Timber iQ Dec 2015 / Jan 2016 | Issue: 23 by Trademax Publications

Design & Construction December 2015 - January 2016 // Issue: 23 // Price: R40,00 incl. ISSN 2305-9648

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS 10

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

EDITOR'S NOTE

INTERNATIONAL AWARDS - BEST INTERIOR FOR 2015

ENGINEERED TIMBER - TIMBER RE-ENGINEERED

COVER STORY - SWISSLINE DESIGN

WOOD FURNITURE DESIGN - THE BLOCK LINE

WOOD DESIGN - TREEHOUSING COMPETITION

TIMBER IN INTERIOR DESIGN - INTERIOR SPECIALISTS

TIMBER TRUSSES - MITEK速 TIMBER ROOF STRUCTURES

WOOD TREATMENT INDUSTRY NEWS - ARCH

BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION - NAMAN RETREAT

KNYSNA TIMBER FESTIVAL FEEDBACK - 2015

PULP PRODUCTION STUDY - UPM AND SYKE

TIMBER DESIGN - TIMBER HOUSE

CONTENTS

CONTENTS PUBLIC TREE FELLING - CAPE TOWN WARNS AGAINST

CHAMPION TREES - HONOURING OUR CHAMPIONS

IUCN RED LIST - UNDERSTANDING THE LIST

INDUSTRY EVENT - LIGNA 2017

EDGEBANDING MACHINERY - CMC GROUP

SAWMILLING & SUSTAINABILITY - WOOD-MIZER AFRICA

SAWMILLING - WET TARGET SIZE

STIHL ADVERTORIAL - PRECISION AND POWER

COMPANY SNAPSHOT - SELECT SAWMILL CO.

TREE PLANTING EVENT - GREENPOP

PREFAB TIMBER CONSTRUCTION - WOOD HOUSE STUDIO

RECLAIMED WOOD FURNITURE - MILKSHED

FORESTRY - EMPOWERING WOMEN

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

EDITOR'S NOTE

Back and forth The year-end edition of Timber iQ always makes our team pause. We take a look back at our highlights and 'lowlights' if you will, and get excited about the possibilities the New Year may hold for us. As I walk through our office and see my colleagues rush to complete deadline tasks, and muse over future ideas and goals, I know that this year is no different.

t was an eventful 2015 that has come to a close incredibly fast. One extra special highlight for Angeline Martin, our Timber iQ publication manager, was the Knysna Timber Festival she attended in October (and thoroughly enjoyed). What happened in Knysna cannot stay in Knysna, so we are happy to include a snapshot report on the Festival, with an open invitation to support next year’s event. There aren’t an abundance of timberfocused industry events that present an occasion for trade exchange and dialogue, so let’s take advantage of the opportunities that do present themselves. Make sure to reserve your seat at the 6th HWZ Wood Conference taking place in Cape Town on 15 February 2016. We’ll be there as usual, and we can hardly wait. In this issue we bring you quite a diverse range of articles, from Wood-Mizer Africa’s thought-provoking take on how sustainability should be incorporated into sawmilling, to the utilization of engineered timber, to the simple but captivating design of a wooden bench that shapes itself around your curves. We hope you like them all. As always, we feature some absolutely beautiful timber design and construction projects, from both local industry professionals as well as international counterparts.

Make no mistake; it is always our preference at Timber iQ to showcase what our local timber industry has to offer. So, don’t feel shy – contact us at any time about your projects or ideas that involve the responsible use of timber. We are only too happy to show off projects that we can all enjoy, learn or benefit from, and we would love to see 2016 hold a lot of local content. With all the troubles, difficulties and challenges presented by our current (global) economic and climatic situations, I don’t see the point in talking about any additional lowlights. Instead, allow me to thank each and every one of our valued readers and advertising clients for your support this past year, and into 2016. We truly appreciate having you as part of the Timber iQ team, and remain motivated to bring you a read that, in every edition, explores, honours and celebrates the wonders of timber. We hope your festive season will include time around a tree (wink, wink) and that you get to make wonderful memories to last you well into the New Year. Welcome to the December 2015/January 2016 edition of Timber iQ. Enjoy the read. Celéste and the rest of the Timber iQ team.

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CONTRIBUTORS EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTOR: BARRY MULLER Barry Muller studied at the University of Stellenbosch where he obtained his BSc Forestry degree in 1994. He followed that up with an M Tech in Forestry in 2014 from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). Barry has been on the staff of the NMMU since 2005, and currently serves as a Lecturer – Wood Technology at the NMMU School of Natural Resource Management. Primary wood processing forms part of his area of expertise, and he was invited by Sawmilling South Africa this year to join the association on its annual tour of regional meetings, specifically to present his lecture ‘Wet Target Sizes’ (featured in this issue). With a keen interest in and support of timber home construction, Barry also continues his research in the field of forestry.

THE TEAM EDITOR: Celéste Perrin editor@trademax.co.za

PUBLISHER: Billy Perrin billy@trademax.co.za 082 266 6976

ADVERTISING: Angeline Martin angie@trademax.co.za

LAYOUT & DESIGN: Craig Patterson craig@trademax.co.za

SUBSCRIPTIONS: Belinda Thwesha belinda@trademax.co.za

TRADEMAX PUBLICATIONS Tel: 0861 727 663 Fax: 0866 991 346 www.trademax.co.za

DISCLAIMER

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The views expressed herein are not necessarily those of Trademax Publications. Although we have done our best to ensure the accuracy of our content, neither Trademax Publications nor Timber iQ magazine will be held liable for any views expressed or information disseminated, in editorial content or advertisements, in this issue.

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INTERNATIONAL AWARDS

Hotel lobby world's best interior for 2015 10

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

INTERNATIONAL AWARDS

Hotel Hotel interior, by March Studio. Photograph by John Gollings.

The contemporary Hotel Hotel in Canberra, Australia, has been named as the World Interior of the Year for 2015. Judges described the project as a "masterful integration of different spaces into a seamless and delightful interior." // DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

INTERNATIONAL AWARDS

Hotel Hotel interior, by March Studio. Photograph by John Gollings.

he project by March Studio beat more than 100 nominees across nine categories to be named the best global interior of the last twelve months at the INSIDE - World Festival of Interiors, and was awarded the esteemed accolade at a gala dinner at the world-famous Marina Bay Sands in Singapore on 6 November. The judges felt that the thoughtful and innovative design creating a ‘Bilbao effect’ has helped to rejuvenate the area. Located in NewActon, a diverse new precinct in Canberra, Hotel Hotel is part of a wider scheme that encompasses offices, residential apartments, cafes and a cinema. Designed by March Studio, the signature design of the new hotel is a fragmented lobby entrance, which provides a unique identity for the building.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

A series of fractured timber pieces line the walls and furniture to create a tunnelling effect that leads guests from the reception through to the main areas of the hotel. At the centre of the hotel lies a grand staircase that services the two floors of accommodation and creates a focal point at the end of the fragmented entrance. A bar is also located on the ground floor and features openings punched through the concrete walls to create views to the central courtyard. The repurposing of the timber in the lobby grabbed the judges’ attention for what they described as a “poetic use of leftover materials [to create a] powerful but not overwhelming” result.

INTERNATIONAL AWARDS

Hotel Hotel interior, by March Studio. Photograph by Peter Bennetts. “As a global paints and coatings company, AkzoNobel, through Dulux, are well aware of the importance of colour and design in people’s lives. The Interior of The Year Prize awards exactly this – today’s most inspiring interiors that aim to celebrate our thriving design scene. The extraordinary quality of entries submitted this year is testimony to the dedication that designers have in producing stellar designs that push the boundaries of architectural excellence to greater heights,” said Jeremy Rowe, Managing Director of AkzoNobel Decorative Paints, South East & South Asia, Middle East. March Studio is now the fourth winner of the prize and will return to INSIDE Festival in 2016 to act as a judge for next year’s awards. INSIDE World Festival of Interiors coincides with the World Festival of Architecture and together they form the largest celebration of contemporary architecture and design in the world. 2015 marks the last year that the festival will be staged in Singapore; next year it will return to Europe to take place in Berlin, Germany.

Hotel Hotel interior, by March Studio. Photograph by Peter Bennetts.

Source credit: INSIDE - World Festival of Interiors and V2com. Photographs: Courtesy of March Studio

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

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ENGINEERED TIMBER

Timber re-engineered More and more, timber is being hailed as an architectural wunderkind. Especially newer types of engineered timber that are making the concept of woodscrapers, to take the place of skyscrapers, a reality. Photographs by: Mikko Auerniitty

aterials and specifications for construction projects change with the times, often a consequence of the impact of ecological innovation on building methods. Industry must adjust to the use of new materials and processes, or become obsolete. Today, stakeholders in the construction industry especially, are under pressure to use green, sustainable, recyclabe, efficient and/or ecologically sensitive equipment and materials. The impact of the choice of construction materials on the environment does not go unnoticed any longer. Increasingly so, architects and builders are choosing wood. It offers several environmental benefits, including renewability, it’s easy to work with and, well, it looks great. Locally, Jacques Cronje (of specialist South African architectural firm Jacques Cronje Timber Design), who has a well-known passion for timber buildings, has for years now promoted and been focused on design for construction with timber, recognizing timber frame building as a sustainable method of construction and acknowledging the almost unlimited scope in design that timber offers. Richard Stretton, founder of the Durban-based architecture and furniture design practice Koop Design, is also a proponent of timber use in design and construction, having used solar kiln-dried timbers for the production of furniture, education apparatus and structural systems. Koop Design undertakes ongoing research into using timber in the delivery of public service structures, and the development of small and micro businesses to produce the components for these buildings. Efforts like these help to effect a change in perceptions about timber in public buildings and housing in South Africa. In the internationally developed world, the use of timber for housing and commercial application continues to increase, as reported by the popular international architecture magazine Dezeen, with wood gaining in popularity over steel and concrete and architects praising its sustainability, quality, and speed of construction. The publication recently put the spotlight on new types of engineered timber that are considered stronger and more stable than regular wood, thereby allowing architects to build buildings bigger and taller and giving real meaning to the concept of timber skyscrapers.

WHAT IS CLT? Using timber for commercial and large-scale projects is becoming more common, and more widely recognized. Consider the 245,000 board feet of dimensional lumber that Allen + Maurer Architects specified for the roof alone, of the Askew’s Foods Uptown Store in British Columbia. The project won them the 2015 Sustainable Forestry Initiative® (SFI) Wood Design Award for thinking outside the traditional big-box store approach and using wood very prominently in their design. Moreover, the past several years have seen a number of tall wood projects get completed around the world, demonstrating successful applications of new wood and mass timber technologies. Behind the emergency of these “massive timber” structures lies CLT, or cross-laminated timber.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

ENGINEERED TIMBER WoodWorks, an initiative of the North American Wood Products Council, defines cross-laminated timber as: An engineered wood building system designed to complement light- and heavy-timber framing options. Because of its high strength and dimensional stability, it can be used as an alternative to concrete, masonry and steel in many building types. It offers the structural simplicity needed for costeffective buildings, as well as benefits such as fast installation, reduced waste, improved thermal performance, and design versatility. It can be used in a wide range of applications, including mid-rise, urban infill, industrial, educational and civic structures. And APA – The Engineered Wood Association, gives this definition: A CLT panel consists of several layers of kiln-dried lumber boards stacked in alternating directions, bonded with structural adhesives, and pressed to form a solid, straight, rectangular panel. CLT panels consist of an odd number of layers (usually, three to seven) and may be sanded or prefinished before shipping. While at the mill, CLT panels are cut to size, including door and window openings, with stateof-the-art CNC (Computer Numerical Controlled) routers, capable of making complex cuts with high precision. Finished CLT panels are exceptionally stiff, strong, and stable, handling load transfer on all sides.

THE STRUCTURES OF NOW - AND THE FUTURE The potential of CLT is reflected in several recent and planned projects, drawing positive commentary from the architectural community. Here are just a few. • Endless Stair by dRMM CLT has been used in Europe for approximately 20 years, and the London architectural firm dRMM has been working with the material for about 10 years. Completed for the London Design Festival 2013, they helped create the hugely popular ‘Endless Stair’ configuration, which was wholly prefabricated and in fact pioneered an entirely new product. The team used Tulip Tree wood as a cross-laminated timber for the first time, and the result yielded an extraordinary strength-to-weight ratio that saw many thousands of people climb its steps. • Chicago Horizon by Ultramoderne Chicago Horizon is the name of the pavilion that won the BP Prize in the Chicago Lakefront Kiosk Competition for the inaugural Chicago Architecture Biennial held earlier this year. Its roof is made from CLT, and the architects have expressed their satisfaction that the material sequesters carbon in its fibres and that the roof alone more than offsets the emissions generated by all the other materials used in the project combined. Architect Aaron Forrest commented, “...I have worked with crosslaminated timber (CLT) before, and this seemed like a good opportunity to push the boundaries of the material... with Brett Schneider – who is a structural engineer as well as an architect – to design the largest

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

possible wooden roof that could be transported on the back of a flatbed truck. It’s a flat, 3,136ft 2 roof with a series of simple columns that hold it up, and a rectangular cut-out visitors can access via a staircase to view the city skyline.” • Dalston Lane by Waugh Thistleton According to the architectural firm’s website, this is the largest global CLT project being planned. More than 3,000m3 of timber will be used on a record-breaking CLT residential structure, which will become the tallest of its kind in the UK. The 121-unit development is estimated to use more timber than any other project in the world, making it, by volume, the largest CLT project globally. The project will provide significant residential capacity of over 12,500m2, and over 3,460 m2 of commercial space. “For us, the CLT engineers Ramboll and the developer Regal Homes, the most exciting aspect of the project is the sheer size of the structure and its completion without the use of thousands of cubic metres of concrete. In total, Ramboll’s CLT experts have calculated that the building will save 2,400 tons of carbon, compared to an equivalent block with a concrete frame,” the company states. In an interview with Dezeen, the firm’s Andrew Waugh described building in wood as "super fast, super accurate, and it also makes the most amazingly beautiful spaces." • Puukuokka by OOPEAA - Office for Peripheral Architecture The Finnish Association of Architects awarded the prestigious Finlandia Prize for Architecture 2015 to OOPEAA for the Puukuokka high-rise residential building that was completed in 2014 in Kuokkala, Jyväskylä. The 8-storey structure is the tallest wooden apartment block in Finland and one of the first high-rise examples of prefabricated cross-laminated timber construction in the world. Chief designer architect, Anssi Lassila: “My goal in designing Puukuokka was to create a clearly identifiable design idiom for large-scale timber construction that combines comfort and cosiness with experience in an exciting way. In Puukuokka, wood is used in a way that highlights its best properties. The building is an integral part of Kuokkala’s centre, and together with Kuokkala Church, creates an identity for the district by serving as its hub. My ambition was to find a sustainable, highquality solution for affordable housing.”

