Timber iQ February / March 2014 | Issue: 12 by Trademax Publications

ISSN 2305-9648

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS 20

ED'S NOTE

CONTRIBUTORS

ARCHITECTURE - ALBIZIA HOUSE

INDUSTRY INSIGHT - WOOD FOR THE TREES

COVER STORY - ALLWOOD TECHNOLOGY

DECKING - CHOOSING A DECK BUILDER

INTERIOR DESIGN - BOXING CLEVER

INDUSTRY INSIGHT - TIMBER HOMES IN SA

NEWS - 4TH WOOD CONFERENCE

NEWS - TANAPOLETM RANCH FENCING

INDUSTRY INSIGHT - TREATED TIMBER IN SA

INDUSTRY INSIGHT - REALISING VALUE

COMPANY PROFILE - TIMBACORE

MACHINERY - TAKE CARE

CSR - LONZA'S JUNGLE GYM COMPETITION

54 // FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014

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ED'S NOTE

Sustained In a global economy that's hell-bent on selling its wares as 'green' or 'sustainable', we can no longer talk about or engage with the food we eat, the cars we drive or the homes we build and inhabit without these buzzwords fogging up our vision for a legitimately sustainable future.

lthough sustainability in the real sense of the word, and therefore farming, manufacturing, and building for a sustainable future, is absolutely necessary, we are bombarded with and possibly desensitised by messaging about sustainable products and processes on a daily basis. Through all the frenetic ‘me-too’ or bandwagon marketing, we might just be losing the gravity of the situation. My mother says you know you’ve watched a good movie when you wake up the next morning thinking about it. I attended the HWZ International 4th Wood Conference a week ago, and I still wake up each morning thinking about some of what was shared there. I was not only enlightened and informed, but sobered by the serious situation in which our forestry sector currently finds itself. Following a global perspective on forestry and climate change by Cape Town Engineer-Architect, Vernon Collis, the CEO of Rustic Homes, Pieter Silberbauer, drew on the history of forestry in South Africa to set the scene for the very different set of circumstances facing us today. While we enjoy building with timber, and can say that doing so is a potentially sustainable activity, Silberbauer raised the chilling point that if our leaders continue to do nothing about the state of our commercial forests, building with timber in South Africa will simply not be

sustainable in future – not in 100 years, not even in 50 years, but in the fast-approaching short term. When will this sink in? Perhaps for the industry it already has. But for those governing the industry, it may only become a tangible reality when it is felt in currency, and probably at a time when reactionary measures to mitigate the situation might be too little and too late. This needn’t be the case, though, if, according to the logic of Edmund Burke, the good among us do something, find the right people to talk to, and don’t let up. Read more about these talks in the pages to follow and stay tuned for updates in future issues of Timber iQ, as well as via our digital and social media platforms. In other news, we are getting ready for another successful WoodEX for Africa in June this year. Our April/May 2014 issue is specially earmarked for the 2014 event, and were are excited to announce that Stephan Jooste, Director of WoodEX for Africa, has accepted our invitation to contribute to this issue as guest editor. In addition to being a first-time exercise in sharing the editor’s seat, this gesture signifies our commitment to our unified objectives in the industry. Enjoy! Jen

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CONTRIBUTORS

CONTRIBUTORS BRUCE BREEDT Bruce is the Executive Director of SAWPA (The South African Wood Preservers Association), an industry body that promotes wood preservation and the use of preservative treated timber. During his time at the SABS, Bruce represented South Africa on various ISO technical committees and is still involved with all the SABS technical committees related to timber products and currently holds the position of chairman for SABS TC 218 – Timber Preservation.

THE TEAM EDITOR: Jennifer Rees 0861 727 663 076 119 8819 editor@trademax.co.za

PUBLISHER: Billy Perrin billy@trademax.co.za 0861 727 663

VERNON COLLIS

ADVERTISING:

Vernon Collis is an Engineer-Architect who leads a multidisciplinary research and design consultancy, specialising in integrated and sustainable design systems for the built environment.

Angeline Martin angie@trademax.co.za 0861 727 663

Vernon is an Honorary Academic at the University of Cape Town, supervising post-graduate research in sustainability, and a Fellow of the South African Academy of Engineers.

Craig Patterson craig@trademax.co.za

LAYOUT & DESIGN:

SUBSCRIPTIONS & DATA:

DANIEL CONRADIE Daniel is a Candidate Senior Architectural Technologist and freelance writer based in Cape Town. He is passionate about the design process and how the technology and materials employed are composed to express it. Jason Bakery lattés, sci-fi novels and Cape Town summers assist him in retaining his sanity and fervour.

JACQUES CRONJE Jacques is a registered Professional Senior Architectural Technologist (Pr.S.Arch.T). While his architectural training is informal, having learnt by on-the-job experience, mentorship and self-study, he has degrees in building management and economics, a post-grad certificate in energy economics and has done several courses in energy efficiency and sustainable development.

JAYCE LANE Jayce Lane has been a partner and director at Crickmay, a specialist supply chain improvement company, since 2001. Having studied a BSc Forestry degree augmented with 10 years’ experience in benchmarking, optimising and monitoring bulk supply chains in timber-, sugar- and coalrelated projects, he offers some unique insights into forestry and sawmilling operations.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

Celeste Perrin celeste@trademax.co.za 0861 727 663

TRADEMAX PUBLICATIONS Tel: 0861 727 663 Cell: 082 266 6976 Fax: 0866 991 346 www.trademax.co.za Postnet Suite 241 Private Bag X103 N1 City 7463

DISCLAIMER The views expressed herein are not necessarily those of Trademax Publications. Although we have done our best to ensure the accuracy of our content, neither Trademax Publications nor Timber iQ magazine will be held liable for any views expressed or information disseminated in this issue.

CONTRIBUTORS

CONTRIBUTORS PIETER SILBERBAUER Pieter completed a BSc in Wood Science at Stellenbosch University in 1980 and went to Australia in 1981, spending two years working in sawmills, where he had his first glimpse of the timber home construction he was determined to introduce back home. In 1984 he joined Elgin Timbers, where he began his career, after which he decided to do things on his own. In 1986 Rustic Homes was born and was successful in capturing the imagination of the South African housing market. After management and ownership changes between 1993 and 1995, the company was re-launched as Rustic homes (Pty) Ltd. and thrives to this day, with a mandate to build exclusive timber homes.

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ARCHITECTURE

Albizia House Situated in the Simbithi Eco-Estate in Ballito, a holiday town close to Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, Albizia House, by Metropole Architects occupies an expansive and naturally luscious site. Words: Daniel Conradie Photographs: Grant Pitcher

ARCHITECTURE

ts crisp and gallant geometry is formalised through the amalgamation of stone, steel, glass, timber and water and converges to render an architectural work that is daringly juxtaposed with its organic context.

"The clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brief called for a home with an overriding sense of simplicity, but with a high degree of sophistication," says Nigel Tarboton from Metropole Architects. Its exterior has a sense of frivolity to it, yet the building's overall layout is surprisingly simple. Tarboton explains that the formal expression of the dwelling was markedly inspired by Googie architecture, a style which rose to prominence during the late 1940s as a response to the possibilities envisioned by the dawn of the atomic age and space travel. Classic characteristics of the style were adopted (for example, an upswept roof, as well as the application of a bold material palette) and feature prominently within the design. The architects did not, however, set out to create an exact rendition of the style. When a building is envisioned for a steeply sloping site, a practical approach to this condition is to orient the building's mass perpendicularly to the natural slope of the property, especially where height restrictions are imposed in the estate development's attempts to keep new buildings as visually unobtrusive as possible.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

ARCHITECTURE

In order to accommodate a double-storey structure, the architects were required to excavate and lower the entire building volume in order to gain additional height. This particular strategy ensures a more uniform floor plate (compared to a building that is composed of a series of stepping platforms), it simplifies the structural detailing and subsequently translates into construction cost savings. It does, however, necessitate excavating tremendous amounts of soil and constructing retaining walls in order to achieve a level surface. In conversation with this gesture, an imposing horizontal spine was introduced and rendered beautifully in natural stone. Approaching the site, this stone-clad retaining wall leads the viewer in the direction of the entrance. As the cobbled driveway slopes downward, the presence of this stone wall becomes ever-more apparent and its significance in the scheme defined. Perched lightly onto this stone spine, two slanted metal- and timber-clad boxes playfully suggest the diagonal geometry of the house, while also revealing the original slope of the site. The material contrasts are beautifully articulated and the symmetry suggested by the similar steel volumes on either side of the main entrance makes it all the more striking.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

ARCHITECTURE

The architects employed this parameter as the primary device for determining and ordering the organisation of the functional spaces. Upon entering the dwelling, the living spaces are arranged in a linear fashion, a layering of horizontal elements. In contrast, strong diagonal and vertical lines are introduced in section as a means of unifying and balancing the composition. Considering an ideal building plan layout for a house in a tropical climate context, the formal representation selected is ideal: natural breezes can easily pass through the entirety of the dwelling and cool them down. An abundance of sliding and stacking glass doors promote the cross-ventilation of air, as well as opening the house out onto the expansive timber deck. Where the front of the house appears more static and grounded, the rear is dynamically poised and appears ready to take flight. Expansive roof overhangs ensure the interiors remain cool during the summer months. On this elevation, the horizontal line trumps the composition, lending a relaxed and calm character to its composition. Timber is used extensively on the ground floor with beautiful timber veneer ceilings, joinery, as well as wall cladding, lending a very masculine energy to the spaces. In combination with honed natural stone, metal and the use of various natural fabrics, the overriding ambience is a very welcoming one. Set against the brilliantly white ceiling bulkheads, the timber provides an attractive material contrast and makes the rooms appear more intimate.

Upstairs, the materials employed are repeated, yet the atmosphere is distinctly more relaxed. Large glazed curtain walls visually connect the surrounding verdant landscape with the more intimate habitable spaces. A lovely timber-clad staircase connects the two storeys and the bedrooms and bathrooms are laid out in a similar linear fashion, a single corridor connecting them all.

PROJECT DETAILS: ARCHITECTS: Metropole Architects DESIGN ARCHITECT: Nigel Tarboton PROJECT ARCHITECT: Tyrone Reardon PROJECT TECHNICIAN: Chris Laird STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS: Young & Satharia DESIGN ENGINEER: Rob Young STRUCTURAL TECHNICIAN: Terry Schubach INTERIOR DESIGNERS: Union 3 Clifton Smithers MAIN CONTRACTOR: East Coast Construction PRINCIPAL: Justin Rosewarne PROJECT MANAGER: Benno Terblanche SITE FOREMAN: Tony Moodley PHOTOGRAPHER: Grant Pitcher SITE AREA: 4 360m2 BUILDING AREA: 1 000m2 BUILDING COST: 15 million (ZAR) COMPLETION: September 2013

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INDUSTRY INSIGHT

Photo by Neville10.

