ruf fian
ISSUE 5 - I 12.2012
CATALOGGING THE BIRTH OF MOVEMENTS
TOP 5 OWS POSTERS PASSIVE ACTIVISM: Pascal Fellanneau BECOMING-PLANT: ethical paradigm
FOLLOW THE BIRTH OF MOVEMENTS
ruffian
RUFFIAN > power
the haze
Occupy Wall Street (OWS) burned through the nation like a wild fire, crossing oceans and leaving no country unaffected. Is it extinguished? by noam chomsky
o
the
99% mythology
cheapened discussions
with
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n May 1, 2011, Osama bin Laden was killed in his virtually unprotected compound by a raiding mission of 79 Navy Seals, who entered Pakistan by helicopter. After many lurid stories were provided by the government and withdrawn, official reports made it increasingly clear that the operation was a planned assassination, multiply violating elementary norms of international law, beginning first with the invasion itself. There appears to have been no attempt to apprehend the unarmed victim, as presumably could have been done by 79 commandos facing no opposition - except, they report, from his wife, also unarmed, who they shot in self-defense when she “lunged” at them (according to the White House). A plausible reconstruction of the events is provided by veteran Middle East correspondent Yochi Dreazen and colleagues in the Atlantic. Dreazen, formerly the military correspondent for the Wall Street Journal, is senior correspondent for the National Journal officer briefed on the assault said the Snot to take him alive.” There appears to have been no attempt to apprehend the unarmed victim, as presumably could have been done by 79 commandos facing no opposition - except, they report, from his wife, also unarmed, who
clear, actionable demands
Photo credit: Patricia Milero
there appears to have been no attempt to apprehend the unarmed victim, as presumably could have been done by 79 commandos facing no opposition - except, they report, from his wife, also unarmed, who they shot in self-defense when she “lunged” at them (according to the White House).
"if anything is certain, it is that OWS is not the last egalitarian insurgency we will see" A plausible reconstruction of the events is provided by veteran Middle East correspondent Yochi Dreazen and colleagues in the Atlantic. Dreazen, formerly the military correspondent for the Wall Street Journal, is senior correspondent for the National Journal Group covering military affairs and national security. White House planning appears not to have considered the option of capturing OBL alive: “The administration had made clear to the military’s clandestine Joint Special Operations Command that it wanted bin Laden dead, according to a senior U.S. official with the discussions. A high-ranking military officer briefed on the assault said the Snot to take him alive.” A plausible reconstruction of the events is provided by veteran Middle East correspondent Yochi Dreazen and colleagues in the Atlantic. Dreazen, formerly the military correspondent for the Wall Street Journal, is senior correspondent for the National Journal Group covering military affairs and national security. White House planning appears not to have considered the option of capturing OBL. Group covering military affairs and national security. White House planning appears not to have considered the option of capturing OBL alive: “Had made
no call for action means no accountability
“this lack meant the movement would eventually die against the pressure of those in power and time”
rUFFian > balances
learn how the change left on corner stores’ counters and pennies on the floor can change the world
b
uT if THe QuesTiOn Of THe metropolis is central, then in my opinion it is because there is a structure of the common that is specific to it. This structure could be described as the tension that exists between the demand for services on the one hand, and the withholding of these services, or the refusal to consent to this demand, on the other. The refusal endangers the demand, and the claims made to it. and this demand becomes more and more important. i actually believe that two processes are currently underway. The first is a definitive neutralization of the traditional working class, which has allowed for the distinct working-class space—the factory—to be destroyed. but it goes beyond this to something more general, because we could also say that this disqualification has marked the disappearance of the productive space as a clearly defined one. The second process concerns the illegal reconstruction of urban space, the spaces not controlled by anyone,
THIRTY CENTS by Michael albert
to nine hundred thousand living in what we could call neighborhoods, or “defined” spaces, whereas about six or seven million people live in totally chaotic conditions. i must say that i completely agree with niall ferguson, who has said that the new political context the bush administration was responding to was not one of largescale terrorism engendered by the ongoing conflict in the Middle East—a situation that they themselves created—but the fact that, for the first time since the assertion of the Monroe doctrine in 1823 Latin america was completely independent. and now, if Mexico votes Left, it will no longer be only Latin america, but Latin america and Mexico in Central america!
