TOM KENDREW 2018 Architecture Portfolio

M.ARCH ARCHITECTURE PART II

TOM KENDREW

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2016 2 017 2018

ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO TOM KENDREW

ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM

2016 2 017 2018

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TOM KENDREW ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO 2016-2018

W1612949 M.ARCH ARCHITECTURE (PART II) UNIVERSIT Y OF WESTMINSTER 23/05/2018

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CONTENTS

YEAR 1_2016-2017

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PROJECT 01_UNSEEN ARCHITECTURE

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PROJECT 02_REFUGE CITY

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YEAR 2_2017-2018

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PROJECT 03_RE:FACTORY

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(SEMESTER 1 & 2)

APPENDIX FABFEST 2017_MARS LANDSCAPE

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RIBA COMPETITION_PURELY BLUE

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YEAR 1

2016/17

PROJECT 01 UNSEEN ARCHITECTURE

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UNSEEN ARCHITECTURE PROJECT 01

INTRODUCTION

The first semester involved the exploration of overlaying reality and imaginary, using images and film to express ideas and represent them together with the existing.

Starting off with a single, huge (double A0) image, the idea was to overlay multiple layers of semantic meaning into the frame and to create depth, visual storytelling and maintain composition, just like how a film director would create a shot that conveys meaning visually in every frame.

We then expanded this theme into a Short Cut - a one-minute film exploring how overlaying unreal objects into real-world footage can open up opportunities for creative and architectural expression.

I began by looking at the over-branded, saturated environment of Oxford Street as an inspiration, both as a possible background for the imaginary structures as well as a possible source for their shape, appearance and meaning.

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OBJECT STUDY

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SITE INVESTIGATION Oxford Street, London, UK

BOND ST

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OXFORD CIRCUS

4-DIMENSIONAL DRAWING

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STILL FRAME Complex, Time-Based Layered Image

Oversaturation of the retail environment at ground level - the facades of the street become the overwhelming spread of colour that dominates the scene.

Hidden stories visible above the street level - only viewable from elevated viewpoint

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Windows used as framing device to focus attention to the left side of the scene and to present the outside environment as a distanced ‘vista’ to be seen through a sheet of glass.

Markers unique to the scene anchor it in time and space - underground signs make this unmistakeably london.

Marker used to clearly identify context.

Saturation of the retail environment - red used as a key colour to attract attention around the scene.

Bus used as a framing device, giving a contrast between interior and exterior environment - adds extra layers of perception to the scene and gives a scale to compare outside world to.

Background characters’ faces obscured - only clue to their identity is a visible facebook profile

Hand gives scale and context to the scene - implies first person view, thus a character to receive and interpret the scene through.

Mobile phone as representation of retail environment another layer to the scene showing the virtual and physical worlds interweaved.

View towards where the bus is headed gives scene a sense of time, instead of a static view out of a side window we are instead able to imply the speed and trajectory of the scene.

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FILM TESTS Compositing & Timelapse

Using After Effects to superimpose the unreal over the real.

Using timelapse photography to compress a length of time into a still image.

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Film Storyboard

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UNSEEN ARCHITECTURE Short Film 2

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PROJECT 02 REFUGE CITY

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REFUGE CITY PROJECT 03

INTRODUCTION

The second semester involved the creation of a longer, narrative-driven film based around a proposal for Spaghetti Junction, near Birmingham, UK. For this project I wanted to explore both the story of the project as well as the architecture, and aimed at creating an immersive world for the film, within which the proposal would sit.

I began with a site visit to the junction to explore how interventiuons could coexist with the massive structure, as well as a visit to Turin, Italy, where we watched films and visited an abandoned steelworks factory, the Lingotto Fiat Factory, and explored the city looking for innovative methods of urban transport.

This, combined with Birmingham’s history of manufacturing, provided a good base to set the scene for the architecture as well as some food for thought on the film’s narrative.

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SPAGHETTI JUNCTION

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CONCEPT SKETCHES Architecture for a dystopian future

Birmingham was once a manufacturing and energy production powerhouse of the UK. I wanted to look at creating a project that reflected this within the massive infrastructural structure at Spaghetti Junction.

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Additionally a key experience at the site is the pollution from all the traffic - so I started thinking about architecture that could respond to this - either by removing it, or isolating you from it.

