The structural relationship analysis of the learning characteristics on the high risk dyslexia group

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๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์ง€๋„๊ต์ˆ˜ ์†ก์„ ํฌ

๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ The Structural Relationship Analysis of the Learning Characteristics on the High-risk Dyslexia Groupโ€™s School Maladjustment and the Mediating Effect on the Reading Ability

2016

ํ˜ธ์„œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ธ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œกํ•™์ „๊ณต

๊น€์€ํฌ


๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ The Structural Relationship Analysis of the Learning Characteristics on the High-risk Dyslexia Groupโ€™s School Maladjustment and the Mediating Effect on the Reading Ability

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ถœํ•จ. 2017๋…„ 1์›”

ํ˜ธ์„œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ธ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์ „๊ณต

๊น€ ์€ ํฌ


๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€ ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ฝƒํ”ผ์–ด ํ’€๋ฐญ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒ ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„๋ผ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฝƒํ”ผ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋„ ๊ฝƒํ”ผ๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ’€๋ฐญ์ด ์˜จํ†ต ๊ฝƒ๋ฐญ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ๋Š๋ƒ -์กฐ๋™ํ™”20์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์–ธ์–ด์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์ด๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ ์•  ์•„๋™๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œกํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ด๋„ ์ง„์ „์ด ์•ˆ ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€ ์กฑํ•ด์„œ์ผ๊นŒ ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์ฑ…์˜ ๋‚ ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฑด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ ์ธ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘๋‡Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์‹ค๋‚ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ผ๋„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ํ•™, ์ค‘์˜ํ•™์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€, ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ฆ(่พจ่ญ‰)์˜ ์ค‘ ์š”์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ˆœ๋ก€์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์™œ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฑธ ๊นŒ? ์–ด๋””์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ? ์™œ ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นŒ? ๋ผ๋Š” ํ™”๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ค๋žœ ์„ธ์›” ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด โ€˜๋‚œ๋… ์ฆโ€™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์›์ธ์€ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€์›ํ•ด์„œ ๋„์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋„์— ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์•ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  3๋…„๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ - 2 -


์นœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๋์— ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ ์ „๊ตญ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์ง€์ž์ฒด์˜ ์ง€์› ๋“ฑ์ด ๋“ค๋ถˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฒˆ์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๊ณต์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก์ฒญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๊ต์œก์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€์ž์ฒด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์›์ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹จ์ผ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์˜๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ช…์พŒํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‡Œ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ด ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ์ž˜ ์ž๋ผ์ค€ ์ž๋…€๋“ค, ๋Š˜ ํ•œ๊ฒฐ๊ฐ™์ด ์‘์›ํ•ด์ค€ ๋‚จํŽธ ์œ ๊ด‘์›์”จ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ œ์ •์— ๋™์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์–ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ ์ •๊ธฐ์—ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ํšŒ ์˜์žฅ๋‹˜, ๊ฐ•๋“๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ถ€์ง€์‚ฌ๋‹˜, ์ด์Šน ๊ฒฝ ์•ˆ์–‘์‹œ์˜ํšŒ ์˜์›๋‹˜, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ์ด์‹  ์–‘ ์ˆ™์ • ํšŒ์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜๋„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์™€ 10๋…„์ด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊น€์€๊ฒฝ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜, ๊น€๋ฏผ์ง„ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋… ์ฆ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ฐ•ํ˜•๋ฐฐ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜ ๋Š˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์„ฑ๊ป ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  ํ•˜๋Œ€ํ˜„ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜, ์„œ์„ ์ง„ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜, ์ •๋‚จํ™˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜, ์„ฑ์€ํ˜„ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ํŠนํžˆ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์• ์จ์ฃผ์‹  ์†ก์„ ํฌ ์ง€๋„๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์ ์‘์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ต ํ•ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ค‘์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ OO์‹œ์˜ OO ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 1~3ํ•™๋…„ 378๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ 191๋ช…๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ 84๋ช… ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์™€, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€ ์ ์‘์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋„ 00์‹œ 11๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์•„๋™ ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ 1~6ํ•™๋…„ 243๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋… ์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ 104๋ช…์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” KOLRA์™€ BASA๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณ€์ด ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. - 1 -


๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์™€ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ตฐ 40๋ช…์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์ข… ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ๊ธฐํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•™๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 13ํšŒ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ, ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์— ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์ €ํ•˜ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋” ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์ธ์ง€์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ๊ฐ์ •์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ ์•ˆ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„, ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™, ํ•™์Šต ๊ทœ์น™์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ธ์ง€ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค ๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „์ฒด์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  - 2 -


์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œ ํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ ํ—˜ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ ์ทจ๋ ฅ, ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ์ „ํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ์ฝ ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ ํžˆ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž ํ•ด๋…์ด ์ž๋™ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ดํ•ด๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ํ›„ ์ขŒ์šฐ์ธก ๊ท€์˜ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ขŒ์šฐ์ธก ๊ท€์˜ ์ฒญ์ง€ ๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์–ด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ๋ง๋ฏธ์•” ์•„ ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ•™ ์—… ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์  ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์–ธ์–ด์ , ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์›์ธ ๋ฐ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ๊ทธ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด: ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘, ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ - 3 -


๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ… . ์„œ๋ก .............................................................................................1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ .......................................................................................1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ .................................................................................................5 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ...................................................................................................7 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ................................................................................8 1. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ดํ•ด ๊ฐ€. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…................................................................................8 ๋‚˜. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํ•ด๋…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ..........................................11 ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ............................................................15 2. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ํ•™์—… ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ฐ€. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ.......................................................................18 ๋‚˜. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ.........................................................................................22 3. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๊ฐ€. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ.............................................................27 ๋‚˜. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์›์ธ.......................................................................29 4. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ..............................................................................32 ๊ฐ€. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜..........................................................33 ๋‚˜. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ..........................................................36

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โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.....................................................................................38 1. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„(์—ฐ๊ตฌ1) ๊ฐ€. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ..........................................................................................39 ๋‚˜. ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ..........................................................................................40 ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘..........................................................................................44 ๋ผ. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์„ ๋ณ„................................................................................45 ๋งˆ. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„..........................................................................................46 2. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ(์—ฐ๊ตฌ2) ๊ฐ€. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ..........................................................................................47 ๋‚˜. ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ..........................................................................................48 ๋‚˜. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘..........................................................................................53 ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ณผ์ •...............................55 ๋งˆ. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„..........................................................................................59 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ.....................................................................................60 1. ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ€. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด .......................................................60 ๋‚˜. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ........................................................................61 ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ......................................................................63 2. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฐ€. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ....................65 ๋‚˜. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ................68 - 5 -


๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ.....................................71 3. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€. ์ „์ฒด์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ....................................75 ๋‚˜. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ..........................................79 ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ..........83 4. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ, ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ ................................................................86 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ ..........................................................................................90 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ ............................................................................99 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ..............................................................................................................102 ๋ถ€ ๋ก..............................................................................................................118 ABSTRACT......................................................................................................129

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ํ‘œ๋ชฉ์ฐจ <ํ‘œโ…ก-1> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜.......................................................................8 <ํ‘œโ…ก-2> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก .........................................................9 <ํ‘œโ…ก-3> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜................................................................................10 <ํ‘œโ…ก-4> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ .............................................11 <ํ‘œโ…ก-5> ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ จ ์šฉ์–ด์ •๋ฆฌ........................................................................13 <ํ‘œโ…ข-1> ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ...................................................40 <ํ‘œโ…ข-2> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ธก์ •๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„..................................,41 <ํ‘œโ…ข-3> ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„.............................,42 <ํ‘œโ…ข-4> ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„...............................................,,43 <ํ‘œโ…ข-5> ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„...........................................,44 <ํ‘œโ…ข-6> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„....................................................................,45 <ํ‘œโ…ข-7> ๋Œ€์ƒํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ผ์ • ................................,47 <ํ‘œโ…ข-8> ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ธ์›.......................................................,48 <ํ‘œโ…ข-9> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€..........................................................................,49 <ํ‘œโ…ข-10> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ .....................................................,.50 <ํ‘œโ…ข-11> KOLRA ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(ํ•ด๋…, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด) ๊ธฐ์ค€..............,51 <ํ‘œโ…ข-12> BASA ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์ค€...........................................................52 <ํ‘œโ…ข-13> ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€(์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ).....................................................53 <ํ‘œโ…ข-14> ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€(์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณ€์ด).................................................53 <ํ‘œโ…ข-15> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ......................................................................54 <ํ‘œโ…ข-16> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ค‘์žฌ์ผ์ • .......................................................................55 - 7 -


<ํ‘œโ…ข-17> ์ค‘์žฌํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ผ์ง€(์˜ˆ์‹œ)..................................................................58 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-1> ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ...............................................61 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-2> ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ.................................................................62 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-3> ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ.............................................................64 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-4> ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ....................66 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-5> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ.........................................................................67 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-6> ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ................69 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-7> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ...............................................................71 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-8> ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ..................................72 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-9> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ......................................................................................74 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-10> ์ „์ฒด์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ์ ํ•ฉ๋„...................76 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-11> ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ .......................................................................................................76 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-12> ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ดํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ...................................78 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-13> ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ(sobel-test)..................................79 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-14> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ์ ํ•ฉ๋„.......................80 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-15> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ............................................................80 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-16> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ดํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ...............81 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-17> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ...............................................82 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-18> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜.........................................83 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-19> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ดํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ.84 - 8 -


<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-20> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ (sobel-test) .................................................................................85 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-21> ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฒ€์ฆ...................................................86 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-22> ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฒ€์ฆ...........................................87 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-23> ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฒ€์ฆ...............................................88 <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-24> ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฒ€์ฆ...............................................89

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ชฉ์ฐจ [๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ข-1] [๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ข-2] [๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ข-3] [๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ฅ-1] [๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ฅ-2] [๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ฅ-3]

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•......................................................................................38 ์ฝ๊ธฐํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋„๊ตฌ............................................................................56 ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋„๊ตฌ..............................................................57 ์ „์ฒด์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ..................................................................77 ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ......................................................................81 ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ....................................................................84

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โ… . ์„œ ๋ก  1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์ •๋ณด์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋„˜์ณ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ซ“์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ๋ฆ„์—์„œ ๋‚™์˜ค๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค. ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ•™ ๊ต ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์„œ ํ•™์Šต์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ์„œ ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์†Œํ†ต์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถ€์ ์‘์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฝ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ๋…์„œ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹์„ ์ถ•์  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ด ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. IDA(๊ตญ์ œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ˜‘ํšŒ, 2002)์˜ ์ •์˜์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์  ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ฆ์ƒ์€ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒ ์ž๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ์“ฐ๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ž ํ•ด ๋…์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ž…์‹œ๊ด€๋ฌธ์„ ๋šซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž  ์žฌ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €์ž„๊ธˆ์˜ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” - 1 -


๋น„๋‹จ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์—…๋ฌด ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋™ ๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๋ น๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ์˜ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ ์ทจ ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ขŒ์ ˆ์€ ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ž์กด๊ฐ ์ €ํ•˜, ๋ถ„ ๋…ธ, ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ ์ด์ฐจ์  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 2014๋…„๋„์— EBS์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ ์ทจ์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ 4์›”๊ณผ 5์›” 2์ฃผ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ <๊ธ€์ž์— ๊ฐ‡ํžŒ ์•„์ด๋“ค>์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(www.ebs. or.kr). ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™ ์ƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ ์ข‹์€๊ต์‚ฌ์šด๋™๊ณผ ํ•œ๋ฆผ ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์ด 4๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์„œ์šธ์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ „์ˆ˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1~2 ํ•™๋…„์—์„œ 5.1%์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์‹ค ๋‚ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ๋งŒํ•œ ์•„์ด๋กœ ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ์†์—์„œ ํ•™์ฐฝ ์‹œ์ ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ํ•™์—…์ค‘๋‹จ ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๋‘” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™ยท ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ์ •์ฑ…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2014๋…„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ํšŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ โ€˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๋“ฑ ํ•™์—…์ค‘๋‹จ ์•„๋™์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์ง€์› ์กฐ๋ก€โ€™๋ฅผ ์ œ์ •(2014-04-02 ์กฐ ๋ก€ ์ œ 4733ํ˜ธ)ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ์กฐ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์•ˆ์–‘(2014), ์ˆ˜์› (2014), ์˜ค์‚ฐ(2015), ์ถฉ๋‚จ (2015), ์ „๋ถ(2015) ๋“ฑ์—์„œ๋„ ์ž‡๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง€์›์กฐ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ž์ฒด์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์›์กฐ ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค€๋น„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์ง€์›์ด ์•ž์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด - 2 -


์•„์ง ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹คํƒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๋„๊ตฌ, ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ฏธ๋น„ ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋น„๋‹จ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒํ™œ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์˜ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ต๊ณผํ•™์Šต๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •๋ณดํš๋“์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค(๊น€์šฉ์šฑ, 2015). ์–ธ๋ก ๋ณด๋„์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—๋Š” ์ด ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ 80๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์—…๋Š๋ฆผ๋ณด ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆยท์ค‘ยท๊ณ  ํ•™๊ธ‰๋‹น 3~4๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ํ•™๋…„์ด ์˜ค๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ•™์—… ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋„ ์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋”์šฑ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(์กฐ์„ ์ผ๋ณด, 2016.1.18). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„ ์•„๋™๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ๊ต์œก์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด ํ•ด์™€ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋งค ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋„๊ฐ€ ์ž‡๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ฑ…์„ ์ „ ํ˜€ ์ฝ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ ์ฑ„ ํ•™ ์Šต์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ธ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ฃ„์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ž˜ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ๋‚ด์ ์ธ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ธ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ • ์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋…ธ, ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ฑ, ์šฐ์šธ, ์ขŒ์ ˆ ๋“ฑ ์ด์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๊ณ  ํ•™์—…์ค‘๋‹จ ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. - 3 -


์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•™์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ๊ณผ, ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์— ์ ์‘์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ด ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(๊น€์œค์˜ฅ, 2014, ์ตœํ›ˆ์ผ, 2013), ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋…์„œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ (๊น€์šฉ์šฑ ์™ธ, 2016), ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ํ•™์—… ์‹คํŒจ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์€ ์ •์„œ ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ฌด๋ ฅ๊ฐ์ด ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œ์ผœ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค(ํ•œ์œค์˜ฅ ์™ธ, 2015). ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•„์ง ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€ ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค ์ •์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋„ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œ ํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€์ •์  ํ•™์—… ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ขŒ์ ˆ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ•จ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ค‘์žฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต๊ฒฝ ํ—˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์›€์„ ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™๊ต์ƒ ํ™œ์˜ ์ ์‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š” ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค(Lerner & Johns, 2011).

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2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์€ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ฐฝ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‚œ ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜๋œ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚œ ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ์ค‘์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์›ํ•  ๋ฟ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งž ๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํƒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ต์œก๋ณต ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ฉด, 2011๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€๋Š” ์ •์„œ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 5๊ฐœ ๊ฑฐ์ ๊ต์œก์ฒญ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ 2013๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•™ ์Šต์ข…ํ•ฉํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(๊ต์œก๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€, 2013). ๋˜ํ•œ 2012๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ์„œ๋ถ€๊ต์œก์ฒญ์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๋“ฑ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ํ•™ ์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹ค์ธ ์—๋“€ ์„ธ๋ผํ”ผ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ฒฝํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฌธ ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(newsis, 2015), 2012๋…„ ์„œ์šธ ์‹œ ๊ต์œก์ฒญ์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ (๋น„ํ•™์Šต ์ )์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘๋‡Œํ•™์Šตํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋ฐ˜์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(์„œ์šธ๊ต์œก 201253). ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง€์› ์กฐ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„๋Š” 2015๋…„์— ์•„๋™์–‘์œก ์‹œ์„ค ์ž…์†Œํ•™์ƒ 300๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(์ด๋‰ด์Šคํˆฌ๋ฐ์ด,2015.11.13). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง€์›์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฝ๊ธฐํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  - 5 -


์ ‘๊ทผ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ผํšŒ์„ฑ ์ง€์›์— ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์‹ค์งˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์€ ์•„์ง ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•™์Šต์ƒ๋‹ด์„ผํ„ฐ, ํ•™์Šตํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์› ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ์ง€์›์„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋ฉฐ(์‹ ์˜ํ™”, 2013), ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ต ํ•ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋†’ ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์— ์ ์‘์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ํ•™๊ต ์ ์‘์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ ํ„ฐ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž ๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ด๋ฅด ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜ ์—ฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. - 6 -


3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œ ํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜ ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚œ ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๊ฐ„์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋„ท์งธ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์–ด์Œ ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ, ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?