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log-on to movement.is to submit your answer
WHAT would you do WITH THESE 9BN DOLLARS? (check one) public funds to education public funds for welfare funds for healthcare tax cuts
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311 MILLIOn
MILLIOn
cents are “wasted” by every citizen daily
current population of the usa
unclaimed dollars every day
cents
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RUFFIAN > society
situations by PHILIP ZIMBARDO
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1971: Philip Zimbardo led the radical Stanford Prison Experiments
There are times when external circumstances n the summer can overwhelm us, and In a lot of ways, the of 1971, we we do things we never studies are bookends in set up a mock our understanding of evil. thought we could
prison on the Stanford University campus. We took 23 volunteers and randomly divided them into two groups. These were normal young men, students. We asked them to act as “prisoners” and “guards” might in a prison environment. The experiment was to run for two weeks. By the end of the first day, nothing much was happening. But on the second day, there was a prisoner rebellion. The guards came to me: “What do we do?” “It’s your prison,” I said, warning them against physical violence. The guards then quickly moved to psychological punishment, though there was physical abuse, too. In the ensuing days, the guards became ever more sadistic, denying the prisoners food, water and sleep, shooting them with fire-extinguisher spray, throwing their blankets into dirt, stripping them naked and dragging
“If you’re not aware that this can happen, you can be seduced by evil. We need inoculations against our own potential for evil.” rebels across the yard. How bad did it get? The guards ordered the prisoners to simulate sodomy. Why? Because the guards were bored. Boredom is a powerful motive for evil. I have no idea how much
Milgram quantified the small steps that people take when they do evil. He showed that an authority can command people to do things they believe they’d never do. I wanted to take that further. Milgram’s study only looked at one aspect of behavior, obedience to authority, in short 50-minute takes. The S.P.E., because it was slated to go for two weeks, was almost like a forerunner of reality television. You could see behavior unfolding hour by hour, day by day. Here’s something that’s sort of funny. The first time I spoke publicly about the S.P.E., Stanley Milgram told me: “Your study is going to take all the ethical heat off of my back. People are now going to say yours is the most unethical study ever, and not mine.” I was shocked. But not surprised. I immediately flashed on similar pictures from the S.P.E. What particularly bothered me was that the Pentagon blamed the whole thing on a “few bad apples.” I knew from our experiment, if you put good apples into a bad situation, you’ll get bad apples. That was why I was willing to be an expert witness for Sgt. Chip Frederick, who was ultimately sentenced to eight years for his role at Abu Ghraib. Frederick was the Army reservist who was put in charge of the night shift at Tier 1, where detainees were abused. Frederick said, up front, “What I did was wrong, and I don’t understand why I did it.”
2007: The findings of the Prison Experiment pushed Dr. Zimbardo to defend the soldiers behind the Abu Ghraib prison accusing the government leaders as the main culprits for these issues
~ Puerto Escondido, Keegan Gibbs
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RUFFIAN > converse
we quote some of the most groundbreaking artists of the 20th century to discuss art’s open veins
OBSCENE aesthetic challenges ALIGHIERO BOETTI
“On the fifth night, my former graduate student Christina Maslach came by. She witnessed the guards putting bags over the prisoners’ heads gs over the prisoners’ heads. She witnessed the guards putting bags over the prisoners’ heads, chain their legs and march them around.”
Philosopher and social critic who developed revolutionary theories of the 1960s (1896-1968)
Philosopher and social critic who developed revolutionary theories on art and evolution of the 1960s (1896-1968) RICHARD AVEDON
“This morning I woke up to terror such as I have never experienced before: I was entirely stripped of feeling. Everything was gone; it was as if I had lost something that had been entrusted to me the previous evening, something I was special”
THEODORE ADORNO
(1943-1987) Italian Artist born out of the arte povera movement in Turin of the 1960s
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“In the ensuing days, the guards became ever more sadistic, denying the prisoners food, water and sleep, stripping them naked and dragging rebels across the yard.”
(1943-1987) Italian Artist born out of the arte povera movement in Turin of the 1960s
werner herzog
“Our kitchen crew slaughtered our last four ducks. While they were still alive, Julian plucked their neck feathers, before chopping off their heads on the execution block.”