Air Purification Turbine

Solar Collection Towers

Habitation Modules

Tower Concepts

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THE PITCH Short Film

I produced a small animated video pitching the project and showing it on the site.

I used Cinema 4D and After Effects to composit together film taken of physical sketch models, with a 3D site model, using 3D motion tracking to create a simple visualization of the project on site.

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SITE VISIT Abandoned Steelworks, Dora Park, Turin

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My initial concepts were imagining a ‘crowd-sourced power station’, taking an infrastructural component and dispersing it across the junction site.

The idea of parasitic architecture that bonded to the host seemed like a potential for a new way of living in a crowded, polluted city.

However this turned into an exploration of how a structure like this could be self-supporting - and eventually the project became about a constructed city within a city, sealed off from the pollution of the surroundings and completely self-sufficient.

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2250

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Loading diagram Towers are built in order, creating a network of self-sufficient habitats.

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CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE

Components are brought to site via the junction roadways and lif ted into place using a crane.

Component lif ted using crane

Component deliver y via roadway

Habitat modules installed onto main structure

TOWER CONSTRUCTION

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The year is 2250 - climate change has devastated the planet. Only the abandoned towers of Refuge City remain....

SITE ELEVATION Central Tower Grouping

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SITE SECTION Showing the towers situated in the surrounding roadways

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SITE PLAN

The towers are built in succession; the first towers constructed are at the centre of the junction, then development progresses outward over a few decades.

Each tower takes roughly two years to complete using a modular construction system and is then able to house around 400 residents.

The towers are interconnected with a series of walkways, allowing the whole system to become interdependent. Each tower houses its own community and the whole group makes up a city within the city, a nested community isolated from the uninhabitable landscape outside.

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TOWER SECTION

TOWER PLANS

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INTERIOR CONCEPTS Pre-Visualization

Habitat Central Space

Artificial Gardens

Exterior view of habitats

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HOUSING MODULES

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Habitat Connection - Detail Section

Tower Detail Sections

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FILM THUMBNAILS From Sketch to Screen

I used thumbnail sketches to decide how i wanted to frame individual spaces and highlight key features that should appear in the film.

I then used these as a general reference when setting up cameras within Lumion.

Shown on this page is a small selection of thumbnails that went into shots for the greenhouse section of the film.

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TOWER STRUCTURE

TOWER STRUCTURE

GREENHOUSE SECTION

GREENHOUSE A XONOMETRIC

PROJECT 03

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TOWER SERVICES Axonometric Section

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FINAL FILM Film Stills

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FINAL FILM Greenhouse

Lower Level

Vapor Misters

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Water Delivery System

Habitats & Markets

View down through Central atrium

View up through Central atrium

Atrium Walkways

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HABITAT MODULES

Initial Concept Sketch

Modelled & Rendered

Outside Habitat Module

Habitat Being Lifted Into Place

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FILM PROCESS 1

SHOT LIST Organising the narrative of the film and deciding which scenes will work in which order.

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STORYBOARD Drawing thumbnail sketches of the shot to decide what should be shown and how. Notes on sound are also added.

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MODELLING The spaces are 3d modelled, creating the basic structure of the towers and habitats and adding interior details.

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SCENES The models are assembled in lumion and people, cameras, lighting and details are added.

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RENDERS Shots are rendered out with lighting, atmospheric fog and choreography.

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COMPOSITION Shots are assembled together in after effects and sound, music, overlays and colour correction are added.

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FILM POSTERS HABITATS ATRIUM

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FILM POSTERS TOWER EXTERIOR

FILM POSTERS TOWER EXTERIOR

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FILM POSTERS CITY

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YEAR 2

2017/18

PROJECT 03 RE:FACTORY

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FACTORY OF THE FUTURE

This will be primarily focused into two key areas: Process Taking inspiration from the twentieth century avant-garde’s preoccupation with the machine we will examine the creative opportunities presented by digital fabrication. In practice this will mean working closely with the fabrication lab to design and make prototypes that explore the constructional logic and aesthetic possibilities of digital fabrication. This work will hinge on the parallels to be drawn between factory production and building construction.

STUDIO INTRODUCTION Design Studio 23 is interested in looking at the processes of manufacturing, and the structures we build to accommodate these processes. The factory as a typology can range from a small one-person workshop to a massive assembly line, and the studio will consider the architectural implications of a fully automated factory.

