DON MILLS
Let's start a growing friendship soon at a Sheridan Garden Centre.
You'll find 1t at Sheridan
b alue With comparable prices on the most extensive selection of high quality nursery stock in Canada.
o L]
b ltalltY With over 1,200 types of hardy plants and trees, locally raised, fresh from the soil and Guaranteed to Grow".
Varlety With Canada s most comprehensive listing of nursery stock and garden accessories . . . the 74 Sheridan Garden Catalogue. Now available at any of the four Sheridan Garden Centres in Metro, Mississauga, Unionville, or Etobicoke, Sheridan can supply all of your gardening needs.
June 22-23, 1974
Great Lakes Regional Bonsai Show, at The Garden Center of Greater Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio. Contact: (216) 721-1600.
June 23, 1974
Canadian Rose Show, sponsored by the Canadian Rose Society, at the Inn on the Park. Eglinton Avenue East and Leslie, Don Mills, Ontario. Contact: Jack Blair (416) 444-9126.
July 11-13, 1974
International Lily Show, of the North American Lily Society, at University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, Chaska (Minneapolis), Minnesota. Contact: (416) 233-4900.
If it s about Gardening . . . ask Toronto s Civie Garden Centre. Membership, including ten issues per year of TRELLIS only $5 for 12 months.
PEFFERLAW PEAT COMPOSTED MANURE/ PEAT MIX
The ideal soil mix correctly balanced to fill the needs of all growing plants indoors or out.
G. T. STRAIN & SON
Cannington, Ont. Phone (Toronto) 364-6068
Coming
Events of notable Gardening and Floral Arts Interest
July 13-17, 1974
American Association of Nurserymen Convention, at Four Seasons Sheraton Hotel, Toronto. Contact: Mr. H. H. Stensson (416) 822-4841.
July 20-21, 1974
Lily Show, of the Ontario Regional Lily Society, at Royal Botanical Gardens, Hamilton, Ontario. Contact: (416) 2334900.
October 10-12, 1974
American Horticultural Congress, in Washington, D. C. Contact: Mr. O.K. Evans (703) 768-5700.
Work on your shade trees done by competent, professional men with years of experience. Call us early for an estimate.
Codoroeate
Thee St @
5{/1/7#/ é//// l f Av{n'?: 1480 St. Clair Avenue West Toronto, Ont. M6E 1C7 (416) 654-7025
Indoor Light GardeningSpecialists
e Terrarium lamps e Hobby greene Wall & table v o Humex models accessories o Build-up mini- e Stewart gardengardens ware Exotic, Miniature & Terrarium Plants at The Plant Room, Oakville, 878-4984
EQUIPMENT CONSULTANTS AND SALES
@ 2241 Dunwin Dr., Mississauga, Ont. L5L 1A3 Phone 828-5925
Regular Features
Coming Events, 3; School of Floral Decoration, 8; Gardening Events Calendar, 12; Milne House Garden Club, 14; Shop, 20; and Library, 21.
Other Items of Interest This Month
Centre s Speakers Panel Bureau, 7; Wildflowers of British Columbia in new Book, 7; Centre s Therapy Group, 17; and Ideal, economic Soil Conditioner, 19.
The Front Cover
A raised planting for a patio deck or apartment balcony to bring the garden s beauty closer to the home. Photo by Art C. Drysdale.
Civic Garden Centre Board of Directors
Mrs. K. G. (Audrey) Allman; R. H. (Roy) Bainard; Mrs. J. H. (Betty) Billes; J. (Jack) Blair; J. E. (John) Bradshaw; Mrs. D. P. (Elizabeth) Bl\?ce; G. P. (Geoff) Clarkson; E. A. (Ed) Endersby; R. A. (Reg) Mackenzie; G. A. (Gib) Milne; E. R. (Ernie) Pope; Mrs. E. (Flavia) Redelmeier (Chairman); Mrs. F. W. (Genevieve) Robertson; W. (Wilf) Sanders; L. C. (Larriy_l) Sherk; Mrs. R. (Helen) Skinner; T. W. (Tom) Thompson; D. H. (Dave) Yerex.
Staff for Civic Garden Centre and Trellis
J. C. (Jim) Boyd, Executive Director; A. C. (Art) Drysdale, Associate Director and Editor; Mrs. J. W. (Awdrey) Clarke, Executive Secretary.
General Information
N, Trellis is published monthly (except July and August) by the Civic Garden Centre, 777 Lawrence Avenue East, Don Mills, Ontario, M3C 1P2. The Centre is located in Edwards Gardens, at Leslie Street and Lawrence Avenue East, the geographical centre of Metropolitan Toronto. It is a non-profit gardening and floral arts information organization with open membership. Subscriptions to Trellis are only available through Centre membership ($5 for 12 months). Opinions expressed within do not necessarily reflect those of the Centre. This is Volume 1, Number 6.
THE CIVIC GARDEN CENTRE Telephone 445-1552
What it is
» A non-profit gardening and floral arts centre for the dissemination of information to amateurgardeners and flower-arrangers
« An open membership body with over 2,000 keen gardener-members (from rank amateurs to advanced professionals) who pay only $5 for 12 months
» Home of six gardening clubs or groups with specific gardening interests
« Meeting place for specialized plant societies from Bonsai to Roses Home of some of the best flower arrangers in North America (quoted from U.S.A. author and editor, Helen Van PeltWilson)
What it does
» Operates Canada s most complete public horticultural library
» Responds to over 3,000 gardening questions annually
« Organizes, in both spring and autumn, garden talks and demonstrations on a wide varietyofsubjects and atdifferent levels
» Teaches non-commercial flower arranging at various levels to over 300 persons annually and encourages their competition
» Carries on an extensive flower-drying program to extend garden beauty through into the winter months economically
» Operates a Speakers Panel Bureau which brings panels of experts on various subjects to groups desirous ofan informative program
» Publishes information booklets on various subjects; e.g. Preserving Beautiful Flowers
« Stages two flowershows each year and hosts numerous others
What members receive ($5 annual fee)
« Ten issues per year of Trellis
« Free borrowing privileges from the 3,000-volume library
e Ten per cent discount off all purchases of books and gardening and floral arts supplies bought from the Centre
« Opportunity to join one or more specialized member groups or clubs
« Discounts off all courses offered at the Centre
» Free admission to Members Nights held at least twice per year
177 Lawrence Ave. East (in Edwards Gardens), Don Mills, Ontario M3C 1P2
Y our tulips, which will now all have completed their wonderful show, should be allowed to die back naturally, with only the seed heads removed. If the remaining foliage, which will be around for several weeks yet. is in the way ofelaborate plantings, lift them out of the ground carefully with a spade and heel them in elsewhere at the same depth. Once the foliage has completely yellowed, they may be re-dug and the bulbs cleaned and stored in a cool dry place until this autumn. Bulbs treated in this fashion should perform just as well next spring as this past spring. Annually we handle many thousands of bulbs in this way at Edwards Gardens.