Seeing the wood for the trees A critique in the context of climate change and resource depletion Words: Vernon Collis, Architect-Engineer, Collis & Associates

e exist as a species because of trees. We have built complex economies and societies because of trees and without trees we would soon become extinct. The huge, ancient carboniferous forests that grew 300 million years ago extracted sufficient carbon from atmosphere to allow a milder environment, which led to the evolution of our species. Their death and enfoldment into the earth created the fossil fuels upon which we now rely for energy. The variation in atmospheric carbon over millennia is in lockstep with the changes in plant biomass, the most recent being the deforestation of the tropical and temperate forests over the last 150 years.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

We need to think long and hard about our relationship with these extraordinary creatures – where and when we cut them down, where we plant them and how we use them. The construction industry is in a position to be a leading force in their – and our – future, but we need to think globally and resourcefully. This article argues that, because forests and timber have a significant part to play in climate change, a sustainably managed forestry industry could be a major protagonist in sustaining our environment. For this reason, an understanding of the life cycle process of timber from forestry and harvesting to milling and construction is critical in order to make informed decisions with implications far beyond forestry and the construction industry.

INDUSTRY INSIGHT

WHY IS TIMBER SO IMPORTANT? Trees naturally convert carbon dioxide into a light, strong and versatile building material. Trees sustain life, cool the environment, are renewable and require very little maintenance. The entire tree can be utilized, from sawn timber to chips and biomass for energy. Unlike conventional building materials, timber locks in carbon and is an obvious building material choice for the future. Building with renewable timber is therefore an effective way for the construction industry to play a positive part in the reduction of atmospheric carbon, resource depletion and environmental degradation. Generating a culture of timber building from sustainable plantations – and thereby stimulating demand – would encourage a reversal of the impact of deforestation by sequestering CO2. Timber competes with steel, concrete, aluminum and brickwork for the various elements of any building, from single- to multi-storey construction and from doors and windows to trusses. Its competitors, however, are all nonrenewable and produce significant amounts of carbon to mine, process, smelt and manufacture. Compared to natural forests, however, plantations presently are poorly perceived, as they sometimes comprise exotics, are mono-crops and sustain little biodiversity beneath their boughs. But they are simply a plant crop, like all others, and far kinder to the earth. Compared to, say, wheat, vines or sugar cane, they are much more efficient in terms of water utilization and require little or no pesticides or fertilization. Using little more than carbon as food, trees effectively store CO2 and the sun’s heat energy for later use, either as a structural element or as firewood. If we are to use timber, what trees should be used? Temperate forests, the largest on the planet, are slowgrowing and generally have low biodiversity. Tropical forests are fast-growing and sustain a very high and productive biodiversity. Their deforestation is mainly due to slash and burn to make way for crops like palm oil and to logging for the timber industry. Deforestation presently contributes a staggering 17.5% to total greenhouse gas emissions, global energy being 26% percent by comparison. Stopping deforestation would be our easiest and cheapest means to affect a quick and significant reduction in atmospheric carbon and to protect biodiversity. Harvesting from well-managed plantations thus makes more sense. South Africa produces about 9 tons of carbon per person a year (China is 7.1 and India 1.6) mainly because of our reliance on coal power. Our timber industry is well-placed in the global context, but there are questions that need to be answered. Could South Africa supply the volumes and quality of sawn timber if the demand was there? More importantly, why is there a lack of demand and what could

we do to improve this? Indeed, how reliable are South African timbers in terms of strength, durability and consistency? And what other choices are available if not? How do we make these choices? Compared to other developing countries, South Africa has (and had) almost no natural forests and even less fastgrowing, appropriate structural timber. It had no choice but to develop a world-class forestry industry using exotics. Because of this, the country developed global leadership in forest entomology and forestry science. The exotics, SA pine and gum, were central to this process, but there are misconceptions and misunderstanding about the performance of these species, added to by a belief that ‘imported materials’ are superior.

An understanding of the life cycle process of timber from forestry and harvesting to milling and construction is critical in order to make informed decisions with implications far beyond forestry and the construction industry. As a result, South Africa is a concrete, steel and brickbuilding culture. But the environmental costs are mounting. Globally there’s a 15-year window to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions to 350 parts per million. A shift to well-managed timber plantations supplying locked-in carbon to the construction industry, replacing high carbonproducing cement, steel, aluminium and brick ceramics, could make a significant contribution to meeting this target. The challenge remains to change the construction industry’s perceptions and culture in order to create a demand for the material, as presently exists on the US east coast, the Baltic States, EU, Canada and New Zealand. This shift would require: • A more organized timber industry in terms of marketing, supply, quality and grading, • Engaging designers who understand and want to learn about and specify timber, • The exploration and use of timber in tertiary education, and • A serious effort by the South African government to include these strategies in our Kyoto commitment.

For more information, visit www.collisassociates.net or email contact@collisassociates.net.

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COVER STORY

Allwood Technology has an added edge Allwood Technology, a specialist supplier of woodworking machinery, and a family business, offers the advantage of generations of experience and knowledge passed on from grandfather to son to grandson to the timber machinery trade. BACKED BY WELL-KNOWN BRANDS, THEY ARE ABLE TO OFFER: • New machine sales • Second-hand and reconditioned machine sales • A wide range of equipment and parts • Excellent service • Exemplary training • Constructive advice and technical services • Upgrades/trade-ins • Delivery and installation services • Factory set-up, etc.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

Pronto Edge Bander.

COVER STORY

Owner, Scott Myles, says, “Allwood Technology is dedicated to sales and fast, efficient service, keeping machines working at their full potential, and to provide the best possible solution as cost-effectively as possible, to build on long-term relationships without compromise!”

ALLWOOD HAVE AN IMPRESSIVE LINE UP OF NEW MACHINES THIS YEAR: Their Edge Bander range deserves a mention, starting at as little as R30 000 and up, specially designed to fill the requirements of micro, small, medium, large and very large users, with various options such as top and bottom/ front and back trimming, buffing and scraping, contour, corner rounding and pre-milling, with a variety of extras such as up to 20m/min edging.

ALLWOOD TECHNOLOGY'S PRONTO EDGE BANDER IN DETAIL: Allwood Technology’s Pronto Edge Bander, a very fast edger, can apply edging of up to 3mm thick and can process 20m of board each minute. The machine’s two saw motors for front and back trimming allow for the speed. It also features a downwards pressure bar with small rollers and bearings, which are ideal for holding and applying pressure to small pieces of board 50mm wide, with fast, efficient change-overs. Furthermore, top and bottom radius cutters, scrapers and buffers and digital readout ensure clean, smooth and polished edging. Comes standard with a touch screen control.

Touch screen control. // FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014

COVER STORY

ALLWOOD TECHNOLOGY'S CORNER ROUNDING EDGE BANDER IN DETAIL: Allwood Technology’s Corner Rounding Edge Bander is a high quality, well-built machine. It has two saw motors instead of one – one dedicated to the front corner and one to the back. Its simple design makes for easy adjustments and fewer moving parts make for better reliability. This machine comes with a touch screen control that helps eliminate dust problems, and three-speed adjustments, and can process up to 20m of board per minute.

ALLWOOD TECHNOLOGY'S MACHINE RANGE: Allwood Technology’s machine range includes a large variety of machines for panel and solid wood processing, including thicknessers, panel saws, spindle moulders and over head routers. Multiborers, cross cut saws, radial arm saws, planers, beam saws and much more.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

COVER STORY

ALLWOOD TECHNOLOGY'S SECOND-HAND MACHINES:

Please contact Allwood Technology on 011 392 1221 for more information about second-hand and reconditioned machines.

Wow your clients with 3D colour renderings. • Drawing Capabilities • 3D Rendering • Cutlists and Reports • Pricing and Quoting • Full Part Control • Exploded Assembly Views • Output Nested Patterns Sketch 5638/13

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BRACKEN TIMBERS Ethical wood suppliers High level of service Timber merchants with a difference Customised joinery to speciďŹ cation Board cutting & edging Solid timber Board products

Growers and Sawmillers of Quality Pine Timber TEL: 074 136 6666 FAX: 033-4131355 / 086 602 6795 CELL: 076 413 5900 E-MAIL: milladmin@brackentimbers.co.za

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Main Dundee Road, Greytown, 3250 P O Box 141, Greytown, 3250

CALL 0861 727 663 TO BOOK YOUR CLASSIFIED ADVERT

What you need to know when buying and using Preservative Treated Timber

How to plant a pole

Poles intended for planting in the ground must be purchased at required lengths. Never plant a cross-cut end of a treated pole or post into the ground as this will expose the untreated heartwood to fungal and termite attack resulting in premature failure.

South African Wood Preservers Association Promoting timber treatment and treated timber products Tel: 011 974 1061 or E-mail: sawpa@global.co.za Website: www.sawpa.org.za

TIMBER IS PRESSURE TREATED WITH PRESERVATIVES TO PREVENT FUNGAL DECAY (ROT) AND INSECT ATTACK (WOOD-BORER & TERMITES)

PRESERVATIVE CHEMICALS USED INCLUDE:

CCA or WCuAz

Creosote

Borate

TBTN-P

IN SOUTH AFRICA TREATED TIMBER IS BY LAW REQUIRED TO COMPLY WITH NATIONAL AND COMPULSORY SPECIFICATIONS AND MUST BEAR MARKING CONTAINING THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION

SAWN TIMBER (Ink stamp)

POLES (Metal marker)

H3 H2

ABCTT

457 H4 10

457 H5 10

CHOOSE THE CORRECT HAZARD (H) CLASS

H2 - Low Hazard: Inside above ground,

protected from wetting and leaching (roof trusses, framing, panelling, laminated beams, flooring, etc).

H3 -

Moderate Hazard: Outside above

ground, subject to periodic wetting

and leaching (cladding, decking, stairs, balustrades, log homes, etc).

H4 -

High Hazard: Outside in ground,

subject to periodic wetting and leaching (fencing and structural posts, landscaping, stakes, pergolas, etc).

H5 -

High Hazard: Outside in contact with

heavy wet soil or in fresh water (piling. substructure for walkways & jetties, vine-yards etc.)

H6 - High Hazard: Prolonged immersion in sea water (Marine piling, jetty cross-

bracing, landing steps, retaining walls etc.)

DECKING

Choosing a deck builder The quotation checklist By Richard Bentley of Professional Deck & Floor Design

hen your builder provides you with a written quotation for your decking project, there are a number of items you must check and clarify. The answers to your questions will qualify what quality of workmanship you can expect from the builder.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

MATERIALS You need to know what materials are being used and supplied on the quotation. A quotation that reads, “to supply materials, design and build deck as per attached plan = R xxxxx” leaves you with no idea if/with what you are being supplied.

DECKING FASTENING DECK BOARDS

TYPES OF DECKING MATERIAL

THERE ARE THREE DIFFERENT METHODS WITH WHICH TO SECURE YOUR DECKING BOARDS TO THE SUPPORTS:

THREE BASIC TYPES OF DECKING MATERIAL ARE USED IN SOUTH AFRICA:

• Screws • Nails • Clips

THE FINAL CHOICE SHOULD BE MADE BY YOU AND NOT THE BUILDER, IF YOU HAVE INFORMED YOURSELF OF THE PROS AND CONS OF EACH SYSTEM: SCREWS These are mostly used because they make the job of replacing the board easier. If you need the deck to be dismantled and rebuilt, screws make the job easier and cheaper. Screws must all be aligned and not applied haphazardly. There should be two screws on each joist for firm fixing and screw holes can be plugged as an option. Ask your builder whether they will be plugged with wood plugs or wood filler, which will fall out in time.