HYBRID CLT Another development in timber construction highlighted by Dezeen is the introduction of hybrid CLT systems that involve the pairing of engineered timber with steel components – popular because they make more complex forms possible.

ENGINEERED TIMBER

The challenge lies not in what timber has to offer, but remains in convincing the construction industry (without excluding the insurance and financial sectors) which is still relatively inexperienced in the application of CLT. To overcome prejudice, negative preconceptions and ignorance, a lot of education is needed. But perseverance can pay off. A big obstacle faced by advocates for large-scale wooden buildings is the concern around fire safety. Many countries impose a limit on the height of timber buildings for this reason. When Finland changed its building code in 2010, making it possible to build wooden buildings up to eight storeys for the first time, Anssi Lassila of OOPEAA set out to change public perception. The result is the awardwinning Puukuokka apartment building referenced in this article. The all-CLT structure is covered in a fire-resistant coating. According to Lassila, "It has been estimated that, when realized in accordance with the regulations, a wooden apartment building is 50 times more fire safe than a similar apartment building made of concrete. We now need to consider the further development of CLT's potential and study alternatives for the use of glue."

Alex Smith of London-based Hawkins\Brown, the firm behind the tallest hybrid-CLT building in Europe, said this type of hybrid system is more attractive to property developers, who initially were ‘pessimistic’ about using wood. "I think there is a lot of potential in timber-hybrid structures to enable more sustainable and more ambitious structures," he told Dezeen. His project, called The Cube, is a 33-metre-high apartment block. It features a predominantly CLT structure, but also includes some steel elements that were used to create cantilevered overhangs. Not all architects and timber industry stakeholders may agree on these hybrid systems, which could arguably be seen as part of a “transitory stage” in timber architecture’s progression. But the enthusiasm with which CLT building is being received, is undeniable. From the build sites where construction is completed much faster than traditional concrete building, and also requiring less transportation, to end users who are very happy with the thermal and acoustic insulation properties of their homes.

LOOKING AHEAD

It’s going to be interesting to follow further developments in the application of CLT and hybrid systems as their use spreads across more countries globally.

REFERENCES: AZA 2015 Speaker – Richard Stretton, www.architectureza. org/aza-2015-speaker-richard-stretton. Accessed 11 November 2015. Timber Design website, www.timberdesign.co.za. Accessed 11 November 2015. 2015 Sustainable Forestry Initiative® (SFI) Wood Design Award, 2 March 2015 Press Release. Dezeen website, Architects embrace the “beginning of the timber age”, www.dezeen.com/2015/11/09/crosslaminated-timber-construction-architecture-timber-age/. Accessed 10 November 2015. Waugh Thistleton website, www.waughthistleton.com/ project/dalston-lane/. Accessed 10 November 2015. WoodWorks website, www.woodworks.org/design-withwood/building-systems-clt/. Accessed 10 November 2015.

Waugh continued by saying, “We have issues around us such as climate change and massive housing shortages, so the architecture profession needs to be celebrating ideas of sustainability and great buildings, not ridiculous shapes."

APA – The Engineered Wood Association website, www. apawood.org/cross-laminated-timber. Accessed 10 November 2015.

As several more large-scale CLT projects are being planned and starting to receive media coverage, it is clear that many architects agree that wood is not only the future, but that “massive wood construction” is the answer to build multistorey buildings.

Finlandia Prize for Architecture 2015 website, www.arkkitehtuurinfinlandia.fi/en/home/. Accessed 10 November 2015.

Ultramoderne website, www.ultramoderne. net/?p=22&i=249. Accessed 10 November 2015.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

COVER STORY

Swissline sets the stage. Again. This year has presented Swissline Design with several really exciting projects and very demanding timber work that required nothing less than master carpenter and superior engineering skills. This intricate helicopter hangar is a good example - it really put the company's expertise to the test. The result speaks for itself. FIRST OF ITS KIND When first presented with the brief for this helicopter hangar project in the Boland area, Swissline Design immediately knew that, due to its unique shape, this structure would be almost impossible to manufacture using any material other than timber. Because of the virtually unlimited engineering possibilities of timber, it was the obvious material of choice to turn this vision into a reality.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

The authentic concept was borne entirely by the client. However, he had a difficult time finding a reputable company with the requisite, exceptional skill set that was clearly going to be needed to execute his idea. Swissline Design thrives on the challenges set by such advanced, unique and complicated projects, and the team was delighted to take on this assignment.

COVER STORY

Although the manufacturing process was undeniably time consuming and even tedious at times, it was, without any doubt, warranted by the end result.

CURVING THE TIMBER To curve the timber, each section is laminated to special jigs that are laid out to take on the shape and form of the section as drawn out by the engineers. The spruce structure is then joined with spruce purlins and Grade 3 OSB boards cover. OSB stands for Oriented Strand Board. It is an engineered woodbased panel consisting of strands of wood that are bonded together with a synthetic resin; the strands are pressed together in layers. In the outer layers, strands are generally oriented longitudinally in line with the panel length. In the middle layers, however, strands generally lie in a cross-wise direction. The OSB â&#x20AC;&#x201C; imported directly from the manufacturer in Germany â&#x20AC;&#x201C; is extremely durable and strong. The final covering will be in RHEINZINK (titanium zinc).

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

COVER STORY

MOVING THE TIMBER Swissline Design’s vision to manufacture the beams in their entirety, finished and ready for installation on site, presented a challenge, that being the transportation of these beams. Each beam consists of three sections, expertly joined with custom-built fixings. The idea was to deliver the finished beams to site in their complete form in order to avoid long installation delays on site. Fortunately this proved much less complicated and difficult than originally thought. Some clever stacking did the trick, and once all the necessary permits were in place, the truck (albeit very slowly) simply eased its way to the site. Swissline Design’s manufacturing foresight, which made on-site beam assembly unnecessary, saved the company a minimum of three weeks’ time.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

COVER STORY

SPRUCE Spruce is an incredibly versatile timber. Suitable and typical end use includes structural installations, both indoors and outdoors, making it one of the most important and widely used building and construction timbers in Europe. The modulus of rigidity of wood, also called shear modulus, indicates its resistance to deformation caused by shear stresses, while the shear strength indicates the maximum shear stress it can withstand. These properties are determined from tests in which the shear forces are applied in the longitudinal direction, that is, parallel to the grain. The compression strength of a piece of wood can be measured in the longitudinal direction (parallel to the grain) or in the radial and tangential directions (perpendicular to the grain). The maximum compressive strength parallel to the grain is a measure of the strength of wood when used as a stud or column. (Average values of this property for spruce wood at 12% moisture content are approximately 36 N mmâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;2 to approximately 520 N mmâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;2 and is not related to the modulus of elasticity in bending.)

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// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

COVER STORY

OUTCOME Not surprisingly, the client is thrilled with the hangar. Special sliding doors are being made for the entrance, which will also allow additional light into the building. Another customary option would be to install roof lights, or skylights, to let in natural light.

WHAT IS NEXT FOR SWISSLINE DESIGN? The company boasts a new workshop specially designed to accommodate large-scale projects, using an imported overhead crane from Kone Cranes. It has the capacity to move and lift extremely heavy timber constructions in the comfort of the workshop. This includes the timber frame elements for the modular timber homes that Swissline Design manufactures, allowing them to stack each element once completed and keep it on hand, ready for delivery. Swissline Design is currently hard at work on several other uniquely engineered and designed structures, most of which are also only possible with the use of timber. The company embraces the fact that the future possibilities of building with timber are endless, and is proud to be part of a forward-thinking generation that builds with timber.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

FOR MORE INFORMATION: Swissline Design (t) 021 945 2731 (e) info@swisslinedesign.co.za (w) www.swisslinedesign.co.za

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2015/02/17 3:04 PM

WOOD FURNITURE DESIGN

A Block that's anything but square This handcrafted bench that gently curves around your body when you sit or lie down on it is a delightful surprise from Sitskie Furniture Co. Photographs: Megan Welker - Sitskie Furniture Co.

s part of the Los Angeles-based design studio’s Block collection, each extraordinary bench is made by hand – and is FSC certified.

THE BLOCK SYSTEM RATIONALE The objective of the cushioned block system is to give you a soft, comfortable experience while keeping all the benefits of a solid surface, including durability, cleanliness, and the beauty of the solid material – in this case wood (of course). Designer Adam Friedman, the principal designer and craftsman behind the Sitskie Design Studio line, finds inspiration by seeking new ways to see, feel and experience the everyday world. In addition to furniture design, he has also designed, developed and patented tech products and flooring.

By compressing the wood, the bench gently curves to fit the body when you sit or lie on it.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

WOOD FURNITURE DESIGN

"During my time in the furniture business, I've learned that people have a love-hate relationship with upholstered furniture. Along with the softness of an upholstered piece come the natural concerns about damage, staining, dust, the life of the fabric, and the longevity of the style. The inability to truly get any upholstered product clean without removing covers and going to great lengths is an inescapable reality and a bitter pill to swallow. Through years of trial and error, here is our unique solution â&#x20AC;&#x201C; backed by a U.S. patent," Friedman explains.

MATERIAL The materials incorporated are American walnut, foam and fabric. Each chair is made from solid domestic hardwood. And the wood is responsibly harvested, and FSC certified. For more information, visit www.sitskie.com.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

WOOD DESIGN

Joint Grand Prize Winner in the Tall Wood Housing Category: Jungle Gym design.

TREEHOUSING

SA student wins international Wood Design Competition This timely architectural contest called for innovative and affordable answers to a global housing demand stemming from our growing urban population.

wo of the most significant issues facing humanity today are housing for the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growing urban population, and the threat of deforestation.

Coinciding with the XIV World Forestry Congress recently concluded in Durban, a very special competition was held, jointly organized by the Canada-based DBR | Design Build Research School and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

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The competition challenged architecture students, professional architects and engineers around the world to develop innovative wood housing and affordable urban building solutions for Africa and beyond. Entrants were required to use any sustainably harvested wood material or product as the primary material for their designs.

WOOD DESIGN

South Africa

“One of the main aims of the contest was to highlight the huge potential of legal and sustainably produced wood as a cost-efficient and versatile building material and valid alternative to non-renewable materials such as steel and concrete that leave a much heavier carbon footprint,” said FAO Forestry Officer Jukka Tissari. “Wood has been used as a building material for thousands of years and, worldwide, one in three houses are made from wood, yet it is a material that tends to be sidelined in larger-scale modern building projects. We hope the many extraordinary entries in this contest will encourage and inspire policy makers, architects, city planners and designers to look afresh at using renewable woods for housing.”

WORTHY WINNERS There were two competition categories: Tall Wood Housing and Affordable Wood Housing. More than 200 projects by teams representing 60 countries were submitted for the contest. Canadian architect Michael Green, author of ‘The Case for Tall Wood Buildings,’ led a jury that also included British architect Andrew Waugh and South African architect Richard Stretton. The competition winners were announced in Durban on 10 September, at the height of the XIV World Forestry Congress proceedings. “We could not be more pleased and impressed with the number and quality of the competition submissions,” said Green. “Wood in building design is seeing a resurgence around the world, as architects and designers learn to work with it in more innovative and sustainable ways. New wood technologies are linking our rural forest economies with our growing urban environments with increasingly larger and now taller wood buildings.”

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WOOD DESIGN

Joint Grand Prize Winner in the Tall Wood Housing Category: Nkosi Market design. “This competition underscores the impact that architects and designers can have in reshaping our communities and cities with healthy, safe, sustainable and beautiful wood buildings that connect each and every inhabitant with the wonder of nature,” continued Green.

TALL WOOD HOUSING For the first category in the competition, the city of Durban allotted an abandoned 2,280m2 site, 97 Ingcuce Road, at a major intersection near the city centre to inspire tall wood housing projects. Entrants were asked to design a highrise solution that would address the housing needs of the community.

Nkosi Market design.

Primary building elements - Nkosi Market design.

JOINT GRAND PRIZE WINNER: Ayla Harvey (South Africa), an architectural student whose design ‘Jungle Gym’ was JOINT GRAND PRIZE WINNER: STUDENT PRIZE: HONOURABLE MENTION: HONOURABLE MENTION:

praised by the jury as “playful and imaginative, capturing the dynamic spirit of urban life.” Koura Studios and ARUP Seattle (USA) for their design ‘Nkosi Market’ which the jury said represented the “strongest point tower design of all the submissions.” STark (France/Germany) for their design ‘The Social Net Wood’ which was considered by the jury to be “entirely buildable.” Adrianna Colón and Isaias Rubert (Puerto Rico). Javier Mosquera González (Spain).

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WOOD DESIGN

Grand Prize Winner in the Affordable Wood Housing Category: (HOUSE)TREE(WORK) design.

(HOUSE)TREE(WORK) design.

AFFORDABLE WOOD HOUSING The second category challenged applicants to design affordable wood housing for a site anywhere in the world, with a focus on improving and providing global housing solutions in wood. Solutions specific to the African continent were encouraged because of the location of this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s World Forestry Congress (Durban, South Africa).

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WOOD DESIGN

Second Prize Winner in the Affordable Wood Housing Category: Temporary Dormitories of Mae Tao Clinic design.

GRAND PRIZE WINNER: Shosholoza and Friends (Italy) for their design ‘(HOUSE)TREE(WORK)’ which was praised by the jury for its “clarity and simplicity.”