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Programme In an age when the dream (or nightmare!) of the fully automated factory is finally becoming a reality, we will also look at the changing role of the factory in relation to society and what that might mean for industrial settlements of the future. How might humans and autonomous robot workers co-habit and work together in a new factory typology and how would this affect the city that the factory supports?

Will humans become obsolete in an age of automation or will they find ways to work alongside robots?

The project will be split into two semesters: Semester 1 will begin by investigating a particular product or means of production. Focusing in on specific consumer items we will seek to discover how and where the things we buy are made. We will disassemble, dissect and draw both the product and the process; but also the interaction of worker and machine. Implicit in this study will be the relation between craft and industry but also the material process of manufacture and assembly.

Later, based in the Fabrication Lab the aim will be to create working prototypes and models that allow you to learn new skills and speculate on the future possibilities for the use of digital fabrication in architecture.

Throughout this process you will be beginning to gain an understanding of the changing role of the workforce and the wider social and economic context for the modern factory.

In Semester 2 the emphasis will be placed on developing an individual design project that builds on the investigations made in the first semester. Your brief will be to revisit the notion of an industrial settlement and what that might mean in the age of automated production and digital fabrication. In this context you may choose to focus to varying degrees on the design of the factory itself or on the wider settlement and its relation to the means of production.

The final proposal will be a complex, developed manufacturing project, which may range in scale from a small handmaking workshop to a grand citywide scheme. The project will examine the ways in which the process of making can be expressed and augmented with architecture and the way in which human habitation and workers’ lives are shaped by the way in which factories are constructed and planned.

The fieldtrip will combine a study of industrial decline in Detroit with the opportunities presented by visiting the (relatively) nearby city of Chicago – rich in architectural treasures.

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S I T E I N V EST I G AT I O N Detroit, MI. After the visit to Chicago, Detroit and New York in November I knew I wanted to choose a site in one of these cities. I started looking at the urban grids and density between the three cities, comparing the regularity and density of Chicago with the leftover spaces of Detroit.

I decided to look more deeply into Detroit, a city with a history of economic boom and bust, one that still wears the marks of its sharp decline from the peak of the industrial age yet one that is enjoying a slow resurgence. With a deep history of auto manufacturing it provided a natural backdrop for a new type of industrial development.

U N I T E D STAT ES OF AMERICA

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Detroit’s dense downtown, with the cluster of skyscrapers from its economic boom, contrasts with the empty spaces in the outskirts.

The construction boom in the 1950s and the subsequent decline has left a series of towering but empty buildings across downtown.

Meanwhile in the outskirts of town, neighbourhoods originally planned for millions of factory workers are left mostly empty and decaying.

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CITY GRID SYSTEMS Block & Density Studies

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DETROIT’S LEFTOVER SPACES Mapping Detroit’s Urban Decay I wanted to begin by mapping out all of the empty plots left across the city as a result of its economic crash in the 1970s and 80s.

I excluded parking lots (as these may have been planned) but it is likely that many

plots that were meant to be developed into buildings, were then left empty due to a lack of investment and the land used as parking lots instead. So the actual scale of empty plots may be much higher than shown here.

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CONNECTED EMPT Y PLOTS

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SITE INVESTIGATION City Transport Systems

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Isolines represent 5 minute inter vals travel time from Cit y Hall.

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DETROIT STREET LAYOUT Hierarchy of major and minor routes

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SITE IDENTIFICATION

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FACTO RY I N V EST I G AT I O N Dearborn, MI. There were multiple major car manufacturers operating throughout the 20th Century in Detroit, with hundreds of suppliers and contractors supporting several major assembly plants, however now only General Motors, Chrysler and Ford still maintain major factories in the city.

I began studying these factories and how they worked, both at a macro scale with the logistics of building vehicles but also at a micro scale with the physical processes involved in bending and forming the steelwork, the welding, automated assembly and how this choreography works inside the factory.

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FORD ROUGE ASSEMBLY PLANT Layout & Modules

During the visit to Detroit I also visited the Ford Rouge complex, in Dearborn, Michigan. This is one of the largest Ford sites in the world, with six Ford factories and a steelworks, as well as parts storage, ore and mineral storage and refinery, and visitor centre.

We were able to see the final assembly factory for the Ford F150 truck, a process which is housed entirely in a dense grid of structural framework and a zig-zagging production line of moving conveyor platforms and stationary work areas.