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โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ดํ•ด ๊ฐ€. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๊ตญ์ œ๋‚œ๋…์ฆํ˜‘ํšŒ(International Dyslexia Association: IDA, 2002)๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์›์ธ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธ๋œ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ฐฝํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ธ์‹์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ์ฒ ์ž์™€ ํ•ด๋… ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ํŠน์ง•์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Shaywitz ์™ธ, 2006). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‚ด ํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด <ํ‘œโ…ก-1>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ก-1> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์˜ ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ ๊ตญ์ œ๋‚œ๋…์ฆํ˜‘ํšŒ (IDA) ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ํŽธ๋žŒ (DSM-5) ์˜๊ตญ๋‚œ๋…์ฆํ˜‘ํšŒ (BDA) ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋‚œ๋…์ฆํ•™ํšŒ (CDA) ํ•œ๊ตญํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์œกํ•™ํšŒ

์ • ์˜ โฆ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์•  ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด 70ยฑ5์ด์ƒ, ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ 2ํ‘œ์ค€ ํŽธ์ฐจ ์ดํ•˜ โฆ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ฐฝํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฝ๊ธฐ, ์ฒ ์ž ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์•  โฆ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ์  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ, ์šด๋™์„ฑ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ โฆ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ, ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ€์ž ํ•ด๋…์ด ํž˜๋“  ์ฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์• ์˜ ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜• โฆ

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๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด ๋ก ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด <ํ‘œโ…ก-2>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(์ž„์ƒ์†Œ์•„์ •์‹ ์˜ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌํšŒ, 2014). <ํ‘œโ…ก-2 > ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก  ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„

๋‚ด ์šฉ

์•„์ง ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ โฆํƒœ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋™์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋‚˜, ์ถ•์‚ญ๋Œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ๋„์˜ ์ด์ƒ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ • ์ขŒ์ธก ๋‘์ • ์ธก๋‘ ์˜์—ญ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋‡Œ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ƒ โฆโฆfMRI์ƒ ํ›„๋‘ ์ธก๋‘์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„ ์ €ํ•˜ ์ฐจ์ด โฆ์ขŒ์ธก ๋‘๋‡Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ํ˜‘์‘์žฅ์•  ์Œ์šด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ โฆ์Œ์šด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ด๋ก  ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ โฆ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์ง„ํญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ง€ ์ด๋ก  ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์Œ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ถ„์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ ์†Œ๋‡Œ/ โฆ์†Œ๋‡Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์šด๋™ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์ด๋ก  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€์„ธํฌ โฆ์ฒญ๊ฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ ์ด๋ก  ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ณณ์— ์œ„์น˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ โฆ์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ ์ž์ฒด ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ด๋ก  ์œ ์ „์  ์›์ธ

โฆ

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๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ด ์Œ์šด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ด๋ก ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ(๊น€๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์™ธ, 2003), ๋‚œ ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ผ์ฐจ์  ์›์ธ์„ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์˜ ์ด์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ํ•ด๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋…์„œ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐ ํ•์€ ์–ดํœ˜์™€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๋‹ค(IDA, 2002). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š”, ์„ ์ฒœ์  ์žฅ์• ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ›„์— ๋‘๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ›„์ฒœ์„ฑ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ๋‹ค(์ดํ™์žฌ ์™ธ, 1998). ๋‚œ๋… ์ฆ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด <ํ‘œโ…ก-3>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ก-3 > ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ ์ • ์˜ ๋ฌด์‹œ โฆ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋์˜ ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์‹œ์•ผ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ชฝ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•จ โฆ์ž๋ชจ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ฝ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ€์ž์˜ ๋‚ฑ์ž ๋ช…๋ช…์€ ํž˜๋“ฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ฑ ์ฃผ์˜์„ฑ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๋‚ฑ์ž๋‹จ์œ„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ โฆ๋‹จ์–ด ์•ˆ์˜ ์ž๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฝ๊ณ ์„œ์•ผ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ธ์‹ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ‘œ์ธต์„ฑ โฆ๋น„๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ฝ์–ด๋„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชป ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทœ์น™ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ ์Œ์šด์„ฑ โฆ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ฝ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ๋น„๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ฝ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ โฆ์ฝ์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹  ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์‹ฌ์ธต์„ฑ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ฝ์Œ ์˜๋ฏธ์—†์ด โฆ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ - 10 -


๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ADHD๋‚˜ ์–ธ์–ด์žฅ์• , ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ค๋…์ฆ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ ํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์€ <ํ‘œโ…ก-4> ์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ก-4> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง• ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์–ธ์–ด์„ฑ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์•  ํ›„์ฒœ์„ฑ ์‹ค๋…์ฆ ๊ณผ๋…์ฆ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์ง„ ADHD

์ฆ ์ƒ โฆ์Œ์šด๋ก ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ

โฆ

์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์†์ƒ

โฆ

๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ

โฆ

์Œ์šด๋ก ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์€ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ง„ โฆ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋™์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žฆ์•„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์ธ โฆ

๋‚˜. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํ•ด๋…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ๋…ํ•ด์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ด๋…์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹์€ ๊ธ€์ž ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ž๋ชจ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž๋ชจ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ - 11 -


์ณ์ ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ธ€์ž์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๋‹จ์œ„์ธ ์Œ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๋ฉฐ, ๋นผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•  ์ค„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(Swank & Larrivee, 1998). ์Œ์šด์ธ ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ธด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธ€ ์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ํ†ต๊ธ€์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ฐ› ์•„์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์งธ๋กœ ์™ธ์›Œ์„œ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ํ•œ๋‹ค(๊น€๊ธธ์ˆœ, 2008). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™๋“ค์€ ์Œ์†Œ ์ธ์‹(phonemic awareness)์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ์šด ํŒ๋‹จ(โ€˜won'๊ณผ โ€˜one'), ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜ ๋Š” ์Œ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ(โ€˜๊ฐ'์€ โ€˜ใ„ฑ', โ€˜ใ…', โ€˜ใ…โ€™์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ), ๋งˆ์Œ์†์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์„ฑ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ(์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ"๋ฅผ โ€œ์Šค๊ฒŒํŒŒํ‹ฐ"๋กœ)์— ์žˆ ์–ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค(Dehaene, 2009). ํ•™๋ น๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•™๋ น๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•ด๋…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค(Catts, Fey, Tomblin, & Zhang, 2002). ๋˜ ํ•œ Schuele & Boudreau (2008)๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์žฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ํ•ด๋…๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ด‰์ง„์ด ๋ฐ” ๋กœ ํ•ด๋…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋…์€ ๊ธ€์ž์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๊ทœ์น™์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ฑ๋ง์„ ์ฝ ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ 1:1๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜ ๋Š” ๋‚ฑ๋ง์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒ ์ž์œ ํ˜• ์ง€ ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์žฌ์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค (Catts & Kamhi, 2005). ์Œ์šดํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ์Œ์šด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žฅ์•  ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์Œ์†Œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋‚ฑ๋ง๋“ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด - 12 -


์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Harm, 1999). Harrie์™€ Waller(1984)๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ 14๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํ•ด๋…๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Torgesen๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค (2007)์€ ๋…ํ•ด๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋…ํ•ด๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋…์„œ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ธ€-์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ธ์‹๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹์˜ ์—ด์•…์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋… ํ•ด๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•์€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ฑ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ํ•ด๋…์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ ์— ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ จ ์šฉ์–ด์ •๋ฆฌ๋Š” <ํ‘œโ…ก-5>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ ์Œ์†Œ (phoneme) ์ž์†Œ (grapheme) ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ (Phonological Awareness) ํ•ด๋… (decording) ์ฝ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ (reading)

<ํ‘œโ…ก-5> ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ จ ์šฉ์–ด์ •๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด ์šฉ โฆ

์ง€๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ๋‹จ์œ„, ์ž์Œ, ๋ชจ์Œ

โฆ

๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์Œ์†Œ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ชจ ๋‚ฑ์ž, ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ƒ์ง•

โฆ

โฆ

โฆ

๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์Œ์šด์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์ ˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๊ณ , ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ์Œ์†Œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์Œ์†Œ ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธ€์ž์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๊ทœ์น™์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚ฑ๋ง ์„ ์ฝ์Œ ํ•ด๋…์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋กœ ์˜์‹์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์—†์ด ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ - 13 -


๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋œ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ํŠน์ •ํ•™์Šต ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์žฌ์ธ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์€ ์ง€๋Šฅ์  ์š”์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฐ ํ•์€ ํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ, ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ง€์‹์˜ ํ™•์žฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Lyon, Shaywiz, & Shaywitz, 2003). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ์™€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ๊ฐ€๋ น ใ…‚/ใ…, ใ„ด/ใ„ท๋ฅผ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์“ฐ ๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ์ „, ์ „์น˜, ๋„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์™ธ ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ โ€˜๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ' โ€˜~๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ' ๊ฐ™์ด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋„ ๋”๋“ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋จธ๋ญ‡๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋Š” ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค(์˜ˆ:โ€˜๋“œ๋„ฃ์ง€๋งŒโ€™์„ โ€˜๋“œ๋Ÿฌ ํžˆโ€™๋กœ). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์— ์ž…ํ•™ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋ž˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€๋„ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์“ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์–ด ๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ํ•™์Šต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํš๋“์€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค๋„ ์ž ๋…€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐ์Šต๋ถ€์กฑ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์ธ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ถ€๋˜๊ธฐ ์ผ์‘ค์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ ์ดํ•ด๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ชฐ์ดํ•ด๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชธ์ด ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต - 14 -


๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋ฉด ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด ์ด๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์€ํํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋˜๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋“œ

๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™๋“ค์€ ์˜๋ฏธ ์—†๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์ด ๋ฏธ ๋ชจ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์•„๋™์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ถ€ํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(๊น€ํ˜œ๊ฒฝ ์—ญ, 2008).

๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ƒํ™”๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‡Œ์†์ƒ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ(fMRI)์— ์˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธก๋‘๋Œ€์ƒํŒ, ์ขŒ์ธก๋‘์ •์—ฝ, ์šฐ์†Œ๋‡Œ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Demb, Boynton, & Haager, 1997). ์‹œ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ž๊ทน์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋Š ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ทนํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œ ๋ฐœ์ „์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค(Johannes ์™ธ, 1996). ์–‘์ „์ž ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜(PET) ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—์„œ Rumsey์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค(1997)์€ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ช…๋ช… ๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์–ดํœ˜ ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ณผ์ œ ์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–‘์ธก ํ›„์ธก๋‘ ํ”ผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋‘์ •ํ”ผ์งˆ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์ • ์ƒ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Rothenberger ์™€ Moll(1994)์€ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ง€์ฒด๋‚˜ ์„ ์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋™์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์ ์ธ EEG๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ขŒ์ธก ๋‘์ •๋ถ€์— ์•ŒํŒŒํŒŒ์˜ ๋น„๋™๊ธฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” - 15 -


๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ์Œ์šดํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™• ์‹คํžˆ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธ ์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์Œ์†Œ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜ ๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค(Bradley & Bryant, 1985). ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ์›์ธ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜(Shaywitz ์™ธ, 2006), ๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์žฅ์• ๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ(Hudson ์™ธ, 2007), ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ Cao ์™ธ(2006)๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธก๋‘์—ฝ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Stein๊ณผ McAnally(1997)๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํญ์„ ๋ณ€์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ทน์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚œ๋… ์ฆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ง„ํญ๋ณ€์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ EEG๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒญ๊ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์†์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Science Daily(2012)๋“ฑ ์™ธ์‹ ๋ณด๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋…์ผ Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์€ ๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ์‹œ์ƒ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šฌ์ƒ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋‚ด์ธก ์Šฌ ์ƒ์ฒด๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ด๋™ํ†ต๋กœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ๊ท€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‡Œ ํ”ผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์›ํ™œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‚ด์ธก ์Šฌ์ƒ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘๊ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. - 16 -


๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์„ ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์–ด ๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋น„ ๋‹จ์–ด, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด โ€˜์•„์ฟฐ์นดโ€™ โ€˜์…œ๋กฑ๋ถ€๋ฅดโ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•ด๋…์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ค์‚ฌ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(Dehaene, 2009)๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฐํ•์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜ ๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋ณดํ†ต ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ •์ƒ์•„๋™์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์šด์œจ์„ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ž…ํ•™ ์ „์— ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™๋“ค์€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ณ  ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ฆ์ƒ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค(๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ผ๋ณด, 2012. 8.8) ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์š”์ธ์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋‘” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ด๋ก ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ฒญ์ง€ ๊ฐ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

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2. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ํ•™์—… ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด ๊ตฌ ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด๋ž€ Bandura(1977)๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌ ํšŒ ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ก (social learning theory)์ด ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Bandura๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ(self-efficacy)์€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์‹คํ–‰์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ž ์‹ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ด๋ก ์€ ํ•™์Šต์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋‚ด์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‚ด์žฌ ์  ๋™๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(๊น€์•„์˜, ๋ฐ• ์ธ์˜, 2001). Bandura(1986)๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Schunk (1990)๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ ๋œ ํ•™์—…์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Bandura์™€ Schunk(1981)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ด ๋†’์€ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ํ•™์—…์  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ํ•™์—…์  - 18 -


ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ˆ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์–ด ๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Pintrich์™€ DeGroot(1990) ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์ธ์ง€์ „๋žต ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฆ‰, ํ•™์—…์  ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’ ์œผ๋ฉด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ํ—ˆ์ˆ™ํฌ(2004)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ์„ค์ • ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทน๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ๋‚ด์™€ ๋ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” โ€˜๋™๊ธฐ์  ๊ณผ์ •โ€™์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณ, ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ธ โ€˜์ •์„œ์  ๊ณผ์ •โ€™์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘๋ฃจ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ํ•™ ์Šต์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ(academic self-efficacy)์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(์ด๋™์›, 2007). ๊น€์•„์˜๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์ธ์˜(2001)์€ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฒ™๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™ ์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ, ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ ์ด๋„ ์„ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ฒ™๋„์™€ ๊ธฐ ์กด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‘ ์š”์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. Bandura์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ด๋ก  ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ โ€˜์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐโ€™, - 19 -


โ€˜๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„ ์„ ํ˜ธโ€™, โ€˜์ž์‹ ๊ฐโ€™์ด ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค. ๊น€์•„์˜ ์™ธ(2001)๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ์„ ํƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž ๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋„์ „์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค (Bandura, 1986; Locke & Latham, 1990; ์ด์„์˜, 2009). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ ํ˜‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์ด ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ๋งŒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฆ์ง„๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค(์ตœ์˜๋ฏธ, 2006). ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ Bandura(1986)์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด๋ก , ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ Bandura์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ์ง€์ด๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋‚ด์ ์ธ ์•ˆ๋‚ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ์ฒด๊ณ„์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™” ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ํ•™์Šต์€ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜ ์—ฌ โ€˜์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํ•™์Šต์ด๋ก โ€™์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ ˆ์  ๊ธฐ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐํŒ๋‹จ, ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฐฐ, ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‘์„ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ™•์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ - 20 -


