Trader's Dispatch - December 2023

DECEMBER 2023

Vol. XXIV No. 11 P.O. Box 997 Conrad, MT 59425-0997

Phone 406-271-5533 Fax 406-271-5727 website: tradersdispatch.com E-MAIL: advertising @ tradersdispatch.com

Montana Ag Technology Innovation & Investment Summit

In coordination with the Montana Department of Agriculture and Montana State University, the Montana Agricultural Business Association Foundation is proud to announce the second annual Montana Ag Technology Innovation & Investment Summit set for January 23rd, 2024, in Great Falls, Montana.

The Montana Ag Technology Innovation & Investment Summit is a strategic opportunity to bring cutting-edge agriculture technology and innovation to the forefront of North America’s agriculture economy. Building on last year’s inaugural event, the 2024 summit explores the nexus between research, innovation, and investment opportunities through a compelling sector that has the power to alter the course of the global food and agriculture system.

Join researchers, entrepreneurs, capital allocators, fund managers, and agribusiness executives to network, collaborate, learn, raise capital, and lean into developing the ag technology and innovation ecosystem. The full-day agenda ends with a speed-pitch competition that recognizes, assists, and contributes prize money to voted winners.

The Summit Committee is now calling for pitch competition applications and sponsorship support. Additionally, general registration is now open. To request more information, please email mtagtechsummit@gmail.com or visit mtagtechinvest.io.

UPCOMING AUCTIONS

Dec 14, Booker Auction Co., Northwest Farm, Online................................... A7

PRODUCTION SALES

Jan 12, Diamond Bar S Simmental & SimAngus, Great Falls MT.................. A2 Feb 3, Hill 70 Quantock Ranch, Lloydminster, AB CANADA........................... A9 Feb 3, Prickly Pear Simmental Ranch, Helena MT......................................... A8 Mar 18, Whistling Winds Angus, Inc, Hingham MT...................................... A11

OTHER DATED EVENTS

Jan 16 - 17, EMRA, Innovative Cropping Seminar, Miles City MT................. A4 Feb 9 - 10, G.A.T.E Trade Show, Glendive MT................................................. A6

PRIVATE TREATY

McMurry Cattle, Herefords, Billings MT........................................................ A6

Managing farmland and transition planning workshop

The University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s Center for Agricultural Profitability and Nebraska Extension will present workshops in Sidney and Alliance for those planning and involved in farmland succession who want to learn more about the best strategies for managing and owning this asset and how it may impact the transition plan.

“So You’ve Inherited a Farm.Now What?” workshops will be held December 13 in Alliance, from 1 to 4 p.m. at the office of Nebraska Extension in Box Butte County, 415 Black Hills CONTINUED ON PAGE A2

Daniels Co. spring tree orders It’s that time of year again to be thinking about getting your trees ordered for spring! Daniels County Conservation District is sending out a tree order list in the quarterly newsletter! If you are interested in receiving the newsletter, contact Jamie Gaustad with your preferred mailing address at 406-487- 5366 ext 101 or by email at danielscountycd@ gmail.com. Tree order forms are due February 15th, 2024.

Addresses to be added need to be received by Dec. 18th, 2023.

Jaxson Van Haur, Brody Stokes, Landon Connors, Ken Winkowitsch, Peyton Volkman, Jed Winkowitsch, Sawyer Connors, Addisyn Bengtson, Case Connors, Elyse Bengtson, Mac McCauley, Sammie McCauley, and Shannon McCauley took advantage of a sheep/goat/wool/cattle judging 4-H workshop at Eddie and Meg McCauley’s ranch at Ethridge, MT on November 10. The members practiced judging sheep, goats, wool, and feeder steers and practiced giving oral reasons as well. Photo by Kari Lewis.

Montana and Wyoming Sugar Beet and Malt Barley Symposium

By Trestin Feagler, MSU Extension agent in Yellowstone County topics such as disease and weed manageRegistration is open for the 2024 Monment, marketing, and interpreting soil test tana and Wyoming Sugar Beet and Malt results. A complete agenda can be found at Barley Symposium, which will be held mountainstateag.org.

January 9-10 at the Billings Hotel and ConPesticide applicator and certified crop advention Center. The event is a joint effort of viser credits will be available. Symposium Montana State University Extension and the registration and other details are online at Mountain States Crop Education Associamountainstateag.org. Pre-registration for tion, or MSCEA. The MSCEA comprises the event is $42.50 per day. Please note that industry representatives and MSU Extena convenience fee will be added to online sion faculty members. transactions.

Events on January 9 will focus on barley For more information, contact Trestin production. Presentations will cover topics Feagler, MSU Extension agent in Yellowincluding precision agriculture, irrigation, stone County, at 406-256-2828 or trestindisease and weed control. January 10 will benson@montana.edu. focus on sugar beet production, including

Golden Triangle Cropping Seminar Montana State University Extension will host its annual cropping seminar series Jan. 8-12, 2024, in the Golden Triangle area.

Speakers will cover topics such as weed resistance, crop rotations, marketing tips, and vertebrate pests.

Interested individuals can attend in Chester, Choteau, Conrad, Cut Bank, Fort Benton, Great Falls, Havre, Shelby and Stanford. There is no charge for the seminars, and all producers are encouraged to attend. The Great Falls seminar will begin

at 9:30 a.m. with registration. The Choteau, Conrad, Cut Bank, Shelby, Chester, Havre, Fort Benton, and Stanford seminars will begin at 8:30 a.m. with registration. Both commercial and private pesticide licensing recertification credits will be available.

Dr. Tim Seipel will be covering weed resistance issues in Montana, including how these issues developed, how to best manage and prevent them, and what to be aware of in the future regarding weeds in Montana CONTINUED ON PAGE A4

ADVERTISING DEADLINE FOR JANUARY ISSUE

Wednesday, December 27 Advertiser Index B1

Email: advertising@tradersdispatch.com

Recipe Patch A14

Website: www.tradersdispatch.com

Trader’s Dispatch December 2023 — Page A2

Has the Trader’s Dispatch helped you find what you were looking for? Please tell an advertiser!

• Treat and inoculate small grains, soybean, pea, lentil • 25 and 40 bushel per minute systems • Many options available • Will be on display at: KMOT Ag Expo in Minot January 24-26 Agri-International at Bismarck Feb 13-14

Friday, January 12, 2024

Next Generation Conference

The 2024 Montana’s Next Generation Conference is back and in-person on Saturday, January 27 at the Shelby High School in Shelby, MT. The conference will provide 35 workshops to choose from including recordkeeping, market outlooks, marketing, crop and livestock production, succession planning and business topics. The conference will kick off at 8:30 a.m. and conclude by 5 p.m.

Each hour, participants will be able to choose from six different workshops to attend. Topics will include workshops designed for beginning producers as well as advanced knowledge for continuing education. Pesticide points have been applied for and approved classes will be posted on the conference website at http://www.mtnextgen.com mid-January.

Farm Service Agency (FSA) borrowers can complete their borrower training requirements by attending six workshops and completing an evaluation at the end.

For a full list of all the conference topics, agenda and registration, check it out online at www.mtnextgen.com or paper registration forms are available local extension offices. Early registration discounts are available through Monday, January 17 with single registration at $25/person and couples at $45. Final registration deadline is January 24.

Best Western has a block of rooms reserved for $99.99/night and Comfort Inn has rooms at $89/night for a single room and $94/night for a double. Please mention “Montana’s Next Generation Conference” for the discounted rate.

Persons with disabilities who require accommodations to attend or participate in this event should contact Lacy Roberts at (406) 873-5618, ext. 2 or Federal Relay Service at 1 (800) 877-8339 by January 18, 2024

Managing farmland and transition planning workshop CONTINUED FROM FRONT PAGE

Used Pipe

2 7/8”...............$56/joint 3 1/2”..................$75/joint

Used Sucker Rod Sale /4’’ x 25’..............$6.95/Stick 7 /8” x 25’..................$9.25/Stick 1” x 25’....................$10.90/Stick 3

Prices FOB Glendive, MT Selling good quality used pipe and steel at competitive prices.

Call to inquire about other sizes in stock.

Delivery available

Phone - 406-480-2979

Ave. Pre-registration is requested by December 12, by calling the Nebraska Extension in Box Butte County at 308-762-5616.

December 14 in Sidney, from 9 a.m. to noon, at the South Platte Natural Resources District office, 551 Parkland Drive.

Pre-registration is requested by December 13, by calling the Nebraska Extension in Cheyenne County at 308-254-4455.

The workshop will cover Nebraska land industry topics for farms and ranches. Those include evaluating current trends in land values and cash rents, strategies for successful land transitions, lease provisions, legal considerations and managing communication and expectations among family members. Creating and adjusting estate plans will also be covered.

“We hear all the time from people who engaged in various stages of transitioning land involved in a farm or ranch,” said Jessica Groskopf, an agricultural economist with Nebraska Extension. “The dynamics surrounding succession differ for each operation, and this workshop provides the best management concepts and strategies for an effective transition.”

The program is free to attend, and light refreshments will be provided. More information is available on the Center for Agricultural Profitability’s website, https://cap.unl.edu.

THE TRADER’S DISPATCH (USPS 019-793)

DECEMBER 2023 — Vol. XXIV No. 11 Published monthly by Trader’s Dispatch Inc., PO Box 997, Conrad, MT 59425-0997. Free on request to farmers, ranchers, heavy equipment owners and truckers in the Western United States.

Non-qualifying in-state annual subscription fee is $15.

Out-of-state nonqualifying U.S. annual subscription $25.

Periodicals Postage Paid at Conrad, MT and at additional mailing offices.

Deadline for January issue

Wednesday, December 27.

Postmaster: Send address changes to Trader’s Dispatch, PO Box 997, Conrad, MT 59425-0997 Jean Aaberg, production Geri Aaberg, circulation Kathy Peterson, ad layout Suzy Benzing, sales and ad layout

Office Phone 406-271-5533 e-mail: advertising@tradersdispatch.com

FAX 406-271-5727

www.tradersdispatch.com

Notice: Advertisers purchase space and circulation only. All property rights to any advertisements produced for the advertiser by Trader’s Dispatch, using artwork or typography furnished or arranged by Trader’s Dispatch shall be the property of Trader’s Dispatch. No such ad or any part thereof may be reproduced or assigned without the consent of Trader’s Dispatch. If camera ready copy is submitted, a PDF is preferred with all fonts embedded. All black type must be 100% black and color must be CMYK. WE CANNOT GUARANTEE PRINTING QUALITY on any ads sent in RGB and/or built on non-standard publishing programs, i/e, Word or Power Point. If the format is incorrect we may need to rebuild your ad. We have graphic designers available to build your ad, simply send us ad copy along with any photos you wish to include. Photos should be high resolution sent as JPGs. No thumbnail photos please.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A3

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2020 2012 Kenworth T680 Kenworth T800

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2020 Peterbilt 389

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FARMER TO FARMER • Cummins X15 • 500 hp • 18 speed Buy or Lease to own $28,636/yr - oac

• Paccar • 330 hp • New Leader Box Buy or Lease to own $34,574/yr - oac

“Frieling Agricultural Equipment was extremely helpful and very knowledgeable about the equipment and had good after sales service” Stauffer Land & Livestock, Eckville, AB, Canada

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Trader’s Dispatch December 2023 — Page A4

RESTORABLE CARS FOR SALE

1950 4 door deluxe sedan, needs restored.$1200 1946 Chevrolet coupe, needs restored..... $2000

Call 406-468-8301, Great Falls, MT

ITEMS FOR SALE

Pettibone 12,000 lb. loader / forklift, 4WD and 4-wheel steer, 453 Detroit with Allison transmission, has forks and 2-1/2 yard bucket with 13-ft. boom, has turret will swing 180°, cab & heater. Runs good, good tires, handy machine.................... $12,500 Shop built 10-ton tandem dual equipment trailer, 24-ft. pintle hitch, 8-hole Budd wheels with ramps, hydraulic brakes rebuilt, good tires, great for hay or equipment................... $3000 1974 Koehring paving roller, 8-ton, hydrostatic drive, rear drive, nonvibratory, 6-cylinder International gas, great for dirt roads, job site, etc.

Rugged and reliable, good shape.... . ............................................... $4500

Nice Case 530 Construction King loader & backhoe, 4 cylinder gas engine with torque converter, shuttle & high/low with 4 speed transmission, excellent tires, powersteering, removable Case backhoe with pedal swing, tire chains, low hours, great for homeowner or small ranch, no 3-pt. or PTO, easy to haul....$11,500 Fiat Allis 945B wheel loader, 7 yard bucket. Runs good, needs transmission work, comes with spare tires, works as forklift...............$6500 obo 14-ft. 7-ton ex-power company utility trailer, 8 hole wheels, hydraulic brakes, pintle hitch, great for ranch use, etc.................................. $2200 9-ft. utility body for 2-ton truck.... $650

Phone 406-777-1435 leave message

FARM EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

John Deere 5115 M 3263 hours

$70,000

Bullpen sessions, wolves, and more at this year’s Range Beef Cow Symposium

By Chabella Guzman, communications specialist Clinical Sciences, with a chute-side demThe Colorado State University Departonstration of how a PAP score is measured ment of Animal Sciences will host the 28th and other insights into high altitude disease.

Range Beef Cow Symposium, December CSU AgNext feedlot specialist Dr. Pedro 13-14 at The Ranch in Loveland, Colorado.

Carvalho will demonstrate how they use The symposium has been a partnership Greenfeed technology to measure cattle event between Colorado, Nebraska, South emissions on pasture. A brief overview of Dakota, and Wyoming universities since policy changes, effective strategies, and it began in 1969. Rotating around to each land-use goals will be discussed during the state every year.

“Public Land Grazing: Dealing with the “All four states face similar beef producPublic” session. Attendees will also partion challenges, so symposium topics, trade ticipate in a hands-on learning experience show vendors, and networking opportuniabout sensory and taste testing, consumer ties can be more regionally focused,” said preferences, and beef nutrition.

Ryan Rhoades, Colorado State University “We’ll also hear more on product regulaassociate professor and extension beef spetions, marketing strategies, and consumer cialist. “Rotating around allows each uniutilization during ‘The Business of Direct versity to showcase their research projects Beef Marketing’ panel breakout session. and provides producers in the hosting state There will be a session on ‘Wolf Reintrocloser access to attend the event.” duction,’ with updates, potential mitigation The symposium will have around 50 strategies, and compensation plans moving vendors with products and services on disforward,” Rhoades said. play throughout the event. Along with the The day before the symposium, a special networking opportunities will also be the add-on will be the BQA Certification Workpopular Bull Pen sessions. shop from 1-5 p.m. at The Ranch Complex Rhoades likens the Bull Pen sessions in Loveland, Colorado. to baseball and how teams utilize bullpen The biennial symposium, sponsored by sessions to work on the mechanics and try the Cooperative Extension Service and out new techniques. “We’re bringing back Animal Science Departments of Coloanother powerful bunch of sessions to the rado State University, South Dakota State Range Beef Cow Symposium this year.

University, University of Nebraska, and Each day’s speakers break up into smaller University of Wyoming, offers an exclusive groups focused on specific topics where program of practical production manageproducers can ask questions and participate ment information specific to the region’s in productive discussions with valuable cattle producers. takeaways.”

To register or more for more information As the host college, CSU will bring some visit www.rangebeefcowsymposium.com hot topics to producers, including Dr. Tim or call Rhoades at 970-217-0239.

Holt, Colorado State University DVM

Golden Triangle Cropping Seminar CONTINUED FROM FRONT PAGE

Patriot WT sprayer, rebuilt motor, Outback GPS............ .....$12,000.......$32,000 obo

Phone (406) 403-4642 Dutton, Montana REM VRX grain vac....$9000

croplands. Dr. Seipel is the MSU Extension cropland weed extension specialist, Integrated Pest Management program coordinator, and an assistant research professor at Montana State University.

Dr. Pat Carr, Central Ag Research Center superintendent and associate professor, will give a crop rotation update from MSU. Dr. Carr’s research interests include dryland cropping systems and strategies to improve economic and environmental sustainability; organic farming and regenerative agriculture philosophy and practice, alternative cropping practices including intercropping and dual use cover-forage crop systems; and integrated crop-livestock systems. Teaching interests include general crop production; forage management and production; conservation tillage systems; organic farming and regenerative agriculture, and emerging field crop systems Dr. Eric Belasco, MSU ag economist, will present, ‘Ten marketing tips for wheat, barley, and pulse crop producers.’ Eric’s main research focuses on the areas of agricultural marketing and applied econometrics. His research centers around characterizing variability in profits, production, and marketing.

Dr. Stephen Vantassel, Montana Department of Agriculture, vertebrate pest specialist will cover vertebrate pests related to crop and rangeland situations. Pests to be covered include ground squirrels, pocket gophers, and other vertebrate pests of interest to the audience. Dr. Vantassel develops pest control training for pesticide applicators, creates publications and training materials, and serves as an extensive resource for vertebrate pest control methods for producers and landowners in Montana.

Dates, locations and contact numbers for local cropping seminars are listed below: January 8 – Great Falls at the Cascade County Extension Office, 3300 3rd Street N.E. #9. RSVP to Rose Malisani at 406454-6980 or rose.malisani@montana.edu.

January 9 – Conrad at the Conrad Moose Lodge, 617 S. Main Street. RSVP to Dan Severson at 406-271-4054 or daniel.severson@montana.edu. Choteau at the Stage Stop Inn, 1005 Main Avenue North. RSVP to Jenn Swanson at 406-868-4570 or jenn. swanson@montana.edu.

January 10 – Cut Bank at the Glacier County Library basement, 21 First Ave. SE. RSVP to Kari Lewis at 406-873-2239 or kari.lewis@montana.edu. Shelby at the Comfort Inn, 455 McKinley Ave. RSVP to Kim Woodring at 406-424-8350 or kimberly.woodring1@montana.edu.

January 11 – Stanford at Stanford City, 102 Central Ave. RSVP to 406-566-2277 (ext. 105) or judithbasin@montana.edu.

Fort Benton at the Ag Center, 1205 20th Street. RSVP to Tyler Lane at 406-6223751 or tyler.lane@montana.edu.

January 12 – Chester at Our Savior’s Lutheran Church Fellowship Hall, 10 E. Madison Ave., Chester. RSVP to Jesse Fulbright at 406-759-5625 or jesse.fulbright@ montana.edu. Havre at the 4-H Chuckwagon 1676 US HWY 2 W, Havre MT 59501 at the Great Northern Fairgrounds. RSVP to Colleen Pegar at 406-400-2333 or colleen. pegar@montana.edu. ##### Q: Why are fish easy to weigh?

A: Because they have their own scales.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A5

for the s e h s i w k t Warmes and a big than holidaysor choosing us. you f

Fiberglass Water Tanks

AG & STEEL SUPPLY 7x20-ft Rectangular

Horse Bale Feeders

406.390.1110

Shipping Containers 40-ft High Cube Used

Save hay, save time, and save money with this Hanging Bale Feeder. The bale is suspended from 3/16" chain creating minimal waste. These feeders feature a Hay Chix slow feeding hay net to provide long term health benefits for your horses.

BATTERIES

Stocking Heavy Equipment to 1/2Ton Pickup Batteries

Plus, the tombstone horse hay feeder is in stock.

10-ft Round

Calf Shelters 8-ft x23-ft

CATTLE HANDLING & LIVESTOCK EQUIPMENT Feedbunks 20-ft x 38-in x 12-in

Cattle Guards

Portable Panel Trailer: $2,780

(constructed with 10ga & heavy tube legs) other sizes & bottomless available

Constructed with all new material.

Cattle guard kits available

portable panels, 12-ft standard portable panels (Will latch to Winkel panels)

Heavy-Duty Hay Feeders Designed to waste less hay

Continuous Fence 6-rail 1-1/4” 14ga.

20-ft long 6-rail 1.66” 14 ga 20-ft long Pipe Caps in various sizes

POST DRIVERS

Brace Rails with Purchase

T-Rex Post Driver

Redi Driver Classic

Free Standing Panels

(Constructed with 3/16-in plate) Pallet Forks

Bale spears

Buckhorn Centerflow Seed Boxes

MISCELLANEOUS

up to 200,000-lb breaking strength

Hilti gun will shoot nails into 2-7/8 drill stem.

Great for putting up steel windbreak!

HeavyDuty Cable 1-3/8”

ESAB Wire Flux Core .045 $5.90/lb

Steel Work Benches 6-ft $395

Diablo Metal & Wood Cutting Saw Blades

Gopher Bait & Mouse Poison + Bait Boxes

Shipping Containers 40-ft High Cube Used

Knipex Tools!

Secondary Square Tubing Various sizes Available

0.75x1.25x11ga 20-ft length s 100 pcs/bundle Bundle quantities only

$1.12/ft

1.25” 14ga round tubing 1.66” 14ga December 2023 *Prices Subject to Change

Box Scraper

ZEE PURLIN ZEE PURLIN is used as structural framework in buildings due to its lightweight and economical properties.

BOLTS Grade 5 & Grade 8 | Metric bolt assortment with 72-hole bin $750 2”x27’ Ratchet Strap: $14 5/16” Grade 70 Transport Chain: 20’ @ $47 3/8” Grade 70 Transport Chain: 20’ @ $63 Lever Chain Binders 5/16-3/8”: $28.50 Ratchet Chain Binders 5/16-3/8”: $35

CALL US FOR ALL YOUR STEEL NEEDS!

Used 2-3/8, 2-7/8 & 3.5” pipe

Pipe, Tubing (Round & Square) & Angle Iron

Semi load quantities of used 2-3/8, 2-7/8 & 3.5” pipe available - Call for delivered

STEEL

Rectangular Tubing

Used guardrail 2rail & 3-rail Plus, guardrail galvanized I-Beam Posts 9-ft

Bolt together fence brace | 9.5-ft Brace rail with hardware $42 | Wire gate latches for 2-7/8 posts $23.00

ATTACHMENTS

Skidsteer Snow Buckets

$1,575

Tow Ropes Various sizes

5-in Galvanized Octagon Tubing 39-ft lengths

NEW Portable Panel Design

SuperSteel / Steel Decking 36”x24’ 22ga Prime galvanized Super Steel Use for windbreaks, corrals, etc.

Fork Mount: $2,750 Center Mount: $3,400 Side Mount: $4,200

Skidsteer Plates: $178 Bale Spears: $85

Call for delivered prices!

Portable Loading Chute

Portable Windbreaks

FENCING

GATES POSTS All gates are constructed with 2-7/8” x 6-ft 12 & 14 ga 1.66” OD tubing 2-7/8” x 8-ft 10-ft bow gates $360 2-7/8” x 10-ft 12-ft bow gates $417 Corral gates - 6-bar 5-in galvanized 8-ft $190 octagon 9’9” 10-ft $200 posts 12-ft $220 14-ft $240 Pipe posts can 16-ft $260 be cut to length.

10 FREE

Semi load quantities of used 2-3/8, 2-7/8 & 3.5” pipe available.

24-ft Adjustable Alleyway

Rubber Tire Water Tanks 13-ft

750R: $6,800 1000E: $9,100 1500E: $11,500

(Constructed with 3/16-in plate)

1”x1.5” rectangular tubing | 13-ga | 7-rail | 130-lb | 68” tall x 10’8” long | chain latch | $208

Portable Panels All panels are constructed with 12 & 14ga 1.66” OD tubing 10-ft heavy

Montana Post Driver

Skidsteer Snow Buckets

1” & ¾” SCH 40 PIPE

Threaded & Coupled 21-ft lengths

W

NE

A lot more steel...too much to list - Call us for Surplus Angle Iron details!

Hedman, Inc. | 62 Hedman Drive | Grass Range, MT 59032

2x2x.120 & 2x3x.250 20-ft lengths

406.390.1110

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A6

Say you saw it in the Trader’s Dispatch

Optimize those last few irrigations

By Steve Melvin - Extension Educator Irrigated Cropping Systems and Crystal Powers - Research and Extension Communication Specialist, Nebraska Water Center

Dean Brandt Phil Gates (406) 899-4763 (406) 750-3071 office: (406) 268-9614 email: mtmtlfab@gmail.com

McMURRY CATTLE

Scheduling the last few irrigations of the season deserves extra attention because the goal is not only to focus on keeping the crop wet enough to produce optimal yields, but also on using up stored soil water. Leaving the field a little drier at the end of the season will save irrigation costs, decrease leaching losses, improve soil conditions for harvest traffic, and save water for future years.

Growers also don’t want to miss out on capturing off-season precipitation. Lowering the soil moisture level to 40% of plant available water in the top four feet will give about 2.4 inches of off-season water storage in sandy soils and about 5.5 inches in silt loam soils without lowering yields.

University of Nebraska Extension irrigation scheduling recommendations encourage irrigators to allow the crop to continue using more and more of the stored soil water starting in August and continuing into September when the crop matures (Figure 1). The recommendation is to lower the soil water level from the usual summer water condition of no less than 50% plant available water in the top three feet of soil to 40% in the top four feet after the R4 stage is reached — dough for corn, and end of pod elongation for soybean. Thus, the stored soil water content should be significantly lower when the crop matures in September than earlier in August.

Added Genetic Balance Trait And Carcass Value ONLY THE BEST SELL Private Treaty Bull Sales

HP 406 254 1247 Fred & Doreen McMurry Cell 406 697 4040 2027 Iris Lane mcmurrycattle@gmail.com Billings, MT 59102 www.mcmurrycattle.com

Montana Hereford Breeders Anchor Polled Herefords 406-467-2880, Vaughn, MT

Beery’s Land & Livestock Co

J Bar E Ranch

406-765-7068, Plentywood, MT

K & C Herefords

406-979-5720, Vida, MT www.beeryherefords.com

406-240-9301, Deer Lodge, MT

Brownell Polled Herefords

406-584-7571, Lindsay, MT

406-788-3242, Pendroy, MT dave.brownell51@gmail.com

Double Bit Herefords

406-293-8185, Libby, MT www.doublebitherefords.com

Feddes Herefords

Dan 406-570-1602, Manhattan, MT www.feddes.com

L Bar W Cattle Company

406-425-2484, Absarokee, MT www.lbarw.com

Figure 1a. Long-term daily average and individual year corn water use in Nebraska by growth stages and date. (UNL G1850)

K.L. Slagsvold Herefords McMurry Cattle

406-254-1247, Billings, MT www.mcmurrycattle.com

Sparks Herefords

406-778-2320, Plevna, MT www.sparksherefords.com

Thomas Herefords

406-544-1536, Gold Creek, MT

Wichman Herefords

406-350-3123, Moore, MT www.wichmanherefords.com

Figure 1b. Long-term daily average and individual year soybean water use in Nebraska by growth stages and date. (UNL G1367)

According to recent data, many fields are missing this opportunity to improve water use. These fields end the season with fairly wet soil with little to no storage room for off-season precipitation. Each year, the Upper Big Blue NRD requires each farmer in six high nitrate zones across the district to use soil water monitoring equipment in at least one irrigated field. The study analyzed data from the fields that used a Watermark system, which includes three sensors placed at different depths to represent the root zone of corn and soybeans, and a data logger to automatically record the data.

Using the 40% recommendation, the data shows many fields are applying more water late in the season than is needed. Some years, a significant rain can cause the soil

to be wetter in September, but it is usually due to applying more irrigation water after the middle of August than needed. The data shows that in 2017, 72% of fields were over-irrigated late in the season. Even in the drought year of 2022, 36% of fields were over-irrigated late in the year.

The data did not ask about late-season decision-making, but it could be because we are all creatures of habit. The irrigation routine is set in July when the plants are transpiring at their peak, the days are long, and the temperatures are high. Then, as the daylight hours shorten (by about three hours

by Aug. 20) and the temperatures get cooler in late summer, many keep irrigating at July levels even though crop water use CONTINUED ON PAGE A8

Nebraska Extension to host “Cow Clinics” A successful calving season does not begin at calving, rather it begins much earlier, with the management of the cow herd months prior. University of Nebraska Extension will be hosting “Cow Clinics” during the months of December and January to review some of the basic management factors that can lead to a successful calving and breeding season.

The cost to register is $20 per person. The first 20 producers who register at each location will receive instructions on how to receive a free forage test. To register for the “Cow Clinics” please contact the local UNL Extension office: December 19, 2023 – Valentine Livestock Auction, Valentine, NE Contact Ryan Benjamin, at 402-376-1850 or ryan.benjamin@unl.edu December 20, 2023 – Atkinson Livestock Market, Atkinson, NE Contact Steve Niemeyer, at 308-346-4200, 402-336-2760 or smiemeyer1@unl.edu January 9, 2024 – Beatrice 77 Livestock Sales, Beatrice, NE Contact Wayde Pickinpaugh, at 402-335-3669 or wayde. pickinpaugh@unl.edu January 10, 2024 – North Platte Stockyards, North Platte, NE Contact Randy Saner, at 308-532-2683 or randy.saner@ unl.edu The “Cow Clinics” will begin at 10:00 a.m. with registration and conclude at 2:00 p.m. The clinics will cover the how, when, and why of body condition scoring, teat and udder scoring, and forage sampling. Understanding a forage analysis and developing diets for the last trimester will also be a part of the program. A team of Extension Educators and Specialist will lead the discussion and hands-on demonstrations. ##### The Earth and Moon are tidally locked, with their rotations in sync. This means that even though the Moon rotates, we can only see one side.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A7

##### Q: Why does a milking stool only have 3 legs?

A: Because the cow has the utter. ##### Ben:“Dad, there is a hole in my shoe.”

Dad: “Yes, Ben, that’s where you put your foot.”

IRRIGATED ALFALFA HAY FOR SALE First, second and third cuttings 3x3, 3x4, and round bales

Delivery Available (406) 580-9764

www.MissouriRiverRealty.com email: missouririverrealty@yahoo.com

Malta 406-654-2273 • Glasgow 406-228-2273

155+/- acres SE of Zortman MT

This Unique acreage with spectacular scenery is located against the Little Rocky Mountains on the edge of Zortman, Montana. These 155+/- acres are an excellent setting for your dream cabin in the mountains to get away to or live year around. A great opportunity for investors who wish to subdivide.

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Camp Creek Acres near Zortman MT

Nestled near the charming town of Zortman, Montana, this 11.86acre parcel of land presents a remarkable canvas for those seeking to create their dream home or establish a serene vacation retreat.

Where the possibilities for adventure and relaxation are as boundless as the surrounding land-scape. Whether you’re drawn to a permanent residence or a seasonal getaways this parcel offers an exceptional opportunity to embrace the rustic and natural charm that defines the Montana experience.

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6 - 40 acre parcels - $2500 an acre - can be sold in 40 acre parcels

Discover the untamed beauty of Montana with these five untouched, undeveloped recreational lots, each boasting around 40 acres of pristine wilderness. Set amidst the unique landscape of the Missouri River Breaks, these lots offer a blank canvas for your outdoor dreams. These parcels are a rare opportunity to shape your own piece of paradise, surrounded by the rugged charm of canyons, coulees, roll-ing hills, and tree’s. Whether you’re drawn to hiking, camping, hunting or simply relishing the quietude of unspoiled landscapes, seize the opportunity to own a piece of this captivating and unique Montana terrain.

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We have very qualified buyers for Smaller Irrigated Places and/or Larger Ranches.

Give us a call TODAY and let us get your property SOLD!

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A8

Optimize those last few irrigations CONTINUED FROM PAGE A6

Made In Montana Sale February 3, 2024 Helena, MT

M4 Predictable 956G ASA# 3619117

for corn has gone from an average of two inches/week at silking to 1.25 inches/week at full dent (Figure 1). Other crops, including soybeans, have a similar dramatic drop in crop water use moving through August and into September.

The advantages to reducing soil water include saving money on pumping costs, leaving room to store the off-season precipitation, improving field conditions for harvest, saving water allocation, and reducing the potential for leaching nutrients like nitrate deeper into the profile. Even if your irrigation costs are only $10/ac-in, each inch reduction is worth about $1,300 for each quarter-section pivot. For example: A field of silt loam soil, if it is left at field capacity, is missing out on 5.5 inches of off-season storage, worth about $7,200 — not even accounting for the leaching loss of nutrients.

For most of Nebraska, adequate precipitation will be received from October through May to refill the soil profile on irrigated fields.

The Grand Island area gets about 14.2 inches during this timeframe and even in Scottsbluff, they still receive about 8.6 inches on average.

In addition, leaving the soil drier will help reduce harvest delays and compaction because of mud in wetter falls. For fields with water allocations or shallow aquifers, these water savings can be critical during multi-year droughts.

Reducing nitrate losses to groundwater is another key advantage of optimizing field management. Effective leaching reduction combines precision nutrient and water management. Residual nitrogen is at risk for loss when off-season moisture moves through the soil profile. So, the goal for each field is to match both the nitrogen and water needs for the crop.

So just how much water do we need to finish out the growing season? Table 2 gives you a good idea of the water needed based on crop growth stage. For more information, see

NebGuide G1871.

During the heart of the irrigation season, we recommend keeping the available soil water level above 50% of plant available water. To do this, we recommend irrigating as the soil water level approaches 65% of plant available water. This will allow a few days for the irrigation to be completed before the crop experiences any stress. As we near the end of the season, we can push the threshold to 40% of plant available water.

Corn at the beginning dent stage needs five inches of water to reach maturity (Table 2).

Using the silt loam soil from above, the example field would have enough water to reach maturity and have an estimated 0.3 inches to spare if the corn is beginning to dent now (5.3 – 5.0 = 0.3 inches). The loamy sand, at field capacity, would have 2.6 inches available above the 40% (60% depletion) level. This field would need an additional 2.4 inches of water to reach maturity.

One thing to note is that the time needed for corn to mature is dependent on growing degree days. If corn needs five inches of water to reach maturity and we receive some hot windy days in late August, the corn will still only use five inches — it will just finish up a few days quicker.

In contrast, soybean maturity is dependent on day length. Because soybeans may use more or less water than the averages listed in the table, and because it may be difficult to determine the actual correct growth stage, it is important to continue to monitor soil water until maturity.

This is where tools such as an ET gage and soil water sensors come into play. An ET gage will give you potential crop water use and the soil water sensors will give you an idea of how much water is stored in the soil profile.

Then you will be able to determine how much water the crop will need in either irrigation or precipitation to finish out the year.

Schooley Standout 27G AS# 3585120

Watch for heifers and bulls out of these two sires.

Plus bulls and heifers sired by Due North, KG Justified, Sitz Alliance 6595, Great Western, and Kesslers Commodore 6516.

Open and bred females always available for sale.

Prickly Pear Simmental Ranch Troy Wheeler 406-949-1754 Gary Burnham 406-439-2360 Email: ppsranch@gmail.com Website: www.pricklypearsimmental.com

Crossword Puzzle Day Always observed on December 21st Crossword puzzles were created and published on this day in 1913. It was published in the New York World newspaper.

Arthur Wynne is credited with creating the modern crossword puzzle. These puzzles became so popular, that competitions were held, to see who was the fastest to complete them correctly.

Did You Know? Doing crossword puzzles daily is good for memory and mind health. It helps to fight against dementia. Also, you can use it to learn new words and facts.

Most people who don’t know an answer will research it, and, that expands your brain.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A9

follow us @Hill 70 Quantock Ranch Ltd.

hill70_Tradersdec.indd 1

12/1/2023 9:15:32 AM

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A10

Why are red and green associated with Christmas?

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Christmas is the time of year where we celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ, but over the decades it has become more about exchanging gifts and spending time with our family and friends.

There are simple associations that make us think of these colors, Santa’s suit is red and a Christmas tree is green.

But the use of these two colors stems back further.

In Christianity, it is taught that the red represents the blood of Jesus when he was crucified, and the green represents the eternal life of Jesus like an evergreen tree.

Some people claim it comes from holly bushes, with their red berries and dark green leaves as they thrive at that time of year.

Holly bushes are used to make wreaths that we hang on our front doors during the holiday season so they are a popular image at this time of year.

There are many links and stories that are claimed to be the reason for the color choices at Christmas.

Some people believe that the colors have come from more commercial influences.

Where did the color red originate in association with Christmas?

Red candle on a Christmas tree branch.

Although red has been a prominent color used at Christmas, it is said that Coca-Cola was the one who made it a dominant color.

In 1931 Coca-Cola advertisements became more popular in magazines, especially when approaching the holidays.

One of the first advertisements was commissioned to illustrator Haddon Sundblom, with the instructions of creating an advertisement with Santa Claus drinking Coca-Cola.

Sundblom wanted to create an image of the real Santa, rather than of someone dressed as Santa.

This was a turning point in history because the illustration of Santa was so lifelike that it became the image representation of the real Father Christmas.

Santa wore red and from then on, Coca-Cola has continued to advertise with its red branding and hence becoming an associated color of Christmas.

Why did the color green become associated with Christmas?

White snowflakes on a green background.

The association of green at Christmas doesn’t have quite a significant defining moment like the color red.

Many associations point back to the flora and concept of bringing an evergreen tree into the home around Christmas time.

The first documentation of bringing a tree into the home is in Roman culture when they celebrated Saturnalia.

This was to honor the God Saturn and was celebrated from December 17 to 23.

Traditions involved decorating the home with holly and evergreen trees, which would be decorated with small figures.

This is one of the oldest examples of trees being brought inside during the winter to decorate the home.

The color green is widely associated with Christmas because we decorate our homes with trees, holly, and mistletoe.

What other colors were used at Christmas in history?

Traditional Christmas items like Christmas hat and candy canes and Christmas tree decorations.

Victorian Christmas cards show that various combinations of colors were paired when it came to Christmas.

Victorian cards use color combinations like red and green, red and blue, blue and green, blue and white.

Original decorations would have come from natural elements found at that time of year across the flora and fauna, which had an array of colors.

Many are still reflected at Christmas today such as snow, icicles, robins, holly, and mistletoe.

Santa Claus was even depicted wearing different colored suits, from red to green and blue.

It wasn’t until 1931 when Christmas started to become more of a commercial holiday and this is when green and red became the defining colors.

Like other holidays, Christmas has its traditions and associations.

Some are more recent than others but red and green have been the colors of Christmas for hundreds of years.

It would seem that due to the commercialization of the holiday, it has resulted in these two colors becoming the most prominent at Christmas.

Much like orange and black at Halloween, red and green have stuck as being the representational colors of that time of year.

USDA to begin issuing billions through critical emergency relief programs

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A11

Nebraska Brand For Sale Cherry, Thomas, Blaine, Custer, Sioux, Morrill, and Washington counties.

Cattle: Right shoulder, rib, hip

The U.S. Department of Agriculture FSA is closing out Phase Two of the (USDA) announced that it will begin issuing Emergency Relief Program (ERP) through Phone (208) 303-0842 more than $1.75 billion in emergency relief the delivery of more than $1.17 billion in payments to eligible farmers and livestock crop disaster assistance payments to producproducers. These much-needed payments ers of eligible crops who suffered losses, are helping farming and ranching operations measured through decreases in revenue, recover following natural disasters in 2020, due to qualifying natural disaster events that 2021 and 2022. occurred in calendar years 2020 and 2021.

“USDA provides substantial economic ERP Phase Two was intended primarily for support for America’s farmers and ranchproducers of crops that were not covered by ers through its critical farm program payfederal crop insurance or FSA’s Noninsured ments. These payments are reflective of Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP). the incredible and cumulative financial hits Previously, through ERP Phase one, FSA brought on by devastating natural disasters staff processed more than 300,000 applicathat agricultural producers nationwide have tions and paid an estimated 217,000 eligible endured while fulfilling their commitment producers more than $7.4 billion. to produce our food, fiber and fuel,” said Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack. “This ##### additional assistance helps offset the trePerigee is where the Moon is closest to mendous losses that these producers faced the Earth at 225,700 miles (363,300 km). and is a valuable investment, not only for The Moon appears much larger at this disfarmers and ranchers but in the economic tance and is called a supermoon.

Brandt 874 grain cart, new tires, new tarp, hydraulic successes of our communities – rural and ##### hopper mover, hydraulic winch................... $12,500 urban – and in our nation’s food security On the other hand, the Moon is farthest Brandt 13”x70-ft. grain auger......................... $13,000 for generations to come.”

Used tractor tires 18.4R46 and 18.4R38. from the Earth at Apogee, which is 252,000 Emergency Livestock Relief Program miles (405,500 km) away.

At this distance, it FSA will issue more than $581 million Call 406-263-5563, Glasgow, MT appears smaller and is called a micromoon. in 2021 and 2022 drought and wildfire emergency relief to eligible ranchers.

FSA is closing out the Emergency Livestock Relief Program (ELRP) for losses suffered in 2021. ELRP Phase Two payments are estimated at $115.7 million.

Ranchers who lost grazing acres due to drought and wildfire and received assistance through ELRP Phase One will soon receive an additional payment through ELRP Phase Two. This second payment will be equal to 20% of the 2021 gross ELRP Phase One payment.

ELRP Phase Two payments to producers will be automatic with no application required. In April 2022, FSA staff processed more than 100,000 payments through ELRP Phase One and paid eligible ranchers more than $600 million for 2021 grazing losses.

In 2022, ranchers continued to experience significant loss of grazing acres due to drought and wildfire. To help mitigate these losses, eligible ranchers Annual Production Sale will receive ELRP disaster assistance payments for increases in supplemental feed costs. To expedite pay1pm at the Ranch Hingham, MT ments, determine producer 14504 Road 6 North eligibility and calculate the ELRP 2022 payment, FSA is using livestock inventories Offering sons by and drought-affected forage acreage or restricted animal Mohnen Prince TEF Validate 042 A A R Load Up J277 units and grazing days due to Deer Valley Growth Fund S Wrangler 830 wildfire already reported to FSA by ranchers when they submitted their Livestock Forage Disaster Program applications. ELRP payments for 2022 losses are estimated at $465.4 million David Sattoriva Family We Believe the H: 406-397-3386 and will be automatic with C: 406-390-1471 Mother Cow Matters no application required.

E: whistlingwindsangus@gmail.com Emergency Relief Program Phase Two

ITEMS FOR SALE

www.WhistlingWindsAngus.com

2024

Monday, March 18

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A12

The deadline for advertising in the January 2024 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be December 27th.

Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

Service & Parts for All Makes, Models & Brands

RPH Irrigation Services Limited PO Box 1201, 4056 HWY 89 • Choteau, MT 59422 • PH: 406-466-2242 • FAX: 406-466-5242 Jordan Ratliff, Manager/Sales 406-799-4746

Crop residue considerations

By Sarah A Sivits, Dawson/Buffalo/Hall County Nebraska Extension Some producers prefer to graze their crop residue each winter as it helps reduce volunteer corn/soybeans, provides a source of feed for livestock, and—as a result—manure for next year’s crop. Common concerns associated with grazing residue include compaction, trampling that negatively impacts soil physical properties, yield loss in the subsequent crop, erosion potential, and impacts on the soil microbial community. Research has shown that compaction is rarely an issue across an entire field but may be more of an issue in areas where cattle tend to congregate (i.e., around a water tank or tree lines). The natural freeze/thaw and wetting/drying cycles in the winter months typically mitigate these risks in the upper two inches (2”) of the soil profile.

It’s important to monitor how much residue is being removed and how wet fields are during grazing as it can cause some field roughness in areas that could impact planting next spring. Corn residue, for example, is a good feed source as cattle are selective grazers that will focus on left over corn, then husks, leaves, and finally stalks. However, the goal is to make sure cattle are moved prior to grazing the stalks too heavily as the nutritional value is not as high compared to other parts of the plant.

To reduce the risk of consuming high levels of nitrates, do not force cattle to eat the lower parts (i.e., 8-12” from the soil line) of the stalks where nitrate levels are typically highest.

It’s always a good idea to turn cattle out with something in their belly to avoid nitrate toxicity.

When moving fields, it might be a good idea to see if nitrates are higher or lower than what they just came from to help with acclimation. Protein supplement may also be needed depending on if these are dry cows, bred cows, or heifers.

While there are numerous benefits to grazing, there’s a lot of considerations too and each producer needs to consider what works best for their operation.

Finally, while many producers have cattle, some do not, which makes grazing difficult to incorporate into their operation.

The Crop Residue Exchange website allows producers with land to connect with producers that have cattle. This website also includes a lease agreement template, stocking rate tools, and crop residue grazing rates. For more information, please reference the website here: https://cropresidueexchange.unl.edu/.

Annual Crop Production Update

NEW HEADACHE RACK DESIGN: 4” WIDE, LOUVERED, STRIP LIGHTING AND BACK-LIT NAME BADGE 3.5” SQUARE TUBING ARMS ON ALL MODELS 8” LONGER ARMS ON SINGLE WHEEL BEDS COMPREHENSIVE LED BED LIGHTING FULL LINE OF ACCESSORIES 3 FORMS OF CONTROL

The Northwestern Ag Research Center will hold its annual Winter Crop Production Update at the Hilton Garden Inn in Kalispell, MT, featuring speakers from across the state on the following topics: Managing elite spring wheat cultivars in Montana: Dr. Jessica Torrion, Northwestern Ag Research Center-MSU Management and control of insect pests in cereal crops of Montana: Dr. Tiziana Oppedisano, Western Triangle Ag Research Center-MSU Winter barley for Montana, making a dream a reality: Joe Jensen, Plant Science and Plant Genetics-MSU Why didn’t my pesticide work effectively?: Dr. Cecil Tharp, Animal and Range Sciences-MSU Managing resistant weeds in Montana’s cropping systems: Dr. Tim Seipel, Land Resources and Environmental Sciences-MSU Climate trends and predictions in western Montana: Dr. Zach Miller, Western Ag Research Center-MSU RSVP is required by January 8, 2024 Email nwarc@montana.edu or call (406) 755-4303 Pesticide applicator credits and CCAs/CEU are available. ##### Tim decided to tie the knot with his long time girlfriend.

One evening, after the honeymoon, he was organizing his golfing equipment. His wife was standing nearby watching him. After a long period of silence she finally speaks: “Tim, I’ve been thinking, now that we’re married maybe it’s time you quit golfing. You spend so much time on the course. You could probably get a good price for your clubs.”

Tim gets this horrified look on his face.

She says, “Darling, what’s wrong?”

“For a minute there you were beginning to sound like my ex-wife.”

“Ex-wife!” she screams, “I didn’t know you were married before!”

“I wasn’t,” he replied.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A13

DUMP TRAILERS *2024 Southland dump trailer, 82” x 16-ft., 20k GVW, electric brakes, LED lighting, ramps, tarp, spreader gate, stabilizer jacks, spare tire, hydraulic jack. Stock #89564..........................................................$18,950 2024 Southland dump trailer, 82” x 14-ft., 14K GVWR, electric brakes, LED lighting, ramps, tarp, 12V hydraulic pump, 110V trickle charger, spare tire. Stock #91637..............................................................$9,500 2024 Southland dump trailer, 5-ft. x 10-ft., 7K GVW, dual cylinder, ramps, tarp, spare tire. Stock #91429..... .............................................................................................................................................................$6,350 2024 Lamar 83” x 14-ft. DL – 14K low-pro dump bumper pull, 12” center-to-center crossmembers, 3-way 12v DC pump, default remote, mesh tarp with pull bar wiring, LED package. Stock# 23021...................$12,750 2023 Norstar Ironbull deckover dump trailer, 96” x 14-ft., 14K GVWR, electric brakes, LED lighting, ramps, tarp, 110v trickle charger. Stock# 82776............................................................................................$12,250

OPEN/UTILITY TRAILERS 2024 GR car trailer, 82”x18-ft. 7K car hauler with 5” frame, dove tail, slide in ramps, 2 - 3,500 lbs. axles; 1-brake & 1-idler, tare weight: 2,178 lbs. Stock #01635........................................................................................$4,500 *2024 Cargo Pro aluminum utility trailer, 72” x 10-ft., RW 2.0, wood deck, 2” ball hitch, 4-ft. laydown gate, LED lighting. Stock # 45026.............................................................................................................................$3,650 2024 Lamar car trailer, 10K GVW, 83” x 20-ft. CC – 10K car hauler, bumper pull, 5.2k EZ lube idler spring axle & electric brake spring axle, 2-ft. dove, pair of slide-in ramps. Stock #24982..........................................$6,150 2023 Lamar equipment trailer, 102” x 22-ft., 14K GVW, electric brakes, 2-5/16” adjustable coupler, 4-ft. dovetail and full width ramps, drive over fenders. Stock# 21317...........................................................................$9,250 2023 GR utility trailer, 82” x 14-ft., 7K GVW, electric brakes, LED lighting, 5K jack, 2” bulldog style coupler, pipe top railing, 4-ft. ramp gate, pine deck. Stock# 10378...............................................................................$4,350

STOCK TRAILERS *2024 GR gooseneck stock trailer, 6-ft. 8”x 24-ft. 14K gooseneck stock trailer with nose, metal roof, closed sides, wood floor with 5 runners, slide gate in the back cut gate, full swing with half slide tail gate. Stock #01667........................................................................................................$17,950 2024 GR 6-ft. 8” x 32-ft., 21k GVWR, gooseneck stock trailer with nose, metal roof, closed sides, and 3 - 7,000 lbs. Drop spring brake axles, tare weight: 7,260 lbs. Stock #00143.............$25,350 2023 Travalong stock trailer, 6-ft. 8” x 24’-ft., 50” access door, sloped nose, solid center gate, wood floor. Stock# 32258..............................................................................................................$21,950 2023 GR half top stock trailer, 6-ft. 8” x 20-ft. 14k gooseneck, half top with nose, cowboy sides, 5 runners under the wood floor, 2 cut gates. Stock #03359...................................................$17,750 2023 GR 6ft. 8” x 20-ft. 14K gooseneck stock trailer with nose, metal roof, closed sides, and 2 7,000 lbs. torsion brake axles, full swing with half slide tail gate. Stock #09983.................$15,450 2022 GR stock trailer, 6-ft. 8” x 16-ft. 14K bumper pull stock trailer with full metal roof, slide gate in the cut gate, full swing with half slide tail gate. Stock #12054............................................. $11,350

FLATBED TRAILERS 2023 Delco X-ON gooseneck deck-over flatbed trailer, 20K low-pro dual tandem flatbed 102” x 36-ft., Stock# 30055........................................................................................................................ $18,500 2024 Lamar gooseneck flatbed trailer, 102” x 32-ft. 20K deck-over, 10K electric brake spring axles, regular height neck & coupler, front toolbox, 5-ft. dove, pair of Rhino ramps Stock# 23252.............. .............................................................................................................................................. $16,950 2023 Delco gooseneck equipment trailer/car hauler, 102” x 26-ft., 14K GVW, 2 5/16 gooseneck coupler Stock# 27802................................................................................................................. $11,650 *2024 Lamar gooseneck equipment trailer, 83” x 24-ft. H8, 7K EZ lube electric brake spring axle(s), dual 10k drop-leg jacks, front toolbox, 2-ft. dove, pair of slide-in ramps. Stock #23570....... $11,450

CARGO TRAILERS

*2024 GR gooseneck cargo trailer, 8-ft. X 24-ft., 14k GVW, 7-ft. tall with V-nose enclosed, rear ramp door, and 2 - 7,000 lbs. straight spring brake axles. Stock #00488.......................................................................................................$20,950 2024 Royal Cargo by Southland trailer, 8.5-ft. x 24-ft., 10K GVW, electric brakes, 7-ft. 2” interior height, LED lighting, 16” on center wall stud, flat front Stock# 91082.....................................................................................................$12,950 2024 Stealth aluminum cargo trailer, 7.5-ft. x 16-ft., spread torsion axles, aluminum wheels, 7k GVW, electric brakes, LED lighting, 7-ft. 1” interior height. Stock #45002.........................................................................................................$12,350

2024 Criterion cargo trailer, 6-ft. x 12-ft., single drop axle, ramp door, RV style side access door,, 6-ft. 6” interior height, V-nose, LED lighting. Stock #03376.........................................................................................................................$5,650 2023 Stealth aluminum car trailer, 8-ft. x 28-ft., 10K GVW, premium LED lighting, 6-ft. 10” interior height, 3/8 water resistant walls, 3/4” water resistant floor, Stock# 43179 ...............................................................................................$25,650

Trailers. It’s What We Do.

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VIEW OUR WEBSITE FOR MORE PHOTOS!

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A14

The deadline for advertising for the January 2024 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be December 27th.

BUYING GOLD, SILVER, GUNS AND AMMO IN CENTRAL MONTANA

(406) 590-4559 Safeguard Your Family’s Health

Concerned about your family’s health and Safety?

Modern farming and ranching face challenges with environmental toxins in our air, water, and soil, affecting even our youngest. Protect your legacy. Learn how to safeguard your family from harmful chemicals like lead and mercury.

Brenda has the insights and solutions Text Brenda at 509-302-8888 for practical, down-to-earth advice.

Recipe Patch by Geri

Minty Avocado Christmas Cookies 2-1/2 cups all-purpose flour 1 tsp baking powder 1/2 tsp baking soda 1 tsp salt 1 cup pureed avocado (about 2 small avocados) 1/2 cup unsalted butter, softened 1 cup packed brown sugar 1/2 cup sugar 2 large eggs, room temperature 1-1/2 tsp mint extract 1 cup semisweet chocolate chips 1 package (10 ounces) Andes crème de menthe baking chips 2 drops green food coloring, optional

Preheat oven to 350°. In large bowl, sift flour, baking powder, baking soda and salt; set aside.

In another large bowl, cream avocado, butter and sugars. Add eggs and mint extract. Gradually add flour mixture to creamed mixture, beating well; stir in semisweet and Andes chips. Add green food coloring if desired.

Drop by tablespoonfuls on parchmentlined baking sheets. Bake until edges start to brown, 10-12 minutes. Cool on pans 2 minutes, remove to wire racks to cool completely.

Chocolate Sandwich Cookies 2 packages devil’s food cake mix 3/4 cup canola oil 1/4 cup unsweetened applesauce 4 large eggs, room temperature 1 tsp mint extract, divided filling: 1 package (8 ounces) cold cream cheese 2-1/2 cups confectioners’ sugar Red or green paste food coloring Crushed peppermint candies, optional Preheat oven to 350°. In a large bowl, combine cake mix, oil, applesauce, eggs and 1/2 teaspoon extract until well blended. Roll

into 1-in. balls. Place 2 in. apart on parchment-lined baking sheets. Do not flatten.

Bake until set, 8-10 minutes. Cool 5 minutes before removing to wire racks (cookies will flatten as they cool).

In a small bowl, beat cream cheese until fluffy. Gradually beat in sugar and remaining 1/2 teaspoon mint extract until smooth.

If desired, beat in food coloring. Spread filling on the flat side of half of the cookies, top with remaining cookies. If desired, roll edge in crushed candies.

Candy Cane Snowballs 2 cups butter, softened 1 cup confectioners’ sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 3-1/2 cups all-purpose flour 1 cup chopped pecans 8 ounces white candy coating, melted 1/3 to 1/2 cup crushed peppermint candies Cream butter and confectioners’ sugar until light and fluffy, 5-7 minutes. Beat in vanilla.

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Gradually beat in flour. Stir in pecans. Refrigerate, covered, until firm enough to shape, 3-4 hours.

Preheat oven to 350°. Shape dough into 1-in. balls. Place 2 in. apart on ungreased baking sheets.

Bake until lightly browned, about 15 minutes.

Remove from pans to wire racks; cool completely.

Dip tops of cookies into candy coating, allowing excess to drip off; dip into crushed candies.

Let stand until set.

Oatmeal Apple Toffee Cookies 1 cup unsalted butter, softened 2/3 cup sugar 2/3 cup packed light brown sugar 2 large eggs, room temperature 3 tsp vanilla extract 2 cups all-purpose flour 2 cups quick-cooking oats 2-1/2 tsp ground cinnamon 1 tsp salt 1 tsp baking soda 1 tsp baking powder 2 medium apples, finely chopped 1 cup toffee bits icing: 2 cups confectioners’ sugar 3 Tbls heavy whipping cream 2 Tbls water 1 tsp ground cinnamon Preheat oven to 375°. In a large bowl, cream butter and sugars until light and fluffy, 5-7 minutes. Beat in eggs and vanilla. In another bowl, whisk flour, oats, cinnamon, kosher salt, baking soda and baking powder; gradually beat into creamed mixture. Fold in apples and toffee bits.

Drop dough by tablespoonfuls 2 in. apart onto parchmentlined baking sheets. Bake until golden brown, 10-12 minutes.

Cool on pans 2 minutes before removing to wire racks to cool completely. Combine icing ingredients, drizzle over cooled cookies. Let stand until set. ##### Each year on July 20, we celebrate the Moon with International Moon Day.

##### Spider’s webs are traditional Polish Christmas decorations, as the spiders wove a blanket for Jesus.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A15

NH Bale Wagons & Retrievers FOR SALE & WILL PURCHASE

Sod Buster Sales, Inc.’s Farm Equipment Finding Service — Phone (406) 883-2118

Wild Horse Seeds would like to take this time to thank all our friends and customers for their continued support throughout the year.

During the busy times we share, we do not always have time to let you know how much we appreciate your business.

From Brad, Janet, Dustin, Renelle and the staff at Wild Horse Seeds, we would like to wish you a very Merry Christmas and a prosperous New Year.

We will be at the MAGIE January 17, 18, & 19 - 2024 Great Falls, MT CERTIFIED SEED PLANT Specializing In: Cereal Grains, Grasses, Legumes

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1 mile north of Havre on Highway 232 Landon Connors, Glacier County 4-Her, examined a fleece to learn about wool quality during a 4-H wool judging workshop at the McCauley ranch near Ethridge, MT. Photo by Kari Lewis.

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Call Us For All Your Spring Seeding Needs For sales information call Brad Ruhkamp, Renelle Ruhkamp or Dustin Ruhkamp.

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A16

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Recognizing hepatic lipidosis in llamas and alpacas

By Robert J. Van Saun, Extension veterinarian, PSU [NEFA]), liver dysfunction (bile acids, Excessive accumulation of fat in liver sorbitol dehydrogenase [SDH], gammacells (i.e., hepatocytes) is a disease process glutamyl transferase [GGT]), and muscle termed hepatic lipidosis, fatty infiltration, damage (creatine kinase [CK], aspartate or fatty liver and is associated with welltransaminase [AST]) were consistently known disease syndromes in cats, cows, elevated. Elevated concentrations of blood sheep, goats, ponies, and humans. Although lipids (lipemia) and ketones (ketonemia, there are differences in conditions that initimeasured as beta-hydroxybutyrate [BHB]) ate hepatic lipidosis between these species, were not consistently associated with hea common theme is a period of inadequate patic lipidosis in this retrospective study energy intake (i.e., negative energy balance population compared to other literature [NEB]) initiating body fat mobilization. reports. Low total protein, but not low Unfortunately for llamas and alpacas, the blood urea nitrogen, was also a common disease outcome is nearly fatal in all cases clinical finding in affected animals. These if not recognized and aggressively treated data suggest similarities in the pathogenesis early in disease development. of hepatic lipidosis in camelids to other Hepatic lipidosis in llamas and alpacas species and not just ruminants. has not been frequently reported in the Diagnostic Indicators veterinary literature, but is increasingly Since a history of recent anorexia or recognized in cases of camelid illness and weight loss was the most common factor death. A large majority of cases submitted in the naturally-occurring cases of camelid to veterinary diagnostic laboratories report hepatic lipidosis, a feed-restriction model some degree of fatty liver infiltration in was used in an attempt to mimic this conllamas and alpacas submitted for necropsy. dition.2 Blood samples and liver biopsies Whether hepatic lipidosis was the primary were obtained regularly throughout the lesion causing the death of the animal, or study to determine physiologic response a secondary lesion to some other disease and potential onset of disease. Feed restricprocess is not always clear. Veterinarians tion ended when there was any indication and owners are becoming aware of the in blood work, biopsy, or clinical signs of serious nature of this problem and seeking the onset of hepatic lipidosis. ways to treat when recognized or prevent it To induce metabolic changes consistent entirely. Many owners have a horror story with hepatic lipidosis, mature grass forage to tell about the loss of one or more females (< 8% crude protein) was fed at a rate of to this disease. In this column I will review 0.25% of body weight. Most camelids will the current state of knowledge about hepatic eat between 1.2 and 1.5% of body weight at lipidosis in camelids and provide some maintenance. Fifty percent (5 of 10) of the background to its cause and early recognillamas developed hepatic lipidosis to some tion. A second column will detail treatment degree based on histologic (liver biopsy) and prevention practices. evaluation. No animals became depressed Characterizing Hepatic Lipidosis or recumbent. All llamas in the study on Using liver biopsy specimens, a retroaverage lost over 15% of body weight. spective study identified 31 confirmed cases Llamas that developed hepatic lipidosis of hepatic lipidosis in llamas and alpacas tended to have greater body weight loss in submitted to Oregon State University Vetthe first week and younger crias (less than erinary Diagnostic Laboratory. This study 7 weeks) if they were lactating. revealed a predominately middle aged, Blood tests showed expected increases pregnant or lactating female population to in liver enzymes in those that developed be affected.1 In contrast to other species, hepatic lipidosis, but not in those that simmales accounted for 22.6% of the cases and ply lost weight. This is important in telling age ranged from 5 months to 18 years. This us that our blood indicators of liver disis very different demographics of affected ease (bile acids, AST, GGT, and SDH) are animals compared to the disease process relatively specific in llamas. All llamas had seen in cattle, sheep and goats. In these elevated concentrations of NEFA indicating cases there were no significant associanegative energy balance and fat mobilizations with any infectious, parasitic, or toxic tion. There was no significant difference causative agent. A number of case reports in NEFA concentration between affected on hepatic lipidosis in camelids were in and unaffected animals; however, mean association with tick paralysis.

NEFA concentration was maintained above The most common factor documented 1 mEq/L in affected animals. Llamas with in histories from these affected camelids hepatic lipidosis had significantly higher was recent significant loss of appetite or mean BHB concentrations (10.24 mg/dl) severe weight loss. This period of not eatthan did non-affected llamas (0.92 mg/dl), ing or weight loss varied from a couple of indicating abnormal liver fat metabolism. days to several weeks. The whole spectrum This is a curious finding as camelids are not of body condition scores (thin to obese) particularly ketogenic given their naturally were represented in the affected group of high blood glucose concentration. Case animals. In some cases, there were other reports are mixed as to whether or not kemedical problems, such as diarrhea, evident tosis was present in affected animals. Even around the time the condition developed. with elevated ketones, the concentration in In other cases, there were changes in soaffected llamas is not nearly as high as comcial or environmental conditions such as monly observed in ketotic cows, sheep, and uncharacteristic hot weather or movement goats. This is an important point as most of animals in or out of certain pastures or veterinarians working with farm animals pens. Some llamas were reported to be would not consider the BHB concentrations clinically normal less than 24 hours before in the affected animals to be of concern being found ill or dead. and might miss the diagnosis. Definitive Examination of blood values for the diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis is only acaffected animals showed that most had complished by microscopic or analytical elevations in enzymes that indicate liver measurement of fat content of liver biopsy disease. These are not, however, specific specimens, though some key diagnostic for hepatic lipidosis and may be increased blood parameters are useful supportive with any cause of liver disease. Biochemifindings (Table 1). cal measures associated with negative energy balance (nonesterified fatty acids CONTINUED ON PAGE A17

Recognizing hepatic lipidosis in llamas and alpacas CONTINUED FROM PAGE A16

Further research at Oregon State University on the unique aspects of glucose metabolism in llamas and alpacas might help explain their propensity for this disease. Unlike other ruminant animals, llamas and alpacas maintain higher blood glucose concentration (85-100 mg/dl), similar to that of nonruminant animals. Given the type of diet consumed by llamas and alpacas, this ability to maintain and greatly increase blood glucose concentrations when stressed was a puzzle. Research suggests llamas and alpacas become “insulin resistant” as they age, somewhat similar to becoming a diabetic.3,4 Insulin is a key metabolic regulator not only for blood glucose, but also fat mobilization. With insulin resistance, body cells will not utilize glucose efficiently while fat cells can more readily mobilize stored fat for use as an alternative energy source. This metabolic scenario would result in more rapid fat mobilization during periods of negative energy balance. Further research is needed to better understand underlying metabolic issues in normal and hepatic lipidosis affected animals and the potential role of insulin.

To summarize, camelids of a variety of ages, gender, body condition, and reproductive status are susceptible to development of hepatic lipidosis. Conditions that place increased energy demands, such as pregnancy and lactation, increase potential risk for hepatic lipidosis. Factors such as social and environmental stressors and other disease conditions ##### Have you ever noticed how beautiful the Moon looks at night? The Moon’s beauty is the stuff of legend, central to many ancient traditions and religions. ##### In modern science, though, we’re more interested in unraveling what the Moon is made of and how it interacts with our home planet.

appear to also predispose camelids to loss of appetite and weight thus potentially predisposing them to accumulation of fat in the liver. Blood metabolites can be used to identify risk (NEFA for fat mobilization) and potential disease presence (elevated liver enzymes). The next column will address treatment and prevention approaches to hepatic lipidosis.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A17

ALL I WANT IS MELTON ALFALFA! MSU Bozeman’s latest Certified Alfalfa Seed Release Also available: Shaw, Wrangler, Ladak

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A18

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Hunters urged to practice biosecurity this season

Positive cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) are being reported in domestic poultry flocks across North Dakota. The risk of transmission from wild birds to domestic birds has increased with a slow in migration due to the mild temperatures.

Wild birds and some mammals are testing positive for HPAI. Hunters who have contact with domestic poultry should be aware of what steps to take if they see sick or deceased wildlife, advise North Dakota State University Extension specialists.

“If you hunt game or wild birds and own domestic poultry, do not wear hunting clothes or footwear while you are in with your birds,” says Miranda Meehan, NDSU Extension livestock environmental stewardship specialist. “Infected birds shed bird flu viruses in their saliva, mucous and feces.”

“The primary carriers of avian influenza A are waterfowl, gulls, terns and shorebirds,” says Dr. Gerald Stokka, NDSU Extension veterinarian and livestock stewardship specialist.

“H5N1 HPAI has been detected in wild birds throughout all U.S. migratory flyways. Wild birds can be infected without showing symptoms of the infection. While waterfowl are the primary carriers, positive cases are being documented in predatory birds and mammals.”

All poultry owners, no matter the size, should practice good biosecurity to protect their flock from HPAI. “The best defense against HPAI is having a biosecurity plan in place,” says Mary Keena, NDSU Extension livestock environmental management specialist. “It is your job as a flock owner to create a line of separation between your clean flock and the potentially unclean issues that wildlife or visitors may bring.”

Biosecurity practices that can reduce the risk to domestic birds include: Do not haul disease home. If you’ve been out walking in fields or wetlands while hunting, be sure to change clothing and footwear before crossing the clean/dirty line to care for your flock.

Do not walk or drive trucks, tractors or equipment through areas where waterfowl or other wildlife feces may be. If you cannot avoid this, clean your shoes, vehicles and equipment thoroughly to prevent transferring disease.

Field dress game birds when possible to reduce the potential for disease transfer.

Dogs are not at high risk to contract the virus. However, there have been documented cases of dogs transmitting HPAI to domestic flocks. If your dog has interacted with wildlife, take measures to keep them away from poultry.

If visitors will be interacting with your birds, make sure you know where they have been, require them to wash their hands, and ensure their clothes and footwear are clean and disinfected.

Reduce the attractiveness for wild birds to stop at your place by cleaning up litter and spilled feed around poultry housing areas.

If you have free range guinea fowl and waterfowl, consider bringing them into coops or flight pens under nets to prevent interaction of domesticated poultry with wild birds and their droppings.

Non-lethal methods to deter wildlife are available on the U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Damage webpage: https://bit.ly/deter-wild-birds.

Avian influenza surveillance and testing in wild birds is being done by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the North Dakota Game and Fish Department.

Report sick and dead wildlife at https://bit.ly/mortalityreport. Direct wild bird avian influenza questions to the North Dakota Game and Fish Department at 701-204-2161.

Avian influenza is a zoonotic disease, meaning there is a chance it can be transferred to humans.

“While this risk is low, hunters of wild birds are more likely to have increased exposure to the virus, which may increase risk of infection,” says Mary Keena, NDSU Extension livestock environmental management specialist.

“According to the CDC, if you must handle wild birds or sick or dead poultry, minimize direct contact by wearing gloves and washing your hands with soap and water after touching birds,” says Dr. Stokka. “If available, wear respiratory protection such as a medical facemask. After handling wild birds, discard the gloves and facemask, change your clothing, disinfect footwear, and then wash your hands with soap and water.”

The North Dakota Game and Fish Department suggests the following practices to reduce risk of infection: CONTINUED ON PAGE A20

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A19

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A20

HAY & STRAW FOR SALE Fairfield hay and straw in round bales.

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Hunters urged to practice biosecurity this season CONTINUED FROM PAGE A18

Do not handle game that is found dead or appears to be sick.

Do not eat, drink or smoke while cleaning game, and avoid contamination of your eyes, mouth, nose, or any open cuts or sores with blood or other fluids from game that you are cleaning.

Wash hands, cleaning utensils and other surfaces with soap and hot water immediately after cleaning game.

“There is no evidence that anyone has contracted the virus from eating a fully cooked bird, either domestic or wild,” says Julie Garden-Robinson, NDSU Extension food and nutrition specialist. “It is always a safe practice to fully cook wild game to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, regardless of whether there is a threat of HPAI.” More information about wild birds is available from: NDSU Extension: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza – ag/hpai NDSU Extension: Care and Handling of Game Birds – ag/gamebirds North Dakota Game and Fish – https://bit.ly/nd-avianinfluenza USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service – https://bit.ly/usda-hpai ##### A tough old cowboy from Texas counseled his granddaughter that if she wanted to live a long life, the secret was to sprinkle a pinch of gun powder on her oatmeal every morning.

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She left behind 14 children, 30 grandchildren, 45 greatgrandchildren, 25 great-great-grandchildren, and a 40-foot hole where the crematorium used to be. ##### Speak your mind but ride a fast horse.

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View our FULL inventory at www.FrontlineAgSolutions.com

Now is the best time to upgrade your equipment. Don’t wait until you’re in the thick of the busy season to realize that your equipment isn’t going to get the job done! Call or stop in today!

COMBINES

Did your harvest not go as planned with unexpected break downs & expensive service bills? We still have several affordable units to choose from.

#84935

2022 John Deere X9 1100 with Signature Edition-Ultimate cab package, Active Yield with moisture sensor, ProDrive XL transmission Dyna Flo cleaning shoe, regular wear grain handling, 31-ft. folding unloading auger, extra fine chopper, 750/65R26 rear tires, 1100/50R42 front tires, axle spacers. Stock #84935........... ........................................... $775,000 (1) 2020 John Deere S790 with Combine Advisor, Active Yield, Advanced PowerCast tailboard, premium cab with leather, Pro Drive transmission, extended wear package, power folding covers, 28.5-ft. unloading auger, Full guidance, LSW 1100/45R46 front tires and 750/60R30 rear tires. Stock #88139..... $435,000 (1) 2015 John Deere S680 2WD, single IF 900/60R32, lateral tilt, fixed speed feeder house (without fore/aft tilt), ProDrive, Advanced PowerCast tailboard, TriStream rotor (extended wear), small wire concaves, power fold grain tank covers, 26-ft. unloading auger, premium cab, premium radio air seat, premium LED lighting and extremity lights, includes 2630 display, no receiver. Stock #88079. ........................................... $194,000 (3) 2008 John Deere 9770STS with AutoTrac ready, 800R38 singles, chopper with PowerCast tailboard, 22.5-ft. unloading auger, 3 speed transmission, no CM, fixed speed feederhouse, high lift cylinders, premium cab. Stock #87014............... $97,000 (14)

2021 John Deere S780 with premium cab, Moisture Yield sensor, Combine Advisor, Pro Drive transmission with Harvest Smart, regular wear grain handling package, fine cut chopper, 520/85R42 front tires with duals, 750/65R26 rear tires, side hill performance package, guidance, power folding GT covers, 28.5-ft. unloading auger, PowerCast tailboard.

Stock #86522................... $520,000 (12) 2021 John Deere S780 with Contour Master with fore & aft, premium cab with cloth seat, LED lights with extremity, Combine Advisor, Active Yield, 4600 display (no extended monitor), no receiver, TriStream rotor, power folding grain tank, 28.5 unloading auger, 580/85R42 duals, 750/65R26 rear, fine cut advanced PowerCast tailboard, grain tank mirror, side hill performance kit. Stock #85156.......... ......................................... $505,000 (14) 2020 John Deere S780 with premium cab, LED lights and extremity lights, SF6000, Combine Advisor, Active Yield and moisture sensor, Pro Drive with Harvest Smart, TriStream rotor with extended wear package, power folding grain tank covers, 28.5-ft unloading auger, fine cut chopper, PowerCast tailboard. Stock #84957............................... $445,000 (1) 2021 John Deere S780 with premium cab/radio, leather seat, LED lights, IF520/85R42 duals, 750/65R26 CM, fore/aft, fixed speed TriStream rotor, small grain, all regular wear sidehill chaffer vanes, filler plates, 28.5-ft. unloading auger, power fold tops, Advanced Powercast tailboard, Active Yield scale, Combine Advisor and Auto Maintain 4600 monitor with 3.0 ativation (AutoTrac included) no receiver or extended monitor, 48 month/1000 hour warranty until 7-27-2025. Stock #88109. ........................................$435,000 (14)

2012 John Deere S680 with premium cab, standard lighting and header extremity lights, Auto Trac ready with havest monitor, Green Star 3 2630 display (mounted on armrest) Pro Drive transmission with Harvest Smart feed rate. Stock #87241.. ......................................... $130,000 (12)

#86863

2017 John Deere S680 with premium cab with leather, LED lights, AutoTrac Harvest Monitor, GS 2630 monitor, ProDrive with HarvestSmart, TriStream rotor, regular wear grain handling, power folding GT covers, fine cut chopper with PowerCast, axle spacers, large tires. Stock #86863............................... $275,000 (1)

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#87701

2020 John Deere S780 with premium cab with leather, Combine Advisor, Active Yield with moisture/yield sensor, ProDrive transmission, TriStream rotor, regular wear, extended wear grain handling package, fine cut chopper with PowerCast tailboard, 28.5-ft. unloading auger, power folding GT covers, 12 inch axle spacers. Stock #87701....... $365,000 (1) 2013 John Deere S680 2WD, 900/60R32, lateral tilt, fixed speed feeder house (without fore/aft) ProDrive, Advanced PowerCase tailboard, TriStream rotor (extended wear), small wire concaves, power grain tank covers, 26-ft. auger, premium radio, air seat, HID lighting and extremity lights. Stock #86682................ ......................................... $170,000 (12)

2012 Case IH 8230 with heavy lateral tilt feederhouse, in-cab spread control, luxiury cab, hydraulic grain tank covers, hydraulic grain tank extensions, Hi-cap unload for 40-ft. header, NavII controller and 372 receiver. Stock #87003............... ............................................ $120,000 (3)

11=Lewistown: 800-823-3373 12=Havre: 800-621-5701 13=Chester: 406-759-5010

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A21

View our FULL inventory at www.FrontlineAgSolutions.com

Now is the best time to upgrade your equipment. Don’t wait until you’re in the thick of the busy season to realize that your equipment isn’t going to get the job done! Call or stop in today!

4WD, ROW CROP AND UTILITY TRACTORS

Winter feeding time is here - Check out our selection of good used tractors for your farming and ranching needs this coming winter and spring!

2015 John Deere 6195R with IVT trans2022 John Deere 8R250 with 40K IVT mission, MFWD, 3 SCVs, 540/1000 transmission, guidance ready, air seat PTO, quick hitch, 6 front weights, with cab suspension, 60 GPM hydraulic 480/80R46, 420/90R30, cold weather pump, 5 SCVs, 540/1000 shiftable PTO, package. Stock #88033... $107,500 (16) Cat 3, 3-pt hitch, 480/80R50 rear tires 2022 John Deere 6215R with IVT (40K), with duals, 480/70R34 front tires 22 680R loader with grapple, premium front weights, rear weights, power train cab with cab suspension, premium warranty to August 2028. Stock #87968. seat, wide angle mirrors, Panorama ........................................... $370,000 (4) glass roof with lights, 3 rear E-SCVs, 2022 John Deere 8R310 with IVT trans- #87612 #88081 540E/1000/1000E PTO, 620/70R42 mission, RH reverser, less receiver, air rear with rear fender extension, (1800 seat with cab suspension, 84 GPM hy- 2022 John Deere 8RT370 track tractor 2022 John Deere 9RX640 with 36” Cam3 with 16-ft. track spacing with 16.5” 6500 lbs. rear weights), 480/70R30 front with draulic pump, 1 / 4 1000 PTO, 6 SCVs, so track, E18 transmission, Ultimate series belts, poly mid rollers, 6000 returntable fenders, 4200 display with Au380/90R54 with duals, 380/80R38 front comfort cab, Air Seat Plus suspension, ceiver with RTK activation (no radio), toTrac activation, heated rear window, tires with duals, 22 front weights, rear Active Command steering, 110 GPM 4600 display with automation 3.0, Sigcold start with fuel heating, fuel tank weights. Stock #86945.... $405,000 (15) dual hydraulic pump, 6 SCVS, 1000 nature edition, Ultimate cab, Ultimate bottom guard. Stock #87952..................

PTO, polyurethane mid rollers, fixed lighting, 40K IVT with RHR, IPM, 6 ........................................... $275,000 (1) 87” track spacing, tow cable, Intelligent remotes with high flow pump, 22 front power mgmt, hydraulic trailer brake, 20 weights, 12 side mount weights, radar, front weights with bracket, extended 1/2” PowerBeyond, 20,000 lb. 3-point warranty until Dec 2025/1500 hours. hitch, Cat 4 swinging drawbar. Stock Stock #88081.................... $735,000 (1) #87612............................ $505,000 (15) 2022 John Deere 9RX540 track tractor 2015 John Deere 8370RT with IVT 42 with E18 transmission, includes 6000 KPH, 2630 GS3 display and 10” SDUA receiver (SF1), 4600 with premium 3.0 #88052 SF2 receiver, Gen 4 Act 4600 proc, preactivation, cab suspension, Ultimate mium CommandView III cab, premium 2022 John Deere 8R370 with MFWD, cab, Ultimate lighting, PTO, 5 rear reradio-XM Satellite, LHR, 85CC hydrauILS, IVT (LHR), Active Command steer, motes with 55 GPM pump, 30” tracks on lic pump (60 GPM), five Rem cyl (1 hi Intelligent 6 SCV, 1000/1000E pto, 87” spacing, Cat 5 drawbar, greaseable Cat 4) 3-point and drawbar, Dura 6500, 3-point, 118.5” axle, Ultimate comfort, steering cylinder, 1/2” PowerBeyond.

25” tracks, 88” spacing, Premium LED 84 gpm hydraulic pump, air seat with Stock #87939.................. $660,000 (14) light package, leather trim, dual beam cab suspension, 480/70R34 front duals, 2000 John Deere 9100 4WD, Synchro radar sensor, refrigerator, cold weath520/85R46 rear cuals, rear weights, 22 transmission, 9738 hours, 520/85R38 er package, 110V, auxilary hydraulic front weights, includes AT activation, tires, 30% tread (1 inside tire leaking connect 3/4”, weight package. Stock 4600 Command Center, no receiver. air) 4 SCVs, Case drain, ITC receiver #87644............................ $247,500 (15) #86191 Stock #88052.................... $495,000 (1) with extend, 1800 display with Auto2022 John Deere 6195M with 20/20 Com2014 John Deere 8320R with IVT with Trac, ATU 200 included. No implement mandQuad Plus, TLS, standard cab with 2022 John Deere 6155M with PowerGard independent link suspension, front harness. Stock #86808.......$50,000 (11) Plus 20F/20R transmission, AutoTrak Command arm, standard seat, 155 L/ and rear duals, includes SF3000 with 2022 John Deere 5090E 90 hp utility tracready, standard cab with RH console, 3 min hydraulic pump, 4 SCVs, 540/1000 4600 display and autotrac activation, 4 tor with 24/12 Power Reverser transmisSCVs, 540/1000 PTO, 480/80R42 sinPTO, 3-point hitch, front 540/65R28 SCVs, 3-point, 1000 PTO, dual hydrausion, standard cab with air suspension gle rear tires, 420/85R28 front tires, rear tires, rear 650/65R38 tires, cold start lic pump, 22 front weights, 1400# rear seat, corner post exhaust, 3 rear SCVs, fender extensions, cold start package, package, auto difflock, 680R loader with weights, deluxe lighting, premium radio, 2 mid SCVs, MFWD, 18.4R30 rear tires, loader ready with JD 640R loader/buckbucket and grapple. Stock #87377.........

480/80R50 rear duals, 380/80R38 front 12.4R24 front tires, PTO, 3 point hitch, et/grapple. Stock #86191....................... ........................................... $225,000 (1) duals.

Stock #88140.......... $215,000 (1) loader ready. Stock #88005.....$73,000 (4) ........................................... $188,000 (4) 2022 John Deere 5075E with dual mid 2022 John Deere 6145R with 480/80R42 valves, joystick control, mechanical front duals, 420/85R28 fronts, 20 speed AQ wheel drive (MFWD), 9.5-24 in. 6PR R1 transmission, 640R loader with grapple, bias front tires, loader prep package Winter is here. Check out our selection of good used round and square AutoTrac ready, 4200 processor with with JD loader and bucket, standard bale feeders and movers.

AutoTrac activation, no receiver, precab, 16.9-28 in.

6PR R1 bias rear tires, 2013 Vermeer BPX9000 2 round bale 2020 Highline CFR651-200 with fine cut mium cab with suspension, premium 12F/12R Power Reverser transmission, option, scale kit, road lights, large tires, model, 1000 PTO, hydraulic deflector, lights with sunroof, heated rear window, 540 PTO. Stock #88036.... $62,000 (15) 3rd remote, top deflector, rear deflector. right hand discharge, flotation tires.

Cold Start II, fuel heating, fuel tank botStock #87614.................... $25,500 (12) 1995 John Deere 8570 4WD tractor, SynStock #88379.................... $15,500 (16) tom guard, 3 remotes, 1800 lbs. rear weights. Stock #85398.... $207,500 (14) chro transmission with 2 speed Powr#88375 Shift, PTO, 3 SCVs, PowerBeyond, 2018 John Deere 7230R with IVT (40K) with RH reverser, 4600 display with precase drain, 18.4R42 duals, GreenStar mium activation, no receiver, no extendready harness with ATU200 and ISO ed monitor, premium CommandView III plug. Stock #88042............ $49,500 (14) with cab, suspension, RH & LH electric adjust mirrors, premium lights, 59 gpm pump with 5 rear remotes, 1300 fixed 2022 Haybuster 2660 brand new, bought front axle, 24 front weights, IPM, dual last year and never used, 14Lx16.1 flo380/90R50 on 36” centers, 380/85R34. tation tires, wide belt, hydraulic deflecStock #85161.................. $205,000 (15) tor, constant velocity PTO shaft. Stock #85863 2011 Case IH Magnum 140LTD with Wishing all a very #88375................................ $33,000 (1) MFWD, cab, 16/16 partial powershift 2015 Haybuster 2660 2 bale proces- 2020 Jiffy 928 bale feeder, like new bale Merry Christmas and (autoshift), 4 SCVs, 3-point, 540/1000 feeder, RH discharge, 16.1 tires, 1000 sor, flotation tires, LH discharge. Stock pto, 6 rear weights, 18.4-42 single tires, PTO. Stock #85863........... $23,000 (15) Happy Holidays from all of us at #87924................................ $20.000 (4) loader/grapple, 139 hp engine/120 hp 1997 Stinger 1402 non-stacking bale pick2015 Haybuster 2660 2 round bale modFrontline Ag PTO. Stock #88697............. $92,500 (1) er will pick round or square bales, has el, 1000 RPM PTO, RH discharge, Hy newer transmission C series 8.3 CumShield. Stock #88180........ $20,000 (16) mins engine, runs well. Stock #84198.... ........................................... $58,000 (14)

BALE FEEDERS

out Check tory n e our inv feeders le a b of new ch store. at ea

#82464 2014 Haybuster 2650 with hydraulic deflector and RH delivery. Stock #82464... ............................................. $16,500 (4) 2005 Haybuster 2650 bale processor with RH delivery and flotation tires. Stock #84050................................ $14,500 (4) 2005 Haybuster 2650 2 bale processor, RH discharge, hydraulic deflector, 1000 PTO, new chain in gear box 2021. Stock #83534................................ $14,500 (4) 2012 Bale King 5100 bale processor with RH discharge, hydraulic deflector, 1000 PTO, round bales only. Stock #87387.... ............................................$11,000 (11)

1=Conrad: 888-397-6851 2=Cut Bank: 888-673-9310 3=Choteau: 888-728-9254 4=Dillon: 888-213-2793

www.frontlineagsolutions.com 11=Lewistown: 800-823-3373 12=Havre: 800-621-5701 13=Chester: 406-759-5010

14=Great Falls: 888-760-2005 15=Belgrade: 866-282-3337 16=Livingston: 800-824-3932

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A22

We have

wood splitters,

chippers and

Christmas cactus, and real Christmas tree over a fake

KIOTI TRACTORS Kioti DK5320SEHC tractor with KL5521 loader, cab, heat, air, HST transmission, 540 PTO, Cat I, 3 pt................ ........................................ 1 in stock Kioti DK4720H with KL5521 loader, open station, 4WD, 47 hp, 3-pt, PTO, HST transmission...........1 In Stock Kioti DK4520 tractor with KL5520 loader, manual transmission, 4WD, 3-pt, PTO........................1 In Stock Kioti CK2620H tractor with KL4030 loader, 4WD, HST transmission, 540 PTO, Cat I, 3-pt............... 1 in stock Kioti CX2510H tractor with KL2510 loader, HST transmission, 540 PTO, Cat I, 3 pt, 4WD.............. 2 in stock

Panther 48” mower.....................$1335 72” finish mower..........................$3300

NEW

USED HAYING

POST HOLE AUGERS Standard Duty & Heavy Duty 9” & 12” IN Augers STOCK

log grapples available.

NEW KIOTI IMPLEMENTS Back blade, 72”..............................$725 KIOTI UTILITY VEHICLES Kioti K9 2 row side by side, 4x4, diesel, MacPherson struts, steel dump box with bed liner...................1 In Stock

PARTS UNITS

Ford 2000 Select-o-Speed.. For Parts

American Hay Master 500 series stack wagon with hay basket..........$7500 John Deere 1380 pull-type swather...... ...............................................$2500 Hesston 1014 swather................$1500

USED TRACTORS Zetor Proxima 100 with cab and loader................................. JUST IN Massey Ferguson 65 tractor with loader....................................$3,255

CONSIGNED

MISCELLANEOUS ATTACHMENTS

New Legend SSQA pallet forks............ ............................................... $1125 NEW Danuser SSQA pallet forks.......... ............................................... $1125

NEW

MISCELLANEOUS Front Dozer Blade with manual adjust.

Fits various models................$2500 Oliver/White loader fits 1650/1655....... ...............................................$1250 Wagner loader for Ford 8N, 9N, and NAA. With front pump & mounts...... ...............................................$1500 Shaver HD8 front mount post driver..... ...............................................$1295 Running gears. Each.....................$600

Hardee Implements

Eagle attachments

New Eagle 560HD..................$1050 New Eagle 566HD..................$1210 New Eagle 672HD..................$1320 New Eagle 784 HD.................#1415 New Eagle 7-ft. 3 point rear blade.... ...........................................$1225 New Eagle 8-ft. 3 point rear blade.... ...........................................$1300

Call us for all your equipment needs

John Deere 6600 combine, gas, pickup header...................................$2000 Massey-Ferguson 510 combine, Perkins diesel..............................$3250 Ford 600 tractor with loader, good tires.

Runs great.............................$4500 Ford Major tractor.......................$1250 Hesston 1014 12-ft. swather................. ..................................NEEDS WORK New Holland 855 round baler............... ...............................................$3850 New Holland 1033 balewagon.............. ............................................... CALL

6-ft. snow blower with QA skid steer mount In Stock $6250

New

Helfert’s Helena Farm Supply Phone (406) 227-6821

East Helena, Montana

Serving HELENA and surrounding areas over 75 YEARS!

Come visit us at www.helenafarmsupply.com

By Catherine Wissner, retired University of Wyoming Laramie County Extension Horticulturist.

Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera sp.) despite the common name they actually aren’t and need more water than you think.

Not a true cactus, they are a succulent, native to tropical rainforests, where they soak up the high humidity, filtered sunlight, and warm temperatures. I have several large Christmas cactus in my house, their favorite location is the east window. The location is cool, around 65 to 70 degrees and no drafts. They are near the bathroom so they get extra humidity. My oldest, I inherited from my mother, she received it back in 1983. It starts to bloom early November and goes well into December.

They like their soil to be evenly moist, I check the top third of the soil and water accordingly. Typically, if they dry out and stay dry, they will drop flower buds, remember they are a tropical plant.

When you bring one home, give it a good drink of water.

Let the water drain out, keep it out of drafts or excess heat.

Feed with a low nitrogen house plant fertilizer from August through February. Nitrogen should be no more than 5%, too much causes rapid growth and few flowers. The second number, phosphorus and the third number potassium should be 10% or less. Phosphorus, helps the plant flower, It needs nitrogen in small amounts to achieve this. You can find out what your house plant fertilizer has on the label.

There are three different types of Christmas cactus. The most common one sold is the Thanksgiving cactus. This one blooms the earliest and continues to bloom for a couple months. Christmas cactus will start blooming early winter and go through January, their leaves are slightly different.

There is also an Easter cactus, which blooms late winter into early spring.

Real vs Fake Christmas Trees There are numerous pros and cons of a buying a real Christmas tree.

First, artificial Christmas trees, typically made with plastic or metal, created and shipped from China. Only 10% are made in America, but that 10% supports local economies and keeps our money in America.

My favorite real tree pros are, supports local family tree farms, creates jobs, environmentally friendly and they smell good. There are around 10 Christmas tree farms in Montana.

You can also get a permit from the national forest service to cut your own tree, go for a great hike and come home with a nice tree.

The cons and the biggest one, needle drop and trying to clean them up.

Once inside do keep the water bowl for your cut tree full at all times. Even a cut tree will take up lots of water. Water helps to keep the needles attached to the branches and less to pick up. Easy clean up, use a broom instead of a vacuum cleaner even on the carpet. Most cities have a recycling program for Christmas trees, making disposal easy.

Winter forage snow cover

By Samantha Daniel, UNL While winter is still several weeks away, much of Nebraska recently received the first snowfall of the season.

This is a great time to remember the benefits of snow cover to winter forages, especially alfalfa.

The most significant roles snow cover has in protecting winter forages is to provide insulation to and prevent evaporation from the soil. By trapping heat energy, snow cover limits the depth of the frost layer which protects forages from the damaging freeze-thaw cycle and mitigates winter kill. The effectiveness of this protection is dependent on how early in the season the snow cover is established. Late fall and early winter snowstorms collect and insulate the ground before too much heat is lost from the soil.

Having some stubble at the end of the growing season is a great way to catch this much-needed snow. If a late season harvest is unavoidable, cut high to ensure snow trapping stubble can still function. In an ideal situation, this snow insulation, winter hardy variety selection, and giving forages the chance to properly winterize in the fall will keep winter kill to a minimum.

Snow is a great insulator and can help forages survive the winter. While snow may not always be a welcome sight, it can help to ensure your winter forage crop survives and thrives next season.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A23

Five freaky facts about…inventions • Seat belts were originally designed not for cars, but to secure workmen and windowwashers to their equipment when scaling tall buildings.

• The first waterbed was developed more than 3,000 years ago, when Persians filled goat skins with water, sealed them with tar, and warmed them in the sun.

• After NASA developed a coating to protect its cameras from the sun’s radiation, scientists at the California Institute of Technology used

AUTO SALES

HAY & BARLEY STRAW FOR SALE

it to create radiation-blocking sunglasses. Most famous brand: Blu Blocker.

• When Frank Etscorn, a psychologist studying addition, spilled liquid nicotine on his arm, he caught a buzz. He realized smokers trying to quit could be given nicotine through the skin.

His nicotine patch hit the market in 1992.

• Early contacts were made from wax molds– by pouring wax over the eyes. The lenses were glass, and caused so much pain that patients were prescribed an anesthetic with cocaine.

1200 tons of alfalfa, alfalfa/grass, grass hay. Net wrap, round bales.

ALSO

Barley straw from conventional combine, round bales.

Can arrange truck - Reasonable pricing Phone (406) 467-2061 or (406) 467-3130 (house) (406) 590-9085 or (406) 590-9087 (cell) Located west of Fairfield, Montana

Dan Bleskin Owner

Nancy Gray Owner

Toni Gratz Office Admin.

Ryan Sales Manager

Patrick Business Manager

“Chewy” Mattson Internet Manager

“Chip” Mascot

Bruce Thomas Lot Manager

Pedro Marroquin Product Specialist

Joe O’Neal Product Specialist

Evelyn Shirey Product Specialist

Derrick Price Product Specialist

3456 10th Ave S

406-453-0112 -or-

3314 10th Ave S

406-761-4090 www.PetesGreatFalls.com

FAMILY OWNED AND OPERATED FOR OVER 63 YEARS! 2020 CHEVROLET TRAX LS, AWD 68K MILES was: $18,995 • SALE $17,995

2014 TOYOTA TACOMA, 2WD, 46K ACTUAL MILES was: $22,995 • SALE $21,900

2019 FORD RANGER XLT, CREW, 4X4, 74K MILES was: $32,995 • SALE $31,900

2016 JEEP CHEROKEE SPORT, 34K MILES, 4X4 was: $20,995 • SALE $19,995

2020 DODGE RAM 3500, CREW, LONG BOX, 4X4 was: $43,995 • SALE $42,995

2018 DODGE RAM 1500 LARAMIE, CREW, DIESEL, 92K MILES, VERY CLEAN was: $33,995 • SALE $32,900

S was: $39,995 • SALE $38,900

SLASHER

2020 CHEVROLET 1500 SILVERADO LTZ, CREW, 4WD was: $48,995 • SALE $47,900

2007 CHEVROLET SUBURBAN LT 2500, 4X4, 75K MILES, RARE FIND! was: $26,995 $26,995 • SALE $25,900

95

SALE $33,9

2020 KIA SORENTO S MODEL, AWD, 28K MILES was: $35,995 • SALE $34,900

2018 FORD T150 CARGO VAN, 87K MILES, RARE FIND was: $32,995 • SALE $31,900

2011 FORD F350 XL, UTILITY BOX, 4X4, 95K MILES, 6.2L was: $30,995 • SALE $29,995

2020 FORD F150 SUPER CREW 4X4, PRICED RIGHT was: $29,995 • SALE $28,995

S

2021 CHRYSLER VOYAGER, 67K MILES

2018 RAM 1500 QUAD CAB 4WD

was: $26,995 • SALE $25,900

was: $29,995 • SALE $28,900

was: $44,995 • SALE $43,900

2012 CHEVROLET COLORADO, EXTENDED CAB, 42K ACTUAL MILES, 2WD was: $16,995 • BLOWOUT $15,900

SLASHER

SLASHER

was: $15,995 • SALE $14,900

2022 FORD F150 SUPER CREW, XLT, 31K MILES 3.5 ECOBOOST 4X4, EXTRA EQUIPMENT was: $54,995 $54,995 • SALE $53,900

1996 CHEVROLET 2500 SUBURBAN, 4X4, WINCH, 7.4L, 59K ACTUAL MILES, ORIGINAL BEAUTY! was: $26,995 • SALE $25,995

95

2020 FORD EDGE SEL, AWD, 66K MILES was: $29,995 • SALE $28,900

2014 FORD EXPEDITION, 73K MILES

2020 FORD F150 SUPERCREW XLT HEATED SEATS, 68K MILES, VERY NICE! was: $41,995 • SALE $40,900

2017 FORD F250, EXT CAB, LONG BOX 4X4, 56K MILES was: $39,995 • SALE $38,900

was: $30,995 • SALE $29,900

OVER 220 VEHICLES IN STOCK!

2018 DODGE RAM 1500 DOUBLE CAB, 4X4, 22K ACTUAL MILES was: $30,995 • SALE $29,900

95

SALE $20,9 SLASHER

2019 SUBARU FORESTER AWD, 83K MILES

HURRY FOR BEST SELECTION!

2021 FORD ESCAPE TITANIUM, 4X4, 39K MILES was: $33,995 • SALE $32,995

was: $30,995 • SALE $29,995

2013 FORD F250 STAKE BED, 12K ACTUAL MILES was: $25,995 • SALE $24,900

2019 DODGE GRAND CARAVAN

SLASHER

was: $16,995 • SALE $15,900

95

SALE $30,9

2021 TOYOTA RAV4, 46K MILES, LIKE NEW was: $33,995 • SALE $32,900

2019 BUICK ENVISION AWD 36K MILES, SHARP!

95 SALE $27,9 SLASHER

2016 BUICK CASCADIA CONVERTIBLE, 15K ACTUAL MILES, LIKE BRAND NEW! was: $26,995 $26,995 • SALE $25,900

6,995

SALE $4 SLASHER

2021 FORD EXPEDITION EL, 10K MILES

2023 KIA SOUL LX, 6800 ACTUAL MILES, LIKE NEW was: $26,995 • SALE $25,995

SLASHER

was: $50,995 $50,995 • SALE $49,900

95 SALE $47,9

2021 CHEVROLET 2500 DOUBLE CAB, LB, 4X4, 74K MILES, RARE FIND

2021 HYUNDAI TUCSON SEL, 39K MILES, AWD

was: $50,995 • SALE $49,900

2016 CHEVROLET 1500 CREW, 5.3L, 85K MILES, VERY CLEAN 2017 FORD F150 CREW, 4X4, 65K MILES, NICE SHAPE!

was: $28,995 • SALE $27,995

2011 CHEVROLET AVALANCHE LT, VERY NICE

was: $35,995 • SALE $34,995

was: $18,995 $18,995 • SALE $17,900

SLASHER

95 SALE $27,9 SLASHER 2021 KIA SELTOS ONLY 26K MILES!!!

2017 JEEP WRANGLER SAHARA, 63K MILES was: $31,995 • SALE $30,500

was: $29,995 • SALE $28,995

2016 FORD F250 SUPER DUTY 4X4

2021 NISSAN ROGUE SV LOADED, SUNROOF, HEATED LEATHER, 63K MILES

95

was: $34,995 • SALE $33,995

95

SALE $51,9 SLASHER

95

SALE $28,9

SALE $37,9

2020 FORD ECOSPORT TITANIUM, 4WD, ONLY 16K MILES, LOADED was: $29,995 • SALE $28,995

SLASHER

SALE $27,9

95 SALE $27,9 SLASHER 2 TO CHOOSE FROM! 2010 CHEVROLET HHR SPORT, 34K MILES, MINT!

2022 TOYOTA TACOMA TRD, EXTENDED CAB, 4X4, 17K MILES

was: $24,995 • SALE $23,995

was: $22,995 $22,995 • SALE $21,995

95 ALE $25,9 LASHER S

was: $30,995 • SALE $29,900

was: $32,995 • SALE $31,900

95 ALE $42,9 LASHER S

2018 GMC YUKON XL, HIGH MILES BUT PRICED RIGHT!

2021 FORD EDGE TITANIUM, 73K MILES

2012 FORD F350 FLATBED, 4X4 DUALLY, 117K MILES was: $32,995 • SALE $31,900

95

SALE $39,9

2022 JEEP WRANGLER SPORT, 6K ACTUAL MILES, WHY BUY NEW? was: $42,995 • SALE $41,900

2020 KIA OPTIMA LX, 58K MILES was: $22,995 • SALE $21,900

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A24

ON ALL

STEEL

STRUCTURES

FREE ATV WITH PURCHASE C FORCE 500 • 495 CC • 2WD/4WD

Liquid cooled/4 Stroke • Electronic Power Steering

EACH PACKAGE INCLUDES:

PACKAGE #1

60’ x 80’ x 18’ Eve

362,888

$

*

PACKAGE #2

80’ x 100’ x 20’ Eve

• 2/12 pitch painted roof, walls and trim • (2) – 14’x14’ Wayne Dalton Doors - One row of insulated glass per door - One heavy duty opener per door - Two remotes per door • (4) – 4’0 x 4’0 windows

499,000

• (4) 3070 Entry Doors

PACKAGE #3

• #4 rebar on 24” centers

$

*

80’ x 150’ x 20’ Eve

686,000

$

*

PACKAGE #4

100’ x 200’ x 20’ Eve

899,000

$

*

• 5” Concrete Monolithic Slab with radiant heat

• 2” foam insulation under the slab • Electric or propane boiler • R36 insulation in the roof, R25 insulation in the walls • Includes all labor to pour slab, complete heated floor, and erect the building

406-531-8079 509-380-9533

bjornjohnsonconstructionmt.com bjc0595@gmail.com * Prices are an estimate and may vary by region. Excludes sales tax. Offer expires in 14 days.

Concrete, equipment, and long wet days At the end of August, The NRCS Montana snow survey team worked with the Stillwater State Forest staff to do site preparation for a three-day SNOTEL site install endeavor.

“The state forest was a big part of getting this permitted and getting all those snow measurements for us over the years, “said Eric Larson, NRCS Water Supply Specialist. A major benefit of replacing a snow course with a SNOTEL site is, eventually after 10 years of concurrent measurements, the manual snow course measurements will no longer be needed.

Originally a snow course from 1977, Stryker Basin was ready for an update. The idea is to automate the snow survey site so that it can replace the need to do manual measurements, which is time consuming and can be strenuous to access the remote locations. Currently, manual snowpack measurements are taken at Stryker Basin from February to June, around the first of each month, with 10 measurements being extracted each time. In addition to the snow water equivalent and snow depth, which is collected at the snow course, the SNOTEL site collects and transmits air temperature and precipitation data on an hourly basis.

The crew consisted of Eric Larson, Colin Kultys, Mage Hultstrand, Lexi Landers, and Lauren Austin who hit the ground running, working 12-hour days at the site. Even though that area of Montana had been dry, and, in a drought, the week of the installment was not. “It rained over two inches and temperatures were in the mid-40s on our second day,” Larson remarked with a slight laugh. The weather was relentless, but the snow survey team persevered and spent the three days working together to complete the installation.

“It’s a lot of equipment to haul in and requires a lot of concrete,” Larson stated. It took about 32 bags of concrete and an array of equipment to install a shelter, snow pillow, two towers, and a precipitation gauge. The spot where they were installing and building at was 300 yards away from a usable road, “From there we used two side by sides to shuttle in all of the equipment,” Larson said. Even with the challenging weather, hauling equipment, concrete pours, and a short-time frame, the crew accomplished what they went out there to do, to fully install a new SNOTEL site.

Larson explained, “Water is utilized for everything from agriculture, municipal use, and hydroelectric power in the western United States. The snow survey program plays a vital role in providing water supply forecasts for water users across the western United States.” By collecting the snowpack data at snow courses and using the SNOTEL network, the snow survey program makes mountain snowpack and precipitation data available to the public along with snowmelt-driven runoff predictions for the spring and summer.

For more information on the snow survey program and products and reports, go to Montana Snow Survey Webpage.

You can also sign up to receive notifications when Montana’s monthly Water Supply Outlook Reports are released from January through June.

Soybean Cyst Nematodes

Soybean Cyst Nematodes (SCN) are small, microscopic roundworms that feed on the roots of soybeans causing up to 30% yield loss without noticeable above ground symptoms. Yield losses may be widespread, but often you will see pockets where yield loss is noticeable.

SCN sampling can be done at any time of the growing season, but following harvest is always a good idea since yield maps can be used as a reference to easily determine “hot spots” in the field.

The Nebraska Soybean Board currently sponsors free SCN soil sample testing through UNL’s Plant & Pest Diagnostic Clinic in Lincoln.

To submit samples: Collect 15-20 soil cores through the root zone at a depth of 6-8 inches from every 20 acres. Combine soil cores from these sampled areas into a bucket, mix well, then fill a sample bag with at least two cups of soil for testing. Samples can be placed in an SCN sample bag (found at your local Extension Office) or a gallon Ziplock bag and submitted to UNL’s Plant & Pest Diagnostic Clinic for testing. Management strategies for this pest include crop rotation to a non-host crop (i.e., wheat or corn), use of cover crops (i.e., radishes, mustards, canola), manage winter annual weeds (i.e., henbit), and use resistance packages like Peking (PI 548402) or PI 89772. It’s best to collect soil samples and retest every 2-3 years to update any management decisions made.

Questions about SCN sampling or testing can be directed to your local Extension Office or by contacting Dylan Mangel, UNL’s Extension Soybean Pathologist (402-472-2559; dylan. mangel@unl.edu).

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A25

Corn stalks nutrition

By Todd Whitney, UNL Many cattle producers acknowledge that corn stalks grazing is not meeting the needs of their cows compared to past decades. So, what are those contributing factors?

First, average cow size is now larger resulting in higher daily forage intake per cow. This has led to stover stocking rates needing adjustment; and/or nutrient supplements being used more frequently when grazing corn stalks.

Secondly, combine efficiency has improved, so less grain remains in fields after harvest. In the past, grain content in harvested stalk fields was estimated to be 4%; today grain losses are below 2%. Exceptions might include corn fields where hail, high winds or other adverse weather increased stalk lodging.

Finally, overall corn stalks nutrient are likely lower compared to historic book values such 4-7% crude protein corn stalks content estimates. Current corn hybrids are bred to move more plant stored nutrients into the grain at the end of the growing season. So, plants may cannibalize carbohydrates from stalks if nutrients are lacking in the plant to complete ear filling and plumbing corn kernels.

In some cases, nutrient deficiencies may simply have resulted in lower yields such as a flex-hybrid corn producing 30 bushels less per acre. However, severely cannibalized stalks may have poor stalk quality and higher lodging and breakage. The upside for the livestock grazers, lodged fields may have more grain remaining in the fields; thus, potentially providing more energy for the grazing animals.

Corn pest resistance breeding has also improved insect and disease resistance. These improved genetics have reduced lodging and led to stalks that break down or digest less rapidly; leaving behind stalks that may be less palatable for livestock and fewer digestible nutrients.

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A26

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Maximizing egg-laying production for a more prosperous business If you run a large poultry farm, have chickens in your back yard, or anything in between, your wellbeing depends on the number of eggs your chickens produce. So, it can be frustrating when your chickens’ egg production decreases or fails to meet your expectations. You may wonder why some hens lay more eggs than others or why egg size and quality vary among breeds.

Understanding the factors that impact egg laying is crucial for achieving maximum egg production.

Decreased egg production can result from various factors such as inadequate nutrition, heat stress, or the natural cycle of laying hens. It can be challenging to navigate through these obstacles without proper guidance and knowledge.

This comprehensive guide will provide you with expert insights, practical tips, and proven strategies to optimize the egglaying process in your flock. From ensuring adequate nutrition and calcium supplementation to managing environmental factors, our tips will help you achieve consistent and abundant egg production. Remember, happy and healthy chickens lead to exceptional egg-laying results.

What is involved in the egg-laying process?

Understanding the intricacies of the egglaying process is essential for maximizing production in your flock. It all starts with the physiology of laying hens. These remarkable birds have a complex reproductive system regulated by hormonal factors that influence egg production. On average, hens begin laying eggs around 6 months of age, although this can vary among breeds. The process begins with the development of an egg within the hen’s reproductive tract.

Once a mature egg enters the reproductive system, it undergoes a remarkable journey. The yolk travels through the oviduct, where it is enveloped by albumen (egg white) and then finally encased in a shell.

This entire process takes several hours, and after that, the hen prepares to lay the egg.

Understanding the physiological aspects of egg-laying can help you identify any potential issues that may affect production and take appropriate measures to optimize the process.

Will hens exhibit certain behaviors when they are ready to lay eggs?

Hens exhibit specific behaviors that indicate they are ready to lay eggs. One significant behavior is nesting. As hens approach the laying cycle, they instinctively seek out suitable nesting areas in their environment.

These spaces provide a sense of security and privacy for the hen to lay her eggs comfortably. Providing appropriate nesting boxes or secluded areas with soft bedding materials can encourage hens to exhibit their natural nesting behavior.

Another behavior associated with the laying cycle is broodiness. Some hens may become broody, which means they develop a strong desire to incubate eggs and raise chicks. While broodiness disrupts egg production, it is a natural aspect of the reproductive cycle.

Recognizing and managing broodiness can help maintain consistent egg laying in your flock. Factors such as breed, environmental conditions, and individual hen characteristics can influence both nesting and broodiness behaviors. By understanding these behaviors, you can create an environment that supports the natural instincts of your hens and promotes optimal egg production.

What factors impact egg laying production?

Several factors play a crucial role in determining the productivity of your flock when it comes to egg-laying. By addressing these various factors, such as breed selection, nutrition, housing, and biosecurity, you can create an optimized environment for your hens, leading to maximum egg-laying production.

Breed of chicken One influential factor is the breed of chicken you choose. Certain breeds, such as Rhode Island Reds, are known for their excellent egg-laying capabilities. Conducting thorough research on different breeds and selecting those specifically bred for egg production can significantly impact the overall productivity of your flock.

Novogen Browns are also known for their consistent and prolific egg production. They will typically lay nearly 400 eggs during their first 72 weeks of egg-laying.

Nutrition Another critical factor is nutrition. Providing hens with a well-balanced diet is essential for optimal egg production. Nutrients, including amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and protein, are needed to support the reproductive system and ensure healthy egg formation. A high-quality fortified layer feed that is 18% protein is often what is recommended. Supplementing with additional protein sources, such as sunflower seeds or nuts is optional.

Additionally, calcium is crucial for the development of strong eggshells. Supplying oyster shells as a calcium supplement can greatly contribute to successful egg laying.

You can also consider supplementing their diet with fresh greens, vegetables, and even table scraps to contribute to a well-rounded and nutritious feed.

Housing and environment Creating a suitable housing environment is essential for encouraging optimal egglaying. Hens require comfortable and clean living spaces with sufficient nesting areas.

Designing and maintaining appropriate nesting boxes, ensuring proper ventilation, and providing adequate space per hen are critical factors to consider. It is also important to ensure that the coop is predator-proof to protect the flock and minimize stress levels.

The housing and environment in which your hens live also have a significant impact on egg production. Adequate lighting, proper temperature control, ventilation, and sufficient space are all essential factors to consider. Providing a comfortable and stress-free environment allows hens to lay eggs more efficiently.

Biosecurity Furthermore, practicing good biosecurity measures is vital to prevent disease outbreaks and maintain a healthy flock.

Regularly monitoring their health, observing for any signs of illness or distress, and promptly addressing any issues that arise are key responsibilities. Implementing good hygiene practices, such as regular cleaning of the coop and nesting areas, also contributes to a healthier environment.

How can I stimulate egg laying in chickens?

By incorporating these practical tips and techniques into your egg-laying operations, you can optimize the process and increase efficiency and yield. Remember, each flock is unique, so it’s important to experiment, observe, and adapt strategies to best suit the needs of your own feathered friends.

CONTINUED ON PAGE A28

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 – Page A27

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A28

IH TRUCK FOR SALE

2006 International 9400i, Cat C13, 430 hp, RTLO-18918B, Meritor RT-40-145P drive axles with rear locker, 236” wheelbase, 51” cab, 610,000 total highway miles, 200,000 miles on complete Cat overhaul, no DEF, Merritt cab guard/drom included. Nice truck.

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Maximizing egg-laying production for a more prosperous business CONTINUED FROM PAGE A26

Feeding strategies Feeding strategies play a crucial role in increasing egg production in hens. Here are some key strategies to consider: Balanced Diet: Providing hens with a well-balanced diet is essential. It should include high-quality protein sources, such as soybean meal, and a variety of grains and greens to ensure optimal nutrition.

Calcium Supplements: Hens require calcium for strong eggshells. Including calcium supplements like oyster shells or limestone in their feed can help ensure they have an adequate supply of this essential mineral.

Probiotics: Adding probiotics to the hens’ feed can improve digestion and nutrient absorption, leading to better overall health and increased egg production.

Fresh Water: Clean and fresh drinking water should always be available to hens. Dehydration can negatively impact egg production, so regular water changes and proper hydration are vital.

Feeding Schedule: Establishing a regular feeding schedule helps maintain consistency and encourages hens to consume the necessary nutrients for optimal egg production.

Create the right environment Environmental factors also come into play. Creating the right environment through appropriate lighting conditions and temperature control can influence egg-laying patterns.

For instance, during the winter months, when daylight hours are shorter, supplemental light can be used to stimulate egg production. In the cold months you will also want to make sure they have fresh water available. If your water freezes and your chicken cannot drink, this will directly impact their production. By carefully managing these feeding and environmental factors, you can create an environment that encourages consistent and abundant egg laying from your flock.

Use herbs and supplements Some herbs and supplements are believed to have beneficial effects on egg production. For instance, adding herbs like oregano or garlic to their diet may promote general health and immune function. Calcium supplements, such as crushed eggshells or oyster shells, can also aid in shell formation.

While the effectiveness of these additives may vary, exploring natural remedies can be an interesting avenue to explore.

Other herbs that some believe aid in egg production include moringa, mint, and ginger.

Optimize your egg business with the best laying hens The challenges of declining egg production or inconsistent yields can be discouraging for any poultry enthusiast.

However, armed with knowledge and practical strategies, you have the power to overcome these obstacles.

Imagine the satisfaction of seeing your hens consistently laying high-quality eggs, meeting and surpassing your expectations. Picture the joy of providing your customers with a steady supply of farm-fresh eggs building a reputation for excellence in your community.

This comprehensive guide has provided you with a roadmap to unlock the full potential of egg laying. From understanding the physiological aspects of laying hens to creating an ideal housing environment, implementing proper nutrition, and practicing best management practices, you now have the tools to optimize your flock’s egg production.

Fall hay inventory

By Samantha Daniel, UNL How much feed or hay do you have going into winter? Will you have enough feed to provide for current cattle numbers?

Consider the “best case” and “worst case” scenarios.

Count bales, measure silage, evaluate remaining fall and winter pasture, and estimate how much possible grazing there will be. Of course, get a real idea of how many calves and feeders you will have. Some may have too much feed laying around that is getting old. Selling some may generate a premium.

Another action plan to consider is buying feeds that are cheaper now and storing them through the winter. We know how to do this with hay and silage, but what about distiller’s grains? Mixing with low quality feeds and packing in a bunker or in a bag, can significantly reduce the cost of protein and energy supplements during the winter months. This is especially helpful if cows are coming off grass thin and need to improve condition before calving.

Planning is indispensable. Having a feed inventory and checking prices and availability now will go a long way to reducing the anxiety of what we will feed our cows this winter.

Cattle compaction in cropland

By Ben Beckman, UNL Are you looking for additional income from your corn acres or feed for cattle?

Grazing corn residue is a low-cost winter feed source for cattle and a source of additional income for farmers without negative effects on the cropland.

Many crop producers are concerned that trampling from cattle grazing corn residue negatively affects crop yields. When grazed at proper stocking rates however, small but positive effects on crop production after grazing have been observed.

Research conducted at the University of Nebraska has shown that grazing corn residue at the recommended stocking rate does not reduce corn or soybean yields in irrigated fields the following growing season.

In fact, a long-term study in eastern Nebraska at the Eastern Research and Extension Center showed 2 to 3 bushel per acre improvements for soybean production following grazed corn residue in a corn-soybean rotation. This result was the same whether cattle grazed in the fall from November through January or spring from February through April.

A five-year study in western Nebraska measured corn yields from continuous corn after cattle grazing in the fall and found no negative effects on corn yields the following year.

It must be noted that minor surface compaction can result from grazing during wet weather. However, this compaction often disappears through the natural wetting and drying and freezing and thawing processes. Additionally, this compaction does not restrict root growth and does not carry over into the following growing season.

Grazing corn residue benefits both cattle and crop producers. Corn residue should be viewed as an economical source of winter roughage for cattle that can provide an extra source of income for corn producers that does not affect next year’s crop production. ##### In hockey, a “Gordie Howe hat trick” is a goal, an assist, and a fight. ##### Japanese invention: the Choc-U-Lator, a calcualtor that looks and smells like a chocolate bar.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A29

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Severinsen Irrigation LLC 406-467-3999

2231 HWY 89 Fairfield, MT 59436 Brett’s Cell 406-590-5003

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A30

Dillon ranchers receive MFBF Distinguished Service Award

Call For Early Order Pricing Through December

NEW EQUIPMENT

Vermeer BPX9010 processors, round or square bales. 1-Round, 1- Round/Square..................NEW Vermeer 605N, Auto Greaser......................NEW Highline BP660 BASE and FINAL CUT units..NEW Hustler Cake Bucket Euro mounts,............$9900

USED EQUIPMENT

New Holland 216 basket rake..................... $7500 Vermeer BP8000..................................... $13,000 Highline CFR650 with FC New Knives and Flails, Aux bale unloader valve...................................$24,000 Highline BP6800 NEW Flails/bearings......... $7500

NEW & USED EQUIPMENT

Used Highline 650 bale processor.CALL 2-Vermeer R2300’s rakes, used..... CALL NEW Vermeer R2800 rake.HERE NOW! (2) NEW Vermeer R2300 rakes............. ..........................................HERE NOW! Vermeer 605N baler, 15,000 bales.CALL Beltec post auger, 3-pt., multiple bits..$2800 1- Set Euro pallet fork...................$1640 Cat 930 loader, runs good......... $22,900 •Now building Gysler parts•

NEW & USED EQUIPMENT

New Vermeer BPX9010 bale processor..............CALL Highline bale processors.......................................CALL 2014 Highline CFR651 bale processor, chopper..$17,000 2019 Vermeer TM1410 21-ft. mower.............$45,000 New Vermeer TM1410 trailed mower.................CALL New ZR5-12 self-propelled baler.............. HERE NOW! Vermeer 605M 17,000 bales, pickup rebuilt, bearings, bushings, tooth bars.......................................$15,000 New Vermeer 605N baler..................................CALL

Dealer for Vermeer, Hayliner, and Chisolm Trail

DEMO/RENTAL RETURNS

Vermeer R2800 Vermeer VR1224 Vermeer 604R Signature with 450 bales Highline AMX850T TMR, float tires Hustler Unrolla TX205 2 bales, 50 hp Min. Vermeer & Bridon Netwrap Year-End Sale

1 Free Roll/Pallet + BIG DISCOUNTS $$$$

Wichman Ag Supply, LLC 406-538-5686 • Hilger, MT

www.wichmanagsupply.com

See new inventory on our Facebook page

New Geotherm Waterers & Parts Available

11/2 HDPE SDR11 IN STOCK

R&L Seed and Machine, LLC 1829 McCarthy Creek Rd Geyser, MT 59447 406-735-4374 rlmccray@3rivers.net

2019 Vermeer 605N 14,000 baler, new belts, chains, sprockets.......................................................$35,000 2018 Vermeer 605N 14,000 bales, through shop.......$34,000 John Deere 530 baler...................................... $3000 Chisholm Trail/Cannonball bale beds, dumping beds..

WW HD EZ 4-wheeler lifts for balebeds............... $1000 Hay Liner 42-ft., 8 bale dumping trailers.In Stock..$9500 Full line of feed and mineral products in stock

Hwy 12 Equipment & Repair 8201 Hwy 12 W - Baker, MT

Connor 406-778-3777 • hwy12equip@gmail.com

www.hwy12equipment.com

• In-Shop Repairs & Service Truck Repairs •

New & Used Equipment

Vermeer R2800 & R2300 hydraulic rakes.$NEW Vermeer 605N baler, net, moisture, pickup clutch.. .................................................................$NEW Vermeer VR1022, VR1224, VR1428, VR2040 wheel rakes................................................$NEW Vermeer BPX9010 bale processor.............$NEW Kuhn GMD5251TC multi disc mower...........$NEW Kuhn FC4661TCR mower conditioner..........$NEW Haybuster 2650 bale processor............. $16,500 Vermeer 605N baler, 10,000 +/- bales, net only.. ............................................................. $41,500 Farm King 1400 7 bale mover.....................$Call

Highline CRF650 bale processor, final cut.....$Call Vermeer R2800 hydraulic rake..............$30,000 Roto Grind 760 tub grinder..........................$Call Pride of the Prairie self-unloading 12-bale trailer.. ...................................................................$Call John Deere 566 baler, twine only, comes with extra parts.................................................... $7500

Gordon Repair, LLC

406-234-4595

Miles City, MT

www.gordonrepair.com clint@gordonrepair.com

Long-time Montana Farm Bureau members Harris and Sharon Wheat have received the Distinguished Service Award for their dedication to Farm Bureau, agriculture and their community. The couple, who hail from Dillon, were presented with the award Friday, November 10, during MFBF’s 104th Annual Convention Finale Banquet.

Harris has been involved in the Montana Farm Bureau and Southwest County Farm Bureau for over 50 years. He served on the board and as president of Southwest Counties Farm Bureau, as well as serving on the Montana Farm Bureau Board of Directors for 12 years.

Sharon and Harris were both raised in agriculture, met in 1997, and moved back to the Wheat Ranch outside of Dillon in 1994, where they have been raising sheep and cattle. They have served on several MFBF Advisory Committees, including the Sheep & Goat Committee and Weed Committee.

When the Montana Farm Bureau Young Farmers and Ranchers Hoofin’ it for Hunger Race that benefits the Montana Food Bank Network was moved to Dillon two years ago, the couple graciously opened their land to be part of the run. They also hosted a Montana Farm Bureau Foundation Dinner during a summer conference and held a rubber duck race to raise money for the foundation. They also donated guided fishing trips on Wheat’s Pond to raise money for the foundation.

Harris served on the conservation district board and the Beaverhead County weed board and he and Sharon were strong supporters of UM Western athletics. They were always interested in helping youth, involving many young people in Farm Bureau. Sharon has supported working college students over the years and has always supported the growth of agriculture, including bringing lambs to local schools and being active in the Farm Bureau and the Montana Woolgrowers.

Harris actively planned the Beaverhead County Fair and Dillon Labor Day rodeo in his youth. He received the UMW Bulldog Bash Distinguished Service Award and has been the Marshall of the Dillon rodeo parade.

“Harris and Sharon have done a wonderful job inspiring leaders,” said Montana Farm Bureau President Cyndi Johnson. “Because of their mentorship and engagement, many young people have become leaders in Farm Bureau and the community. They are certainly very deserving of the Montana Farm Bureau Distinguished Service Award.”

Prescribed burning for cedar tree control

By Jerry Volesky, UNL Eastern red cedar trees are a significant and expanding problem across many pasture and rangeland acres in Nebraska. When fire is planned and controlled properly, it can be a very useful tool to control these unwanted plants.

It is estimated that a single cedar tree with an 8-foot diameter could reduce forage production by 3 pounds. If you had a density of 200 trees per acre, that would translate into nearly a 1/3 loss in forage production because of the effects of area coverage, moisture use, and shading.

In addition to cedar tree impacts on forage production, excessive cedar trees will also dramatically alter habitat for many wildlife species that are adapted to a grassland environment. Also, in the event of a wildfire, uncontrolled cedar tree growth can result in devastating and destructive wildfires.

While mechanical cutting or shredding and herbicides are options to control cedar trees, a prescribed burn is by far the most economical approach.

Safe and controlled prescribed burns don’t just happen.

It takes preparation, planning, and an understanding of how fire reacts in certain weather conditions, with particular fuel loads, and on various types of topography.

You can begin to learn how to conduct a safe and effective prescribed burn by attending one or both of two upcoming meetings. The first is a workshop in Alma on November 30.

Contact Erin Laborie at 308-928-2119 for more information.

The second event is the 2023 Nebraska Prescribed Fire Conference. This conference will be held on December 5th in Kearney. To learn more about this conference, including registration and agenda, search online for Nebraska Prescribed Fire Conference.

Gene required for root hair growth, nitrate foraging found in grasses

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A31

low boy service

40-ton RGN trailer for hire to transport combines, tractors, sprayers, floaters, construction equipment, etc.

Within Montana & surrounding states.

We also have 48-ft. step deck trailers available.

Insured & experienced.

Call Roger at Roger Rader Inc., Sun River, MT 406-264-5475 or 406-799-5162 (Roger’s Cell) (MC# 170263 US DOT# 128029)

By Scott Weybright, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Scientists have found a plant gene that Sanguinet studies both crop and model drives the growth of root hairs, the tiny species. Model species are useful because structures that help plants find water and they lay the groundwork for work in crops nutrients in the soil. that are often difficult to transform and Identified by a team led by Washington study specific gene functions. She hopes State University researcher Karen Sanfindings like this gene will lead to renewed guinet, the gene, dubbed “BUZZ,” causes interest in basic research. faster-growing, denser webs of roots and “We hope people realize there is a place may also determine how plants find and use for discovery,” Sanguinet said. “Unless you nitrates, a prime source of nitrogen essential do the basic science that lays the groundto plant growth. Nitrates are also used in work for investigating molecular genetic fertilizers that can pollute the environment mechanisms of growth, it won’t enable as runoff, and this genetic discovery could the applied research that has more direct ultimately help plant scientists find ways to impact. It’s all part of a research arc. This grow crops more sustainably. is a great start to work that could be really “Nitrate runoff and nitrogen use effiimportant, and I’m excited to keep moving ciency are some of the preeminent issues forward on it.” facing agriculture,” said Sanguinet, associThe research was led by two PhD stuate professor in WSU’s Department of Crop dents from the Sanguinet lab: Thiel Lehman and Soil Sciences. “If you can understand and Miguel Rosas. Sanguinet and WSU colthe genetic mechanisms that control nitrate leagues worked with scientists from South uptake and signaling, as well as how plants Dakota State University, Northeast Normal can better use nitrate, it’s advantageous for University in China, and the University of agriculture, soil, water, fertilizer application Massachusetts, Amherst. and the entire nitrogen cycle.”

The study, published in the journal New Phytologist, found that the BUZZ gene adjusts root growth — High Quality Workmanship both the rate and lateral root Backed With Our 5 Year initiation — in response to the nitrate concentration in Manufacturer’s Warranty Make nearby soil.

“Expression of the BUZZ Belmont A Great Choice! gene is turned up in response www.qualitysales.us to nitrate, urea, and ammonia presumably so that roots can find nitrogen in the soil,” Sanguinet said.

“Loss of the gene shows a foraging root phenotype even when the nitrate supply Call for Details! is plentiful.”

The gene is expressed at very low levels and had never been described before, which made finding it more challenging.

“For such a sensitive response, the plant needs a gene that is discreet and tightly regulated. That’s what made it so hard to find,” Sanguinet said.

Identifying the gene in a model grass plant is also important because its function is likely conserved given the sequence similarity between grasses. Thus it translates to crops like wheat, rice, maize and barley. These crops are vital to feeding the world’s population, so a gene that could boost their ability to find and use nitrate could Belmont DT814DO-14K deckover dump trailer, ST235/80R16 “E”, spare tire, Belmont RODT12-14 14K roll off dump trailer, wireless remote, Honda engine have a large impact. mesh tarp kit, wireless remote, barn door/spreader gate, LED lights, fold and hydraulic winch, mesh tarp kit, 12K hydraulic jacks. Heavy-duty tubing Now that the researchers down sides with slam latch, wireless remote. Stock #00513......Call for Price frame, 1 dumpster. Stock #00699..................................................Call for Price have found and validated the biological role of the BUZZ gene, they are delving deeper into this newly discovered mechanism.

“Half the battle is getting to this point,” Sanguinet said. “Now we’re finding cool stuff about how plants use the gene that is very Belmont DT814DO-14K deckover dump trailer, specific to nitrate and root ST235/80R16 “E”, mesh tarp kit, wireless reBelmont DTX8116-14K low profile gooseneck mote, barn door/spreader gate, LED lights, fold dump trailer, HD, ST235/80R16 “E” tires, spare Belmont DTX8112-10K low profile dump trailer HD, systems. Figuring out how down sides with slam latch, wireless remote. tire, wireless remote, mesh tarp, dual 12K drop spare tire, mesh tarp, wireless remote, 12K top plants work is the joy of why Stock #00506........................................................... leg jacks, lockable toolbox. Stock #00105......Call wind drop leg jack. Stock #09198.... Call for Price we do this.”

CHECK OUT OUR YEAR END SALE ON ALL DUMP TRAILERS!

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A32

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

MacDon 842 pull-type rotary windrower.

New Holland 216 V rake.

Vermeer 605SM baler, twine and net.

John Deere 568 baler, twine and net.

Phone (406) 660-0110, Dillon, Montana

GRASS SEED FOR SALE

Cache Meadow Brome grass seed – $3.25/lb.

Manska wheatgrass seed – $3.25/lb.

Manifest wheatgrass seed – $3.25/lb.

(307) 202-0704 or (307)-645-3322

Milt Hartman (406) 380-0399 Livestock Dealer Insured & Bonded

Buyer Number: D00FFWV

Highwood, MT AUCTION • PASTURE • HAY • LOCAL HAULING

FOR SALE 3x4 square bales of straw Wood, coal, or biomass.

We have options for your heating needs!

Utah Sheep and Wool Industry Tour

By Brent Roeder MSU Extension Sheep and Wool Specialist A small group of Montana sheep producers and extension professionals toured six Utah operations involved in the sheep and wool industry to explore new technology and innovations. The US sheep and wool industry is going through a period of rapid change due to labor issues, changes in consumer demand, and major shifts in international trade.

The tour started in Logan at the USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Lab. This is the premier lab in the world dedicated to poisonous plant research. They focus on plants in the Western US but do research with cooperators around the world. They will soon be releasing an app to replace their published booklet covering all aspects of the major poisonous plants in the Western US. They Wool pellets at Wild Valley Farms. Photo by Brent mostly are focusing on larkspur and death Roeder. camas but are also looking at CBD oil hemp has patented the use of wool as a fertilizer varieties also now. Major messages on Pine as he has had numerous other countries try Needle Abortion: Move your calving date a to buy the rights, but he and his family are week or two later. Weaning weight reducdedicated to keeping it in the US to help tion is more than made up for by increased our domestic industry. He has also turned calf crop. Larkspur poisoning: Run sheep down other foreign companies who have ahead of cattle and do not run heifers on attempted to sell him product under the cost larkspur between the flower and seedpod of production in the US. Anyone can make stage. If a cow goes down, do not try to get wool pellets, the patent is for selling them her up. She will get up by herself if you do for use as a fertilizer (US Patent 10,131,584 not agitate her. Huge thank you to Dr. Daniel B2, Nov 20, 2018). The product is currently Cook and his crew. available on their website, Lowes online and The second stop on the first day of our Amazon. Research shows and commercial Utah Sheep and Wool Industry Tour was use to date validates this all-natural product Wild Valley Farms to learn about their wool has and unsuspected and immediate release pellet mill. Main things to know: Albert of nutrients from the lanolin component and then a slower natural release of nutrients as the wool fiber degrades during the growing season. Wilt test studies demonstrated that potted plants could go a week without water and tomato plants reach sale size in half the time when compared with other natural fertilizers. Albert offers custom processing also. He will pellet your wool and ship it back to you for $4 per pound in either a one-half-pound bag or 22-pound sack or $3 per pound in a bulk ag bag. Great tour and discussion about helping solve the low value wool issue currently plaguing our industry.

Thanks for your dedication to our industry, LLC an educational afternoon and great lamb supper Albert and the Wilde family.

The morning tour of the second day was at Grip 6 in Midvale. Great tour and discussion by Kevin Rogers on their company’s TrDeath easur e the Poisonous Plant Lab. attempt to produce a myriad of products Dried Camas at

treasure state wood boilers llc Treasure State Wood Boilers llc Treasure State Wood Boilers Take advantage of up to $2000 tax credit per year available on Pristine Models only

ure Charley & Natalie treasure state e Bucklin wood d boilers llc lers406-879-9723 LLC Bigfork, MT - Chinook, MT

crownroyalstoves.com

Sales • Installation • Service TreasureStateWoodBoilers@gmail.com Charley W. Bucklin | 406-879-9723 TreasureStateWoodBoilers@gmail.com

ure e d lers LLC

Bigfork, MT

treasure state wood boilers llc

St at e Wood Boi l er s LLC

Photo by Brent Roeder.

COLORS

I believe the Krogmann BaleBed is the most outstanding bed on the market. I like the features this bed has over the competition.”

- Roger Miller, Booker, TX Side toolboxes 30” Lx17” H x 12” D standard size of 12 ga. steel with stainless steel hinges and latch.

Custom built Across the bed toolbox shorter or longer beds. 70”Lx1O”H x 20’W - complete Standard Equip: with stainless steel hinges, arm extensions, gn tray and gas shock. & receiver hitches, side rails, lights, trailer plug & pioneer Lift, Haul and dump with the Krogmann Carry-All quick connects.

1-877-745-3783 • www.krogmannmfg.com

Wool sock knitting machines at Grip 6.

CONTINUED ON PAGE A34

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A33

We’d appreciate it if you tell an advertiser you read his ad in the Trader’s Dispatch.

Henke ~ Chester, MT HENKE ENTERPRISES INC. Dougcell (406) 799-2616

40-ft. to 48-ft. header trailers available

eDrive Coming for John Deere & Case Sprayers!!

ROMAFA STAINLESS STEEL AIR SEEDER PARTS AVAILABLE! 10-ft. & 12-ft. dirt box blades

MANY USED SPRAYERS FOR SALE, MORE COMING!!!!!

$49,900 AND UP!!!!

Website - trucksprayers.com Henke Enterprises Inc. offers-

Jaxson Van Haur of Valier displays one of his doelings for 4-Hers to learn about meat goat judging on. Brent Roeder, MSU Extension sheep and goat specialist, was on hand at the 4-H workshop to teach 4-Hers about sheep, goat, and wool judging. Photo by Kari Lewis.

* Complete Spray Truck assembly * Truck Frame work * Hydraulic work * Welding of steel, aluminum, stainless steel * Machining - lathe work (18”x80”) and milling * Custom built wheels for floaters & etc. - Powder Coated * Crane truck work 50-ft. of height * Electronic testing and repairs * Over 20 years experience with Marflex-SprayFlex sprayers * All sprayers tested on our irrigated and dryland farm

IN STOCK

MARFLEX SPRAYER PARTS AVAILABLE

BUILDING ~ COMING IN

2013 Sprayflex sprayer, 120-ft. boom, 1300 gallon tank, 2004 International 4300 truck, floater tires .......................................$59,900 2012 International 7400 with 120-ft. sprayer ... ............................................................... Call 2009 John Deere 4930 **EDRIVE sprayer new electric drive conversion 120-ft. booms ........ .......................................................$169,900

Contact your authorized dealer

Henke Enterprises Inc., Doug Henke, Chester, MT

• 406-759-5877 or cell 406-799-2616

email: grain@ttc-cmc.net

The Automatic Wrap Twine Remover (WTR) will cut twine or netwrap on: 4’x5’, 5’x5’, 5’x6’ Round Bales or Large Square Bales up to 8’

If you make a pdf to make smaller like October 2016 be sure to make High Quality pdf

When the bale is ready to be fed

After the wrap is cut the hooks

The arms can be rotated up out

The tractor operator can release

of the way pulling the wrap off the hooks and dump the wrap in hold onto the wrap. The The Hillco WTR safely removes twine and/ the cutting knife and hooks are engaged cutting and grabbing of the bale. The bale is then a pile outside of the pen or in a pressure on the squeeze arms or netwrap from round bales and large the wrap. dumped into the feeder. garbage bin. is released. square bales, without the need for the operator to get off the tractor.

Hillco Technologies, Inc. - Nezperce, Idaho - 800.937.2461 - hillcotechnologies.com 2023 Hillco WTR.indd 1

Your Seed Source for 45 years

11/20/2023 10:19:30 AM

2380 US Highway 89 Fairfield, MT

800-572-4769

treasure@3rivers.net

Come Visit with us at the MAGIE, January 17, 18, & 19 – 2024 Great Falls, MT

Wishing all of our friends and customers a very Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A34

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

Utah Sheep and Wool Industry Tour CONTINUED FROM PAGE A32

Flexi-Coil 57-ft. air drill, 12” spacing with 3450 pull between cart.

Summers Ultimate 100-ft. sprayer with 1500 gallon tank, Trimble guidance system.

Brandt 5000 grain vac.

Call 406-788-4364, located East of Brady, MT

HAY WAGON FOR SALE

Badger hay wagon

Phone (406) 505-0295

Rough Cut Lumber Units

NOW ON SALE!

Save over 50% on marked full dimension, low grade units:

• 10-ft. windbreak units (Reg. $480) ...... NOW $300 • #3 Grade 1x10x8 units (Reg. $1200) .... NOW $667 • #3 Grade 1x10x10 units (Reg. $1500) ... NOW $833 • #3 Grade 1x12x8 units (Reg. $1228) .... NOW $512

Wool sorting line at Utah Wool Marketing.

that are made of at least 90% American sourced materials. From wool beanies and socks, pickle ball paddles, credit card wallets, belts and buckles, the company strives to bring engineering innovations to the production process while generating a positive cash flow. Kevin takes pride in their ability to add things like robotic automation to reduce worker injury and then retrain the young workers on new positions to make the whole production process more efficient. Producing many different products through many different stages gives the young engineering employees a breath of knowledge and experience hard to find anywhere else. It is nice to see a company so enthusiastic about reinvigorating the US

manufacturing enterprising spirit and using American wool.

The afternoon of the second day was spent in Tooele at the Utah Wool Marketing Association with some great discussion with manager Will Griggs about the history and current state of the Utah and American wool industry. The Association started selling wool in 1926 and moved to its current location from downtown Salt Lake City in 2006. They manage several million pounds of clips from 16 to 34 micron. Like many warehouses, they are struggling to find buyers for wool over twenty-three microns.

We did buy some of the old-style sheep leg crooks they are having custom made.

Thanks, Will.

• #3 Grade 1x12x10 units (Reg. $1536) ... NOW $640 • #3 Grade 1x8x6 units (Reg. $633) ....... NOW $480 • #4 Grade 1x4x10 units (Reg. $400) ...... NOW $300 Offer ends January 12, 2024, and is only valid while supplies last.

Please no returns on sale items.

Sustainable. Responsible. Local.

A new build at Western Range Camps.

www.centrol-llc.com SIGN UP TODAY FOR YOUR 2024 SOIL SAMPLING! Standard Analysis, Complete Analysis, or Soil Health.

0-6 inch, 6-24 inch and 24-42 inch depths Composite or Variable Rate Sampling with prescription writing.

3 GPS guided trucks available.

Take the guesswork out of your fertility program with soil sampling from Centrol.

Independently owned, serving the Golden Triangle since 1985.

Joel Farkell Jeff Farkell CCA CPAg/CCA 406-581-6243 406-788-4875 centrol_llc@outlook.com

We had a great tour Western Range Camps on the morning of the third and final day of touring the Utah Sheep and Wool Industry. Heidi Anderson took us through the whole process from design to delivery.

They offer complete customization of each camp based on the buyer’s needs, but still offer their basic sheep camp. They are about nine months out now for delivery. Quality of materials and craftsmanship used is exponentially better than a standard recreational vehicle. Considering most herders are overseeing around $600,000 worth of sheep in a band, a $30,000 purchase that will withstand many years of use might be a good investment. One custom order even requested wool insulation which they were able to install. For more northern climates, they can add double pane windows and

other features for a higher r value. They also refurbish older sheep camps.

The final stop was the Sheep Discovery Center in Nephi. If you were at the MWGA Annual Convention two years ago, you would have heard Rick Stott, CEO of Superior Farms, outline their vision for this facility. Convert a turkey barn system into the most technologically advanced sheep lambing system in the Western US using the latest feeding equipment, DNA and management systems available. The tour and discussion led by Jordan Atkinson did not disappoint. Hats off to this young man and his crew for taking a big dream and getting it well on its way. The last turkeys left this spring, and many things are still under construction and development, but they have CONTINUED ON PAGE A36

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A35

See these units & more info at www.precisiontruckandtrailersales.com

Specializing In Pre-ELog and Pre-EGR Trucks!

$75,000

2027 Hwy 2 NW • Havre, MT 59501 (406) 265-4563 • Mark Reinmuth 406-262-3842

$89,900

$49,900 2006 Kenworth W900 Cat C15 Acert, 13 speed, inframe overhaul, new clutch, new stacks.

$28,000

1994 Kenworth T800

1995 Kenworth W900B

Detroit 12.7L, 470 hp, 15 speed, low hour repl motor just installed, heavy rear full lockers, New steering gear and New clutch, freshly painted frame.

3406E, 550 hp, 18 speed, receent engine work, New cylinder head, 40” flat top, push axle, Pre ELOG

$79,900

$39,900 2007 International 9400i

Cummins ISX, 400 hp, 10 speed, 42” flattop, all aluminum wheels, 215” wheelbase.

2007 Kenworth W900L

2013 Freightliner Cascadia

Cat C15, 435 hp, 13 speed, new inframe overhaul, new paint, double bunk, working APU.

We are your Dealer for It’s the 21st Century - Time To Go Electric!

Cummins ISX, 475 hp, 13 speed, low mile repl. motor just installed, new clutch, new brakes, fridge, running APU.

$6500

• Worm gear creates an instant, positive lock • Rotating and telescoping motor mount, no mid joint to fail • Low profile design allows for better clearance Rear Options:

1975 Ford F600 grain/stock truck

330 Ford V8 2V, 4x2 transmission, 194” wheelbase, 85k.

$14,500

• Three point, high clearance design mounts on original equipment.

• Delivers the ideal torque to open and close the hopper.

• Proven chain drive built to last with corrosion resistant metal housing.

$15,000

2018 Paccar Motor

Complete, ECM included. No issues.

389,983 miles on motor

1995 International 8200 N14 Cummins, 400 hp, 10 speed, grille guard, pintle hitch, 152” wheelbase.

TRAILERS FOR SALE $4200 $8500

Header Trailer

2 Available

1998 Silver Eagle Converter Dolly

Quality Used Trucks & Trailers 888-453-4563

FRONT DOOR DELIVERY AVAILABLE

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page A36

Say you saw it in the Trader’s Dispatch

LARGES BREEDING BOX FOR SALE

Larges breeding box, stationary single animal unit. Has a back slide gate, drop down bar, front release swing gate, swinging breeding door. This unit has always been indoors and is in nearly new condition.

Also 2W maternity pen.

Located in Miles City, Montana Phone (406) 852-0381

Scott Schmiedeke (406) 240-2572 Victor, MT

Henry Kallis (605) 639-1904 Spearfish, SD

See us on the web: www.tte-inc.com

2005 Cat TH210 1955 hours, preemission machine, enclosed cab with heat and A/C, auxiliary hydraulics, joystick controls, skid steer quick attach, weighs approximately 12,500 lbs, 5000 lb lift, 18-ft. reach, has been through the shop, just serviced, excellent condition. Located in Spearfish, SD.......$62,500 2019 Case 850M WT 810 hours, enclosed cab with heat and AC, cloth air ride seat, AM/FM radio, cab sweeps, 5 shank ripper, 124” PAT blade, Leica iCONgrade iCP32 machine control system, like new condition, just serviced, needs nothing, very clean dozer. Located in Spearfish, SD........................................................................ $149,900 2012 Manitou 10120L telehandler, enclosed, heat and AC, 1225+hours, Mercedes turbo diesel engine (177 hp), 4x4, 3 steering modes, fender package, light package, auxiliary hydraulics, coupler, hydraulic fork slide, 98” carriage, 96” forks, nice foam filled tires, hydrostatic drive, 2 speed travel, joy stick controls, has been through the shop, recent service, excellent condition, 26,500 lb lift. Located in Spearfish, SD.....................................$149,900 2017 Bobcat S740 2370+- hours, enclosed cab with heat and A/C, joy stick controls with pattern changer, nice solid deal tires, HiFlow auxiliary hydraulics, auxiliary electrics, 3100 lbs operating capacity, 6200 lbs tip load, has been through the shop, all repairs have been done, just serviced, very clean and tight machine. Located in Spearfish, SD..............................$48,900 2014 Bobcat E35, 2940 +/- hours, enclosed cab with heat and AC, coupler, hydraulic thumb, 24” bucket, leveling blade, 2 speed travel, has been through the shop, all repairs done, fresh service. Located in Victor, MT................................................................................ $43,900 2015 Case 621F, 5125 hours, EROPS with heat and AC, ride control, reversing fan, JRB hydraulic coupler, 3CY bucket, very nice radial tires, has been through our shop, just serviced, the loader is in excellent condition. Located in Spearfish, SD............................................................................. $89,500 2013 Case 621F, 4655 hours, enclosed cab with heat and AC, ride control, reversing fan, JRB hydraulic coupler, auxiliary hydraulics, 3 CY bucket, very nice radial tires, has been through our shop, all repairs have been done, just serviced, the loader is in excellent condition and job site ready. Located in Spearfish, SD.............. $89,500

Utah Sheep and Wool Industry Tour CONTINUED FROM PAGE A34

implemented several key components of the vision Rick laid out. The fodder system that many producers have questions about is currently being installed by Renaissance Ag of Vineyard Utah. The system returns 0.9 pounds of fodder for every one pound of barley grain that enters the system. Some would ask why use a system that returns 90%? The system requires only barley seed, recycled water, no light and is fully automated to produce a forage like alfalfa with only 5% of the water use. Each row in the system will produce 15,000 pounds of 85% moisture fodder in 6 days, automatically dump, clean, and reseed itself. Their highest ration contains 40% fodder and recent research at Utah State documented a large increase in quality grades of animals fed fodder verses traditional forage. All ewes are EID tagged and samples collected and processed by Flock 54 for genomic testing. The facility will have the capacity to lamb 12,000 ewes three times in two years through synchronized lambing. The ultimate mark is to hit a 160% lamb crop with one full time employee per one thousand ewes as all systems come online. FYI, they are currently hiring. This system is not for every operation, and many will scoff, but they are experimenting to see how competitively we can produce US lamb.

Fodder grow systems at the Sheep Discovery Center.

MSF works to connect consumers and ranchers through food service industy

The Montana Stockgrowers Foundation (MSF) Cattle Drive program has set out to do something no other cattle organization in the state has done—match Montana born, raised, and fed cattle with local restaurants and retailers. The “Montanans Feeding Montana Initiative” seeks to connect the Montana food service industry to the high-quality beef raised by Montana ranchers.

The Cattle Drive program is in its sixth year, with this year launching the valueadded focus that intentionally pairs partners together to keep the entire beef supply chain in Montana. One of the program’s goals is to economically increase profitability for everyone involved.

“Montana Stockgrowers understands the importance and desire of customers to know where their food comes from. What we have strived to do is link some of the best producers in the world, that are right here in Montana, with Montana consumers. We have it all right here in Montana. We have the best ranchers in the world, we have feed yards, and we have a lot of feed coming off the Yellowstone Valley that is being fed. To link Montana consumers through Montana restaurants and retail is really a win-win for everyone,” explained Turk Stovall, MSGA Second Vice President and owner of Yellowstone Cattle Feeders.

Each fall the MSF Cattle Drive program seeks steer donations from ranchers and businesses across the state. Donated animals are transported to Yellowstone Cattle Feeders in Shepherd, Mont., where they are put into the program and fed to ideal market weight.

When each steer is at optimum weight, the process to match the donor’s steer with a restaurant or retailer in the region in which the steer had originated starts. Working with Blue Creek Marbled Meat Company the steer is harvested. Over 85% of the total steers donated in last year’s Cattle Drive were sold to local Montana retailers and restaurants through this Montanans Feeding Montana Initiative.

“I have always had a deep appreciation for where the food is coming from, what it’s eating, where it’s been, who’s handled it. To

be able to come out to Yellowstone Cattle Feeders, from day one, and be able to see that and be hands-on in the process, it’s been an incredible experience,” shared Andy Glynn, Executive Chef of Billing’s High Horse Saloon and Eatery. “Anyone can go to the grocery store and pick up beef and take it home, put it on the grill and have dinner. But I want it to be more than dinner. I want it to be a meal. I want it to be a memory.”

Feddes Family Meats in Amsterdam, Little Belt Cattle Company in Bozeman, High Horse Saloon and Eatery and the Northern Hotel in Billings, and the Black Iron Grill Rotisserie in Miles City all participated in this year’s program. Additionally, Bret and Kim Lesh purchased beef through this program.

MSF released a short film promoting the “Montanans Feeding Montana” initiative and highlighting one of the unique partnerships Montana Stockgrowers has created through this program. The film focuses on how the program works and the benefits to every sector in the pasture to plate experience. It includes interviews from Montana Stockgrowers members and Montana ranchers, a restaurant owner, and executive chef. Find the video at www.mtcattledrive.org [mtcattledrive.org].

“The primary goal of the program is to raise funds for the Montana Stockgrowers Foundation to support educational programs for producers, youth and the general public, academic scholarships, grants, and support leadership opportunities for those in the cattle industry,” explained Heidi Kool, MSF Program Coordinator. “This is also an exciting opportunity for ranchers to consider participating in because donors receive steer progress reports and carcass data of their steer’s performance against the best cattle in the state.”

Donations are currently being accepted for this upcoming year, to donate contact MSF Program Coordinator, Heidi Kool at foundation@mtbeef.org or (406) 461-0642, or visit www.mtcattledrive.org [mtcattledrive.org].

MSF would like to thank all its generous donors who have participated over the past six years of the program.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B1

2W Spreading, Choteau MT ................B12 3V Distributing, Conrad MT .................C27 7W Farms, Inverness MT ....................C20 A-Plus Auto, Great Falls MT ................C12 Abilene Machine Inc, Abilene KS ........B14 Accelerated Metal Solutions, Glendive MT ............................................................ A2 Action Toys, Billings MT ........................C9 Affordable Construction Equipment, Billings & Bozeman MT .................................B15 Ag Trucks & Equipment, Great Falls MT.... ..........................................................B19 Ag Wise, Kremlin MT ...........................B19 Albaugh, LLC, Seed Start......................B4 Amsoil, Big Sky Synthetics, Deer Lodge MT.....................................................B14 Augmenta, Torgerson’s .........................B5 Badland Truck Sales, Glendive MT .....C25 BC Trucking & Livestock, Milt Hartman, Highwood MT ................................... A32 Beartooth Mahindra, Billings MT ......... A29 Ben Taylor, Valier & Shelby MT ..............B9 Big Fat Seed, Shonkin, MT .................C28 Big Horn Sainfoin Seed Co., Powell WY ... .......................................................... A32 Big Sky Equipment, Conrad MT ..........C31 Big Sky Mahindra, Great Falls MT.........B7 Big Sky Pipe, Great Falls MT.................C9 Big Sky Sawmill & Wood Products, Vaughn MT..................................................... A16 Big Sky Synthetics, Amsoil, Deer Lodge MT.....................................................B14 Billings Farm & Ranch Supply, Billings MT ..........................................................B14 Bjorn Johnson Construction, Missoula MT .......................................................... A24 BTI Feeds, Cut Bank MT .......................B9 Bull Mountain Fencing, Yoder, Dan, Roundup MT ...............................................C26 C & B Operations, LLC, Billings, Culbertson & Plentywood, MT, Sheridan, WY, Powell, WY ........................................... C18, C19 Cascade Machine & Supply, Great Falls MT.....................................................B12 Centrol Crop Consulting LLC, Brady & Conrad MT........................................ A34 Clearview Seed, Denton MT................C32 Crown Agro, Graham Seed Treating, Center ND....................................................... A2 Cut Bank Tire, Cut Bank MT ...............C34 Dakota Truck & Farm, Minot ND..........B17 DBL Sales & Service, Coffee Creek MT .... ................................................. A28, C21 Doane Western of Montana, Bozeman MT .......................................................... A25 Double Diamond Truck & Equipment Sales, Missoula MT .....................................B18 Dry Fork Ag, Ledger MT ...................... A29

Index

Rehbein Ford, Inc., Plains MT ............. A10 Reinke, RPH Irrigation Services, Choteau MT..................................................... A12 Rockwell Scales, Simms MT ............... A26 Rocky Mountain Propane, Worden MT .....

Escrow Montana LLC, Whitefish MT ... A31 Kois Brothers, Great Falls & Billings MT.... ............................................................C8 ............................................................C8 First State Bank, Shelby, MT ............... A14 Roger Rader, Inc, Sun River MT .......... A31 Fisher Metal Products, Fort Benton, MT ... Krogmann Mfg..................................... A32 RPH Irrigation Services, Reinke, Choteau ..........................................................C28 Lattin & Sons, Power MT................ B7, C2 MT..................................................... A12 Flaman Rentals, Power MT ............ B7, C2 Laurel Trading Post, Laurel MT............ A18 Severinsen Irrigation, Zimmatic & RMB Bins, Floyd’s Truck Center, NE, WY, SD, MT ...... Lewistown Honda, Lewistown MT ......C28 Fairfield MT ....................................... A29 .......................................................... A16 M & M Auto, Trailers, & Welding, Stevensville MT..................................................... A20 Shop Specialties, Valier MT...................C6 Fort Benton Realty, Fort Benton MT ...B14 Sod Buster Sales, Polson MT .... A15, C26 Fox Ford, Wolf Point MT......................B16 M & W Machine, Three Forks MT ........B18 SprayFlex, Henke Enterprises, Chester, Fraser’s Oil Inc., Inverness MT ............C14 Mahindra, Beartooth Harley Davidson, BillMT..................................................... A33 ings MT ............................................. A29 Frieling’s Agricultural Equipment, Great Falls Steel Etc, Great Falls MT ......................C7 Mahindra, Big Sky Harley, Great Falls MT .

MT........................................A3, B13, C5 ............................................................B7 Stokes Fencing, Conrad MT..................C4 Frontier Precision (formally Triangle Ag), Fort Sullivan Brothers Construction, Conrad Benton MT ........................................ A17 Marks Lumber, Clancy MT .................. A34 MT.....................................................C16 MDS Construction Supply, Great Falls MT Frontline Ag Solutions Dillon, Dillon MT ....

Sunrise Hoppers, Bow Island AB Canada ............................................................C8 .......................................................... A27 ..........................................................C15 Frontline Ag Solutions, Choteau, Conrad, Missouri River Realty, Glasgow, Malta, MT Super SmartRooms/Superform ICF, Avon ............................................................ A7 Cut Bank, Dillon, Lewistown, Havre, ChesMT............................................ B16, C22 ter, Great Falls, Belgrade, Livingston MT Montana Ag Safety Program ...............C10 T & T Farm Supply, LLC, Chester MT....B6 ..................................................A20, A21 Montana Fence, Billings, Bozeman, Great Taylor Farm Store, Shelby MT ...............B9 Falls, Kalispell MT ..............B4, C20, C32 Glass Trucking, Denton MT ................. A16 TCB Transport LLC, Geyser MT ..........B18 Golden Harvest Seeds, Big Sandy MT..B8 Montana Holster & Shoulder Rig, Great Falls Tiber Tractor Co., Chester MT .............C15 MT.....................................................B17 Gordon Repair, LLC, Miles City MT ..... A30 Tilleman Equipment Company, Havre & Graham Seed Treating, Crown Agro, Center Montana Metal Fabrications, Great Falls Great Falls MT ..................................C21 MT....................................................... A6 ND....................................................... A2 Tom’s Shop, Grass Range MT.............C10 Greyn Fertilizer, Choteau, Dutton, Valier Mountain View Metal Works, Wilsall MT ...

Torgerson’s LLC, Ethridge, Glasgow, Great ............................................................B1 MT.....................................................C36 Falls, Havre, Billings, Lewistown, BelGrossenburg Equipment, Winner, Pierre, MQS, Montana Quality Structures, Stevensgrade, Hysham, Kalispell, Denton MT .... ville MT .............................................C17 Philip, Belle Fourche, Beresford SD, ................................................... B5, C29 Wayne, Bloomfield, Hartington NE, Sun- MT Tractors, Matt Pendergast, Stevensville Transport Equipment, Missoula MT ....C16 MT.......................................................B4 dance WY .........................................B11 Treasure State Seed, Fairfield MT ....... A33 Hedman, Inc, Grass Range MT ............. A5 Musselshell Valley Equipment, Roundup Treasure State Wood Boilers, LLC, Bigfork, MT.............................................. B3, C33 Helfert’s Helena Farm Supply, East Helena MT..................................................... A32 MT..................................................... A22 New Homes of the Future, Billings MT ......

Tri-County Implement, Sidney MT....... A25 .......................................................... A14 Henke Enterprises, SprayFlex & Big Dog Tri-State Truck & Equipment, Belgrade, Mowers, Chester MT ....................... A33 North Star Equipment, Simms MT ......C23 Billings, Great Falls MT, Casper WY, Rock Highland Specialty Grain, Inc. (McKay Seed Northern Ford, Cut Bank MT ...............C11 Springs WY ....................................... A15 Co.), Moses Lake WA .......................B13 Northern Prairie Auto Sales, Wolf Point Triangle Ag Service, (now Frontier PreciMT.....................................................C34 Hillco Technologies, Inc. Nezperce, ID ...... sion), Fort Benton MT ....................... A17 ..................................................A28, A33 Nuseed, Breckenridge, MN ................. A19 Triple T Sales, Chinook MT......... A12, C35 Hoven Equipment Co., Great Falls & Lew- Pete’s Auto Sales, Great Falls MT ....... A23 TT&E Inc, Victor MT............................. A36 istown MT ...........................................C3 Platinum Auto Center, Big Timber MT ...C2 Vantage, Frontier Precision, Fort Benton Hwy 12 Equipment & Repair, Baker MT .... Precision Truck & Trailer, Havre MT ..... A35 MT..................................................... A17 .......................................................... A30 Price Truck & Equipment Sales, Missoula Vaughn Truck, Havre MT .......................C6 MT.....................................................C17 J & T Equipment Sales, Stevensville MT ...

VW Mfg, Chester MT ...........................B10 ..........................................................C24 Quality Sales, Great Falls MT ....... A31, C9 Weaver Grain Bins, Power MT ............ A26 J Bar T Bins & Steel Buildings, Chester R & L Seed & Machine LLC, Geyser MT ...

Wichman Ag Supply LLC, Hilger MT ... A30 .......................................................... A30 MT..................................................... A17 Wild Horse Seed, Havre MT ................ A15 Jamieson Motors, Inc., Chinook MT ......... RDO Equipment, Kalispell, MT ............B12 XB Trailer Sales, Great Falls MT .......... A13 ................................................... A18, B2 RDO Equipment, Missoula MT ............B12 Zimmatic, Severinsen Irrigation, Fairfield Johnsen Trailer Sales, Inc., Bismarck & Reddig Equipment & Repair, Kalispell MT. MT..................................................... A29 ..........................................................C22 Fargo ND ..........................................B17 Zimmerman Manure & Silage Hauling, FairRedhead Equipment, Regina SK Canada . field MT ...............................................C4 ............................................................C1

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B2

The deadline for advertising for the January 2024 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be December 27th.

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Big Timber FFA shines at National FFA Convention

The Big Timber FFA Chapter had a spectacular week in Indianapolis, Indiana. Big Timber took two teams to the National Convention to compete. The Veterinary Science Team was made up of Weston Sondeno, Guildy Browning, Sierra Mauland and Allison Hitt. The team competed over the course of two days taking written tests and participating in a variety of practicums. Weston, Sierra and Guildy all placed in the gold division when the awards were presented, and Allison finished in the bronze division. As a team the Big Timber Vet Science Team finished in sixth place overall. The team is coached by Taylor and Austin Standley.

The Big Timber FFA Chapter Livestock Judging Team departed for Nationals on October 27th. The team spent four days on the road practicing for the contest. They made stops at several cattle, sheep, and swine operations in Illinois. Most mornings started at 6 am and finished with the girls finally getting to bed around 11 pm.

The team members were Morgan Anderson, Rylee Swartz, Mollie Ruth and RaeAnna King. This team has traveled numerous miles together honing their craft. Morgan has been a member of the livestock judging program in Big Timber for ten years, while Mollie and RaeAnna have been members for nine years and Rylee has been involved for seven years.

This team of young ladies have taken a long road to get to the National FFA Contest. They were the high team overall at the Arizona National in 2019 as junior 4-H members. In 2021 they finished fifth at the National Western Stock Show in Denver on the 4-H side. In 2022 they finished sixth at the National 4-H Contest in Louisville while placing fourth in swine and having both Mollie and RaeAnna named as All Americans by placing in the top 20 individually. They then won the State FFA Contest again in 2023 to qualify for the National FFA Contest. In September the team traveled to Nebraska and competed at the Aksarben Livestock Judging Contest finishing 15th out of thirty-one teams. Every one of these young ladies has led the team at some point and have also experienced being the pusher on the team.

At the National FFA Contest the team had to place classes of market steers, Simmental heifer calves, performance Angus heifer calves, market hogs, Yorkshire breeding gilts, market lambs, wether dam ewes, wether dam does, performance Angus bulls, along with classes of keep/cull Simmental heifers, crossbred gilts, and blackfaced ewes. They further had to answer questions on the keep/cull gilts and give four sets of oral reasons. When the results were announced all four members placed in the gold division, with Morgan finishing tenth high individual overall. As a team they placed second in questions, first in swine, second in reasons and Reserve National Champions Overall.

With placing in the top three teams in the country they are now invited to judge in Scotland and Ireland in June of 2024. There were 44 teams competing at the National FFA Livestock Judging Contest. The team is coached by Marc King and Austin Standley. ##### Smile! In Pocatello, Idaho, it is illegal to look unhappy. ##### In case anyone asks: “filibeg” is another word for kilt.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B3

New 2024 Case IH Windrowers • Cut at speeds up to 20 mph.

• New hydraulic system for smoother operation and increased GPM. • New guidance system with Drive by Wire.

• New cab and rear axle suspension.

• Variable displacement ground drive and heater pump.

• New engine and hydraulic cooling systems.

• RD5 rotary headers provide a cleaner cut with longer knives and low profile.

• More productivity, improved performance and low cost per acre operation.

WD 2505’s and WD 2105’s IN STOCK AND ARRIVING SOON If you’re looking for a new windrower, don’t pass us by!

New RB565 Premium Round Balers • 6-ft. 10” wide pickup with 160 tines • Premium balers with mesh and twine • Overshot feeding system • Endless belts with 3 year/15,000 warranty • Patented bale formation system • Adjustable bale density system • Moisture monitor system • 2 year warranty

New RB 565 Premium Balers in Stock and Arriving Soon 418 Main, Roundup, MT 1-888-423-2605 or 406-323-2605 Guy Maberry - cell 406-350-1167, home 406-538-3634

Contact us at or www.musselshellvalley.com or www.caseih.com/dealers/musselshellvalley

Twinstar rugged built rakes are designed to rake two windrows together and for turning hay to speedup drying time prior to baling for high production hay farming, custom operators, dairies raking green chop and raking bio feed stocks. Twinstar Rakes produce consistent uniform windrows and the cleanest hay on the market. Twinstar rakes are designed for precision raking, functionality and built to last. If you’ve tried the rest, now buy the BEST.

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B4

If you enjoy reading the Trader’s Dispatch, and have found what you were looking for, please tell an advertiser.

MT Tractors Call (406) 370-6362 - Stevensville, MT Email: penderfarms@aol.com

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Trader’s Dispatch

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Year-end tax planning for farmers

By Samantha Gehrett, Penn State Extension Year-end tax planning is a crucial aspect of financial management for farmers. As the fiscal year comes to a close, it’s essential to evaluate your farm’s financial situation and make strategic decisions to minimize your tax liability. In this article, we’ll outline essential strategies and considerations for effective year-end tax planning for farmers.

Assess Your Current Financial Situation Before diving into tax planning, it’s vital to understand your farm’s current financial position. Review your income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements to get a clear picture of your financial health. This information will be the foundation of your year-end tax planning.

Consult with a Tax Professional Engaging a tax professional who specializes in agricultural taxation is highly recommended. They can provide valuable insights into tax credits, deductions, and other incentives specific to farming. Collaborating with an expert can help ensure you maximize your tax benefits.

Review Capital Expenditures Consider making necessary capital expenditures before the year-end. Section 179 of the tax code allows for immediate expensing of certain capital assets, such as equipment and machinery. This can significantly reduce your taxable income for the current year.

Depreciation Planning Review your farm’s assets and assess if any should be depreciated. Depreciation allows you to spread the cost of an asset over several years, reducing your taxable income.

Consult your tax advisor to determine the most advantageous depreciation method for your specific circumstances.

Inventory Management Take stock of your inventory, including crops and livestock. Proper inventory management can help you optimize your cost of goods sold (COGS) and potentially reduce your tax liability. You may be able to adjust the value of your inventory based on market prices or other factors.

Tax Credits and Deductions Explore potential tax credits and deductions available to farmers. These can include credits for energy-efficient equipment, conservation easements, and research and development expenses. Be sure to take advantage of any incentives that apply to your farming operations.

Consider Timing of Income and Expenses Timing is crucial in tax planning. Depending on your farm’s financial situation, it may be advantageous to defer income into the next tax year or accelerate expenses into the current year. This can help manage your tax liability more effectively.

Farm Business Structure Review your farm’s legal structure, whether it’s a sole proprietorship, partnership, LLC, or corporation. The structure you choose can impact your tax obligations. Consult with your tax advisor to determine if there are more tax-efficient alternatives.

Evaluate Retirement Plans Explore retirement plans specifically designed for farmers, such as Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) or Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) plans. Contributions to these plans can be tax-deductible, providing a double benefit of saving for retirement and reducing your tax liability.

Stay Informed Tax laws and regulations can change, so staying updated on any new tax legislation that may affect farmers is essential. Your tax advisor can help you adapt to these changes and ensure compliance with the law.

Year-end tax planning is a critical component of managing a successful farming operation. By assessing your financial situation, collaborating with a tax professional, and implementing strategic tax-saving strategies, you can minimize your tax liability and enhance your farm’s financial stability.

Effective tax planning benefits your bottom line and ensures your agricultural enterprise’s long-term success. ##### An eight-year old boy had never spoken a word. One afternoon, as he sat eating his lunch he turned to his mother and said, “The soup is cold.”

His astonished mother exclaimed, “Son, I’ve waited so long to hear you speak. But all these years you never said a thing. Why haven’t you spoken before?”

The boy looked at her and replied, “Up until now, everything has been satisfactory.”

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B5

$21,300 On-Farm Installation

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B6

SPRAYERS, DRILL & TRACTOR FOR SALE

Largest grant in UI history to Incentivize Climate-Smart Agriculture

By John O’Connell, Assistant Director of Communications, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences; Jodi Johnson-Maynard, Professor and Head, Department of Soil and Water Systems; Lead Principal Investigator the emission of up to 100,000 tons of carbon University of Idaho’s College of Agriculdioxide per year into the atmosphere. tural and Life Sciences is set to receive up Food producers will be eligible for payto $55 million — the largest award in the ments to try a host of climate-smart pracuniversity’s history — to help Idaho farmers tices, such as raising crops primarily for soil and ranchers combat climate change through BIG BUD 525-50 health benefits, known as cover cropping, agricultural practices. or reducing reliance on tillage, which helps Roger Wilde, Rawco Farms Inc. (385) 471-5568 The award, from the U.S. Department of soil hold carbon that would otherwise be Agriculture, is twice as large as any prior U released as carbon dioxide. of I grant. In addition to supporting research The Coeur d’Alene Tribe Natural Reon building cropping systems that are more FARM/RANCH EQUIPMENT sources Department and the Nez Perce Tribe resilient to climate change, the five-year Land Services Division will be partners in grant stimulates the state’s economy by FOR SALE the project, helping to test several climatepaying more than half of the funds directly smart conservation practices on tribal lands. to Idaho agricultural producers.

“It is our hope that the lessons we learn “While this is a monumental achievement can help farmers across the reservation adapt for our university, the big winners will be their farming practices in a way that benefits Idaho farmers and ranchers who are willing their productivity while also benefitting the to try new approaches to producing food, Tribe’s ability to protect the quality and with the goal of making their operations health of its water and soil in the face of more sustainable and protecting the enviwarming temperatures and increased probronment,” said Christopher Nomura, U of ability of drought,” said Laura Laumatia, I’s vice president of research and economic climate research and policy analyst with the development.

John Deere A400 swather (Call for price) 896 sickle drive header, 3115 engine hours/2041 header Coeur d’Alene Tribe.

U of I’s “Climate-Smart Commodities for hours, well kept, serviced regularly. Great running swather.

Jodi Johnson-Maynard, head of the U of Idaho: A Public-Private-Tribal Partnership,” 2009 Summers Ultimate pull-type sprayer ($13,000) I Department of Soil and Water Systems, is among 70 projects awarded nationwide for 110-ft. booms, 5 section control, induction cone mounted leads the project with co-principal investia combined investment of up to $2.8 billion on sprayer, Raven 450 controller. gator, Sanford Eigenbrode, a distinguished included in the first pool of USDA’s Partner1978 42-ft. semi hay trailer ($5500) professor in the Department of Entomology, ships for Climate-Smart Commodities.

Solid frame, come with hayracks, decking and brake Plant Pathology and Nematology.

U of I’s grant will directly benefit more repairs needed.

“This project will allow us to pilot a prothan 100 Idaho farmers and ranchers.

1979 International tandem grain truck ($7000) gram to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Research will focus on the state’s staple Cummins motor, needs seal work on motor - water getting in a way that meets the market demands for commodities, such as potatoes, beef, sugar, into fuel. Real good power, good tires, grain box with tarp. sustainably produced products while benwheat, barley, hops and chickpeas.

The grant Good shape. efiting our farmers,” Johnson-Maynard said. will drive climate-smart practices on about Contact Chase (406) 899-6055 or Rhett (406) 590-6054 “A lot of companies big and small see the 10% of Idaho’s active cropland, preventing handwriting on the wall — that the need for a climate friendly pipeline is not going away, and if they’re staying competitive in the industry, 406-759-5006 they’ve got to get on board,” Eigenbrode said.

717 Madison Ave., W. Chester, MT (near Liberty County Airport) Both Johnson-Maynard and Eigenbrode have led large-scale climate research Honey Bee (header), REM (grain vac), Bourgault Tillage Tools, grants, which brought in a combined $23.4 million.

MAV Chopper, Flexxifinger, Crary (air reels), and BATCO. “The principal investigators in this grant both have tremendous expertise in the areas of climate change and We stock a climate-smart agriculture large variety of and are now building on Honey Bee parts their previous successes,” said College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Dean Miincluding rod weeder supplies. chael Parrella.

Additional partners in the U of I-led project all reside in Idaho and include the Idaho Association of Soil Conservation Districts, 1” and 2.5” Salmon Safe, The Nature air seeder hose Conservancy Idaho Chapter Office, The Wave Foun6”, 7” and 8” rubber/ dation, Desert Mountain flexible grain Grassfed Beef and Kooskooskie Fish, LLC. vacuum hose Researchers with U of I’s College of Agricultural and UII and Hart Cart We have parts Life Sciences are partners in reel parts available for two additional USDA Partnerships for Climate-Smart REM Grain Vacs Commodities grants led by other institutions totaling We are now taking orders for over $75 million.

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North Dakota 4-H names state range judging winners

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B7

If you have items you want advertised in the January 2024 issue THE VERY LATEST WE CAN ACCEPT THEM is December 27t

Flaman Rental & Sales

The Oliver County range judging team placed first in the senior division at the North Dakota 4-H and FFA range judging contest. Team members are Rosie Abraham, Elena 1-406-467-3454, Lattin & Sons, Power, Montana Sorge, Amelia Abraham and Kelan Hintz.

The team from Cass County placed second in the senior 1-406-278-3432, Lattin & Sons, Conrad, Montana division. Team members are Sam Devick, Zander Swenson, Forrest Sears and Grace Cook.

Each team will receive a $1,000 sponsorship from North Dakota 4-H Foundation to attend the 2024 National Land and Range Judging Contest in Oklahoma.

In the junior division, Griggs County placed first with team members Oliver Fewell, Maddie Abraham, Bailey Schmidt • Dutch 540 manure spreader • Wishek heavy disk and Bristol Schmidt. The Foster County junior team placed second with members Cainen Stangleand, Kadence Spickler, • Backhoe belt conveyor • Rem grain vac Kenleigh Hinrichs and Kauri Johnson. Third place went • Riteway 50-ft. rollers • Hay rake • Heavy harrow to Oliver County with members Reagan Schmidt, Kylynn Boeshans, Kinley Boeshans and Sophie Price.

• Valmar heavy harrow, seeds grass & alfalfa Range judging is learning to “read” the range to make proper management decisions. Participants in the North Da• Rock rake • Rock picker • Post pounder kota 4-H and FFA range judging contest learn to recognize • K-Line Tillers • No-till grass drill • Mini track hoe the components of the range resource, evaluate the ecosystem’s current condition, develop management practices to • Portable squeeze chute/alley/tub combo improve the ecosystem and develop better understanding of the plant communities.

We now make up The range contest involves a five-part program. Youth all sizes of determine the ecological site and similarity index, evaluate hydraulic hoses. the value of the ecological site for cattle and also sharp-tailed Have Grain Bags for Sale grouse. Cattle are North Dakota’s most important livestock class economically and ecologically, while sharp-tailed grouse, the most common native upland game bird, are used as an indicator of T H E M A H I N D RA R OXO R range health.

Youth also must evaluate resource values and management goals to recommend improvement practices. In * the team problem, the members make improvement recommendations based No DEF or Regen Time. Most Lift Capacity Available. 7 year Warranty* on a given situation on a map. Individual scores are awarded for each part of the contest and then added to the team problem to determine the top placing teams.

Participants also earned individual awards.

The top five individuals in the senior division and their scores are: First – Rosie Abraham, Oliver County, 698 Second – Elena Sorge, Oliver County, 620 Third – Amelia Abraham, Oliver County, 544 You can keep looking for a more durable side-by-side…but Fourth – Kelan Hintz, the ROXOR is a tough act to follow. With an all-steel body, solid steel axles, turbo diesel engine, and manual Oliver County, 541 2638 WITH CAB & WINTER PACKAGE transmission, it’s just built different. Made in the USA. Fifth – Mary Fewell, OliIncludes 72” IronCraft 4 cylinder turbo diesel. Hard Cabs available and IN STOCK ver County, 538 now. Up to $3000 rebate on specific models.

Snowplow or 68” Snowblower MSRP: $51,039 The top five individuals in OUR PRICE: $44,879 the junior division and their ONLY 2 LEFT! scores are: BIG SKY MAHINDRA 4258 10th Avenue South / Great Falls, MT 406.216.6471/ www.bigskymahindra.com Oliver Fewell, Griggs County, 588 *See dealer for details Maddie Abraham, Griggs County, 502 Cainen Stangeland, Foster County, 493 Elizabeth Cook , Cass County, 481 Kadence Spickler, Foster County, 437 This year’s state range judging contest was hosted ade o ork or he arm anch ou ork by the Mandan FFA Chapter with the Mandan Eagles 4258 10TH AVE S • GREAT FALLS, MT • 406.216.6471 Club sponsoring lunch and providing the host site.

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B8

The deadline for advertising for the January 2024 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be December 27th.

TRUCK FOR SALE

2001 Freightliner 120 475 Cummins, 18 speed, lift axle. Nice tight, good running truck............... $19,500

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##### During World War II, The United States Playing Card Company joined forces with American and British intelligence agencies to create a very special deck of cards. They gave them out as Christmas gifts that also helped allied prisoners of war escape from German POW camps. Individual cards peeled apart when moistened, to reveal maps of escape routes. Sometimes truth really is stranger than fiction. ##### The first candy cane was made over 350 years ago.

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As the Holiday Season is upon us, we find ourselves reflecting on the past yearWHEAT and on those who have helped SPRING to shape our business in a most significant way. p WB Gunnison p DuClair We value our relationship with you and look forward to Ingmar working withp youVida in thep year to come. (very high protein, high yield, excellent crop)

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Plant science research explores protein distribution in barley

By Reagan Cotton, MSU News Service Protein content in wheat and barley crops can influence everything from the plant’s effectiveness as livestock feed to the clarity of beer brewed with the crops. Research in Montana State University’s College of Agriculture is seeking to identify exactly which plant enzymes control this critical crop value.

Andreas Fischer, a professor in the Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, is using recent funding from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture to fill what he calls a foundational gap in plant science knowledge. The work could ultimately find applications in the development of new grain varieties, an area in which MSU is a regional leader.

Fischer’s work focuses on plant senescence, the process by which maturing plants break down at the end of their annual life cycle.

“We see it every fall when the leaves go from green to yellow,” said Fischer. “What we see there is really the loss of green leaf pigment, chlorophyll, which is being degraded.”

As leaves age, plants break down chloroplasts, where chlorophyll and most leaf proteins are located. Through that process, they release a large amount of nitrogen. That nitrogen can then be transported and repurposed into the growing grains of the wheat or barley plant. Fischer’s exploration will examine the first step in the process to identify which enzymes in the plant are responsible for releasing nitrogen from chloroplast proteins.

“We’ve known for most of the last century that proteases are the enzymes that degrade proteins,” said Fischer. “But plant genomes encode something like 700 or 800 proteases, and we only know what a small fraction of those are actually doing in the plant.”

Fischer’s project, which will be supported by a USDA NIFA grant of just under $650,000, continues previous work that narrowed down the number of potential proteases to about six. It is one of 22 projects around the nation funded by a $12 million initiative focused on plant production.

Using a method called transcriptomics, Fischer and collaborators at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel have identified proteases that are activated when barley leaves begin degrading chloroplasts and accessing stored protein.

With the new funding, they will genetically turn some of those enzymes off to see if that interrupts the timing and extent of protein redistribution.

“If we know which proteases are important, we can search through barley germplasm and maybe find naturally occurring instances in which that enzyme is not present or is more or less active, which can help adjust seed protein content,” said Fischer. “At some level, it’s very basic science, basic plant biology, that we just don’t understand very well.”

Being able to breed wheat and barley varieties with higher or lower protein content would help MSU continue its long history of meeting producer needs through plant breeding, said Fischer. Barley with higher protein, for instance, is often better for livestock feed, while barley with lower protein content is better for malting and brewing.

MSU’s grain varieties have historically proven popular with Montana growers. According to the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service, MSU’s Vida spring wheat was the state’s leading variety last year with more than 600,000 acres planted, while Warhorse, another MSU variety, was the leading winter wheat variety at more than 350,000 acres.

Hockett, released in 2008, was the second most popular barley variety in Montana, while Haybet and Haxby led the forage and feed categories, respectively. All three are MSU-developed barley varieties. Refining existing lines and developing new ones means that the university can continue serving grain producers by providing them with the varieties that best suit their geographic area and production purposes, and Fischer said the current project will help to further advance variety development.

“The analytics might take a year or two, and then we can start testing experimental barley lines to see if we have the expected results,” he said. “Figuring out these proteases might be another screw we can turn to tune the system a bit more.” ##### Kissing on New Year’s Eve is popular because of Hollywood films and German folklore. It’s believed that a New Year’s Eve kiss can strengthen your relationship with your partner.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B9

FROM ALL OF US AT

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Keep adding pounds this winter with BGF-30

WeatherAll® is a protective coating applied to the BioBarrel® as a final step in the manufacturing process. It is composed of an edible, food-grade, wax Blueprint® products have combined to continually provide high-quality coating that helps protect and slow down BioBarrel® options for your cattle. If you are a returning customer, please refer to degradation when encountering wet conditions. The this transition guide for a new product name. protective coating also helps reduce the attraction that Blueprint® is the next step forward in high-performing animal nutrition. some cattle have to the BioBarrel® container once it is It is founded on the proven science that the form in which nutrients are softened under extreme wet conditions, thus reducing Protein is often the first limiting nutrient on most forage programs, minerals and vitamins play an important role in delivered is just as important as the level of supplementation. the incidence of cattle consuming the container faster helping cows stay healthy and in maintaining reproductive Simply put, Blueprint is the most transparent animal nutrition program than the CRYSTALYX® product. WeatherAll® Pro- efficiency. available. Blueprint products contain 100% organic trace minerals made tective Technology broadens the application and ef- CRYSTAL-PHOS™ is a weather and waste proof mineral supplement that cows will consume readily along with from the highest quality, most research-proven trace minerals available. fectiveness of the BioBarrel® container BGF-30™. Place a BGF-30™ barrel with every 20-30 head Blueprint goes beyond just meeting trace mineral requirements — its supeto all geographies within North America. of cows and a CRYSTAL-PHOS® barrel for approximately every 40-70 head. Studies have shown that cows will consume rior bioavailability supports exceptional animal performance and health. mineral better from CRYSTAL-PHOS. Try the “combo” Blueprint is targeted nutrition, without excess, for peak performance. program ~ it works!

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Continuous fence that is: Bigger - Stronger - Less Expensive

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6-rail—20-ft. x 48”

The B & W grain aerator and dryer sucks out moisture and heat. It works in round or flat storage. Aerates grain up to 18-ft. deep and 5,000 bushels at a time. Easily moved from bin to bin.

Our Caldwell line features 12” round duct, T’s, Y’s, elbows, 4-way cross, end caps, adapters, fans, accessories.

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B10

USA – Chester MT.

Call Loren Hawks - 406-460-3810

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B11

(WI) Winner, SD 605-842-2040 (SU) Sundance, WY 307-283-2971 (PI) Pierre, SD 605-224-1631

USED COMBINES OFFER VALID THROUGH 12-31-23

* 1.99% FOR 60 MONTHS OR 24 MONTH WAIVER *IN-STOCK ONLY - 24 MONTH WAIVER FOLLOWED BY STANDARD RATE - 30% DOWN PAYMENT OR EQUIVALENT TRADE REQUIRED BASED ON APPROVED CREDIT. SEE DEALER FOR COMPLETE DETAILS. OFFER EXTENDED THROUGH 12-31-23

ALSO, ASK US ABOUT SECTION 179 TAX DEPRECIATION!*

*We are not a tax consultant, please see your tax professoional for program details and tax deductions that qualify

2023 John Deere S780 (BE), Stk #82964, 325 Eng/226 Sep Hours, Powercast Tailboard, Power Fold Grain Tank W/Extension. 580/42 Firestone Dual Fronts, 620/26 Rears, Like New Unit........... ............................................................... $545,000 2022 John Deere S760 (BE), Stk #79912, 353 Engine/273 Separator Hours, PRWD, Active Yield, Duals, Like New Machine..$459,250..... $419,000 2022 John Deere X9 1100 (WA), Stk #78488, 414 Engine/270 Separator Hours, 710-42 Front Duals, 740 Rear, Rear Wheel Drive, 31.5 Unload Auger, Sig Edition.............. $763,500.....$723,500

2021 John Deere S780 (WA), Stk #79887, 490 Engine/340 Separator Hours, 650-38 Front dual, IF620 rear, Tip Up Ext, 26-ft. Unload, High Wear, Available Aug/Sept................................ $494,750 2021 John Deere S780 (WA), Stk #79884, 556 Engine/400 Separator Hours, 650-38 Fronts, VF750 Rears, Chopper & Tailboard, Tip Up, 28ft. Unload, ProDrive & 5 Speed, Active Terrain & Vision................................ $477,750......$458,000 2021 John Deere S790 (HA), Stk #79505, 632 Engine/461 Separator Hours, LED Lights, Folding Grain Tank, Combine Advisor, Pro Drive & 5 Speed Feederhouse.......... $534,500.....$527,750 2020 John Deere S790 (WA), Stk #79896, 1,194 Engine/860 Separator Hours, Premium Cab, LED Lights, Pro-Drive with Harvest Smart Command Touch, 26-ft. Unload Auger, Powercast Tailboard. ............................................................... $399,500

USED COMBINE HEADS

2022 John Deere S780 (WI), Stk #76078, 444 Engine Hours, Extremely Well Kept Local Trade, Has Been Thru Shop & Ready To Roll, Tires 90%, Too Much To List................ $547,500.....$489,000

2022 John Deere X9 1100 (WA), Stk #78491, 483 Engine/309 Separator Hours, 710-42 Front Duals, 750 Rear RWD, 31.5 Unload with Adjustable Spout, Deep Tooth/High Wear.............................. ........................................... $759,500.....$719,500 2022 John Deere S770 (BE), Stk #78886, 325 Engine/203 Separator Hours, Pro Drive, PRWD, Premium Activation On Gen 4, 26-ft. Auger.......... ............................................................... $503,000

2021 John Deere S790 (BL), Stk #78435, 802 Engine/574 Separator Hours, Very Clean Always Shedded, Tires 95%, Power Fold Grain Tank, Serviced & Ready For 2023 Season!.... $498,750

South Dakota:

Winner (605) 842-2040 Pierre (605) 224-1631 Philip (605) 859-2636 Belle Fourche (605) 892-2621 Beresford (605) 763-5020

Wyoming:

Sundance (307) 283-2971

Nebraska:

Wayne (402) 375-3325 Bloomfield (402) 373-4449 Hartington (402) 254-3908

Call for more info on any of these listed units, or to find out what else we have available!

ROW CROP TRACTORS

PLATFORM HEADS: 2022 John Deere RD40F (WI), Stk #76633, Very Nice Unit, Has Long/Short Course Sections, Flip Over Reels, Header Height Sensing In Rigid Mode...................................$123,000.....$118,500 2022 John Dere RD45F (WA), Stk #79434, Less Than 1,500 Acres, Still Has New Course Tooth Long-Long Spare Sickels, Flip Over Reel, Lankota Grain Saver Brush Kit........................ $129,500

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2023 John Deere 6175M (BF), Stk #74273, 250 Hours, County Rental Return!, AutoTrac Ready with 20 Speed AutoQuad Transmission, Triple Electronic SCV’s, Triple Link Suspension, Loader Ready withJoystick....................................................... $235,500 2023 John Deere 6155M (BF), Stk #74268, 196 Hours, County Rental Return! 20 Speed AutoQuad Transmission, Triple Electronic SCV’s, Mechanical Cab Suspension, Includes 640R Self Leveling Loader with 8-ft. Bucket & 5 Tine Grapple.. $213,000 2023 John Deere 6R 155 (WA), Stk #73671, 175 Hours, Comes with 640R Loader, 8-ft. Bucket & Grapple, 4 eSCV’s, AutoTrac Ready, PowerGard Comprehensive Warranty Til 4-19-27......... $233,500 2022 John Deere 5090E (PI), Stk #79865, 56 Hours, Cab, MFWD, Dual Mid & Rear SCV’s, Loader Mounts, Mechanical 2 FN Joystick, Radio, Basic Warranty Till 6-16-24, Customer Wanted A Larger Tractor.......................................................... $68,900 2022 John Deere 6120E (WA), Stk #73125, 100 Hours, County Rental Return! 24F/12R Transmission with LH Reverser, H310 NSL Loader with 7-ft.

Bucket, Warranty Till 11-2-26 or 2,000 Hours............ ................................................. $109,000.....$99,500

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(BL) Bloomfield, NE 402-373-4449 (PH) Philip, SD 605-859-2636 (HA) Hartington, NE 402-254-3908

2022 NDE 23U55)D (BE), Stk #82203, Left Hand Discharge with Walking Tandem Axles, 640XL Scale Along with Remote Display 4” LED............ $70,500 2019 Kuhn RC260 (HA), Stk #79327, Equipped with Single Axle, LED Side Remote Display, Won’t Find A Nicer Unit, Available June 2024.............. $48,000 2018 Kuhn Knight RC250 (HA), Stk #80930, Commercial Helix Reel, 1000 PTO, Scale, 36” 4 Auger Discharge, New Tires, Stainless Steel Liners From Factory....................................................... $48,500 2015 Meyerink 480 (WI), Stk #79127, 480 Cu Ft, Left Hand Conveyor Discharge, Tires Good, Small 1000 PTO, Top Augers Are Getting Thin, Will Go Thru Our Shop.................................................... $23,900 2015 NDE 2806 (WI), Stk #78460, 1,200 Cu Ft Wagon, Heavy Tandem Axles & Twin Screw Auger, Hasn’t Been Used Much, New Gearbox On Front Auger, Knives In Good Shape, RH Discharge......... ................................................................... $49,900 2009 Farm Aid 340 (BE), Stk #82849, Very Good Mixer, 5’ RH Discharge Replaced 2 Years Ago, 540 PTO, 640XL Scale, Good Liners, Good Auger & Ready To Use!............................................ $18,500 Kuhn Knight 3130 (BE), Stk #81373, 300 Cu Ft Mixer In Good Shape, Single Axle, 540 PTO, DigiStar Scale, LH Unload, Poly Floor Under Bottom Auger. ................................................................... $11,500

BALE FEEDERS

2022 John Deere 6R 145 (WA), Stk #73021, 185 Hours, Comes with 640R Loader, 8-ft Bucket & Grapple, 4 eSCV’s, AutoTrac Ready, Cold Start Package, 480/80R42 Duals, 2 Sets Of 450lb Weights, Globe Not Included...................... $224,500 2021 John Deere 6145R (WA), Stk #77735, 1,246 Hours, 640R NSL Loader, Factory Warranty Til 1-824, 20 Speed PowerQuad Transmission, 3 Function Joystick, Pair Of 450lb Weights & Fluid..... $179,000

2021 NDE FS950DL (WI), Stk #83096, Walking Tandem with Flotation Tires, Knives In Good Shape, Will Be Serviced & Ready To Go.$86,900

2020 Haybuster 2665 (WI), Stk #78828, Excellent Condition, Tires Like New, Rotor In Great Shape, Loading Spears Straight & Right............. $27,900

2020 John Deere 740FD (WA), Stk #79902, Flip Over Reel, Teeth Good, Long-Long Course Knife, Belts Are Good...................... $89,500.....$87,900 2020 Shelbourne XCV36 (PH), Stk #82159, Own Owner Unit, Auger & Floor In Good Condition, Rotor In Good Condition & Teeth Have Life Left In Them................................................... $75,900 CORN HEADS: 2022 John Deere C16F (WA), Stk #78490, 16R30, 3,500 Acres, Folding Corn Head, Row Max Opposed Knife Rollers, Stalk Deflectors.... $198,000 2022 John Deere C16F (WA), Stk #78493, 16R30, 3,500 Acres, Folding Head, Row Max Opposed Knife Rollers, Stalk Deflectors............... $198,000 2018 John Deere 708C (BE), Stk #81963, 8R30, Avail June 2024, Non-Chopping, Hydraulic Decks, Row Sense Wands, Header Height Sensing, Opposed Knife Rollers...................... $65,000 2018 John Deere 708FC (WA), Stk #76494, 8R30, Very Nice 1 Owner Folding Corn Head, Deck Plates, Chains & Sprockets All Look Good, Will Be Field Ready........................................ $70,500 2014 Fantini GO3 (PI), Stk #82163, 12R30, Low Acres On Unit, Blocks & Chains Good & LD JMLook SOIncludes Setup For John Deere, Trailer- Package Deal.................................................. $64,000 2013 John Deere 612C (HA), 12R30, Opposed Knife, Stalk Rolls, Row Sense Feelers.... $45,500

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2020 John Deere 6145R (HA), Stk #79560, 600 Hours, AutoQuad Transmission, 3 Electronic SCV’s, Inside Rear Weights, Gen4 Display, Mechanical Joystick... ................................................................... $189,500

2014 John Deere 6170R (BF), Stk #82905, 3,238 Hours, H380 Loader, 40K IVT Trans, GreenStar Ready, Good Hay Tractor, Will Be Serviced & Ready......................................................... $139,000

2008 John Deere 7630 (PI), Stk #83456, 7,850 Hours, Loader Tractor with Power & Girth, 746 Loader with Grapple & Joystick, Move Snow, Bale Or Farm, AutoTrac Plug & Play........................................ $94,900

2004 John Deere 7220 (WI), Stk #81551, 9,068 Hours, IVT Tractor with Miller Loader. Used On Feed Wagon & Baler, Loader Not Used Past 3 Years, Loader Has Greaseless Bearings, Electric Joystick, Weights Not Included................................................. $68,900

2002 John Deere 7510 (PI), Stk #80595, 10,150 Hours, Includes 741 Loader, Lots Of Hours, But Runs Great! Will Have New Seat & Cleaned Up, PowerQuad Transmission............................ $55,000

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B12

If you have items you want advertised in the January 2024 issue THE VERY LATEST WE CAN ACCEPT THEM is December 27th.

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2021 John Deere 6120R 498 hours, Comp Warranty April 2025/2000 hours! $161,790

2021 John Deere 6120M 486 hours, 3 function loader, AQ Plus Transmission, Comp Warranty...................................... $148,460

2010 John Deere 635F with trailer $23,200

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2013 John Deere 5075E 1543 hours, loader/bucket, forks, rear blade $45,000

2021 Kubota RTV-XG850 36 hours/193 miles, gas $15,310

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National Wheat Yield Contest 2023 winners The National Wheat Yield Contest is thrilled to announce the achievements of its 24 national winners, hailing from 12 different states, who have achieved an average yield of 144 bushels per acre across all categories. Additionally, we proudly recognize the 83 state winners representing 28 states, with their remarkable yields averaging 127 bushels per acre across the various categories, including Winter Wheat-dryland, Winter Wheat-irrigated, Spring Wheatdryland, and Spring Wheat-irrigated. It is worth noting that some dryland category winners are determined by high yield, while others are evaluated based on their percentage over the county average.

One of the highlights this year is the exceptional resilience demonstrated by wheat growers. Despite facing adversity, with 59% of winter wheat production affected by drought on May 9, and 75% of spring wheat production impacted on July 25, these dedicated individuals have showcased their unwavering commitment to maximizing their wheat productivity in spite of environmental challenges. The entry deadlines for the contest, falling on May 15 and August 1 for winter and spring wheat, received robust participation, defying the odds posed by prolonged drought in the central and southern plains, as well as the challenging conditions in spring wheat areas.

“Eastern soft winter wheat areas had tremendous yields this year, and millers are happy with the quality of wheat coming from these areas. It is exciting to see the potential when the genetics, management, and environment are all aligned in the wheat grower’s favor.” Commented Bernard Peterson, Chairman of the National Wheat Foundation, and farmer in Loretto, KY. The contest not only emphasizes high yield but also places great importance on quality. The 24 national winners will submit grain samples for detailed analysis of milling and baking qualities, with expert panels assessing the wheat samples for quality. Outstanding quality will be rewarded with $250 awards at the reception, and these exceptional quality winners will be officially announced in mid-January.

In recognition of their outstanding achievements, the national winners will be honored with a trip to the Commodity Classic in February 2024, hosted in Houston, TX. The accolades will culminate in a special celebration at the National Wheat Foundation Winner’s Reception on February 28, 2024.

These remarkable individuals not only demonstrate exceptional yields but also exemplify the unwavering spirit and dedication within the wheat industry, setting a high standard for excellence and innovation.

The contest would not be possible without the help of our tremendous partners: John Deere, WestBred, BASF, U.S. Wheat Associates, Croplan, Eastman, The McGregor Companies, AgriMaxx, Ardent Mills, BushelFarm, Dyna-Gro, GrainSense, Limagrain Cereal Seeds, Mennel, North Carolina Small Grain Growers Association, Ohio Corn&Wheat, PlainsGold, UniSouth Genetics, UPL, Grain Craft, Grow Pro, Kansas Wheat, Michigan Wheat, Miller Milling, North Dakota Mill, and Northern Crops Institute.

An additional thanks to Progressive Farmer/DTN, the official publication of the National Wheat Yield Contest.

2023 NATIONAL WINNERS Winter Wheat-Dryland Bin Buster Dick Judah OR 1st Derek Berger OR 2nd Randy Eschenburg MI 3rd Kent Edwards OH 4th Guy Gochenour VA 5th William Willard MD 1st-% Over County Marc Arnusch CO 2nd-% Over County Brett Arnusch CO 3rd-% Over County Travis Freeburg NE 4th-% Over County Casey Cantwell CO 5th-% Over County David Ebers OK Winter Wheat-Irrigated Bin Buster Chris Gross WA 1st Gary Reynolds ID 2nd Nick Suwyn MI Spring Wheat-Dryland Bin Buster Brad Disrud ND 1st John Wesolowski MN 2nd Lance Olson ND 3rd Trevor Stout ID 1st-% Over County Austin Kautzman ND 2nd-% Over County Jason Signalness ND 3rd-% Over County Devan Laufer ND CONTINUED ON PAGE B13

Darwin’s mystery moth

Our Tale of the Missing Proboscis is not a science-fictionmystery film; it’s the story of an animal whose existence Charles Darwin predicted in 1862. He had been studying the comet orchid of Madagascar, a “moth-loving” flower that is pollinated by moths when they feed on its nectar. The odd thing about this flower is that its nectary–the part that produces nectar–is more than 11 inches long, but the nectar is stored in its base. For a moth to feed on the nectar, it would need a proboscis (tongue) nearly a foot long. Such an insect had never been heard of, but Darwin claimed that if no such creature had evolved a proboscis that could access the nectar, the orchid would not be pollinated and would have gone extinct long ago. He published the theory in 1862…and it would take four decades for the theory to be proven correct.

In 1903 the Morgan’s sphinx moth, with a tongue, more than three times the length of its 3-inch-long body, was discovered in Madagascar. It’s known today as the long-tongued night-flying hawk moth, and also the “predicted moth.” In 2004 entomologist Phil De Vries went to Madagascar to film the moth feeding from the flower. Just finding the flower was hard enough, but de Vries did find it, and he set up a night-vision camera… and waited at the base of the tree, keeping his eye on the monitor. At 4:34 a.m., he noticed something–and watched in awe as a large moth flew up to the orchid, uncoiled a very thin, long proboscis, carefully inserted it into the blossom, and shoved it down the 11-inch nectary. The moth then sat there fapping and drinking away It was the first time that Darwin’s predicted moth had been captured doing just what Darwin predicted it would do.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B13

Advertising Deadline for the January 2024 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be December 27th.

Wednesday BEFORE first Monday of each month.

V

o r e u q a Forage Barley Highland Specialty Grains

Announces the release and availability of ‘Vaquero’ forage barley. ‘Vaquero’ is a hooded, spring-planted barley developed specifically to produce forage for livestock.

Vaquero is a nutritious, palatable, and economical forage that can be grown alone or in blends with other species. It is generally harvested as hay or silage.

‘Vaquero’ yields more forage, stands better, and is taller than Stockford.

‘Vaquero’ also produces well when compared to other forage barley varieties.

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Highland Specialty Grains, Inc., is the premier breeder of proprietary barley varieties in the western UnitedStates.

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H I GH

CONTINUED FROM PAGE B12

Brett Despain (509) 855-8277

For more information see the Highland Specialty Grains website:

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B14

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EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

1997 Ford F250 SC, 4x4, MT 460, 213,000 miles with slide-in sprayer, 400 gallon, 40-ft. booms..................................................................... $8000 obo 1999 Ford F350 4x4, MT, LWB, dually, flatbed, V10, 95,000 miles, sprayer set up for road sides, range & pasture, 330 gallon nurse tank, 300 gallon APP tank, boomless nozzles, up to 45”, 300-ft. handline, flow meter, electric ball valves, Raven controls................................................................. $9000 obo Caterpiller D-2 Ser# 0100, tool bar dozer, dual spools, pony & engine runs well. All new filters and fluids, clutch needs adjusting..........................$3500 Snow Pusher 84”, universal hookup, good condition..................... $1000 obo Car Dolly - Kar Kaddy model 260, steering axle, gravel guard. Like new....... .............................................................................................................$2000

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Farm respiratory protection

Prepared by Dennis J. Murphy, Professor, Agricultural Safety and Health, William C. Harshman, Research Assistant, and Cathleen M. LaCross, Technical Writer Farming is filled with respiratory hazards: pesticide vapors, dusty fields, dangerous hydrogen sulfide accumulations in manure pits and pump sumps, nitrogen dioxide in conventional silos, and many others. Farmer’s Lung and Organic Dust Toxicity Syndrome (ODTS) are allergic reactions to dust from moldy hay or grain and may result in costly medical treatment, permanent lung damage or death.

In many cases an inexpensive respirator could prevent farmers from acquiring nagging, permanent lung damage caused by long-term exposure to dusts, mists, gases, and vapors. This article examines categories and types of farm respiratory protection and the proper use of these devices.

Pinpoint the Hazard The first step to choosing a respirator is determining the type of respiratory hazard. There are three basic categories of respiratory hazards on the farm. The first category, particulate contaminants, includes dusts, mists, and fumes.

Dusts are usually the largest particles, but not all dusts can be seen with the naked eye. Mold spores, for example, are microscopic. They are released when moldy hay, silage, or grain is disturbed. Mists are suspended liquid droplets and are usually found near mixing, spraying, and cleaning operations. Fumes are solid particles of evaporated metal.

They are microscopic as well and are formed during activities such as welding.

The second category of respiratory hazard is gases and vapors. Gases are chemicals that are gaseous at ambient (room) temperature. Examples include hydrogen sulfide, the deadly manure pit gas; nitrogen dioxide, which can be found in conventional silos; and carbon monoxide from operating internal combustion engines. Vapors are released from liquids, such as pesticides, paints, adhesives, and lacquer thinner.

The third category of respiratory hazard is an oxygen deficient atmosphere. Examples of oxygen deficient atmospheres include manure storage, oxygen limiting (sealed) silos and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for fruits and vegetables. In such structures, the oxygen content of breathable air, normally about 21%, is reduced to levels as low as 5%. The reduction in oxygen may occur deliberately, such as with CA storage, or oxygen may be displaced by other gases as in manure storage and conventional silos.

Once you’ve pinpointed the hazard (or hazards), and before resorting to a respirator, try to reduce or eliminate the source of the problem. For example, use a different management practice when harvesting and storing crops to reduce dust and mold. Provide improved ventilation in your barn or work outdoors instead of in an enclosed building.

Another possibility may be to use a non-toxic, less toxic, or less volatile pesticide. After you have tried to reduce or eliminate the hazard, if you are still at risk, use a respirator.

Nuisance Dust Mask A nuisance dust mask is not an approved respirator. This type of mask offers some protection against large particles of dust but not against smaller particles that may enter deeply into the lungs and cause respiratory distress or disease. Nuisance dust masks most often are constructed of a very light paper filter and have only a single, thin strap.

Figure 1. Single strap These masks are normally of the one- or Nuisance Dust Mask size-fits-all variety and the thin strap is not adjustable, making a good fit difficult at best (Figure 1). They are easily stretched and distorted by putting on and taking off the mask. Nuisance dust masks are best worn by persons with no existing respiratory distress or breathing limitations for short-term exposure to light levels of nontoxic dusts, such as sweeping out a garage or shop floor.

Approved Respirators Identified There is no such thing as an all-purpose respirator. Specific respirators are used for specific contaminants or atmospheres.

Choose your respirator carefully. Use a respirator approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Older style NIOSH approved respirators or filters have a number preceded by the prefix “TC”. Newer models of approved respiratory protection have the NIOSH TC approval number followed by a description of the respirator.

An example is: “NIOSH TC 23C dual cartridge half mask with disposable filter used for pesticides and ammonia.”

The newer respirators are also rated according to the filter’s efficiency in reducing dust, mists, and fumes and their time use limits against oil based chemicals or pesticides in CONTINUED ON PAGEB16

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 – Page B15

• BUY • SELL • RENT

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Greg 406-690-2754 Jim 406-690-0737 For Help With All Your Equipment Needs!

Deere 60G Excavator

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Hours 2141, good machine........................................$34,900

2019 Bobcat T740 Skidsteer

Hours 79, like new......................................................$83,000

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Hours 324, excellent condition...................................$66,666

2000 Bobcat 773 Skidsteer

Hours 2775, nice older machine.....................................$24,700

2020 Bobcat E35 Excavator

Hours 145, Like new condition...................................$59,500

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open ROPS, 2400 hours............................................$27,700

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281 hours, clean, work ready.....................................$15,000

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B16

Do you enjoy reading the Trader’s Dispatch? Have you found what you needed? Please, tell our advertisers!

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Farm respiratory protection CONTINUED FROM PAGE B14

the atmosphere. Filtering efficiencies can be 95%, 99%, or 99.97%. Respirators rated 99.97% effective are given a rating of 100% as a practical matter. A respirator with a designation of N, R, or P indicates: not resistant to airborne oils, plugs quickly (N); resistant to airborne oils for up to 8 hours (R); or oil proof, possibly resistant to airborne oils for up to 8 hours, change filter every 40 hours of use or 30 days, whichever comes first (P). The filtering efficiency rating and resistance to oils rating can appear independently on the respiratory unit, pre-filters, cartridges, the packaging, and in advertisements. In addition to the TC number, approved respirators always have at least two elastic straps or a head band.

Categories and Types of Respirators There are two categories of respirators: air purifying and supplied air. Air-purifying respirators are equipped with filters through which the user breathes. Important: These respirators do not supply oxygen. Therefore, they should not be worn in areas considered immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH), such as oxygen-deficient areas (oxygenlimiting silos, for example) or highly toxic atmospheres (manure storage pits). Air-purifying respirators are good in areas such as barn lofts with moldy hay, fields during tilling or pesticide application, or construction sites where fiberglass or wood dusts are likely to be found. For most air-purifying respirators, the user must pull air through the filter with their own breathing. This type of respirator is often referred to as a “negative pressure” respirator because the user must draw in oxygen (inhalation) through the respiratory unit. Negative pressure air-purifying respirators often put added stress on you. If you suffer or suspect that you suffer from respiratory problems such as asthma, lung or cardiovascular disease, check with a doctor to make sure you are able to wear one.

There are several types of air-purifying respirators.

Disposable Particulate Respirators Disposable particulate respirators are an approved type of respirator but are also commonly referred to as dust masks, making it easy to confuse them with a nuisance dust mask.

Disposable particulate respirators protect you from particulate contaminants such as dusts, mists, and sometimes fumes. The filters are made of a fibrous material that traps particles as you inhale. These respirators are useful during operations such as haying, harvesting, tilling dusty fields, applying fertilizer and lime, grinding feed, and sweeping. Both disposable and reusable masks are available. Disposable masks are more convenient--you simply throw them away when they’re saturated. Reusable masks, on the other hand, may save you money in the long run and create less waste.

Filters and disposable masks should be replaced when breathing becomes too labored, when the mask loses its shape and no longer seals well to your face, or if you taste or smell the substance. Remember: a “nuisance dust mask” is not considered a respirator.

Chemical Cartridge Respirators Chemical cartridge respirators filter out low concentrations of toxic gases and vapors. An absorbent material such as activated charcoal absorbs contaminants from inhaled air. These masks can also be equipped with particulate filters, Figure 2. Full-face so if you’ll be exposed to gases or vapors cartridge-type and dusts or mists, this is the kind of respirator respirator you should wear.

There are half-mask models and full-face models; the latter provides eye and face protection as well. The halfmasks are also available in disposable or reusable models.

Full-face models (Figure 2) provide considerably more protection against contaminants than halfmask models because they seal to the face better. The filtering cartridges for these respirators usually screw onto the front of the mask. The cartridges are changeable, so if you have a reusable mask you can use it for any gas or vapor contaminant, provided you have the right cartridge.

Cartridges should be replaced after eight hours’ use or when “breakthrough” occurs--that is, when you begin to smell or taste the contaminant or when dizziness or irritation occurs. Make sure the cartridge brand matches the respirator brand. Manufacturers use different threads which may prevent mismatched brands (respirators and cartridges) from sealing properly. Chemical cartridge respirators should not be worn in areas considered immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH).

Gas Masks Gas masks, or chemical canister respirators, are very similar to chemical cartridge respirators except they can be used in areas where gases are extremely toxic or highly CONTINUED ON PAGE B17

Farm respiratory protection CONTINUED FROM PAGE B16

concentrated. The canisters hold more chemical sorbent than cartridges, so they have a greater filtering capacity and last longer. Canisters can be mounted on a belt, worn on the back or chest, or they can be screwed onto the mask beneath the chin. They’re connected to the facepiece by an air hose.

Gas masks are only available with a full-facepiece. The canister should be replaced after eight hours’ use or when “breakthrough” occurs. Gas masks should not be worn in areas considered IDLH. Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) A PAPR (Figure 3) is an air-purifying respirator with a motorized blower that forces air through the filtering device. A PAPR is a “positive pressure” respirator because clean air is being delivered to the breather. It makes breathing easier for the wearer, so this type of respirator may be recommended by a doctor for someone with a respiratory or cardio- Figure 3. Powered air-purifying respirator vascular ailment. They or PAPR tend to be cooler, too, because there is a constant stream of air over the wearer’s face and head. Many PAPRs have a hard helmet and rigid visor under which the air is blown. There are also half-mask and full-face models and models with non-rigid helmets available. A PAPR with a full-face mask or closeable hood will offer as much or more protection against contaminants than a full-face chemical cartridge respirator.

PAPRs can be used for dusts, mists, gases, and vapors, provided you have the right filters. The blower is powered by a battery pack strapped onto the wearer’s waist or back.

Rechargeable or disposable D-cell batteries can be used-most batteries last 6-8 hours. Or you can use a 12V or 24V DC adapter, which will run the blower from a vehicle battery.

Powered air-purifying respirators should not be worn in areas considered immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH).

Supplied-Air Respirators Supplied-air respirators are the only respirators to be used in areas considered IDLH. These respirators can be used in manure pits, sealed silos, or fumigated bins containing high-moisture grain.

They supply the wearer with fresh, clean air from an outside source. There are two types of supplied-air respirators. The first, air line respirators, provide clean air through a hose that is connected to a stationary air pump or tank. The second, Figure 5. Supplied-air respirator (SCBA) a self-contained breathing apparatus, or SCBA, (Figure 4) has a portable air tank that is carried on the back like those worn by scuba divers and firefighters.

Supplied-air respirators are very expensive to buy and maintain, and instruction and practice are necessary to use one correctly. Farmers should understand, however, that every time they enter a sealed silo or manure pit without one, they are risking their lives. Dangerous gases can build up in IDLH areas, creating a lethal, oxygen-deficient atmosphere that can kill, literally, in seconds--faster than anyone can attempt a rescue. Unless you are wearing a supplied-air respirator or have the atmosphere inside the area monitored for dangerous gases, you can never be sure. Contact an industrial hygienist or your local fire department--perhaps they have a supplied-air respirator you can borrow if you feel you must enter an IDLH area. The hazards of manure pits and silo gases are more fully described in “Silo Gases--The Hidden Danger,” and “Manure Storage Hazards.”

Testing, Caring and Wearing Your Respirator Once you have decided what kind of respirator you need, visit your local farm supply store, ag chemical supplier, hardware store, or industrial safety equipment company. Try on several brands and styles of respirators to see which is CONTINUED ON PAGE B20

##### God wrote only one book.

Don’t you think you should read it? ##### Any idiot can face a crisis–it’s this day-to-day living that wears you out. ##### There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B17

Montana Holster & Shoulder Rig 44/45/357 500/460/454 1911’s Taurus Judge Great for Horseback Riding, Bowhunting, Backpacking, ATV riders Carry your gun with comfort • Fully lined • Premium American tanned leather Norm Schertenleib 406-965-2253 • Great Falls, MT www.montanaholster.com

Johnsen Trailer Sales, Inc. Serving the Trucking Industry Since 1959 2100 Industrial Drive Bismarck, ND 58502 701-255-0480 • 800-472-2649

Quality Built Quality Sold

3631 38th Street SW Fargo, ND 58106 701-282-3790 • 800-246-3790

Visit us at: www.johnsentrailer.com

2021 Wilson 29-ft. lead trailer, 25-ft. 6” pup with air operated expandable draw bar. Disc brakes on the set!

2021 Wilson 50x102x72 tri-axle with rear axle lift, electric roll tarp. Very nice trailer.

View our website for more photos and information on all of our trailers.

2021 Wilson 50x102x72 triple axle, rear axle 2024 Manac Darkwing step deck, 22.5 alulift, Ag hoppers. minum wheels, tandem 10-1 rear slide, 12 2022 Wilson 41x96x72, Ag hoppers, electric winches, and one aluminum tool box. tarp.

2024 Manac beavertail, 53x102, all steel, 2014 Wilson 41x96x78, air ride with Ag hopwood floor. Two ramps and 12 winches. pers. Quanity of 10.

2024 Manac belly dump, 42x96, air ride with 2016 Wilson step deck, 53 ft., rear axle slide. rear lift, 24.5 steel wheels, gate control valve, 2006 Wilson flatbed, 48x102, spread axle. bang boards.

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2022 Iron Bull FLG2036 36' 12K/axle Gooseneck with 8' Slide In Ramps Blow Out Price $21,500

2007 Freightliner Columbia Blow Out Price $22,000

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New Kinze 1121 Grain Cart Blow Out Price $118,500

2023 Jet Side Dump 36' Round Bottom Tub Blow Out Price $76,000 Plus FET

2016 McCormick X7.450 w/ L56 Loader Blow Out Price $99,000

2022 US Cargo 8.5X20 Blow Out Price $11,932

2022 McCormick X5.55 w/ MCL31 Loader Blow Out Price $88,000

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1973 Versatile 900

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B18

UNL gives educators tools to bring automation to the heartland

By Chabella Guzman, communications specialist

TRUCK FOR SALE

1962 Chevrolet truck

Phone (406) 505-0295 BRIDGES & STORAGE CONTAINERS

20-ft. & 40-ft. Heavy Duty Bridges Overseas Flat Racks and Shipping Containers 8-ft. to 53-ft., mouse proof, weather tight storage

Phone (406) 899-4104

TCB TRANSPORT, LLC

www.boxesandbridges.com

M & W MACHINE 3 CNC Lathe Work with 81/2" spindle bore ✓ Irrigation Pump Repair ✓ Heavy Duty Industrial Machining and Repair ✓ Portable Line Boring ✓ Welding ✓ Large Lathe and Mill Work ✓ Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Machine Work

Educators across Nebraska and South Dakota were part of the inaugural class for the Automation in the Heartland workshop in October at the University of NebraskaLincoln’s Panhandle Research Extension and Education Center in Scottsbluff. The class is funded through the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) to give educators a beginning in coding, building microcontroller sensors, and understanding automation systems in agriculture.

“It is one of the areas that is standard for ag education but hasn’t been really taught,” said Troy White, UNL Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication Department lecturer in Scottsbluff. Skilled and Technical Science teachers across Nebraska teach coding and automation, and White wants to get the ag educators involved.

The two-year cohort will focus on the Arduino microcontroller running various sensors and using the controller to run Computer Numerical Control (CNC). This year educators are learning five activities to engage with students. They will have prewritten codes and have learned to modify and edit the code rather than spending time writing their own codes. The class will be looking at a variety of livestock and plant systems, from grain bin moisture sensors to greenhouse climate control and yard sprinkler timers. The educators loaded up on knowledge and then went home with electronic components, controllers, and sensors to engage with their students.

While the class is focused on agriculture automation, White said it’s open to any agriculture or science teacher willing to take the knowledge back to the class and teach it.

“I took the class because this is my first year of teaching,” said Kyle Brozek, industrial technology instructor at Norris High School in Firth, Neb. “I have an au-

tomation class and an electricity and electronics class. I thought the class would be very beneficial to what I would be doing.”

Brozek and others received the Arduino Sketch IDE library, where they can use keywords to find and write code for their microcontroller boards.

The educators will be using plywood barns, which students will be able to put together and use to place fans, temperature sensors, and LCD displays. They can also add a grain bin and wind turbine as part of the school project designs. White’s lab at the Panhandle Research Extension and Education Center has a lending library with 3D printers if a school doesn’t have one, and laser engravers will be available at the lab so materials and files can be sent in by teachers to create what they need. White had originally thought the engravers could also be sent to school, but they are too delicate and need to stay in one place.

“We started with 11 teachers this year and hope to grow to 25 each year the next two years, and hopefully have 60 teachers across Nebraska and South Dakota teaching kids how to automate systems, do motor controls, and set kids up for success even without a four-year degree,” White said.

With agriculture becoming more and more automated, the importance of students learning the systems and even growing their businesses is something both the educators and White would like to see.

“We live in a continually improving automated world,” Brozek said. “More and more industries are moving towards automation. If our students learn and understand it now, that could give them a step up when they get out of school and into the workforce.”

To learn more and register for future classes, contact White at troy.white@unl. edu.

Largest Capacity CNC Cylinder Boring & Line Boring within 500 mile radius

1-855-285-0179 or 406-285-0179 Mark Oelke – Owner 20 W. Cedar • PO Box 788 • Three Forks, MT 59752 Visit us on the web at: www.mwmachine.net

2001 International 9100 with Cummins N14, 435 hp, 10 speed, 12K front, 40K rear, aluminum wheels............................ $25,500

2014 Kenworth T800 Wide nose, ISX 500 hp newly in reamed, remanufactured head, 18 speed, 46,000 lb rears on Ag400 with double lockers, 3:73 ratio, 72” studio sleeper, VIP interior, 252” wheelbase, dual air cleaners, aluminum wheels, new steer tires, wide load camera monitoring system, Auxiliary Power unit, beautiful truck ready to work................................................ $72,500

2000 Kenworth W900L sleeper truck, ISX Cummins 475 hp, 10 speed, 12K front, 40K rear ................................................ $37,500

2020 Kenworth W900L sleeper truck, Cummins X15 625 hp, overhauled 140,000 miles ago, brand new head, turbo and actuator in July of 2023, 18 speed transmission, 12K front, 40K rear with double lockers, 13K steerable lift axle, herd bumper, JBL heated lights. This truck runs daily, view by appointment only...................................... $140,000 2003 Transcraft 48-ft., 102” wide $13,500 See more inventory and photos on our web site

WANT TO BUY:

New Holland bale wagons.

Model 1032, 1033, 1036, or 1037.

Caterpillar 14E grader, 14-ft. blade, 14-24 tires, power steering, manual transmission with six forward gears and four reverse gears, tire chains, nice old machine.$32,500

2008 International Durastar 4200 flatbed winch truck, VT365, 16-ft. flatbed, 8K front, 17.5K rear on spring suspension, 25,000 original miles................................... $24,500

1995 Kenworth T800 with Cummins N14 330 hp, 8LL transmission, 20K front, 46K rear, double lockers, 20-ft. flatbed, good tires. Plenty of room for a lift axle, speak with us about installing a lift axle if one is needed........................................... $37,500

406.549.1047 or 207.1945 8360 Hwy 10 West Missoula, MT

doublediamondtrucksales.com 406doublediamond@gmail.com

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B19

* 430 HP CUMMINS * TIER 4 PERFORMANCE * ALLISON 4000 SERIES AUTO * MERITOR #33,000 AXLES * TWIN BAG REAR SUSPENSION * TANK SIZE: SS 1600, 2000, 2400 GAL * BOOM WIDTHS: 90-132’ * SPECIALTY ALUMINUM BOOMS * CHOICE OF CONTROLLERS * 50 MPH TRANSPORT SPEED

Wishing You A Happy Holidays!

AG-TRK 3000 G FERIN F O NOW LLON A G 0 300 TANK

We Specialize In Providing Quality Application Equipment Our Equipment Provides:

Mobility • Capacity • Durability • Economics • Simplicity

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G N I D BU I L

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2023 AG TRK 430 430 hp Cummins, Allison 4000 RDS Auto, 4WD, 2400 gallon tank, 132-ft. Millennium boom, Raven Viper 4 controller, Hawkeye, Ultra glide boom height, 710 Alliance tires. Great condition....................................................Call for pricing

2005 PETERBILT 2400 hours, 1400 gallon, 90-ft. boom, Trimble FMX, Trimble hydraulic steer, Raven boom height. IMMACULATE..... ............................................................................ $140,000

LOW HOURS!!

2014 HAGIE STS14: Low Hours at 800. 1400 Gallon SS Tank, 132’ Aluminum Legacy Boom, Raven Viper 4, Raven Boom Height, Deluxe Cab, 2 Sets tires (520’s and 380’s), Detailed and Fully Serviced.

Available for Fall.................................................................. $310,000

SPECIALTY ALUMINUM BOOMS

WE ARE ALWAYS

REMEMBER: Ag Trucks is Your Montana Dealer for SPECIALTY ALUMINUM BOOMS

• High Strength Aluminum Alloys • Light and Durable Construction • Engineered Welds • Outer Boom Sections Hyd Breakaway • 100, 120, 132-ft. widths • SS Plumbing

BUILDING! Drop by the

TO CK S N I M E SYST T I D E E W 2’

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Ag Trucks and Equipment is proud to announce that we are now a sales and service source for Weed It Precision Spot Spray Systems.

Realize huge application savings through the use of advanced spot spraying technology. Call for a quote today.

what goes into building the “MOST PRODUCTIVE SPRAYERS” on the market today.

Great Falls, Montana Steve Raska • 406-788-5361

Garfield, Washington

Justin Honcoop • 509-338-7346

www.agtrucksandequipment.com

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shop and see

See us on Facebook and Instagram

Give Us a Call Today!

• Individual Nozzle Control • Control Pressure Independent of Rate or Speed • Row-to-Row Liquid Fertilizer Uniformity While Automatically Changing Orifice Sizes Based on Rate or Speed • No Need to Change Orifices for Anhydrous Ammonia Apps

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page B20

ITEMS FOR SALE

2006 Neville 26-ft. trailer................................$14,000 Dolly..................................................................$2500 Ford 4000 tractor with loader...Price reduced...$8000 Case IH/New Holland SDX1000 14-ft. haybine, swing tongue...............................................$12,000 Phone Dave (406) 350-2266 or (406) 567-2632

##### Q: Why does a milking stool only have 3 legs?

A: Because the cow has the utter. ##### Ben:“Dad, there is a hole in my shoe.”

Dad: “Yes, Ben, that’s where you put your foot.”

FARM EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

John Deere 700M loader new, still on pallet, 8-ft. bucket. Loader side single point, plumbed for 3rd function. Same as John Deere H480.......................................$19,500

2009 John Deere 4895 with 14-ft. 896 header, 1950/1560 hours..........................$55,000

John Deere W235 with 16-ft. rotary header, steel containers, 1410 hours, GPS, fridge, premium cab, only 135 hours on new header, very clean........................................$157,500

New John Deere 680R loader with 8-ft. bucket, plumped for a grapple, single point hook up..............................................$18,500

2014 Case IH DH363, 35-ft. draper header for Case IH swathers, like new..........$26,500 2012 Case IH 1203 with 18-ft. header, steel conditioners, 1307 hours, suspension cab, fully serviced......................................$72,500

Case IH 35-ft. draper header for Case IH and New Holland swathers, factory transport, double knife drive. Two available.......$19,500

Farm respiratory protection CONTINUED FROM PAGE B17

the most comfortable for you. They come in all shapes and sizes, so it’s smart to try before you buy.

Before using a new respirator it is best to have a “fit test” performed by a trained person to ensure the respirator makes a good seal with your face. Such expertise is often not readily available for farmers but any user can learn to perform a “fit check” for himself or herself. Each time you put on an air-purifying respirator, place your palm over the exhale port and exhale. The respirator should slightly push out from your face. Next cover the inhale ports, or filters, inhale and hold for 10 seconds. The respirator should suck back onto your face and maintain good suction for the entire 10 seconds. If you do not get a good seal, readjust straps or reposition the respirator and redo the check. When wearing a respirator, if at any time the seal breaks and you begin to smell or taste a contaminant or if you experience dizziness, nausea, or irritation, get out of the contaminated area and into fresh air immediately.

Glasses, gum or tobacco chewing, facial hair, or even stubble can prevent your respirator from sealing properly.

A human hair can average 75-100 microns in diameter; contaminants can be anywhere from 0.2 to 16 microns in diameter. You should be clean-shaven if you want good protection. If you wear prescription glasses, adapters are available for securing prescription lenses inside the face-piece of a full-face respirator. Don’t wear contacts with respirators: in any contaminated environment, contaminants can stick to contacts and cause damage to your eyes.

Periodically inspect your respirator for damage and dirt.

Look for excessive dirt around the face-piece, detergent residue, missing valve covers, a cracked face-piece, breaks or tears in the head-straps, or loss of elasticity in the headstraps. Never attempt to repair a damaged respirator beyond replacing replaceable parts, such as filters and head-straps.

Call the manufacturer to see if they supply parts for your particular respirator. Don’t try to substitute parts from other respirators that might prevent a total seal.

Clean your respirator often in warm, soapy water (remember to remove all cartridges and filters first!). After it is thoroughly dry, store it in a sealed plastic bag. If you leave the respirator out in the open with the cartridges and filter attached, cartridges can adsorb vapors and filters can collect dust from the air and become saturated. Duct tape may be placed over the face of the cartridge or filter to prevent further exposure to dusts or vapors in the environment.

Conclusion Respirators can prevent many respiratory ailments associated with farming--but only if you wear one! Make sure you choose the right type of respirator for the hazard or hazards you’ll be facing. Before long, wearing it will become habit.

If you maintain it and clean it regularly, the small investment a respirator costs you now might save you and your family the expense of large medical bills later in life. For more information on respiratory hazards and protection, contact county extension offices, industrial hygienists, safety and health professionals, or respiratory protection manufacturers.

Bloodstream 2010 John Deere A400 with 36-ft. header, 3277/2300 hours, well maintained, local swather. On consignment..................$51,950

2012 New Holland 8060 with 35-ft. header, 960 hours, factory transport, double knife drive...................................................$65,500

2020 John Deere W260 1347/948 hours, Ultimate cab with fridge, GPS activations, 16-ft. header, V10 conditioners, fully serviced and field ready........................................$164,500

2015 Case IH 1204 with 30-ft. header, 1220 hours, Trimble GPS, header transport, 700 display...............................................$72,500

Financing & Delivery Available.

2015 Case IH 1204 with 35-ft. header, Trimble GPS, header transport, 700 display, 1154/902 hours..................................$75,000

Tom @ 406-799-8323 Fairfield, Montana

A pumping human heart can squirt blood as far as 30 feet.

You can lose up to a third of your blood and still survive.

The human body has about 60,000 miles of blood vessels.

In the time it takes to turn a page, you’ll lose 3 million blood cells and make 3 million more.

Red blood cells live four months. In that time they make 75,000 trips to the lungs and back.

The most nutritious “food” in the world is blood.

The Rh factor in blood occurs much more frequently (4045 percent) in Europeans and people of largely European ancestry.

Blood is thicker than water: blood has a specific gravity of 1.06; water’s is 1.00.

Identical twins always have the same blood type.

The average number of industrial compounds and pollutants found in an Americans’ blood and urine: 91.

What’s the pointe?

When a ballerina dances on her toes, it’s called going en pointe. A 2011 science fair project tested the amount of force on a dancer’s toe while en pointe. It measured 40.81501 Newtons per square centimeter– the equivalent of over 8,000 pounds per square foot of pressure.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C1

SEASON GREETINGS

from your neighbors up north!

11 LOCATIONS ACROSS SASKATCHEWAN , CANADA!

CASE IH PATRIOT 4440 SPRAYER Lux Surveyor Cab, Power Adjusting Mirrors, 120 ft boom, 7 section, 20” spacing, Case IH AFS Pro 700, Deluxe H.I.D./LED field lights, Accuboom section control, Autoboom Height Control 5 Sensors, Single beacon light, Trelleborg 710 Floaters $185,000 cad stk: 043284

2016 CASE IH 9240 COMBINE 620 Duels, 750 Rear, Lux Cab, Air Compressor, 40ft Unload Auger, GPS, Distance Lights, Leather Operator Seat, Powerplus CVT Drive $237,000 cad stk: 044784

2013 CASE IH 500 QUAD TRACTOR 36” Tracks, Lux Cab, PTO, 4 Hyds, Autoguidance, HID Lights, Hi-cap Pump, New 30” Trackman XP Tracks $160,000 stk: 045095

2017 CASE IH 9240 COMBINE W/ 3016 HEADER Powerplus CVT Drive, HD Lateral Header w/ Tilt Trap, Lux Cab, Leather Seats, High Def HID Lighting, Pivoting Unload Spout incab adjustment, Large Color Touch Screen $278,000 stk: 045884

2017 CASE IH 9240 COMBINE 620 Duals, 750 Rear, Lux Cab, Leather Seats, Distance Lighting, Nav II, 372 Receiver, 50ft Fold Auger, AFX Rotor $290,000 stk: 047539

2012 CASE IH 9230 COMBINE W/ 3016 PU HEADER Ext Wear Small Tube Rotor, Hard Thrash Kit, Lux Cab, HID Lighting, W/Trap, W/GPS Mount, Standard Spreader, 3016 PU Header $100,000 stk: 046947

2012 BOURGAULT 3320 AIR DRILL W/ 6700 AIR TANK 76 FT QDA, 10”, Devloo Mud Scrapers, ¾” Knives, 6700 Tank, Rear Duels, 700Bu, Tank Reads 32500 Acres $216,000 stk: 050491

2022 CASE IH 8250 COMBINE W/ 3016 FS, SG, 8/9, Lux Cab, Autoguidance Nav II Controller, Trailer Hitch, Hydraulic Covers, Dual Disc Spreaders, w/ 3016 Header $565,000 stk: 050587

2012 PATRIOT 3230 SPRAYER

2017 CASE IH STEIGER 620 QUADTRAC TRACTOR 36” Camso 6500 Tracks, Twin Flow Hyd Pumps, 6 Remotes, Lux Cab, HID Lights, LED Roof Light Pkg, Tow Cable, PTO $319,000 stk: 045237

2014 CASE IH PATRIOT 4430 SPRAYER 120 Ft. boom -7 section-20 in spacing, AFS Pro 700 Display, AFS 372 Receiver-Omnistar, 12000 Gal, Suction quick fill kit, AIM Command PRO $235,000 stk: 051606

2021 CASE IH MAXXUM 145 MFD /W ALO Q6LOADER Suspended Cab, ActiveDrive 8-24 Spd Trans, 540/1000 PTO, Bucket & Grapple, 8 LED Roof Lights, Delux Air Seat $170,000 stk: 053269

stk: 050737

AGRICULTURAL | CONSTRUCTION | TRUCKS & TRAILERS redheadequipment.ca

1.800.219.8867

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C2

If you have items you want advertised in the January 2024 issue THE VERY LATEST WE CAN ACCEPT THEM is December 27th.

TRACTORS FOR SALE

2002 John Deere 8220 MFWD 4WD tractor, 5032 hours (pulled a sprayer for the majority of hours), 190 hp. at PTO, 3-point hitch, 3 hydraulics, 1000 PTO (large), GreenStar Auto Trac Ready, 16 speed full powershift transmission, 20.8R42 rear dual tires in excellent condition, 16.9-30 front tires with fenders, H480 self-leveling loader in like new condition with bucket, pallet fork, and hay spear attachments.............................$129,000 obo John Deere 7520 4WD tractor, 9790 hours, 175 hp. at PTO, 1000 PTO, 18.4-34 tires, runs great........................................ $7500 obo

Phone (406) 658-2106, Malta, MT

BIG UPCOMING SALE DECEMBER & JANUARY

We can now get steel hoppers for any bin and coated steel fertilizer bins Small Feed Bins - Large Capacity and everything in between

We are NEW dealer for Scafco bins and grain systems.

All 2023 Model Year Trailers Must Go! On Sale NOW!

Big Timber, MT

406-860-8510 2023

2023

2023

SureTrac 81/2x25+5 gooseneck deckover, 22.5K GVW, HD suspension, flip over ramps, spare tire + more. Was $14,295

Now $13,995

Wells Cargo FT 7x14, rear ramp, V-nose, 78” rear door, D-rings & more! Was $8195

Now $7295

2023 2023 HP 7x16 LoPro dump, 14K GVW, scissor hoist, combo rear gate, tarp, charger.

Was $12,495

Now $11,995

2023

SureTrac 81/2 x 24 deckover, power tilt, 15K GVW, 34” deck height, D-rings, electric brakes, LED lights, more.

Was $11,595

Now $11,295

SureTrac 7 x 18 car hauler, 7K GVW, removable fender, brakes. Was $4995

Now $4595

Wells Cargo FT 81/2x20 car hauler, 10K GVW, 81” rear door, V-nose, radial tires.

Was $8995

Now $8495

2023 SureTrac 7 x 16+4 equipment tilt, 14K GVW, hyd. cylinder lock, D-rings, LED lights and more. Was $8595

Now $8195

2023 SureTrac 81/2 x 20 Deckover, 14K GVW, ramps, 12K jack, electric brakes, D rings. Was $8595....Now $8195 2023 SureTrac 6x12 LoPro dump, 10K GVW, tarp, battery charger, ramps, spreader gate. Was $8995.....Now $8295 2023 SureTrac 6x10 LoPro dump, 10K GVW, ramps, dual rear gate, tarp, charger, electric brakes. Was $8495.....Now $7995 2023 SureTrac 5x10 LoPro dump, 7K GVW, tarp, battery charger, spreader/Barn door rear gate. Was $7295.....Now $6695 2020 Lamar 7x22 utility, 7K GVW, electric brake, spare, tool box.

Was $4495.....Now 4195 2023 SureTrac 7x20 car hauler, 10K GVW, winch plate, removable fender, brakes. Was $5995.....Now $5595

Web: www.platinumautocenter.net

E-mail: platchevy@gmail.com

Gene study paves way for agricultural advancements

By Jordan Strickler, University of Kentucky The University of Kentucky Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment is working to uncover the mysterious world of gene-silencing in plants. Thanks to this research, scientists may develop more effective ways to improve crop yields, increase resistance to pests and diseases and reduce agriculture’s environmental impact.

Exploring the intricate molecular processes that control this pathway, their findings, now published in The Plant Cell, may have significant implications for genetic engineering and agriculture.

“By further understanding how plants regulate genes, we will be able to control when, how strong, and what genes become active,” said Tomo Kawashima, UK Department of Plant and Soil Science associate professor.

Kawashima and his team made an interesting discovery: transgenes, which encode proteins with no specific cellular localization, undergo gene silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana sperm cells. They also found this phenomenon happens even in plants genetically altered with known genes which cause silencing pathways.

“What we found is a new gene silencing pathway,” Kawashima said. “We mutated the genes responsible for the previously characterized known gene-silencing pathway to check whether our newly identified gene silencing still occurs and indeed it still happens. This is significant as we concluded that this is the new gene silencing pathway different from the rest.”

Kawashima said that while this may seem like a small finding, it has significant implications for understanding gene expression and regulation.

“Genetic studies have come a long way in recent years, and with it, the ability to engineer genes and create improved traits,” he said. “However, scientists still need to learn more about how genes are regulated and expressed, particularly in complex organisms like plants.”

Kawashima said this could become important for agriculture.

“Genetic engineering relies on the expression of transgenes, and these transgenes often get silenced, which we do not fully understand. Therefore, our discovery will pave the way for solving transgene silencing and thus more efficient genetic engineering for sustainable agriculture.”

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Science Foundation under Award Number 1928836. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Reducing hay feeding losses

By Jerry Volesky, UNL Hay is expensive and many long hours go into harvesting, storing, and feeding it. Don’t waste up to a third of it by using poor feeding practices.

Believe it or not, cattle can trample, over consume, manure on, and use for bedding up to 25 to 45 percent of your hay when it is fed with no restrictions. Extra control in feeding can pay off big time with that expensive hay.

For starters, don’t provide more than one day’s supply at a time. Research has shown that when cows are fed a four-day supply, they will overeat and waste 20 to 30 percent more hay than when they are fed one day at a time. This adds up to $50 to $75 more per cow over a four-month feeding period. Best of all is to feed only what the livestock will clean up in one meal, so nothing is left over to be wasted.

Be sure to provide sufficient space, though, for all animals to eat at once so boss cows don’t stop timid cows from getting their fair share.

Another thing you can do is restrict access to hay. Use bale racks or rings to keep animals off the hay. Especially useful are racks with barriers around the bottom that prevent livestock from pulling hay loose with their feet and dragging it out to be stepped on. If you unroll bales or grind and feed on the ground, position an electric fence alongside or above the hay to keep cows from trampling or bedding down on the hay.

As always, feed a balanced ration that provides sufficient energy and protein, but not too much. Animals that eat more protein than they need will simply excrete it as extra nitrogen in their urine. This is just as wasteful as directly trampling it into the ground.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C3

406-727-7153

4181 North Park Trail - Great Falls, MT (G)

406-538-3919

77335 US HWY 87 - Lewistown, MT (L)

www.hovenequipment.com

WEEDit

Great Falls Sales:

James – 868-2570; Hunter – 868-8312; Adam – 403-5987; Will – 590-0372; Tyler – 868-4194

Lewistown Sales: Anna – 231-4251

Call us for all your equipment needs!

BALE PROCESSORS

25% OFF all IN STOCK PARTS Now until supplies last

Haybuster 2650 processor. stk# 30759...... (G) Haybuster 256 stk# 29172.............. $1495 (G) Haybuster BB256 left-hand discharge. stk# 29173........................................... $1495 (G) Haybuster 256+II stk# 30261..................... (G) Haybuster 256+II round only. stk# 30279.... (L) Haybuster S2000 square bale processor. stk# 31321...................................................... (G) Vermeer BPX9010 R&S processor, 1000 PTO, right hand discharge. stk# 29565............. (L)

ent. tomers m p qui ng cus ss.

E n ve worki succe o H d e at ur har such a n o very ll of o is year hat the ings e from thank a ing th hope t ear br rity e ak to w Y rospe !

W m e t r n N ll p fo wa to a We

(No discounts or returns)

SNOW REMOVAL

MTD 31A-611D000 22”, 2 stage snowblower. stk# 26304............................................... (G) Toro 38473 snowblower. stk# 30234.......... (G) Toro 38170 snowblower. stk# 5810............ (G) Buhler YC1080D snowblower. stk# 6771... (G) Bobcat 10-ft. snowblower. stk# 29653......... (L)

ROUND BALERS

TRACTORS

Vermeer BPX9010R processor. stk# 29561.(L) Vermeer BPX8000 round only. stk# 11189..(L)

New Holland TN95 FA tractor. stk# 26075..(G) New Holland T7040 tractor. stk# 23165......(L) Case IH Puma 165 tractor, CVT, front axle suspension, loader/grapple. stk# 22551..(L) Massey Ferguson GC1720TLB tractor. stk# 19254...................................................... (G) Steiger PT225 tractor. stk# 20554.............. (G)

Kubota BX2380 compact tractor. stk# 30042.. .................................................. $16,900 (G) International 544 tractor. stk# 31318......... (G)

CONSTRUCTION

New Holland RB560 net only. stk# 22242... (L) New Holland RB560 laced belts, ISO, net only, 1000 PTO with cut out clutch. stk# 22244..(L) New Holland RB560 ISO with monitor, endless belts, net/twine, 1000 PTO. stk# 22245... (L) New Holland RB560 ISO with monitor, endless belts, x-wide pickup, net/twine, 1000 PTO. stk# 23925................................................ (L) New Holland BR7090 baler, net/twine. stk# 30659....................................................... (L) Case IH RB565 net/twine, 1000 PTO, x-wide pickup, ISO with monitor, endless belts. stk# 29795....................................................... (L) Case IH RB565 baler, ISO, laced belts, x-wide pickup, casters, roller windguard, large flotation tires, net/twine. stk# 22476................ (L) Case IH RB564 net/twine, x-wide pickup, 1000 PTO, laced belts. stk# 30758................... (L) Vermeer 605L round baler, twine only, 540 PTO, bale kicker, hay saver wheels. stk# 21490.... ................................................................ (G) John Deere 569 net/twine, 1000 PTO, large flotation tires, hydraulic kicker. stk# 30997.(L) Hesston 956A twine only. stk# 9821..$6900 (G) Hesston 856A stk# 22105............... $4900 (G)

ROCKPICKER

Vermeer BP8000 round only. stk# 11240......... ................................................... $16,900 (L)

Bobcat CT2025HST tractor stk# 29350.......(L)

COMBINES

John Deere 9600 combine, 930R header with fore & aft, 20-ft. unloading auger, straw chopper with chaff spreader, new rear tires, grain loss monitor. stk# 30849......................... (G) Case 1660 with header. stk# 13168............ (G)

New Holland LM7.42 Elite Telehandler. stk# 22833.......................................................(L) NEW Bobcat S66 skidsteer. stk# 28427..... (G) NEW Bobcat T64 CTL skidsteer, touch display, rear camera, heated seat. stk# 30714.... (G) Case SV280 skidsteer, cab, air conditioning & heat, ISO/H pattern, 2 speed, high flow, 78” bucket. stk# 22552...................................(L) Cat 259D skidsteer, cab, AC, pilot control, standard flow, color display. stk# 31157..........(L) Quick Attach Sledge Pounder skidsteer mount. stk# 29228................................... (G)

HEADERS

Bale King 5100 processor, round only, right hand discharge. stk# 29070.................... (G)

New Holland 14HS series sickle header, rubber conditioner. stk# 30722........................... (G) New Holland 971 header. stk# 19691.............. ..................................................... $3900 (G) MacDon D65D header. stk# 25892............. (G)

RAKES

NEW New Holland 1631 rake, 16 wheel high capacity, single side opening, 60”, rear tandems, rear hydraulic opening. stk# 28671.(G) New Holland 216 rake. stk# 30906............ (G)

2009 Bobcat 325G compact excavator, 2800 hours. stk# 15179. .......................... $26,900

H&S MK14 14 wheel rake. stk# 23701........ (L) H&S MK14 14 wheel rake. stk# 31155......... (L) Toro TX525 Dingo wide track, diesel engine, stand-on platform. stk# 28506................. (G)

SQUARE BALERS

NEW Haybuster 3106 rockpicker. stk# 30518.. ................................................................. (L) Crown 400 rockpicker. stk#30664............... (G)

SPRAYER

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Neal Hay Sales

Therapy and prevention of hepatic lipidosis in llamas and alpacas

By Robert J. Van Saun, extension veterinarian, PSE

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This column is the second and final part to our discussion of hepatic lipidosis. In the previous column (June) the disease itself was described and characterized based on field case surveys and research models.

Diagnostic tools for recognizing potential risk (rapid fat mobilization measured as non-esterified fatty acids [NEFA]) and disease presence (elevated liver enzymes) were described. It was emphasized that although elevated liver enzymes were indicative of liver dysfunction, hepatic lipidosis is not the only disease condition that could induce these changes in liver function parameters.

Liver biopsy, to visualize or measure the amount of fat, is needed for definitive diagnosis. In this column approach to therapy for an animal diagnosed with of hepatic lipidosis will be addressed. As with all diseases, emphasis will be placed on discussing feeding management practices useful in minimizing risk for hepatic lipidosis in your animals.

Treatment Approaches In the previously described feed restriction trial to induce hepatic lipidosis,¹ animals were returned to normal feeding amounts when initial signs of hepatic lipidosis were observed and fatty infiltration of liver biopsy specimens were documented, which was between 13 and 21 days from the start of feed restriction. When affected llamas were returned to normal feed, body weight increased, blood values gradually changed toward normal, and fat disappeared from the liver (based on further biopsy samples). Timeframe observed for improvement in liver fat content was between 5 and 12 days from the time of refeeding. This was a significant finding in that it showed that the condition is reversible when normal levels of nutrients and calories are consumed. It must be remembered that the severity of fatty infiltration observed in this study was much less than clinical cases, suggesting a potentially longer period of time required for recovery.

With deficient energy intake being a hallmark factor in initiating hepatic lipidosis, therapy must be focused on increasing energy intake. This is accomplished by stimulating feed intake. Offering a variety of browse material and fresh grass clippings has been beneficial to stimulating intake.

Blackberry leaves are particularly appealing to camelids. Injections of B-vitamins as well as some pain relief medications can also stimulate intake.

If more aggressive oral supplementation is required, liquid consistency gruel can be mixed and administered via tube if feasible.

Soaking alfalfa pellets in hot water and mixing in calf electrolytes, calcium propionate, propylene glycol and other ingredients can provide a nice workable mixture to provide energy sources and fermentable material.

Camelids are obligate nasal breathers, so indwelling tubes through the nasal passages to the stomach are not practical. If oral tubing results in extreme stress to the animal, this may not be a viable pathway for support. Transfaunation (administering rumen contents from another animal) can be used to repopulate the microbial fauna and restimulate fermentation. Collected rumen fluid from cattle, sheep or goats can be used in llamas or alpacas.

In more severe cases, intensive supportive care and dietary management, including parenteral (i.e., intravenous) nutrition, must be used.² Work with your veterinarian to transfaunate the fermentation vat and administer therapeutic nutritional support

(glucose and amino acid solutions). Given the concern on insulin resistance, administration of an appropriate dose of insulin in conjunction with glucose therapy is warranted. You should never administer insulin without concurrent glucose therapy; otherwise you may induce low blood glucose. Be aware that prognosis is always guarded in these more severe cases, even with aggressive nutritional support. All sick camelids should be considered at risk for developing hepatic lipidosis, especially those with anorexia or metabolic demands of pregnancy and lactation. Close monitoring of intake in sick animals is absolutely critical to prevent deaths.

Disease Prevention - Nutritional Management The key to treating and preventing this disease is early recognition and aggressive nutritional support. Prevention is based on ensuring adequate energy and protein intake, especially in pregnant and lactating females through the feeding of good quality forage and appropriate supplementation.

New feeding recommendations for llamas and alpacas have just been published by the National Research Council (NRC).³ Forage testing is the only true way to know the quality of forage being fed. Most cases of hepatic lipidosis are associated with the feeding of mature grass forages (< 9% crude protein; >60% neutral detergent fiber [NDF]). Given their innate selective feeding behaviors, adding some alfalfa or clover forage to grass forage can facilitate the ability of llamas and alpacas to consume a high-quality diet. Grain supplements with some protein will be required to support lactation, though the amount and composition required will vary by production level and forage quality.

Lactating dams have the highest nutrient requirements and should be fed the best-quality forages and potentially supplemented with a grain product containing energy and protein sources. Based on NRC recommendations(3), dietary composition for lactating animals should contain: 60 to 75% total digestible nutrients (TDN), 1214% crude protein, 0.45-0.62% calcium, and 0.32-0.45% phosphorus. Pregnant females during the last 3 months of pregnancy require moderate to high-quality forages with supplement for additional mineral and vitamin needs. Dietary composition for late pregnant animals should contain: 55 to 70% TDN, 10-12% crude protein, 0.45-0.56% calcium, and 0.28-0.33% phosphorus. From these recommendations, mature grass hay has no place in these diets as it will reduce intake and dietary energy and protein content without excessive grain supplementation.

Disease Prevention - Monitoring Body weight determination Many llama enterprises have scales in which body weight can be measured. Given the strong association between significant weight loss and hepatic lipidosis, one can use routine (monthly or bimonthly) body weight determinations to assess potential risk. Body weight loss exceeding 15% over a short (1-2 weeks) period of time is a high risk factor for this disease. One needs historical information to interpret current body weight and change over time. Pregnant animals should gain approximately 10 to 15% of their body weight over the last three months of pregnancy to account for fetal growth. Lactating animals will be expected to lose body weight in support CONTINUED ON PAGE C6

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C5

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Therapy and prevention of hepatic lipidosis in llamas and alpacas CONTINUED FROM PAGE C4

of lactation. This weight loss will vary by individuals and amount of milk produced.

Typical weight loss should be less than 10% of body weight following birthing.

Excessive weight loss in early lactation is an indicator of inadequate dietary amounts or quality and can predispose to hepatic lipidosis problems.

Body condition scoring By far, the single best and simplest method of evaluating your nutritional program is body condition scoring. Body condition scoring is a method that subjectively grades animals by amount of subcutaneous fat stores into defined “fatness” categories. A 5-point system covering physical states of emaciated (1), thin (2), average (3), fat (4), and obese (5) has been developed (Figure 1).4 As with sheep, to properly body condition score a llama or alpaca one needs to palpate through the fiber coat to feel over

boney structures for thickness of tissue and fat cover. Key areas to assess are the loin area just behind the ribs and in front of the pelvis. Within this area you want to evaluate fat presence between the boney projections from the vertebrae extending upward (dorsal spinous process) and laterally (transverse process or “short ribs”) from the spinal column (see pictures in figure). In this same area you want to determine how much of a shelf is formed by the transverse processes. This area behind the ribs and below the spine is termed the paralumbar fossa. In thin animals the body wall in this area will be sucked in with the short ribs forming an obvious shelf. In fatter animals, the body wall will project out and the short ribs will be hard to identify. Additionally, one should visualize the degree of fatness in the brisket (chest) and inguinal areas.

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Figure 1. Body condition scoring chart for llamas and alpacas (from Van Saun, R. “Feeding the Alpaca.” In: The Complete Alpaca, 2nd ed., Hoffman, E. (ed.), Boony-Doon Press: Santa Cruz, CA, 2006). Refer to text for description of evaluation sites.

The ideal body condition is 3.0, having a moderate amount of body fat. Although some individuals will maintain lower or higher body condition score and remain healthy, this is just inherent individual differences in metabolism. Body condition scores 2.0 and below or 4.0 and above are considered abnormal and represent extremely thin or fat animals, respectively.

Most animals other than those in late pregnancy or lactation should maintain a body condition score between 2.5 and 3.25. Late pregnant animals should have slightly higher body condition (3.25-3.5) to have reserves to support impending lactation.

Lactating animals will lose body condition rapidly as they produce milk. Lactating animals should not lose more than 0.5-0.75 condition scores. A loss in body condition implies the consumed intake of feed is deficient in energy, protein, or both. Important times to assess body condition score would be during early to mid pregnancy, early to mid lactation, and periodically (4-6 times per year) to other animals of the herd to assess energy status.

Blood profiles Besides evaluating an animal’s physical attributes relative to health and disease, analysis of blood is often used to determine presence of disease. Nutrition can influence many physiologic and metabolic body functions, thus a number of blood parameters can be used within a defined framework for evaluating nutritional status. These are two

different objectives in using blood analysis and require different animals to be selected.

Blood metabolite analysis in unhealthy animals is best used to help in disease diagnosis. To best assess nutritional status using blood metabolites, one should sample only healthy animals so as not to have confounding effects of disease on blood parameters.

Based on what has been described for hepatic lipidosis, blood measures of NEFA and protein (urea nitrogen, albumin, total protein) could be used to assess potential risk in healthy looking animals. Liver function enzymes and beta-hydroxybutyrate are best suited to disease diagnosis.

Forage Testing The importance of forage quality to a nutrition program cannot be overemphasized.

Forage quality is best tested by chemical measures for moisture, crude protein, and neutral and acid detergent fiber by a certified laboratory. Feed laboratories in your area can be found through the National Forage Testing Association (www.foragetesting. org). It is important to obtain a representative sample of the entire amount of forage to be fed using a forage sampling device.

Visual assessment is based on identifying properties of maturity (i.e., stem thickness, flowers, seed heads), leaf-to-stem ratio, and foreign object presence. In addition to the chemical measures for quality, one should have macro- and micromineral content determined. This would allow one to best CONTINUED ON PAGE C10

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 – Page C7

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No time like the present Real ideas about time travel start with Albert Einstein’s theory of special relativity. The theory says that the faster you travel through space, the slower you travel through time.

If you hop a plane from New York to London, traveling at, say, 500 mph, by the time you get home, you’d be about 30 nanoseconds younger than the friend you left behind, neither of you would notice, of course. But if you could travel through space at the speed of light for 10 years, by the time you returned, hundreds of years would have passed, and everyone you knew would be long dead. Your “present” and your friend’s “present” would now be …1,000 years apart.

Einstein’s second theory–on general relativity–says that space-time can be bent. One point in time can be bent to touch any other long-past or far-future moment. Think about placing a heavy object on an outstretched piece of elasticized fabric. The fabric sags until it eventually curls in on itself and its ends touch. If the past can touch the present, is it still the past or is it now the present?

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C9

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C10

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The 12 Days of Christmas Song Gift Ideas If you have never done this before, getting gifts each day for for the twelve days before Christmas is both fun and rewarding. The ladies consider it very romantic. Usually done in addition to Christmas day gifts, each of the 12 day gifts does not have to cost much money.

Bring creative is loads of fun(see the 12th day drums below). Want to have even more fun?

Send it secretly. Do not tell the recipient until after the 12th day.

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Twelve days of Christmas Gift Ideas by Day: On the first day of Christmas my true love sent to me, a Partridge in a Pear Tree.

If you stick to the concept of any bird in any tree, this is one of the easiest days to buy for.

Gift Ideas: A sweater with a (any kind of bird sitting on a tree branch). Cardinals are common Christmas images. Many will be sitting on a branch, or in a tree. Stick an ornament with a bird on it, in basket of pears. A can of pears will also do. The Partridge Family Christmas CD is a good choice.

On the second day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Two Turtle Doves.

Products with doves are easy to find.

Gift Ideas: Dove brand chocolate candies is a great choice. Two bars of Dove soap works, too. Also, decorations and knick knacks with a turtle or a dove are easy to find.

On the third day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Three French Hens.

Gift Ideas: Movies include The French Connection (an oldie but goodie), and French Kiss (Meg Ryan). We like the latter, for romantic effect. Speaking of romance, try a french wine.

French perfumes are well received. Also consider french bread.

On the fourth day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Four Calling Birds.

Gift Ideas: Anything with the image of at least one bird on it. Images with four birds would be ideal, but the search may prove long.

It will be a cinch to find holiday items with birds on them. Bird seed. The idea here, is it will attract at least four calling birds (song birds). You can also go to a pet store and buy a pet bird.

On the fifth day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Five Golden Rings.

This is one of the easiest to buy for. It can cost almost nothing. Or, it can cost you a small fortune.

Gift Ideas: A roll of butterscotch lifesavers costs less than a dollar. A jewelry store will be happy to sell you five golden rings. Also in keeping with the “five golden” theme, is necklaces with five rings or triangles on them, five wrist bracelets, or a wrist bracelet with five trinkets on it... DVD’s with the word “gold” or “golden” in the title. ie., Goldfinger. Another

simple ideal is Golden Grahams. On the cheap?

Give a few onion rings!

On the sixth day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Six Geese a Laying.

As we progress in our search, the last several days get tougher.

Gift Ideas: In the New York Wine section of your liquor store, look for Goose Watch winery.

Craft and antique shops will be a rich source of kitchen items, and knick knacks with geese on them. Old fashioned candy shops may have chocolates from a goose mold, if you are lucky.

On the seventh day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Seven Swans a Swimming.

Gift Ideas: This may prove to be a hard one.

Look for knick knacks pictures in craft and antique shops.

On the eighth day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Eight Maids a Milking.

This is the last “easy” day. The ones that follow, can be a challenge.

Gift Ideas: Honey Maid graham crackers and a quart of chocolate milk are an easy find. Swiss Miss brand hot cocoa mix really nails it. Maid service would be a great hit....

On the ninth day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Nine Ladies Dancing.

Gift Ideas: Did you know that the very popular holiday Amaryllis, is also called “Naked Lady Flower”? If your local liquor store has a New York State wine sections, look for a bottle of Foxy Lady from Hunt Country Vineyards. Ballerinas and dancers re common on Christmas ornaments. Look for pictures and knick knacks of Lords and Ladies from Medieval times. Dance lessons. CDs or DVDs from musicals.

On the tenth day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Ten Lords a Leaping.

This may seem to be a challenging task...until you realize that religious stores will have a huge selection of times that have the word “Lord” in it.

Gift Ideas: Baby Jesus is the Lord, making a manger scene a great choice. A religious store will have pictures, sayings, readings from the bible with the word “Lord” in it on countless items. Look for pictures and knick knacks of Lords and Ladies from Medieval times. We found the image of deer leaping on a crystal.... it works.

On the eleventh day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Eleven Pipers Piping.

This song saves the seemingly hardest two for last. But, we’ve got you covered.

Gift Ideas: If the recipient smokes, a tobacco pipe is an easy selection. A box of tea bags will represent “piping” hot tea. If the recipient sews, “piping” is a narrow cloth tube used in decorating furniture and clothes.

On the twelfth day of Christmas my true love sent to me, Twelve Drummers Drumming.

Gift Ideas: A pair of chopsticks and a popcorn tin. The recipient can play the drums on the tin, while watching a holiday DVD and eating popcorn from the tin. A CD Christmas with “The Little Drummer Boy” song is a good choice.

Ornaments with drums or a drummer boy are hard to find. A search through craft and antique shops will turn up a few ornaments for the last and final day. Turkey drumsticks will suffice... we suppose.

Therapy and prevention of hepatic lipidosis in llamas and alpacas CONTINUED FROM PAGE C6

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determine the need for additional supplements and evaluate which supplements best match their forage.

Feed testing results will be in the form of a report listing nutrient content for the given sample. Generally laboratories will report nutrient content on an as fed (wet weight) basis and a dry matter (water excluded) basis. Dry matter nutrient content will always

be the larger number as it represents the amount of nutrient in the sample without the water weight. In comparing nutrient content across feeds, one should use only dry matter values as feeds vary tremendously in their moisture content. Additional information about forage testing can be obtained from agronomy specialists with agricultural universities or extension personnel.

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Next year’s gladiolus

By Carrie Knutson, Horticulture agent, NDSU Extension – Grand Forks County This summer I planted gladiolus flowers in the pots in front of my house. The vertical bladed leaves added height that I was missing in my containers. The gladiolus flowers were from a mixed bag, so it was exciting to see what colors I would get. Not one of the colors, red, pink, coral, white and yellow, were disappointing.

Gladiolus flowers are grown from a type of bulb called a “corm.” The term “bulb” can mean any underground plant storage structure. These structures help the plant reproduce and/or survive during unfavorable growing conditions. Bulbs can be made from modified plant structures like stems, leaves and roots. Examples would be true bulbs, tubers, rhizomes and corms. Corms are thick shortened stems whose purpose is to store food for the plant.

Gladiolus are classified as a summer bulb. This means they are not hardy in our area and will not survive our cold winters. So, gladiolus can be used as an annual or dug up and saved to plant next year.

Corms are dug for storage after a light frost kills the foliage. Loosen the soil around the corms with a trowel or fork and then remove the corms gently from the soil. This will help prevent damage to the corms.

Cuts in or bruises on the corm are open wounds in which disease organisms can enter. Corm injury can reduce the chances of storing the corms successfully over the winter.

Select the best corms to store. The corms should be free of disease and insects.

Do not wash the corms to remove any remaining soil.

Instead, wait a couple of days for the soil to dry out. Then the soil can easily be wiped off. Gladiolus corms should be cured (allowed to dry out) out of direct sunlight in a wellventilated area at room temperature for 2 to 3 weeks. The length of curing time will depend on the curing environment conditions.

Note, the new corm will grow on top of the old corm. The old corms should be removed before winter storage. You might also find smaller corms or “cormels.” The cormels can be removed from the parent corm and saved to grow the following year. It will take a couple growing seasons before the cormels become big enough to flower.

Corms can be stored in a well-ventilated basket, mesh bags or nylon stockings at a temperature around 40° Fahrenheit.

Label your bulbs so that you don’t forget what they are, especially if you have them sorted by flower color. Check your corms every few weeks to make sure no storage issues have developed.

I am still waiting for that first frost so I can dig up my corms and get them stored for winter. I can’t wait to see what my gladiolus look like next year. Happy gardening!

Antarctic jargon Living as a research scientist at the McMurdo Station in Antarctica must be a unique experience. And it has its own lingo.

Boomerang: An outgoing airplane flight that has to return immediately after takeoff due to bad weather.

Green Brain: A small green notebook issued to all researchers.

Ivan: Short for “ice van,” it’s the large, iceworthy bus that transfers researchers from one building to another.

Apples: Warming huts–red, fiberglass, domed igloos.

Polie: Research workers (as in “South Polies”).

Oden: Named after the powerful Norse god Odin, it’s a huge icebreaking vessel used on the water channels where the supply ships enter.

Gerbil Gym: The workout room, which consists almost entirely of treadmills.

Freshies: The weekly food delivery from New Zealand.

Southern: There are two bars for the scientists off duty.

The Southern (short for Southern Exposure) allows smoking; the other bar, Gallagher’s, doesn’t.

Winfly: The day-long switchover from the winter crew (Feb.-Oct.) to the summer crew (Oct.-Feb.). It’s short for “winter fly-in.”

Yak Tracks: Traction-providing grips that go on the bottom of boots.

Big Red and Bunny Boots: The two main pieces of standard issue ECW, or “extreme cold weather” gear. Big Red is a big puffy coat; Bunny Boots are white rubber boots.

Uppercase: The three-story dormitory researchers live in.

The Ice: Antarctic itself.

Understanding protein in feed

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C13

ALFALFA HAY & CLEAN

By Sydney Vanderhoff, SDSU Extension Beef Nutrition Field Specialist WHEAT STRAW FOR SALE and Madison Kovarna 1st and 2nd cutting alfalfa hay, tarped 3x4 bales. include distiller’s grains, corn gluten meal, Have you ever received a text message Also clean wheat straw. corn grain, and blood meal. where someone abbreviated some words Phone (406) 600-4146, Bozeman, MT Corn silage is a common cattle feed here and you have no idea what they mean? We in South Dakota. Corn silage has an average often get lost in abbreviations and their CP of 6.5 to 8.5%. A majority of the crude exact meaning. Abbreviations are a comprotein is in the form of RDP, and because mon form of communication in texting of this, corn silage-based diets could benefit each other. As cattle producers, we see from supplemental protein that is ruminally abbreviations, such as CP, RDP, RUP, and undegradable.

MP, in relation to feedstuffs. It is important Metabolizable Protein (MP) to understand the different terms related to Cattle have a metabolizable protein protein in feed. (abbreviated as MP) requirement, which Crude Protein (CP) includes RDP, RUP, and microbial protein.

Crude protein (abbreviated as CP) is a Metabolizable protein requirements of measurement of nitrogen content of the cattle vary with the stage of production. For feed. CP concentration is calculated using example, growing calves respond to RUP the nitrogen (abbreviated as N) concentrasupplementation as a strategy to increase tion times 6.25, which assumes that the avGET YOUR MP when grazing forage. Lactation and erage N concentration of a protein molecule growth both require a greater amount of MP, HAY BALES is 16%. Crude protein is divided into rumen often more than can be supplied by microdegradable protein (abbreviated as RDP) MOVIN! bial crude protein and RDP. For this reason, and rumen undegradable protein (abbrevi1992 Kenworth with 48-ft. rapidly growing and lactating cattle usually ated as RUP).

Trail King trailer, complete benefit from a protein supplement high in Billions of microbes, such as protozoa with hay rack. Only 80,000 RUP. However, a dry-bred mature cow and bacteria, call the cow’s rumen home miles on a rebuilt engine grazing dormant range would benefit from and are responsible for the fermentation and transmission. Both cab and trailer in excellent condia supplemental source of RDP to support tion, includes nearly new rubber..................... Just $57,500 digestion that occurs within this organ. A CP the rumen microbial function with fewer level of 7% or greater should be supplied for Phone Dennis (406) 537-2333, 7am to 8pm advantages from providing additional RUP. a mature cow, as forage digestion will decrease below this threshold.

It is important to note that a cow’s requirement may be Y higher, as this level is the Thank you ERR M S! minimum to support those A M for letting rumen microbes.

IST R H C Rumen Degradable Prous serve you tein (RDP) Producers might have in 2023. We heard this type of protein look forward called degradable intake protein (abbreviated as DIP). to assisting Rumen degradable protein is you in the protein available for the rumen microbes to use. The 2024. microbes work in the rumen to break down and ferment the feed consumed by the cow. Thus, RDP is essential for microbes to use fiber efficiently and release energy for the animal to use. The microbes themselves flow into the small intestine and they, along with RDP, represent the most-important Free Form’s Generation II liquid tank is the perfect solution for eliminating algae formation protein source for the ruA post emergent, systemic herbicide with no soil residual activity. in water tanks. The UV light blocking black minant and the majority of It is generally non-selective and gives broad spectrum control of interior coupled with the light reflecting white exterior give the Generation II tank many annual weeds, perennial weeds, woody brush and trees. amino acids entering the many advantages over conventional tanks. By reflecting the UV rays the exterior of small intestine. Feeds high Call for more information! the tank and it’s contents remain cool, this also prevents loss of strength that often in RDP include forages, soycaused black tanks to buckle when fastened to trucks. bean meal, and non-protein Check us out for all your sprayer nitrogen (abbreviated as Time to think about Top Dressing parts & supplies! Including hose, NPN) sources, such as urea and ammonia.

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Rumen Undegradable Protein (RUP) Rumen undegradable protein (abbreviated as RUP) is the second most-important source of amino acids to the LIQUID - DRY - ANHYDROUS animal. Rumen undegradable protein is the proportion of dietary protein that is not digested by the microbes in the rumen and is available for the ruminant animal for tissue growth or lactation.

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Mike Ebinger, a wildlife biologist for Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks shows UM students Cadence Medeiros, left, and Delaney Weltz how to age deer brought through the MWP hunter check station in Bonner.

(UM photos by Tanner Ecker)

Counting molars

By Raequel Roberts, UM News Service Traffic jams are rare in this historic mill town east of Missoula, but when they happen the locals know it can only be one of two things: There’s a concert at the KettleHouse Amphitheater or it’s hunting season in the Big Sky State.

Bonner is one of several sites on the western side of the state where Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (big game) and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (waterfowl and upland birds) host hunter check stations. On any given fall weekend, up to 1,000 hunters will que up as required by law to report their harvest –­ or lack thereof.

With assistance from University of Montana students, wildlife biologists use the stations to gain valuable insights into the health of Montana’s big game and bird populations.

“Check stations provide us with a unique opportunity to collect data we can’t get from the air,” said Mike Ebinger, FWP Region 2 wildlife biologist. “For example, the age of harvested animals and antler configurations. It also provides a venue for interaction between the hunting public and FWP biologists. It really is a two-way flow of information – we are here to answer questions, but we are also actively gathering information about the public’s hunting experience and their management concerns.”

The students working alongside Ebinger and other FWP staff are enrolled in Wild 374, an experiential learning course conducted by UM’s Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit and the W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation. The class, which meets just once in a classroom during the fall semester, requires students to work four days at check stations during hunting season and complete a term paper on their experiences.

“I transferred from a school in Oregon a year ago because UM offers so many classes with some hands-on components like this,” said Lily McPherson, a senior environmental studies and sustainability major who worked opening day at the Bonner station. “It is definitely interesting to be that up close to such big animals.”

Like McPherson, other students cited the opportunity to get experience out in the field for enrolling in the course, as well as becoming better acquainted with the rich diversity of Montana wildlife.

“For many students, this is their first taste of what it’s like to work as a wildlife biologist,” said Rebecca Mowry, an FWP wildlife biologist who’s operated the hunter check station in Darby for the past 10 years. “It provides an opportunity to see up close the animals that come through here.”

Mowry added that she has run into graduates of the program as far away as Texas who previously worked in Darby.

“I tell students they should never pass up opportunities to network with professionals who have the jobs they dream of,” said Chad Bishop, director of UM’s Wildlife Biology Program. “Days spent at the check points give students enrolled in this class valuable time for this interaction.”

Bishop and Ebinger cautioned students in the initial class that while each day at the station will be unique, there will be certainties, including cold and wet weather. Appropriate dress is key, as is being willing to hop in and out of muddy truck beds.

“There will be blood,” Ebinger said. “And you will hear complaints about wolves and Montana’s paper tagging system.

“You will be using a lot of electrical tape to put the tags back on animals,” he added.

Shifts at the check stations typically last from 10:30 a.m. until 8 p.m. Students assist with recording basic information, such as where an animal was harvested, its sex and, when CONTINUED ON PAGE C16

Interpreting forage quality of grass hay

By Ben Beckman, UNL Have you ever tested the quality of your grass hay and been disappointed at the low relative feed value? Well, maybe your worry is unnecessary.

Producers testing prairie, cane, or other grass hay can be confused when the hay itself looks really good but when a lab tested it, the relative feed value, or RFV, was surprisingly low. Numbers came back in the 70s or 80s. Is something wrong with the hay?

Actually, things may be just fine. You see, relative feed value was initially developed primarily to test legumes like alfalfa for the dairy industry. It used two types of fiber, the ADF and the NDF to calculate the RFV score. The NDF helped estimate intake and ADF estimated energy.

However, this system assumed all fiber had the same digestibility. We know that is not true, and it especially misrepresents the forage quality of grasses. Grasses have more fiber than legumes but grass fiber usually is more digestible than legume fiber. So, grass hay frequently is ranked lower than it should be using relative feed value.

Fortunately, researchers quickly became aware of this issue and developed another test that better measures digestible fiber, thus doing a better job of estimating forage quality of grasses. This test is called relative forage quality, or RFQ for short.

It’s also good to note that neither RFV nor RFQ are very useful in planning animal rations, they are best used to benchmark your production, comparing hay at market, and as a quick identification to allocate hay to different types of animals.

So, the next time your hay test comes back and the RFV seems a bit off, focus on RFQ instead.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C15

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UM students Lily McPherson, center, works with fellow students Cadence Medeiros and John Granath to age an animal harvested this fall.

Inset photo: Vices are used for checking teeth to determine the age of game that come through the hunter check stations.

Counting molars CONTINUED FROM PAGE C14

applicable, its number of antler points.

Aging the animals gets a bit more complicated. It involves slicing the animal’s cheek and using large vices to open the jaw to examine the teeth. For many hunters, this is a chance to learn more about the animal they’ve harvested. Wear equals age, they learn, as does the eruption of molars.

“As Mike likes to say, aging an animal is more an art than a science,” said wildlife biology sophomore Malakhi Spint.

“I think I’ve gotten better at it, but then like today we had an animal that had a deformed molar so it was more difficult.”

Talking with the hunters and seeing their interest in learning more about the animals they’ve harvested, and the general success of fellow hunters that day, has been a learning experience, Spint added.

“Some are pretty chatty and that’s nice,” he said. “This has been rewarding both as a student and as a fellow hunter myself.”

“Yeah, the unsuccessful hunters weren’t the happiest,” said McPherson of opening day. “But those who got an elk or deer were definitely down to chat.”

Interacting with the public is a key component of the job – one that students need to embrace to be successful.

“From my perspective, the most important thing for students is to see how we interact with the public and to see if they like that part of the job,” Ebinger said. “A lot of people get into wildlife because they don’t want to work with people but in the end, we are managing wildlife for people so you are a public servant and it is a people person job.”

A Father’s Feelings

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Deep inside there are some things Maybe my kids will never know I love and miss them, when they’re not around I just try not to let it show Sometimes, no phone calls or with not seeing them Looking at a picture or memories are just not enough I think the times like this come all too often You know when maybe I have to admit, I’m not all that tough The holidays and special occasions, when I’m not around Or the ones I say I forgot, I don’t think they know With them on my mind, it’s best I stay alone So feelings don’t show, no matter where I go I hope they don’t think ‘cause I’m not always around My feelings for them have grown cold I think part of the marriage vows were meant Just for kids, you know, the “To Have and To Hold” © ROBERT RIDGWAY (Vaughn, Montana)

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C17

Corn stalk quality after weathering

By Jerry Volesky, UNL Fall rain and snow are good for wheat and next year’s crops, but it does have its drawbacks. One challenge is its impact on corn stalk feed quality.

While this fall has been relatively dry, there has and will continue to be areas that receive some rain or snow events.

Rain reduces corn stalk quality several ways. Most easily noticed is how fast stalks can get soiled or trampled into the ground if the fields become muddy.

Less noticeable are nutritional changes. Rain or melting snow soaks into dry corn stalk residue and leaches out some of the soluble nutrients. Most serious is the loss of sugars and other energy-dense nutrients, which lowers the TDN or energy value of the stalks. These same nutrients also disappear if stalks begin to mold or rot in the field or especially in the bale. Then palatability and intake also decline.

Another factor that affects cornstalk grazing is wind.

Throughout the fall, there always seems to be those days where excessively high winds will easily blow corn leaves and husks off the field. This of course, can impact the amount of feed, and after grain, those leaves and husks contain the highest nutritional quality.

There is little you can do to prevent these losses. What you can do, though, is to closely monitor cow and field conditions while adjusting your supplementation program accordingly. Since weathering by rain reduces TDN more than it reduces protein, consider the energy value of your supplements as well as its protein content.

Weathered corn stalks still are economical feeds. Just supplement them accordingly. ##### My buddy got arrested on drug charges and because it was his first offense, he thought he would get off lightly, but it turned out his lawyer was one of the worst in the state and ended up botching his case, so instead of getting a short term, he ended up getting 40 years without parole!!

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1999 Ford 550 4x4 flatbed, V10 gas motor, automatic.. ..............................$10,000

1999 Ford F550 service truck, 6000 lb. crane, 7.3 automatic, lube system...... ..............................$22,500

2000 Ford F750 flatbed with 7500 lb. crane, Cummins, 6 speed.................$17,500

1999 International 4900 1310 flatbed, DT 530 engine, 9 speed, 88,000 miles.....................$18,000

1998 Ford F800 service truck, 5000 lb. crane, Cummins..............$19,000

2002 Freightliner drill truck, 5.7 8-speed, Red Tool Company drill, 3.9 Cummins, 719 hours....$20,000

1999 Ford F550 plow truck, 4WD, 7.3 automatic, with dump box..............$18,000

1992 Trail King 20-ton equipment trailer, 19-ft. deck, 5-ft. ramps... $10,000

1996 Ford F350, V8, automatic, 13-ft. flatbed, 5000 lb 1989 International 41-ft. bucket truck, diesel, autocrane, outriggers............................................... $8000 matic.............................................................. $10,000 1989 Ford F450 utility truck, 11-ft. bed, 460, automatic. 1981 International 1800 4x4 flatbed, 14,000 lb knuckle .......................................................................... $2500 boom.............................................................. $12,500 1999 Ford F550 diesel, automatic, flatbed with lift 2006 Ford F650 ladder truck, needs a generator....... $17,500 gate................................................................... $9000 12-ft. flatbed, 3200 lb. IMT crane, air compressor.........

1999 Ford F550 4x4 flatbed, V10, automatic... $10,000 .......................................................................... $5000 1985 Ford F600 service truck, diesel, 5+2 speed, 8000 Maintainer service crane, 6000 lb...................... $6000 lb Auto Crane, compressor.............................$11,000 (11) 20-ton 24-ft. tilt bed trailers........... $7500 - $12,500 1994 Ford F600 service truck, diesel, 5+2 speed, 1999 Haulin 31-ft. flatbed (expands to 34-ft.), telescop6200# IMT crane, compressor, hydraulic outriggers... ic hitch and air brakes. Good for round bales $10,000 ....................................................................... $12,500 12-ton 22-ft. tilt bed trailer.................................... $6500 1985 Ford F700 4x4 service truck, IMT 5000 lb crane, 16-ft. flatbed dump with hoist............................... $3500 underhood air compressor, outriggers........... $15,000 1-ton utility beds, starting at................................. $1000 1992 Ford F700 diesel, 8 speed, 13.5-ft. flatbed, 5000 2 ton dump boxes, each...................................... $1000 lb crane, outriggers........................................ $10,000 Buckets for skid steer loaders.................................Call 1986 Ford F800 National 228 37-ft. crane, 14-ft. dump Forklift forks.............................................................Call bed................................................................. $10,000 16” to 36” augers.................................... $750 to $1750 1979 GMC chip truck........................................... $6500 Check us out on the web!

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C18

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2022 John Deere H561 Retail: $245,000 Stock: 348842

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2009 New Holland P2050 Retail: $59,500 Stock: 349163

2022 Bourgault 333575/91300 Retail: $689,850 Stock: 332991

2019 Bourgault 3420/7950 Retail: $474,525 Stock: 330673

2023 John Deere D630 Retail: $83,857 Stock: 347402

2022 Mahindra Roxor Retail: $24,000 Stock: 347642

Haybuster 2564 Retail: $21,483 Stock: 339293

2007 Haybuster 2650 Retail: $14,568 Stock: 336675

2020 Haybuster 2660 Retail: $22,680 Stock: 347482

2012 Buhler BM4480 Retail: $27,735 Stock: 339169

2023 John Deere HD50F Retail: $153,417 Stock: 346600

2010 MacDon FD70-45 Retail: $48,150 Stock: 343842

2023 John Deere X9 1000 Retail: $736,147 Stock: 346578

2017 John Deere S680 Retail: $169,019 Stock: 343037

2023 John Deere S780 Retail: $575,028 Stock: 345600

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C19

2016 Bobcat T650 Retail: $44,520 Stock: 346742

2024 John Deere 1025R Retail: $23,052 Stock: 309595

2023 John Deere 2038R Retail: $34,887 Stock: 282873

2023 John Deere 3025E Retail: $26,904 Stock: 316321

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2024 John Deere 3046R Retail: $56,268 Stock: 344858

2023 John Deere 4052R Retail: $57,044 Stock: 311759

2023 John Deere 4066R Retail: $67,944 Stock: 328863

2024 John Deere 5067E Retail: $64,170 Stock: 321540

1999 Massey Ferguson 243 Retail: $8,924 Stock: 334344

2018 John Deere L341 Retail: $91,500 Stock: 341302

Degelman 12-46/57 Bulldozer Retail: $17,400 Stock: 342309

Allied 155120 Retail: $6,705 Stock: 336079

2010 Top Air TA1600 Retail: $16,350 Stock: 341900

2008 Vermeer R2300 Retail: $11,963 Stock: 343765

2013 Vermeer R2800 Retail: $29,093 Stock: 342291

2021 John Deere 560M Retail: $52,952 Stock: 345320

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2019 John Deere 560M Retail: $31,332 Stock: 346106

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C20

Thinking of backgrounding calves this fall?

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By Alfredo DiCostanzo, Nebraska Extension Educator Cattle prices have responded to lower cattle inventory.

If you are keeping up with cattle production news media, nearly every week, someone declares how much feeder calf prices have increased since last year. Sales of 500- to 600cwt feeder calves are getting close to $300/cwt. Expecting a gross revenue of $1,600 or more for feeder steer calves this fall is not out of the question. Yet, with increasing costs of maintaining a cow, some cow-calf producers may wonder: to increase revenue in 2023, is it worth it to retain calves for feeding during a backgrounding or stocker period?

At an annual cow cost of $1,250 per cow, weaning rate of 90% and scale weight of a steer calf at sale time of 550 lb, the actual breakeven cost would be $252.25/cwt. The margin for this example operation would be $47.50/cwt of steer calf sold. Considering the same scenario for feeder heifer calves, and assuming a sale price on heifers of 500 lb changes the margin from $47.50 to $22.22/cwt. Certainly, steer calves have a greater potential for profit at weaning than their female counterparts.

Considerations for backgrounding the 2023 spring-born calf crop should be based on potential for profit but must also include each operator’s individual production conditions and financial position. If a note is due before the end of 2023, cash may be short and the option to retain calves into 2024 dissipates quickly. If the operator’s financial position affords retaining calves into 2024, then one might consider retaining some or all calves weaned in 2023 to background and sell in 2024.

In addition to the financial position, each operator must make a mental review of their capacity to keep and feed calves during the winter. Although there is a potential to generate additional revenue from keeping calves through winter for sale in the spring, feeding and managing young cattle creates an additional burden on time and resources.

Although feed is the first requirement most of us think of, additional time required to feed and manage young calves, and whether calves have access to water and dry comfortable housing facilities must also figure in this decision. Retaining calves worth $1,600 to background during winter is a serious investment with real risks. Exposing young, weaned calves to challenges brought on by insufficient water access, poorly ventilated or uncomfortable loafing conditions, and feed mismanagement will lead to illness and death, and reduce any possibility of additional revenue.

Before making any additional considerations regarding backgrounding calves, attention must be paid by each operator to the financial cost of retaining calves beyond weaning.

Interest rates climbed to levels not observed for a long time.

Similarly, costs to operate a truck or tractor reached higher levels as fuel prices remain high.

Retaining a $1,600-calf to background should be treated as if one had the opportunity to invest this money in a financial operation whether operating capital is one’s own or borrowed. At 8.5% interest rates, carrying $1,600 on a loan for 6 months results in interest costs of $0.22/day. Similarly, running a tractor for 1 hour will likely result in consumption of 4 gallons of diesel or $16/hour with diesel at $4/gallon.

Adding labor, as a form of payment for the operator’s effort, adds another $22/hour. As a result, the expense to feed and care for weaned calves, we all lump in as yardage, costs at minimum $38/hour.

Nearly any activity we undertake while farming or ranching takes one hour or more to complete. Assuming there are 100 calves in a backgrounding group, one can expect to charge this operation $0.38/calf daily. When adding interest cost to this calculation, yardage increases to $0.60/ calf daily. One might add another $0.05 to $0.20/calf daily to this calculation to include facilities taxes, depreciation, and repair depending on the condition of the facility. These calculations result in yardage fees ranging between $0.65 and $0.80/calf daily.

Feed costs in 2023 and 2024 moderated some from the highs observed in late 2022 but are not what anyone would consider low. Therefore, we may expect to pay from $1.60 to $1.90 for feed per calf daily bringing the grand total daily expense between $2.25 and $2.70 to carry a calf during backgrounding in 2023 and 2024.

Using CME futures and basis projections to determine prices for 550-lb steer and 500-lb heifer calves in November of 2023 and 850-lb steers and 750-lb heifers in March of 2024 resulted in gross revenue margins of approximately $400 per calf regardless of sex or weight. This means that CONTINUED ON PAGE C21

Thinking of backgrounding CONTINUED FROM PAGE C20

an operator wishing to retain feeder calves in 2023 for sale as yearlings in 2024 is working against breakeven costs of gain (maximum amount of money an operator can spend to break even with costs of raising a calf) of $130/cwt and $160/cwt, respectively, for steers and heifers. Heifers have a greater gross margin because they are undervalued as lightweight feeders.

Thus, operators considering backgrounding calves this fall may take a serious look at marketing their steer calf crop and retaining feeder heifers for sale in 2024 as yearlings. Yet, as indicated above, perhaps the first consideration before these decisions are made is to take a hard look at the financial costs and the operator’s capacity to devote sufficient time and attention to background calves during winter.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C21

EXCELLENT LINEUP OF HAY EQUIPMENT!

2013 Massey Ferguson 9770 swather with 9196 Twin Max header. 1860 hours on machine, 1343 hours on header. Great condition and ready to work!....... $105,000 2013 Massey Ferguson 2170 3x4 large square baler. 45,000 bales, has Gazeeka moisture meter, steamer hard wear kit. Great condition and ready to work!.$60,000 2017 Staheli West 6210 Hay Steamer. 1100 hours on generator, brand new tires, well taken care of and ready to make hay!................................................ $170,000 2021 Circle C Golden Eagle hay rake, 18 wheel, 30-ft. working width. Great conditon and ready to work!................................................................................. $35,000 All equipment is located in Fairfield, MT Call or text Ryan at 406-579-0063

Build spots for spring 2024 Spyders are being booked!

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Mac McCauley braces a ewe for Landon Connors to practice his sheep judging skills on while Brent Roeder, MSU Extension sheep and goat specialist coaches. 4-Hers spent November 10 practicing sheep, goat, wool, and cattle judging. Photo by Kari Lewis.

US Dealer for K-Hart Direct Seeding Disc Drills Dave and Brock Linker • 6960 North Coffee Creek Rd, Coffee Creek, MT 59424 Office phone: 406-567-2632 • Cell: 406-350-2266 or 406-350-2886

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2008 Bale King Vortex 3000 New Drum, 80% on Tires, Square bale kit................................ $10,000 2014 Danuser SM40 Post driver $6900

2024 Massey Ferguson WR197 Header, rotary disc, steel conditioner

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2006 Gehl 6640 3341 hours, hydraulic high flow, quick attach, 2200 lb tipping load, 2 speed... $26,000

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C22

We’d appreciate it if you tell an advertiser you read his ad in the Trader’s Dispatch.

2017 PICKUP FOR SALE

2017 Chevy Silverado 3500 HD 4WD pickup with flatbed, headache rack, and Rancher grill guard, Vortec 6.0L V8 with engine block heater, 6-speed automatic, heavy duty, 162 Inch wheel base, 83.58 inches from cab to axle, power steering, dual rear tires, 37,477 miles, VIN# 1GB3KYCG1HF156088.................................................................. Bidding starts at $38,500 Fergus County has the right to refuse any and all bids.

Fergus County invites the submission of sealed bids for the sale of a 2017 Chevy Silverado 3500 HD pickup with flatbed/headache rack and grill guard. Sealed bids must be postmarked or received by the Fergus County Commissioners office no later than 5:00 on Friday, December 22nd, 2023.

Please state “2017 Pickup” on the outside of the sealed bid. Bids will be opened at the Fergus County Commissioners business meeting on Wednesday, December 27th, 2023.

For Questions, please contact the Fergus County Weed District at (406) 535-3970.

Please mail sealed bids to: FERGUS COUNTY COMMISSIONERS, 712 W MAIN ST, SUITE 210, LEWISTOWN MT 59457

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View our entire inventory with pictures at www.reddigequipment.com CRAWLERS

2006 Komatsu D61 PX-15, 6-way blade, 5888 hours...$60,000 Deere 850K.............................................................. $114,500

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2008 Deere 310SJ, 40% tires, smooth bucket on backhoe, front 4x1 bucket, extend-a-hoe, pilot controls on backhoe, powershift transmission, cab with heat/AC, 4x4. 5500 hours..................................................................... $53,900 Deere 310SG...................................................Call For Price

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Cat 320B LL log loader. For parts.................................... Call Deere 690E log loader............................................ For parts Timberjack 2520 feller/buncher, parts machine.............. Call Towtem clam bucket.................................................. $31,500 Several slide booms for parts available

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Cat 320CLU thumb, coupler, 14,000 hours................ $69,900 Cat 312D..........................................................Call For Price 2015 Cat 312E hyd wedge coupler, 50% undercarriage, clean, tight. 15,500 hours...................................................... Call 2013 Cat 305E, 4700 hours, cab, air, heat, front blade, hyd thumb, auxiliary hyds, 2 speed, clean........................ Call 1989 Cat EL 200B............................................................ Call 2004 Deere 200CLC, pin grabber Q/C, progressive link thumb.

12,000 hours.......... $49,500 before going thru the shop Deere 130G......................................................Call For Price Deere 120C......................................................Call For Price Deere 50D enclosed cab..................................Call For Price 2012 Hitachi ZX120-3, wedge coupler, progressive link thumb, 36” bucket, backup camera, average undercarriage, 6007 hours. Good looking mid-model machine................... Call 2017 Bobcat E85 compact excavator.............................. Call 2015 Cat 303.5E mini excavator, open ROPS, front blade, hydraulic thumb to be installed, auxiliary hydraulics, pin grabber coupler, 3600 hours....................................... Call Komatsu PC88MR-10.....................................Call For Price

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Vermeer S925TX,400 hours, comes with 7 attachments........ .............................................................................. $39,900

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Solving the mysteries behind the world’s most widespread zoonotic disease

By Todd Silver, ARS Office of Communications Leptospirosis is a serious zoonotic disease that affects both animals and humans. This bacterial disease is commonly spread through the urine of infected animals and rodents, including wildlife and livestock such as cattle and swine. Humans can contract leptospirosis by having contact with water (such as by swimming, rafting, or kayaking) or soil that has been contaminated by urine or body fluids of infected animals.

Although this disease if often spread through urine, transmission can also occur in the genital tract of domestic animals.

Humans who contract leptospirosis may suffer from a range of symptoms, from a mild fever to massive pulmonary hemorrhage. For livestock, the disease can result in poor milk yield, reproductive failure, and in some cases, severe acute disease, especially for dairy and beef herds.

“Leptospirosis is caused by a very unusual and unique bacteria,” said Jarlath Nally, research microbiologist at the National Animal Disease Center (NADC) in Ames, IA. “Very few people work on it, the diagnostics are limited, and research is challenging because the bacteria that causes the disease are very difficult to grow in the lab.”

Leptospirosis is not a new disease; it was first described in 1886. Globally, the disease kills over 50,000 people a year and infects over one million. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention described it as the most widespread zoonotic disease geographically.

Human infections can be treated with antibiotics, but the condition is considered rare in humans and can be difficult to diagnose. Vaccines have been developed for livestock, including dairy and beef herds. However, the vaccine protects only against specific variants of Leptospira, the bacteria that causes leptospirosis, and protection dwindles after one year.

There are more than 38 species and hundreds of serovars of pathogenic Leptospira.

“It gets complicated because there are so many variants of this disease” said Nally. “And the vaccines being used today are based on variants isolated over 30 years ago.”

Detection is also a problem. Infected animals often appear asymptomatic. Stakeholders may not be aware that their herd is infected until they notice an increase in abortions or reproductive failures. Further complicating matters are the diagnostic tests, which are not always accurate.

“We’ve done a lot of work to improve diagnostics,” said Nally, “but there are limitations, and stakeholders need to be aware of that.”

Nally and his research partners are looking to improve diagnostics, testing, and current vaccine strategies to provide cross protection against multiple variants of Leptospira.

To date, they have generated a large repository of isolates of Leptospira from a range of domestic (cows, bulls, horses, and dogs), wildlife (rats, mice, mongoose, red panda), and environmental sources (soil, water), including new species and serovars detected for the first time in the U.S. They also created a new growth media that allows researchers to isolate the Leptospira bacteria directly from infected animal tissue at 37 degrees Celsius. This is an improvement over the old methods where Leptospira were previously restricted to isolation at 28-30 degrees Celsius.

“That’s a temperature more in line with standard laboratory processes,” Nally said. “But more importantly, it’s an environmental condition that’s more similar to the host.”

Researchers have also been able to genetically manipulate the bacteria, allowing them for the first time to identify, target, and silence certain genes.

“Not only silence a single gene, but we can actually silence two genes at the same time,” said Nally. “We were able to apply our technology to silence two similar genes to actually identify a virulence factor, rendering the bacteria completely attenuated, which provides new avenues to generate vaccines and apply it to different variants.”

Next steps for Nally and his research team are to map complete genotypes, complete serotypes, and identify virulence factors that facilitate the disease process. At the same time, they want to identify which variants are circulating in domestic and wildlife animal populations in the U.S. “We are also interested in understanding how the disease occurs,” he said. “We are looking to understand why these bacteria are colonizing in the genital tract and why they’re associated with reproductive failure versus strains that are associated with more severe acute disease. To understand the ‘how’ will help us develop vaccines that will cross protect against all the variants that are out there.”

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C23

We Buy, Sell, and Rent Equipment, Trucks, and Trailers Call us: 406-546-1743 Simms, MT

www.northstarequipment.biz John Myers 406-546-1743

2014 Peterbilt 579 daycab, Cummins ISX 500 hp, 10 speed, 980K miles, Herd aluminum bumper.

Nice little truck.................$37,500

1995 Ford L9000 S/A water truck, 2000 gallons, front, side and rear spray heads, Cat engine, 7 speed manual......$19,500

1979 Cat 627B twin engine scraper.............................$39,500 2015 Kubota RTX900 diesel, 12,000 hours.......................$4000

2005 John Deere 750J LT 6 way blade, rippers, 9000 hours............ ........................................$89,500

2016 Ford F-350 Lariat, crew cab, 6.7L diesel, heated and cooled seats, 5th wheel, aftermarket wheels and tires, deleted, 107,000 miles. Previous salvage title...................................$30,000

1976 Cat 627B twin engine scraper, cushion hitch......$34,000 2003 Kenworth T800 Cat C15 6NZ, 550 hp, 13 speed, wet kit.

850,000 miles, recent engine work.................................$47,500

1998 Kenworth T600, Cat 3406E, 13 speed, air ride, 3:55s 870K miles.......................$30,000

1985 Kenworth W900 Cat 3406, 13 speed, air ride, wet kit.............. ........................................$21,500

1985 Western hay train, 40-ft.

T/A lead with 24-ft. 2 axle pup, spring ride, hayracks sold as a set....................................$15,000

2001 Manac 53-ft. quad axle flatbed, steel frame aluminum deck, lift asle.............................$25,000

2005 Western 53-ft. Commodity Express Belt trailer, quad axle, front and rear axle lift, roll tarp...... ........................................$59,500

1999 Fontaine 48-ft. stepdeck, all steel, air ride, spread axle..$16,000

2012 Trailking 55-ton lowboy, 26-ft. well, self contained, lift axle, fenders.............................$75,000

2003 Sterling water truck, Cat 3126, automatic, 20,000 fronts, 46,000 rears, 4000 gallon tank.

1989 White/GMC water truck, Cummins, automatic 4000 gallon tank, spraybars, hose reel............ ........................................$25,000

2013 Skytrack 8042 telehandler, 2700 hours, OROPS, 4 wheel steer.................................$49,500

2005 Komatsu WA200 PT wheel loader, hydraulic coupler, 3rd valve, 17,000 hours. Runs and works great......................$45,000

2008 John Deere 850J WLT 6 way blade, 6700 hours, rippers.

Very clean, pre-emission dozer.... ......................................$125,000

1992 Kenworth T800 water truck, 4000 gallon tank, front and rear spray bars................$32,500

2014 Genie 5519 telehandler, 2500 hours, OROPS, 4 wheel steer.................................$44,500

1986 Ford single axle dump truck with sowplow, Cat 3208 engine, 145K miles, runs good but plow will need repair...................$7500

2007 Gradall 534-9 9000 telehandler, John Deere engine, OROPS, 6000 hours. In good condition.... Buy or Rent $45,000

2015 Cat 982M loader, lots of recent workorders.............$250,000

2016 Cat 299D 2 speed, 2500 hours................................$65,000

1987 Case 580K backhoe, 2WD, enclosed cab, 5700 hours, new back tires, standard hoe, hay spears, bucket needs repairs....... ........................................$12,500

2018 Deere 844Kiii 13,000 hours, 7 yard bucket, recent work orders................... Call For Price

2015 Cat 140M3 AWD grader, rippers, pushblock, 17.5 rubber.... ......................................$199,500

2009 John Deere 350D excavator, 10,000 hours, manual coupler, multiple bucket options, hydraulic thumb, 13-ft. stick. recent work orders......................$82,500

2005 Volvo EC290 excavtor, 9000 hours, manual coupler, multiple buckets available, 13-ft. stick.................................$44,500

2014 Komatsu PC490-10 excavator, 12,000 hours, manual coupler, 13-ft. stick................$75,000

1995 Featherlite 20-ft. steel stock trailer, 1 cut gate........$6000

2001 Utility 36-ft. T/A flatbed, air ride, plumbed for a pup, very clean. Would make a good hay pup too...............................$9500

2001 Ingersoll-Rand SD122 84” padfoot roller, enclosed cab.......... ........................................$45,000

FOR RENT 2011 Transcraft 53-ft. combo stepdeck, sliding rear axle, aluminum deck, tool boxes, new king pin plate...........................$30,000

(5) 2006 Silver Eagle converter dollies........................ $2500 each

2011 SiDumpR sidedump, 3 axle, electric tarp.......Rental Unit

2014 John Deere 7290R MFWD tractor, 7300 hours, 290 hp........... ......................................$129,500

Call for pricing and availability

CM 8-ft. flatbed with toolboxes, fits single wheel pickups.....$1500 2000 Trail King 40-ton tri-axle lowboy, mechanical neck, 24-ft. well, 102” wide, air ride... $29,500

2001 Knight 65 ton stretch lowboy, 25-38-ft., additional 6-ft. deck section available...............................................................................$89,500

2000 Load King tri-axle, Super B, lead trailer, air ride, 32-ft. deck, 102” wide. Works great for hauling hay with a 40-48-ft back trailer... $12,500

2010 Kobelco SK140 excavator, zero tail swing, auxiliary hydraulic, 4800 hours, extensive work orders..............................$50,000

30-ft. draper header for Agco swather, like new................$6000

Delta S3 24-ft. carted harrows.

2021 Aspen 65 ton hydraulic lowboy, 26-ft. well, self shimming booster.......................... $285,000

1998 Great Dane 48-ft. flatbed, spread axle.........................$7500

2017 Komatsu D155AXi-8 dozer, 7000 hours, recent engine, GPS Intelligent machine with Integrated GPS, Semi-U blade, rippers... Buy or Rent... $299,500

2007 Kubota RTV900 4x4, diesel, 3500 hours...................$7500

Lincoln 10000 amp engine driven welder, as new, 16 hours with leads...................................$4500

2021 Sany U35 mini excavator, cab, multiple buckets, hydraulic thumb............................ Rent Me!

2016 McCloskey 36”x80-ft. radial gravel stacker, electric drive, scales...................... Rental Unit!

2014 New Holland 340S 3x4 baler, Intelliview 3 monitor, folding roller chute, 25,000 bales....... ........................................$52,500

(4) Grader Snow wings (Cat & JD)..................... Call For Pricing

25-ft. x 102” bale bed..........$2500

Meyer V snow plow............$2500

1996 Hypac 84” smooth drum roller.................................$30,000

CHECK OUR WEBSITE FOR MORE INFO

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C24

JD TRACTOR BUCKET FOR SALE 8-ft......$2000 Phone (406) 323-8006

1969 Galion T500 Grader 14-ft. blade, 4-71 Detroit, Clark powershift trans., full hydraulic, side shift, ps., scarfiers, 50% 14-00x24 tires, runs and works good............................$12,500 2001 Ford Excursion XLT 5.4L V8, at, Dual AC, ps, pb, pw, pl, seats 9, 3rd seat, 4” lift, 90% BFG 315/75r16 all terrain’s, 3.73 gear ratio, dana 60 front, this is a factory 4x2, Gray cloth interior, Gun Metal Grey exterior, Warn bumper....$7900 1985 Peterbilt 349 10 yd dump NTC-300 BC Cummins, 13spd, Jake, cold AC, PS, 15-ft. box w/high lift gate, new 11r24.5’s on aluminum, 90% brakes, Hendrickson suspension, Corvette dash, very clean original dump, 580K miles........$37,500 2000 Ford F650 5-yard Dump 26K GVW, 210 hp 3126 Cat diesel, Allison AT. PS, AB, 90% 22.5 tires, 10-ft. dump, air and electric trailer hookups, under CDL.............................$26,500 1991 Autocar 12-yard Dump 425 hp Cat 3406B, 18 spd., Jake, lift axle, full lockers, 15.5ft. box, 60% 11R24.5’s, 700K miles, pintle hitch, air gate, runs and drives great...$41,500 1998 Gehl DL6h40 Telehandler 4x4, 7,000 lb lift capacity, 40ft. lift height, enclosed cab w/ heat, 3 way steering, 5200 hrs, 4.5 John Deere diesel, 80% 13.00x24 tires, 60” forks, runs and works great...........$42,500 1998 Freightliner FL70 4x4 lube service truck, 126K miles, 26K GVW, Reman 275hp 3126 Cat diesel, MD3060 Allison AT, AC, PS, AB, cruise, 14’ enclosed body, 4 product tanks, hydraulic compressor, workbench, air greaser, 6 hose reels, 90% brakes, runs and drive great...................$39,500 1997 Ford F800 Water Truck Reman 210 hp 5.9 Cummins, 6 spd., AB, AC, PS, 26K gvw, 2000 gallon tank, PTO pump, front, side and rear spray, 75% 22.5’s on aluminum wheels...... ....................................$29,500 1997 Gradall 534C-10 Telehandler 4x4, 40’ lift height, 4BT Cummins, 7100 hrs, outriggers, 10K capacity, 60% 14.00x24 tires, runs and works great....... ....................................$39,500 1980 International Service Truck 210 hp DT466, 5&2 spd., AB, PS, IMT 425AT knuckle boom with remote, hydraulic outriggers, 13 hp Curtis 25CFM compressor, 70% 11r22.5 tires, 12-ft. service body.......$19,500 1998 Caterpillar TH103 Telehandler 10,000 lb capacity, 44-ft lift height, outriggers, 4x4, 3 way steering, 48” forks, 75% 14.00x24 tires, 9100 hrs, runs and works excellent.....$41,500 2001 Chevrolet C6500 210 hp 3126 Cat diesel, 6 spd manual AC, PS, PB, 95K miles, 90% 245/75-19.5 tires, 15-ft. flatbed, PTO hydraulic winch, 26K GVW....................$17,500

J&T Equipment Sales, Stevensville, MT

406-381-3159 – www.jandtequipmentsales.com

Todd Lackman, middle, winner of the Montna Farm Bureau Young Farmers & Ranchers Discussion Meet and his new Polaris Ranger with JD Burton and Skip Heimbicher of Basecamp, Billings, Montana.