NAILS Nails are popular, because they can be inserted using power tools. But they do come loose. This should not be considered as an option.

DECKING CLIPS Very popular, because they are hidden and there are no visible screw or nail heads on the finished deck. There is a perception that clips are easier to install and you can easily remove and replace a damaged board that is secured by the clips. Depending on the clip style, if it is in the centre of the deck, the builder has to remove all the boards from one edge right up to the damaged board. This makes maintenance costly. These are often used incorrectly as joining pieces or too few are used, in particular at board ends. If the deckboards are subject to climate extremes, they often break out the bottom of the retaining groove and the deck boards spring or bow. Gapping is often problematic, due to board movement and some clips produce a too-big gap, which can be destructive for high heels. Some clips work well on softwoods, but when used on hardwoods can split the deckboard or damage it in other ways. Other clips work very well with composite material, but are useless when fitted to wood. Clips are not the answer to all deck installations, as they are made out to be, unless used correctly.

• Hardwood • Softwood • Composite

• Each type has advantages and disadvantages. Also, they are used for different styles of decking. The type of material you choose to use on your project can depend on the site of your deck and the main purpose of the deck. Make sure you discuss this with your deck builder and if composite material is to be your choice, go and look at some of the decks that he has built – composite deck boards are not installed in the same way as wood, due to different thermal expansions of the product. Softwoods are primarily SA Pine in South Africa. When Pine is used externally it must be treated, traditionally with a CCA treatment, although there are other systems that are becoming popular, as they are more environmentally friendly and do not always discolour the wood as CCA does. Softwoods are generally low density material and will require a great deal of maintenance. Hardwoods come in a wide range of species with various material properties. This is a complex subject, but in general, the more expensive a deckboard is, the denser it will be and the less maintenance it will require. As a rule of thumb for your peace of mind, buy the most expensive deckboard you can realistically afford, as the labour and substructure costs essentially remain the same, whatever you put on top.

DECKING BOARDS There is a wide range of colours and finishes available for decking boards. Make sure the one you want is on the quotation provided. There can be a great difference in cost. If the builder under-estimates the number of boards required for your deck, he will source some boards and they may be different to the ones he has already used to build your deck. You also need to choose whether you would like reeded (grooved) or plain boards. Some builders recommend having the grooved boards as they prevent slipping, in particular on steps or around swimming pools. Grooves can fill up with water and debris making it very slippery and dangerous. They also require about 30% more oil when sealing, so they do increase the maintenance costs. If screwed down, it is not possible to plug the screw holes neatly with wood and if a filler is used, it will look terrible. Plain boards are attractive and are easier to maintain in most weather conditions.

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DECKING DECK SUPPORTS If your site is a difficult one with a steep slope, sandy or soft soil, the builder may charge for extras. On soft soil, the footings have to be deep in the soil, or the weight of the deck can cause dangerous subsidence particularly after heavy rains. On sandy areas, simple vibrations can cause supports to sink. Very few deck builders take any cognizance of soil conditions when building decks and this can be catastrophic to the client. If your land slopes steeply, the upright posts and supports not only require deep footings, but will need bracing to prevent the decking from sliding down. Check your quotation. If the deck is high, cross-bracing will be required to keep the structure stable. Any abnormal site should have a qualified engineer check the design of the structure before any work starts or money changes hands.

AIR-FLOW

SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING: SUB-FRAME MATERIAL QUALITY Different grades of timber are available for substructures. If SA Pine is to be used, as is used most commonly, only SABS graded structural pine that has been CCA treated to an H3 specification (external use, no ground contact) or greater should be used. Most builder merchants inland sell H2 treated timber, which is not suited and H3 should always be specified.

JOIST SIZE AND SPACING Whilst a rule of thumb gives joist spacing for a 20mm wood deck board at +/- 400-450mm, the size and support spacing for these joists must be designed correctly. If your deck shakes, wobbles or moves in any way when you walk on it, the substructure is underspecified. Composite boards need to be installed with joists much closer, and, depending on the application, can need to be as close as 300mm.

A deck does need air-flow underneath it in order to ensure that the structure dries as quickly as possible from rain or other water sources, such as swimming pool splashes, etc. The average client will not know whether the design of the structure is correct, so it is critical that expert opinion be found if you have any concerns at all. An incorrect design can be very expensive in the long term, as premature failure will be the most likely outcome.

EDGE/SIDES When viewed from the side, decks are not very attractive, so it is always important to think about how the sides are to be closed off. It is also important to ensure that small animals cannot go underneath, as they often use these areas for their own needs. Using deck boards can be almost as expensive as the deck itself, but other alternatives for screening can be more costeffective.

GROUND CONTACT No part of the substructure should be in direct contact with the ground or vertical wall contact in order to ensure that the structural members do not retain moisture – proper supports that are designed for the application in question, whether poles, brick columns, manufactured pedestals or similar, should be used.

DRAINAGE It is important that full drainage occurs underneath the deck and that the substructure does not interfere with the flow of water in any manner

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

REFERENCES: Richard Bentley Consulting – Operating Standards 2011 TRADA – Timber Decking, the Professionals' Manual 2006 Andrew Hunt – What your deck builder doesn’t want you to know

The ultimate in deck protection.

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INTERIOR DESIGN

Boxing clever Clean local design that improves workplace communication and proves that offices can work hard while looking good.

hen Inhouse Brand Architects was approached to create the new Cape Town offices of top local advertising agency, 99c, its interior design team used the opportunity to produce an extraordinary, yet more efficient work environment that sounds the death knell of the conventional office. Inhouse approached the design process with several key goals, the first being to enhance the already-spectacular site. The 3 000m2 premises occupy the top three levels of the Atlantic Centre, a new office development on Cape Town’s eastern foreshore. There is a magnificent doublevolume interior partly broken by a mezzanine level, and one floor below. Fantastic views wrap around the building, taking in the harbour and Devil’s Peak. Being as yet unoccupied, it was an empty shell to start with. Inhouse’s second goal was to create a fully functioning environment to suit the client’s daily business needs, and the third was to reflect the creative nature of the agency and its employees.

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Before starting any design work, an extensive study into the company’s daily activities was undertaken. The Inhouse team, steered by Inhouse Creative Director, Aidan Hart, and team leader and senior designer, Moiisha Visagie, looked at the employees’ possible needs from the perspective of activity-based work principles and was then able to provide 99c with an understanding of what the most effective space-planning layout would be. Inhouse allowed for all types of interaction and both ‘highfocus’ and ‘high-communication’ zones. High-focus zones were defined as individual desks where interaction with others would be minimized. High-communication zones were defined as spaces that would encourage and allow for teamwork, interaction and collaboration. In a more traditional office environment, a meeting room or cafeteria would constitute a high-communication zone. Here, however, the need to meet less formally is catered for by various, so-called ‘campsites,’ which are collaborative, shared spaces.

INTERIOR DESIGN

According to Hart, “the latest office design thinking contends that collaboration happens at the water-cooler and does not necessarily need to tie up an office space or a meeting room that has been earmarked for client use, and often stands empty for most of the day.” Hence, making optimal use of the available area and encouraging collaboration and connectivity were crucial to Inhouse’s scheme – particularly, because the office is split over three separate levels.

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According to Hart, stimulating connectivity is paramount, because one of the problems with corporate office space is level-by-level stagnation, where departments are divided into operational silos that foster an ‘us and them’ mentality. “We feel as a design company that part of our strength lies in enhancing cross-floor communications and hopefully improving interpersonal connectivity. In this instance, the client was progressive, and wanted to use the opportunity presented to improve the work environment,” says Hart.

According to 99c Managing Director, Andrew Brand, it was â&#x20AC;&#x153;important that our new office space not only expresses our creativity, but also encourages and enhances it. As an agency, 99c creates the positive change that our clients require to achieve brand success, and we also embrace this ethos ourselves in our daily lives and work environment.â&#x20AC;? To achieve greater connectivity for the 99c team, Inhouse cut a hole in the existing concrete slab between the 8th and 9th floors (where the mezzanine level is located) and inserted a new stairwell. The boardroom was intentionally placed on the 8th floor, away from the 9th floor reception and lounge areas in order to force movement between the floors. The existing staircase between the 9th floor and the mezzanine level was also removed and a new stadium structure was installed. The structure houses (and cleverly hides) the kitchen that services the cafĂŠ and bar area below. The stadium steps double as a staircase leading to and from the mezzanine, as well as unassigned seating, providing an arena that is a gathering spot for the entire company. A large motorized projection screen, that is discretely hidden when not in use, turns the arena into a big-screen cinema to review work, or watch advertisements and films.

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INTERIOR DESIGN

The stadium seating is constructed entirely out of wood with some metal support frames. High traffic areas, such as the seating and steps were sealed using a water-based sealer with a matt appearance to retain as much of the rawness of the wood as possible. The ‘untreated’ look is intentional, as it contributes to the overall industrial-style effect, which suits the space. The volume of the space has warehouse-like generosity in terms of height and thus lends itself to the use of raw, industrial materials, such as wood. A series of semi-private pods and high-energy meeting spaces was created throughout the space to allow employees to interact freely without tying up ‘valuable’ or already booked ‘real estate,’ like boardrooms. These areas reveal a select palette that incorporates the corporate colours. Burnt orange, blue, black and lime yellow are used to brighten detailing and feature walls. Colourful elements include oversized dome pendants that illuminate the generous space. Taking advantage of this double-volume span, Inhouse installed six large trees around which café tables were structurally laid out. This indoor, landscaped garden was positioned on decking and raised slightly to demarcate a communal, informal zone.

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In addition to the trees, numerous living walls were placed throughout the space to link it to the natural environment. The green factor enhances the interior for the user and softens the office environment. The wooden deck was added in the recreational area to create a special designation area, a space within a space that would mark the zone as a place of relaxation, and not work. Because wooden decking is usually used for outdoor areas, this space is a reminder of the natural environment, a sense that is enhanced by the mature trees placed in planters on the deck. Honest and sustainable materials, such as pine and plywood were used extensively throughout. Texturedlooking Oriented Strand Board (OSB), which has a patterned yet smooth finish, was used extensively for tactile impact and warmth. Moreover, it achieves a stylish effect for a modest cost. The different types of wood are all South African Pinebased and/or straight SA Pine. The OSB was used to give a contemporary feeling and to provide a textural contrast with the pine ply wood that breaks the monotony of a using a single type of timber.

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In keeping with the theme of sustainability and respect for the natural environment that runs throughout – and also as a nod to the creative nature of the agency’s skills – a recycled shipping container has been innovatively converted into an up-to-the-minute waiting room. Its ‘out the box’ thinking ironically demonstrated in a box. The container also echoes 99c’s purpose – to produce creative solutions that are shipped around the globe, just as the container, in its original form, is a quintessential method of moving goods around the planet. With the office’s panoramic views of container ships in the harbour, the waiting room serves a subtle reminder to 99c employees of the importance of client service and delivery. In turn, what Inhouse has delivered is a world-class office solution, one that embraces elements of activity-based work thought systems and tailors these into a standout, contemporary environment for its client. This is not the first time that Inhouse has been asked to lend its interior design talents to a fellow creative agency. The company is known for breakthrough work for Ogilvy Cape Town, and has also completed Black River Park FC and Metropolitan Republic Johannesburg on the advertising front. Additionally, Inhouse has completed a string of singular, awardwinning projects for restaurants such as The Test Kitchen and Carne SA and corporate offices for Union Swiss, and several others. In 2013 alone, Inhouse received eight local and international awards and accolades, including a Silver Cannes Lion, placing it at the forefront of the interior design industry in South Africa. For more information see www.inhouse.ws.