๋‹ค(Bandura, 1986; ์˜ค์ข…์ง„, 2011). ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฐฐ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋„์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์˜์ง‘์ค‘์œผ๋กœ, ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์„ค ์ •, ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ง„์ „๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๊ธฐํŒ๋‹จ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜ ํ–‰ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ž๊ธฐํŒ๋‹จ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€, ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ, ๋ชฉํ‘œํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ๊ท€์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธ์ •์„ฑ, ๋ถ€์ •์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์กฐ์ •๊ณผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์ฒ™๋„์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ž์‹ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์˜๋„์  ์กฐ ์ •, ์ฃผ์˜์ง‘์ค‘, ์กฐ์ ˆ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ์„ค์ •, ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ํ•™์—…๊ณ„ํš์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ, ํ•™์Šต๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์กฐ์ง, ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™, ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆ˜ ํ–‰ ํŒ๋‹จ, ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ํ•™์Šต์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”, ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฐ ๋™๊ธฐํ™” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค(๊น€์•„์˜, 2008). ์…‹์งธ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์—… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŒ๋‹จ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋… ๋˜๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์  ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜๊ณ , ์ •์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค(Bandura, 1986). ํ•™์—…์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์œผ ๋กœ๋Š” ํ† ๋ก  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œํ’€์ด์— ์žˆ์–ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค ์›€, ์šฐ์šธ, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์‹œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ •๋„ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค(์ตœ์˜๋ฏธ, 2006). ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ์˜ - 21 -


๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์‹คํŒจ๋Š” ์ž์กด ๊ฐ ์ €ํ•˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค ์ด์ฐจ์ ์ธ ์ •์„œ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„ ์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ํ•™์—…์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์ธ์ง€์  ๋ณ€์ธ ๋ฐ ๋™๊ธฐ์  ๋ณ€์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚œ ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ๋œ ํ›„ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถ€์ ์‘์  ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์กด๊ฐ ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋‚˜. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ •์˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์„œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค(์ž„์šฉ์šฐ, 1991). ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Freud๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์ƒ ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ ๋ผ ์ •๋„์— ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ฆ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ •์„œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์กด - 22 -


์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ์™€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถˆํŽธ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(์ด์ฐฝํ˜ธ, 1993). ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ(test anxiety)์€ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ ๋˜ ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์ƒ ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜์€ ๋•Œ๋ก  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ๋ณด๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋„์ „ ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋ก  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ์ขŒ์ ˆ ๋ฐ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ (๊น€์ถฉ๊ธฐ, ์žฅ์„ ์ฒ , 2006), ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์žฅ์• , ์šฐ์šธ์žฅ์• , ์ „ํ™˜์žฅ์• , ๋น„ํ–‰, ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์žฅ์• (identity disorder)๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(์กฐ์ˆ˜์ฒ  ์™ธ, 2001). ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, Mandler์™€ Sarason(1952)๋Š” ์‹œ ํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ฃ„์˜์‹, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์˜ ๊พธ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ, ๋ถ„๋…ธ ๋“ฑ์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. Spielberger์™€ Vagg(1995)๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€์  ์ƒํ™ฉ ์—์„œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ ํŠน์ˆ˜์ ์ธ (situation-specific) ์„ฑ๊ฒฉํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ์ •๋„์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ• ์ง€ ๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€ ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ• ๋ ฅํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(์ด์ฐฝํ˜ธ, 1993). ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œ„์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์  - 23 -


์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฒ™๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ ํšŒ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ •์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์€ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊น€๋ฌธ์ฃผ(1990)๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์ผ์ข… ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์•  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹ ์„ฑ์›… ์™ธ(2001)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์•„์ƒ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ-๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๋…„์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž์•„์ƒ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜์™€ ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ ์•ˆ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋˜๋ž˜์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž์กด๊ฐ์ €ํ•˜, ์šฐ์šธ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ถŒ๋ช…์„ (2001)์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ์›์ธ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ, ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃ„์˜์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒŒ์˜ ๋ถˆ ์•ˆ๊ฐ์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ์„œ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ ํ–‰์ด๋ก ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์—์„œ ์งˆ์ , ์–‘์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜ ๋ฉด ๋” ๋†’์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ • ์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ - 24 -


์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์ง€ ๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(์กฐ์ˆ˜์ฒ  ์™ธ, 2001). Liebert์™€ Morris(1967)๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฑ์ •-์ •์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋˜์–ด ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ •์„œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ณผ ํฅ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์ธ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ธ์ง€์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ •์„œ์š”์ธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ Spielberger์˜ Test Anxiety Inventory(TAI)๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(๊น€์–ด์ง„, 2007). ์ธ์ง€์š”์ธ์—๋Š” ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ์˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌ ๊ทธ๋กœ์ธํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์—ผ๋ ค, ๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ •์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ทผ์ €์—๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ , ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ง€ ๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํƒ€์ธ๋“ค์ด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ž˜ ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ๋ด ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ ํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฑฑ์ •, ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์ฑ…๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ • ์ˆ˜ ์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค(๋ฐ•์ •์˜ฅ, 1999). ์ •์„œ์š”์ธ์€ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ๊ธด์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธด์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์•ˆ ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ๋•€์ด ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ๋‘๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ดœํžˆ ์•ˆ์ ˆ๋ถ€์ ˆ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋“ค์ด - 25 -


๋‹ค(์ •๋‘ํ™”, 2006). ์ธ์ง€์š”์ธ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ, ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ž์•„๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์„œ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†๋˜ ๊ณ , ์ •์„œ์š”์ธ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ๋…ํ–‰๋™, ๊ต์‹ค์˜ ์ž๊ทน์ƒํ™ฉ, ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€์  ๋‹จ์„œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์„œ ์š”์ธ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ๋ณ€ํ™” ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋กœ ๊ตญ ํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธ์ง€์š”์ธ์€ ์ธ์ง€์  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ•ด์™€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ง€์†์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์œ„์ธ์ง€์— ์žˆ์–ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์›๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„ ํ•™์Šต๊ธฐ ์ˆ , ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„๋ฒฝ์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์—ผ๋ ค, ์šฐ์šธ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต ์ œ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์‹ ๋…์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(์กฐ์šฉ๋ž˜, 2008). ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ•™์—…์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์™€ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์•…์ˆœํ™˜์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

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3. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๊ฐ€. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ€์ ์‘์  ํ–‰๋™ ํŠน ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐˆ ๋“ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘ ์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ ์ ์‘์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์งˆ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์— ์œ„๋ฐ˜๋œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™ ์ƒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ณดํ†ต ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜์š•์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์‚ฌ์— ์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ž์กด๊ฐ ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ์‘์  ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌโ€ค์ •์„œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํƒˆ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค (๊น€๊ธฐํƒœ ์™ธ, 1996). ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Lazarus(1969)์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ์ง€๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์ง์—…์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฐœํœ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„, ์˜์š• ์ €ํ•˜ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๊ธฐ์œ ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜์‹์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด๋“  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์ โ€ค์ •์‹ ์  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€์กฐํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ โ€คํ–‰๋™์  ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ๋™์•ˆ ๋˜๋ž˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ต ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ•™๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์ด ๋ถ€ - 27 -


์žฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์  ํƒœ๋„ ๋ฐ ์˜์‹์  ๊ธฐํ”ผ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์žฆ์€ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ์„, ๊ฐ€์ถœ, ํ•™์—…์ค‘๋‹จ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ค‘๋…, ํก์—ฐ, ํ•™๊ต ํญ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ž ๋˜๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด์ž ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์ ์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™์ธ์ฐํžŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋‚จ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค ๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์†Œ์™ธ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์—ด๋“ฑ๊ฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ ์ขŒ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งค์‚ฌ์— ์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์•…์ˆœํ™˜์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•…์ˆœํ™˜์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•™๊ต ๊ณตํฌ ์ฆ, ๋“ฑ๊ต ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€, ํ•™๊ต ํšŒํ”ผ, ์ค‘๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฒฐ์„, ํ•™์—…์ค‘๋‹จ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ(๋ณ€๊ท€์—ฐ, 2004) ์ด๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค(ํ•œ๋‚œ์‹ , 2001). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์  ์ ˆํ•œ ์ง€์›์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ•™๊ตํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ ์‘ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต์ ์‘์€ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์กฐํ™” ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์งˆ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์กฐํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(๋ฐ•์ฃผ์˜, 2014). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•™๊ต์ ์‘์„ ์ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™, ๊ทœ์น™ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์กฐํ™”๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ ์ „ - 28 -


๋ฐ˜์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์ ์‘์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ด๋‚˜ ๊ต์œก์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํƒ€์ธ ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ๊นจ์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(๊น€๊ธฐํƒœ ์™ธ, 1996). ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ ์‘์€ ์•ˆ ์ •๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์–ด ๋ ค์›€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(์œค๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ, 2002). ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์€ ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ถ€์ ์‘์  ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋ž˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ, ํ•™๊ต ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์• ์ฐฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž ์—ฐํžˆ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๋„ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋‚˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ƒ์Šน๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์˜ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ธ‰์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ ์ž„ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(์˜ฅ๋ณต๋…€, 2010). ๋‚˜. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์›์ธ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์ด๋ž€ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜ ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•ด ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ˆ„์ ๋œ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์ดํƒˆ์ ˆ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(์ด์˜์•„ ์™ธ, 2011). ํ˜„ ์žฌ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€ ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์š”์ธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ, ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ ๋“ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ(๊น€์šฉํฌ, 1988; ํ—ˆ์ •์ฒ , ๊น€์›์˜ฅ, 2007; ํ™๊ธˆ์ž, ์ด๊ฒฝ์ค€, - 29 -


1998), ๊น€๋™ํ•˜(1992)๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์˜ ๋‚ด์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์™ธ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฅ˜์€์ •(2006)์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์š” ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์š”์ธ์—๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฒฐํ•จ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€๋Šฅ, ๋‡Œ์†์ƒ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์š”์ธ์—๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•, ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ขŒ์ ˆ, ํ•™์Šต์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€ ์ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ €ํ•˜, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ, ์›๋งŒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ํƒ€์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ-์ž๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์ด ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋„ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(์‹ ์œค์ž, 2005; ์ด๋ฏธํ˜„, 2005). ์ด ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ€์ด๋ณ„, ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ์‚ฌ๋ง ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ธก๋ฉด ์—์„œ์˜ ์›์ธ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ถ€์žฌ, ๊ฐ€์ •ํญ๋ ฅ, ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ™˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์›์ธ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜๋ž˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ํฐ ์˜ ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋„ ํ•™์ƒ ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ง์ ‘์  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (์ „์ข…๊ตญ, ๋ฐ•์ค‘๊ทœ, 2009). ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํš์ผ์  ์ธ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐ•์š”๋‚˜ ๋น„๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(๋ฐ•๊ทผ์ˆ˜, 2003), ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€, ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋งค์ฒด ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋น„๊ต์œก์  ํ™˜ ๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(ํ—ˆ์ •์ฒ , ๊น€์›์˜ฅ, 2007). ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€ ์ ์‘์˜ ์š”์ธ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด์  ์š”์ธ, ์™ธ์  ์š”์ธ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ตํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํžˆ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์› ์ธ์ด ํ•™์Šต๋ฌธ์ œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์‘ ๋ฌธ - 30 -


์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ ๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ง๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(ํ—ˆ์ƒํ™˜, 2003). ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์˜ ์ €์กฐํ•œ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋™์„œ์–‘์„ ๋ง‰๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค(Crystal, et al., 1994). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋ ค์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•™ ์Šต์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ธด์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ขŒ์ ˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•™๊ต์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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4. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์†Œ๋‡Œ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ด์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ณณ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ๋ฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก , ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ด๋ก ์€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์šด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠน ํžˆ, ์Œ์šด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ด๋ก ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์šด๋ถ€ ๊ฒฐ์†์— ์˜ํ•œ ์Œ์šด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฒฐํ•จ์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ•™๋ น์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์•„๋™์€ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹๋Šฅ ๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ชป ์“ฐ๋ฉฐ, ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด์ ˆ๋กœ ๋ถ„์ ˆ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ €ํ•™๋…„ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ›์นจ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ์ฝ๊ฑฐ ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์„œ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์Œ์šด๋ณ€๋™์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ› ์•„์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋Š ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋”๋“ฌ๋”๋“ฌ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฑ… ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘๋ฌธ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์ž ์‹ ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(์•„๋น„๊ฐ€์ผ ๋งˆ์ƒฌ, 2008). ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, Temple ๋“ฑ (2000)์€ 8๋ช…์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ 10๋ช…์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์Œ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ €์Œ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ„ ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํ†ค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์†๋„ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ ์ค‘ ์ „๋‘ํšŒ, ์ขŒ์ธก ์ „์ „๋‘ ์˜์—ญ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ - 32 -


์œผ๋‚˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. Ruff ๋“ฑ (2002)์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„ฑ์ธ๋“ค ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋น„๊ต ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์†Œ์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ธŒ๋กœ์นด ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ „ ๋‘์—ฝ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋จผ์ € ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ํ•ด๋…์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด ๋ฉด, ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ๊ตฌ์–ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” โ€˜์Œ์ ˆโ€™(์˜ˆ: ์‚ฌ๊ณผโŸถ ์‚ฌ+๊ณผ)๋กœ, ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ โ€˜์Œ ์†Œ(phoneme ์˜ˆ:ใ……+ใ…, ใ„ฑ+ใ…—+ใ…)'๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ž ์†Œ์™€ ์Œ์†Œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ์Œ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ (Rozin & Gleitman, 1977), ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™์ด ์Œ์†Œ ์ธ์‹์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค. ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹์˜ ์Šต๋“ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ž‘์€ ์š”์†Œ(์Œ์ ˆ, ์Œ์†Œ) ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ด ์Œ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜ ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๊ธ€์ž์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ๋œ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ•™์Šต์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™๋“ค์ด ์Œ์šด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ์ž ์Šต๋“์— ์–ด ๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Liberman, Shank weiler, Liberman, Fowler, & Fischer, 1977). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์— ์žˆ์–ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ์žํ•ด๋…์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ์ง€์ ์ธ ์ž์›์„ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด, ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜ - 33 -


๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์— ์ œํ•œ์ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ์ง€์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  ์ธ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค(Oโ€™Connor & Jenkins, 1999; Wilson & Lonigan, 2010)๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Š” ์ž์†Œ์™€ ์Œ์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๊ณผ ์Œ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฌด์˜ ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋˜๊ณ  ์ผ๊ฒฌ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๋ฉด ํ•ด๋…์ด ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ฝ ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์ด๋„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ดํ•ด์— ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.(๊น€๋ฏธ๋ฐฐ ์™ธ, 2011, ์œคํšจ์ง„ ์™ธ, 2011). ํ•ด๋…์ด ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋˜์–ด์•ผ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์†๋„์™€ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ ์ฆ‰, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ ์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ์€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค(Pier angelo & Giuliani, 2006). ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜ ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ดํ•ด์—์„œ ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„ ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ•ด๋…์˜ ์ž ๋™ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋Š” ๋…ํ•ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ค‘์žฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ์ค‘์š” ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์Œ์†Œ ์ธ์‹์— ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์†Œ์— ์Œ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Catts & Kamhi, 2005). Grawburg(2004)๋Š” ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์Œ์†Œ ๋ถ„ ์ ˆ ๋ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ž์œ ์ž์žฌ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์Œ์šด ์ธ์‹์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์›์ธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ - 34 -