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FACTORY SCALE COMPARISON

GENERAL MOTORS HAMTRAMCK ASSEMBLY PL ANT 311,314M2 FOOTPRINT

FORD FORD ROUGE ASSEMBLY PL ANT, DEARBORN 936,336M2 FOOTPRINT

GENERAL MOTORS HAMTRAMCK ASSEMBLY PLANT 311,314M2 FOOTPRINT

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FORD FORD ROUGE ASSEMBLY PLANT, DEARBORN

WORKER HOUSING

MANUFACTURE

MANUFACTUR PARKING WORKER HOUSING

TRADITIONAL FACTORY MODEL

WORKER HOUSING TRADITIONAL FACTORY MODEL

MANUFACTURE

PARKING

TRANSPORT

VERTICAL FACTORY MODEL

ORKER USING RADITIONAL FACTORY MODEL

RTICAL ACTORY

MANUFACTURE

PARKING

ORKER USING

RKING

VERTICAL FACTORY MODEL HOUSING

MANUFACTURE

UFACTURE

PARKING

VERTICAL FACTORY MODEL

INTEGRATE FACTORY SYSTEM

HOUSING

MANUFACTURE

TRANSPORT

INTEGRATED FACTORY SYSTEM

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INTEGRATED FACTORY

AUTOMATED ASSEMBLY PAST AND PRESENT

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CAR PRODUCTION PIPELINE Assembly Process Diagram

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LOGISTICS NETWORKS

Suppliers Assembly Plants

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CAR STRUCTURE TYPES

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Door Panel Fabrication Process

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TUBULAR STEEL ASSEMBLY PROCESS I investigated a series of steel fabrication methods, from tubular steel welded together into space-frames to create rollcage structures, to folded steel assembly where

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a monococque chassis is created. I laos built scale models of these processes and structures, trying to understand how the frame is built to resist forces.

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FOLDED STEEL ASSEMBLY PROCESS Modern monococque frames are built with the pressing, bending and assembly (by riveting and welding) of sheets of steel, with the individual shapes having structural strength in individual directions that are aligned to create overall stiffness.

I began experimenting with folding metal using asimple press, seeing how the sheet would conform to different shapes and what the tolerances of different metals were.

Folding Aluminium Sheet

Curved Aluminium Sheet

Folding Steel Sheet

Lead Sheet Press

Folding Lead Sheet

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Curved and fixed to lattice

The process of stamping unrolled, flat steel sheets using a press to form car body panels and components. These will then be welded together using CNC 6-A xis robots to form the car structure.

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DYMAXION CAR Alternate Construction Methods DYMAXION CAR Curved Plywood Portal Frame Lattice Hand-Rolled Curved Steel Body Panelling

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Exploded Scale Model

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MANUFACTURING WORKSHOPS 6-Axis CNC Robot

I worked with a few other students to use a 6-axis robot arm with a hot wire attachment to investigate methods of converting data into physical outputs, by varying the time, radius and angle of various cones cut in the material.

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CNC DRAWING WORKSHOP

USING 6-AXIS ROBOTIC ARMS TO DRAW ON PAPER BASED ON ROUTING PATHS GENERATED IN GRASSHOPPER

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FACTORY VISIT Ford Rouge Assembly Plant, Dearborn, Michigan

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FACTORY VISIT Shinola Factory, Detroit, Michigan

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SITE VISIT Hudson Yards, New York City

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CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT Building Logistics Systems

Looking at the logistics parallels between the Ford factory (as an example of sequential, production line based heavy manufacture and assembly) and the Hudson Yards site (as an example of high-rise building construction), the most immediate theme was grids; overlaying varying spacings of grids which coincide to create a structural system, a spacedivision system, and a masterplanning system all in one.

This works horizontally on the factory site, with alternating lanes of construction, component supply and transport creating an efficient process.

The tower site is more vertical, and here there are specific lanes of transport up and down the building with offshoots across each floor.

With this in mind for the component I wanted to create a flexible structural system, which could be expanded or contracted with ease and could adapt to future changes to the building layout with the same ease that it was originally constructed.

I began by looking at a node and rod system, with a 3D grid of structural members being linked by multidirectional connection points that could accept any number of connections. From there the various systems, functions and inhabitant patterns of the building could be overlaid onto the structure, and there would be a continuous symbiotic relationship between function and structure, the building adapting continuously to reflect changing patterns of use.