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INDUSTRY INSIGHT

Timber homes in South Africa The sustainable alternative? By Pieter Silberbauer, Managing Director of Rustic Homes.

Wood and iron.

A sustainable building by Rustic Homes.

INTRODUCTION

Simon van der Stel realised that there would be a shortage of timber and a hundred young oaks were ordered to be planted on each grant of land in 1689. In the same year, he planted 16 000 oak trees on the slopes of Table Mountain.

In the past, a culture of building with timber was growing and developing in South Africa, especially in the Southern and Western Cape, but in recent times we seem to have lost our way. In order to fully understand this and to recognize that urgent intervention (government, scientific, and economic) is necessary, we need to step back and trace the timber industry in South Africa since the 1600s.

THE EXPLOITATION OF THE INDIGENOUS FORESTS The original inhabitants of the Western Cape lived in harmony with the forests. The Khoikhoi were hunter gatherers and only ventured into the forest in search of honey or to hunt for food. Sometimes they flushed out their prey by lighting fires, but caused little harm to the forests, which they respected. This all changed when Jan van Riebeeck stepped ashore on 6 April 1652. He described the forests around the slopes of Table Mountain as â&#x20AC;&#x153;surely the most beautiful in the world,â&#x20AC;? and then proceeded to cut them down. The forests of Rondebosch, Newlands, Contstantia and Tokai were quick to go and when the road was put through to Oranjekloof, the beautiful forests of Hout Bay were quickly depleted. As the search for timber spread, so the forests of Riviersonderend, Grootvadersbosch and Heidelberg were discovered and exploited.

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This initial activity in tree planting subsided when the forests of the Outeniqualand (as the George/Knysna/ Tsitsikamma area was known) were discovered in 1711 and the immediate requirement for timber was satisfied. Freeburghers were given grants of land and in the second half of the 1700s the forests were theirs for the taking. Although intervention and restrictions were attempted at various stages, the destruction of the forests was exacerbated by the vacillating control of the Cape Colony between the Dutch and the British. The British took over permanently in 1806, but had no control over the woodcutters, who had become a law unto themselves. They lived in isolation on a diet of sweet potatoes, brown bread and black coffee, and worked only for themselves. They were immensely strong, terrified of elephants and the dark, and would hack down several yellowwood or stinkwood trees just to see if they were sound, leaving destruction in their wake. Timber was mainly in demand for ship building, harbour construction and wagon building. The Great Trek of 1836 increased the demand for wagon wood and structural timber to unprecedented heights and accelerated the destruction of the forests.

INDUSTRY INSIGHT

Woodcutters in action.

Tree felled in Knysna Forest.

Wagon-building.

The woodcutter had had it nearly all his own way for 200 years. This all changed with the appointment of Captain Christopher Harison in 1856 as part-time conservator of the Tsitsikamma forest. He drummed into the government that these forests were national assets and needed to be preserved and protected for the people of South Africa. However, it took the Great Fire of 1869, which destroyed large parts of the forest from Swellendam to Humansdorp to shake the authorities out of their apathy. But the greatest enemy of the forest, said Harison, was the woodcutter. After surveying the forests of the southern Cape with Thomas Bain, Harison reported that “we are mining our forests, and not farming them.” In his report of 1872/3 he wrote that “our forests are being destroyed and because they don’t pay, they are considered valueless. We are cutting down and not replacing. It is true that nature does a lot, but how much more could we do with all the forestry knowledge that the German and French forestry schools already have. Forestry is being completely ignored in our lists of requirements. What about the future of our construction industry?” Could this remark be applied to our plantations today? Harison’s recommendations for section and rotation harvesting were implemented in 1874. He also fought for control of the forest by the state: “If they fall into private hands they should soon be turned into mielie fields,” he said. The woodcutters were finally deregistered in 1939 and pensioned off.

After surveying the forests of the southern Cape with Thomas Bain, Harison reported that “we are mining our forests, and not farming them.”

The government realised in Harison’s time that a conservation policy could not be implemented without qualified forest officers. In 1880 the French Count de Vasselot de Regne was appointed as superintendent of woods and forests.

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INDUSTRY INSIGHT

The Count, a professional forester, managed to impress on the government the need for sound management for the long-term sustainability of South Africa’s indigenous forests. He managed to make the government understand that this was far more important than short-term gain.

In 1931 a degree course in forestry was offered at Stellenbosch University. In 1957, a degree in Wood Technology was added. Tree breeding research was undertaken and the D R de Wet Tree Breeding Research Station was established near Sabie in the same year (1957).

He also began experimenting with exotic pine species and had already proved that the yield for the indigenous forests could not sustain South Africa’s wood construction industry. In order to be sustainable, the yield of the Southern Cape’s remaining indigenous forests could not be more than 14 000m3 per annum. For the years 18821889 the total import of timber to the Cape Colony alone was 420 000m3. Clearly this need was never going to be supplied by the indigenous forests. By the time Count de Vasselot returned to France in 1891, indigenous forests of the Outeniqualand area had been safeguarded and placed under a well-organised system of scientific management (up to a point).

COMMERCIAL PLANTATIONS BEGIN The first recorded plantation of exotic trees (eucalyptus to supply the railways with fuel) was planted in Worcester in 1876 by Storr-Lister, the Superintendent of Plantations based in Cape Town. By 1890 there were already seven state plantations established in the Western Cape. When 75 hectares were felled in Tokai in 1915 they made a substantial profit, sparking interest in the timber industry from the private sector. By the beginning of the Second World War there were over 500 000 hectares of commercial plantation in southern Africa. Before the War, the annual production of softwoods was 71 000m3. By 1944 this had risen to 750 000m3. By 1943 75% of the softwood timber consumed was home-grown, as opposed to four per cent before the War. By 1975, the commercial forestry industry employed 120 000 people, plantations covered 1.2 million hectares and there were more than 150 sawmills in South Africa.

Because of South Africa's shortage of natural forests, the country became a world leader in plantation forestry and a scientific approach was adopted. It was Lister who established the forestry school at Tokai in 1906, offering a three-year diploma course. This facility was moved to Saasveld in 1932 and is now known as the George campus of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University.

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In 1968 the Forest Council was established by the state. A levy was charged on roundwood and export sales and was used to fund the research and development of such organisations as the National Timber Research Institute (NTRI). And so, from a scientific point of view, forestry in South Africa was well-set. The story would not be complete without a mention of the South African Lumber Millers’ Association (SALMA), which was founded in 1941. SALMA was formed by sawmillers who had been encouraged by the government to invest in sawmilling, to utilize the plantation timber that was now maturing. SALMA (using the strange log price formula) worked out the price that sawmillers should pay for logs to ensure that sawmills were profitable. Although this led to inefficiency in the sawmilling industry it did mean that the price of timber was controlled and predictable. This all fell away in the second half of the 1980s and the early 1990s.

THE EARLY HISTORY OF TIMBER HOMES IN SOUTH AFRICA Parallel to all of this was a timber home construction industry which developed on a stop-start basis from the early 1800s. In 1829 corrugated iron, and subsequently galvanising technology, was invented in England.

Redlands, built in 1864 by Henry Barrington as his hunting lodge. Redlands became the home of the van Reenen family – my great-grandparents – when they began their plantation and sawmilling enterprises in 1912. Its inventor, Henry Palmer, stated that corrugated iron lent itself to “prefabricated structures, able to be erected by semi-skilled workers” and, at the time – during the Industrial Revolution when there was a rapid population expansion both in England and the colonies – there was a need to provide cheap, portable buildings that could be erected quickly. By the early 1840s, manufacturers had established a thriving export business to the colonies, including South Africa, where business peaked during the diamond and gold rushes. Wood and iron buildings were massproduced and could be ordered off a catalogue. It is a significant point that all the timber for wood and iron houses (Oregon Pine or Baltic Deal), including those manufactured locally, was imported. Despite the success of wood and iron houses in meeting a massive need for economical housing, these buildings were not universally popular. William Morris described them as “spreading like a pestilence all over the country.”

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By the early 1900s the building of wood and iron houses was banned by most municipalities in South Africa. Unfortunately, these homes were generally built for families of very little economic means, so maintenance was mostly unaffordable. This has prejudiced many people’s thinking, even in recent times, against building homes of timber in South Africa. In areas of indigenous forest there were many timber ‘plank’ homes built by the early pioneers as temporary or utility accommodation. Yellowwood was the structural timber of choice, and some of these homes still remain in the Knysna district as valued historical homes (see image above). Although these were the first truly South African timber homes, this system of building, using indigenous timbers, was certainly never going to be sustainable in South Africa. By 1939 the commercial plantations were coming into their own and in the same year, Edmund Ruffle started a sawmill in Elgin in the Western Cape, but was interrupted by the war years. On his return from Europe in 1944, he needed to build houses for his employees. At the time he had Italian prisoners of war working for him, some of whom had engineering skills. Together they figured it out, and constructed the first homes and Elgin Timbers was born. Many of the local farmers also needed housing and so the company grew.

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INDUSTRY INSIGHT

To be sustainable, the timber home must be built from locally grown timber from plantations with a sustainable yield. In the early 1960s Elgin Timbers formed a gentlemen’s agreement with Searle’s in Great Brak River. Together they provided many homes as holiday cottages, farm staff accommodation, and primary homes at very affordable prices. The homes were totally sustainable using only locallygrown plantation timber: P. radiata for the structural framing and E. saligna for the exterior cladding. They were not particularly attractive and were vulnerable to competition when the market tired of the unimaginative designs of the ‘50s and ‘60s. In Knysna in 1967, Naude, Scott and Thesen formed NST Timber Log Homes. These houses were very attractive, although being solid log, and slightly more expensive. They also lent themselves to easy transportation in kit form. In the early 1980s Searle’s, Elgin Timbers and NST were all performing extremely well. Timber prices were predictable, good research and development undertaken, qualified artisans readily available, and plots were inexpensive. A beach front property was priced from R3 000 to R8 000 and Elgin Timbers’ ‘Outeniqua’ three-bedroom house was R25 000. Prices remained the same for the first half of the 1980s. This was a golden era in the building of sustainable timber homes in South Africa, but the game plan was about to change.

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THE DEMISE OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY Politics in the late 1980s were looking bleak in South Africa. P.W. Botha gave his disastrous Rubicon speech in late 1985 and the Rand began its rapid downward slide. The export of sawlogs (and everything else) became extremely lucrative. The Competitions Board also outlawed fixing of timber prices, and further sparked the rapid escalation of timber costs. Although exports opened up with the devaluing of the Rand, here in South Africa, timber homes were no longer the affordable alternative, and many of the timber home builders’ designs were looking old-fashioned and not the custom designs the consumers were demanding. In 1988 SABS082 (now SANS10082 – the South African Bureau of Standards code for timber buildings) was incorporated as part of the National Building Regulations (NBR), and many architects began to take an interest in timber as a construction material of choice. We were fortunate to enter the market at this critical time, with the founding of Rustic Homes in 1986. It was no longer just about price. Customers were looking for something more individual for their dream home. To quote John Mortimer, former SALMA Executive Director and Dean of the Faculty of Forestry at Stellenbosch University, “in an industry that never quite achieved a consumer breakthrough, it was the style of Rustic Homes that, in the late ‘80s, finally captured the imagination of the South African market.”