์žฅ์• ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Rvachew(2003)๋Š” ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹์— ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Burns(2012)๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Œ์„ฑํ•™์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฌธ์ž ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ๋„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ง์†Œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ด๋ก  (auditory processing theory)์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ค‘ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ฒ˜ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์šด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฐฉ ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ด๋ก (rapid auditory processing theory)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋‚œ๋… ์ฆ ์•„๋™๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Œ์„ฑ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์งง๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ ์˜ ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (McAnally & Stein, 1997; Temple et al., 2000). ์ฆ‰, ์งง์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅด ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด /ba/์™€/da/ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Œ์†Œ๋Œ€๋น„์˜ ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ฐ์  ์ž๊ทน๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์ง€์™€ ์ธ์ง€์‚ฌ ์ด์— ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š ๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ธ ์Œ - 35 -


์šด ์ธ์‹์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์›์ธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ • ๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ค‘์žฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋‚˜. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฌ ํ›„์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(KOLRA)์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ธ ํ•ด๋…๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ดํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , BASA ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ด๋… ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฆ์ง„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์žฌํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ›„ ์–ด ์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์™€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ค‘์žฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋จผ์ € ์Œ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์Œ์†Œ์˜ ๋ณ€๋ณ„, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ, ํƒˆ๋ฝ, ๋Œ€์น˜์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹์˜ ์Šต๋“ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์Œ ์šด๋ณ€๋™์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์Œ์šด๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ํ•ด๋…์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๊ณ  ๋งคํšŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค 1๋ถ„์”ฉ 5 ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธ€์ž์˜ ํ•ด๋…์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด์— ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ค‘์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งคํšŒ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋™์‹œ๋ฅผ ์™ธ์›Œ์˜ค๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•” ์†กํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •์„œ์ ์ธ ์ˆœํ™”๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ „๋žต์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œ ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋™๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ - 36 -


์™ธ์›Œ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ์•„๋™๋“ค๋„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์ฆ์ง„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ด๋ก ์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋‘” ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์Œ์†Œ ๋ถ„์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์Œ์†Œ ์ฐจ์ด ๋ณ€๋ณ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์–ด์Œ ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›ˆ ๋ จ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์ด์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์šด๋™์‹œ์ผœ ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ Gating/ Filtering๋œ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ฐธ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜ ๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›์•„์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํฐ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต ๋“ฑ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋Œ€์ƒ ์•„๋™๋“ค ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„(์—ฐ๊ตฌ1) ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

[๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ข-1] ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• - 38 -


ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ ค ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜ ๊ณ , ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ ์ขŒ์ ˆ์€ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œ์ผœ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€ ์ ์‘์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ OO์‹œ์˜ OO์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๋‚จ๋…€ ํ•™์ƒ 378๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋œ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ <ํ‘œโ…ข-1>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ•™๋…„์€ 1ํ•™๋…„์ด 44.0% (84๋ช…)๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ 2ํ•™๋…„ 43.5%(83๋ช…), 3ํ•™๋…„์ด 12.6%(24๋ช…)์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‘ ๋‹ต์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ 66.0%(126๋ช…), ์—ฌ์ž 34.0%(65๋ช…)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ•™๋…„์€ 2ํ•™๋…„์ด 53.6%(45๋ช…)๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ 1ํ•™๋…„ 25.0%(21๋ช…), 3ํ•™๋…„์ด 21.4% (18๋ช…)์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ๋‚จ ์ž๊ฐ€ 60.7%(51๋ช…), ์—ฌ์ž 39.3%(33๋ช…)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ <ํ‘œโ…ข-1>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

- 39 -


<ํ‘œโ…ข-1> ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„

ํ•™๋…„

์„ฑ๋ณ„

1ํ•™๋…„ 2ํ•™๋…„ 3ํ•™๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ๋‚จ์ž ์—ฌ์ž ์ „์ฒด

์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ (N=191) ๋นˆ๋„ ํผ์„ผํŠธ (๋ช…) (%) 84 44.0 83 43.5 24 12.6 191 100.0 126 66.0 65 34.0 191 100.0

(N=378)

์ €์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ (N=103) (N=84) ๋นˆ๋„ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ๋นˆ๋„ ํผ์„ผํŠธ (๋ช…) (%) (๋ช…) (%) 36 35.0 21 25.0 50 48.5 45 53.6 17 16.5 18 21.4 103 100.0 84 100.0 70 68.0 51 60.7 33 32.0 33 39.3 103 100.0 84 100.0

๋‚˜. ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ a. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€(์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์šฉ) : ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์†กํ™์ค€ ์™ธ(2015)๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ ๋กœ ์ด 34๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค(๋ถ€๋ก). ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ์€ ๊ธ€์ž์ธ์‹(5), ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ(6), ์“ฐ๊ธฐ(5), ์ง€๋Šฅ(5), ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด ๋ฐ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์  ํšจ๊ณผ (4), ์Œ์šด๋ก ์  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •(3), ์ž๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ(3), ๋Œ€๋‡Œ์ขŒ์šฐ ์šฐ์„ธ์„ฑ(3)์œผ - 40 -


๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ <ํ‘œโ…ข-2>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ข-2> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ธก์ •๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์ˆ˜ Cronbachโ€™s ฮฑ ๊ธ€์ž์ธ์‹ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 5 0.796 ๊ตฌ์–ด๊ธฐ์ˆ  6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 6 0.871 ์“ฐ๊ธฐ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 5 0.907 ์ง€๋Šฅ 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 5 0.621 ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด 22, 23, 24, 25 4 0.814 ์Œ์šด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 26, 27, 28 3 0.855 ์ž๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ 29, 30, 31 3 0.673 ๋Œ€๋‡Œ์ขŒ์šฐ ์šฐ์„ธ์„ฑ 32, 33, 34 3 0.614 ์ „์ฒด 34 0.936 b. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์„ ํ–‰๋œ ์˜ฅ๋ณต๋…€(2010)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(๋ถ€๋ก). 1 โ€˜์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹คโ€™๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5 โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹คโ€™์˜ Likert 5์  ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์ด 28๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ์€ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„(10), ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ(10), ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ(8)๋กœ ์ด28๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” <ํ‘œโ…ข-3>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. - 41 -


<ํ‘œโ…ข-3> ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„

๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 1, 2*, 3*, 4, 5, 6*, 7*, 8, 9, 10 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 16 ,17 ,18, 19, 20 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ 26, 27, 28 ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ „์ฒด * ์—ญ๋ฌธํ•ญ

๋ฌธํ•ญ์ˆ˜ Cronbachโ€™s ฮฑ 10 0.901 10

0.866

8

0.868

28

0.918

c. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์„ ํ–‰๋œ ์ด์ข…์ฒ (2006)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์„ค ๋ฌธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(๋ถ€๋ก). 1 โ€˜์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹คโ€™๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5 โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹คโ€™์˜ Likert 5์  ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์ด 35๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์€ ์ธ์ง€์  ์š”์ธ (15), ๊ฐ์ •์  ์š”์ธ(15), ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ(5)๋กœ ์ด 35๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ<ํ‘œโ…ข-4>๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

- 42 -


<ํ‘œโ…ข-4> ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์ˆ˜ Cronbachโ€™s ฮฑ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ์ธ์ง€์  ์š”์ธ 15 0.941 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 ๊ฐ์ •์  ์š”์ธ 23,16,24,17,25,18,26,19,27,20,28,21,29,22,30 15 0.933 ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ

31, 32, 33, 34, 35 ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ „์ฒด

5

0.842

35

0.968

d. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์„ ํ–‰๋œ ์˜ฅ๋ณต๋…€(2010)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์„ค ๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(๋ถ€๋ก). 1 โ€˜์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹คโ€™๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5 โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹คโ€™์˜ Likert 5์  ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์ด 28๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ด€๊ณ„ (7), ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„(8), ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™(7), ํ•™๊ต๊ทœ์น™(6)์œผ๋กœ ์ด28๊ฐœ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ <ํ‘œโ…ข-5>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

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<ํ‘œโ…ข-5> ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ

๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ

๊ต์‚ฌ๊ด€๊ณ„

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

7

0.665

๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15

8

0.843

ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™

16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22

7

0.685

ํ•™๊ต๊ทœ์น™

23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28

6

0.737

28

0.863

ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์ „์ฒด

๋ฌธํ•ญ์ˆ˜ Cronbachโ€™s ฮฑ

๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์šฉ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ(์†กํ™์ค€, ์™ธ 2015)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š”, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค(๋ถ€๋ก). ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•ด ํ‰๊ท  4.6%~5%์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” 19๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด 84๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” 2016๋…„ 11์›” 21์ผ~22์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์ธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋™ ์˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์— ๋ฐฐ์ •๋œ ์ธ์›์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ข…๋ฃŒ ํ›„์— ๊ต์‹ค์— ์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€์™€ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜ - 44 -


๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๋“ฑ 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 60๋ถ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ผ. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์„ ๋ณ„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 5์ ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ˜„์ƒ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„์€ ์›์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ [0-39.86], ์ €์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ[39.87-47.20], ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ[47.21-54.54], ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ตฐ[54.55 ์ด์ƒ]์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜ ์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ <ํ‘œโ…ข-6>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์ €์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ตฐ ์ „์ฒด

<ํ‘œโ…ข-6> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์›์ ์ˆ˜ ๋นˆ๋„ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ํ•ด์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ 0โˆผ39.86 191 50.5 ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ์•Š์Œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธ 39.87โˆผ47.20 103 27.2 ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๋ณด์ž„ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ 47.21โˆผ54.54 47 12.4 ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณด์ž„ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ 54.55 ์ด์ƒ 37 9.8 ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ™•์ • 378 100 -

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ์ธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ 191๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ตฐ 84๋ช… ์„ ํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. - 45 -


๋งˆ. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ SPSS Statistics 21.0์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ธก์ •๋ฌธํ•ญ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ด์  ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” Cronbach's ฮฑ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ธก์ •๋ฌธํ•ญ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž ๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํ™•์ธ๊ณผ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ ๊ท€๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์œ„๊ณ„์  ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ F -๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

- 46 -


2. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ(์—ฐ๊ตฌ2) ๊ฐ€. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ 00์‹œ์˜ 11๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์•„๋™์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ 243 ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž 141๋ช…, ์—ฌ์ž 102๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋ฉด 1ํ•™๋…„์ด 29๋ช…, 2ํ•™๋…„์ด 37๋ช…, 3ํ•™๋…„์ด 51๋ช…, 4ํ•™๋…„์ด 28๋ช…, 5ํ•™๋…„์ด 53 ๋ช…, 6ํ•™๋…„์ด 45๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” 104๋ช…์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€ ๊ณ  ๋‚จ์ž 57๋ช…, ์—ฌ์ž47๋ช…์œผ๋กœ 1ํ•™๋…„ 12๋ช…, 2ํ•™๋…„ 23๋ช…, 3ํ•™๋…„ 24๋ช…, 4ํ•™ ๋…„ 13๋ช…, 5ํ•™๋…„ 25๋ช…, 6ํ•™๋…„ 7๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์ด40๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์ž 28๋ช…, ์—ฌ์ž 12๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  1ํ•™๋…„ 2๋ช…, 2ํ•™๋…„ 15๋ช…, 3ํ•™๋…„ 9๋ช…, 4ํ•™๋…„ 5๋ช…, 5 ํ•™๋…„ 6๋ช…, 6ํ•™๋…„ 3๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ยท์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ผ์ •์€ <ํ‘œโ…ข-7>์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ข-7> ๋Œ€์ƒํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ยท์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ผ์ • ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ „์ฒด ํ•™์ƒ ์ˆ˜ ์ผ์‹œ ๋‚จ์ž 141๋ช… ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 243๋ช… 4/12 ~ 4/28 ์—ฌ์ž 102๋ช… ๋‚จ์ž 57๋ช… ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ 104๋ช… 5/2 ~ 5/30 ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์—ฌ์ž 47๋ช… ๋‚จ์ž 28๋ช… ํ›ˆ๋ จ 40๋ช… 7/27 ~ 8/19 ์—ฌ์ž 12๋ช… ๋‚จ์ž 28๋ช… ์ค‘์žฌ ํ›„ 40๋ช… 8/22 ~ 8/24 ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์—ฌ์ž 12๋ช… - 47 -


๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ธ์›์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ธ์›์ด ์ ์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ„ ํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด 104๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ ์ทจ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 40๋ช…์„ ์ตœ์ข…์  ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” <ํ‘œ โ…ข-8>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œ โ…ข-8> ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ธ์›(๋ช…) ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ „ ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ›„ ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ดˆ1

์ดˆ2

์ดˆ3

ํ•™๋…„ ์ดˆ4 ์ดˆ5

29

37

51

28

53

45

243

12

23

24

13

25

7

104

2

15

9

5

6

3

40

์ดˆ6

ํ•ฉ๊ณ„

๋‚˜. ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ a. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋กใ€Œ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธใ€๋Š” ์ด 27๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(๊น€์œค์˜ฅ ์™ธ, 2014). ์ฆ‰, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๋ณ€๋ณ„์— ์ค‘ - 48 -


์š”ํ•œ ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ์ฒ ์ž 10๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ž๋™์„ฑ 5๋ฌธํ•ญ, ๋… ํ•ด 2๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์  ํšจ๊ณผ 2๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์ขŒ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์šฐ์„ธ์„ฑ 3๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์ง€๋Šฅ 2๋ฌธ ํ•ญ, ์žฌ๋Šฅ 1๋ฌธํ•ญ, ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 1๋ฌธํ•ญ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ 1๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค 3์  ์ฒ™๋„์ด๋ฉฐ, โ€˜์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€™ 1์ , โ€˜์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹คโ€™ 2์ , โ€˜๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹คโ€™ 3์  ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ตœ์ € 27์ ์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 81์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์›์ ์ˆ˜์ด์ž ์ด์  ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ง€์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜์›์ ์ˆ˜โ€™ ๋ž€์— ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์›์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋””์— ํ•ด ๋‹น๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  โ€œ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉโ€, โ€œ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ €์œ„ํ—˜ ์˜์‹ฌโ€, โ€œ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์˜์‹ฌโ€, โ€œ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ ํ•ฉโ€ ์ค‘ ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋น„๊ฒ€ ์‚ฌ์—์„œ Cronbach a ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ถ€์ง„ํ•™์ƒ .92, ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ณดํ†ต์„ฑ์ทจํ•™์ƒ .95, ๋ฐ ์ „์ฒดํ•™์ƒ .97๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ์„œ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ1์˜ ๋‚œ๋… ์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ <ํ‘œโ…ข-9>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์›์ ์ˆ˜ ํŒ์ •

<ํ‘œโ…ข-9> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ 38์ดํ•˜ 39~42 43~57 ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ์ €์œ„ํ—˜ ์˜์‹ฌ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์˜์‹ฌ

- 49 -

58์ด์ƒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ ํ•ฉ


b. ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(KOLRA)์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ์ฝ ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  BASA ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€ ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ›„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์žฌ์ „ํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” <ํ‘œโ…ข-10> ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ข-10> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ

์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ KOLRA ํ•ด๋…(์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธ ์ฒ ์ž) BASA ์ฝ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ KOLRA ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด ์ขŒ ์šฐ์ธก ๊ท€ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ขŒ ์šฐ์ธก ๊ท€ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

KOLRA ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ดํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 1~6ํ•™๋…„ ์•„๋™์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ ๋ฉฐ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ์„ธ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , - 50 -


๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์ฝ๊ธฐ ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์šฉํƒ€ ๋‹น๋„๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ 1~5์  ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ท  4.3์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์šฉํƒ€๋‹น๋„์™€ BASA, KISE-BATT์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€๋Š” r-.726์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๊ณต์ธํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค (๋ฐฐ์†Œ์˜ ์™ธ, 2015). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ <ํ‘œโ…ข-11>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ข-11> KOLRA ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(ํ•ด๋…, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด) ๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ‘œ์ค€์ ์ˆ˜