RUFFIAN > gastronomy
Photos by: marcus nilsson
how to open a restaurant in a crashing economy & succeed
Daylight pours through the elaborate window ironwork onto natural woods and restrained bric-a-brac. Famous young actors eat breakfast over scripts. At night, neighbors stop at tables and chat about the children. Everyone fills up on farm-to-table Northern Italian. Rucola reflects Boerum Hill’s platonic ideal of itself; it’s full of rootsy Brooklyn good taste. And good tastes. After an uneven start last year, the food is accomplished and satisfying. There are rustic, rich starters like veal spiedini: lemony, addictive cigars of tender meat rolled around anchovies, then breaded and pan-fried ($9). Green lentil soup is earthy and substantial, laced with Parmesan ($8). The kitchen makes fine use of nuts. Colorful heirloom carrots are enriched with hazelnuts ($11); sweet, soft branzino crudo gains crunch and interest from toasted
RUCOLA by alice waters
B
efore venturing into the restaurant business, Henry Moynahan Rich co-founded Oral Fixation mints, a brand known as much for its sleek retro packaging as for its breath-freshening properties. There is a similar emphasis on style at Rucola, the Boerum Hill brownstonecum-Piedmontese farmhouse. The wine list is primarily Northern Italian, the cocktails laced with amari and bitters, and the room itself clad with reclaimed Pennsylvania barn wood and rustic farm implements. To stand out from the meat-centric competition, chef Joe Pasqualetto (late of Gilt) has devised a vegetable-focused menu of salads and housemade pastas, many incorporating locally grown produce. The wine list is primarily Northern Italian, the cocktails laced with amari and bitters, and the room itself clad with reclaimed Pennsylvania barn wood and rustic farm 27
“our cuisine and service stand in a long tradition of respect for the customer: that’s our secret” sunflower seeds ($12). You might agree that Rucola does what a neighborhood restaurant should: make local life feel good enough that you want to live nearby.
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190 Dean Street (at Bond Street) Boerum Hill, Brooklyn; (718) 576-3209, rucolabrooklyn.com
“everything of beauty or value requires a certain amount ‘ugliness’ to come to fruition”
new botanicals
RUFFIAN > showcase
by ADAM SMITH
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“New Botanicals” is an homage and graphical update to the classic botanical prints from the 18th and 19th century. I have a background in biology and have always had an affinity for scientific illustrations.
William Rugen is a Seattle based photographer. Known for his projects “Western Dioramas” which explores man’s relationship with the vast American west, and “Consumed” in which he documented every single thing he ate over the course of one year, his most recent project “New Botanicals” was exhibited at Seattle’s Core Gallery in the spring of 2012.
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Photos BY: WILLIAM RUGEN
Core Gallery 117 Prefontaine Place South Seattle, WA 98104 (206) 467-4444 William Rugen http://williamrugen.com/
RUFFIAN > nomadism SATELLITE
from a moving car visual tales from a 2 week drive down Route 101 from Oregon into mystic Northern California
IMAGERY
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2
by don de lillo
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(1) 1 “New Botanicals” is an homage and graphical update to the classic.
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(2) 2 “New Botanicals” is an homage and graphical update to the classic. (3) 3 The rivers crossed opening a sudden valley.
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(5) 5 “Consumed” in which he documented every single thing he ate. (4) 4 The sun consumed the window pane.
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COURTESY
OF NASA
RUFFIAN > style
believe me “everything of beauty or value requires a certain amount ‘ugliness’ to come to fruition” by ADAM SMITH
w collection: JOHN LEWIS SS12
illiam Rugen is a Seattle based photograER. Known for his projects “Western Dioramas” which explores man’s relationship with the vast American west, and “Consumed” in which he documented every single thing he ate over the course of one year, his most recent project “New Botanicals” was exhibited at Seattle’s Core Gallery Fall 2013. William Rugen is a Seattle based photographer. Known for his projects “Western Dioramas” which explores man’s relationship with the vast American west, and “Consumed” in which he documented every single thing he ate over the course of one year, his most recent project “New Botanicals” was exhibited at Seattle’s Core Gallery Fall 2013.
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green seal of approval
Get It: Goose Barnacle 1400 Atlantic Ave Brooklyn, NY (206) 467-4444 or
Steven Alan http://www.stevenalan.com/
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JOHN LEWIS logo printed on every piece of their clothing
awarded only to sustainable clothing-ware
rise-u
p
“A
riot is t he l anguage
of t he
unhear d�
Martin Luther King, Jr.
o y
london is burning so is the rest of the world let’s understand
p,
photographs, articles, poems on the topic of protests curated by noam chomsky
g n u o
why
buck
!
