Which tactical advantage do you think was most effective and why? ective f f e t s o m e • I think th y the b d e y lo p m tactic e , this is … s a w s g in Vik because… here this w f o le p m • An exa actic t is h t , … s a was used w cause… e b l u f s s e c was suc sed’. u ‘ : d e y lo p m Key Word: e
Homework/Revision Reminder You will not be set homework this lesson. It is due for: N/A It can be found at: (TGI Location) Help can be found on: (Revision session date)
How did the Vikings conquer Northern Europe?
LO: To assess the impact of Viking expansion.
Key Words • Invasion: An attack on an opponents land. • Siege: An attack on a city or building with attackers trying to gain entry.
Starter • Examine the following image. • With your partner, annotate what examples of Viking warfare are shown in the image. • Extension: Suggest three emotions felt by the people inside the city.
The Siege of Paris (845) • The source shows the Viking invasion of Paris led by Danish leader Ragnar Lodbrook. • Ragnar defeated the French army of Charles the Bald, sacked and looted the city, and only agreed to leave once he had been paid 2,570 kilograms of gold and silver!!! • More Vikings would return to Paris in the 890s after hearing about Ragnar’s huge payoff.
Greenland Faroe Islands Iceland Vinland
• Not all Viking invasions were for raiding purposes. • Many were looking for new lands to settle. • Viking ship technology allowed the settlement of the Faroe islands, Iceland, Greenland and Vinland. We will be looking at these settlements in future lessons.
18 Mark Structure: • “How far do you agree…” Writing a balanced argument to analyse a statement. This is supported with specific and detailed evidence, using understanding of historical concepts of diversity to enhance its clarity.
18 Mark Structure • Provide 3 explained points in DETAIL for each side of the argument. • You will need to give specific evidence (examples) to support every point you make. Be direct. • You will need to provide a balanced judgement. • You should spend about 25 minutes writing your answer in the exam.
Example Answer - “The study of Viking society in their homelands of Scandinavia shows us that they were much more than just warriors”. How far do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer.
• Read the example answer. • Using two colours, highlight; – point – detailed evidence. * Links to the question
Example Answer - “The study of Viking society in their homelands of Scandinavia shows us that they were much more than just warriors”. How far do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer. I partially agree that the study of Viking society in their homelands of Scandinavia shows us that they were much more than just warriors. However, there is also evidence to suggest that Vikings were, at times, just warriors.
On one hand, I agree that the study of Viking society in their homelands shows us that they were much more than just warriors. Even if the Vikings were known abroad as ruthless pirates, at home they lived in a well-ordered society, based on laws and democracy. As part of the feudal structure that Vikings lived in, they would make use of councils to make important decisions. Council meetings (Things) would be held for the senior members of the tribes (Jarls) and would be decided by democratic vote. Also, many historians regard Viking women as some of the most equal in Europe at the time. Viking women were able to own land and property, worked a variety of jobs that were the same as men and could even seek divorce as she was equal to her husband. Secondly, the existence of a trading empire reaching as far East as Constantinople suggests that the Vikings did not only rely on raiding to gain resources. Towns such as Bergen, (Norway) Hedeby (Denmark) and Birka (Sweden) became huge settlements due to the trade that passed through. Archaeologists have found many foreign artefacts in these areas such as significant amounts of silver and rare goods and accounts of Viking merchants by Arab scholars illustrates their interest in exploration as well as conquest. Finally, the value placed on family and honour suggests that Vikings were far more than just warriors. Viking rituals and remembrance ceremonies such as ship burials and runestones show the strength of these family ties. For instance, the Lingsberg Runestone was erected by a mother and her sons in remembrance for their husband and father.
On the other hand, I partially disagree that the study of Viking society in their homelands shows that they were more than just warriors. Firstly, Viking beliefs in the Norse gods suggest that their society was warlike; fearlessness and success in battle was considered honourable to Vikings, and to get to Valhalla, the hall of Odin, a Viking would have to die in battle. Disputes between Kings or Jarls were settled by wars, and of course raiding was a major part of Viking culture to gain resources from the West. Even some Viking women were warriors, known as ‘shieldmaidens’, although the majority chose to stay at home to look after the land and children. Vikings are remembered for their brutal attacks on monasteries such as Lindisfarne and the siege of Paris, and this is a huge part of their culture and history. Also, the fact that many Viking treasures found in Scandinavia are associated with war further confirms that this was at the core of their lives. The Oseberg longship, for example, from a Norwegian burial mound and built for a 9th century Queen, tells us that the highest honour was to be a warrior at sea. Also, Damascus Steel, wielded into weaponry has been found in areas of Scandinavia; a telling sign of the nature of Viking society.
To conclude, I agree that study of Viking society in their homelands of Scandinavia shows us that they were much more than just warriors. Archaeological finds such as impressive, high quality crafts and bronze scales to measure silver as money, suggest a civilised society and one that may have been the forefather of modern democratic society. However, Viking society was also warlike and this permeated through every part of their daily lives and rituals. Of course, it is difficult to speak of ‘the Vikings’ as one people as there was such a diverse amount of tribes and different types of Vikings throughout Scandinavia, therefore it is difficult to know if some tribes were more warlike than others.
Example Answer - “The study of Viking society in their homelands of Scandinavia shows us that they were much more than just warriors”. How far do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer.
• Using the mark scheme; • Select a level and mark for the answer and explain your reasoning. (It is NOT full marks, why?) • What target might be appropriate for this answer?
18 Marker – Mark Scheme Level and Marks
Description
Level 5 (15-18 marks)
•
Level 4 (11-14 marks)
•
Level 3 (710 marks)
•
Level 2 (46 marks)
•
Level 1 (13 marks)
•
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
Tick level and give mark
Makes clear points and gives specific and relevant examples as evidence. Strong explanation & links to the question throughout. Judgement is balanced and well-supported. Excellent spelling and grammar. Makes clear points and gives specific and relevant examples as evidence. Strong explanation & links to the question. Judgement is balanced and supported with some reasons. Excellent spelling and grammar.
Mid L4 because links to question not made throughout.
Relevant points made that are mostly supported by detailed examples. Some explanation & some links to the question. Judgement is one-sided and supported with some reasons. Spelling and grammar good throughout. Relevant points made that are supported by some examples but limited explanation & links to the question. Simple, one-sided judgement. Spelling and grammar good throughout Mostly simple points that are not supported by evidence, may read more like a list of points. Limited different areas covered. Poor spelling and grammar.
Target for this answer:
Give one more point for your disagree paragraph and link your argument back to the question.
“Viking raiding was so successful because of its use of fear”. How far do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer. (18) • You have 30 minutes to have a go at a perfect 18 mark answer. You may use your homework and your book to assist your answer. I agree / disagree that Viking raiding was so successful because of the use of fear. Firstly, one could agree because… This made raiding successful because… On the other hand, one could disagree because… This made raiding successful because… To conclude, I agree / disagree (both for top level!) that Viking raiding was so successful because of the use of fear. This is because…
Peer Assess • Read through your partner’s answer. • Using your highlighters/colours, follow the same process as you did for the example answer. • Complete the mark scheme for this assessment.
What examples of Viking warfare are shown in this image?
The Siege of Paris (845) • Who conducted the invasion and how?..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... • How did the invasion end? ..................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... • What were the consequences? ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................... ..............................................
Example Answer - “The study of Viking society in their homelands of Scandinavia shows us that they were much more than just warriors”. How far do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer. I partially agree that the study of Viking society in their homelands of Scandinavia shows us that they were much more than just warriors. However, there is also evidence to suggest that Vikings were, at times, just warriors.
On one hand, I agree that the study of Viking society in their homelands shows us that they were much more than just warriors. Even if the Vikings were known abroad as ruthless pirates, at home they lived in a well-ordered society, based on laws and democracy. As part of the feudal structure that Vikings lived in, they would make use of councils to make important decisions. Council meetings (Things) would be held for the senior members of the tribes (Jarls) and would be decided by democratic vote. Also, many historians regard Viking women as some of the most equal in Europe at the time. Viking women were able to own land and property, worked a variety of jobs that were the same as men and could even seek divorce as she was equal to her husband. Secondly, the existence of a trading empire reaching as far East as Constantinople suggests that the Vikings did not only rely on raiding to gain resources. Towns such as Bergen, (Norway) Hedeby (Denmark) and Birka (Sweden) became huge settlements due to the trade that passed through. Archaeologists have found many foreign artefacts in these areas such as significant amounts of silver and rare goods and accounts of Viking merchants by Arab scholars illustrates their interest in exploration as well as conquest. Finally, the value placed on family and honour suggests that Vikings were far more than just warriors. Viking rituals and remembrance ceremonies such as ship burials and runestones show the strength of these family ties. For instance, the Lingsberg Runestone was erected by a mother and her sons in remembrance for their husband and father.
On the other hand, I partially disagree that the study of Viking society in their homelands shows that they were more than just warriors. Firstly, Viking beliefs in the Norse gods suggest that their society was warlike; fearlessness and success in battle was considered honourable to Vikings, and to get to Valhalla, the hall of Odin, a Viking would have to die in battle. Disputes between Kings or Jarls were settled by wars, and of course raiding was a major part of Viking culture to gain resources from the West. Even some Viking women were warriors, known as ‘shieldmaidens’, although the majority chose to stay at home to look after the land and children. Vikings are remembered for their brutal attacks on monasteries such as Lindisfarne and the siege of Paris, and this is a huge part of their culture and history. Also, the fact that many Viking treasures found in Scandinavia are associated with war further confirms that this was at the core of their lives. The Oseberg longship, for example, from a Norwegian burial mound and built for a 9th century Queen, tells us that the highest honour was to be a warrior at sea. Also, Damascus Steel, wielded into weaponry has been found in areas of Scandinavia; a telling sign of the nature of Viking society.
To conclude, I agree that study of Viking society in their homelands of Scandinavia shows us that they were much more than just warriors. Archaeological finds such as impressive, high quality crafts and bronze scales to measure silver as money, suggest a civilised society and one that may have been the forefather of modern democratic society. However, Viking society was also warlike and this permeated through every part of their daily lives and rituals. Of course, it is difficult to speak of ‘the Vikings’ as one people as there was such a diverse amount of tribes and different types of Vikings throughout Scandinavia, therefore it is difficult to know if some tribes were more warlike than others.
18 Marker – Mark Scheme Level and Marks
Description
Level 5 (15-18 marks)
•
Level 4 (11-14 marks)
•
Level 3 (710 marks)
•
Level 2 (46 marks)
•
Level 1 (13 marks)
•
• •
• •
• •
• •
• •
Makes clear points and gives specific and relevant examples as evidence. Strong explanation & links to the question throughout. Judgement is balanced and well-supported. Excellent spelling and grammar. Makes clear points and gives specific and relevant examples as evidence. Strong explanation & links to the question. Judgement is balanced and supported with some reasons. Excellent spelling and grammar. Relevant points made that are mostly supported by detailed examples. Some explanation & links to the question. Judgement is one-sided and supported with some reasons. Spelling and grammar good throughout. Relevant points made that are supported by some examples but limited explanation & links to the question. Simple, one-sided judgement. Spelling and grammar good throughout Mostly simple points that are not supported by evidence, may read more like a list of points. Limited different areas covered. Poor spelling and grammar.
Target for this answer:
Tick level and give mark