10~70

71~ 90

90์ด์ƒ

ํŒ์ •

์‹ฌํ•œ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ง„

์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ง„

์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ

BASA ์ฝ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ณค๋ž€์ด๋‚˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค(๊น€๋™์ผ, 2006). ๊ทœ์ค€์€ 3ํ•™๋…„ ๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์‹ ์  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 3ํ•™๋…„ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ • ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์ ์žฅ์•  ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ˆ˜์•„๋™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3ํ•™๋…„์— ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฌด๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 1ํ•™๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ 1๋ถ„์”ฉ 3ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŒ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ <ํ‘œโ…ข-12>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. - 51 -


<ํ‘œโ…ข-12> BASA ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œ„ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ 95% ์ดˆ๊ณผ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ 85% ์ดˆ๊ณผ 95% ์ดํ•˜ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„ 15% ์ดˆ๊ณผ 85% ์ดํ•˜ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„ 5% ์ดˆ๊ณผ 15% ์ดํ•˜ 5๋‹จ๊ณ„ 5% ์ดํ•˜

ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ง€๋„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ง€๋„ ํ•„์š”

c. ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด์Œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœ์Œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋…น์Œ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(์ด์ •ํ•™ ์™ธ, 2010). ๋ณดํ†ต์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ธ 50dB ํฌ ๊ธฐ๋กœ 50๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž์”ฉ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •ํ™•๋„์— ์„œ ์ขŒ/์šฐ์ธก ๋ชจ๋‘ 92% ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋กœ์„œ ์Œ์†Œ, ์Œ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์†Œ์Œ ์ค‘์— ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” 1์Œ์ ˆ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ—ค๋“œํฐ์„ ์“ด ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด ์šฉ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŒ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ <ํ‘œโ…ข-13>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. - 52 -


<ํ‘œโ…ข-13> ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์›์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€

๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜ ๋ฏธ๋‹ฌ 92% ์ดํ•˜ ์ •๋‹ต์œจ

๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜ ๋„๋‹ฌ 92% ์ด์ƒ ์ •๋‹ต์œจ

์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’๋‹ค, ๋‚ฎ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ขŒ์šฐ์ธก ๊ท€์˜ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์Œ์šด ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์šด์œจ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ค๋ ค ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋“ค๋ ค์ค€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ๋“ค๋ ค์ค€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚ฎ ์•„์กŒ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ—ค๋“œํฐ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€์ด(๋†’๋‚ฎ์ด)๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ <ํ‘œโ…ข-14>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ข-14> ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์›์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€

๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜ ๋ฏธ๋‹ฌ 25% ์ด์ƒ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์œจ

๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜ ๋„๋‹ฌ 25% ์ดํ•˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์œจ

๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€๋„์‚ฌ, ์–ธ์–ด์žฌํ™œ์‚ฌ ์ž„์ƒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด 2016๋…„ 5์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 9์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€ ๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ณ„๋œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ - 53 -


ํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์žฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„ ์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” 2016๋…„ 4/12~28์ผ๊นŒ ์ง€ ์ „์ฒดํ•™์ƒ 243๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ 58 ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ 56๋ช…์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜์—ฌ 5/2~30์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 104๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ 40๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 7/27~8/19์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ 13ํšŒ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 8/22~24์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ „ ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์žฌ์ „ํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น๊ตฐ์ด 5๋ช…, ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด 23๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ด์ƒ์ด 14.41% 35๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ์€ 76.13% 185๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์•„๋™์„ผํ„ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ํ•œ ๋ถ€ ๋ชจ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ์•„๋™์˜ ํ•™์Šต์— ์ง€์›์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™ ์ƒ 243๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” <ํ‘œ โ…ข-15>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œ โ…ข-15> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ธ์›์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ

ํ•ด๋‹น๊ตฐ 5๋ช… 2.06%

๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ €์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ 30๋ช… 23๋ช… 12.35% 9.46%

์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ 185๋ช… 76.13%

ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ 243๋ช… 100%

๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ์•ž์„œ ๋จผ์ € ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋“์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด - 54 -


์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์•„๋™์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ โ€˜๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์˜ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ ํ•˜์— ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ข…๊ฒฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์ •์€ <ํ‘œโ…ข-16>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ข-16> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ค‘์žฌ์ผ์ • ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋‚ด์—ญ(2016๋…„) 4์›” 5์›” 6์›” ์ถ”์ง„์ผ์ • 7์›” 8์›” 9์›” 10์›” ์ง€์—ญ์•„๋™์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ์„ ์ • ์ฝ๊ธฐํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ค‘์žฌ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์ž๊ทนํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ž๋ฃŒ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ›„ ์‹ฌํ™”๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€ ์ˆ˜์ง‘

๋ผ. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์Œ ์šด์ธ์‹ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ํ•ด๋…์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ์ฒญ์ง€ ๊ฐ์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜ - 55 -


์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์Œ์†Œ์ธ์‹๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์ด๋ก ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์šด ์ธ์‹(์Œ์ ˆ ๋ฐ ์Œ์†Œ์˜ ๋ถ„์ ˆ, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ)ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ•ด๋…์—์„œ๋Š” ์Œ์šด๋ณ€๋™๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋น  ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ณจ์ „๋„ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํ—ค๋“œํฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณจ์ „๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งคํšŒ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋™์‹œ ํ•œํŽธ์„ ์™ธ์›Œ์™€์„œ ์•”์†กํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •์„œ์ˆœํ™”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ์–ต ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ „๋žต์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งคํšŒ ๋งˆ ๋‹ค ์ฝ๊ธฐํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚˜๋‚ ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ”ผ ๋“œ๋ฐฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

[๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ข-2] ์ฝ๊ธฐํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋„๊ตฌ - 56 -


์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ์ž๊ทนํ›ˆ๋ จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์˜ ์Œ์šด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žํ•ด๋…์— ์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์ง€์—ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹จ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ(์ „์ •/์™€์šฐ)๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ Gating/Filtering ๋œ ์Œ์•…์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ƒ์ด ์˜ˆ์ธก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๋“ค๋ ค ์ฃผ์–ด ์ค‘์ด์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์šด๋™์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ์ž๊ทนํ›ˆ๋ จ ์‹œ์— ์ถ” ๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋‹ฌ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐธ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  3๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ๊ณ  ํŒ”์„ ๋ฒŒ๋ฆฐ ์ฑ„ ์„œ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์ „์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜ ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์˜์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

[๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ข-3] ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋„๊ตฌ - 57 -


No. 2

<ํ‘œโ…ข-17> ์ค‘์žฌํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ผ์ง€(์˜ˆ์‹œ) ์ค‘์žฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ผ์ง€

(2ํšŒ๊ธฐ)

์„ฑ ๋ช… โ—‹โ—‹โ—‹ ๋‚  ์งœ 2016๋…„ 8์›” 0์ผ(9:30~11:30) ์žฅ ์†Œ 00์ง€์—ญ์•„๋™์„ผํ„ฐ(๋„์„œ์‹ค) ์ถœ์„์ธ์› 20 ๋ช… ยท ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ž๊ทน ํ›ˆ๋ จ(๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ) - Tomatis Method 2 DAY - ๋“ฃ๊ธฐํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งŒ๋‹ค๋ผ ์ƒ‰์น ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ™œ๋™ - ๋ฐธ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ํ›ˆ๋ จ: 3๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„ ๋ˆˆ๊ฐ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(15cm) ยท ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ต ์œก - ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์Œ์ ˆ์ธ์‹ ๋‚ด ์šฉ - ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์Œ์ ˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์žˆ๋‚˜? - ๋†€์ด ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์Œ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์ ˆ, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ยท ์ฝ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ํ›ˆ๋ จ(ํ‘œํ˜„ํ›ˆ๋ จ) - ๋™์‹œ์•”์†ก: ๊ฐ€์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—ฐ(ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ „), ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฌผ - /ใ…‚/ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋‹จ์–ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ๊ธฐ(์ดˆ์„ฑ) - ๋‹จ์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šต(์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๊ธฐ) ooosten, Balance Bord, ooobrain, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ๋…ธํŠธ, ์ค€๋น„๋ฌผ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋‹ค ์š”์ˆ ์ฑ…, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ง์นด๋“œ, ์ž์„๊ธ€์žํŒ, ๋™์‹œ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์•„๋™ ํŠน ์ด - ์•„๋™๋“ค์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ ํ•ญ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„. ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ•์˜ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2016๋…„ 0์›” 00์ผ ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ: (์„œ๋ช…) - 58 -


๋งˆ. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์ž๊ทน ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ, ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ, ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ T๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

- 59 -


โ…ฅ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1. ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ€. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝํ‘œ๋ณธ t-๊ฒ€์ฆ(T-test)๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-1>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™์—… ์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ, ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ „ ์ฒด์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=3.539, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ (M=3.05)์ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ(M=2.69)๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ  ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=5.539, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(M=3.59) ์ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ(M=3.15)๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=6.770, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(M=4.14)์ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ(M=3.48)๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ „ ์ฒด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ - 60 -


๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=6.861, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(M=3.60)์ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ (M=3.11)๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-1 > ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ „์ฒด ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ

N

191 84 191 84 191 84 191 84

M

3.05 2.69 3.59 3.15 4.14 3.48 3.60 3.11

SD

0.767 0.823 0.607 0.624 0.719 0.811 0.535 0.568

(N =275)

t 3.539*** 5.539*** 6.770*** 6.861***

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05,

***

๋‚˜. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ ์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝํ‘œ๋ณธ t-๊ฒ€์ฆ(T-test)๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค ์Œ์˜ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-2>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์ธ์ง€์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ๊ฐ์ • ์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=-5.536, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(M=2.15)๋ณด๋‹ค - 61 -


๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ(M=2.77)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ •์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=-6.087, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(M=1.71)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘ ๋‹จ(M=2.29)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์ผ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=-8.035, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ (M=1.68)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ (M=2.49)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ „์ฒด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ (t=-7.116, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(M=1.85)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ(M=2.52) ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-2> ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์ธ์ง€์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ๊ฐ์ •์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ „์ฒด ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ

N

191 84 191 84 191 84 191 84

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05,

***

- 62 -

M

2.15 2.77 1.71 2.29 1.69 2.49 1.85 2.52

SD

0.829 0.908 0.722 0.766 0.719 0.862 0.688 0.785

(N =275)

t

-5.536*** -6.087*** -8.035*** -7.116***


๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์—์„œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝํ‘œ๋ณธ t-๊ฒ€์ฆ(T-test)๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-3>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„, ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™, ํ•™์Šต๊ทœ์น™, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์˜ ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=-9.192, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(M=1.28) ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ(M=2.03)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ ๋‹ค. ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=-10.086, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(M=1.16)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ(M=1.71)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=-7.918, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ (M=1.89)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ (M=2.56)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต๊ทœ์น™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ (t=-6.639, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(M=1.26)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ(M=1.70) ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ ๋ฉฐ (t=-11.411, p<.001), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ(M=1.40)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ (M=2.00)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

- 63 -


<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-3> ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์Šต๊ทœ์น™ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์ „์ฒด ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ

N

191 84 191 84 191 84 191 84 191 84

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05,

***

- 64 -

M

1.28 2.03 1.16 1.71 1.89 2.56 1.26 1.70 1.40 2.00

SD

0.436 0.931 0.272 0.638 0.606 0.726 0.438 0.633 0.313 0.561

(N =378)

t -9.192*** -10.086** *

-7.918*** -6.639*** -11.411** *


2. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฐ€. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ด ํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์— ์•ž์„œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ถฉ์กฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž”์ฐจ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๋‹จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ€์„ค ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋“ฑ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, DWํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ ์€ 1.859๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜ 2์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ VIF ํ†ต ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ด 10 ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ , ๊ณต์ฐจ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์น˜๊ฐ€ 0.1 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ <ํ‘œ โ…ฅ-4>์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

- 65 -


<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-4> ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ

๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ (์ƒ์ˆ˜)

๊ณต์„ ์„ฑํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋Ÿ‰ B ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” t-value p-value ฮฒ ๊ณต์ฐจ VIF 4.730 - 22.865*** .000

๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„ -.059 ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ .060 ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ -.688 ๎€‘๎€ต

-.061

-1.177

.240

.685 1.459

.050

.918

.359

.627 1.596

-.711

14.976***

.000

.811 1.233

=.505, ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๎€‘ =.500, F =92.299(df1=3, df2=271), p=.000 ๎€ต

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05, DW=1.859

***

๋ณธ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ 50.0%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ ์ค‘, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ๋งŒ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ(ฮฒ=-.711, t=-14.976, p<.001)์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ํ†ต ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ ๋‚œ์ด๋„์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ฏธ - 66 -


์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„ ์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-5>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ 43.0%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ(ฮฒ=-.651, p<.001)์š”์ธ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ 42.5%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘, ์ž ์‹ ๊ฐ(ฮฒ=-.696, p<.001)์š”์ธ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-5> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ

์ผ ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฐ ๊ณ  ์œ„ ํ—˜ ๊ตฐ

๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ

B -.087 .071 -.623 -.005 .147 -.674

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05

***

ฮฒ

-.097 .063 -.651 -.005 .116 -.696

t -1.502 .950 -11.008*** -.052 1.128 -7.892***

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p R2(adj.) F .135 .439 48.696*** .343 (.430) .000 .959 .446 21.458*** .263 (.425) .000


๋‚˜. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ถฉ์กฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž”์ฐจ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๋‹จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋“ฑ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, DWํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์€ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šฐ๋ฉด ์ธ์ ‘ ์˜ค์ฐจํ•ญ๊ฐ„์— ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜ ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, 2์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šฐ๋ฉด ์˜ค์ฐจํ•ญ๊ฐ„์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฐ’ ์ด 4์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šฐ๋ฉด ์ธ์ ‘ ์˜ค์ฐจํ•ญ๊ฐ„์— ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, DWํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ด 1.749๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜ 2์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋… ๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ VIF ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ด 10 ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ , ๊ณต์ฐจ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์น˜ ๊ฐ€ 0.1 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-6>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

- 68 -


<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-6> ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘

๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜

ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ฮฒ t-value p-value

B

๊ณต์„ ์„ฑํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต์ฐจ VIF

(์ƒ์ˆ˜) 2.996 - 18.592*** .000 ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„ -.082 -.134 -2.100* .037 .685 1.459 ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ -.107 -.140 -2.096* .037 .627 1.596 ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ -.204 -.335 -5.692*** .000 .811 1.233 ๎€‘ =.239, ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๎€‘ =.231, F =28.403(df1=3, df2=271), p =.000 ๎€ต

๎€ต

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05, DW=1.749

***

๋ณธ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ 23.1%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ ์ค‘, ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘, ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„(ฮฒ =-.134, t=-2.100, p<.05)๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ํ•™ ๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ(ฮฒ=-.140, t=-2.096, p<.05)์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ - 69 -


์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž‘ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ(ฮฒ=-.335, t=-5.692, p<.001)์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ์š” ์ธ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ ๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜ ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™ ์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜ ์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-7>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ 17.8%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘, ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„(ฮฒ =-.205, p<.01), ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ(ฮฒ=-.253, p<.01)์š”์ธ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์ธ ๊ณผ ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ 13.6%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ(ฮฒ=-.210, p<.01)์š”์ธ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

- 70 -


<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-7> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘

์ผ ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฐ ๊ณ  ์œ„ ํ—˜ ๊ตฐ

๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ

B -.084 -.057 -.110 -.074 -.016 -.145

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05

***

ฮฒ

-.205 -.110 -.253 -.108 -.018 -.270

t -2.650** -1.388 -3.570*** -.838 -.131 -2.840**

p R2(adj.) F .009 .167 .000 .405 .896 .002

.191 14.723*** (.178) .170 7.022*** (.136)

๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€ ์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ถฉ ์กฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž”์ฐจ์˜ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๋‹จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋“ฑ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, DWํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์€ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šฐ๋ฉด ์ธ์ ‘ ์˜ค์ฐจํ•ญ๊ฐ„์— ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, 2์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šฐ๋ฉด ์˜ค์ฐจํ•ญ ๊ฐ„์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฐ’์ด 4์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šฐ - 71 -