rise up, young buck
in defense
the right to rise up by noam chomsky
o
ther areas under curfew only visible from the road, over barriers erected by the army. When I visited, the refugee camp of Jalazoun had been under 24-hour curfew for over a month. Jalazoun was a ghost town. No men were to be seen. A few older women, presumably less vulnerable, were working in gardens near the houses and there were several children out of doors. Otherwise, silence. All entrances were barricaded and under military guard. The inhabitants were not permitted to leave their houses except for a brief period every few days to purchase food with what meager resources they still have. There was reported to be very little
Are t he actions of t he riot er s base d on a certain mob-psychol ogy? medical care and a shortage of medicines. The UN relief official in charge of the camp, Mogens Fokdal, reports that “people have gone without electricity for a month. They have no oil or fuel to cook. According to Attorney Raja Shehadeh of Al-Haq, the curfew was imposed after an alleged threat to an Israeli collaborator. Israel takes such threats very seriously. Typically, the “threat” consists of calls on the collaborators, who are well-known because of their flaunting of privileges afforded for their services, to come to the mosque, repent, and promise to refrain from serving as Shin Beit informers. One result of the uprising is that Israel appears to have lost its network of collaborators and informers. On February 24, villagers had marched to the house of a collaborator, Mohammad Al-Ayed, to call 46
collaborators was permitted to bear arms, began shooting wildly and continued for several hours, killing a 4-year-old boy and wounding 15 people. He then either killed himself (as villagers allege), or was killed by villagers. His body was hung on an electric pole. The army then invaded the village, killing a 20-day-old child and a 70-year-old man with tear gas. Dozens of people had bones broken from beatings. Many were arrested; 500 remained under arrest when the curfew was lifted 6 weeks later. Four houses were demolished and others heavily damaged. During the curfew, villagers report, soldiers entered the village daily, arresting and beating people, breaking into homes, smashing furniture and destroying food supplies. When journalist Oren Cohen entered by back roads in late March, the smell of tear gas made it difficult to breathe. A house where he stayed had signs of a fire, caused a week earlier by gas grenades dropped from a helicopter, the family reported. Food and medicines were in short supply, the one clinic and pharmacy had been closed, and the town’s only doctor could not handle the many patients. The visiting delegation were told by villagers that morale improved as the curfew was extended and the community organized in response. One said: “If you want to balance the situation -- on the one hand put all the Israeli practices: torture, hunger, beating, imprisonment. We are ready to accept them, but not to accept occupation. We would rather continue if that is the way to get rid of the occupation.” Having heard the same things said with obvious sincerity and simplicity, I do not find it hard to believe that the sentiment is genuine.
rise up, young buck
the way things are torn photographs by roberto capa
All Images were taken during the 2011 London riots
“L ibert y is about our rights t o que stion everyt hing.” The “truth” of the photo, says Alex Kershaw author of “The Life of Robert Capa”, is in its representation of a symbolic death. “The Falling Soldier authentic or fake - is ultimately a record of Capa’s political bias and idealism,” he writes, adding: “Indeed, he would soon come to experience the brutalizing insanity and death of illusions that all witnesses who get close enough to the romance of war inevitably confront.” Eight hours - and 30 km - later, Capa was dead, killed by a landmine at Thia Binh, as he tried to get just that little bit closer. By now, a romantic aura had gathered around Capa. He was a war hero, friend of writers like Hemingway and lover of movie stars like Ingrid Bergman. continued on page 48
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rise up, young buck continued
the way things are torn
“The privileged often regard these struggles as an assault on their rights...” noam chomsky
Being so evidently irrational, the revolt of the dispossessed must be guided by evil intent or primitive nature. Why should one care about humiliation and degradation if these conditions are accompanied by some measure of economic growth? Why should people sacrifice material welfare and rising expectations in a quixotic search for freedom and selfrespect? On the assumption that the basic human emotion and the driving force of a sane society is the desire for material gain, such questions have no simple answer, so we seek something more sophisticated and arcane.
Two hundred years ago, Rousseau wrote with withering contempt about his civilized countrymen who have lost the very concept of freedom and “do nothing but boast incessantly of the peace and repose they enjoy in their chains.... “
Rousseau continued “But when I see the others sacrifice pleasures, repose, wealth, power, and life itself for the preservation of this sole good which is so disdained by those who have lost it; when I see animals born free and despising captivity break their heads against the bars of their prison; when I see multitudes of entirely naked savages scorn European voluptuousness and endure hunger, fire, the sword, and death to preserve only their independence, I feel that it does not behoove slaves to reason about freedom.”