INDUSTRY INSIGHT Although we had our share of setbacks leading up to the first democratic elections, from 1995 onwards the quality and style of timber building has continued to improve, along with the confidence of the market in this product. Whether it’s a custom designed timber home or a factory standard, in order to be sustainable, the timber must be supplied from locally-grown plantations.

- THE EXIT POLICY The government’s exit policy has changed all of this. In the year 2000 SAFCOL advised the government that, of the 70 000ha of plantations between Tokai and Tsitsikamma, 45 000ha were not viable and should be phased out. By 2005 MTO (now Cape Pine), who now had the lease of most of these plantations proved that these plantations were, in fact, extremely viable. In 2006 the government’s own VECON report concurred with MTO and recommended that 22 500ha (of the original 45 000ha) be returned to forestry.

It is critical that the government understands the vital importance of a sustainable forestry industry in South Africa. As De Vasselot said about South Africa’s indigenous forests back in the 1880s, “It’s about long-term sustainability and this is far more important than shortterm gain.” Unlike mixing concrete or forging steel, the ‘tree factory’ takes time to produce timber. Every generally used alternative, be it concrete, steel or plastic, is nonrenewable and requires a great deal more energy to produce. Unless there is immediate intervention (government, scientific and economic), building timber homes in South Africa (or anything else in timber for that matter) will not be the sustainable alternative. The need for action is urgent.

In 2008, the Government agreed to reverse its forestry exit policy. But six years on, this has yet to be signed off in parliament.

- WHAT THIS MEANS: • Sawmills are closing and already products that used to be locally readily available are being imported. • If the full exit policy continues and when the Stellenbosch-based ‘Cape Pine Sawmill’ closes down within a couple of years, more than 12 000 jobs will have been lost in the timber industry in the region. • Without proper forestry management, undesirable exotics, such as black wattle and rooikrans are escaping into the fynbos and catchment areas. Working for Water does not have the funding, capacity or management skills to cope. • Exited areas are a liability for Cape Pine (previously MTO) and Cape Nature. Neither want the responsibility for the inferno that will eventually happen. • We have lost our once world-class fire-fighting capabilities and forestry infrastructure is collapsing. • When the country’s economy picks up again, there will be a shortfall. Importing less dense radiata pine from New Zealand or South America is an option, but hardly sustainable, and a great shame as P. radiata, grown in the Western Cape, achieves a combination of quality and strength that is among the highest of radiata pine grown anywhere in the world. • And, with the Rand likely to remain a weak currency, we will surely find ourselves paying more money for an inferior product in future. We are losing an industry that not only once led the world, but one that also fits in perfectly with the government's National Development Plan.

The Government agreed to reverse its forestry exit policy in 2008, but six years on, this has yet to be signed off in parliament.

REFERENCES De Beer, Margareta Caterine. The Socio-Economic Impact of the Phasing out of Plantations in the Western and Southern Cape region of South Africa (A Case Study of Three Plantations). Immelman, W.F.E., Wicht, C.L. and Ackerman, D.P. (Eds). Our Green Heritage (The South African Book of Trees). Newdigate, Katherine. Honey, Silk and Cider. Nicholson, Tim. Corrugated Iron Architecture, The Building Conservation Directory, 2013. Nimmo, Arthur. The Knysna Story. Olivier, Willem. (Comp). There is Honey in the Forest. (The History of Forestry in South Africa). Saasveld Forestry College. Silver Jubilee Journal. Tapson, Winifred. Timber and Tides. Van Reenen, Vincent. The Van Reenens of Knysna. Vernon, G.N. A Study of Wood and Iron Houses of East London, South Africa. Woodhall Spa Cottage Museum. A Brief History of Corrugated Iron Buildings.

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NEWS

4 Wood Conference th

On the 11th of February, HWZ International hosted yet another successful Wood Conference. Attended by a record number of delegates this year, the event was host to talks that showcased the beauty and potential of building with timber, and cast a light on the current state of the forestry industry in South Africa.

he conference kicked off with a warm welcome from Bernadette Hunkeler Brown, the Consul General of Switzerland, who brought a personal touch to her talk by sharing her experience and associations with timber and timber buildings from her childhood in Switzerland. Jiri Oslizlo, Agrop Nova A.S. CEO, shared an update on the House Pinotage project in Durbanville, which is a working demonstration of the Novatop product (large format cross laminated panels). Highlighting the many advantages of the system and drawing on the supporting technical details, Oslizlo tracked the progress of the project until its successful completion. Fred Wagenaar, Executive Officer of the Institute of Timber Construction in South Africa offered insight into the regulations governing structural timber roof structures in South Africa. With a background into the local regulatory environment, as well as a look at current government interventions, Wagenaar shared with delegates a number of scenarios in which regulatory requirements are not adhered to, and the important role the ITC-SA, now accredited by SAQA as a professional body, plays in preventing these.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

Vernon Collis, Engineer-Architect of Collis & Associates in Cape Town, delivered a talk on climate change and resource depletion. Collis transported delegates millions of years back in time to offer a deep and insightful look at forests and their intrinsic relationship with climate change through the ages, and a sobering perspective on the precarious position in which humanity now finds itself. Talking on the sustainable use of wooden windows, Cobus Lourens of Swartland Windows & Doors discussed the mandate of the company to do business in a sustainable way. Lourens highlighted this aspect of the business from its commitment to various regulatory bodies, as well as the sustainable sourcing of timber, for products, and processes that are energy efficient and that add ecological value. This was followed by Bert Weijer, Export Manager of Fermacell GmbH, who introduced the company, highlighting its history, areas of service, and expertise. Fermacell Gypsum Fibreboard consists of a homogeneous mixture of gypsum, paper fibres and water, ensuring its inherent stability, fire- and moisture-resistance, acoustic, impact-, and load-bearing properties, all attested to by the productâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s various applications from domestic to commercial settings.

NEWS

George Kuratle, conference founder and chairman of the HWH Group.

Hannu Garny, Master of Ceremonies.

Jiri Oslizlo, Agrop Nova A.S. CEO.

Zaida Davids, organiser, and Thomas Rohner, HWZ International SA, organiser and speaker.

Pieter Silberbauer, CEO of Rustic Homes, delivered a talk on the history and current state of the forestry (and timber construction) industries in South Africa, concluding with a sombre outlook on the future of forestry in South Africa if government’s inaction on policy persists.

Bernadette Hunkeler Brown, Consul General of Switzerland.

Luyanda Mpahlwa, Director and Design Principal of Design Space Africa, spoke about a number of projects in his company’s portfolio, ranging from a social housing project in Cape Town to a football training centre in Soweto, that represent Cape Town for World Design Capital 2014’s vision of design as a catalyst for transformation. Following this, Martin Brettenthaler, CEO of Pavatex SA in Switzerland introduced the wood fibre insulating system and its uses in a modern building environment. Introducing South Africa’s very own eco label, Environmental Consultant for Eco Standard South Africa, Sally-Anne Käsner explored the various evaluation categories, ratings and what they mean, the steps to take to achieve favourable ratings, and the benefits of having a product certified under this standard. Next was Max Renggli, CEO of Renggli AG in Switzerland, who discussed the workings of the company and its vision of sustainability in the production of intelligent prefabricated timber structures for residential and commercial purposes.

Fred Wagenaar, Executive Officer of the ITC-SA.

This was followed by a talk on the energy efficiency of timber homes by Werner Slabbert, CEO of Eco Log Homes, and chairman of the Institute of Timber Frame Builders. Slabbert explored the concepts of energy efficiency, embodied energy, the practical application of timber in building with energy efficiency in mind, and aspects of design that can enhance the energy efficiency of a timber home. Executive Director of the South African Wood Preservers Association, Bruce Breedt, focused on the local regulations governing wood preservation in South Africa, picking up on the history of this practice, and the various threats to timber that necessitate this treatment. Concluding the diverse line-up of speakers for the day was Roland Mayer of Herbert Handlos Ges. M.b.H. of Austria, who shared with delegates the history of the company whose expertise are in the field of glue laminated timber log homes.

Vernon Collis, EngineerArchitect of Collis & Associates.

Representing a platform for exchange on the topic of wood as a natural resource for building material, the fourth HWZ International Wood Conference brought together over 350 delegates, from South Africa and abroad, with a special interest in timber to share their knowledge and ideas on this warm, and sustainable building material. With much lively discussion, especially on the topics of forestry and timber treatment in South Africa, delegates walked away from yet another successful gathering with more connections and greater insight into the use of timber in construction.

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NEWS

Cobus Lourens of Swartland Windows & Doors.

Bert Weijer, Export Manager of Fermacell GmbH.

Pieter Silberbauer, CEO of Rustic Homes.

Luyanda Mpahlwa, Director and Design Principal of Design Space Africa.

A LOOK BACK: FIRST WOOD CONFERENCE | 2011 The first HWZ International Wood Conference was held in 2011, with theme of wood as a universal material for innovative, sustainable and modern architecture. A group of specialists from the wood-working sector organised the event on the occasion of an invitation to Cape Town from George Kuratle, conference founder and chairman of the HWH Group. The first Wood Conference delved into the many positive aspects of timber, including its propensity for easy processing, its loadbearing capacity, thermally efficient properties, and engineering potential. Four main speakers, experts in their respective fields, presented talks on sustainable timber architecture to an audience of 70 delegates.

Roland Mayer, Herbert Handlos Ges. M.b.H., Austria.

Martin Brettenthaler, CEO of Pavatex SA.

Bruce Breedt, Executive Director of SAWPA.

Sally-Anne Käsner, Environmental Consultant, Eco Standard SA.

Werner Slabbert, CEO of Eco Log Homes, and chairman of the ITFB.

Max Renggli, CEO of Renggli AG.

SECOND WOOD CONFERENCE | 2012 Themed, ‘Cutting edge knowledge for living and building,’ the second Wood Conference offered insight into sustainable building with timber, in both high- and low-end price segments, exploring pertinent architectural, human settlement-planning, technological and scientific details. With a focus on local timber and construction, social housing, and the high-tech future of designing with wood, the second Wood Conference addressed an audience of no fewer than 120 delegates, comprising of architects, engineers, builders, carpenters, planners, designers, students, investors, as well as the public sector.

THIRD WOOD CONFERENCE | 2013 The third Wood Conference saw substantial growth in attendance with a great mix of local and international speakers, and having assured CPD accreditation. Highlighting timber in various applications and settings, as well as the technical details that go into planning, the third Wood Conference reinforced the notion of timber as a vitally important, viable and sustainable material with which to build, and urged delegates to use this resource more effectively and with greater care.