SECOND PRIZE WINNER: A.gor.a Architects (Thailand) for their design ‘Temporary Dormitories for Mae Tao Clinic’ which the jury said “underscores the diversity of innovation scales that can be realized with wood construction.” STUDENT PRIZE: Monika Wozniak (Poland) for her design ‘Natural Wood Skin.’ HONOURABLE MENTION: Nguyen Manh Hung and Dong Minh Anh (Vietnam). HONOURABLE MENTION: Marc Benjamin Drewes (Germany).

DBR | Design Build Research School is a not-for-profit institute dedicated to teaching the design and construction of socially, culturally and environmentally relevant student-led installations. The school teaches design and construction as an agent of social change, as well as offering a research platform with a focus on systemic change in buildings for climate, environment, disaster and global shelter needs. For more information on DBR and the competition, visit www.dbr-school.org.

Temporary Dormitories of Mae Tao Clinic design.

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TIMBER IN INTERIOR DESIGN

Timber inspires Interior Specialists to create features out of problems Great spaces do not happen by accident. They are the result of understanding dimensions and envisioning what could be when permitting to flow, grow and transform to resolve into something spectacular.

hese words from Interior Specialists, a one-stop-shop that offers bespoke design solutions for interior designing and building needs within the retail, commercial, corporate and residential sectors. Interior Specialists implement the entire process for their clients â&#x20AC;&#x201C; from every log, brick, nail and scatter cushion to dealing with documentation, council, engineers and builders. Working closely together, they guarantee their clients an inspiring space where beauty meets function.

"Space affects and reflects your business and home; it mirrors your values and personality." - Craig Parr, Interior Specialists 34

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TIMBER IN INTERIOR DESIGN

Interior Specialists were recently approached by Coetzee & Associates to form part of the professional team responsible for the interior design aspect of the Angolan Embassy, which is due to be entirely refitted. (With it not being South African territory any longer, but now belonging to the Angolan Consulate, the building had to go through the council.) The client brief has specifically called for the creation of a highend office environment, which will be quite a challenge considering the existing structural restrictions of the building. But whilst still in the beginning phases of the project, including initial design and planning, the team is up to the task. They have already found creative ways to work within the existing fabric of the current building by creating features out of the problem areas. For example â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the selection of wood as cladding for the core of the building to become a drop-down bulkhead that makes way for the main service of the building to be reticulated through the floor.

INSPIRATIONAL TIMBER The Imbondeiro Tree (the national tree of Angola) has proven to be an inspiration for the timber selection, and the core feature of the design project will be wood. Wood will be incorporated appropriately throughout the building, including wooden floors and wooden wall panels inside the offices, shop-fitted wall end details, and custom wood architraves. The renderings shown here depict what the design team has in mind for the embassyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new look. And to help bring this vision to life, timber will be on hand to offer virtually limitless possibilities in the final design and construction. For more information, follow Interior Specialists on Facebook at facebook.com/Interior-Specialists.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

TIMBER TRUSSES

MiTek® timber roof structures MiTek Industries South Africa (Pty) Ltd., a division of the worldwide MiTek Group, is the leading roof truss system supplier in South Africa and the world.

network of more than 190 licensed roof truss manufacturers across South Africa provides a competitive and economic solution to even the most complex of roofing problems. This MiTek fabricator network, using MiTek’s state-of-the-art software programs, provides high quality, purposeengineered truss units to satisfy the needs of an increasingly complex roof market.

EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING THE DIVERSITY OF APPLICATION: RESIDENTIAL: Ideal for all types of residential roof structure applications, from very small to extremely large. Also especially well suited to attic roof applications to create extra living space at a lower overall building cost – a benefit still under-utilized in South Africa.

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TIMBER TRUSSES

COMMERCIAL: Well suited for all types of commercial roof structure applications up to about 17m clear span; thereafter transportation can become challenging (site-splicing is however an option). Also especially well suited to steep pitched roof structures rather than very shallow structures.

MULTI-PURPOSE: Gang-Nail® prefabricated framed structures can be very successfully utilized in so many different ways – from formwork and seating stands to simply exposed structures. This clearly illustrates the simplicity, beauty and strength of Gang-Nail® plated timber structures.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

TIMBER TRUSSES

EXTRAORDINARY: With special engineering input from MiTekâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own professional team of engineers it is possible to create some very large and unusual roof structures, as illustrated by the above and adjacent two projects that include the Vergelegen Mall roof structure and a sports hall with a 40m clear span.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT: MiTek Industries South Africa (Pty) Ltd. (t) +27 11 237 8700 (e) marketing@mitek.co.za (w) www.mitek.co.za

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

Prefabricated timber roof trusses

STRONG TIMBER CONNECTION MiTek Industries* is the leading Roof Truss System supplier in South Africa and the world. No need to go anywhere else! We are the world leaders in the industry, with 9 Engineers totalling 170 years’ experience (combined), we are also ISO 9001 accredited and backed with an international P.I.Insurance. We also offer full size prototype truss testing as an alternative truss design method. With a network of over 190 licensed truss manufacturers utilizing MiTek’s state-ofthe-art software we can provide a competitive and economic solution to even the most complex of roofs. With all our products and designs warranted, we offer total peace of mind.

Inventors of the Nail-Plate System (Gang-Nail) 1956. MiTek Park,754 16th Road, Randjespark, Ext. 34, Halfway House,1685. Midrand (Head Office) Tel: + 27(0) 11 237 8700 Cape Town Tel: 021 905 0244 • Durban Tel: 031 700 6332 • Port Elizabeth Tel: 041 581 7525 email: marketing@mitek.co.za • www.mii.com/southafrica *MiTek

Industries South Africa (Pty)Ltd, a division of the worldwide MiTek Group.

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WOOD TREATMENT INDUSTRY NEWS

Arch now offers value-added service with Vessel Certification

While the wood treatment process requires vigilant attention to the operation in its entirety, safety and compliance with regulatory statutes for treatment vessels is a top priority for Arch Wood Protection (Arch).

Commissioning of the new treatment plant at Highlands Sawmill in Harding by Shaun Schouten, Engineering Coordinator of Arch Wood Protection.

essel certification is a legal requirement issued under the Pressure Equipment Regulation (PER734) that can only be undertaken by a South African National Accreditation System (SANAS) certified inspector. Having recently completed such certification of the treatment plants owned by Arch Wood Protection on lease to its customers, Arch is now in a position to guide those customers who own their treatment plant through the process of certification. “We are committed to operations that ensure that the necessary steps are taken to uphold the highest safety standards at all times, and we are proud to be able to extend this commitment beyond the scope of our core business to include vessel certification. This is an area of expertise that allows Arch to provide a value-added service that upholds the highest principles and exacting standards of the wood preservation industry,” said Doug Sayce, General Manager of Arch Wood Protection South Africa.

VESSEL CERTIFICATION PROCESS For compliance with the PER734 and the Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1993, which makes provision for

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the safety of persons in connection with the use of machinery, treatment vessels require the implementation of a planned maintenance programme. Articulate recordkeeping on all routine maintenance and periodic servicing must be implemented to ensure that standards are being maintained. Arch has extensive knowledge in this area and is able to guide their customers on the requirements that need to be met. The vessel certification process involves conducting a thickness test on the vessel to determine the extent of any corrosion, and a pressure test to check the safe execution of the operational pressure levels. It is a legal requirement for all treatment vessels to be inspected and certified every 36 months. Should a treatment plant not meet the vessel certification criteria, authorities can place the plant under suspension of use until such time that it is corrected. “Our vessel certification assistance service further aligns with the Arch Wood Protection ISO 9001:2000 standard accreditation and the company’s philosophy to make continuous progress towards the vision of zero accidents, injuries or harm to the environment through 100% safety and regulatory compliance in the wood treatment process,” concluded Sayce.

BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION

A place made to relax and retreat 42

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BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION

The Naman Retreat - Hay Hay Restaurant and Bar was designed to be a modern but peaceful tropical green resort complex. Its harmonious mix of greenery, natural stone and bamboo achieves exactly that. Photographs by: Hiroyuki Oki // DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION

he Naman retreat resort, a qualified coastal resort, is located 16km from Da Nang international airport, beside the main linking road between Da Nang city and Hoi An old town. Covering an area of 3.4ha, the goal was to harmonize the hotel setting, including 80 bungalows, 20 villas and a further 6 VIP villas. The resort was conceptualized with the aim to provide a physical and mental retreat for guests within nature's friendly environment and through healthy activities such as spa treatments, yoga and beach sports. To achieve a perfect atmosphere that allows guests the maximum purification of body and mind, the resort was designed by harmonizing a mix of greenery, natural stone and bamboo.

THE HAY HAY RESTAURANT The building offering the main view to the beach and swimming pool has a ground-level capacity for 350 guests and serves as the dining space, providing breakfast, lunch and dinners for guests staying in the resort as well as those passing by. The basement serves as a kitchen and technical floor. The design of the restaurant is marked by a diverse range of spaces created through a change in floor level and by the bamboo structure of the building. While large groups can enjoy dining together under the bamboo domes, a family or a couple can enjoy their meal at the more private

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areas beside the conic columns, which visually divide the hall into intimate smaller spaces, creating the semi-private areas. The restaurant also provides the outdoor space for those who like to enjoy their meal under the sky. To provide light during the day, glass skylights on top of each dome in the centre of the building lead natural light into the dining space.

BAMBOO DESIGN The main structure of the restaurant is designed in bamboo. The rectangular plan of the restaurant is composed of 29 conic-shaped bamboo columns and two bamboo domes. All of the columns are connected by the pitched roof that consists of straight bamboos in the grid system. The design includes a glass faรงade, supported by concrete columns inside, to obtain a space that can be fully closed for air conditioning but still be connected with its surrounding exterior landscape. All the bamboo used in this resort was naturally treated in situ. The bamboo treatment process consists of bending by fire, soaking in water, and fumigation. This procedure took four months to achieve but yielded a better quality of bamboo.

BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION

The conic columns consist of inner straight bamboo columns, locally called ‘Luong,’ and an outer surface created by bended bamboos, locally called ‘Tam Vong.’ In order to get the most benefits from each type of bamboo, the design followed the features of each type. The Luong bamboo is more suited to overcome big spans, as the poles can reach lengths of up to 8m, and their diameters can reach up to 100mm. For bending, the Tam Vong bamboo is a perfect choice. The diameter is smaller, but the skin is thicker, making the poles very flexible and easy to bend.

For the unique feature of this hyperboloid, the design utilizes only Luong bamboo – well suited thanks to its strength and length – to support the 8.5m tall building. The bar affords the guests sitting inside a unique interior view and adds to a joyful atmosphere as it floats on water. It is also a buffer zone between the restaurant and the beach. For guests passing around the water surface, it gives an impressive mirroring view of the tower. For more information, visit www.namanretreat.com.

THE BAR The tower-like building floating on the water surface in front of the Hay Hay Restaurant is a bar, and it is connected directly with the restaurant. Although small-scale, the structure attracts attention thanks to its unusual organic shape that adds dynamic to the roof landscape of the restaurant. In technical terms, it is a hyperboloid shell. The structure looks very dynamic with its curves, but the geometry is very simple. The surface is like a cylinder that is rotated in two directions. To create this twisted surface, only straight lines are needed, and therefore only straight bamboos were applied.

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PROJECT: Naman Retreat - Hay Hay Restaurant and Bar (2015) in Danang, Vietnam ARCHITECTURAL FIRM: Vo Trong Nghia Architects PRINCIPAL ARCHITECT: Vo Trong Nghia ARCHITECTS: Ngo Thuy Duong and Nguyen Van Thu BAMBOO CONTRACTOR: Vo Trong Nghia Architects GFA: Restaurant 2,124m2; Bar 100m2 CLIENT: Thanh Do Investment Development and Construction JSC

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KNYSNA TIMBER FESTIVAL FEEDBACK

2015 Knysna Timber Festival: Well received, well attended - well done Hosting this year's event at the more central Premier Hotel venue paid off favourably for the Knysna Timber Festival, offering space for more than 50 stands and attracting visitors from across the country.

“The venue offers the opportunity to expand and incorporate even more workshops, conferences and interactive hobby courses, as well as housing a more diverse retail component – this festival has the potential of becoming one of the largest of its kind in the country, with both the Garden Route and major national companies showing their wares,” said Picca de Bruin, the Knysna Timber Festival Director. Taking into account event ticket sales and attendance over the three-day festival, a post-event survey showed that 48% of the more than 2,200 estimated visitors hailed from the Eden District, with the remainder of respondents originating from the Eastern Cape, Western Cape and Northern Cape (44% in total); Gauteng, the Free State and Kwa-Zulu Natal (6% combined); and only 2% from abroad. A statistics study done at the festival showed that events and the expo/exhibitions ranked as the top two activities undertaken during the festival (73% combined). This feedback is indicative of the broad regional interest in and the good timing of the festival.

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Significantly, business tourism reflected a strong growth potential as 14% of respondents primarily travelled for business; i.e., the respondents not only attended the festival but also came to do business in Knysna. The survey recorded 56% of respondents who indicated overnight stays and 44% who indicated day visits. The 2015 Knysna Timber Festival has already set the stage for the next event, with 98% of the total number of survey respondents either satisfied or very satisfied with their overall experience and providing valuable input the organizers can apply towards planning the next programme. The event’s success is mirrored in the overall positive feedback – 98% of visitors indicated they would attend the event in 2016 again. For more information on this year or next year’s planned event, send an e-mail to info@timberfestival.co.za.

KNYSNA TIMBER FESTIVAL FEEDBACK

ORIGIN OF VISITORS TO 2015 KNYSNA TIMBER FESTIVAL

SOME EXHIBITOR COMMENTS: The Knysna Timber Initiative placed the accent on introducing and encouraging young people to work with wood. “With new 3D technology and Make a Space services being available to young designers, wood offers a new image and trend.” — Jacques Cronje, Jacques Cronje Timber Design & Minima, from his presentation, ‘Development in timber architecture, design and manufacturing’ “The quality of visitors was excellent!” — Riaan Bosch, Why Honey “Excellent leads, and new clients from as far as East London. Number of feet was great, and the venue excellent!” — Owen Lottering, Woodman’s Timber - Knysna

Knysna business is a force to be reckoned with, as proved by T&B Group's Dave Simpson and his talk on building resorts and luxury residences in exotic and hard-to-reach locations around the globe. "I think people were very surprised at our logistical capabilities, and left with a feeling that Knysna definitely offers a lot more than meets the eye." — Dave Simpson, T&B Group “Fechters experienced an excellent show. One sale due to people seeing a desk in the factory, on the factory tour. Three good sales on Monday from festival visitors. At the stand we experienced good sales on smaller items. Very good quality of visitors at the festival.” — Morné Smith, Production Manager - Fechters

PULP PRODUCTION STUDY

Green moss – photograph by Jakob Lawitzki.