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next page: fireman and crowd in tottenham, 2011
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rise up, young buck
Unfortunately,
you can't
vote the rascals out, because you never voted them in, in the first place. noam chomsky
rise up, young buck
Firefighters tackle a blaze at a store attacked by rioters in Croydon, London August 8, 2011
“There are no outdoor sports
greater than
throwing stones at a dictatorship� ai weiwei
rise up, young buck
protest as artform by herbert marcuse
Artist Pyotr Pavlensky in support of ‘Pussy riot’
The representation of geography and the intricacies of global relations influence Jaar’s every thought and action. In more recent projects, this obsession has led to critical investigations of cartography. A logo for America was an explicit demonstration of the significance of the images and language of geography – its representation and articulation. It also appropriated an amendable technology that utilized Jaar’s interest in texts, words, film processes, and graphic design. Part of a six – year program sponsored by the Public Art Fund, Inc. in New York, Jaar was one of thirty artists invited to produce a 45 – second computer animation / intervention on the Spectacolor lightboard in the heart of famed Times Square.
“Your own acts tell the world who you are and what kind of society you think it should be.” ai weiwei, 2011
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Alfredo Jaar, a logo for america, 1986
rise up, young buck
against violent nonachievers by stephane hessel
H
essel’s life would make a novel, although his story is too hopeful to be told by nihilist Houellebecq. His father, Franz Hessel, was a German Jewish writer who emigrated to France with his family in 1924, when Stéphane was 7. Franz’s friend Henri-Pierre Roché used him and his wife, Prussian beauty Helen Grund, as models for Jules and Kate in his 1953 novel Jules et Jim. This was the enchanting tale of a woman who loved and was loved by two men that was translated to the screen in 1962 by François Truffaut. Franz Hessel wrote novels in German and French. His admiration for France and French literature led him to produce, with the great German Jewish literary
T he que stion before us is, Wil l we stand up t o demand our own right t o be hear d? critic Walter Benjamin, the first German translation of Marcel Proust’s A la recherche du temps perdu. Stéphane grew up in a literary milieu that the German invasion of France shattered in 1940. After studying at the University of Paris’s prestigious École Normale Supérieure, he served in the French Army during the Battle of France and, like more than a million other French soldiers, became a prisoner of war. Following his escape from a POW camp, he joined Gen. Charles de Gaulle and his small band of Free French résistants. Hessel’s was a rare act of patriotism when most of the French professed loyalty to Vichy leader Marshal Philippe Pétain and his policy of collaboration with Germany. The attitude
which replaced “liberty, equality and fraternity” with “work, family and nation.” Hessel writes in this book, “How lucky I am to be able to draw on the foundation of my political life: the Resistance and the National Council of the Resistance’s program from sixty-six years ago.” That program, declared on March 15, 1944, set out the wartime and, significantly, postwar goals of the Resistance. Defeating the Nazis and their French collaborators was only a stage, the combined Resistance declared, on the way to “a true economic and social democracy.” Hessel rejects the claims that the state can no longer cover the costs of such a program. It managed to provide that support immediately after the Liberation, “when Europe lay in ruins.” How could it not afford to do the same after it became rich? Similarly, in Britain the state paid for free universal education, including higher education, free universal medical care and other benefits that improved the health and well-being of the country’s children immeasurably after a war that left the nation bankrupt. Now, after half a century of prosperity and the accumulation of fabulous fortunes, the government says it can no longer pay for the social rights for which an earlier generation fought and for which it voted overwhelmingly in 1945. The British coalition government’s cuts in social benefits, its dramatic increase in the cost of university education and its transformation of the National Health Service into blocks of private trusts come in tandem with its absolution of the tax obligations of major corporations like Vodafone and its public subsidies to private banks. Outrage and indignation are not inappropriate responses.
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rise up, young buck
stolen identity
rise up, young buck
passport mahmoud darwish
They did not recognize me in the shadows That suck away my color in this Passport And to them my wound was an exhibit For a tourist Who loves to collect photographs They did not recognize me, Ah... Don’t leave The palm of my hand without the sun Because the trees recognize me Don’t leave me pale like the moon! All the birds that followed my palm To the door of the distant airport All the wheatfields All the prisons All the white tombstones All the barbed Boundaries All the waving handkerchiefs All the eyes were with me, But they dropped them from my passport Stripped of my name and identity? On soil I nourished with my own hands? Today Job cried out Filling the sky: Don’t make and example of me again! Oh, gentlemen, Prophets, Don’t ask the trees for their names Don’t ask the valleys who their mother is From my forehead bursts the sward of light And from my hand springs the water of the river All the hearts of the people are my identity So take away my passport!
destroyed car on a street in Tottenham, north London August 7, 2011
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protest
“One of the great themes of modern history is the struggle of subjugated people to gain control over their lives and fate.�
side b compa
b no chom
by side arison
y am msky
police
“The privileged often regard these struggles as an assault on their rights, violent outbursts bent on our destruction�
passive
activism Pascal doesn't practice the usual dissidence. He flirts with the cousin of scholarly dissidence: artful dissidence.
a conversation with
Pascal Fellonneau Pascal Fellonneau is a French photographer exploring the landscapes of Europe from Iceland to Spain, from his hometown Bordeaux to Paris where he now lives. An important part of his work questions the urban scene as we inhabit it. His pictures depict strange yet familiar landscapes often devoid of humanity. After living in Iceland for a few years, he was beneficiary of a grant from French ministry of Culture in 2005, and began exhibiting in several countries across Europe (France, Greece, Germany, Sweden).
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Q
&
A
YOUR WORK IN PHOTOGRAPHY HAS NEVER STEPPED INTO THE POLITICAL, WHY NOW?
No one doubts that posters used to be highly effective as both advertising and propaganda, but from the moment people in wealthy economies started buying TVs and watching commercials. After living in Iceland for a few years, he was beneficiary of a grant from French ministry of Culture in 2005, and began exhibiting in several countries across Europe (France, Greece, Germany, Sweden).
What's the greatest picture you didn’t take?
There are two answers to that. There’s the greatest picture I didn’t take but which was taken by someone else. Then there’s the greatest picture I could have or should have taken but didn’t because I missed it or my conscience got in the way or because I was too lazy to lift the camera. In the first case, there are just too many to name, all of them better than anything I could ever do. Off the top of my head: Avedon’s Marilyn Monroe, Lily Allen by Nadav Kander, Alfried Krupp by Arnold Newman, Elaine Constantine’s girl feeding chip to seagull (which I am very lucky to have a print of ). Avedon’s Chicago Seven. In fact, anything and everything by Richard Avedon.
Which photographer would you most like to (a) work with and (b) talent spot?
I don’t want to work with another photographer. That would be like asking 2 taxi drivers to drive the same cab. There are quite a few that I would like to watch at work though. It's a solitary thing, this job. We never get to see how others do it. I would love to see how Terry Richardson pulls off the things he gets away with.
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I don’t want to work with another photographer. That would be like asking 2 taxi drivers to drive the same cab.
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You in three words: Observant. Opportunistic. Persevering.
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If you hadn't have become a photographer what would you have like to have been? If I had not been a photographer, I would've been an architect. After graduating high school, I won a 2-year scholarship to Pratt in architecture, even though I was weak in mathematics, which is why I ultimately turned it down. I'm an idealist, and I strive to excellence in whatever I do. I always admired Frank Lloyd Wright as my favorite, especially his Guggenheim Museum in New York. He believe that form follows function: 1. the use of structure, 2. the strength of materials and engineering, 3. beauty follows. I don't like Frank Ghery, because he placed beauty first and sacrificed utility and strength. All of his flying curves are impractical. He should have been a sculptor. The twin towers were good design, but they lacked strength. They failed to reinforce the steel columns with cement, and they melted under extreme heat. How do you germinate ideas for your work?
There are two answers to that. There’s the greatest picture I didn’t take but which was taken by someone else. Then there’s the greatest picture I could have or should have taken but didn’t because I missed it or my conscience got in the way or because I was too lazy to lift the camera.
Life is too short, the sooner you start, the better. In the first case, there are just too many to name, all of them better than anything I could ever do. Off the top of my head: Avedon’s Marilyn Monroe, Lily Allen by Nadav Kander, Alfried Constantine’s girl feeding chip to seagull. Do you have a life philosophy? My life's philosophy revolves around respect for truth. Everyone should stay true to who they are. Everyone should find out early in life what they are good at by doing many things, thinking of ideas, and making things. Then decide which things they love and excel at. A perfect example of this philosophy is my career. I was good at mechanical things and using my hands. I was good in biology and thought about becoming a dentist, but I had no money for that type of education. I liked art and painting, and became a ceramic artist, but in the end, I owe my career to the US Air Force, which trained me as a photographer during the Korean War. As an enlisted man, I was lucky to get into photography because that was the closest thing they had to art. In summation, find your forte in something you love and can be proud of.
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