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DELEGATE FEEDBACK ON THE 4TH WOOD CONFERENCE: “A big thank you to all for an interesting and informative wood conference last week.” Mano Kalos, Professional Architect “May we extend our warmest thanks for a formidably organized conference which I thoroughly enjoyed, both from an information as well as organizational point. You guys rock and we certainly hope that your success will spur you on to further conferences.” Bernhard Lembeck, Pronature Paints “Thank you again for the opportunity to participate in the Wood Conference yesterday. We really enjoyed being there and think that the talks were of a very high quality.” Sally-Anne Käsner, Executive Associate, Jeffares & Green (Pty) Ltd. “Just a short thank you for yesterday’s conference. It was very interesting and I enjoyed the day very much.” Bernadette Hunkeler Brown, Consul General of Switzerland. “It was a great conference. I enjoyed it and learned a lot.” Axel Zimmermann, Massclusivity cc. “Thanks to you for the well-organised fourth Wood Conference. I’m sure you did great work for it!” Walter Brunner, BBMA - Somerset West “The conference was most informative and enjoyable, the refreshments and venue were first class. The accompanying documentation, which I only just thumbed through last night is indeed welcome and will find a place in our office library. The presentations were very good and I would particularly like to give mention to the Vernon Collis critique on climate change and resource depletion especially. It really was outstanding. The big surprise for me and also very informative was the Pieter Silberbauer presentation on the history of forests/ trees as a plantation crop in South Africa. The current demise of plantations is serious. This particular talk clearly needs a wider, stronger and much more open airing in South Africa to Professionals, NGOs and especially Government. I believe that this is a big responsibility which needs to be taken forward urgently. All in all it was a good day and well spent for us.” I.M. Jonker – Jonker & Barnes Architects.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: (c) 076 401 9120 (e) capetown@hwzinternational.com (w) www.hwzinternational.com

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We bring you a wide range of spruce construction materials: Sawmill timber, Finger Join Beams, Glue laminated beams, Oriented solid board, Ceiling and flooring HWZ International SA (Pty) Ltd, Cape Town Email: capetown@hwzinternational.com

www.hwzinternational.com

NEWS

TanapoleTM ranch fencing captures a spirit of adventure at Camp Discovery A spirit of adventure is felt at Camp Discovery, where together, humans and wildlife embrace the beauty of the natural surroundings of the 270-hectare game farm. The skillfully designed ‘zig-zag’ formation of the poles allows for humans to navigate their way on and off the field, while keeping the wildlife at bay. To withstand the outdoor conditions of the sports field and provide protection against wood decay caused by fungi, the poles were treated with Tanalith™ C wood preservative and Weatherwood™ water repellent additive.

The skillfully crafted entry/ exit design that eliminates the installation of a traditional gate.

The ranch fencing runs the entire perimeter of the sports field.

owever, when the wildlife began to pose a problem by roaming onto the sports field, Camp Discovery approached Khulani Timber Industries, who provided a solution by installing Tanapole™ ranch fencing around the perimeter of the field to alleviate the problem.

Established in 1991 and located in Modjadjiskloof in Limpopo, Khulani Timber Industries is a leading treated pole producer for both the building/fencing pole market and the agricultural/transmission pole market throughout Africa. The treatment of timber poles is carried out in two treatment plants, one of which was upgraded and commissioned by Lonza Wood Protection in 2010. All poles adhere to the SANS 457 pole specification requirements. Khulani is also listed on the Tanalised™ Wood Preservative Guarantee programme, which offers end-users, such as Camp Discovery, the peace of mind of a product that is backed by a 15-year guarantee. For more information on Tanapole™ preservative treated wood and its 15-year guarantee (with terms and conditions), please visit the website at www.tanalised.co.za.

The installation took two weeks and features an interesting entry/exit design that eliminates the use of a traditional gate that requires opening and closing.

Khulani Timber Industries Pty (Ltd) Pressure Treated Pole Products Creosote and Tanalith

NEW SALIGNA RANCH FENCING Pole products: Creo & Tan Ranch Fencing (SABS 457) Creo & Tan Droppers & Laths (SABS 1288) Creo & Tan Poles (SABS 457) Tanalised Poles (SABS 754) Creosote Poles (SABS 754)

Contact: (t) 015 309 9525 or 015 309 9202/3/4 (c) 082 896 1520 or 082 896 1531 (e) adele@khulani.co.za (e) sales@khulani.co.za (w) www.khulani.co.za

www.tanapole.co.za

INDUSTRY INSIGHT

Use of preservative treated timber in South Africa Bruce Breedt, Executive Director of the South African Wood Preservers Association (SAWPA), discusses the use of primary preservative treated timber in structures and the reasons why it must be used in specific areas and applications. By Bruce Breedt, Executive Director of the South African Wood Preservers Association (SAWPA)

Photo courtesy of Eco Log Homes.

rimary preservative treated timber refers to industrial impregnation (pressure) methods to prevent against fungal decay (rot) and wood borer and termite attack, and not the surface application of brush-on preservatives or protectants/sealers.

REGULATIONS: There are two regulations applicable to preservative treatment of timber, the first being VC 9092, The Compulsory Specification for the Preservative Treatment of Timber, which regulates the manufacture and sale of preservative treated timber in South Africa and, in short, requires all preservative treatment plants to be approved

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by the NRCS (National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications), third party certified by the SABS or SATAS, and all treated timber produced and/or sold within the borders of South Africa to be manufactured, comply with, and be certified and marked in accordance with the SANS 10005, The preservative treatment of timber, and the applicable SANS product standard. In the case of sawn stress graded structural timber, this would be SANS 1288, Preservative treated timber, the standard that specifies only the preservative treatment requirements for all timber or wood products that do not fall within the scope of the SANS 457-2, SANS 457-3, SANS 753 and SANS 754, which are the standards specifically dealing with softwood and hardwood building, agricultural and utility poles.

Supplier of Timber Log Wall Systems, Solid and Half Logs, Decking, Poles, Pickets, Timber Balustrades, Flooring and Laminated Posts

Solid Log

T&G Half Logs

Contact details: Head Office & Factory Physical: 8 Fechter Street Knysna Industria Postal: PO Box 2385 Knysna, 6570

Email: timbaclad@telkomsa.net Web: www.timbaclad.com

Cell Francois: 082 411 0513 Cell Brett: 082 553 2822 Cell Kobus: 082 535 3397 Cell Dean: 083 671 4999 Fax: 044 382 6358

INDUSTRY INSIGHT

The second regulation controls the use of preservative treated timber, specifically when used in a structure or building, and is specified in regulation A 13 (1)(b) of SANS 10400-A, The Application of the National Building Regulation – Part A: General Principles and Requirements. A 13 (1)(b) states, “All timber used in the erection of a building shall be treated against termite and wood borer attack and fungal decay in accordance with the requirements of SANS 10005 and shall bear the product certification mark of a body certified by the South African National Accreditation System.”

SANS 10005: To fully understand the intent or meaning of the words “All timber” one needs to refer to SANS 10005, and specifically, clause 12, which deals with the use of preservative-treated timber in specific areas in South Africa and says, “To qualify as being adequate for its purpose, structural timber of the two main species, i.e. Gymnospermae (Softwood) and Angiospermae (Hardwood) used in a permanent building in the areas given in 12.2 and 12.3 shall be preservative treated in accordance with 12.4.”

hylotrupes bajulus.

cryptotermes brevis.

For Angiospermae (Hardwood species) all sawn timber, planed timber, and poles or logs (round or partly round) of the hardwood species shall be treated in accordance with 12.4 when used within the borders of South Africa, except for the following predominantly heartwood-containing items: a) laminated timber b) block and strip flooring c) ceiling boards d) panelling e) mouldings and joinery f) garden furniture g) outdoor decking boards h) non-sapwood-containing, kiln-dried and planed, sawn boards processed from eucalyptus species

In the case of Gymnospermae (softwood species) all sawn timber (including planed and profiled timber) and poles or logs (round or partly round) of the softwood species shall be treated in accordance with 12.4 when used in the coastal municipal areas or towns (coastal) in South Africa. Amahlathi, Berg Rivier, Bitou, Breede Valley, Breede River/ Winelands, Buffalo City, Cape Agulhas, Cederberg, City of Cape Town, Drakenstein, eNdondakusuka, eThekwini Metropolitan (Durban), Ezingoleni, George, Great Kei, Hibiscus, Hlabisa, Impendle, Jozini, Kamiesberg, King Sabata Dalindyebo, Knysna, Kouga, Kou-Kamma, KwaDukuza, Langeberg, Makana, Maphumulo, Matzikama, Mbonambi, Mbhashe, Mbizana, Mkhambathini, Mnquma, Mooi Mpofana, Mossel Bay, Mthonjaneni, Mtubatuba, Mzunduzi, Nama Khoi, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan (Port Elizabeth), Ndlamble, Ndwedwe, Nkonkobe, Ngqushwa, Ntambanana, Nyandeni, Overstrand, Port St Johns, Qaukeni, Richmond, Richtersveldt, Saldanha Bay, Stellenbosch, Sunday’s River Valley, Swartland, Swellendam, The Big 5 False Bay, Theewaterskloof, Ubuhlebezwe, Umdoni, uMngeni, uMhlathuze, Umhlabuyalingana, uMlalazi, uMshwati, uMuziwabantu, Umvoti, Umzumbe, Vulamehlo, Witzenberg. These coastal areas are prevalent to the spread of hylotrupes bajulus (European house/Italian/longhorn beetle) and cryptotermes brevis (West Indian dry wood termite) that favours and attacks softwood species. It’s important to note that cryptotermes brevis is not a subterranean termite, as it colonizes inside the timber on which it feeds.

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CCA treated roof trusses. The main determining factor is that if the timber contains large proportions of permeable (treatable) sapwood, then it must be treated. Timber containing only heartwood (impermeable inner core) cannot be properly treated, even when using pressure processes. A typical example of hardwood timber used in roofing that must be treated, but in almost all cases is not, is the use of eucalyptus (saligna/ grandis) branding and battens. Eucalyptus brandering and battens are mostly used cut wet of saw and therefore can be successfully treated using borates applied by a dip or pressure-diffusion process. Hardwoods, such as eucalyptus, that contain sapwood are at sure risk of being attacked by lyctus brunneus (powder post beetle) that will, if not treated, attack and destroy the sapwood portions.

lyctus brunneus.

INDUSTRY INSIGHT Sub-clause 12.4, in turn, specifies that the preservative treatment of timber shall comply with the provisions of SANS 457-2, SANS 457-3, SANS 753, SANS 754 or SANS 1288, as relevant.

HAZARD CLASSES: All the SANS standards specify different hazard classes (H classes) to which timber shall be treated based on the end-use application, exposure and risk, as well as the minimum required preservative retention per m3. The H classes must be indicated on the marking required by the VC 9092 and SANS standards. H2 – Dry interior above ground H3 – Exterior above ground H4 – Exterior in-ground H5 – Fresh water & heavy wet soil contact H6 – Marine In the case of roofing timber, at least H2 treated timber shall be used when covered, and where fully exposed to weathering, H3 must be used, e.g. gazebo, or deck timber, not in contact with the ground.

PRODUCT USE AND SAFETY INFORMATION: Treated structural gum poles - SANS 457-3.