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BUILDING GRID SYSTEMS

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BUILDING GRID SYSTEMS 2

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BUILDING GRID SYSTEMS 3

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COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT 3D Grid Node

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LOGIC

NODES

COMPONENT

SYSTEM

FRAME

LOGIC

C O M P O N E N T D E V E L O PCMO EMNPTO N E N T D E V E L O P M 113 ENT Multidirectional Building Node

FACTORY ANALYSIS Production Line Diagram

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LAYOUT ANALYSIS Automated Assembly Line

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VERTICAL FACTORY Concept Model

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PROJECT PROPOSAL

Continuing the logistics and manufacturing studies I began to plot out the construction process across the city of Detroit. The aim is to fill in the leftover spaces mapped out in the research phase and create a new industrial backbone for this declining city. At the same time, the links between the factory modules will provide public transport infrastructure with a dual-level monorail, carrying people, materials and components on one integrated system.

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The factory will take the industrial processes and expertise from the automotive industry in Detroit and use it to construct a modern, clean modular housing system, which will both function as accommodation for workers in the factories as well as be exported across the city to replace Detroit’s blighted and rotted housing with new, clean accommodation in an effort to revitalise the city.

SITE PLAN

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FACTORY MODULES I split the construction process into 7 modules, from initial raw materials through to testing and shipping.

These were each given a site on the new monorail system that slotted into Detroit’s urban grid, occupying empty plots.

Each module has a distinct architectural form based on its function, breaking down the assembly process into individual sub-processes as follows: 01 - Raw Material Processing The import of loose iron ore, coke (for smelting) and fuel gas to supply the Foundry.

02 - Foundry A vertical blast furnace which takes in ore and melts it in a two-stage process to crete steel ingots.

03 - Steelworks A branching linear production line taking the steel ingots and machining them via rolling presses, CNC machines, extruders etc. to form steel sheets and tubes, which are stamped and pressed into component shapes.

04 - Main Assembly Building The Stamped components are brought together into a 3-dimensional factory which uses automated workers to assemble them into housing modules.

05 - Subassembly Parallel production lines produce specific components not part of the metalworking line, such as glazing sheets and rubber seals. These

subassemblies are then sent to the Main Assembly line.

06 - Quality Assurance Completed modules are tested for compliance. Product R&D is also housed here to continually improve the product and the process.

07 - Logistics A shipping export hub, there are two types; one which functions as a rail hub and connects the factory output to the rest of the USA via interstate rail, the other which is a container port along the riverbank which allows for international shipping of modules across the world. Additionally housing modules are moved across Detroit to fill in the gaps in the city’s residential suburbs.

Additionally there are two other components to the factory: Storage Tower A vertical, automated storage system for containerized storage of materials, components and tools, to allow for quick reupply of modules and add allowance for on-site storage at each module.

Monorail The monorail has a double layer, the upper section carries workers and the general public around the city with commuter trains, the lower level carries containers to move components, materials etc.

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MODULE 01 Raw Material Processing This module handles the arrival of raw ores from quarries and mines, where it is sorted and stored in large container silos. Conveyors and bucket systems carry the ores to the correct locations and ore is brought out of the module using the containerised rail system.

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RAW MATERIAL PROCESSING Storage Vessels

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MODULE 02 Foundry This module brings in containerized ore and lifts them using a crane into a bucket, feeding them into a vertical blast furnace which smelts the ores down into steel. The steel is poured into casts of a standardized ingot shape which is then transported on rails to the next modules.

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FOUNDRY - CASTING DECK

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MODULE 04 Main Assembly Building The main assembly building handles a wide variety of incoming component types and brings them together using an automated construction process to weld, cut and assemble subassemblies into a completed part.

The most complex of all the modules, this module is formed by a production line mirroring that of car production lines, however a layered 3-D factory process allows for multiple construction sequences to occur at the same time and be brought together in parts. This reduces the overall factory footprint significantly as well as reduced transporting overhead.

The main assembly building is also fed by various subassembly plants which cover additional construction processes such as manufacturing glazing and rubber parts which are then brought to the plant.

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MAIN ASSEMBLY BUILDING

The factory can be easily extended upwards to create extra capacity, fixing extra grid nodes and struts onto the system in a modular fashion to create flexibility in the 3D system. This extra space can accommodate extra factory conveyor lines or additional worker accommodation.