UPM and SYKE's study explores environmental impact of wood-based products UPM and the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) have been developing a method for assessing ecosystem services derived alongside the production of wood-based products. The study shows multiple benefits derived from the forest area used to yield pulpwood.

his pilot study focused on the environmental impacts resulting from the growth of trees used for the production of one ton of pulp. In the study, the carbon sink effect, water protection and the sustainability of native forest species were analysed in detail. The study confirmed that the forest area from where pulpwood is sourced yields multiple benefits besides just wood raw material. The study examined the amount of wood required for the production of one ton of softwood pulp at UPM in Finland, as well as the time required for the trees to grow. The trees purify over eight million litres of water and absorb over 4,000kg of carbon dioxide during their lifetime.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

The majority of Finland’s 20,000 forest species also inhabit areas used for wood production. Hundreds of species, such as moss, lichen and insects, depend on trees used in pulp production. Forest renewal secures the long-term survival of these species. UPM’s operations are based on using wood in numerous efficient ways to produce not only pulp, but also sawn timber, plywood, composites, papers and label materials. The company also uses industrial by-products and residues to produce energy, biochemicals and renewable diesel.

PULP PRODUCTION STUDY

PIONEERING PERSPECTIVES ON SUSTAINABILITY “With the help of ecosystem services, the environmental impacts of land management and raw material production can be described in a more diverse manner. For our study, we selected indicators that relate to the most important global environmental issues, such as renewable natural resources, climate change, clean water and biodiversity. All in all, the benefits derived from forests are highly diverse, extending from products we can collect to recreational enjoyment,” says Timo Lehesvirta, Director, Forest Global, UPM. “Projects like this are essential for the evolving bioeconomy in Finland. Companies should include the evaluation of natural ecosystem services in their management systems, and develop this into a responsible and productive business. The indicators or methods for measuring ecosystem services are not yet agreed upon anywhere in a commensurable fashion. Our research marks one step forward,” says Petteri Vihervaara, Senior Research Scientist specializing in ecosystem services, SYKE.

UPM - THE BIOFORE COMPANY UPM is progressively active in the reformation of bio and forest industries, with six business areas employing about 20,000 people: UPM Biorefining, UPM Energy, UPM Raflatac, UPM Paper Asia, UPM Paper Europe and North America and UPM Plywood. UPM products are made of renewable raw materials, are recyclable, and serve a global base of customers.

SYKE The Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) is part of Finland's national environmental administration. A governmental research institute and centre of expertise, it provides information, knowledge and services essential for social sustainability. UPM and SYKE have a long history of cooperation with each other and other operators within the environmental and forestry segments on projects relating to responsible forestry, environmental management and preserving biodiversity.

Visit Hout Bay House and Þnd out more   about our unique research project   and modern timber constructions! www.houtbayhouse.info www.hwz.co.za capetown@hwzinternational.com m.detko@hwzinternational.com gareth.hare@ifatimber.co.za

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

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TIMBER DESIGN

Look twice at Timber House 52

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TIMBER DESIGN

The beauty of Timber House (Wohnhaus aus Holz), designed by architects KĂ&#x153;HNLEIN Architektur, is equalled only by the beauty of the high plateau on which it is situated, in Upper Palatinate - a part of Bavaria, Germany. // DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

TIMBER DESIGN

his courtyard house, made of ecological building materials, looks like a wooden sculpture, with both the outdoor and indoor spaces having been developed especially for the residents. Two gabled structures are unified with wooden lamellas – one containing living spaces, and the other a series of bedrooms. The combination creates two yards: One becomes the space you pass by as you enter the house from the street, while the other is a terrace oriented towards the wide landscape. The windows to the street side are screened with the lamellae of the timber façade, while the windows to the landscape side have a free view. The façade is composed of untreated larch wood, so it will grey over time. The overall effect is that, from afar, the house actually looks like identical side-by side homes, completely devoid of windows. Inside, the use of timber continues with exposed structural framework, oak floors, as well as wooden tables, cabinets and effects. The wooden interior is complemented with copper fittings like lighting, switches, handles and faucets. Custom-made sockets and lamps were designed to tie the look together. The effect yields a comfortable living atmosphere inside. The electrical installation consists of copper pipes installed in front of the massive timber walls, so it was not necessary to perforate the walls.

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All the installations were designed by KÜHNLEIN Architektur, including the lamps, switches and sockets. An open-plan living space occupies the northern-most wing. It includes a wood-burning stove that rotates, as well as a dining table that was created using offcuts from the build. A little cloak-cabin for work clothes connects the garage, which sits at the front of this block. Three bedrooms are contained within the south-facing volume, as well as bathrooms. The master suite is positioned at the far end, offering views out over the beautiful landscape. For more information, visit www.kuehnlein-architektur.de.

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PUBLIC TREE FELLING

City of Cape Town cautions against unauthorized tree felling The City of Cape Town's Parks Department recently issued a reminder to residents that it is illegal to damage or remove trees on public land. The caution followed the removal of several trees, including protected Milkwoods.

nauthorized tree felling is seen in a serious light, especially when protected tree species come onto the chopping line. Offences can result in fines being issued or criminal charges being laid. Trees on public land are the responsibility of the City of Cape Town’s Parks Department. The City has a Tree Management Policy that provides clear guidelines for tree management, pruning, and removal of trees found on public land, which must be carried out by the Parks Department. “In recent months, several trees, including protected Milkwood species, have been damaged or cut down by residents, notably in Milnerton and Flamingo Vlei,” stated the City’s Acting Mayoral Committee Member for Community Services and Special Projects, Councillor Siyabulela Mamkeli.

MILKWOODS ENJOY PROTECTED STATUS The Milkwood is a Southern African coastal tree with dense foliage, black berries and small, dainty white flowers. Its formal name means ‘iron wood’ in Greek and refers to its hard timber. “We will not hesitate to prosecute those who are caught damaging or felling trees without authorization. Milkwood trees enjoy protected status and anyone found guilty could face a fine or jail sentence, in addition to having to pay the corrective pruning and replacement costs of the tree,” Councillor Mamkeli continued. “The importance of trees in our communities cannot be stressed enough; they are an integral part of the health of our neighbourhoods. “Our backyards, streets and parks are more peaceful and aesthetically pleasing environments because of trees.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

“Trees provide us with shade, oxygen and recreation, and improve our quality of life by bringing natural elements into our concrete jungle. Very old trees serve as historic landmarks and are often a great source of town pride. We need to work together to protect these natural resources,” stated Councillor Mamkeli.

THREE MILKWOOD TREES HAVE BEEN PROCLAIMED WITH PROVINCIAL HERITAGE STATUS: • The Treaty Tree in Woodstock, next to the house where, in 1806, the Batavian Republic (the modern Netherlands) surrendered Cape Town to the British; • The Fingo Milkwood in the Eastern Cape, which was the location for the signing of the Alliance Treaty between the Fengu people and the Cape Colony in 1835; • The Post Office Tree standing in Mossel Bay and which is believed to be 600 years old. This tree is situated about 1,000 feet from Santos Beach, which is regarded as the first (unofficial) post office in South Africa. Trees on public land in the City of Cape Town are the responsibility of the City, and residents should contact the City’s Parks Department with questions, concerns or pruning requests. The City’s Tree Management Policy can also be viewed online: http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/parks/ Documents/TreeManagementPolicy2014.pdf SOURCE REFERENCE: The City of Cape Town, website: http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Pages/ Citycautionsagainstunauthorisedtreefelling.aspx (2015/09/18)

CHAMPION TREES

Buffelsdrift Baobab

Honouring our Champions All trees are remarkable, but some are truly exceptional. Some of these are very well known, while others are admired by only a few individuals or within a close community. Not nearly enough of these outstanding trees enjoy protected status, and there is always the risk that they may become threatened. It is important to identify and protect them before that happens. Facts: Izak van der Merwe, Assistant Director with the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Photographs: Courtesy of Enrico Liebenberg, co-author of ‘We are the Champions’

t is true that many trees are legitimately felled or pruned for completely valid reasons, including being diseased or leaning over to such an extent that they pose a danger to life or property. On the other hand, many old and venerable trees are unnecessarily lost. The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) is often asked to intervene and save these trees, but can only act if the trees have protected status. In most cases, and especially if the threatened tree is on public land such as a sidewalk, the relevant local authority should be contacted for assistance – because intervention at national level will only be considered if the tree holds a recognized exceptional merit.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

CHAMPION TREES We need to be proactive in identifying and protecting our most important trees before they come under threat. The National Heritage Resources Act offers a legal way, but it is usually a lengthy and difficult process to have a tree declared as an object worthy of protection. And issues like property rights can add to the complications. However, trees not eligible under the National Heritage Resources Act but still worthy of protection based on exceptional size, age, aesthetics or cultural value, can be protected under the National Forests Act No. 84, of 1998. Such trees are considered Champion Trees.

CHAMPION TREES

Definition of 'tree' as applicable to trees protected under the National Forests Act No. 84 of 1998: A self-supporting woody plant with a stem diameter of larger than 10mm at breast height, which is higher than 3m if single stemmed and higher than 5m if multi-stemmed.

Arderne Cork Oak Under Section 12 of the National Forests Act of 1998, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries can declare certain tree species and individual trees or groups of trees as protected. Such protected trees may not be cut, disturbed or damaged and their products may not be possessed, sold or transported without a licence. These licences can only be issued by DAFF, upon investigation of the merits of each case. The destruction or damaging of individual trees declared as protected (such as Champion Trees) without a licence, is also prohibited. Such a licence would only be issued in the case of trees becoming a danger to life or property. Through the Champion Trees Project, the Department hopes to identify and protect the most important trees that can be regarded as national heritage assets of the people of South Africa. Nominations for trees are accumulated and evaluated annually by an appointed panel of experts. Trees placed on the short list are investigated (and physically inspected) to verify the correctness of information provided, and to obtain further information if necessary. A final selection is then made from the short list. The final list is published in the Government Gazette and two national newspapers for public comment, and thereafter declared as protected in the Government Gazette (with or without adaptions depending on the review of public comments).

CRITERIA TO BECOME A CHAMPION The scores indicated serve as a guideline to the evaluation panel in their decision to shortlist nominated trees for Champion status, with the highest attainable score for each criterium being 3.

SIZE AND AGE SCORE

Height, m

<25

25 - 30

31 - 40

>40

Stem Diameter, m

<1.0

1.00 – 1.50

1.51 – 2.50

>2.50

Crown Spread, m

<15.0

15.0 – 25.0

25.1 – 35.0

>35.0

Size Index, value

<120

120 - 180

181 - 250

>250

Age, years natural

<100

100 - 150

151 - 250

>250

Age, years planted

<60

60 - 100

101 - 150

>150

Natural trees must be at least 100 years old to be nominated for Champion status based on age. But unless the planting date is verified, age can be very difficult to determine. The size, and sometimes the form, can be an indicator of age, and in some cases experts may be able to estimate a tree’s age based on the known growth rate and characteristics of that specific tree species. When trees are nominated on the basis of their overall size (height, crown size and trunk diameter combined), the following formula is used: SI = √d x h x √cw Where: SI = size index; d = trunk diameter; h = height; cw = crown width (It is not necessary to determine overall size, as long as the height, trunk circumference or diameter, and crown size is given.)

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

CHAMPION TREES

Tsitsikamma Big Tree

AESTHETICS/LANDSCAPE AND ASSOCIATED VALUES To qualify as a Champion Tree, it must make an exceptional contribution to the landscape â&#x20AC;&#x201C; one that is not commonly seen. Beautiful tree avenues are very common in cities and

SCORE

towns (e.g. the oak avenues of Stellenbosch and Potchefstroom) and so are trees characteristic of certain landscapes (e.g. the poplars of the Eastern Free State). Not all these trees can be listed as Champions; the landscape value must be truly extraordinary.

Aesthetic (image of the tree or tree group)

More than just a normal tree or stand

Creates a special image in mind of observer

Creates an exceptional image in mind of observer

Landscape (enhancement of the landscape)

More than just a normal feature of landscape

A significant feature of landscape

A very significant feature of landscape

Historical (related to a past event or icon)

Had some relation with a past event or icon

Had a significant relation with a past event or icon

Had a very significant relation with a past event or icon

Cultural (of ongoing importance to a cultural group)

Have some relation with local group

Have some relation with provincial level group or more than one cultural group

Have broad cultural significance

Economic (able to generate economic benefits such as through eco-tourism)

Attracts only local or small groups with limited economic benefits

Attracts very significant and Attracts significant benefit to continuous benefits to a a variety of potential users broad range of potential users

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

CHAMPION TREES

Paul Roos Gymnasium Trees

ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR GROUPS (GROVES) OF TREES The group (grove) of trees must be a coherent stand of trees that is generally taller than 20m. Size measurements for the five largest trees will be considered.