• Preservative treated timber should preferably be used in its originally treated lengths, but due to impracticalities, this is not always possible and therefore it is important to note that when pressure treated timber is machined, e.g. cross-cut, that untreated areas may be exposed. Such exposed ends must be remedially treated by liberally applying a suitable and registered remedial/supplemental brush-on preservative. This practice is not acceptable for cut ends exposed to H4 ground contact and higher. In these cases, cut ends shall never be planted/exposed into the ground. • Wear personal protective equipment when handling and machining treated timber, i.e. gloves, eye protection and dust masks or respirators.

lyctus brunneus.

• Do not allow treated wood off-cuts to accumulate – dispose of it at a registered waste or landfill site. • Do not burn treated wood off-cuts, i.e do not use as fire wood or for cooking food. For more information on wood preservation in South Africa, please contact SAWPA at 0119741061 or sawpa@global.co.za or visit www.sawpa.co.za or www.sawpa.org.za.

hylotrupes adult and larvae.

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INDUSTRY INSIGHT

Realising value in the right places Through their tried and tested base in benchmarking, supply chain optimisation, together with their measure and control reporting capability, Crickmay is realising the untapped value of recovery opportunities for many of its clients. Jayce Lane of Crickmay offers insight into the opportunities for value chain optimization and what this brings to the forestry and sawmilling industries.

value chain by definition implies the business processes involved in receiving raw materials and other inputs, converting these inputs into finished products, i.e. adding value and selling these finished products to customers. What is implied, but missing from this definition, is that a business needs to be profitable, and, I would like to add, socially and environmentally sustainable too. All of the above needs to happen whilst being mindful of external factors which apply pressure to businesses, such as rising input costs, legislation, policy making and market forces, like direct competition from other manufacturers or

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alternative materials, such as steel versus timber in construction. With the aforementioned as background, I briefly investigate some of the key areas within forestry and sawmilling where additional value or gains can be made. If one considers the typical forestry supply chain, it quickly becomes apparent that one of the single biggest cost drivers has been the delivered price of roundwood (logs), to the mill gate. Across the sawmilling industry in particular, the roundwood cost as a proportion of production costs has risen from 24% in 2003 to 28% in 2013.

INDUSTRY INSIGHT

Some years back Crickmay identified and launched a project which spanned two industries, which focused on reducing the empty legs that trucks had to travel. This project arose from the fact that aluminium was being moved from Richards Bay to Pietermaritzburg and pulpwood was being moved from Pietermaritzburg to Richards Bay, resulting in trucks from either industry passing each other empty. The Inyozi project, launched by Crickmay, successfully merged the two supply chains so that a vehicle could carry both timber and aluminium. For the aluminium convertor, it represented a R60/tonne or 40% saving on their transport bill. Although not specifically a timber example, within the sugar industry, which has some very similar constraints and influencing factors, as with forestry, the introduction of scheduling systems has meant in some instances a 30% reduction in fleet sizes amounting to an approximate 10% saving on the cost of transporting the product from the field to the mill. Where manufacturing facilities have direct control of their transport, similar savings could be found within the sawmilling and pulpwood environments.

Immediately, one realises this is an area for opportunity, and one that gains even more significance if one considers that the sawmilling industry will find it increasingly difficult to pass on rising roundwood input costs. For example, sawn timber is experiencing increased pressure from other composite materials in its traditional areas of application and because approximately 76% of all sawn timber is for construction purposes, there is the inevitable over-supply of product when demand in the construction industry wanes. The prospects for pulpwood producers are equally challenging, with the threat of imported pulp being landed in South Africa at the same cost of local production. For example, depending on how far the resource is from the manufacturing plant, the harvesting and transport element can constitute anything from approximately 35% to 50% in sawmilling, and as much as 70% in pulpwood, according to various sources.

Another example could be implementation of computerbased planning within the value chain. Within a particular environment, a total of approximately R94 million was saved in a year, because a complete understanding was built: analysis and subsequent computer modelling were undertaken to determine the quality of the product and how much was needed, from which supplier to which end destination it would need to travel, and what the most affordable route would be. It is important to realise that nothing stays constant, and it is equally important to continually re-evaluate the major drivers within any business. This cannot be better expressed than a comment from a past client: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Learning about logistics has been like travelling around the world. There are constantly new challenges and matters to explore. Travelling with Crickmay & Associates has been a pleasure, specifically based on their approach to understand problems and workable solutions that wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have you stuck in a place where you do not want to be.â&#x20AC;? - Gerhard Marais, GM Rotran Operations and Brockerage.

Having identified the cost of roundwood as an area of focus, a clear case for further investigation and intervention is made. For various participants within the industry, the actual interventions to improve value will differ from party to party.

Crickmay has been involved in the forestry and sawmilling industry for over 20 years since the early 1980s. They have grown to be a trusted, reliable and vital source of information in the industry through their many initiatives and the services they provide.

Intervention could range from introducing a scheduling system for inbound trucks, or changing the way trees are grown and harvested, or simply looking for the not-soobvious opportunities to minimise empty transport legs.

For more information, visit www.crickmay.co.za.

Some examples from previous interventions are provided here to demonstrate what kind of impacts can be made:

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COMPANY PROFILE

Timbacore:

Your one-stop timber shop Although it primarily serves the Cape, including the city and surrounds, the Cape Peninsula, areas of the West Coast and Boland, the name Timbacore is much more widely known, and the brand has become a hallmark of quality within the industry. Timber iQ recently had the pleasure of talking to founder and owner, Nathaniel Roberts, and learned more about the driving forces behind the company's success and exactly why Timbacore really is your one-stop timber shop.

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COMPANY PROFILE ALL YOUR TIMBER NEEDS UNDER ONE ROOF When visiting Timbacore, you’ll find the manufacturing facility, the DIY division, the installations department and the retail shop on the same premises – covering close to 10 000 square metres. The customer clearly benefits from this operating model where all the units complement each other. All your questions are answered in one spot by experts, and no time is wasted with referrals between product and service provider. To top that, Timbacore even makes provision for site visits that may take longer than anticipated, by offering customers refreshments in the Coffee & Take Away Shop. But possibly the most unique aspect of Timbacore’s focus on customer needs, is how the company ensures that their clients walk away 100% satisfied:

THERE IS NO COMPARISON... Nathaniel Roberts demonstrated his entrepreneurial flair from a very young age, comfortably assuming the role of neighbourhood kid who cut everyone’s lawn and landing his first 'job' in the local bakery at the tender age of 10. He never stopped dabbling in small but profitable business ventures, gaining considerable experience over the years working with metals, as well as timber. Sixteen years ago he harnessed his knowledge, together with a natural, inherent understanding of structural design, and formed Timbacore. Initially focusing on installations only, the company soon enjoyed phenomenal growth that spurred its expansion first into retail, and later into manufacturing. When asked about the secret of Timbacore’s success, Roberts reiterates time and again, “Quality. Value for money.” Above everything, Roberts’ directive is that his customers’ needs come first – whether you are a consumer, supplier, or contractor. He explains: “I put myself in my customers’ shoes. When I’m paying for something, I know I want value. If I can give my customers the best of what they need, I know they will enjoy a long-lasting purchase. And, a brand must be trustworthy. My customers know they can trust not only Timbacore, but also the products we sell.” Adding to that, Roberts’ first word of advice to consumers is “buyer, be wary.” By way of explanation, Roberts is upfront about the fact that Timbacore is ‘not the cheapest,’ because there simply is no comparison between Timbacore’s quality products and other products on offer from unproven entities or suppliers of ill repute. To prove his point, Roberts extends an open invitation to anyone who needs a timber product (from basic poles to customdesigned structures) to visit the Timbacore facility in Stikland, where they will experience first-hand service backed by top-quality materials.

TIMBER iQ: YOU'VE MENTIONED THAT YOUR WENDY HOUSES ARE ONE OF YOUR MOST POPULAR PRODUCTS. WHY? ROBERTS: Again, because they offer true value for money. To start with, the timber is CCA pressure treated to SABS specifications, and every wendy house is completely prefabricated. I personally make sure that the framework is sound – and properly designed to serve its purpose. For example, every wall is its own individual frame with stud work, and cladding is done onto the frame. The timber used is 21mm thick, loglap or shiplap weatherboard (machine profiled), applied flat onto the frame, not angled. The flooring is also 21mm thick, done ‘tongue in groove’ style. For the roofs, we use the highquality Colorbond™, although we can use an alternative if the customer prefers something else.

TIMBER iQ: SO YOU PROMISE YOUR CUSTOMERS PEACE OF MIND WHEN THEY BUY ONE OF YOUR PRODUCTS? ROBERTS: We take it a step further. Because, unfortunately, there are bad suppliers out there, who promise one thing but deliver quite another, the unsuspecting buyer can get a nasty surprise when his low-quality wendy house or cabin arrives. At Timbacore, every wendy house is manufactured and assembled on our premises. The customer then comes on site to view and inspect his actual purchase, with the opportunity to ask questions. Once approved, the customer makes payment, and we then dismantle the wendy house for transportation to, and re-assembly on, the customer’s property (normally within a couple of days). I usually send the satisfied customer a picture as well.

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COMPANY PROFILE

TIMBER iQ: IS THIS SERVICE WELL-RECEIVED? ROBERTS: Without a doubt. Being able to inspect their purchase before it arrives has not only proven to be extremely popular among our clientele, but the ease of assembly and re-assembly of our wendy houses is testament to how well they are designed. Another benefit of having all orders on display right there on our site, is that other potential clients get a good idea of exactly what they can expect from Timbacore – no nasty surprises.

TIMBER iQ: BACK TO YOUR PHILOSOPHY OF PUTTING YOUR CUSTOMERS FIRST. HOW DO YOU DEMONSTRATE YOUR COMMITMENT TO BEING A RESPONSIBLE BUT CARING COMPANY? ROBERTS: While I welcome honest competition, I do indeed caution consumers to be wary of inferior products on display by unknown vendors on the side of the road, or products offered by suppliers who do not specialise in timber. It is important to know that timber, whether for gates, fences or cabins, must be properly and appropriately treated to prevent rot and ensure its proper lifespan. But 'treated' could imply that the timber has been painted or coated, and that may not necessarily be adequate or sufficient for the intended use. I want our customers to know that the proper treatment is for the timber to be CCA pressure treated in accordance with SABS specifications, and that all timber used and sold by Timbacore is, in fact, treated in this manner. We stand by our products, and therefore our treated timber carries a 20-year warranty against rot, bugs and wood disease.