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The lower levels of the 3D grid are dedicated to the monorail loading bays, where containers of materials and components or carriages of people arrive to disembark. These containers are lifted up into the factory floors, where they are automatically unloaded and the construction of the housing modules begins.

Above the factory levels is a series of housing modules, with vertical access cores linking them down to the building. These can be installed in any configuration into the existing framework structure and will create a three-dimensional neighbourhood for factory workers.

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FLOORS & STRUCTURES

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FRAME STRUCTURE

PRIMARY STEEL FRAME

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SECONDARY STEEL FRAME

TENSIONED STEEL TIES

COMBINED

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CONFIGURABILITY The frame can be built in a variety of configurations, extending upwards, sideways or even undercutting parts of the frame above.

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FRAME EXTENSION The frame can be extended simply by affixing additional Primary Frame elements to the structure. The Primary Frame is selfsupporting and can support one 20m span cantilevered out from each joint before needing another frame underneath.

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CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE The construction is expected to be rapid as once the concrete base is constructed then many systems can be prepared for assembly. Most of the manufacture is offsite and frames will be optimised for pre-assembly. The housing units will be built as demand requires.

The Steel Frame itself is shown here being built all at once, however in practice it could be halfway through assembly and work could begin on the next stage and the frame would be installed to the minimum required size to begin with and could potentially be expanded upwards later on once the factory is operational.

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Pile Foundations Cast, Then Columns Cast Above

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Concrete Floors Added And Monorail Constructed

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Glazing Installed, Circulation Gantries Installed

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Steel supporting framework For Factory Machinery Installed

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Primary Steel Frame Assembled

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Factory Conveyor Line Assembled

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Secondary Steel Frame & Steel Tension Cables Installed

Housing Units Installed As Per Need; Factory Operational

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3D CONVEYOR SYSTEMS Packing Study & Optimisation

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3D ASSEMBLY LINE Container Loading Sequence

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FACADE DETAILS TENSIONED STEEL CABLE

The factory’s glazed facade has a series of stainless steel spiders supporting silicone-jointed glazing panels. The spiders are supported on steel fins, which are spaced at 1200mm centres, and which are then supported primarily by mounting directly to the concrete floor panels and secondarily by tensioned steel cables running along behind the glazing joints.

GL AZING

SUPPORT SPIDER

MULLION FIN PRIMARY STEEL FRAME SECONDARY STEEL FRAME

CNC ARM TRACKS

CONCRETE SL AB

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MONORAIL

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FACTORY

HOUSING

TECHNICAL SECTION

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FACTORY ASSEMBLY LINE

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FACTORY ASSEMBLY LINE

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HOUSING MODULE

The housing modules can be built in a variety of configurations but they are all formed of the same basic components.

Below are some example sections of primary steel frame with varying amounts of housing units installed.

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The framework has circulation and services installed with endpoints ready to accept new modules as they are built. Access is via vertical cores which lead up to an open plaza space, with stairs and gantries leading to individual housing units.

Individual Housing Module Can be configured as a 2, 3 or 4 bedroom apartment.

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Housing Module Breakdown The housing modules are primary constructed from a Square Hollow Section (SHS) steel frame, and lightweight METSEC mounting systems to attach panels and interior finishes. The solid wall panels are formed with aluminium honeycomb, with insulation backing. Glazing panels can be substituted with opaque spandrels or could have Photovoltaic Cells embedde into the panel to offset some of the module’s energy needs.

COMPONENT BREAKDOWN

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ELEVATION

SECTION

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HOUSING MODULES

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LEISURE SPACES

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INDIVIDUAL MODULE - GARDEN

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INDIVIDUAL MODULE - EXTERIOR

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INDIVIDUAL MODULE - INTERIOR

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MODEL PHOTOGRAPHY

I built a presentation model showing a vertical slice of the Main Assembly building of the factory.

The model had a section cut and showed just one corner of the building from bottom to top. At the bottom is Car parking and the monorail station, then above is the factory floors with a glazed facade, and above the housing modules with public spaces and walkways.

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MODULE 06 Testing & Quality Assurance Located after the Main Assembly Building, this module takes a sample from production batches and takes them from the monorail conveyors to be destructively tested.

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This ensures that each module is produced to within manufacturing tolerances and this also offers feedback for iteration for future designs of module.