PROGRAMME SUCCESS The Champions project is the only one in Africa that records and protects very large and very old trees by legislation, helping to safeguard exceptional trees from destruction. It is spearheaded by Izak van der Merwe, Assistant Director with the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries - Forestry Scientific Services, who continues to raise public awareness of our tree heritage. Van der Merwe has participated in more than 20 radio talks over the years, facilitated considerable television airtime for the project, ensured that widespread print media

Marriott's Lane coverage has been given to highlight these Champions, and has presented many talks at universities, schools and other events. Several trees have already been saved, most notably the Ruth Fischer Tree where he and councillor Steve Kotze of Johannesburg intervened just as the bulldozers were ready to take the tree down. A comprehensive reference, providing clear guidelines for the successful nomination of a tree to Champion status, is available and should be consulted. For example, a Champion can be indigenous or exotic, but it must be alive and cannot be a Category-1 invader plant species.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, EMAIL IZAK VAN DER MERWE OR VISIT THE WEBSITE: (e) izakvdm@daff.gov.za (w) www.daff.gov.za/daffweb3/Branches/Forestry-NaturalResources-Management/Forestry-Regulation-Oversight/ Sustainable-Forestry/Champion-Trees

WE ARE THE CHAMPIONS by Enrico and Erna Liebenberg

The first and only book showcasing all 75 Champion Trees of South Africa, with seven current nominees. With double-page spread photographs of the trees in their entirety, interspersed with smaller photographs of some of their most extraordinary features, it also captures the facts and statistics, folklore and urban legend of each tree. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a musthave for your coffee table. To purchase your copy, visit www.championtrees.co.za or www.facebook.com/treechampions.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

IUCN RED LIST

Understanding the IUCN Red List The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM (or the IUCN Red List) is the world's most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of plant, animal and fungi species. It is based on an objective system for assessing the risk of extinction of a species should no conservation action be taken. In this extract we learn more about using this important reference.

he IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria are intended to be an easily and widely understood system for classifying species at high risk of global extinction. And while this system is not the sole means of setting priorities for conservation measures for the protection of those taxa at the highest risk, it does provide an objective classification framework and has become a reference that is used around the globe. The first edition of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1 was published in 2001, after its formal adoption by the IUCN Council in February 2000. Since then it has been used as the standard for global Red List assessments published on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™. It is also used alongside the Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels (IUCN 2003, 2012), by many countries around the world as a standard system for national Red List assessments. Species are assigned to one of eight categories of threat based on whether they meet criteria linked to population trend, population size and structure, and geographic range. Species listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable are collectively described as ‘Threatened.’ The criteria for these three categories are extensive and fully captured under section V of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria – summarized in this article in Table 1. The IUCN Red List is not just a register of names and associated threat categories. It is a rich compendium of information on the threats to the species, their ecological requirements, where they live, and information on conservation actions that can be used to reduce or prevent extinctions. The IUCN Red List is a joint effort between IUCN and its Species Survival Commission, working with its IUCN Red List partners BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.

CATEGORIES AND CRITERIA To promote the use of a standard format for citing the Red List Categories and Criteria, the recommended form of citation is as referenced below: Written out, followed by the abbreviation:

1. EXTINCT (EX) A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual) throughout its historic range, have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.

2. EXTINCT IN THE WILD (EW) A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual) throughout its historic range, have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.

3. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR) A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered, and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

IUCN RED LIST

Threatened categories are Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN) and Critically Endangered (CR), and these represent species with a high to extremely high relative risk of extinction in the wild. 4. ENDANGERED (EN) A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Endangered, and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.

5. VULNERABLE (VU) A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Vulnerable, and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

6. NEAR THREATENED (NT) A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future.

7. LEAST CONCERN (LC) A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.

8. DATA DEFICIENT (DD) A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking.

Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data are available.

In many cases great care should be exercised in choosing between DD and a threatened status. If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, and a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may well be justified.

NOT EVALUATED (NE) A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria. NOTE: Under the criteria for Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable, there is a hierarchical alphanumeric numbering system of criteria and subcriteria. These criteria and subcriteria (all three levels) form an integral part of the Red List assessment and all those that result in the assignment of a threatened category must be specified after the category. Under the criteria A to C, and D under Vulnerable, the first level of the hierarchy is indicated by the use of numbers (1-4) and if more than one is met, they are separated by means of the ‘+’ symbol. The second level is indicated by the use of the lower-case alphabet characters (a-e). These are listed without any punctuation. A third level of the hierarchy under criteria B and C involves the use of lower case roman numerals (i-v). These are placed in parentheses (with no space between the preceding alphabet character and start of the parenthesis) and separated by the use of commas if more than one is listed. Where more than one criterion is met, they should be separated by semicolons. The following are just a handful of examples of such usage: • EX CR D • CR A2c+3c; B1ab(iii) EN B2b(iii)c(ii) • EN A1c; B1ab(iii); C2a(i) VU A2c+3c • CR A1cd VU D1+2 • EN A2abc+3bc+4abc; B1b(iii,iv,v)c(ii,iii,iv)+2b(iii,iv,v) c(ii,iii,iv)

THE IUCN RED LIST ASSESSMENT SYSTEM USES NUMEROUS DEFINITIONS TO CATEGORIZE AND EXPLAIN DATA, CRITERIA AND FINDINGS, AVAILABLE FOR VIEWING AT WWW.IUCNREDLIST.ORG. HERE ARE A FEW INTERESTING EXAMPLES: • Generation (Criteria A, C and E) Generation length is the average age of parents of the current cohort (i.e. newborn individuals in the population). Generation length therefore reflects the turnover rate of breeding individuals in a population. Generation length is greater than the age at first breeding and less than the age of the oldest breeding individual, except in taxa that breed only once. Where generation length varies under threat, the more natural, i.e. predisturbance, generation length should be used.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

IUCN RED LIST TABLE 1: Summary of the 5 criteria (A-E) used to evaluate if a taxon belongs in an IUCN Red List Threatened Category (Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable).1 A. POPULATION SIZE REDUCTION. POPULATION REDUCTION (MEASURED OVER THE LONGER OF 10 YEARS OR 3 GENERATIONS) BASED ON ANY OF A1 TO A4 CRITICALLY ENDANGERED

ENDANGERED

VULNERABLE

≥ 90%

≥ 70%

≥ 50%

A2,A3 & A4

≥ 80%

≥ 50%

≥ 30%

A1 Population reduction observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected in the past where the causes of the reduction are clearly reversible AND understood AND have ceased. A2 Population reduction observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected in the past where the causes of reduction may not have ceased OR may not be understood OR may not be reversible. A3 Population reduction projected, inferred or suspected to be met in the future (up to a maximum of 100 years) [(a) cannot beused for A3]. A4 An observed, estimated, inferred, projected or suspected population reduction where the time period must include both the past and the future (up to a max. of 100 years in future), and where the causes of reduction may not have ceased OR may not be understood OR may not be reversible.

based on any of the following:

(a) direct observation [except A3] (b) an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon (c) a decline in area of occupancy (AOO), extent of occurrence (EOO) and/or habitat quality (d) actual or potential levels of exploitation (e) effects of introduced taxa, hybridization, pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites

B. GEOGRAPHIC RANGE IN THE FORM OF EITHER B1 (EXTENT OF OCCURRENCE) AND/OR B2 (AREA OF OCCUPANCY) CRITICALLY ENDANGERED

ENDANGERED

VULNERABLE

B1. Extent of occurrence (EOO)

<100 km

<5,000 km

<20,000 km

B2. Area of occupancy (AOO)

<10 km

<500 km

<2,000 km

≤5

≤10

AND at last 2 of the following 3 conditions: (a) Severely fragmented OR Number of locations

(b) Continuing decline observed, estimated, inferred or projected in any of: (i) extent of occurrence; (ii) area of occupancy; (iii) area, extent and/or quality of habitat; (iv) number of locations or subpopulations; (v) number of mature individuals (c) Extreme fluctuations of: (i) extent of occurrence; (ii) area of occupancy; (iii) number of locations or subpopulations; (iv) number of mature individuals

C. SMALL POPULATION SIZE AND DECLINE

Number of mature individuals

CRITICALLY ENDANGERED

ENDANGERED

VULNERABLE

<250

<2,500

<10,000

25% in 3 years or 1 generation (whichever is longer)

20% in 5 years or 2 generations (whichever is longer)

10% in 10 years or 3 generations (whichever is longer)

≤50 90-100%

≤250 95-100%

≤1,000 100%

CRITICALLY ENDANGERED

ENDANGERED

VULNERABLE

<50

<250

D1. <1,000

D2. typically: AOO<20km or number of locations ≤ 5

CRITICALLY ENDANGERED

ENDANGERED

VULNERABLE

≥50% in 10 years or 3 generations, whichever is longer (100 years max.)

≥20% in 20 years or 5 generations, whichever is longer (100 years max.)

≥10% in 100 years

AND at one of C1 or C2 C1. An observed, estimated or projected continuing decline of at least (up to a max. of 100 years in future): C2. An observed, estimated, projected or inferred continuing decline AND at least 1 of the following 3 conditions: (a) (i) Number of mature individuals in each subpopulation (ii) % of mature individuals in one subpopulation = (b) Extreme fluctuations in the number of mature individuals

D. VERY SMALL OR RESTRICTED POPULATION

D. Number of mature individuals D2. Only applies to the VU category

Restricted area of occupancy or number of locations with a plausible future threat that could drive the taxon to CR or EX in a very short time.

E. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

Indicating the probability of extinction in the wild to be:

1 Use of this summary sheet requires full understanding of the IUCN Red List Categories and Guidelines for Using the ICN Red List Categories Criteria. Please refer to both documents for explanations of terms and concepts used here.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

IUCN RED LIST

• Continuing decline (Criteria B and C) A continuing decline is a recent, current or projected future decline (which may be smooth, irregular or sporadic), which is liable to continue unless remedial measures are taken. Fluctuations will not normally count as continuing declines, but an observed decline should not be considered as a fluctuation unless there is evidence for this. • Severely fragmented (Criterion B) The phrase ‘severely fragmented’ refers to the situation in which increased extinction risk to the taxon results from the fact that most of its individuals are found in small and relatively isolated subpopulations (in certain circumstances this may be inferred from habitat information). These small subpopulations may go extinct, with a reduced probability of recolonization.

IMPORTANT: The above information is an extract of, and not the full, comprehensive system. To ensure full understanding of IUCN Red List assessments, it is very important to refer to all of the following documents: 1. IUCN Red List Categories and (1) Criteria: Version 3.1 (IUCN 2001 and later editions). 2. The latest version of the Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (available from www. iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf; check the IUCN Red List website for regular updates of this document). 3. The latest version of the Documentation Standards and Consistency Checks for IUCN Red List Assessments and Species Accounts (available from www.iucnredlist.org/ documents/RL_Standards_Consistency.pdf; check the IUCN Red List website for regular updates of this document).

For national and regional level assessments using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, the Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0 (IUCN 2012 and later versions) must also be used. All of the above documents are freely available to download from the IUCN Red List website (www. iucnredlist.org). Note that documents (2) and (3) above are regularly updated; therefore, it is important to check the website for the current versions. SOURCE CREDIT AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. © 2001, 2012 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. For more information, visit www.iucnredlist.org or www.iucn.org.

ABOUT IUCN IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges by supporting scientific research; managing field projects all over the world; and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN, international conventions and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. The world’s oldest and largest global environmental network, IUCN is a democratic membership union with more than 1,000 government and NGO member organizations, and almost 11,000 volunteer scientists and experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is supported by over 1,000 professional staff in 60 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. IUCN’s headquarters are located in Gland, near Geneva, in Switzerland.

SAWMILLERS AND SUPPLIERS OF QUALITY SAWN BOARD

Manufacturers of pine board, decking, cladding, ceiling and ﬂooring.

TEL: 033 – 940 0040 EMAIL: lumbersales@ucl.co.za WEBSITE: www.midlandspine.co.za

INDUSTRY EVENT

LIGNA, which is held at the Hannover Exhibition Center in Hannover, Germany, next runs from 22 to 26 May 2017. Photograph: Deutsche Messe AG.

LIGNA 2017 new layout - exhibitors advised to register early The next LIGNA will take place from 22 to 26 May 2017 and will feature a revamped layout that will boost efficiency for all trade visitors and provide a more comprehensive, user-centric overview of all key technologies.

he upcoming season will continue LIGNA’s longstanding commitment to presenting future-defining solutions and innovative production equipment for the wood industry. The new layout will comprise seven main display categories: • Tools and Machinery for Custom and Mass Production • Machine Components and Automation Technology • Surface Technology • Wood-based Panel Production Technology • Sawmill Technology • Energy from Wood • Forestry Technology The move to merge the skilled woodworking trades categories into a new ‘Tools and Machinery for Custom and Mass Production’ category, in particular, has already met with very positive industry feedback. The new category will present the constituent technologies in an integrated manner that more accurately reflects the way in which they are used by their target markets. Another change relates to automation technology/machine components and surface technology.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

These two technology categories have grown in importance at LIGNA over the years and will therefore have their own centrally located display areas from 2017 on. “The new layout reflects changes in the way technologies are used by our target market. The market for woodworking and processing machines is no longer strictly segmented according to user scale or size, and technology types that were once distinct are now converging. The new layout has been very well received by our exhibitors. In fact, many have already registered for 2017 in order to secure their preferred locations at the show. We therefore urge companies thinking about exhibiting at LIGNA 2017 to register now in order to avoid disappointment,” remarked Christian Pfeiffer, the Director in charge of LIGNA at Deutsche Messe. In 2015 LIGNA , the world’s leading trade show for wood processing and woodworking machinery, plant and tools, featured 1,552 exhibitors – including 56% from outside Germany – and occupied 121,195m2 of net display space. The top exhibiting nations included Germany, Italy, Austria, China, Sweden and the USA . The show attracted some 93,099 visitors, 40% of whom were from abroad.

EDGEBANDING MACHINERY

Kayreed invests in high-end edgebander More and more, suppliers to the kitchen and shopfitting sectors, as well as office furniture manufacturers, are improving their edgebanding capabilities to retain their competitive advantage.

ayreed Board and Timber (part of the KayDav Group) in Langlaagte, Johannesburg, recently took the initiative to purchase a Casadei Flexa 307 edgebander from CMC Woodworking Machinery. By all accounts, it is proving to have been a good decision. The Casadei Flexa 307 is a high-end edgebander specifically for high-speed production and quick changeover. With the panel processing market evolving into a high-end finishing level, all local manufacturers and board suppliers are currently upgrading their machinery to accommodate their respective clients’ needs. Suppliers within the kitchen and shopfitting markets, as well as office furniture manufacturers, are driven to improve the quality of their edging in order to maintain or achieve an advantage over competitors in each of those arenas. As products are changing and machinery adapts to this need, the cost implications also factor into the equation, and clients looking for machinery want to find the best value for their money that the market can offer.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

Pieter Olivier, CEO of the CMC Group, recommended to Kayreed’s Mr Gary Davidson, the new release of the SCM Group’s Casadei Flexa 307 edgebander. This model of machine from Italy caters for the high end of the market and is capable of edging all materials and sizes available locally. The multifunctional digital machine is a one-stop production workhorse, delivering the best of the best edging results available at this time – at very reasonable price levels. Olivier supported his recommendation by explaining that a variety of models in the Casadei range cater for clients who are small or medium in size, and not only the high-end clients. With a visit to the CMC Group’s website, or nearest branch, prospective clients can secure the top-quality service and support that the CMC Group’s sales teams have become known for, to help purchase the right machine to meet their specific requirements.