TIMBER iQ: WHAT ARE YOUR OTHER CAPABILITIES? ROBERTS: With Timbacore being a specialist supplier, we know timber and can offer expert service and workmanship. I personally handle the majority of sketches and designs for custom orders, and my staff members are all experienced and highly skilled at their trades, which include carpentry. We can offer practical recommendations on the type of timber to use for a project, the hardware that will be required, the correct application of products, such as insulation and cladding, as well as constructive advice on

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spatial constraints or layout problems. We pride ourselves on paying attention to detail to ensure great service, the right product for the right job, and top quality results. TRELLIS & FENCE PANELS: For example, for our trellis and fence panel orders in pine (CCA pressure treated per SABS specifications), we will use ring shank galvanised gun nails in the manufacturing process, as opposed to staples or panel pins that will just fail. For hardwood panels, we will use stainless steel screws. RAILWAY SLEEPER FURNITURE: There are more than 50 types of railway sleepers out there, and not all are suitable for furniture. In fact, some sleepers are more appropriate for outdoor or gardening use. It really takes many years’ experience to know just which type to use for the right application. While many claim to know how to make railway sleeper furniture, few actually can. Timbacore staff members possess the necessary skill and experience needed to both select the appropriate timber for this popular type of furniture, and to craft it with the proper, desired finish. Timbacore offers a range of sleepers, with lengths up to 4.2 metres long, ensuring seamless and beautiful furniture. Come see for yourself! DECKING: We also excel in decking. Because decks take a beating under all sorts of weather conditions, very durable and hardy timber is needed for the job. It is important to work with a reputable company that knows which timber to use and can also verify the origins of the timber. Because Timbacore installs decking, we hold ourselves accountable for the product. That is why I can reassure our clients that we do indeed know which timber to select, that we can tell the difference between authentic hardwood timber and imitations or lower grades, and that we can verify the origin of all timber we use. Specifically for decking, Timbacore will use either Balau, Garapa Gold, or Massaranduba. These imported hardwoods, not grown locally, are renowned for their outstanding grade and proven ability to withstand the weather – whether painted or left untreated.

COMPANY PROFILE

TIMBER iQ: WHERE DO YOU SOURCE YOUR TIMBER FROM? ROBERTS: We would only do business with sawmills that can vet the product. In our case, we have established long-term relationships with a few select local sawmills and a handful of importers, and have been doing business with them for many years now. That is why we are proud of, and can uphold, the guarantees we offer.

TIMBER iQ: TIMBACORE SUPPORTS THE NATIONAL SEA RESCUE INSTITUTE. ARE YOU INVOLVED IN OTHER COMMUNITY PROJECTS AS WELL? ROBERTS: Yes, recently for the Cheetah Outreach programme, Timbacore was proud to co-sponsor two cabins. The one structure serves as a living facility and the other as a 6m x 10m school room.

TIMBER iQ: LOOKING AHEAD, WHAT MIGHT THE FUTURE HOLD FOR TIMBACORE? ROBERTS: I am proud of the Timbacore brand’s achievement and the fact that it is acknowledged nationally, even though we operate locally. In view of demand, I am currently pondering several different possibilities for further expansion along the lines of installations or retail shops, but have not yet made any firm decisions.

Nathaniel Roberts.

QUICK FACTS ABOUT TIMBACORE: YOUR 1-STOP TIMBER SHOP • Poles, latte (laths), sleepers, decking, fencing, structural timber, timber mouldings, rustics, Spanish reed, Cape thatch, etc. • Wendy houses, log cabins, garden sheds, tool sheds, security huts, dog kennels. • Balustrades, pergolas, indoor and outdoor furniture. • We manufacture and install, or we manufacture and you install, or you DIY from our retail store. • Huge variety of timber-related hardware and tools. • 3rd party financing can be arranged.

Shop and factory: (t) 021-949-5555 City Bowl/Atlantic Seaboard: (t) 021-425-2555 (e) info@timbacore.co.za (w) www.timbacore.co.za

// FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014

MACHINERY

Take care Makita offers Timber iQ readers comprehensive insight into taking care of their woodworking tools.

BELT SANDERS

CIRCULAR/MITRE SAW

When it comes to taking care of belt sanders, it is wise to use graphite pads to reduce extra friction between the moving belt and the cork pad. The reduction in friction reduces temperature, ensuring less belt breakage and waste.

Clean circular/mitre saw blades with gum/pitch remover, hot water or kerosene. Oven cleaner is also an ideal cleaning solvent to safely remove any glue or gum from your blades.

Ensure that the correct belt direction lines up with the directional arrow on the tool to ensure your belts do not snap on the splice (joint). A cork pad allows for extra cushioning between the belt sander and the work piece. If your machine is fitted with variable speed, use a low speed for coarse grit belts and higher speeds for finer grit belts. The use of a sanding belt cleaning stick removes embedded particles, and can therefore help extend the belt and drum life up to ten times. Do not exert excess pressure on a belt sander, as this will cause unsightly gouges in your work piece. The weight of the belt sander should suffice. Remember to use the tracking wheel if your machine is fitted with one to get the belt to run true on the drive roller. Some machines are fitted with an automatic belt tracking system. A badly tracked belt can cause damage to the machine by running onto the frame of the tool.

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Always use sharp blades. Using dull or chipped blades creates unnecessary friction, causing blade binding, increased noise and kickback. A thinner kerf blade also puts less drag on your saw motors. A standard circular saw can be used for plunge cuts. However, the use of a riving knife in this instance is not recommended. Ensure that you use the correct blade for the material you wish to cut. There are many combination blades on the market. Your combination blade wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t necessarily be ideal for ripping and general cutting applications and vice versa. In fact, manmade timbers, such as MDF and Supawood prefer a blade with fewer teeth, such as a ripping blade, due to the high glue content in the wood. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s always advisable to run the machine for a few minutes after replacing or refitting your blade just to ensure there is no blade wobble. Also take care to clean any residue dust or glue out from behind the flanges when changing blades or performing maintenance. Always use TCT tipped blades on your circular/mitre saw.

MACHINERY

When planing hardwoods, rather make a few small cuts than one big one. This saves not only the blades, but unnecessary strain on the machine. Rest the planer on the foot of the machine to prevent any damage to the blades.

PLANERS The two main types of blade material available are TCT (Tungsten Carbide) and HSS (High Speed Steel), and both have their advantages: TCT blades are reversible, as well as cheaper than HSS, whilst HSS can be re-sharpened on a stone. When planing hardwoods, rather make a few small cuts than one big one. This saves not only the blades, but unnecessary strain on the machine. Rest the planer on the foot of the machine to prevent any damage to the blades. After cutting ‘wet’ wood, you need to clean out the chute. Rather use a small diameter off-cut of wood instead of your finger to prevent personal injury, as well as saving the sharpness of your blades. Always use the blade sharpening holder for sharpening HSS blades to ensure level blades. Also, don’t forget to ensure that once your blades are installed in your planer they are level, so as to ensure square and level cutting.

SANDING To obtain a good finish, one should work their way through the different grit of sanding discs available. For example, to sand a well-aged desk one would start with a 40g, then move onto a 60g, then an 80g, then 120g and finish off with a 180g. Starting with a 120g sanding disc in the beginning will just result in the sanding disc getting clogged, the use of more discs than necessary, as well as unnecessary strain on the sanding machine. The same applies for the random/orbital sanders as for the belt sanders: do not apply excess pressure on the machine, and let the machine do its work. If your random sander’s sanding paper is not prepunched, the use of a punch plate is advised to ensure proper dust extraction. It is also recommended to align the dust extraction ports on your orbital sander to the holes on your abrasive disc. Damage to the backing pad could adversely affect the quality of your finish. A worn or damaged backing pad should be replaced to prevent this.

// FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014

MACHINERY

ROUTER At least ¾ of the router bit shaft should be inserted into the collet cone/sleeve to prevent lateral movement and damage to the router bit. Failure to adhere to this could lead to serious personal injury. Do not bottom out the router bit. A gap of at least 3mm should be left between the collet cone/sleeve and the end of the router bit. Failure to do this could lead to the bit not been released and a costly avoidable repair. When removing large stock, it’s advisable to make two or more passes and not strain your router unnecessarily. Reduce the speed of the router for larger bits, and where possible use a router table. When routing internal and external profiles on the same work piece, the feed direction is as follows: Outer profile, clockwise and inner profile, anti-clockwise. It is just as important to ensure that the collet on a router is clean. Regularly remove any excess dust from the collet opening and ensure that the collet cone and sleeve are also free of foreign particles.

JIGSAW It’s important to keep in mind the general rule of thumb regarding TPI (teeth per inch) on jigsaws: Have at least three teeth in the work piece at any given time. The number of teeth is relative to the thickness of the material being cut, especially on ferrous and non-ferrous materials. When using a jigsaw always remember: the harder the material, the smaller the tooth should be. Excess pressure breaks and blunts blades and burns your work piece. It’s important to keep in mind that the harder the material, the slower the speed should be, and the softer the material, the faster the speed should be. When cutting a radius in thick wood, be sure to turn the pendulum action off to achieve a straight profile in timber cuts.

For more information, visit www.makita.co.za.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

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Lonza's jungle gym competition promotes early childhood development

The children of Bambi Nursery School in Pretoria jumped for joy when they heard the news that the winner of the Lonza Wood Protection and Mintroad Saw Mills Jungle Gym competition had nominated them as the prize recipient. Johann van Loggerenberg, decided to donate his prize to the nursery school after he heard that their jungle gym was damaged and no longer safe to play on.

onza Marketing Manager, Gerard Busse, said, “Tanalised™ E wood preservative treated poles and sawn timber were used in the construction of the jungle gym to ensure its longevity. A high pressure vacuum treatment with Tanalith™ E, which is a Copper Azolebased wood preservative, will provide protection against wood destroying organisms, such as termites and wood borer, by rendering the treated wood fibre unsuitable as a food source, and also provides protection against fungal decay." “The use of Tanalised™ E treated poles is ideal for these kinds of applications where sustainably sourced timber is utilised. The key manufacturer health and environmental claims regarding Tanalised™ E wood preservative treatment are independently third-party verified by Ecospecifier Global, through its health, ecotoxicity, lifecycle analysis and environmental impact analysis. These specific claims evaluated can be reviewed at www.ecospecifier.co.za. Other projects in South Africa where Tanalised™ E-treated poles have been successfully used include the Johannesburg Zoo and the Vodafone Site Solution Innovation Centre in Midrand.” Browsers Garden & Home Centre, a retail outlet of Mintroad Saw Mills, undertook the construction of the approximately 20m2 jungle gym. It features a sliding pole, a swing, a climbing net, stair stringers, a slide and a sheltered platform with securely bolted protective railing. The jungle gym had to be installed in two separate units due to space constraints and once safely installed the children did not waste any time playing on it. Owner of Mintroad Saw Mills, Roy Smith, said, “Jungle gyms are an essential form of early childhood development, so we were thrilled to be a part of this competition with Lonza. It has been an absolute joy to see the delight that this jungle gym has brought to these children.” Mintroad Saw Mills is an active leader in the wood preservation and process control fields and specializes in custom timber treatment. SABS permits are held for the full range of timber treatment types and Hazard Classes.

FEBRUARY / MARCH 2014 //

(Left) Daryll Ehrke, Lonza Customer Account Manager – Gauteng/Limpopo and (right) Johann van Loggerenberg, Winner of the Jungle Gym Competition.

The children of Bambi Pre-Primary enjoying quality time outdoors playing on their new jungle gym. For peace of mind when it comes to children’s playground equipment, Tanalised™ E wood preservative treated products provide a new generation of internationally acceptable wood preservatives. This is supported through the extensive product innovation and technical support provided by innovation-driven Lonza Wood Protection, who boast a worldwide footprint. For further information, visit the website at www.tanalised.co.za.

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Visit www.rustichomes.co.za

Email info@rustichomes.co.za

Call +27 (0)21 859 5193