๋ฉด ์ธ์ ‘ ์˜ค์ฐจํ•ญ๊ฐ„์— ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, DWํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ด 1.716์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜ 2์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์—ฌ VIF ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ด 10 ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ , ๊ณต์ฐจ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์น˜๊ฐ€ 0.1 ์ด์ƒ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-8>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-8> ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘

๊ณต์„ ์„ฑํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต์ฐจ VIF (์ƒ์ˆ˜) .982 - 13.910*** .000 - ์ธ์ง€ .108 .198 2.096* .037 .286 3.493 ๊ฐ์ • .193 .308 2.995** .003 .242 4.137 ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  .253 .438 5.146*** .000 .353 2.832 ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๎€‘ =.308, ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๎€‘ =.300, F =40.162(df1=3, df2=271), p =.000 ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜

๎€ต

ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ฮฒ t-value p-value

B

๎€ต

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05, DW=1.749

***

๋ณธ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์ธ ์ธ์ง€, ๊ฐ์ •, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ 30.0%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ ์ค‘, ์ธ์ง€, ๊ฐ์ •, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— - 72 -


์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘, ์ธ์ง€(ฮฒ=.198, t=2.096, p<.05)๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๋†’์—ฌ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ •(ฮฒ=.308, t=2.995, p<.01)์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€ ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ํ•™ ๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๋†’์—ฌ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ(ฮฒ=.438, t=5.146, p<.001)์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์  ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ๋†’์—ฌ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ๊ฐ์ •, ์ธ์ง€์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ ํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-9>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์ธ ์ธ์ง€, ๊ฐ์ •, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ 23.4%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘, ๊ฐ์ •(ฮฒ=.221, p<.01), ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ(ฮฒ =.317, p<.01)์š”์ธ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ์ธ ์ธ์ง€, ๊ฐ์ •, ์ผ ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ 15.0%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, - 73 -


๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ์ธ์ง€(ฮฒ=.485, p<.05), ๊ฐ์ •(ฮฒ=.442, p<.05), ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ(ฮฒ=.338, p<.05)์š”์ธ์ด ํ•™ ๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-9> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜: ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘

์ผ ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฐ ๊ณ  ์œ„ ํ—˜ ๊ตฐ

๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ์ • ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ์ • ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ** *

p<.001, p<.01, p<.05

***

B .003 .106 .138 .300 .324 .220

ฮฒ

.008 .221 .317 .485 .442 .338

t 0.070 2.775* 3.323** 2.612* 2.364* 2.151*

- 74 -

p R2(adj.) F .944 .017 .001 .011 .020 .038

.246 20.329** (.234) .181 6.884*** (.150)


3. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ค‘ ์™ธ์ƒ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 1๊ฐœ, ๋‚ด์ƒ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 2๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ์ƒ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ด ์ƒ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ๊ฒ€์ •๋˜์—ˆ ๋Š”๋ฐ, AMOS 20.0์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ„์‚ฐ ํ–‰๋ ฌ (covariance matrix)์ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์šฐ๋„์ถ”์ •(MLE: Maximum Likelihood Estimation)์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถ”์ •๋ฒ•์ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€. ์ „์ฒด์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ด์šฉ๋œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๋Š” <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-10>์— ์ œ ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด X2=225.270(p=.000, df=32), GFI=.861, AGFI=.761, CFI=.870, NFI=.853, IFI=.871, TLI=.817, RMR=.047๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ •์€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ(๋ถ€์ , ์ •์ )์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ์ถ”๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ช…์‹œ - 75 -


<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-10> ์ „์ฒด์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ ๎‚ฒ๎€ต (p) df GFI AGFI CFI NFI IFI TLI RMR 225.270 32 .861 .761 .870 .853 .871 .817 .047 (p=0.000) ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๋•Œ ์„ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ก ์  ์ถ”๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ โ€˜์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅโ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ธก ๊ฒ€ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(์ดํ•™์‹ใƒป์ž„์ง€ํ›ˆ, 2007). <ํ‘œ โ…ฅ-11> ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ t-value ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐโ†’์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ

-0.880

.304

๎† ๎€น ๎“๎€ต๎€ป๎€น ๎ƒ ๎ƒ ๎ƒ

ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐโ†’ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ -0.334

.223

๎† ๎€ต ๎“๎€ต๎€ด๎€ป ๎ƒ

.086

๎€ต ๎“๎€ถ๎€ด๎€น๎ƒ

์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆโ†’ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘

0.320

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05

***

โ€˜ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ -.880(t-๊ฐ’=-6.286, p<.001)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ ๋‹ค. โ€˜ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ -.334(t-๊ฐ’=-2.218, p<.05)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜ - 76 -


์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ .320(t-๊ฐ’=2.316, p<.05)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

[๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ฅ-1] ์ „์ฒด์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ•  ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์ ์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ์ถ”์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ณฑํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ต ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค(์šฐ์ข…ํ•„, 2012). ์ตœ์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ถ„ํ•ด(effect decomposition) ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ(direct effect)์™€ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ(indirect effect) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ(total effect)๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-12>์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. - 77 -


<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-12> ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ดํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ p ๊ฐ„์ ‘ p ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ p ๊ฒฝ ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์  ํ•™๊ต ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐโ†’ ๋ถ€์ ์‘ -0.334 .021 -0.258 .031 -0.593 .004 โ€˜ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ(๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜=-.334, p<.05), ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ(๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜=-.258, p<.05), ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ(๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜=-.593, p<.01)๋กœ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Baron & Kenny(1986)๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ sobel test ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ a, ํ‘œ์ค€์˜ค์ฐจ sa์™€ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ b, ํ‘œ์ค€์˜ค์ฐจ sb๋ฅผ ์ด ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ z๊ฐ’์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค(Baron & Kenny, 1986). sobel test์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” z๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์€ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™ ๋‹ค.

- 78 -


<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-13> ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ(sobel-test) ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ (Z-valu***e) -2.181 ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ โ†’ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ โ†’ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ (p=.030) (p<.05)

p<.001

***

sobel test ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-13>์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค ๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” Z=-2.181, p=.030์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€ ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋‚˜. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์  ์‘๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ด์šฉ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๋Š” <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-14>์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด X2=251.124(p=.000, df=64), GFI=.850, AGFI=.742, CFI=.835, NFI=.795, IFI=.839, TLI=.768, RMR=.051๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

- 79 -


<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-14> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ ๎‚ฒ๎€ต (p) df GFI AGFI CFI NFI IFI TLI RMR 251.124 64 .850 .742 .835 .795 .839 .768 .051 (p=0.000) ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ โ€˜ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค.โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ -.776(t-๊ฐ’=-4.931, p<.001)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค ์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ โ€˜ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ -.328(t-๊ฐ’=-1.649, p>.05) ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ โ€˜์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ .340(t-๊ฐ’=1.998, p<.05)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-15> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ

ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์˜ค์ฐจ

t-value

ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ โ†’์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ

-0.776

0.353

-4.931

ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ โ†’ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘

-0.328

0.151

-1.649

์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ โ†’ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘

0.340

0.061

1.998

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05

***

- 80 -


[๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ฅ-2] ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜ ๋‹ค<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-15>. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-16> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ดํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ p ๊ฐ„์ ‘ p ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ p ๊ฒฝ ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ -0.328 .276 -0.264 .047 -0.593 .001 โ†’ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ โ€˜ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์€ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ(๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜=-.328, p>.05), ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ํšจ๊ณผ (๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜=-.264, p<.05), ์ดํšจ๊ณผ(๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜=-.593, p<.01)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ - 81 -


๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Baron & Kenny(1986)๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ sobel test ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. sobel test ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-17>์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€ ์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” Z=-1.748, p=0.040์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-17> ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ โ†’์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆโ†’ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ p<.001

***

- 82 -

๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ (Z-value) -1.748*** (p=.040) (p<.001)


๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ โ€˜ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ -.163(t-๊ฐ’=-1.264, p>.05) ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ โ€˜ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ถ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ -.119(t-๊ฐ’=-0.924, p>.05)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์—์„œ โ€˜์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€™ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ .433(t-๊ฐ’=2.820, p<.01)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-18>๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ํ‘œ์ค€ t-value ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ

p

ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ โ†’์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ

-0.163

0.200

-1.264

.206

ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ โ†’ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘

-0.119

0.110

-0.924

.356

์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ โ†’ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘

0.433

0.085

2.820

.005

p<.001, **p<.01, *p<.05

***

- 83 -


[๊ทธ๋ฆผโ…ฅ-3] ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œ ํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ด ํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-19>. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-19> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ, ์ดํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ p ๊ฐ„์ ‘ p ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ p ๊ฒฝ ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ -0.119 .604 -0.071 .248 -0.189 .362 โ†’ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ โ€˜ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€ ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ(๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ - 84 -


=-.119, =-.189,

p>.05), ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ(๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜=-.071, p>.05), ์ดํšจ๊ณผ(๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ p>.05)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ

๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ•  ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Baron & Kenny(1986)๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ sobel test ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. sobel test ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-20>์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋Š” Z=-1.154, p=0.124๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-20> ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ (sobel-test) ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ (Z-value) -1.154 ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ โ†’์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ โ†’ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ (p=.124) (p>.05) - 85 -


4. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ, ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ ๋ ฅ, ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ํ›„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ T๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-21>์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(KOLRA)๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์ฒ ์ž ํ•ด๋… (t=-6.235, p<.001)๊ณผ ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธ์ฒ ์ž ํ•ด๋…(t=-8.329, p<.001) ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ „์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‚ฌํ›„์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ธ BASA(Basic Academic Skills Assessment)๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์‚ฌํ›„์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด(t=-4.750, p<.001) ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์„œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-21> ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ (n=40) (n=40) ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ t M SD M SD ์˜๋ฏธ์ฒ ์ž 31.33 6.178 36.03 2.806 -6.235*** ํ•ด๋… KOLRA ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธ *** ์ฒ ์žํ•ด๋… 26.93 8.135 34.23 4.197 -8.329 ์ผ๊ธฐ 957.08 268.52 1153.20 241.80 -8.042*** BASA ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ *** p<.001 - 86 -


์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ํ›„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜ ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ T๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-22>์— ์ œ์‹œ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด (t=-6.283, p<.001)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-22> ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ (n=40) (n=40) ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ t M SD M SD ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด 6.33 3.925 9.55 4.540 -6.283*** *** p<.001

์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ํ›„์— ํ•œ ์Œ์ ˆ ์–ด์Œ์„ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„๋“ฃ๋Š” ์–ด ์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ T๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-23>์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ขŒ์ธก ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ(t=-7.813, p<.001) ๊ณผ ์šฐ์ธก ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ(t=-8.026, p<.001)๋กœ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ ์ด์ (t=-9.183, p<.001) ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ฌํ›„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

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<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-23> ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ (n=40) (n=40) ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ t M SD M SD ์ขŒ์ธก ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ 82.20 7.750 90.40 3.740 -7.813*** ์šฐ์ธก ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ 81.50 8.555 92.00 3.266 -8.026*** ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ ์ด์  163.70 14.818 182.40 5.587 -9.183*** *** p<.001

์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ํ›„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ ์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ T๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ <ํ‘œโ…ฅ-24>์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ขŒ์ธก ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ฌํ›„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ  ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด (t=11.493, p<.001)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ธก์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(t=8.188, p<.001). ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ด์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‚ฌํ›„์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด (t=10.730, p<.001)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์ด(๋†’๋‚ฎ์ด)๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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<ํ‘œโ…ฅ-24> ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ (n=40) (n=40) ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ t M SD M SD ์ขŒ์ธก ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ 33.83 13.332 18.90 10.609 11.493*** ์šฐ์ธก ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ 31.45 13.767 18.52 11.108 8.188*** ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ์ด์  65.28 26.403 37.44 20.860 10.730*** *** p<.001 ***์˜ค๋ฅ˜์œจ 25% ์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„.

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โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋„˜์ณ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์†Œํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ๋ฆ„์—์„œ ๋‚™์˜ค์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ์œ ๋… ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ํ•™๋ น๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทน๋ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ž์กด๊ฐ ์ €ํ•˜, ๋ถ„๋…ธ, ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ ์ด์ฐจ์  ์ •์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜ ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋‚œ ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ด๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—… ์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ™” ๋˜์–ด ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ €ํ•˜์™€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด ์šฉ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด ์œ ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ฆ์ง„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ•๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์กฐ - 90 -


๊ธฐ์— ์ง„๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์„œ๋ถˆ ์•ˆ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ, ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ์ธ์ง€์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ๊ฐ์ •์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ์‹œ ํ—˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„ ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์ง€๋‚˜ ์น˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(์กฐ ์ˆ˜์ฒ  ์™ธ, 2001)๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„, ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™, ํ•™์Šต๊ทœ์น™, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ์ด ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•™์—…์  ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ , ๋”์šฑ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” Zimmerman, Bandura & Martinez Pons (1992)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€๋„ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•™์—…์  ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๋ชฉ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 2์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์ด ๊ธ์ • - 91 -


์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜ ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ์™€ ์ขŒ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„, ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์  ์‘์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์  ์‘์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›์ธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ • ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์ • ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ ๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์˜ ์ €์กฐํ•œ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Crystal, et al., 1994). ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 3์˜ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ „์ฒด์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•™ ์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ์—ญํ•  ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜ ๋ก ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์—…์  ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜ ๋Š”๋ฐ ํŠนํžˆ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Bouffard Bouchard, 1990). ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ  ์˜ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ - 92 -


๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ผ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 4๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ €ํ•˜์™€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด, ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ, ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์žฌํšจ ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ํ›„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ฒ ์žํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธ์ฒ ์žํ•ด๋…๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ „์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‚ฌํ›„์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€ ์‚ฌ์ธ BASA ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ „์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‚ฌํ›„์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ํ›„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ์ฒ ์ž ํ•ด๋…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธ์ฒ ์ž ํ•ด๋…์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™์€ ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธ๋‚ฑ๋ง์—์„œ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋น„์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž์†Œ์™€ ์Œ์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๊ทœ์น™์— ๋”ฐ ๋ผ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธ๋‚ฑ๋ง์—์„œ ์ž์†Œ-์Œ์†Œ ๋Œ€์‘์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(์œคํšจ์ง„, ๊น€ ๋ฏธ๋ฐฐ, ๋ฐฐ์†Œ์˜, 2011)๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์†Œ์™€ ์Œ์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๋†’ ์€ ํ‘œ์ธต์ฒด๊ณ„(shallow orthography)์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์ž์†Œ์™€ ์Œ์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๊ทœ - 93 -


์น™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์Œ์šดํ•ด๋…์ด ์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ž์†Œ์™€ ์Œ์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Marcolini, Burani, & Colombo, 2009). ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ํ›„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์„œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ด ํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ดํ•ด๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค (๊น€๋™์ผ, 2008)๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ํ›„ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ขŒ์ธก ๊ท€ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์šฐ์ธก ๊ท€ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ ์ทจ๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘ ์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Temple ๋“ฑ(2003)์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์› ์ธ ์ค‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์ง„ํญ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ์  ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ทจ์•ฝ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์†Œ ๋ถ„์ ˆ ๋ฐ ์Œ์†Œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ ํ›„ ์ขŒ์šฐ ์–‘์ธก ๊ท€์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ขŒ์ธก ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ(t=-7.813, p<.001)๊ณผ ์šฐ์ธก ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ (t=-8.026, p<.001)๊ณผ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ด์ (t=-9.183, p<.001)์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ฌํ›„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „ ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ขŒ์ธก์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šฐ์ธก์ด ๋” ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ - 94 -


ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ขŒ์ธก๊ท€์™€ ์šฐ์ธก๊ท€์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ๋…์ฆ๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์™€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์  ์ž‘์—… ๊ธฐ์–ต ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ, ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์šฐ ์ธก ๊ท€์˜ ์šฐ์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ณด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ขŒ์ธก๊ณผ ์šฐ์ธก ๊ท€์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ๋‚œ์ด๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถ”ํ›„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ขŒ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์Œ์„ฑ ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ์ทจ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‚œ์ด๋„์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ขŒ ์šฐ ์ธก ๊ท€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์šฐ์„ธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š” ๋ฐ, ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ƒํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ž„์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์†Œ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋งŽ ์€ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ƒ๋ช…์œค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์„ ๋œป ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ด์™ธ์— ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ฌ์ธต๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๋” ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„์ถœ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์กŒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์•„์‰ฌ์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์•„๋™์„ผํ„ฐ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์•„ ๋™์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„ ์•„๋™๋“ค์ด๋ผ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๋…„๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์—†์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ค‘์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. - 95 -


๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ํ•™์ƒ์ด 15๋ช… ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์—๋Š” 2๋ช…๋งŒ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ฒธ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™ ํ›ˆ ๋ จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™๋…„, ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•…์กฐ๊ฑด ์†์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ค‘์žฌ์ „ํ›„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ง€์—ญ์•„๋™์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ์ดํ›„ ์•„๋™๋“ค์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์— ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์”€์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์•„๋™์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์•„๋™์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์™ธ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ต ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ณผํ•™์ €๋„ <Science>์— ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ Oxford ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ Dorothy Bishop ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€˜๋ˆ„๊ฐ€โ€™, โ€˜๋ฌด์Šจโ€™ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (ํ•œ๊ฒจ๋ก€์‹ ๋ฌธ, 2011.8.2). ๋˜ํ•œ 2015๋…„ ์ œ2์˜ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€˜Kavli ์ƒ'์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ๋จธ์ œ๋‹ˆ์นœ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ €๋„ โ€˜Science'์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋…ผ ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ 8~12์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 2๋…„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด Ramus์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค(2003)์€ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ ์  ๊ฒฐํ•์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™ ๋„ท ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ - 96 -


์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฐ์†๋˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์Œ์†Œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ์Œ์„ฑํ•™์  ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐ์† ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์— ๋„ ๊ด‘๊ณผ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋Š” ์–ผ๋ Œ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์šด๋™ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์†Œ๋‡Œ์˜ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์ค‘์— ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์›์ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹จ์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์˜๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์„ ํ’ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์€ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ช…์พŒํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋… ์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์€ ๋‡Œ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์Œ์šด์ธ ์‹์ด๋ก ์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ ํ•ด๋…๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ(์ด์ฐฌ์Šน ์™ธ ์—ญ, 2012)ํ•˜ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ”„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋žจ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•™์Šต์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์—… ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™ - 97 -


์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ธ์–ด์ , ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•™์Šต ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์ ์‘์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ์–ด์ , ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์›์ธ ๋ฐ ์ฆ์ƒ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์‘๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ์™€ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์‹คํŒจ๋Š” ํ•™ ์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์‹œํ—˜์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์ฆํญ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์•…์ˆœ ํ™˜์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด ํ•™๊ต์ ์‘์ด ๋”์šฑ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•™๊ต์™€ ๊ฐ€์ • ์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์šฐ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ค‘์žฌ์—์„œ ์–ธ์–ด์ , ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์›์ธ ํƒ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ - 99 -


์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์–ด์Œ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ, ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž˜ ์•Œ์•„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž˜ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ž ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ค‘์žฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์  ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€ ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆด์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ์—ฐํ•ด์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์ด๋ก ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋žต ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 3ํ•™๋…„ ๋ฌด๋ ต์— ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ์ด์ฐจ ์ ์ธ ์ •์„œ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ์ผ์ฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ํ‰์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ ์ƒ์‹ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ •์„œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์  ์ค‘์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„๋™์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์€ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 3์„ธ ์ด์ „ ์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์•„๋™๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ž๊ทน์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•™์Šต๋ถ€์ง„์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค๋…„ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์—…์ค‘๋‹จ ๋น„์œจ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด(๊ต์œก ๋ถ€, 2013) ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๋œ ๊ต์œก์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธํ–ฅ๋˜์–ด - 100 -


์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•™์—…์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณด ๊ณ ์‹ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ธ์›์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์ง€๋„์— ์–ด๋ ค ์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์žฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ํ›ˆ๋ จํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ค‘์žฌ์ „ํ›„ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์‚ฌํ›„๋งŒ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด ์žˆ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ถ”ํ›„์—๋Š” ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ์–ด ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ต์œกํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์–ด์™”๋˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ ์ ์ธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์š”์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋„์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ฐ•์˜ฅ๋ ค, ๊น€์œค์˜ฅ, ์šฐ์ •ํ•œ, ๋ณ€์ฐฌ์„ (2014). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•™์ƒ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ถ€์ง„ํ•™์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ณดํ†ต์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐํŠน์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ํ•™ํšŒ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์Šต์žฅ์•  ํ•™ํšŒ ํ•™์ˆ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์ง€, 4, 35-57. ๊น€์œค์˜ฅ, ๋ณ€์ฐฌ์„, ๊ฐ•์˜ฅ๋ ค, & ์šฐ์ •ํ•œ. (2014).๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ํšŒ (2014). ์กฐ๋ก€ ์ œ 4733ํ˜ธ: ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๋“ฑ ํ•™์—…์ค‘๋‹จ ์•„๋™์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์ง€์› ์กฐ๋ก€, 2014. 4. 2. ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ (2014).๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™๋ ฅํ–ฅ์ƒ์ •์ฑ…๋ฐœํ‘œ. ์„ธ์ข…:๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ํ™๋ณด๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณผ. 2014, 2, 19. ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ (2012).http://www.sen.go.kr/main/services/index/index.action, 2012-53. ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ (2013). ํ•™์Šต์ข…ํ•ฉํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„ผํ„ฐ ์šด์˜๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •ํ‰๊ฐ€์›. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ผ๋ณด(2012). http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LPOD&mid=etc&oid =143&aid = 0002080381. 2012. 8. 8. ๊น€๊ธฐํƒœ, ๋ฅ˜๊ธฐํ˜•, ์ตœ์„ ํ™”, ์ตœ์†ก์‹, ์ตœ์ธ์šฑ, ์กฐ๋•์ž, ๋ฐ•๋ด‰๊ด€, ์„œ๋•์›…, ์˜คํฅ์ˆ™, ์–‘์ฃผ๊ทผ (1996). ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ”„ ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์—ฐ๊ตฌ, 6, 199-266. ๊น€๊ธธ์ˆœ (2008). ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ์•„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ ์ง€๋„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ, ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, 5(2), 85-105 ๊น€๋™์ผ (2006). ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ‰๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ: ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์„œ์šธ:ํ•™์ง€์‚ฌ. - 102 -


๊น€๋™์ผ. ์ •๊ด‘์กฐ (2008). ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ: ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์•  ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ. ์ •์„œโ‹…ํ–‰ ๋™์žฅ์• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, (1), 133-161. ๊น€๋ฌธ์ • (2008). ์ฒญ์ง€๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์กฐ์Œ์Œ์šด์žฅ์•  ์œ ์•„์˜ ์Œ์šด์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์Œ์Œ์šด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ. ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ. ๊น€๋ฌธ์ฃผ (1990). ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ๋„์™€ ๊ทธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ: ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ. ๊ต ์œก์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, 4(1), 91-110. ๊น€๋ฏผ์ •, ์ด์Šน๋ณต, ์ดํฌ๋ž€ (2009). ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณ  ์ฐฐ. ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์œก, 8(2), 259-278. ๊น€๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ, ์„œ๊ฒฝํฌ. (2003). ์ฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ์Œ์šด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํŠน์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ํŠน ์ˆ˜ ๊ต์œก์ €๋„: ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฒœ, 4(4), 241-258. ๊น€๋ฏธ๋ฐฐ, ๋ฐฐ์†Œ์˜. (2011). ๋‚ฑ๋ง์ฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ์Œ์šดํ•ด๋…๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ. Communication Sciences & Disorders, 16(2), 143-153. ๊น€๋ฏธ์ˆ™ (2001). ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ ์ ์‘ ๋„. ์„œ๊ฐ•๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์„์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ. ๊น€์„ ํ˜ธ. (2012). DFL (Dyslexia Friendly Library) ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ •์ฑ… ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ—Œ์ •๋ณดํ•™ํšŒ์ง€, 46(1), 201-221. ๊น€์†Œ์˜, ์ด๊ทผ๋งค. (2010). ์ง€์—ญ์•„๋™์„ผํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉ์•„๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ง‘ ๋‹จ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฒ€์ฆ. ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, 17, 1333-1355. ๊น€์•„์˜, ๋ฐ•์ธ์˜. (2001). ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ฒ™๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, 39(2), 31-42. ๊น€์•„์˜. (2008). ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ํ•™์—…๋™๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ. ํ•œ๊ตญ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ํšŒ์ง€: ๋ฌธํ™” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ, 14(1), 111-134. - 103 -


๊น€์šฉ์šฑ, ๋ณ€์ฐฌ์„, ์šฐ์ •ํ•œ, ๊น€๋‚จ์ง„, ์ด์ฐฝ์„ญ, ์ด๊ทผ์šฉ, ๋ฐ•์ •์‹ (2009). ํ˜„์žฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™ ๊ต์œก. ์„œ์šธ :์‹œ๊ทธ๋งˆํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค. ๊น€์šฉ์šฑ, ์šฐ์ •ํ•œ, ์‹ ์žฌํ•œ. (2015). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ. ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์œก ์ € ๋„: ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฒœ, 16(2), 213-242. ๊น€์šฉ์šฑ, ์šฐ์ •ํ•œ, ๊น€์˜๊ฑธ, ๊น€๋‚จ์ง„, ๊น€์œค์˜ฅ. (2016). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ๋„๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์œก ์ €๋„: ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฒœ, 17(1), 117-141. ๊น€์šฉํฌ (1988). ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ ๋ถ€์ ์‘ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต ์„์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ. ๊น€์œค์˜ฅ, ๊ฐ•์˜ฅ๋ ค, ์šฐ์ •ํ•œ, ๋ณ€์ฐฌ์„ (2015). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ํ•™์ƒ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ถ”์ • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, 12(1), 21-45. ๊น€์œค์˜ฅ, ๋ณ€์ฐฌ์„, ๊ฐ•์˜ฅ๋ ค, ์šฐ์ •ํ•œ(2014). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์„ ๋ณ„ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ. ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, 11(2), 99-128. ๊น€์œค์˜ฅ (2016). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ต์œก์‹ค์ œ์™€ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„, ํ•™์Šต์ „๋žต์ค‘ ์žฌํ•™ํšŒ:ํ•™์Šต์ „๋žต์ค‘์žฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, 7(1), 19-35. ๊น€์€์ฃผ, ์ตœ์œ ์ž„ (2013). ๋‡Œ์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„ ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ค‘์žฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์œต๋ณตํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, 11(4), 383-389. ๊น€์€ํฌ, ์†ก์„ ํฌ(2016). ์•„๋™ ์–‘์œก ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ค‘ยท๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ: ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ ์šฉ. ๋””์ง€ ํ„ธ์œต๋ณตํ•ฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, 14(7), 1-10. ๊น€์ถฉ๊ธฐ, ์žฅ์„ ์ฒ  (2006). ๊ต์œก์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™. ์„œ์šธ: ํƒœ์˜์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ. ๊น€ํ˜œ๊ฒฝ ์—ญ (2008). ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ. ์Ÿˆ์ฝ”๋ชจ ์Šคํ…”๋ผ, Storie di dyslexia. ์„œ์šธ: ์‹œ๊ทธ๋งˆ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค. ๊น€ํฌ์ˆ˜. (2003). ์‹ ๊ต์œก์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™. ์„œ์šธ: ํ•œ์˜ฌ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ. ๋‰ด์Šคํˆฌ๋ฐ์ด(2015). โ€˜๊ฐ•๋“๊ตฌ์˜์žฅ, ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์•„๋™ยท์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์‚ฌ์—… ์„ ๋„ํ•ด์•ผโ€™ http://www.enewstoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=437639. - 104 -


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Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.. Kim, S. J. (2015). A Basic Study for the Development of Multidisciplinary Interve ntion Guide Map of Auditory Processing Disorders. Journal of Digital Conv ergence, 13(12), 259-268. Krik, S. A. (1972). Education exception childern (2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton-Mi fflin. Lazarus, R. S.(1969). P attern of adjustment and human effectioness. New York: McGraw-Hill. Lerner, J. W., & Johns, B. (2011). Learning disabilities and related mild disabilities. Cengage Learning. Liberman, I. Y., Shankweiler, D., Liberman, A. M., Fowler, C., & Fisher, F. W. (1977). Phonetic segmentation and recoding in the beginning reader. in as reber & dl scarborough (eds.), Towards a psychology of reading 207-226. Liebert, R. M., & Morris, L. W. (1967). Cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety: A distinction and some initial data. P sychological reports, 20(3), 975-978. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting & task performance. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Lyon, G. R., Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2003). A definition of dyslexia. Annals of dyslexia, 53(1), 1-14. Magnan, A., Ecalle, J., Veuillet, E., & Collet, L. (2004). The effects of an audioรข€?visual training program in dyslexic children. Dyslexia, 10(2), 131-140. Mandler, G., & Sarason, S. B. (1952). A study of anxiety and - 113 -


learning. The Journal of Abnormal and Social P sychology, 47(2), 166. McAnally, K. I., & Stein, J. F. (1997). Scalp potentials evoked by amplitude-modulated tones in dyslexia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40(4), 939-945. Morris, R. D., Stuebing, K. K., Fletcher, J. M., Shaywitz, S. E., Lyon, G. R., Shankweiler, D. P., ... & Shaywitz, B. A. (1998). Subtypes of reading disability: Variability around a phonological core. Journal of educational psychology, 90(3), 347. Norton, E. S., & Wolf, M. (2012). Rapid automatized naming (RAN) and reading fluency: Implications for understanding and treatment of reading disabilities. Annual review of psychology, 63, 427-452. O'Connor, R. E., & Jenkins, J. R. (1999). Prediction of reading disabilities in kindergarten and first grade. Scientific Studies of Reading, 3(2), 159-197. Orton, S. T. (1925). Word-blindness in school children. Archives of N eurology & P sychiatry, 14(5), 581-615. Pierangelo, R., & Giuliani, G. A. (2006). Learning disabilities: A

practical approach to foundations, assessment, diagnosis, and teaching. Pearson College Division.

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๋ถ€๋ก(๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€): ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ธก์ •๋ฌธํ•ญ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€์ž… ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์—๋Š” ๋งž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋‹ต์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ข‹๊ณ  ๋‚˜์œ ๋‹ต๋„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์—† ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊นŠ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์†”์งํžˆ ์‘๋‹ต ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์‹  ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์—๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด ๊ธฐ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2016๋…„ 11์›” ํ˜ธ์„œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•™์› OOOOํ•™๊ณผ OOOOํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • ๊น€์€ํฌ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผ ์ง€๋„๊ต์ˆ˜ OOO ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜ : 010-OOOO-OOOO, ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ : OOOO@OOOOO

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โ… . ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‚ฌํ•ญ 1. ํ•™๋…„:

์ค‘ํ•™๊ต(๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต)

2. ์„ฑ๋ณ„: โ‘  ๋‚จ์ž

ํ•™๋…„

โ‘ก ์—ฌ์ž

3. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— โˆšโ€™ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค

๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค

๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋‹ค

๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค

๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค

โ‘ 

โ‘ก

โ‘ข

โ‘ฃ

โ‘ค

โ…ก. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ธ€์ž ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ, ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— โ€˜โˆšโ€™ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ” ๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์•Š๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค

์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ โ–  ๊ธ€์ž์ธ์‹(๋‚ฑ๋ง์žฌ์ธ) 01

โ€˜ใ„ฑโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜ใ„ดโ€™ ๋˜๋Š” โ€˜6โ€™๊ณผ โ€˜9โ€™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์นญ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ํ—ท ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

โ‘ 

โ‘ก

โ‘ข

โ‘ฃ

โ‘ค

02

โ€˜ใ…โ€™์™€ โ€˜ใ…‘โ€™, โ€˜ใ…œโ€™์™€ โ€˜ใ… โ€™ ๋“ฑ ํš์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ํ—ท ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

โ‘ 

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03

โ€˜๊ฐ€์ง€โ€™, โ€˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐโ€™์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค.