EDGEBANDING MACHINERY

SPECIFICATIONS The machine is equipped with pre-milling (diamond cutters), a gluing station (with quick-release system), end trimming, top and bottom trimming, tilting trimming, a 4-motor corner rounding unit, radius scrapers (revolver type), flat glue scrapers, buffing wheels, and an antiadhesive unit. It is also equipped with a pre-melting unit for the adhesive, which enables smooth running of the machine without having to stop to refill the glue pot. The speed of the machine is 10 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 22m/min, which ensures high production with an end-user finish. Another appealing factor is that no additional work is needed on the board once it exits the machine. Panel thickness can vary from 10mm â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 60mm, and this machine can edge up to 15mm edging strips. It can also supply beautiful finishes on high-gloss boards as well as thicker panels on ABS impact edging. With colour replenish units as well as liquid adhesives with anti-static functions, this machine will produce world-class products all the time. The high-gloss panels with protective film will also stay intact on the machine, guaranteeing quality edging and finishes all year round.

If you need to change over quickly and efficiently between varying thicknesses and different sized edging, this machine will do the set-up in seconds at the touch of a button on the controller. Moreover, all the units adapt to the desired size. This eliminates trial by error with preprogrammed product sizes captured in the software. Userfriendly units can also manually be turned off in the software without affecting programmes that were already saved. Veneer and melamine finishes stand out when passing through this edgebander. All in all, clients are very impressed with the functionality and design that the Casadei range from the SCM Group offers. Everyone within the CMC Group wishes Kayreed well with their acquisition, and will continue servicing all their outlets countrywide in the same friendly yet professional manner that Kayreed has become accustomed to.

SCM GROUP TO PARTICIPATE AT XYLEXPO 2016 SCM Group, the biggest Italian group in the woodworking machinery industry, announced they will exhibit at the next Xylexpo. Their participation in the international industry exhibition fits into a strategy of strong development and innovation that the Rimini-based group is pursuing in different markets.

WOOD-MIZER SAWMILLS, SECONDARY PROCESSING AND BLADE MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT

DISCOVER HOW OWNING A WOOD-MIZER PORTABLE SAWMILL IS AN INVESTMENT THAT PAYS. Wood-Mizer Africa (Pty) Ltd Unit 1 Leader Park, 20 Chariot Rd, Stormill Ext 5, Johannesburg Tel: +27 11 473 1313, enquiries@woodmizerafrica.com, www.woodmizerafrica.com

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

SAWMILLING & SUSTAINABILITY

Sawmilling: A key ingredient in forest preservation efforts Wood-Mizer Africa's showing at the recent XIV World Forestry Congress put a challenge to policy formulators and sawmillers to rethink the role of sawmilling in attempts to preserve the globe's forest ecosystems.

he world’s cumulative focus turned to Durban recently where the XIV World Forestry Congress (WFC) – the first on the African continent – saw close to 4,000 participants from 142 countries convene to discuss the way forward in the sustainable use of the world’s forest riches. Despite ongoing attempts to find a balance between the three pillars of sustainability, namely economic opportunity, social equity, and the need to preserve the world’s natural forest resources, a defining and readily adaptable strategy remains elusive. Discussions at the WFC and the DANA Africa Timberland and Wood Processing Investment Conference, which preceded the WFC, predictably focused on redefining or exploring new mitigation and adaptation strategies that have increased sustainability as a core focus. The fact that both events took place in Africa not only served to position the continent at the apex of discussions on sustainability in general, and forests specifically, but also highlighted the challenges that it faces in preserving and regrowing its forests into the future.

SAWMILLING AND SUSTAINABILITY TOGETHER Wood-Mizer Africa was the only local sawmill supplier active in Africa that chose to showcase its wares and activities at both the WFC and DANA events. The company’s decision to attend was motivated by the basic understanding that sawmilling is an important part of Africa and the world’s efforts to secure a forest stewardship model that addresses the diverse imperatives of sustainability. At face value, sawmilling and sustainability seem to be at odds with one another, with sawmilling often and very unfairly typecast as the anathema of efforts to ensconce sustainability in forests. Wood-Mizer Africa’s experience on the continent has in fact found that the opposite is true:

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

Wood-Mizer Africa’s stand at the XIV World Forestry Congress. The company’s presence at the event highlighted how sawmilling can play an important part to preserve the world’s forest riches. Sawmilling is a key element in the search for increased sustainability, which includes conservation of forest resources, unlocking economic opportunity, and providing for increased levels of social equity.

THE AFRICA LOG EXPORT MODEL MUST CHANGE It starts by simply positing that the log export model that currently pervades Africa is no longer tenable and needs to change in order for a more sustainable timber production model to take shape. Although Africa has access to huge indigenous timber resources and favourable climatic conditions to support re-afforestation efforts going forward, the economic momentum that has to date resulted from this abundance of timber remains weak or inconclusive.

SAWMILLING & SUSTAINABILITY

This is principally the result of the log export, low local beneficiation model that still reigns supreme in Africa. Of the roughly five million cubic metres of timber harvested annually in Africa, only some 12% or 600,000m³ is beneficiated on African soil. The remaining 4,400,000m³ is shipped out of Africa for beneficiation elsewhere, with the bulk of the economic benefit resulting from this not supporting Africa’s economic transformation, but beefing up economies elsewhere. Africa therefore remains locked into its role as primary timber product supplier, instead of developing advanced timber economies that can beneficiate and replant the resource to support a burgeoning yet flourishing population and ongoing efforts to preserve Africa’s timber resources going forward.

HOW THEN TO UNLOCK THE TIMBER POTENTIAL THAT AFRICA HOLDS? A democratized sawmilling landscape, where sawmillers have access to affordable, modern sawmilling technology that makes it possible to cut logs into quality sawn material for local and export purposes, is part of the solution. Wood-Mizer’s wide footprint across Africa has illustrated the validity of this approach. The availability of modern, entry-level through to industrial-scale sawmilling technology now makes it possible for existing and new sawmillers to either start new mills or improve on the output from existing sawmills. The knock-on effect on downstream processing, valueadded timber exports, increased local economic activity, increased prosperity and higher living standards is selfevident.

Wood-Mizer’s proprietary thin kerf narrow bandsaw technologies are achieving 60% - 70% recovery rates throughout Africa – this also impacting on the amount of trees harvested to fill sawn timber inventories. The company’s dealer footprint across the continent, along with technical support on offer to sawmillers, means that sawmills are now properly maintained, downtime is reduced, and competitiveness is increased. Another important element in the search for a modern sawmilling sector in Africa is to match modern technology with affordability. Wood-Mizer’s modular range allows sawmillers to gain access to modern, affordable, entrylevel sawmilling technology and, over time, to improve the mill’s output with further additions as incomes increase and budgets accommodate more. This also makes the sawmilling process far more affordable and accessible than high capex, turnkey sawmilling technology, that admittedly has a place in the sawmill supply chain but probably more so in advanced timber processing economies. The mobility of the Wood-Mizer range that brings the sawmiller closer to the resource also provides for optimized transportation methods, higher margins at point-of-sale, increased accessibility to sawn timber, and a spike in economic activity. Wood-Mizer Africa and the pivotal role of sustainability in its sawmilling outreach strategy in Africa recently culminated in the launch of the company’s sustainability logo, with the logo depicting how conservation, economic opportunity through sawmilling and social equity can intersect to engender a greener and more productive world.

So, too, is a more clear-sighted view of what is required to manage the resource astutely going forward. When prosperous sawmilling and manufacturing endeavours that are supporting improved lives are reliant on the health of resources, forest reserves will be protected, and commercially reforested land will increase. An important aspect of judicious forest management practices also involves the establishment of a modern, forward-thinking and professional sawmilling sector. Africa was, and continues to be, flooded with obsolete or poorly supported sawmilling equipment that does not answer to the needs of the sector. A key example of this is timber recovery stats. Recovery in layman’s terms means to reduce waste by cutting or recovering the most sawn timber possible from the available log volume. Dated, inefficient and unsupported sawmills throughout Africa dog attempts to up recovery levels and reduce the amount of trees that have to be cut down to supply set amounts of sawn timber.

Wood-Mizer Africa’s recently launched sustainability logo. A first for sawmilling in Africa, the logo depicts how sawmilling can unlock the imperatives that underpin sustainability, with people and timber benefiting equally from this process.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

SAWMILLING WET TARGET SIZE

If your sawmill isn't operating at maximum capacity and profit, read on. Although some might consider it the 'art' of sawmilling, sawmilling is in fact a business - and should be seen as such. As a sawmiller, you should aim to increase your profits. One way to do that is to yield more final product from a given amount of raw material, at higher grades. Article by: Barry Muller, BSc Forestry, MTech Forestry; Wood Technology Lecturer at NMMU School of Natural Resource Management

DETERMINING WET TARGET SIZE

1. FINAL DIMENSION/SIZE (MARKET FACTOR)

Important note: In this article, a 36mm pine (Pinus patula) board thickness is used as the reference example. The goal is to determine the appropriate wet target size in order to produce a 36mm board.

Whilst timber used for industrial applications such as wooden pallets, packaging, decking, etc. are graded not so much on strength but more on aesthetic attributes, the same cannot be said of structural timber. Structural timber, and specifically timber roof trusses, are primarily strength graded, for obvious reasons. Because inferior structural timber could result in not only monetary loss but also cause damage and threaten lives, it is important that it be evaluated on strength. Should the board be deemed too thin, it will be degraded and marked accordingly. Visual grading also plays a role, but more so in the event that visual elements such as knots and thickness influence the strength factor of the wood.

A highly efficient sawmill is one that produces the highest possible yield. Like the old adage ‘less is more,’ a smaller target size could yield higher profitability. The following information is helpful in understanding the factors that determine the target wet size and in deciding whether the target size you are working towards, could do with an adjustment. Target width Sawing allowance Shrinkage allowance Planing allowance

Target thickness Minimal acceptable size

Marketed thickness

Marketed width

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE WET TARGET SIZE INCLUDE: 1. The final or market dimension/size (considered to fall under market factors) 2. The planing allowance – if needed (considered as wood attributes) 3. Shrinkage allowance (considered under management policies) 4. Sawing variation allowance (an operational factor)

THE FINAL DIMENSION OF PLANED STRUCTURAL TIMBER: Note: For illustrative purposes, this article uses 36mm as an example. It is not a coincidence that the largest market for structural timber lies with the roof truss sector, in which 36mm is the most used market dimension – and in the highest demand. As is pointed out under Planing Allowance further in this article, the range within which the acceptable variances as allowed under SANS1783-2 fall, is not broad. (Ultimately, 36mm is going to become the definitive standard to achieve regularization.) Rough sawn Planed a. 76mm………….....69mm b. 50mm……………..44mm c. 38mm……………..36mm

2. PLANING ALLOWANCE (WOOD ATTRIBUTES) Planing variance ranges between 1mm and 5mm. Influencing factors include the rough sawn surface, sawing variation – both within and between the board, acceptable allowable skip, and board distortion (also referred to as cupping).

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

SAWMILLING WET TARGET SIZE The goal is to regularize (plane) timber to a tighter tolerance. According to SANS1783-2 (2007), rough sawn boards variance of 5mm (+3, -2) for a 38mm board is allowed. The roof truss industry can only accept a tolerance of 1mm, thus all the structural timber for this specific market is planed to a tolerance of 1mm (+1, -0) for a 36mm board.

3. SHRINKAGE ALLOWANCE (MANAGEMENT POLICIES) Shrinkage varies, and is influenced by: a. Initial MC (moisture content) percentage b. Final MC (moisture content) percentage c. Species d. Tangential or radial cut

TOLERANCES (SANS1783-2, 2007) 1

DIMENSIONS

TOLERANCE (mm)

Length

+50 1) -02)

Rough sawn width a) Less than 114mm b) 114mm or more, but less than 228mm c) 228mm or more d) Maximum variation in width of any piece

+5 ) +6 ) -3 +8 ) 5

Regularized widths3) All timber

+2 -0

Rough sawn thickness a) Less than 50mm b) 50mm or more

+3 -2 +5 -2

c) Maximum variation in thickness of any piece

Regularized thicknesses4)

+1 -0

1) When cut to length is required. 2) In all cases. 3) On the minimum rough sawn width. 4) On the minimum rough sawn thickness.

Table Reference: SANS1783-2 (2007) Edition 1.6

Image credit: NZFFA (2015)

Radial sawn

Tangential sawn

Plain sawn Tangential grain

Quarter sawn Radial grain

Image credit: Advantagelumber (2015)

EXAMPLE: Pinus patula in Mpumalanga. Tan Average: 7.4 % Rad Average: 3.2 % FSP (Fibre Saturation Point) to Oven dry Site: Weighted means. Vertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals

Using 2mm as an example in illustrating planing allowance: The bottom planer is set, normally at 1mm; here the top planer head removes the difference, from 0.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; xmm. Consideration should be given to cupping and warping correction, to combat the loss of timber that occurs after logging and the subsequent drying process.

