55
Digestive System Tumours
The following sites and types are included: ▪▪ Oesophagus and Oesophagogastric Junction ▪▪ Stomach ▪▪ Small Intestine ▪▪ Appendix ▪▪ Colon and Rectum ▪▪ Anal Canal and Perianal Skin ▪▪ Liver cell carcinoma ▪▪ Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ▪▪ Gallbladder ▪▪ Perihilar Bile Duct ▪▪ Distal Extrahepatic Bile Duct ▪▪ Ampulla of Vater ▪▪ Pancreas ▪▪ Neuroendocrine Tumours Each site is described under the following headings: ▪▪ Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment ▪▪ Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate ▪▪ Definition of the regional lymph nodes ▪▪ TNM clinical classification ▪▪ pTNM pathological classification ▪▪ G Histopathological grading where appropriate ▪▪ Stage ▪▪ Prognostic factors grid
TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, Eighth Edition. Edited by James D. Brierley, Mary K. Gospodarowicz and Christian Wittekind. © 2017 UICC. Published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digestive System
Introductory Notes
56
Digestive System Tumours
Regional Lymph Nodes The number of lymph nodes ordinarily included in a lymphadenectomy specimen is noted at each site.