โ‘ 

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04

๊ธ€์ž๋‚˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค(์˜ˆ; ์ด โ†’ใ…ฃ ใ…‡).

โ‘ 

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โ‘ค

๋‹ค์Œ์ ˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด, ๋‚ฏ์„ค๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ 05 ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.(์˜ˆ: ์ผ„ํ„ฐํ‚ค ํ›„๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์น˜ ํ‚จ, ์›ฐ๋น™ ํŒŒํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ ๋“ฑ)

โ‘ 

โ‘ก

โ‘ข

โ‘ฃ

โ‘ค

โ‘ 

โ‘ก

โ‘ข

โ‘ฃ

โ‘ค

โ‘ 

โ‘ก

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โ‘ฃ

โ‘ค

โ‘ 

โ‘ก

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โ‘ค

โ–  ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ(๊ตฌ์–ด๊ธฐ์ˆ ) 06 ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์žˆ๋‹ค. 07

๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ฌผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ ๋‹ค.

08 ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋„์ค‘์— ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์žˆ๋‹ค

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09 ๋˜๋ž˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•œ๋‹ค.

โ‘ 

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10 ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์žˆ๋‹ค

โ‘ 

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โ‘ค

11 ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์ž์ฃผ ํ•œ๋‹ค

โ‘ 

โ‘ก

โ‘ข

โ‘ฃ

โ‘ค

โ–  ์“ฐ๊ธฐ 12

์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธ€์ด๋‚˜, ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„œ ํˆฌ๋ฅด๋‹ค

โ‘ 

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โ‘ค

13

๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žต, ๋Œ€์ฒด, ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋ณตํ•˜ ์—ฌ ์“ด๋‹ค.

โ‘ 

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14 ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธ€๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค.

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15 ๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ธ€๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค.

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16 ์ผ๊ธฐ, ์‹œ, ๋…ํ›„๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค.

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17 ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค.

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18 ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค.

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19 ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–  ์ง€๋Šฅ

20

์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ์ •์ƒ ํ˜น์€ ์ •์ƒ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋ž˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฒ ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ , ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„œํˆด๋‹ค.

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21

์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์ •์ƒ ํ˜น์€ ์ •์ƒ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋‘์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•„๊ธฐ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.

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์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ์€ ๋น›์—์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค.

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23 ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ๋„ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์˜†์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ํ’€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž˜ ๋งž๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ง์ ‘ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

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27 ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ, ์–ต์–‘์ด ๋ถ€์ •ํ™• ํ•˜๋‹ค.

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28 ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ž์Œ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์Œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

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โ–  ์ฝ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด ๋ฐ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์  ํšจ๊ณผ 22

24

25 ์งง์€ ๋‹จ๋ฝ(๋ฌธ๋‹จ)์„ ์ฝ๊ณ ๋„ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. โ–  ์Œ์šด๋ก ์  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ • 26

์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ค„์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ๋„๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค

โ–  ์ž๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ 29 ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์ฑ… ์ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ซ๋‹ค.

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30 ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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31 ์ฑ… ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.

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โ–  ๋Œ€๋‡Œ์ขŒ์šฐ ์šฐ์„ธ์„ฑ 32

์†Œ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.

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33

์–ด๋ ธ์„ ์ ์— ์‹ ๋ฐœ๋ˆ๋งค๊ธฐ, ์ “๊ฐ€๋ฝ์งˆ, ์ค„๋„˜๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค.

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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์œ„์งˆ, ์ “๊ฐ€๋ฝ์งˆ, ์ƒ‰์น  ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ 34 ํ•˜๋Š” ์†์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œํˆด๋‹ค.

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โ™ฃ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์— ํ˜‘์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ™ฃ

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๋ถ€๋ก(์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€): ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ•™์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์—๋Š” ๋งž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋‹ต์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ข‹๊ณ  ๋‚˜์œ ๋‹ต ๋„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊นŠ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์†” ์งํžˆ ์‘๋‹ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์‹  ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์—๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด ๊ธฐ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2016๋…„ 11์›” ํ˜ธ์„œ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•™์› OOOOํ•™๊ณผ OOOOํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • ๊น€์€ํฌ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผ ์ง€๋„๊ต์ˆ˜ OOO ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜ : 010-OOOO-OOOO, ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ : OOOO@OOOOO

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โ… . ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‚ฌํ•ญ 1. ํ•™๋…„: 2. ์„ฑ๋ณ„: โ‘  ๋‚จ์ž

์ค‘ํ•™๊ต(๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต)

ํ•™๋…„

โ‘ก ์—ฌ์ž

3. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— โˆšโ€™ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค

๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค

๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋‹ค

๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค

๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

โ…ก. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— โ€˜โˆšโ€™ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์•Š๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค

์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ โ–  ๊ณผ์ œ๋‚œ์ด๋„ ์„ ํ˜ธ 01

๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

02 ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์€ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค.*

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03

๋‚˜๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.*

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04

๋น„๋ก ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํ’€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฒ๋‹ค.

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05

์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊นŠ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ด ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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06

๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋งŒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋งŒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.*

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07 ํ•™๊ต ๊ณต๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์‰ฌ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ข‹๋‹ค.* 08

์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ข‹๋‹ค.

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09

๋‚˜๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

10 ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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โ–  ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 11

๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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12

๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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13

๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๋‹ค.

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14

๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์ฃผ์˜์ง‘์ค‘์„ ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๋‹ค.

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15

๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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16 ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 17

๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋‹ค.

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18

๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋งˆ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๋‹ค.

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19

๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ค‘ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ๊ณ , ๋ฌด ์—‡์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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20

๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ค‘ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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โ–  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ 21

์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค.*

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22

์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ง์น  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค.*

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23

์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹œํ‚ฌ๊นŒ๋ด ๋ถˆ ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค.*

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24

ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ํ˜น์‹œ ์ฐฝํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ• ๊นŒ๋ด ๋‚ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€ ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.*

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25

์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜ ๋‹ค.*

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26

์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹ต ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.*

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27 ์‹œํ—˜์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋ฉด ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ด์„œ ์ž ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.*

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28 ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์šฐ์šธํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.*

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โ…ข. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— โ€˜โˆšโ€™ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์•Š๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค

์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ โ–  ์ธ์ง€์  ์š”์ธ 01

์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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02

์‹œํ—˜์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์ ์ด ๋‚˜์˜๋ฉด ์‹๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌ ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค.

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03

์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๊พธ์ค‘์„ ๋“ค์„๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

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04

์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘๋ ต๊ณ  ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

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05

์‹œํ—˜์ด ๋‹ค ๋๋‚œ ํ›„ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ ๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ๋ฅผ ์จ๋„ ์ž˜ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

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06

์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค.

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07

์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์ง์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

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08

๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹œํ—˜ ๋•Œ ๋” ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

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09

์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™๊ต ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์ธ์ •์„ ๋ชป ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊นŒ๋ด ๋‘๋ ต๋‹ค.

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10

์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰ ๊ฐ€๋ ๊นŒ๋ด ๋‘๋ ต๋‹ค.

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11

๋‚˜์˜ ์ข‹์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋œ ๋‹ค.

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12

์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์‹œํ—˜๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จธ ๋ฆฌ์— ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

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13

์‹œํ—˜ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด๋„ ๋ง‰์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ธด์žฅ ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

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14

์‹œํ—˜ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด๋„ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ์น˜๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊นŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

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15

๊ผญ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ์ดˆ์กฐํ•ด ์ง„๋‹ค.

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โ–  ๊ฐ์ •์  ์š”์ธ 16

์‹œํ—˜ ์น  ๋•Œ ์†์ด ๋–จ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

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17

์‹œํ—˜๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.

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18

์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด์ฉŒ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œํ—˜ ๋•Œ ์ง‘ ์ค‘์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.

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19

์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์‹œํ—˜์— ์‹คํŒจํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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20

์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ๋ชน์‹œ ๋‘๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋‚€ ๋‹ค.

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21

์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

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22

์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋–จ๋ ค ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๊ณตํฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์žกํž ์ •๋„์ด๋‹ค.

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23

์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋ฑƒ์†์ด ๋‹ค ์ด์ƒํ•˜ ๋‹ค.

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24

์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ž๊พธ ์‹คํŒจํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค.

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25

์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ • ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž˜ ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.

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26

์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์‹œํ—˜๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์˜์š•์ด ์—†์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

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27

์„ฑ์ ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋Š˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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28

์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ์ ์–ด ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

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29

๋‚ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ž˜ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

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30

์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดˆ์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค.

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โ–  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถˆ์•ˆ 31

์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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32

์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์ ์„ ๋‹นํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋งˆ์Œ ์ด ์กฐ์ธ๋‹ค.

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33

์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ž˜์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์— ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค์—๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€๋„ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ž ๋„ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ์˜จ๋‹ค.

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35

๋‚ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค.

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โ…ฃ. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ถ€์ ์‘์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋™ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— โ€˜โˆšโ€™ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์•Š๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค

์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ โ–  ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ด€๊ณ„ 01 ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ๋‹ค.

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02 ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ซ๋‹ค.

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03 ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค ๋ง์”€์ด ์ง€๊ฒน๋‹ค.

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04 ์ข‹์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

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06 ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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07 ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ๋‹ค.

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08 ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹ซ๋‹ค.

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09 ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋บ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค.

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10 ๋‚˜์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ปท ๋•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค.

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11 ํž˜์ด ์—†๊ณ  ์•ฝํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค.

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12 ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค.

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13 ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹ซ๋‹ค.

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14 ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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15 ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ™”ํ’€์ด(์‹ ๊ฒฝ์งˆ)๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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16 ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์˜ˆ์Šต, ๋ณต์Šต์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

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17 ์‹œํ—˜๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค.

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18 ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†๋‹ค.

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19 ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋”ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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20 ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค.

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21 ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค.

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22 ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค.

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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ค.

โ–  ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„

โ–  ํ•™์Šตํ™œ๋™

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โ–  ํ•™๊ต๊ทœ์น™ 23 ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ข…์ด ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๊ต์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹ซ๋‹ค.

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27 ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋นผ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค.

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28 ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ž˜๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง•๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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์•„์นจ ๋“ฑ๊ต์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ง๊ฐ€ ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค.

25 ์ง€๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์„์„ ์ž์ฃผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 26

ํ•™๊ตํ–‰์‚ฌ(์ฒดํ—˜ํ•™์Šต, ์ฒด์œก๋Œ€ํšŒ(์šด๋™ํšŒ) ๋“ฑ)์—๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€ ์‹ซ๋‹ค.

โ™ฃ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์— ํ˜‘์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ™ฃ

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Abstract This study focuses on the structural relation of the academic characteristics such as academic self-efficacy and test anxiety which are related to the school maladjustment, among the elements affecting the dyslexia in order to find out the method of helping the students in the high risk of dyslexia to be well adapted to the school life. In addition, it is designed to find out how effective the reading training and the training for improvement in the auditory-perceptual vulnerability would have the mediating effect on the reading ability of the students in the high risk of dyslexia. For this study, 378 students in the first year to third year in _A__ Middle School located in the City of _B__, Gyeonggi-do were grouped into the general group (191 students) and the group of students under high risk of dyslexia (84 students) using the dyslexia screening paper. Then, the questionnaires were distributed to the students using the measuring tools of the academic self-efficacy, test anxiety and school maladjustment. The focus was made on whether there is any difference among the academic self-efficacy, test anxiety and school maladjustment, whether the academic self-efficacy, test anxiety and school maladjustment make the positive relation, and whether the test anxiety has any - 129 -


mediating effect on the academic self-efficacy and school maladjustment. In addition, to prevent the dyslexia from developed to the school maladjustment in the adolescent period, the mediation was conducted to 243 elementary school students in the 1st year to 6th year at 11 district children's centers in __D_ City, Gyeonggi-do. 104 students were found through the dyslexia screening paper to be highly vulnerable to the dyslexia and the in-depth test was conduct for them. As the measuring tools, the KOLRA and BASA were used for the reading capability while the speech recognition test and the auditory-perceptive test on the frequency shift recognition were used. 40 students having the severe dyslexia with the lowest ability in reading and speech recognition abilities were finally selected. 13 trainings for each of reading training and auditory-perceptive stimulating training were conducted during vacation. In addition, the study was made to find out whether the training has any mediating effect on the reading ability, reading/understanding ability, speech recognition ability and auditory/perceptive ability for the elementary school students having high risk of the dyslexia. The results showed that the students in the high risk of dyslexia have lower academic self-efficacy, feel more test anxiety than general students, thus having more school maladjustment. As for the study issue, first, the study was made on the difference in the academic self-efficacy, test anxiety and school maladjustment - 130 -


between general middle school students and the students under the high risk of dyslexia. The result showed that there are significant differences in the task difficulty in the academic self-efficacy, self-regulated efficacy and self-confidence. As for the test anxiety, it was found that there were significant differences between two groups in terms of perceptive text anxiety, emotional test anxiety and general text anxiety. As for the school maladjustment, it was found that there were significant differences between two groups in terms of relation to teachers, relation to peers, learning activities and school rules. Second, the study was made on whether the academic self-efficacy, test anxiety and school maladjustment have positive effect. The results showed that in the relation between academic self-efficacy and school maladjustment, the task difficulty in the academic self efficacy, self-regulated efficacy and self-conviction all make the negative effect on the school maladjustment. In addition, for the relation between academic self-efficacy and the test anxiety, it was found that the task difficulty in the academic self efficacy, self-regulated efficacy and self-conviction all make the negative effect on the test anxiety. In addition, it was found that in the relation between academic self-efficacy and school maladjustment, the test anxiety has the mediating effect. Third, the study was made on the mediating effect of the test anxiety in the relation between the academic self-efficacy and the - 131 -


school maladjustment. The results showed that the testing anxiety has the mediating effect on the academic self-efficacy and school maladjustment for the total groups. It was found that in general group, the test anxiety has the mediating effect on the relation between academic self-efficacy and the school maladjustment. But in the students in high risk of dyslexia, it was found that the test anxiety does not have the mediating effect on the relation between academic self-efficacy and the school maladjustment. That seems to be caused by the low academic self-efficacy which is one of the characteristics of the students having high risk of dyslexia as well as the features of the group which is the target of the study. Fourth, in the study on the mediating effect on the reading ability, reading/understanding ability, speech recognition ability, and auditory-perceptive ability for the elementary students in the high risk of dyslexia, it was found out that the reading ability has the mediating effect on the interpretation and the reading fluency sections. In addition, the reading/understanding ability was also enhanced even though there was no special mediation. This may be caused by the fact that the interpretation of letters was automated so that the attention can be paid to the understanding of sentences. It was found that there was the mediating effect in the scope of listening as there were the significant improvements in the speech recognition ability for left and right ears and the auditory-perceptive ability for left and right ears. In this paper, the study was made to find out the academic - 132 -


features which are shown by the students in the high risk of dyslexia to figure out the solution for the students in the high risk of dyslexia who have low reading ability due to the dyslexia and then have the school under-achievement. This study has the implications in that it has suggested the method for improvement based on the mediating effects by identifying the language and neurological causes and symptoms early prior to the development of the school maladjustment for the students in high risk of dyslexia, which is the negative academic characteristics.

Key words: dyslexia, academic self-efficacy, test anxiety, school maladjustment, auditory-perceptive

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