If you have neglected your lawn, there are still some operations you may carry out, but forget about trying to sow seed as the chances for successful germination at this time year are almost nil. Weedkilling may be carried out for broadleaf weeds. but it is too late to apply crabgrass controls. Ifyou purchased one of the combination fertilizer/crabgrass control products and have not yet used it, best leave it until next spring now, as you will waste your moneybyapplyingapre-emergencecontrol now after the crabgrass plants are growing. If you have a twitch grass problem, see Art Drysdale s editorial in this issue.
One of the best insurance policies for a good lawn, is to cut it long that is, not shorter than 1'% inches. and preferably it should be two inches long afier each cut. By scalping the grass you encourage the growth of weeds at the same time as discouraging the grass. A healthy, long turf is much better able to resist drought conditions during the
Summer Gardening Hints about Lawns Bulbs and Perennials
Deiter Maier*
summer, and also since the soil is shaded, the growth of weeds is also discouraged particularly crabgrass.
Evergreens may be pruned anytime this month, and on up to mid-July, but not much later. Remember not to cut back too far into the dead wood ofevergreens, as most often no new growth will be produced from these bare areas. Now is not the time for the pruning of shrubs, except those just at the end of their flower season, such as false spirea will be soon.
As your perennial flowers grow, be sure to keep up with the staking in case of high winds. Rather than buying stakes, try using the trimmings from nearby trees. Branches that are Y shaped in particular make excellent plant stakes. If your tuberous begonias are getting large, they too will benefit from staking at this time.
In the vegetable garden, keep making repeat sowings of such seeds as radish, lettuce carrots and beans. for a continuous crop until autumn.
Centre s Speakers Panel Bureau spreads the Word
Ernest R. Pope
One of the services of the Civic Garden Centre that helps spread good gardening knowledge is the Speakers Panel Bureau. The bureau provides panels of four members and a chairman on various subjects to horticultural societies, garden clubs, church groups and others interested in this form ofgardening program.
* Mr. Maier is foreman in charge of Edwards Gardens, part of the regional parks system op d by theM Toronto Parks Department.
The panelists are drawn from a group of 25 highly experienced gardeners, both men and women. They are available throughout the year within a radius of 50 miles of Metropolitan Toronto, and the fee of $25 goes totally toward support of the Centre.
Any group wishing to have a panel for a forthcoming meeting may simply contact the Centre s office and detailed arrangements will be made. For autumn programs, panels are available on the following topics: 1) General Gar-
Rarely doesone have the opportunity to see a Canadian book on plants with the quantity of quality of colour illustrations found in Wild Flowers of British Columbia. Nearly 600 colour photographs are included showing the range of wild flowers and shrubs to be found in British Columbia, one of the most diversified floristic areas of Canada. We need more books ofthis nature ifwe are to appreciate fully this diversity of wild plants. Also, by making a larger population aware of the existence of and need to protect wild flowers. we are ensuring that the threatened flower species are better protected for future generations to enjoy.
The quality of the photography, mostly close-ups, and the quality of the colour printing is the best one will see in North America, and Evergreen Press of Vancouver, the printers, are to be commended for another first-rate example of excellence in colour work.
Unfortunately, the book s layout. is boring, monotonous and inconvenient. Ifonly a little more originality and style could have been put into the layout to match the quality colour printing. Illus-
dening, 2) Growing Plants Under Artificial Light, 3) House Plant Culture, 4) Forcing Spring Bulbs Indoors, 5) Fall Planting and Preparing the Garden for Winter, 6) Greenhouse Gardening as a Hobby, and 7) Proper Use of Fertilizers and Insecticides and How to Compost.
Groups hosting a panel are asked to inform their members of the type of meeting so that everyone will bring along a question in the subject area being covered.
Wildflowers of British Columbia beautifully
presented in new Book
Lawrence C. Sherk*
trations are grouped on facing pages, all cross referenced to the text, but often printed sideways, so the reader must turn the heavy book (five pounds) sideways to appreciate many of the photos. No expense was spared in the colour printing and paper stock, so one wonders why just a little more money could not have been put into a more attractive and convenient layout.
More illustrations of the wood, valley and mountainside habitats of the plants would also have been useful in conjunction with the many close-ups. The growth habits ofthese plants often of equal interest to the plants themselves do not come across in extreme closeups; albeit they are beautiful photos. The text is informative but often not sufficiently complete to be of any real educational value.
In spite ofthese technical faults, Wild Flowers ofBritish Columbia is a beauty to behold and to return to time and time again. One can only wish that we had the same type of book on Ontario wild flowers.
* Mr. Sherk is chief horticulturist for Sheridan Nurseries Limited and 2 member of the Board of Directors of the Civic Garden Centre. He has spent considerable time studying the wild flowers of =U.nrovinces of Canada.
Interest in Floral Design sparked by Summer Flower Shows
Mrs. Marea Lyle
Many things influence persons to seek expert knowledge on how to arrange flowers in a complimentary manner for home decoration. The urge may be prompted by the new spring bursting of flower branches in colour; or it may be the desire for knowledge of suitable plants for cutting in order to bring the beauty of the garden indoors, or it may be the yen to learn more of the ingenuity practised by our expert flower arrangers as they seek to bring self-expression into floral designs.
In the last instance, it may be the inclusion of an interesting rock, the unusual shaping of decorative wood, or the use of found junk in an abstract composition. In designs using these
techniques, one finds a combination of expert craftsmanship and fanciful artistic expression.
Why not think seriously about signing up now and getting seriously involved this autumn in the fascinating art of floral design? Your desire to arrange flowers is all you require. We at the Civic Garden Centre have expert instructors who will guide you through six consecutive lessons. Course 1 is the basic beginners series, and many participants like to repeat in the autumn if they took course | in the spring previous since the available materials are 'so different. Course 2 is the inter-mediate level, for those who have successfully completed course 1. For those wishing further advanced theories, course 3 is operated, and will be arranged for October this autumn.
Course 1 will be operated on six consecutive Wednesdays beginning September 11, both at 1:30 in the afternoon with Mrs. Geneveve Robertson instructing, and at 8:00 in the evening with Mrs. Louise Brooks instructing. Course 2 will operate on six consective (Conclusion on page 19)
You are
to visit our greenhouses (80,000 square feet) and see our quality tropical and foliage plants, cactus and succulents plus African violets.
Have your house plant questions answered by experts!
Open six days per week (closed Sundays) from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Just a few minutes off Highway 403 (Main St. West Exit).
BEN VELDHUIS LTD.
DUNDAS, ONTARIO (416) 628-2632
Time again to keep eyes open and fingers at the ready in order to prepare for your out-of-season enjoyment. Now is the in-season to collect a variety ofnatural plant materials for use in dried flower bouquets all winter long. Probably your favourite flowers or foliage can be air dried, pressed, or processed with Flora-Cure or Folia-Preserve (both available from the Centre s shop).
For full information, refer to the wide range of books on this interesting subject, available for loan or for purchase in our library. These books, several of them Canadian in origin, describe a complete assortment ofsuitable plant materials for picking and in-depth treatments for preservation. Or, for the beginner, pick up a copy of Preserving Beautiful Flowers, the Centre s own how-to pamphlet, at a cost of only 50¢ when purchased with Flora-Cure or Folia-Preserve.
When choosing flowers and foliage for preserving, try anything that appeals to you, regardless ofwhether or not you know it by name. Do not be afraid to experiment, and if you have particular success with some method or material, please let us know so we may share the information with others. Remember too, to add a bit more of everything to your picking collection that can be donated to the Centre for future sale in a prepared arrangement or as loose bunches. Perhaps during the summer you would kindly phone the Centre (445-1552) or my home (267-1813) leaving information as to what you have available, and in what quantity. We will again be conducting our flower drying activities at a building removed from the Centre itself, and there should be plenty of drying space as well as work area.
The following suggestions are culled
Now is the time to think about
Fall and Winter Beauty in your Home
Mrs. Eileen Brooks, Co-ordinator
from our experience last year, and although far from comprehensive, will be simple guidelines to the inexperienced enthusiast. Acorns and all varieties of nut-fruits are great for arrangements as well as for composite flowers (see samples in our shop, made by amateurvolunteers). Cattails, both bullrush and pencil slims, should be picked when freshly developed on the stem. Quickly dip them in a light shellac solution, or spray with a clear, non-perfumed hair spray, to prevent later fall-out . Cones from all types of evergreens may be picked or gathered at all stages from new green, to open dry forms. Corn husks may be air-dried, and then bleached, along with cones, teasels thistles etc. 1 have found a 50:50 solution of javel and water to be suitable. The length of time for soaking depends on the size and thickness of material. Remember, wet materials do not look as bleached as when they dry; and cones will close up again when moist, but will re-open on drying.
Ferns are best pressed in paper when they are fresh and green, but some, such as fiddle head, are appealing when picked brown and dry. Strawflowers plus goldenrod and some rose varieties should be picked when barely open as they continue the process after being cut. Thistle-type plants, cornflowers and grasses etc. should be sprayed with a light lacquer as soon as possible. The thistle spines are best stripped for easier handling later when arrangements are being made. The branches of trees and shrubs should be picked shortly after the new leaves are fully developed, before they become mutilated by insects or diseases. The final colour of these, after treatment with Folia-Preserve, or air drying, will depend on leaf age and chemical variants at the time ofpicking. (Conclusion on page 11)
Most home gardeners are confronted by everyday problems like the ravages of insects, the destruction wrought by diseases, how and what to plant in the average garden and the maintenance of these plants.
What of those gardens where special problem areas exist, where ordinary flowers and ornamentals will not grow areas that are t0o wet, too dry or too sandy, too steep or with heavy clay soils. There are many attractive plants which will actually thrive in these conditions and different methods of cultivation that should be adopted with these special areas in order to achieve success. For the latter heavy clay soils see the short feature on gypsum in this issue.
Do you have an area that is damp all the time and has standing water for short periods after rain? If so, set out to improve the soil by adding organic matter such as peat moss, plus sand or cinders. Fill in the low spots to help drain
Astilbes are showy perennials that come into bloom in mid-June, and prefer to grow in a wet, soggy soil, under partial shade. Agriculture Canada photo.
Some Plants like to grow in Wet Areas
Arthur R. Buckley*
away the surface water, or run a claytile line under the wet areas to a lower area or to a dry well you can build yourself to drain underground water.
In these wet areas the following plants will grow well. Among the annuals one of the best is the monkey flower (Mimulus) which often withstands the winter and will grow for a second year. Get the Queen s Prize strain and next year start the seeds indoors in March. The patience plant (Impatiens) does so well in the shade that it is nearly always confined to shady areas. But it will grow in the sun and is especially adaptable to wet areas either in sun or shade. The annual hybrid toad flax (Linaria) is one more annual that thrives in moist places and will give you snapdragon-like flowers in colours never seen in that flower.
A few perennials actually prefer wet soggy ground. The astilbes are of this type and yet they have extremely showy graceful plumes of blooms in colors of white, red, lavender and light pink which last nearly all summer. They give a cool refreshing look to the garden, possibly because of their fresh green leaves as well as their unique blossoms. Nobody with wet, boggy soil should fail to take advantage of the fact that Japanese irises thrive in such locations. These fabulously beautiful plants produce flowers much more attractive and considerably more spectacular than the common garden bearded iris and they do this better in soggy soils. In fact, many fans will prepare soil like that of a rice paddy in which to grow them. The flowers of the Japanese iris are often eight inches wide and are flat at the top, different from the globe-shaped heads of the common irises. All the garden
* Mr. Buckley retired last year as ornamental plant specialist with The Plant Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. He continues to write gardening information columns for newspapers across Canada.
loosestrifes, like Morden Gleam , Morden Pink , Croftway Pink , Dropmore Purple and Rose Queen will grow in such areas and will look particularly effective if carpeted with the yellow-flowered creeping Jenny or money plant (Lysimachia nummularia), another plant that likes wet feet.
Of course, if you take to the woods and meadows and search the damp areas you will gain much valuable information about plants that thrive under these conditions. You may wish to duplicate a small area ofnative swamploving gems. If you can duplicate a swamp with rich decaying vegetation you can grow the pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea) with its hollow pitcherlike leaves, or the sundew, both insectivorous plants which are extremely interesting to grow.
Numerous trees and shrubs suited to moist conditions
A patch of the spotted jewel weed (Impatiens biflora) will capture the imagination by its glistening flowers and the trigger-like action of its stamens; and a large planting ofthe Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) will reward you in the fall with a flamboyant show of red blooms. Two moist meadow plants are easy to grow: the swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) with clusters of small light crimson flowers which give a rosy glow to wet Canadian meadows during July and August; and the swamp buttercup (Ranunculus septentrionalis), with high golden flowers produced in April.
The marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) is the earliest of all swamp-loving plants. Its golden yellow flowers appear in April or early May. A more refined double form is available from large nurseries.
Shrubs for these areas are chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa), highbush cranberry (Viburnum trilobum), small pussy willows (Salix), dogwoods (Cornus), the sweetshrub (Clethra alniJfolia) and the buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis). Pussy willows do well, but get those that do not grow into large trees. The pinkish flowered French pussy willow is one and the goat willow (Salix caprea) is another. For a massive and out-of-this-world effect grow the
Sekko willow (Salix sachalinensis Sekko ) and be facinated with its twisting and twirling club-shaped fasciated branches.
The buttonbush, (Cephalanthus occidentalis) is a native shrub with creamy white golf-ball-shaped flowers, which grows in wet soil.
If trees are needed, use the hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), pin oak (Quercus palustris), or red oak (Quercus borealis); and, ifthere is ample room, try a golden weeping willow (Salix alba Tristis ).
For ponds and other areas impossible or too expensive to drain, grow special plants such as the flowering rush (Buttomus umbellatus), flag iris (Irispseudacorus), and arrowhead (Saggitaria latifolia). These grow only where water stands all the time. Some water plant catalogues list many forms of cattails and ofcourse these are naturals for such locations.
Drying Flowers
(Conclusion from page 9)
Some general hints we found handy last year are as follows: 1) strip all foliage from the stems of flowers such as roses, and annuals, as it usually crumbles when dried; 2) split open and deseed pods such as milkweed before it happens automatically; 3) make sure flowers and foliage to be preserved are clean ofdried soil, dust or spidery webs; 4) air-dry smaller flowers on stems in small hanging bunches of ten; 5) small stemmed weeds and/or seed pods may be dried by standing them in a jar; 6) a poorly lighted, dry area is usually best for retention of natural colour when processing; 7) use of a dehumidifier is recommended in the area; and 8) stop picking if you suddenly get the sneezes or an itchy nose, as you probably have an allergy to certain forms ofplant life!
These tips, together with the booklet Preserving Beautiful Flowers should enable beginners to gather an abundance of plant materials for preserving from the cottage country, woods and gardens, or even on the farm. I am presently calling on volunteers to help cut, wire, tape, strip, hang and otherwise process the materials for our own arrangements that are sold. from the Centre. If you have not heard from me, and wish to participate, please contact the office.
Trellis 7/ 11
Events in blue held at Civic Garden Centre; more data from the Centre (445-1552) unless a specific phone number given. All other events (in black) held elsewhere; for data call phone number given. All events begin at 8:00 pm unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations used as follows: H. = Horticultural; S. = Society; and G.C. = Garden Club. Note: Civic Garden Centre Shop and Library open 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, Monday to Friday, plus additional hours listed below.
Sun Mon Tues
Juty 1
Agincourt G.C. Rose and
Library and Shop open 1 to 5:00 pm
Wed
8
Uxbridge H.S. Ra Lily Show (294-1701) (859-6959)
14 |E Toronto H. & Dahlias. 15 16 Lily Show (691-3665) Stouffville H.S. Flower Show (640-1922)
Library and Shop open 1 Woodbridge H.S. Summer Garto 5:43 pm 5 den Show (851-0300)
21
Library and Shop open 1 to 5:00 pm
22 |Lake simcoe (sutton) 23 H.S. (476-3087)
Library and Shop open 1 to 5:00 pm
Library and Shop open 1 to 5:00 pm }7 North Toronto H.S. An- : : - s 413 moon 1 1|Agincourt Gc. summer |2 |Richmond Hill H. S. Sum- 1 3 |canadian iris s Mt. Albert H.S. 50th Anni- Show (294-1701) mer Garden Show (884- ronto Group Iri versary Show at 1:00 pm (473- 2286) at 7:00 pm 2120)
Library and Shop open 12 noon to 7:00 pm Library open 7 1
Uxbridge H.S. Annual |8 |scamorough Hs. sum- 19 20 Show at 2:00 pm (852- mer Show (282-8728) 6959)
Library and Shop open 1 to 5:00
25 Markham H.S. Summer 26 Lake Simcoe (Sutton) 27 Brooklin H.S.
Library and Shop open 1 to 5:00pm Show (294-3267) E. Toronto H. & Dahlia S. Summer Show (691-3665) H.S. Show (476-3087) Show (655-379(
Aurora H.S. Rose Show (727-6232) Newmarket H. S. Rose Show (895-4145)
and Shop open 1 to 5:00pm
Canadian Geranium and Pelargonium Society Annual Show (889-0181) Richmond Hill H. S. Party (884-2286)
and Shop open 1 to 5:00
H.S. (459-0119)
Canadian Chrysanthe- 22 mum and Dahlia S. regular meeting (223-2964) Stouffville H.S. 50th Anniversary Show at 2 and 7:00 pm (6401922) Brampton H.S. (459-0119) Beaverton H.S. Annual Show at 3 and 7:00 pm (426-7878)
to 9:00
North Toronto H.S. Annual Show at 2:30 pm Cloverleaf Garden Club Summer Show (278-3476) Mt. Albert H.S. 50th Anniversary Show at 2:00 pm (473-2120) Library and Shop open 1 to 9:00
Newmarket H.S. Summer Show at 2:00 pm (8954145) Uxbridge H.S. Annual Show at 2:00 pm (852-6959)
and Shop open 1 to 5:00
Aurora H.S. Summer Show 24 at 5:00 pm (727-6232)
East York G.C. Annual Show at 6:00 pm (425-7496)
Georgina Brock (Wilfrid) H.S. Annual Show, 2:00 pm (432-2592) North York H.S. 50th Anniversary Annual Show, 3 pm (221-2158)
Nobleton H.S. Flower Show at 2:30 pm (859-0808)
Lakeshore H.S. Fall Show at 6:30 pm (278-2517)
Oshawa H.S. Annual Show at 2:00 pm (728-8302)
Library and Shop open 110 5:00pm
T he oft asked question of how do you tell if a rose bush has gone wild is easily answered. Scrape away a little soil from beside the main stem, and look for the bump on the stem which is the point at which the bush was budded onto its rootstock (this bump should be about one-inch below the soil surface). Any growths coming from below this bump will be wild growths of the rootstock that will produce only small, insignificant (ifany) flowers, rather than the beautiful, large flowers for which the bush was purchased. From the time active growth starts in the spring until it finishes in the fall, it is an excellent idea to examine your rose bushes regularly for the possibility of suckers coming up from below the bud. When these are not removed immedi-
The rose Charlotte Armstrong is an excellent example of the most popular class of roses the Hybrid Tea.
Water is the Key to beautiful Summer Roses John Bradshaw*
ately, they tend to overcome the desired variety.
Hot weather is the enemy of roses. We overcome many of its effects by applying plenty of water to keep up the steady flow of moisture from the soil to ihe leaves. Water is absorbed through the roots, carries the plant food nutrients to the leaves and eventually the water is passed off into the air by evaporation. Observations made during some recent scientific tests show that healthy rose bushes give off or transpire as much as five gallons of water every day during the hot months of July and August. At that time, you can hardly give your bushes too much water.
The most important consideration in watering is to make certain that the job is thoroughly done. We must soak the soil sufficiently well that the moisture will carry down to the deepest roots of the rose plants. I find the best way of making sure this happens is to remove the nozzle from your garden hose, close the tap to the point where the water just trickles out, and set the mouth of the hose on a board or shingle which will spread the moisture over a wide area and prevent erosion of the soil. Another excellent way ofwatering roses is to use one of the plastic soakers which gradually release the water at a rate which will allow the earth to absorb it without run-off. Be sure to avoid merely sprinkling the surface of the ground.
Early morning or late afternoon are the two best times to water. With early morning watering, the foliage, as well as, the soil can be drenched as the sunshine, wind and warm temperatures will soon dry off the foliage. On the other hand, moisture on the foliage during
* Mr. Bradshaw is Canada s best-known garden broadcaster and writer. His broadcast is heard each Saturday morning at 10:07 am over radio CFRB and his column appears twice weekly in the Toronto Sun.
the night encourages the development of fungus diseases such as black spot and powdery mildew. In order to supply enough moisture the applicator must be allowed to soak the soil for two or three hours once a week. During the hottest and driest time in July and early August, you may find that you will need to water twice a week.
It s surprising how close to the surface ofthe soil are some ofthe roots ofroses. This means that cultivation must be done with care. The main purpose of cultivating is to get rid of the weeds which make the rose bed unattractive and which vigorously compete with bushes for plant food and moisture. Where the weeds are growing close to the bushes, hand pulling is the best method of removing them.
In my garden, I use one of the new combination rose foods which contain a pre-emergence weed killer, a systemic insecticide for killing sucking insects, such as, aphids, as well as, plant food. One application now and another in early August will be sufficient.
Many of the better rose growers use heavy mulches around their roses to keep down the weeds, conserve moisture, add fertility to the soil and to lower the soil temperature in the summer as much as ten degrees.
The best time to apply a mulch is before the roses start to bloom. All weeds should be removed by shallow cultivation and the soil raked lightly before applying. Spread it around the plants three inches deep and keep five or six inches away from the stems ofbushes to allow the free circulation of air.
Milne House
Garden Club
prepares for Annual Fund-Raising Fashion and Art Show
Mrs. Eleanor Wickman,
Once a year the members of Milne House Garden Club hold a fund-raising event. For the past seven years this has taken the form of a fashion show with flowers and art. This year it will be bigger and better than ever! The reason
it will be combined with the annual flower show of the club.
The Girls in Pink , as they are referred to at the Civic Garden Centre, start early in January to plan for this event and plans are well under way for a spectacular this year. Proceeds from these events in the past have helped finance an active programme for Milne House members as well as funding the purchase of furnishings such as drapes and auditorium chairs for the Civic Garden Centre. Much of the proceeds from this year s presentation will be invested in a conservation project of the Garden Clubs of Ontario in order to leave a visible legacy of natural flora and fauna for our grandchildren and their children in the midst ofour mushrooming development.
The Patricia White Shop will provide the gowns, Georgina Spearn the hats, Cardish Furs the exotic furs at Fashions with Flowers on Wednesday, September 25, 1974 at 7:30 pm. in the Minkler Auditorium of Seneca College. Members of Milne House Garden Club and their families act as models of the very wearable fashions. An addition of male fashions will be made to the show this year.
The afternoon showing of fashions has been pre-empted this year by our annual flower show. An extravaganza of creative artistic flower arrangements and horticulture will be presented along with films and demonstrations.
Canada s well-known gardening expert, John Bradshaw has graciously consented to open the show and present the awards to the winners.
Tickets for both performances are now on sale through any member of Milne House Garden Club. All seats for the evening performance are reserved so get your tickets soon and:
KEEP THIS DATE WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1974
SENECA COLLEGE MILNE HOUSE GARDEN CLUB FASHIONS WITH FLOWERS
Trellis
AUTUMN GARDENING COURSE
A six-week course begins at the Civic Garden Centre on Monday, September 16, and continues until Monday, October 28, with no scheduled talk on the holiday Monday, October 14. Topics to be included are pruning, forcing bulbs for indoor bloom, propagation, trees and shrubs for autumn planting, and house plants through the winter.
The course will be given both at 1:30 in the afternoon and in the evening at 8:00 each day, and a reduction in the small fee is applicable to members of the Civic Garden Centre. Telephone the office now, 445-1552, to be placed on the mailing list for further details.
FOUR STEPS TO A BEAUTIFUL LAWN.
So-Green has developed an easy-to-follow, four step program that will guarantee you a beautiful lawn. Each step is being outlined in this publication during the appropriate period of time
STEP3:MAY JUNE JULYAUGUST.
Feed and water your lawn now to protect it against the hot weather ahead. Use So-Green High Organic 10-6-4 (contains 70% Milorganite plus 20 trace elements) Its designed to feed all types of grasses, will not burn, and does not require watering in. If weeds are a problem, use So-Green Weed Killer plus 10-5-10 fertilizer in May or June. It kills dandelions, plantain and other broadleaf weeds while feeding your lawn
16 / June 1974
High Organic available in 50 Ib. bags. Apply High Organic 10-6-4 af 10 Ibs. per 1000 sq. ft
Weed Killer available in 60 Ib., 40 Ib. and 20 Ib. bags and 5 Ib boxes. Apply Weed Killer 10-5-10 at 10 Ibs. per 1000 sq. ft.
For a free copy of the complete So-Green Four Step Program write to the address below.
Sufireel
So-Green Division, F. Manley Cor poration.25LesmillRoad, Don Mills, Ontario
The Civic Garden Centre s activities are many and varied, but one of a rather different nature is our garden therapy group which is nearing the end of its tenth consecutive year of monthly meetings. Inaugurated by Mrs. Lucy Giles, an ex-physiotherapist and member of the Centre, the therapy group grew under her guidance, plus the assistance of many volunteers. Following Mrs. Giles retirement from the leadership, the 1972-73 seasons were capably managed by the warmly appreciated Mrs. Sheila Palmer, also a Centre and Milne House Garden Club member. Mrs. Palmer was forced to give up the group when she and her husband moved from Canada.
September 1973 was the time I first learned the details of the group, as I stepped in to fill the vacancy left by Mrs. Palmer. It was a joy to feel and see the vital rapport and camaraderie that exists between the members, volunteer drivers, and ladies of the Delta Chi Sigma Society (Delta Eta Chapter) who thoughtfully provide home-prepared refreshments each session.
New members are referred by the Canadian Arthritis and Rheumatism Society, and occasionally by the attending physician of the Orthopaedic and Arthritic Hospital. Members undergoing treatment at the hospital, but able to participate are usually taxied to and from meetings, but the greater majority are chauffered back and forth from their Metro homes by a small group of wonderfully reliable drivers. For several members the once-a-month meeting is the only social activity available. The programme for each meeting is geared as closely as possible to gardening/horticulture and related subjects, and we try to vary the subjects for each meeting. This past season s activities will illustrate the group s variety ofsub-
Centre s Garden Therapy Group celebrates Tenth Anniversary
Mrs. Eileen Brooks, Co-ordinator
ject matter: guest Miss Jessie Watson gave a colour slide presentation of her trip to the Galapagos Islands and Argentina, showing the flora and fauna; we conducted a terrarium plant replacement workshop to rejuvenate terrariums planted in the previous year; we viewed the colour film Queen of Autumn about the history of the Japanese chrysanthemum cultivation, and enjoyed a lively talk by Mrs. Wendy Hillier, the Centre s librarian; the group appreciated their annual session making Christmas tablecentres with assorted pines cones, evergreens and candles; we explained the basic macramé knots and discussed hand-made articles for practice at home; guest instructor, Mrs. Marj. Garrett, showed the making ofhanging macramé pot/planter holders; we made dried flower arrangements, and gave a demonstration of jiffy-pot plantings with items supplied for home growing; an excursion was made to Toronto s Allan Gardens, and a picnic held in Edwards Gardens.
Financial support of$100 is given annually by the Delta Eta girls, the money coming from a bridge party. In addition, the Milne House Garden Club annually donates$50 as one ofits projects. This $150 covers the costs of materials and supplies other than what is donated. Currently there are 28 members in the group (excluding hospital patients whose attendance is not consistent), with one or two seeking membership almost monthly. Unfortunately, we cannot continue to expand (membership generally remains constant, as some members have to discontinue for varying reasons), unless more drivers are available. Ifyou, or a friend, can offer to drive one afternoon per month (usually Wednesdays or Fridays, from 1:30 to 3:30) for nine months, we should be delighted to hear from you.
Trellis / 17
Once upon a time there lived in Toronto a man named Diamond who had done very well in the garment industry. He attributed his success to what he called his thoroughness. He was a stickler for details. In short, Diamond was a perfectionist.
When our perfectionist retired to a fine estate in the country he decided to spend his declining years growing his own fruit and vegetables. With his customary thoroughness he obtained all the standard texts on fruit growing and read them from cover to cover.
One in particular pleased him. Not only did it give precise instructions about every step from acquiring and planting the fruit trees to harvesting the ripe fruit, but it contained a planting plan which delighted his orderly soul.
In this plan the spaces between the apples and pears were planted with peaches. The spaces between the rows of fruit trees were planted with the soft fruits and leafy vegetables. The author explained that the peaches would bear soon after planting and that by the time the apples and pears had grown large enough for fruiting, the peaches could be grubbed out to make room for them. As it turned out he didn t have to wait that long.
Shortly after he d applied the limesulphur spray to the apple trees all the leaves on his peaches shrivelled up and fell off. In vain did he search in the well-worn text under the chapter on Diseases . This was apparently a new kind ofdisease. How was he to know it was the lime-sulphur drift from the apples that had killed his peach leaves? So he grubbed out the leafless trees and was still in time to plant beets, lettuce, and spinach in their place.
Undismayed by this reverse, and confident that his devotion to detail and the thoroughness that had brought him 18 / June 1974
who believed everything He saw in Print
I. B. Lucas*
such success in the garment industry could not fail with his fruit, he proceeded to carry out the spray instructions in his text with meticulous care. Instead of assuming that three teaspoonsful of spray ehemical equalled one .ounce he equipped himself with pharmaceutical scales and weighed out the spray ingredients to the last gram. So familiar did he become with the spray instructions that he could have repeated pages of them verbatim.
As May warmed into June and June ripened into July you never saw such thrifty fruit trees. Not a blemish on a single leaf, not a stingon a single fruit.
How perfect the autumn harvest would have been will never be known, for Diamond and his wife and three children departed this life shortly after they had started eating the leafy vegetables he had grown between the fruit trees. A coroner s jury returned a verdict of arsenical poisoning due to a build-up of lead arsenate from the fruit tree sprays.
Moral
Don t believe everything you see in print, or, if you prefer
An ounce of EXPERIENCE is worth a pound of TEXTBOOKS.
A corollary to this Fable was the letter I wrote to four leading seed houses in which I described the garden in the fable and asked their advice. In each case their reply contained the identical advice given by the fabled author. I then wrote each of them something like this:
I know nothing about fruit growing
* Mr. Lucas is an Ontario lawyer whose practice has always taken second place to his interest in dwarf fruit trees. Author of the Herblock Loames series ofgardening fables thatappear first in Trellis.this reprint of an incident from his book The Footloose Gardener. replaces the regular episode of Herblock s adventures for this issue only.
but an old man who has been growing fruit all his life told me I must have misunderstood your letter since the limesulphur drift would defoliate my peaches and the lead-arsenate drift would poison my leafy vegetables and soft fruits. I know he must be wrong about this but, for what it is worth, 1 thought I would pass on to you what he had said.
The four replies were not identical but nearly so. Fruit protection was becoming very specialized and I should check with the government experimental station. In the meantime it might be better not to use lime-sulphur or lead-arsenate. They themselves were not authorities on fruit protection and intended to check with government entomologists. I felt like suggesting that it
Lawn and garden gypsum is a relatively unknown soil conditioner which breaks up clay and improves the tilth, improving drainage and permitting water and fertilizers to penetrate the soil better. Gypsum also furnishes calcium and sulfur nutrients, which are important to plant growth, and it helps stimulate decomposition of organic materials, thereby liberating other valuable nutrients.
The most dramatic effect of gypsum is the transformation ofcompacted clay soil into friable. well-drained soil. Clay soil has millions of small thin plates, tightly stacked on top of each other, leaving almost no space for needed air and moisture. Lawn and garden gypsum combines these plates into granules which have moisture and air spaces between them.
Damage from salt used to melt ice and snow can be counteracted with spring and fall applications of gypsum because the gypsum rapidly replaces harmful alkali salt with neutral. soluble calcium. Dog damage, being similar to salt damage, can be reduced to a minimum in the same manner. By improving soil structure, gypsum
might be interesting ifthey also checked with the coroners in the communities where they had previously been handing out this kind of lethal advice!
Flower Arranging
(Conclusion from page 8) Thursdays beginning September 12 at 1:30, with Mrs. Dorothy Ross instructing, and also at 8:00 in the evening.
May I suggest you visit a number of the summer flower shows in your area dates are given in our centrefold calendar. These are all amateur shows, usually put on by horticultural and garden societies and clubs. The level ofexcellence will surely prompt you to sign up for these September classes at the Centre. Telephone your interest to the office now.
Ideal, economic Soil Conditioner aids many Garden Tasks
promotes stronger and deeper rooting and provides many other advantages. At the same time lawn and garden gypsum is neutral in reaction so it doesn t burn plants (or gardeners) or tie up any essential nutrients by alkalizing soils as lime can in certain cases.
Finally, this product is inexpensive and easy to apply. Simply spread lawn and garden gypsum uniformly over your garden soil at a rate of 30 Ib. per 100 sq. ft. of area. Whenever possible, work the gypsum into the soil lightly. In most soil-conditioning instances you need only repeat this application once a year for two or three years. Gypsum dissolves in rainwater or water from a garden hose and penetrates about six inches peryear in clay soil. And remember, it can be applied at any time of year.
Spreading gypsum at the rate of50 Ib. per 1,000 sq. ft. can also improve your lawn. However. new lawns need 100 Ib. per 1.000 sq. ft. with even heavier applications on high-clay soils. For shrubs, spade one to two pounds around each shrub and water liberally to get the gypsum down to the roots. Applications should be made in both spring and fall.
Centre s Shop features everything needed for Flower Drying
Mrs. Doris Weir, Shop Director
With the peak flower-drying season almost upon us, the Centre s shop is well supplied with its own brand of supplies Flora-Cure for the drying of almost all types offlowers from roses to delphiniums, lilies and annuals (such as marigolds); and Folia-Preserve for preserving some of the beautiful branches of foliage, particularly that ofgreen and bronze beeches. Along with the purchase of a container of either one of these specially packaged products, we make the booklet Preserving Beautiful Flowers available for only 50¢ the regular price being $1. Our shop has all of the other supplies you will need, from the pruning shears (several different types) for cutting the materials, to the wire for strengthening the stems, and the containers in which to arrange your masterpieces.
Ever wanted to decorate an ugly wall
New cordless electric sprayer provides versatile control of garden pests with lightweight, hand-held convenience and pushbutton ease. One power charge will last for over three half-gallon fillings. Special nozzle adjusts from a fine mist for flowers and houseplants, to a coarse spray for weeds, tall plants and small trees.
in your garden? Now there is a simple way Pot-Klips. These metal clips are simply screwed onto the wall with one screw, and then any size of clay pot from two to eight inch is placed in the holder. Pots may be easily moved around from one clip to another, or removed to work on the plants. We have these clips on cards complete with simple instructions.
In an early issue of Trellis mention was made of a new polymer that had been developed by Union Carbide as a soil additive and which was extremely useful in considerably lengthening the time .between waterings for hanging flower baskets and containers. The product is agricultural Hydrogel, and we now have a small supply in our shop. It comes in a two-pound container which is sufficient for at least four average hanging baskets. Cost is under $10 an excellent buy when you consider that it will protect your valuable outdoor plantings from drying out if you are away from your apartment or home for a long weekend.
Those interested in making pot pourri at home will be interested in a new product from England Bio Pot Pourri. A $1.50 carton is sufficient to make eight pints of fragrant pot pourri without complicated recipes.
Finally this month, a new development from the H. J. Hudson Manufacturing Company leaders in spray applicators. The new sprayer will tackle almost any spraying job around the lawn and garden from flowers and lawn weeds to small trees. The sprayer is also ideal for use indoors to mist houseplants or to dispense such household materials as cleaning solutions and disinfectants. Available with half-gallon or one-gallon containers, the Hudson Cordless Electric Sprayer is powered by rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries to dispense a continuous, even-pressure spray. The special nozzle sprays minimum volume with maximum coverage for peak spray efficiency and adjusts from a fine mist, ideal for flowers, to a 12-ft. spray to reach and cover tall plants and small trees. With the nozzle set at mist spray, a half-gallon filling will cover all the flowers and shrubs around an average home. Come in and see it soon.
Centre s Library goes on lengthened Summer borrowing Schedule
Mrs. Wendy Hillier, Librarian
Wit the long hot summer rapidly approaching, think of the children complaining of nothing to do. Smell the warm inviting scent of fresh fruits and vegetables and imagine the prices they will be demanding in local shops come autumn. Or, cast your mind back to those frantic days last December when you promised yourself to start gifts and decorations in July next year . Well, next year is here! Prepare now to avoid these awful situations.
Beginning June 17, we instituted our summer loan period. Up to six books may be borrowed per member for the summer with a due date of September 4.
Out-of-Doors in Summer, at $6.95 is just the pleasant sort of thought we like to entertain this time ofyear. C. J. Hylander s book will help the new cottager to a more keen appreciation ofnature. WildGreen Things in the City, $6.85, is such an exquisite book it could make even a reluctant stay-at-home feel lucky. Anne Ophelia Dowden s beautiful illustrations of weeds to be found in sidewalk cracks, between buildings, and in other unlikely spots, can open the eyes of both adults and children to wildflower treasures close to home.
If a trip to the seashore is in the offing, dip into the How and Why Wonder Book of Sea Shells. Cost is only $1.75, and the book will help organize the boxes ofshells brought home from former vacations! For a day ofquiet activity, Collect, Print and Paint from Nature, $4.50, by John Hawkinson has many ideas. Many ofus have tried spatter painting, but what about leaf prints or painting with cattails and moss?
A day or two of rain are often welcomed by adults but rarely by young people. The day everyone is house-bound may be the day to bring out Learning About Nature Through Games, $4.95, by Virginia Musselman.
Small children love to read too, and the library and bookshop have many books of fancy for youngsters. Consider these: The Rose ofBaziz ($2.95) by Chip Young; Eric Plants a Garden ($4.95) by Jean Hudlow; and Gaston s Ghastly Green Thumb (84.95) by Robert Littell. With the children active, perhaps you can help solve the food problem by Putting Food By, at $4.50. Ruth Hertzberg gives practical advice on freezing, canning, drying, root cellaring, all the way through to making cottage cheese and waterglassing eggs. Recipes too, for using preserved foods.
To stretch the budget even further, explore The Edible Wild, a complete cookbook and guide to edible wild plants in Canada and eastern North America, $2.95, by Berglund and Bolsby. If that approach seems too risky Cucumbers in a Flowerpot, also $2.95, by Alice Skelsey, may give you new ideas for container gardening. Member, Margaret Hutchinson, has supplied us with the following review of Wildflowers and Weeds by Booth Courtenay and James H. Zimmerman. The book sells at $11.50.
At first glance, it is the excellently scaled colour photographs of650 ofthe most common wildflowers and weeds, found in the Great Lakes area, which attract the interested amateur to this book. The beginner is concerned with identification; however accurate and charming drawings may be, they do not afford the instant recogni- tion of the photograph. Turning to the text, it emphasizes the importance of habitat and structure in recognition of individual plants and greater knowledge ofplant life in general . Concise descriptions of various habitats are followed by a pictorial glos- sary of plant terms, and 11 charts of family groups of plants with a key to their use. In the picture section, the captions include: English and botanical name, flowering period, plant size possibilities, habitat and distinguishing field clues. Well-printed, well-arranged, handily-sized this book has a lot to commend it.
Trellis / 21
Twitch (or couch, or quack) grass is that wide-bladed grass that grows faster than the good lawn grasses and if allowed to go uncut for more than a week, usually produces a tough seed spike that reel-type lawn mowers (though not the otherwise inferior rotary-type mowers) usually leave uncut.
Since it is unaffected by regular lawn weedkillers, up until recently, twitch grass has been almost impossible to control unless you dug it all out carefully removing all ofthe root parts, and remaining broken segments of the plants underground stems which would grow into new spreading plants. The only other alternative was to apply a non-selective weedkiller (one that kills all green growth with which it comes in contact) known chemically as aminotriazol. Use of this chemical, however, was limited to spot treatments, since it kills all vegetation, and unfortunately its three-week activity period in the soil dictated that no grass seed could be sown for some time after treatment.
Now we have two newer chemicals, which when combined in a mixture, will provide a good kill of twitch grass, wither through spot treatments, or over large grass areas, and you may re-seed as soon as 48 hoursafter treatment. The chemicals are identified on product labels as Paraquat and Diquat, and at least one manufacturer makes the combination available either as a sprayfoam aerosol bomb, or as packaged soluble granules. The spray foam aerosol bomb is useful for spot treatment of small patches while the granules dissolved in water may be applied with a watering can to larger infested areas.
If your lawn is badly infested with this weed grass, you still have time to apply these chemicals this month, and by re-sodding right away, you will be 22 / June 1974
And, may | now have the sixth Last Word ?
Art C. Drysdale,
Editor
able to boast a beautiful new lawn by mid-July. Be sure to apply the product only to the twitch grass, keeping away from other greenery. However, you need not worry about the product affecting the roots oftrees and shrubs as it becomes inert when it hits the soil.
Since the action of the chemicals is based on their activity on green foliage, it is best that the weed grasses be as long as possible particularly nor freshly cut. Also, the product is best applied at dusk or on a day when the sun is continually behind the clouds. Rainfall later on in the night after application should not dilute the kill effect but rather may help it. Some resistant varieties ofweed grasses may have to be treated more than once, but you will know two days (48 hours) after the treatment whether a further overall treatment, or just spot spraying, is necessary. Two days after the complete kill is achieved, turn over the affected soil area to the depth of your garden spade, perhaps taking away the portions of the old sod that remain on the surface. Before re-sodding. you should incorporate some dehydrated cow manure into the soil (especially in heavy clay or sandy soils) and add a handful of 5-20-0 (or similar high middle number) fertilizer at the rate of at least a cupful per square foot.
When buying the sod, be sure it is fresh looking, and ask for a pamphlet of instructions on how to lay it. And, most important, put the sprinkler on the area immediately after you have the sod laid. You may also be interested to know that the same products described here may be used to control weeds growing at the base of a hedge, or even in between plantings of flowers and vegetables provided you do not, apply any of the chemicals on the desirable plants!
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