Site

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

ShrkRadAve

ShrkTanAve

SAWMILLING WET TARGET SIZE SHRINKAGE AND DENSITY OF TIMBERS USED IN SOUTH AFRICA (EXTRACT - 2 EXAMPLES) BOTANICAL NAME

GREEN MOISTURE CONTENT

GREEN DENSITY

DENSITY AT 10% MOISTURE CONTENT

PERCENTAGE SHRINKAGE FROM GREEN TO 10% MOISTURE CONTENT

PERCENTAGE SHRINKAGE FROM GREEN TO OVEN-DRY

Average g/cm3

Range g/cm3

Average g/cm3

Range g/cm3

Shrinkage VolumeTrically Determined

Radial

Tangential

Longitudinal

Radial (R)

Tangential (T)

R+T 2

% 2

P. elliottii

115

0,93

0,741,06

0,52

0,410,65

10.5

3,96

6,66

0,23

2,66

4,28

3,47

P. patula

128

0,88

0,641,14

0,45

0,350,61

9,7

3,04

7,19

0,25

1,92

4,79

3,36

Credit reference: van Vuuren et al., 1978

Freshly logged timber will not shrink unless and until it reaches 28% moisture content or below. The shrinkage allowance that should be anticipated in order to meet the target wet size: • Initial MC%: >28%...fibre saturation point (FSP) • Target MC%: 14% • NOTE: The more the timber is dried, the more shrinkage will occur MOISTURE CONTENT - SANS 1783-1:2007 (EDITION 1.3) At the time of grading, not more than 10% of pieces in a lot (see B2.1.2 of annex B) shall have a moisture content, determined in accordance with clause C.6 of annex C, that exceeds 150g/kg, and the moisture content shall not exceed 170g/kg in any cross-section of a piece. In the case of brandering and battens, not more than 10% of pieces shall have a moisture content that exceeds 170g/kg, and in no piece shall the moisture content exceed 180g/kg.

% Shrinkage from FSP to oven-dry for Pinus patula

Each sawmill has its own target, which will determine by how much the planks will shrink. Similarly, each sawmill has to maintain its own calculations. For illustrative purposes, here is an example calculation of average shrinkage: 1. Determine target MC% shrinkage values for specie a. E.g. 14% (for this illustrative example) 2. Use average of tangential and radial shrinkage % a. E.g. 14% MC for Pinus patula b. (3.55 % + 1.5%)/2 = 2.53% 3. Choose initial wet target board size: a. E.g. 40mm (for this illustrative example) 4. Calculate the theoretical shrinkage a. 40mm board: 40 x 2.53% = 1.01mm

CRITICAL SIZE: This should be the thinnest possible wet target size that allows for: the final dimension, planning and shrinkage, but not for sawing variation. In this example: • 36.00mm + 2.00 mm + 1.01mm = 39.01mm But, naturally there will be sawing variation.

Tangetial shrinkage %

Shrinkage %

Radial shrinkage %

4. SAWING VARIATION ALLOWANCE (OPERATIONAL FACTOR) Sawing variation is the deviation of the cut from the planned path. In relation, a variation in board thickness is caused by normal cause of variation and special cause of variation.

SAWING ACCURACY BENCHMARKS FOR SOFTWOODS (MM) Moisture content %

RADIAL SAWN: Radial sawn board shrinks tangential in thickness

Radial sawn

Tangential sawn

TANGENTIAL SAWN: Tangential sawn board shrinks radially in thickness

MACHINE CENTRE

TOTAL STANDARD DEVIATION (ST)

Logsaw/Carriages

0.76-1.27

Band Resaw

0.508-0.76

Board Edgers

0.508-1.016

Multirips

0.127-0.381 Credit reference: Brown (2000)

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

SAWMILLING WET TARGET SIZE Standard deviations: Entail the variation of measurements from the mean, and include different types, namely:

Wet target size - adding S t to critical size:

• Within board (Sw) • Between board (Sb) • Total Standard Deviation (S t) (S t will be used here for further calculation on sawing variation.)

Critical size

In standard deviations, the frequency distribution of data normally forms a bell-shaped curve. More standard deviations will include more data. Two standard deviations is normal (95% of data included).

39.01mm + 0.772x 2

40.55mm

DETERMINING SCANT (TOO THIN) CUTTING % The sawmill must decide on the percentage or number of too thinly cut planks that it finds acceptable for its operation. This will be dependent on management policies and their determination of what is acceptable. The loss should be calculated in grade (S5 to XXX). • Determine acceptable confidence, normally 95% • Z = standard deviation; thus 1 Z = 1 standard deviation • 2 Z ± Mean = 95% confidence (2.5% scant cut allowable) • 3Z ± Mean = 99.7% confidence (0.15% scant cut allowable)

99.7% Reminder: The critical size should be used as a reference point in working back to the wet target size.

The most widely applied norm is a standard deviation of 2, followed by a standard deviation of 3 (in instances where the specification is extremely precise and exacting, for example for bespoke furniture pieces).

Critical size

39.01mm + St x 2

Wet target size

CALCULATIONS OF STANDARD DEVIATIONS (Where S t= total standard deviation) An easy method: Calculating S t on Excel (in below example there are 8 planks) 3

37.9

37.5

38.45

39.35

38.45

38.35

38.9

37.65

38.65

38.35

39.3

39.45

37.85

38.6

37.65

38.6

38.25

39.45

39.6

38.5

38.7

36.7

37.3

38.15

39.5

38.5

39.6

38.5

Board Average

37.813

37.475

38.013

38.3

39.4

38.575

38.675

307.25

Mean Square

0.632

0.281

0.507

0.017

0.008

0.372

0.544

0.029

0.299

STDEV

0.795

0.53

0.712

0.129

0.091

0.61

0.738

0.171

RANGE

1.85

1.2

1.35

0.3

0.2

1.15

1.75

0.4

NUMBER

38.15

38.55

37.85

0.547

0.635

0.772

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

TOTALS

SAWMILLING WET TARGET SIZE

Normally choose 2 or 3 STDEV

0.15%

Final Size:

36mm

Specs or Client

Final Size:

36mm

Planing Allowance:

2.00mm

Skip Allowance Rough surface

Planing Allowance:

2.00mm

Shrinkage Allowance:

1.01mm

% Final MC Tangential /Radial mix

Shrinkage Allowance:

1.01mm

Sawing Variation Z=2

1.54mm

Calculate STDEV; Determine Z

Sawing Variation Z=3

2.32mm

99.7%

CONFIDENCE IMPLICATION • If the sawmill decides on an acceptable standard deviation (Z) of 3, the confidence level is higher. As can be seen in the above graph, if Z=3 then 0.15% of the planks will be too thin, and 0.15% of the planks will be too thick. The larger the target size, the less volume recovery will be gained. The lower the occurrence of scant cutting, the higher the recovery value that will be achieved. • If the sawmill decides to implement Z=2, the confidence level is lower. The smaller the target size, the higher the volume recovery. And, the higher the occurrence of scant cutting, the lower the recovery value.

FROM 2 TO 3 STANDARD DEVIATIONS

Wet Target Size:

40.55mm

41.33mm

IMPLEMENTING NEW WET TARGET SIZE It is suggested that the new wet target size be implemented over a one-month period. In addition, implement repeat measures to lower the risk. To start, implement the adjusted target size by 50% of the theoretical, and run and follow the sample boards right through the mill. If the result is satisfactory, implement the total new target size. Monitor the results closely and take corrective action as needed. It is important that each machine centre is set its own target size (Brown, 2000).

Wet target reduction of 1.12mm Critical size

• 99.7% of data instead of only 95%

40.21 mm 39.01mm +0.4 x3+ 0.772 x 3

Critical size

39.01mm + 0.772 x 3

41.33 mm

As reflected above, by reducing the wet target size, you reduce the sawing variation. This will result in a higher recovery and therefore higher profitability.

41.33 mm

For more information, the author Barry Muller can be emailed at barry.muller@nmmu.ac.za.

REFERENCES CONCLUSION The goal is to determine the optimal wet target size; in other words, to be able to set the machine to the thickness setting at which the planks must be sawn to, for the highest efficiency. The sawmill manager must decide on acceptable deviations, and that is why two wet target sizes are indicated in the following example – to show the different results. Ultimately, the more accurate the sawing operation is, the smaller the deviation. And the smaller the deviation, the smaller the wet target size, resulting in a higher profit margin.

Advantagelumber, 2015. [Image],[Online] http://goo.gl/o9bSZT. [Accessed 2015] Brown, T.D., 2000. Performance excellency in the wood products industry, Lumber size control, Part 2: Size Analysis Considerations. Oregon State University. NZFFA, 2015. [Image],[Online] http://goo.gl/AJrwMi [Accessed 2015] South African National Standards (SANS) 1783-2, 2007. Sawn softwood timber. Part 2: Stress-graded structural timber and timber for frame wall construction. Standards South Africa. Pretoria. Van Vuuren, N.J.J., Banks, C.H. and Stöhr, H.P., 1978. Shrinkage and density of timbers used in the Republic of South Africa. South African Forestry Institute, Bulletin 57.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

STIHL ADVERTORIAL

Precision and power for professionals Any job is easier, faster and safer when the right tools are used. When you need to cut wood in enclosed spaces, it makes sense to invest in a professional-grade chainsaw that combines powerful performance with low weight, accuracy, safety, comfort and environmentally friendly features - the STIHL MSE 250 C-Q.

his newly released model is the latest in the STIHL top-end range of electric chainsaws, from a company that has established a global reputation based on its innovative and robust chainsaw designs. The STIHL MSE 250 C-Q offers demanding users precision and power, without the noise. Its 2.5 kW electric motor is designed to cope with the challenges of heavy duty woodwork such as timber dressing at mills, cutting firewood, and even interior carpentry, as noise levels are surprisingly low. As always, user comfort and safety are priorities for STIHL, and the MSE 250 C-Q has an ergonomic design that makes it well balanced and lightweight – around 5kg – despite its robust delivery and high cutting power. Safety features include the STIHL QuickStop Super braking system, which stops the saw as soon as the rear handle is released, and the overload cut-out, which automatically protects the motor from overheating. The STIHL Rapid Super 3 fastcutting chain with humped drive link is low kickback, and in conjunction with the STIHL Rollomatic E bar it provides optimum plunge-cutting and high-precision performance, supported by an aluminium bumper spike that hooks into the wood for total accuracy and control. Other practical features include the easy-to-open toolless filler cap for quick chain oil refilling, and a viewing panel on the lubricant tank that allows for checking lubricant levels at a glance. In addition, the chain is quickly accessible for uncomplicated changing, while the STIHL side chain tensioner protects the user from the sharp teeth. The captive nut on the chain sprocket cover is also a useful design element. Lightweight, efficient and quiet, the MSE 250 C-Q electric chainsaw starts as soon as it is plugged in and delivers a high-powered performance. It’s a tough tool that gets any woodwork job done faster, safer, more efficiently. Just what the professionals need.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

SELECT SAWMILL CO. SNAPSHOT

SELECT Sawmill Co. Timber iQ is pleased to share more about Canada-based SELECT Sawmill Co. and what drives their successful operations, as learned first-hand from their team. “SELECT Sawmill Co. has been promoting a moderate approach to commercially viable sawmilling for more than 18 years. In today’s challenging markets, time means money – and while we do not pretend to have the lowest prices in town, we do guarantee our customers the best sawmill for their buck. With a cutting speed ‘Up to 3 Feet per Second,’ time is exactly what we give back to customers using our doublecut wide band mill. It’s easy to build a sawmill, but it’s another story to design one that will give you the edge over challenging markets and workplaces. Some clients, using our popular 4221 Model, are producing over 8-million BFT per year cutting white pine logs, while others are handling large logs up to 42 inches in diameter x 60 feet long. For a better understanding of what SELECT has to offer, our BC customer ‘Cowichan Lake’ says it well: “It’s impossible for us to compete neck to neck with the large multi-million dollar sawmill operations...but what we call our ‘small SELECT Sawmill on steroids’ has brought us steady, solid production volume. We haven’t regretted buying it for even a second.” Our close relationships with our customers’ daily challenging working reality give us valuable insight and guide us to design products that excel and withstand the toughest conditions, like processing very hard or even frozen logs in the coldest regions in Canada or Russia, or very long or large logs in Africa or Australia. Our doublecut band mills are now helping businesses on every continent to produce higher volumes of lumber and to increase their bottom line. Our strong reputation, earned from the high craftsmanship and strict quality control of every piece of equipment we manufacture, has helped us to succeed. Each of our employees plays an important role and participates actively toward the success of the company. Our expertise in the field also enables us to custom fit equipment for specific customer needs. We strongly believe that one’s life-dedicated work deserves only the best equipment available.” For more information, visit www.selectsawmill.com.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

Pressure Treated Timber Timber with a moisture content below 20% cannot rot. This may not always be possible when used outside in exposed conditions as it requires proper application and maintenance of a suitable penetrating and water repellent wood sealer. The options are to use either naturally durable but expensive exotic hardwoods, or less costly locally grown non-durable Pine or Eucalyptus (gum) timber or poles, that have been pressure treated with a suitable wood preservative to the desired exposure or hazard class.

The H class system is a guide to help you buy the correctly treated timber for your project. Be sure to look for the required H class on the timber as well as one of the two quality marks given below.

Sustainable Timber Resource Timber is the most sustainable building product available to man. It’s naturally renewable. Over 90% of plantations grown in South Africa are FSC® certified.

Hazard classes: H2— dry interior above ground H3— exterior above ground H4— in ground contact H5— in contact with fresh water and wet soil H6— in contact with marine waters

For more information on preservative treated timber, or where to find a SAWPA member, contact us on 011 974 1061 or sawpa@global.co.za or visit our website at www.sawpa.co.za

A member of

TREE PLANTING EVENT

Get active change your world Applications are now open for the Zambia Festival of Action 2016! Photographs by: Marike Herselman

he time for action is now, says Greenpop, a Cape Town-based tree planting and eco-education organization. Greenpop has opened applications for their annual Zambia Festival of Action. This conference of active citizens has grown into a fully-fledged service learning experience that engages participants from all over the world through an immersive and holistic experience of environmental action. Building on the learnings from the project’s five-year journey, the 2016 edition promises to dig even deeper into cultural discovery, green living, and the impact of planting trees and growing food forests. Inspired individuals ready to get active for the planet can apply to join for one, two or three weeks from 25 June to 17 July 2016. High school students with a passion for forging a green future can apply to join the School’s Programme (25 June – 2 July), and people of all ages can apply to be a part of one (or both) of the general weeks (3 – 10 July and 10 – 17 July).