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TESTING MODULE

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Raised

Lowered

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MONORAIL TRANSPORT SYSTEM

The Monorail forms the publicly useable part of the factory, providing urban transport infrastructure for the city through an elevated mass transit system. The Factory is laid out in a way to maximise the usefulness of this new network and each station will become a centrepoint of each neighbourhood, stimulating development and investment to the city. The passenger monorail is used for the general public as a commuter rail, and also as a quick system for moving factory personnel around the city.

Container Carrier

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The underside of the monorail has suspended container carriers. These function in a similar way to port cranes in the shipping industry and will be used to autonomously carry containers full of components, materials and subassemblies around the factory.

This system is controlled by a central managing system which tracks the levels of items around the factory and ensures a steady output of product.

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APPENDIX FABFEST ‘17 MARS ROVER LANDSCAPE

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FABFEST 2017 COMPETITION INTRODUCTION FAB FEST is a week-long celebration of design and making, hosted by the Fabrication Lab at the University of Westminster. It invites creative designers from around the world to envision and build their ideas about architecture and the city, using nly cardboard and correx, and manufactured entirely in the Fabrication Lab. For FabFest 2017 I was part of a team of students working alongside Foster & Partners’ Specialist Modelling Group to create a flexible, adjustable, modular testing landscape for a series of mini rovers, simulating the autonomous navigation and materials collection for a future project on Mars. We designed, assembled and tested a honeycomb structure using only cardboard and zipties, and used coloured light strips and projectors to control the robots, which had light sensors installed.

Taking the form of a short, intense charrette project, it was a lot of fun and a great experience to build something a bit different alongside a multidisciplinary team.

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Landscape Plan & Navigation Waypoints

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RIBA COMPETITION P U R E LY B L U E W.T.E & L ID O

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WASTE-TO-ENERGY POWER PLANT

Minimum 1.2 meter dumpling depth allows easy connection between two sunken power plant points, supporting the linear, start-to-end process.

Waste in and sorting section

Additional slab layer, covering underground service work for the power plant is isolating the combustion process, airborne particles and potential noise

Preserved 57 m diameter gas holder, reinforced where architectural elements sit beside.

Re-using existing dumpling geometry

Side depth is utilized to host distribution plant and services of small WTE station.

Service pipe passing water steam to the Lido at the end of WTE cycle - water kept separate and heat exchanger transfers thermal energy

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SITE D PUBLIC LIDO

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Access, changing, shower and cafe point sit above the ground level, over the lido.

Architectural mass is protruding only 6 meters above, leaving main mass to occupy the depth of the lido

Dumpling and water levels

Semi-circular descending concrete slabs are inserted to form seating, shallow swimming and access route to the central dumpling.

All together forming an amphitheater-like lido.

Lido center with access to the pool Preserved and additionally water-proofed gas holders are filled with water.

Service pipework embedded round the perimeter of dumpling. to the center between two gas holders.

WTE ‘waste’ heat is continuously pumped into to heat-exchange system, to keep the lidos warm temperature all year round Joined gassholder to the north-east of the site

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PURELY BLUE Our proposal explores a split-programmed solution for gas holder bases around the UK. Imagining a small scale waste-to-energy power plant, sunken into the depth of the gasholder and contributing back to the energy grid, the proposal also utilises its leftover thermal energy to heat up a pair of semi-public lidos near by.

Descending lido steps to reach dumpling level

This sustainable, local-scale energy production and approach to waste management strategy, combined with publicly accessible steam pools, creates an innovative combination for these leftover sites.

Water steam supply to heat the Lidos via a heat exchange system

Sub-station Lid covering combustion process

Separate access route for waste delivery

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WTE visitors center

Waste delivery point

Waste leftover from energy production, removed from the site

Car Park provision for WTE

Separate access to the Lido

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SITE D 01

Main building, hosting shower and changing rooms, cafe and staff area

Secondary shelter, level with the ground plane to host the LIdo

Canopy sheltering the access to the lido Planting, protecting the perimeter of the pool

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SITE D

Afternoon view towards the Lido pool with the access point building above.

Tinted concrete finishes with integrated wooden louvres hints to nordic aesthetics, whilst complimenting to natural look of the site. A robust and aesthetically simple structure almost steps away to highlight clouds of steam and reflective water, leaving only horizon and planting to be seen from the inside. Whether close to industrial or residential sites, the heated lido becomes a hidden public retreat.

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ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO TOM KENDREW

ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM