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Homework/Revision Reminder You will be set homework today. It is due for: (date) It can be found at: (TGI Location) Help can be found on: (Revision session date)
Why did the Vikings raid the West?
LO: To examine historical debate of push & pull factors.
Key Words • Migration: To leave your country for another. • Factor: A reason for doing something. • Raid: A shock attack on an opponent that usually aims to steal resources or gold.
Starter – Look at the map below of raids conducted by the Vikings. What can you infer about how and why they attacked other countries?
Why did the Vikings leave Scandinavia and start raiding?
• The Vikings are perhaps most famous for their brutal raids on other countries. • While historians have plenty of knowledge of where and when raids occurred, there is much debate as to why they happened.
Push & Pull Factors for Migration
• A PUSH FACTOR is a reason that causes someone to want to leave their homeland (such as war or poverty). • A PULL FACTOR is a reason that attracts someone to live in a certain place (such as better opportunities and wealth).
Why did Viking forces leave Scandinavia? Most Important
• Examine the cards you have been given. 1. Organise these in Push & Pull factors. 3. Now organise into a pyramid showing which you believe were the most important reasons for the Vikings leaving Scandinavia.
Least Important
Least Important
Least Important
Extension: Discuss whether any of these factors could have had a ‘knock on’ effect on each other.
Why did Viking forces leave Scandinavia? I think the most important reason for the Vikings leaving Scandinavia is…, this is because… Two other causes of Viking migration were…, they caused it because… Extension: Suggest your least important and why.
The Attack on Lindisfarne • In 793, 'Northmen' attacked the Christian monastery on the island of Lindisfarne in Northumbria, in north-east England. • Northumbria was an English kingdom, and its monasteries were famous for books, art and treasures. • Examine the source to find out what happened.
Independent Study – Answer the following questions on the Lindisfarne Attack (Use TGi Space)
1. Why was Lindisfarne monastery raided? 2. What tactics did the Vikings use? 3. How did the British people react? 4. Why do you think historians have referred to Lindisfarne as the “9/11” of the 8th Century?
• One theory for Viking migration is that their land in Scandinavia was becoming overpopulated with too many people. • Competition for farmland led to infighting amongst warlords which led to many people wanting to escape and start a new life elsewhere. • A Norman historian called Dudo Saint-Quentin even describes a type of ‘lottery’ where people were randomly selected to leave their homelands and move abroad.
• A somewhat simple theory for why the Vikings began to raid is that it was profitable. • Early raiders had attacked Francia (France) and came home with treasures to tell of their glory. • Naturally many more Vikings chose to take up raiding to earn their riches!
• Viking trading in north-Western Europe increased dramatically in the 8th Century. • Trading posts meant that Vikings became much more familiar with the wealthy towns of Francia and modern Germany. • Historians argue that as technology advanced, Vikings realised they could raid these towns rather than trade with them.
• The advancement of Viking ships could be a reason for the increase in raiding in the early 8th Century. • The use of sails and shallow hulls (the body of the boat) meant that Viking ships were fast and able to travel up rivers. • This would make attacks easier as the Vikings could surprise enemies and escape before any armies arrived.
• Some historians argue that food supplies were running short in Scandinavia, meaning that Vikings needed to move South. • There is evidence to suggest that climate changes made farming and fishing harder, with their main source of food (herring fish) disappearing from the North Sea. • Viking farming was extremely poor as they had not discovered how to fertilise crops to help them grow in harsh conditions.
• Viking inheritance law was under agnatic primogeniture. • This meant that when a Viking died, his eldest son inherited all of his land a possessions. • This meant that second-sons and other heirs needed to go and find their own land and fortunes!