WHY ZAMBIA? Greenpop co-founders Lauren O’Donnell and Misha Teasdale received a phone call in 2010 about 15,000 baby trees sitting in Zambia with no one to plant them. Those saplings, and the man who propagated them, are what took Greenpop to Zambia to explore the possibilities of running a community project there. They discovered a country heavily affected by both deforestation and climate change, making it a relevant space for environmental action. But Zambia also has a very friendly and welcoming culture, an abundance of inspiring individuals, and a wealth of expertise, making it the perfect location to create a platform for exchange. “The Zambia Festival of Action has become such a big part of our lives at Greenpop,” says O’Donnell. “It feels very powerful to bring so many like-minded, inspired people together with a common goal of planting trees and sharing knowledge on the state of our environment and solutions on how we can contribute to conserving our planet. The magic comes from these interactions.”

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

MOVING INTO ACTION At the heart of Greenpop’s ethos is a belief that environmental solutions lie, not in anxiety, which can immobilize, but in positive environmental action. That belief in action shapes and guides the eco-education adventure that Greenpop takes its participants on. Individuals who are accepted into the programme explore local and global environmental issues, challenge themselves to find solutions for a greener future, get hands-on permaculture experience, and, together with local participants, plant trees, build using eco-bricks, brighten up schools with environmental murals, grow food forests, set up recycling systems, and more.

TREE PLANTING EVENT These actions have a value in and of themselves, but what they unlock within those who attend is a sense of empowerment to change their world – a mental shift that has an impact far beyond participants’ time in Livingstone. What’s more, the Zambia Festival of Action multiplies the strength of that empowerment by activating people en masse. “When there’s a collective source of input and energy, what you create is something amazing,” shares Lara Roux, a yoga teacher from Cape Town who attended in 2015.

Yoga sessions, early morning dance-offs, documentary screenings under the stars and inspiring talks are all designed to nourish the self. Gathigia Kinyua, a Kenyan student at St John’s College in Johannesburg, joined Greenpop’s first School’s Programme in 2015 and said, “If you were looking for a new and different experience to connect with nature and with people, this is it.”

HOW TO APPLY LEARN IT. LIVE IT. Learning by doing and developing practical skills are key to the Zambia Festival of Action experience. “When I came here I thought I’d be giving; helping with murals and planting trees, but I think that I’ve taken more than I’ve given, because I’ve learnt so much,” remarks Sonja Meyer, a fine arts student from UCT. Once participants arrive at the Greenpop camp, just outside of Livingstone, they are immersed in a culture of mindfulness. From the vegetarian, locally sourced meals to the on-site, zero-waste upcycling system – it all makes for the perfect space to turn green living into a habit. Greenpop also believes in the transformative power of fun, which is why they infuse their days of action with playfulness and encourage attendees to treat themselves as sustainably as the environment.

Those who wish to join the Zambia Festival of Action 2016 must fill out an application form. After a review and a brief telephone interview, applicants receive confirmation of whether or not they have been accepted into the programme and can then proceed to pay their deposit. Greenpop has also provided a fun alternative way for people to ‘pay’ for their placement: Trees for Fees, a fundraising initiative whereby attendees get their friends and family to sponsor funds for trees in exchange for a place at the Zambia Festival of Action (e.g. funds for 80 trees equals a free 1-week placement; funds for 150 trees equals a free 2-week placement). For more Information, send an email to zambia@greenpop.org or visit www.greenpop.org/projects/trees-for-zambia/.

PREFAB TIMBER CONSTRUCTION

Efficient, prefab, sustainable and passive. Dom Arquitectura takes us through Wood House Studio, explaining more about the sustainable concepts that motivated this construction project - and the role that timber played.

he orientation and position of the house/studio was carefully studied in order to take full advantage of the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s available resources and climatic conditions, thereby reducing its environmental impact and energy consumption, and improving its interior comfort.

The compact rectangular volume is only perforated at the terrace and porch, which allows for those two spaces to be covered and protected by the roof overhang. This compactness contributes to the reduced energy demands.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

PREFAB TIMBER CONSTRUCTION

SUSTAINABLE CONCEPTS SUN PROTECTION AND NATURAL CROSS VENTILATION: The house has a rectangular plan. The south elevation possesses the biggest and best-protected openings against summer sunrays. The studio opening is protected by a 2m roof overhang that prevents direct radiation during the hottest season. The big opening at the living room is designed in line with the outer wall; therefore, a 1m-deep sunshade overhang designed in wood is placed above it, to protect it from direct sunlight during summer. The overhang’s design and placement allow the winter sunrays to enter the interior spaces, helping the heating of same. The temperature and pressure differences between south and north façades produce a gentle cross ventilation through the openings at both these elevations. The openings, bigger at the southern façade, favour the thermal control of the interior spaces. Especially during the summer months, the natural cross ventilation will benefit the cooling of the main spaces.

LIFTED TO REDUCE ITS PRINT: The house is placed on a south-oriented, steep slope. An existing, older structure of concrete pilotis and steel beams serves as a building foundation, allowing the construction to be lifted above the natural terrain and minimizing its environmental impact.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

The timber technology chosen has allowed the precise design and measurement of each and every element. All materials are locally available and found within the nearby area, decreasing transportation costs and allowing for an easier reuse in the future. These design moves have optimized resources and reduced waste, CO2 emissions, and the overall environmental impact.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND IRRIGATION TANK: Seven water tanks underneath the house can hold up to 10m3 of water collected from roofs and exterior pavements, to be used later for irrigation of the lawns and the garden.

ECOLOGIC KITCHEN GARDEN: A kitchen garden has been designed to allow the residents greater self-sufficiency, planned for a flat extension attached to the house where organic vegetables can be planted. Nearby, a small bees’ house has been built for the daily production of honey.

SEIZING SOLAR ENERGY: Solar panels have been placed on the roof to produce ACS for the bathroom, reducing energy consumption from the grid. Eventually the studio will be used as a house producing ACS on a daily basis.

PREFAB TIMBER CONSTRUCTION

TIMBER STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS ARCHITECT'S COMMENTS ON THE PREFABRICATED AND REUSABLE SYSTEM: The construction process is based in prefabricated timber components, ecological and responsible towards the environment. The timber used is recyclable, reusable, light and easy to mechanize. The system used for this project is a light structural framework in red pine wood. Due to the geographical location, and the site itself, all pieces were premade-to-measure in a workshop, facilitating transport and join-up, and then assembled in situ. All the timber comes from the Catalan Pyrenees, using local materials to reduce transport and consumption. All wooden pieces have been certified with the CE and CTB AWN TIMBER stamp and have PEFC certification. These ensure sustainable management of the forest resources. Wood is the only material that reduces CO2 emissions up to almost null once assembled and construction has ended. The wallsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; thermal transmittance is of U=0.268 and the roofsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is of U=0.207 reaching an A+ energetic qualification. The fire resistance of the structure is RF=30. The interior finishes are made in a three-layered plywood with pine finish, and the exterior finishes are in autoclaved treated fir wood.

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

PREFAB TIMBER CONSTRUCTION

USE OF NATURAL MATERIALS: Timber is the main material used for structural purposes as well as for most of the interior and exterior finishes. Nevertheless, the interior pavements are designed in linoleum, the only pavement lining offered in the market made mainly of renewable raw natural materials.

THERMAL INSULATION: Thermal insulation prevents heat losses during winter and gains during summer due to proper protection. The choice of timber as a main material plays a role in the general insulation of the construction. Timber has very low thermal conductivity, around 0.13. In addition, the team placed 16cm-thick insulation (instead of the regular 5cm used in the area) in a natural and biodegradable material. The material chosen is wood fibre with a 0.043W/mK thermal conductivity and 50kg/m3 density. The insulation wraps around the whole construction with 12cm in elevations, floors and ceilings.

HERMETIC AND WATERTIGHT WHILE BREATHABLE: The construction system used outfits the house with a highly insulating skin. These types of systems require a strong seal at every joint and opening, creating in such a way a properly watertight and continuous layer. This will prevent any air escape or thermal bridge and will reduce energy waste. Around the whole house exterior, the breathable layer in place allows steam to travel outside but not inside, preventing condensation and humidity.

LOW THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE WINDOW FRAMES: Tall exterior openings are executed with high quality framing with thermal bridge breaking technology and double-glazing with low emission layers. The glazing used is of low thermal transmittance (U=1.5W/mK), greater protection than the CTE regulations. In addition, they are placed on top of thermal insulation, breaking any possible thermal bridge between the exterior and the interior.

A FLEXIBLE PLACE Access to the house is on its eastern side, where an entry platform is placed under a covered porch. The interior main space is a living room with access to a bathroom in the northwest corner. The studio space is at the back, visually separated by a chimney whereas still open and connected. The studio has a covered terrace oriented south. The general distribution allows for changes over time, allowing for the eventual closing off of the studio space to create a separate room. The built-in closets can potentially be transformed into a kitchenette, changing the use of the current studio into a little cottage. For more information, visit www.dom-arquitectura.com.

PROJECT: Wood Studio House â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Sant Cugat (Spain) 2015 ARCHITECTURAL FIRM: Dom Arquitectura ARCHITECT: Pablo Serrano Elorduy INTERIOR DESIGNER: Blanca Elorduy COLLABORATORS: Sebastia (Fustes) AREA: 76m2 IMAGES: Jordi Anguera (www.jordiangueraphoto.com)

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

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RECLAIMED WOOD FURNITURE

The timeless, handcrafted All Nighter Wooden Chandelier.

Reclaimed wood staking a claim at Milkshed When Timber iQ came across the Milkshed website, we knew we had to learn more about the workings behind this creative ensemble. Because ordinary, they are not - starting with their view on wood.

ilkshed is a unique outfit with a refreshing approach. That much is clear just from their charming website – from the well told account of the inspiration behind the Milkshed values (a lovely read), to their use of delightful phrasing (when last have you seen the word hippie?) and quirky graphics. But while their narrative might be lighthearted, what they stand for, their handcrafted products, and what they give back to the community, is quite significant.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

Blaire Rieger, one of Milkshed’s three co-founders, shares a little more about what drives the team.

WHY RECLAIMED TIMBER “Our choice to use reclaimed wood is all about respecting and honouring nature through a zero waste policy. We use Oregon, Yellow Wood and Meranti from local buildings that have been demolished. We aim to save the soul of the timber and give it new life,” she explains.

RECLAIMED WOOD FURNITURE

MILKSHED IN A NUTSHELL... “We care about the integrity of wood. And we care about social change. We lovingly create handcrafted products using reclaimed wood. We sell them online. And then we use that money to do Something Good.” Milkshed is a registered Non-Profit Organization. Visit: www.milkshed.co.za

The perfect overseer of creativity – the Editor Wooden Anglepoise Lamp. But the organization’s green principles don’t end there: “We are blessed with a large wood store to house the precious salvaged timber. Timber is prepped and cleaned by hand. The scraps and sawdust from manufacturing are recycled into our community vermipost project called ‘Lush Harvest’ and sold as compost to feed back into nature and, in doing so, complete the cycle.”

INSPIRED DESIGN All (yes, all) profits from Milkshed sales are applied to meaningful community programmes and projects to benefit those less fortunate in practical ways. But that is only one reason why Milkshed’s handcrafted furniture products are ‘must-buys.’ The purity of design and quality of manufacture that underpins every individual piece is surely a big reason for their popularity. Timber iQ asked Rieger to elaborate on what inspires the creation of these pieces.

The marvellous hand-turned Inye Wooden Pendant Light. Made to be marvelled at.

“When it comes to the inspiration behind our products, we have a general design philosophy: All our designs are retro-inspired and designed in such a way that they showcase the beautiful grain of the timber. Furthermore, the products are designed to make use of the timber efficiently so that there is minimal waste, and also have an element of interaction and functionality (multi-use/adaptable). Lastly, we design our products so that they are flat packable; this is for transportation purposes in order to lower the courier cost and environmental impact.”

// DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016

RECLAIMED WOOD FURNITURE

KEEPING CRAFTSMANSHIP ALIVE As for the actual making of their furniture and other articles (like chopping boards and tricycles), Rieger freely states that they don’t have or use any ‘fancy’ equipment. Instead, “When it comes to the tools we use in the workshop, everything is turned by hand using an entry line lathe. Our focus is on skills development and keeping the art of the craftsman alive.” Based on testimonials, this suits their customers just fine. For more information, visit www.milkshed.co.za or email Blaire Rieger or Cindy Taylor at hello@milkshed.co.za.

DECEMBER 2015 / JANUARY 2016 //

WOMEN IN FORESTRY

Empower women for sustainable forestry in Africa "Women often have highly specialized knowledge of trees and forests in terms of their species diversity, management and uses for various purposes, and conservation practices."

ounder and director of the Cameroon-based NGO African Women's Network for Community Management of Forests (REFACOF), Cécile Ndjebet, states that millions of African women work in forestry, but many lack the rights of land tenure afforded to their male counterparts. The global forestry sector could play a powerful role in empowering rural women through land tenure. "Women have a vital role, but their positions are often precarious. Women are frequently disadvantaged in a range of interrelated cultural, socio-economic and institutional ways, in their access to and control over forest resources, and in the availability of economic opportunities,” says Ndjebet. She continues, stating that there is a need for collective action and commitment from all stakeholders to promote community rights and improved livelihood of local people, including women. She proposes that the certification of forest products be used as a powerful tool for delivering that action for forest smallholders so that they can grow a sustainable business and build livelihoods and dignity. Ndjebet adds, "Women often have highly specialized knowledge of trees and forests in terms of their species diversity, management and uses for various purposes, and conservation practices. Compared with men, women's knowledge tends to be linked more directly to household food consumption and health, which is particularly important during food crises.”

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WHEN YOU EMPOWER A WOMAN, YOU BENEFIT A COMMUNITY "Empowering women in the forest sector can create significant development opportunities for them and generate important knock-on benefits for their households and communities," she adds, explaining that a primary component of this action is to dedicate funding mechanisms for forest smallholders to make certification effective and to ensure secured land tenure for women. In emerging nations, women's rights are often not directly linked with property rights and customary rights. There is a need to build the business case for women's inclusion, to invest in education and leadership training for women at all levels, and to raise awareness among both men and women of women's exclusion and of the benefits of women's inclusion, Ndjebet contends. Kim Carstensen, executive director of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), concurs: "Collective action on land tenure for women will not only improve the economic and ecological sustainability of forestry, but promote the ethos of Forests For All, Forever rather than exploiting a finite resource to the point of exhausting it.” Carstensen adds that the FSC is developing a gender strategy to bring this crucial topic forcefully into the global forestry debates.

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