YF&R Discussion Meet winners Todd Lackman, a young farmer and agricultural education teacher from Miles City, topped three other competitors to win the Montana Farm Bureau Young Farmer and Rancher Discussion Meet. He received the keys to a Polaris Ranger® and will be eligible to compete in the national competition which will be held during the American Farm Bureau Convention in January in Salt Lake City.

The three other contestants were Gwynn Simeniuk from Glasgow, Nick Courville from Charlo and Jeremiah Peterson from Bozeman. The Final Four competition of the Discussion Meet was held November 9 during the 104th Montana Farm Bureau Annual Convention at the Northern and DoubleTree Hotels in downtown Billings.

The Discussion Meet, which is open to Farm Bureau members ages 18-35, is meant to simulate a committee meeting with ideas discussed and solutions developed. The question for the final round: Agriculture uses water for everything from growing crops, raising livestock and moving products to and from farms and ranches. Water issues are often hotly debated, are unique to each region and can pose significant challenges to growers. How can Farm Bureau help address water management challenges and seek long term solutions for farmers and ranchers?

Lackman graduated with a degree in agricultural education and has been teaching at Miles City High School for the past three years.

The ag teacher said he decided to participate in this year’s YF&R Discussion Meet because of his involvement at MSU in Collegiate Discussion Meet.

“I really enjoyed the competition,” said Lackman. “It’s a great avenue for discussing agricultural topics and conversing with

people across the state. I wanted to do it again at the YF&R level. I look forward to representing Montana at the national competition in Salt Lake City. Of course, the Polaris Ranger was a great incentive to participate. I know we all appreciate Polaris being so generous to the Montana Farm Bureau Young Farmers and Ranchers program.”

Lackman, a fourth-generation farmer, added that the Polaris Ranger will be right at home on the family farm in Hysham where they raise sugar beets, barley, corn, canola and alfalfa seed.

Matthew Slivka, a student at Montana State University, won the Collegiate Discussion Meet which was held November 10 during the MFBF Convention. The three other contestants in the Final Four were Blayne Hubing, Miles Community College, Kylee Lewis, Miles Community College and Cody Johannes, Montana State University. Slivka receives an all-expense-paid trip to compete during the American Farm Bureau Young Farmers & Rancher Leadership Conference in March in Omaha, NE. Thanks to these Polaris dealers for supporting the MFBF Young Farmers and Ranchers: Basecamp Billings, Billings; Basecamp Gallatin, Bozeman; Helena Cycle Center, Helena; Beaverhead Motorsports, Dillon; Riverside Marine & Cycle, Miles City; Redline Sports, Inc, Butte; Lewistown Honda & Polaris, Lewistown; Sports City Cyclery, Great Falls, Russell Motorsports, Missoula, Kurt’s Polaris, Seeley Lake and Bliss Cycle, Conrad. Stop by these dealerships to say thank you for supporting the Montana Farm Bureau Young Farmers & Ranchers.

Find out more about MFBF at www.mfbf. org or follow on Facebook and Instagram @mtfarmbureau.

Barbed Wire Museum Location: La Crosse, Kansas Background: Sure, barbed wire is an important part of American history. It provided an inexpensive way for “sodbusters” to keep cattle off their land, effectively ending the open range. But wire’s wire, right? Apparently not. This museum holds 18-inch segments of more than 1,000 different types of barbed wire, lining its walls from floor to ceiling. Don’t miss the real bird’s nest made almost completely from bits of barbed wire (it weights 72 pounds) and a piece of barbed wire from the top of the Berlin Wall.

Ugly Christmas Sweater Day

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C25

hydraulics, 4 & 1 front bucket, Cummins diesel, Auto 2008 John Deere 410J 4x4 backhoe loader, extend- Glendive, MT • www.badlandtrucksales.com Shift, Air/Heat, clean one owner (grapple forks avail2003 Case 521D frontend loader, auxillary 3rd valve

a-hoe, general purpose front bucket with quick attach, full cab, Air/Heat, very nice clean one owner exmunicipal machine. 5,500 hours........................... Call

Celebrated on: December 18th Lurking in the murky depths of many people’s wardrobes is a colorful, brash and (in most cases) highly embarrassing novelty Christmas jumper which, were it not for Ugly Christmas Sweater Day, would probably never see the light of day.

History of Ugly Christmas Sweater Day Launched in 2011, this annual celebration, which is growing in popularity every year among adults and children, is not simply an excuse to parade humiliatingly-unfashionable seasonal knitwear featuring Rudolph, Christmas puddings and Frosty the Snowman; it is a light-hearted and enjoyable fundraising event with a serious aim in aid of Save the Children.

How to celebrate Ugly Christmas Sweater Day If you want to celebrate Ugly Christmas Sweater Day, dig into your wardrobe, and organize a day among your friends and co-workers to assault the eyes of everyone around you with the garish and uncomfortable designs of your Christmas Sweater.

One thing you can do is organize an ‘Ugly Sweater’ auction, where everyone brings their worst sweaters, and people bid to have them take them off. Anything to stop the assault on their eyes.

As the ultimate finale to this event, you can take all the sweaters that have been auctioned ‘off’ their wearers, and burn them in effigy to these awful emblems of the holidays. The proceeds obviously go to a worthy charity.

Alternately, we have to admit that there is something to the ‘ugly sweater chic’, and if you happen to know a group of people with the skills to produce a sweater, you can organize an actual auction. Have people bring their own holiday designs and auction them off in a silent auction, and donate the proceeds to a charity of your choice. ##### Q: What beverage company has been using Santa Claus in its advertising since 1931?

A: Coca-Cola

able)...................................................................... Call

Serving the Montana, Dakota and Wyoming regions, and beyond, with an extensive selection of reliable used trucks and equipment since 1998!

2007 Ingersoll Rand P185 towable air compressor, John Deere diesel, hose reel & hose, only 44 original hours, absolutely like new condition..................... Call

2002 Komatsu WA250 front end wheel loader, general purpose bucket with grapple fork, 5.9 Cummins diesel, Auto Shift transmission, one owner, 5,100 total hours..................................................................... Call

1992 Cat IT28B frontend wheel loader, IT quick attach, auxillary 3rd & 4th valve hydraulics, full cab, new tires, 7200 original hours, very nice clean original one owner ex-municipal............................................... Call

1992 Genie S60 boomlift, Deutz diesel, 60-ft. reach, AC hydraulic generator, only 1500 original hours, very nice clean older ex utility company machine........ Call

2001 Case 621C frontend wheel loader, auxillary 3rd valve hydraulics, 4 & 1 front bucket, Air/Heat, one owner, tight, 6700 hours, (grapple forks available)...... ............................................................................. Call

2007 Mack MR688P single axle truck tractor,12.0 liter Mack diesel, Allison automatic, air ride suspension, 5th wheel, rust free ex government truck with only 12,000 miles......................................................... Call

1997 Freightliner FL70 single axle truck tractor, 8.3 Cummins diesel (mechanical), 9 speed manual transmission, air ride suspension, rear pintle hitch, large dual fuel tanks, aluminum wheels, upgraded interior package, only 17,000 miles, beautiful rust free west coast truck that has it all....................................... Call

2017 Doosan/Ingersoll Rand P425 air compressor dual pressure, 425 PSI, Cummins diesel, 2200 hours. ............................................................................. Call

2009 Ford F750 4x4 cab and chassis with enclosed utility body, pre-emissions Cat C7 diesel, 6 speed manual transmission, locking rear differential, only 3,500 actual miles, absolutely like new perfect condition . ..................................................................... Call

2001 Multi Quip 60kw generator, John Deere diesel, multi-switch, multi-voltage, 120/240/480 volt, 1-3 1995 International 8100 single axle truck tractor, Cat phase, 2000 hours................................................ Call 3176 diesel, 4560 Allison automatic, 5th wheel, clean rust free, automatic tractor.................................... Call

2012 International Prostar truck tractor, 475 hp, diesel, 13 speed transmission, air ride suspension, locking rear ends, all new tires, 413,000 miles..... Call

2002 Case 960 trencher, front backhoe, 6-way blade, 84” boom with 90 percent rock tooth chain, 3.9 Cummins diesel, only 1100 total hours, very clean,(cable plow available)...................................................... Call 2011 Case SR200 skidsteer, auxilliary hydraulics, quick attach, only 450 total original hours, ex-utility company machine, extra clean............................. Call

2002 International 2674 roll off truck, 14-ft. dump box with high lift gate, flatbed dump, complete roll off system, front dual direction snow plow, M11 Cummins, 13 speed, no rust, clean, truck has it all, endless uses!............. Call 2012 Snorkel A46JRT articulated boomlift, 46-ft. reach, 550 lb. capacity, Kubota diesel, hydraulic generator, 4x4, only 426 hours, clean........Call

2011 Ford F550 crewcab, 4x4 flatbed/service truck, V10 gas, automatic, 12-ft. bed, lumber rack, tool boxes, very clean Southern California truck......... Call

2004 GMC service truck, 3000 lb. auto crane, PTO driven, high volume air compressor, full service body, Cat diesel, Allison automatic, under CDL, 106,000 miles............. Call

1989 Fruehauf 40-ft. stepdeck trailer, air ride suspension, steel composition, closed tandem, no rust clean ............................................................................. Call

1994 John Deere 624G wheel loader, auxillary 3rd 2003 John Deere 444H frontend wheel loader, auxilvalve hydraulics, 4 & 1 multi purpose bucket, Air/Heat, lary 3rd valve hydraulics, 2.5 yard GP bucket, full cab, 4900 original hours, nice machine........................ Call Air/Heat, Auto Shift transmission, 3500 original hours, clean..................................................................... Call

2005 Zieman 2374 SPL tilt bed equipment trailer, 45,000 lb. GVWR, 24-ft. long, 102” wide, 17.5 tires, air brakes, no rust, ex-municipal, clean................ Call

2011 International bucket/chip dump truck, Altec LRV58 boom, 63-ft. reach, cab guard, diesel, 6 speed, 93,000 miles, complete......................................... Call

2001 Champion 720A VI motor grader, front scari1995 Case 721B frontend wheel loader, quick attach, fier, 8.3 Cummins diesel, Powershift transmission, Cat auxillary 3rd valve hydraulics, 3-yard general purpose controls, clean, one owner, 6400 hours................ Call bucket, 8.3 Cummins diesel, very nice clean, tight ex-municipal machine with 6500 hours (grapple forks available).............................................................. Call

1989 Ford FT900 tandem axle dump truck, 7.8 diesel, 653 Allison automatic, rear pintle hitch, straight, rust free, affordable, automatic dump truck................. Call 1997 Multi Quip Whisper Watt 100kw generator, John Deere diesel, multi-switch, multi-voltage, 120/240/480volt, 1-3 phase, low hours................. Call

1994 Ford F450 flatbed truck, 7.3 turbo diesel, automatic, 14-ft. flatbed, removable stake racks, rear lift gate, very nice clean west coast truck with 90,000 miles............ Call

2000 Freightliner Fl80 cab & chassis, 275 hp., Cat diesel, Allison automatic, heavy specs, long frame, only 12,000 actual miles, pristine condition, perfect feed truck chassis................................................. Call

2006 Sterling 9500 truck tractor, Cat C15 (factory 550 hpr), 18 speed transmission, hydraulic wet kit, air ride suspension, heavy specs, 445,000 miles . .......... Call 1996 Ford F800 flatbed dump truck, 5.9 Cummins diesel, automatic, 16-ft. dump body, air brakes, receiver hitch, perfect feed truck chassis, will separate.......... Call 2012 Ram 5500 bucket truck, 4x4, 6.7 Cummins diesel, automatic, high ranger articulated/telescopic boom, full service body, AC inverter, complete ex municipal truck with 144,000 miles............................ Call

1982 Fruehauf 5th wheel single axle belly dump trailer, 12 yard capacity, 20-ft. long, air gates, complete affordable trailer.................................................... Call

2006 International 7400 dump truck, DT570 diesel, 285 hp, (not a Max Force), 10 speed manual, 11-ft. dump body, pintle hitch......................................... Call 2012 Ford F550 super cab, 4x4, service/utility truck, 6.7L diesel Power Stroke diesel, automatic, 9-ft. service body, hydraulic wet kit, very nice................... Call

2000 Keifer IRH 300 carousel/ pipe spool trailer, selfloading, elect over hydraulic, 7000 lb. GVWR............ Call

1993 Chevy C7500 boom truck, 4x4, Cat diesel, 8LL manual transmission, Manitex 956 boom, 18,000lb. capacity, 3 stage boom with 4th stage jib, manbasket, flatbed, exta clean municipal truck, complete..........Call

1986 Peterbilt tandem axle dump truck, 855 Cummins diesel, 13 speed, manual transmission, 15-ft. dump body, air tailgate, one owner,ex municipal truck ............................................................................. Call

1997 International 2674 single axle truck tractor, N14 Cummins diesel, 13 speed, transmission, locking rear differential, spring suspension, west coast clean, rust free with 158,000 miles......................................... Call

1986 Case W14B front end wheel loader, auxillary 3rd valve hydraulics, GP bucket, rear mounted quick attach removable backhoe, cab, heat, ex government machine with only 1100 total hours, tight leak free machine.................................... Call

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C26

YEAR END SALE 10% off all skid steer attachments

• Post Drivers • Bale Grapples • Brush Grapples • Bale Spears • Extendable Truss Booms • Rotary Tillers • Tree Pullers • Auger Drives • Buckets • Forks

Orders must be placed by December 30, 2023

Please call Bull Mountain Fence at (406) 323-8006 in Roundup, MT

POST POUNDER FOR SALE

Shaver HD-12 pull-type post pounder with 13 hp Honda engine. Stored inside. Good condition.

Phone (406) 450-3647

Balewagons & Retrievers

Drought-stressed corn: A feed opportunity

By Brad Schick, Former Nebraska Extension Educator; Mary Drewnoski, Nebraska Extension Beef Systems Specialist; Jenny Rees, Nebraska Extension Educator; Ben Beckman, Nebraska Extension Educator

Some areas of Nebraska are experiencing drought and lack of water for irrigation.

Depending on the field situation and the availability of silage cutters and transportation logistics, harvesting corn and taking the crop insurance may be the most viable option, especially when most plants have at least partial ears. The following resource may be helpful when considering corn for grain or silage. When choosing to harvest for grain, we’ve received questions about grazing the remaining drought stressed corn residue after harvest. Focus on using the leaf, husk and any ear; when cattle start in on the stalk it is time to move. Data on corn grain shows that as little as 2 lb/head/ day can reduce nitrate risk. Cattle will select grain first so likely have high energy intake to help offset nitrate risk at first; however, the energy intake will decline as they start grazing the less palatable material. The grain will help offset nitrates initially but be less useful later in grazing (unless doing allocation).

When harvesting drought-stressed corn to feed, consider: Insurance. First, before any actions are taken, file a claim and discuss the options with your crop insurance agent on what is permitted, as well as what strips need to be left.

Chemical labels. Another important item is to check the labels of any chemicals applied to the corn and look for any grazing, haying, or pre-harvesting restrictions if it is to be used for livestock feed. The “Forage, Feed, and Grazing Restrictions for Row Crop Herbicides” portion of the Guide for Weed, Insect, Disease Management for Nebraska provides some guidance from labels on pages 212-216.

Nitrate poisoning potential. Drought conditions can prevent normal plant growth, thereby higher levels of nitrates can accumulate in the cornstalk. Nitrates outcompete oxygen in an animal’s hemoglobin and can cause suffocation or even lead to death. Livestock do convert nitrate to other nitrogen compounds in the rumen, but it is the amount consumed and time it took to consume the forage that become the issue.

If deciding what method to create feed, remember that typical dry haying does not reduce the nitrate level. However, silage — or any ensiling process, such as baleage — can reduce the level of nitrates 20-50%.

The lower portion of the plant contains the highest concentration of nitrates. Do NOT harvest for at least three days following rain that “breaks” drought conditions. The rain causes an uptake of nitrogen from the soil, which is translocated into the plant. After three days, the nitrogen will have been converted to plant protein and is no longer in dangerous form. When feeding forages with higher nitrates, be sure to dilute with other feeds to reach safe feeding levels.

Levels of safety are included from the table below from NebGuide G1779 Nitrates in Livestock Feeding.

Testing for Nitrates. The cost for nitrate testing is generally very inexpensive and worth the cost. Take multiple samples from various portions of the field to see if there are areas of the field where nitrates are higher. When sampling, mix the grabsamples and sub-sample an amount to fill a plastic bag that can be sealed at the top.

Compress the air out of the bag and seal.

Samples should be frozen between days or whenever kept in storage. For more information, please see NebGuide G1779.

Late Model New Holland 1069 gas balewagon.................$47,000

Late Model New Holland 1069 gas balewagon.................$47,000 2006 New Holland 1037 balewagon, sharp.......................$35,000 6-New Holland 1037 balewagons, rebuilt........................................ ..................................................................... $26,500 to $42,000 New Holland 1033 REBUILT, like new...............................$17,500 New Holland 1032 pull type, REBUILT...............................$17,500 New Holland 1052 retriever mounted on 2006 Peterbilt....$45,000 New Holland 1051 three wide retriever mounted on 1978 Chevrolet C65 truck........................................................................$15,000 New Holland 1051 two wide retriever mounted on 1978 Chevrolet C60 truck........................................................................$13,500 New Holland 1002 balewagon..............................................$4500

Haying Equipment

Hoelscher 100 bale clamp (10 bale). Like new.....................$4850

Tractor

Allis-Chalmers 5050 tractor with front end loader, MFWD, cab...... ........................................................................................$19,500

Miscellaneous Equipment This table is from NebGuide G1779. For guidelines for nitrate levels when grazing, see the Grazing High Nitrate Forages section in NebGuide G1779

Cincinatti 12-ft. press brake with dies...............................$9500

1979 International cabover grain truck, 20-ft. box and hoist with tarp, Cummins engine with 13 speed transmission............ ...................................$13,500

Sod Buster Sales Inc.

Farm Equipment Finding Service

33505 Gingras Springs Rd, Polson, MT 59860

406-249-8565 or 1-877-735-2108

When harvesting drought-stressed corn as forage, consider these options: Moisture. For hay, moisture content needs to be about 15%. High humidity during the summer creates a long dry-down period.

Baleage moisture content should be 45-55% while a typical packed silage should have a moisture content of 65-70%. A noteworthy consideration is that moisture content will likely be higher than expected even though the corn looks “dry,” so checking moisture is critical for proper storage and to reduce the risk of combustion and spoilage.

Haying. If corn grain is minimal on drought-stressed plants and silage is not an

option, baling the corn stover for feed is a final opportunity. Cut the stover at eight to 10 inches above the ground when a little green tissue is present and allow to dry down to stover for baling. Drying may take seven to 10 days. Nitrates still exist in the corn stover and do not decline as it does in the ensiling process, so caution should be used when feeding. Sending in a sample prior to harvest will allow an initial look at nitrate levels. If nitrate test comes back high and at a dangerous level, cut the plants higher, eight to 12 inches off the ground.

Baleage. Baleage is partially dried forage CONTINUED ON PAGE C30

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C27

Conrad Industrial Park

Box 955

Quality Equipment that works as hard as you do

Conrad, MT 59425

Phone 406-278-5400 or 1-800-310-5402 Evenings Call: Jordan VanDyke 406-450-3953

Visit us on the web: www.3vdistributing.com

E-mail Address: 3vdist@3rivers.net

The crew at 3V Distributing, Inc. wishes you and your family a blessed Christmas. Thank you for all your patronage this year and we look forward to working with you in the upcoming year!

Jordan VanDyke and family Barry, Kyle, Travis & Cody

DewEze Early Order beds have arrived!

Pivot Squeeze • Parallel Squeeze IN STOCK Lots of Balebeds in stock...

Bring us your pickup and we can handle the rest!

Pickup Accessories available for sale and installation!

DuraClass

CPI 990 Fuel Trailer with 110 DEF, cord reel, full toolbox, generator/air compressor. Demo unit.

$35,500

IN STOCK

16-ft. and 17-ft. dump bodies, 3/16” Ar400 floors and Highlight tailgates

2-Rugby Tipper Bodies

9-ft. with Electric Double Acting Hoists and Cabshields

We are your dealer for the finest aluminum grain body available

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C28

The deadline for advertising in the January 2024 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be December 27th.

Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

BIG FAT SEED Grain Cleaners

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Overeating disease in sheep: Making sense of vaccination schedules

By Richard Ehrhardt, Small Ruminant Extension Specialist, Michigan State University Overeating disease is also known as “pulpy kidney” disease or simply “enterotoxemia”. It is caused by an organism called Clostridium perfringens, and two major subtypes typically account for the vast majority of cases in sheep, types C and D. Type C principally produces a toxin called β-toxin (beta toxin) which is the actual agent of damage, and this form most commonly kills lambs less than 2 weeks of age. β-toxin produced by proliferation of type C in the gut may also occur later in life, but in older animals it is inactivated by proteases produced by the pancreas. A typical symptom of lambs that die from β-toxin is simply sudden death. This condition is commonly found in large single lambs receiving lots of milk, or lambs born under difficult conditions that may be short on milk but then suddenly come into a situation of abundant milk supply (sudden weather changes in winter, movement between claiming pens, etc.). It is thought that the sudden influx of energy into the small intestine causes fast proliferation of the type C population and a corresponding massive release of β-toxin.

Type D principally produces a toxin called ε-toxin (epsilon toxin) which is the actual agent of damage and typically affects lambs older than 2 weeks of age. The majority of cases of enterotoxemia in older lambs, particularly those eating diets high in starch (high grain diets, especially those high in corn and/or barley) is due to ε-toxin. When high levels of starch enter the small intestine following grain overconsumption, type D proliferates, quickly producing lethal levels of ε-toxin. Lambs exposed to high doses of ε-toxin also die very quickly, but occasionally lambs are found in final stages of life and commonly express symptoms of intense gut pain (kicking while lying of their side). Treatment is often unrewarding, but animals may respond to doses of Clostridium perfringens antitoxin given immediately upon appearance of early symptoms. Antitoxin is simply a preparation of antibodies against a given toxin and therefore has the potential to give immediate neutralization of the toxin.

Consult with your veterinarian about these treatment options.

There is field evidence that sheep develop immunity to the ε-toxin if exposed to subclinical doses of Clostridium perfringens type D. Subclinical infection may occur “naturally” in animals fed grain diets, as the organism thrives in the lower gut under conditions that allow a large influx of starch into the intestine. This condition occurs when animals overload on grain, but may also occur in much more graded doses when animals consume grain diets. This graded exposure may allow immunity to develop and provide a natural level of protection to older lambs and grown sheep. It has been suggested that up to 30% of sheep in a flock may have sufficient protective levels of antibody against ε-toxin in their system simply from subclinical infection. This may explain why only a handful of unvaccinated adult sheep may die from enterotoxemia when a flock of ewes gets loose and finds a pile of grain. Deaths are also uncommon in lambs born to ewes vaccinated during late pregnancy (see Figure 1 and Protection Strategies) and fed a high-energy creep diet since early life. Lambs born to vaccinated moms receive passive protection from mom’s colostrum. If then consuming a high energy grain diet, this can be further augmented by their own active protection via subclinical exposure to toxins.

CONTINUED ON PAGE C32

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A printer that can replicate the human body? Sure, why not. One day, advanced 3-D scanners will scan you, and then organic ink and special plastics will “bioprint” made-to-order body parts. So far, skulls, eyes, skin, noses, ears, bones, and limbs have all been reproduced by 3-D printers. A 22-yearold woman in the Netherlands suffered from a condition that thickened the bone structure of her skull, causing headaches and loss of vision, and threatened to impair brain function.

So in 2014, doctors were able to duplicate and replace her damaged skull with a 3-D printed plastic version. According to the lead doctor, brain surgeon Dr. Bon Verweij, it was a resounding success. The patient regained her vision, was back to work, and “there are almost no traces that she had any surgery at all.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C29

Ethridge 406.434.2222 Lewistown 406.538.8795 Hysham 406.342.5571 Glasgow 406.228.4311 Missoula 406.543.7782

Denton Great Falls 406.453.1453 406.567.2221 Havre Billings Agriculture 406.252.8614 406.265.5887 Belgrade Kalispell 406.388.8500 406.407.7230 Powell, WY Gillette, WY 307.271.1112 307.682.9742 Billings Construction www.torgerson.biz Come See Us Today!

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C30

Say you saw it in the Trader’s Dispatch

Drought-stressed corn: A feed opportunity CONTINUED FROM PAGE C26

STRAW FOR SALE

4x4 big square bales Phone (406) 505-0295, Conrad, Montana

MISCELLANEOUS FOR SALE

2019 Chevy Traverse 49,000 miles, 3rd row seat.........................................$35,000 obo Honeybee 42-ft. offset header, CIH Flagship adapter, new canvases for both sides, second sickle................................$15,000 obo 1994 Hesston 8100 25-ft. draper, RH end of sickle drive needs to be fixed.$10,000 obo 1978 International 1480 runs, missing feeder house chain............................$1500 obo

Call 406-378-3272, Big Sandy, MT

TRUCKING EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

2012 Freightliner day cab, single axle, Cummins ISX, 425 hp, 10 speed, 832,800 miles. King pins, pistons, rod bearings, clutch and exhaust work recently done......$24,000 2006 dry van trailers, 28-ft......................................... $4000 35-ft. liftgate trailers................................................... $7000 Assorted single axle converter dollies................. $2500 ea.

2004 Toyota propane forklifts, 4000 lb. lift................ $8500 All equipment well maintained.

Phone Randy for more information (406) 855-5994

(45-55% DM), which is baled and wrapped with at least six layers of 1 mil plastic. When cutting, leave at least eight inches of stalk to avoid higher nitrate concentrations there.

Baleage will likely need to be wilted for several hours to reach the correct and safe moisture content.

Silage. This method is the most widely preferred as the ensiling process reduces nitrate levels by as much as one-half to one-third as the gas escapes as nitrous oxide compounds from the pile. Leave at least six to eight inches of stalk. Monitor moisture content to be 6570%. Due to a lack of grain compared to typical silage, fermentation will be different. The use of an inoculant is a good risk management tool to ensure a higher quality silage and lack of spoilage.

Proper ensiling technique is the key to success. Following are several articles on properly ensiling corn silage. Also see the UNL BeefWatch article “Silage Considerations.” Before using the silage in a ration, it’s a good idea to test it for moisture, crude protein, TDN and nitrate content to allow for proper formulation in a ration. Tips for obtaining a good sample are provided in the NebGuide, Sampling Feed for Analyses. YouTube videos from the Silage for Beef Cattle Conference will provide more in-depth information on producing and using corn silage in cattle rations.

Grazing. If grazing drought-stressed corn, limit access to the field from both a grain and nitrate risk standpoint. This means using strip grazing. Adapt cattle to grain by feeding two to three pounds per day and slowly move up to 10-15 pounds per day over approximately 10-14 days. Seasoned cows will seek out the corn ears before forage, meaning the cow will have a high grain diet and an increased risk of acidosis. Turn cattle out that are full and make sure plenty of fresh water is readily available. If the level of nitrates is known in the field, start with the lowest areas of the field and work into the higher nitrate areas later. Also consider feeding high quality hay as a supplement and then moving to the corn field for a period of time during the day. Cross fencing and strip grazing areas will help limit intake and reduce trampling while turned out on drought-stressed corn. Recall nitrates are an issue with higher concentrations noted as you move from top to bottom of the plant. Do

Trucks & Trailer For Sale

1996 Timpte, 42-ft. 84” side wall, new tarp, air ride................................$16,900

WELDING/FABRICATION:

30+ years of welding and fabrication experience.

Welding and fab work done at Flying Shit House Ranch main shop.

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not force cattle to eat lower portion of stalk, as that is where highest concentration of nitrates exist. See the UNL article “Graze Drought Stressed Cornstalks CAREFULLY” for more information on grazing.

Feeding green. Green chop is chopping corn and feeding it fresh instead of first letting it go through an ensiling process. Nitrates accumulate in the lower eight to 12 inches of the standing cornstalk in drought-challenged corn. Setting the cutter bar higher and chopping the corn for green chop may lower the amount of nitrate fed. If feeding green chop, feed immediately after harvest and only feed the amount that the animals will consume in two hours. If green chop is left in the bunk or on the wagon, it can heat up and nitrate will be converted to nitrite. Nitrite is 10 times as toxic as nitrate when fed to animals. Therefore, it is better to feed green chop two to three times a day to ensure that it is cleaned up quickly and not left sitting.

Also, ensure there is plenty of bunk space — about 36 inches of space per cow — so the boss cows do not overeat and timid cows are allowed to eat their share. If nitrate poisoning is suspected, remove the contaminated feed from the diet, provide a high energy feed such as corn grain, and call a veterinarian immediately.

Green chop may be a potential alternative for feeding some drought-stressed corn, but one should do so with care.

Options exist for utilizing drought-stressed corn, but one must look at his/her scenario to determine which situation would work well with the risk taken. Drought-stressed corn can be utilized in several ways with careful management and care in feeding.

One final consideration: In the midst of drought, this may not make sense, but in walking these fields, there’s concern about soil erosion due to lack of cover.

Thus, another consideration is to protect the soil from wind erosion by using a cover crop.

The drought greatly impacted overwintering cover crops and succeeding cash crops in 2023 regarding moisture use. Instead, some are choosing to fly or spread cover crops that will winter kill (brassicas, spring cereals) in order to get something covering the soil surface. While spotty, some recent rains were providing that opportunity for some growers.

2000 Sterling, C10 Cat, Eaton 8LL, heavy front axle, double locking rear ends, nice steel 24-ft. flatbed with tool boxes..........................................$24,900

2004 Ford F650, 3126 Cat, 6 speed manual, 162,000 miles, Vac Master 4000 air knife excavation system, Deere motor, 100 gallon water tank, 450 spoils tank, super clean, California truck........... ...................................................$25,900

2011 Freightliner Cascadia, DD15 Detroit 515 hp, Eaton 10 speed, grill guard, good tires....................................$24,900

2015 Kenworth T680, ISX 550 hp, 13 speed, double locker rearends, Tri axle, super clean truck........................$56,900

2016 Peterbilt 579, 450 hp Paccar diesel, Eaton Fuller 10 automatic, Herd grill guard, excellent tires..................$39.900

1994 Kenworth T600, 3176 Cat with Jake brake, Eaton 10 speed, 2 line wet kit, 80% tires all around..............$22,900

2016 Peterbilt 579, 455 hp Paccar Eaton automatic, herd grill, day cab with headache rack, nice truck...........$42,900

2003 International 9200, C12 Cat 430 hp, 10 speed Eaton, 530,000 miles, very good tires, clean truck................$24,900

Call 406-855-4465 or 406-855-7863

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C31

Big Sky Equipment Co. Phone 406-278-3277 Toll-free 1-800-332-7541 Conrad, Montana

Sales Kurt Christiaens 450-3277 cell

Service Corey Combs, 781-7678 cell

website: www.bigskyequip.com

USED GRAIN CART

2018 J&M 750, pivot spout unload, scale.......$37,500

MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT

USED TRACTORS

Happy Holidays from all of us here at Big Sky Equipment

USED HAYING EQUIPMENT

Degelman 4100 bale processor................... $10,995 Erskine 2010X 78” snow blower skid steer attachment, CNH and Bobcat electric harness, hydraulic spout turn/tilt................................................ $6500 HLA 72” snow pusher, like new.............Just Traded

2016 New Holland Boomer 41 CAB hydrostatic drive, NH loader, 2 rear remotes.............................$36,500 2009 McCormick XTX145 loader tractor, semi-powershift transmission, self-leveling loader, low hours.............. ................................................................ Just traded

USED COMBINES

USED AIR DRILLS 2017 Case IH RB565 round baler, wide pickup, net and twine, endless belt, hydraulic bale ramp.... $22,500 2016 New Holland Rollbelt 560 baler, wide pickup, roller wind guard, manual hydraulic pickup, net and twine, large tires, 1000 PTO....................... $34,900 2004 Morris Maxim II, 55-ft., 10” spacing, 3.5” steel packers, single shoot, 7300 towbetween tank, mechanical drive cart........................................ $29,900 2008 New Holland SD550 drill with SC430 tow-between cart, 12” spacing, 60 ft., single shoot, 4.5” steel packers. ....................................................... $47,500 2001 Flexi-Coil 5000 57-ft., 12” spacing, 3.5 inch steel packers, single shoot, 3450 tow between tank, variable rate............................................................... $42,500

USED WINDROWERS

2010 MacDon M100 self-propelled windrower with 35ft. draper header......................................... $74,900

Give us a call or stop in for more information

USED SPRAYERS

2011 Apache AS1020 self-propelled sprayer, 100-ft. steel boom, 1000 gallon poly tank, Smartrax autosteer, AutoBoom UltraGlide, Envizio Pro monitor... .................................................................. $92,500 2005 Summers 500 gallon, 80 ft. pickup sprayer, Raven controller, Honda pump, manual fold.............$4995

LET’S DEAL

2018 New Holland H7150 swing tongue frame

USED HEADERS

2010 MacDon D60 45 ft. draper header with pickup reel, transport............................. Reduced $39,900 Case IH 1015 pickup header..............................$2995

2023 HIGHLINE BALE MOVERS For 7 & 14 bales Stock Photo

IN STOCK

2022 New Holland CR8.90 combine, full automation, duals, variable speed rock drum, full guidance, electric folding hopper, Sunnybrook concaves............... ..............................................................Contact Us 2022 New Holland CR8.90 combine, full automation, chopper & spreader, electric folding grain tank cover, DFR rock trap, twin pitch rotors, Sunnybrook concaves.....................................................Contact Us 2022 New Holland CR8.90 combine, full automation, autoguidance, chopper & spreader, electric folding grain tank cover, DFR rock trap, twin pitch rotors, Sunnybrook concaves...........................Contact Us 2019 New Holland CR8.90 combine, duals, autoguidance, chopper & spreader, electric folding grain tank cover, DFR rock trap, twin pitch rotors, Sunnybrook concaves...............................................Contact Us 2018 New Holland CR8.90 combine, duals, autoguidance, chopper & spreader, electric folding grain tank cover, DFR rock trap, twin pitch rotors, Sunnybrook concaves...............................................Contact Us 1995 Case IH 2188 combine with MacDon 960 36-ft header and 1010 15-ft pickup header.........$19,995 2006 John Deere 9760 STS combine....REDUCED $10,000 to...................................................$39,900 1993 Massey Ferguson 8570, includes 30-ft. auger header, 13-ft. pickup header............ Make an Offer

SOLD

Now offering the Typhoon drum from i-Paddock

Your Local Dealer Call today to learn about the advantages of the Typhoon feed drum for combine headers.

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C32

Do you enjoy reading the Trader’s Dispatch? Have you found what you needed? Please, tell our advertisers!

HARROWS FOR SALE

40-ft. of harrow. Eight 4-bar sections, 5-ft. each, with bolts and brackets. Originally on a Morris Ranger 2-coil packer.

Good shape........................................... Asking $2000 OBO Phone Pat @ (406) 450-3340, located in Shelby MT area

##### How much of the Moon we get to see at night depends on its position in orbit. This is split into eight phases: new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent.

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Merry Christmas to All

May the blessed peace of the Christmas season spread through all the world.

We extend our warmest greetings to you, our customers, and express our gratitude for your faithful patronage.

Best wishes.

Clearview Seed Staff

Consider your spring seed needs now!

Ask us about our early season discounts and special finance options with your preferred Farm Plan Account.

FINANCING AVAILABLE

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C28

WOW

Call for truckload pricing on full semis of continuous panels

BOZEMAN (406) 924-4802

Overeating disease in sheep

Figure 1. Effect of vaccination schedule on serum antibody concentration against the ε-toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens, the causative organism of overeating disease. The top panel shows serum antibody levels in ewes and the bottom panel shows the same in lambs. Ewes were divided into two groups with half immunized against Clostridium perfringens types C and D toxoid (dotted line) and the other half serving as untreated controls (solid line).

Lambs (all triplets) from both sets of ewes were divided into 3 treatment groups (triplet litters were allocated so that each littermate received a different treatment): no vaccine, vaccination at 0 and 3 weeks, or vaccination at 3 and 6 weeks.

Only lambs receiving colostrum from vaccinated ewes mounted an antibody response early in life. This work was authored by Christina de la Rosa, Doug Hogue and Michael Thonney from Cornell University and appeared in the Journal of Animal Science in 1997, volume 75, pages 2328-2334.

Protection Strategies The two main protection strategies are vaccination and feeding management, with the most effective plan being a combination of the two. Feeding management is fairly straightforward: all adjustments to high starch (corn and/ or barley based) diets must be made SLOWLY. Another effective feeding strategy is to replace much of the starch component of a diet (corn and/or barley) with an energy supplement that has a slower and more sustained energy absorption profile from the rumen and lower gut. Such a supplement could be a highly digestible non-forage fiber feedstuff like soybean hulls. Substituting much of the starch component with soybean hulls when lambs are first placed on feed and then slowly replacing it back with corn and/or soy is the safest and most effective means of adjusting lambs to a high grain diet. This is particularly useful in older lambs weaned off a forage diet (such as lambs raised on pasture) and put onto a grain-based diet (when they enter the feed lot). Lambs exposed to high starch feeds from an early age are at much less risk, as they may have had a chance to develop immunity to the subclinical level of toxin via grain consumption producing regular exposure.

Vaccination is the other important protection strategy.

There are several types of vaccines available to protect against both ε- and β-toxin, and they many also confer protection against Clostridium tetani (organism that causes tetanus), which is an important added bonus. Tetanus is a terrible disease condition and can largely be eliminated with a vaccination program. Tetanus protection is particularly important in lambs docked outdoors in pasture birth programs, as they are more prone to infection from this largely soil-born organism.

The most efficient and effective way to protect lambs for the first 60 days of life is by immunizing their mothers as shown in Figure 1. This figure summarizes a study in which circulating antibody concentration against the ε-toxin was measured under several vaccination schedules. In this work, ewes were allocated to a vaccination group (Clostridium prefringens types C and D toxoid given 3 weeks prior to lambing) or to a control group receiving no vaccine. As you can see, the vaccinated ewes developed a rapid antibody response that declined over time and, more importantly, their lambs also received a huge dose of antibody at birth after consuming colostrum. In fact, antibody levels in the lambs following colostrum consumption were even higher than that of their moms. Antibody levels in lambs from vaccinated moms declined over time of course, but the authors surmised that lambs were adequately protected for up to 12 weeks CONTINUED TO PAGE C34

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C33

Wishing You a Very Merry Christmas & Happy New Year!

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C34

We’d appreciate it if you tell an advertiser you read his ad in the Trader’s Dispatch.

Overeating disease in sheep: CONTINUED FROM PAGE C32

Travel safely on winter roads.

Install New Tires Now

Feeding cows? Hauling grain? Visiting relatives?

Avoid cold weather tire trouble...see us today!

ALIGNMENT SERVICE

Cars, Light Trucks, Heavy Duty Farm & Over-the-road Trucks

Cut Bank Tire

Phone 406-873-5025, cell 406-949-7717, Cut Bank, MT

of age. Farmers who have used this protocol (immunizing ewes 3 weeks prior to birth) have observed very few cases of enterotoxemia in lambs, and some have decided to forgo lamb immunizations altogether, especially if lambs are kept on a high plane of nutrition throughout the entire growth period. This practice saves labor and obstacles associated with the need to observe proper withdrawal periods for slaughter following immunization. This can be a lengthy period for a full immunization protocol (primary immunization followed by secondary immunization given 3 weeks later) as the withdrawal time for slaughter is 3 weeks, creating a length of 6 weeks total withdrawal period for slaughter for the full immunization protocol on lambs.

It is important to understand that all immunization strategies given to young lambs directly had NO effect on their circulating antibody levels. Lambs were vaccinated either at birth and 3 weeks or at 3 weeks and 6 weeks of age with the same vaccine (types C and D) given to ewes. It is clear from this study that vaccinating lambs before 6 weeks of age is completely ineffective. This is contrary to recommendations that have been prescribed for the past 30 years and bears important notice. As shown in Figure 1, the only effective treatment for lambs during early life is to immunize their dams during late pregnancy.

It is important to note that all vaccinated ewes had been given a previous vaccination against types C and D either during a previous pregnancy or as ewe lambs. It takes two immunizations (called primary and secondary) to get a protective level of antibody response. After primary and secondary immunizations, only a single booster immunization is needed to achieve effective protection. Another consideration is: what is the minimum period of time prior to lambing for giving the maternal immunization so the lambs still receive adequate protection? My recommendation is 7-10 days, as most booster immunizations will elicit a fast antibody response. Again, it is best to provide a full 3 weeks prior to lambing, but in most management situations we only have an educated guess about the due date of individual ewes.

Based on this, I would recommend vaccinating 2 weeks prior to the first day of the lambing period if this period is less than 6 weeks. If greater than 6 weeks, it may be beneficial to boost the late-lambing ewes yet again.

Vaccine Choices There are several choices of vaccines to protect animals against clostridial organisms. The most cost-effective vaccine would be those that protect only against Costridium perfringens types C and D plus C. tetani (T), often called “CDT” vaccine. There are other, more elaborate and expensive vaccines that protect against other clostridial organisms.

These may have a place in treating high-value sheep, but they may not be cost effective in many farming situations.

Conclusion Vaccinate previously immunized pregnant moms with “CDT” 2 weeks before the first ewe lambs. Additional protection may be needed for lambs (2 “CDT” immunizations, 3 weeks apart) after approximately 60 days of age, particularly if these lambs are not accustomed to a grain diet. Immunizing lambs during early life is not an effective protection program.

It’s not rocket science “It’s not rocket science” is a vaguely insulting phrase people say to somebody struggling to solve a problem. It means “it’s not that hard,” bringing up a mock parallel with rocket science, which involves difficult math, chemistry, and mechanical engineering.

The phrase entered the lexicon in the 1940s. That was about when rocket science, or the world of aerospace began in earnest. Some of the German scientists responsible for making Nazis’ V-2 rockets, including Wernher von Braun, surrendered to Allied troops in 1945. They were then recruited to work for the United States, and the world of rockets kicked into high gear. It was especially true after the end of World War II, when rocket science could be used for space exploration rather than weaponry. By 1950 rocket science, considered science fiction only a decade earlier, was very real but still so exotic that it was synonymous with “incredibly difficult.” It was a common slang term, but print references didn’t appear until the 1980s.

Before these brave new frontiers of science were crossed, however, how were people dismissive of others trying to do something hard? They used phrases like “as easy as pie” or “as easy as falling off a log.”

• TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT •

* Prices subject to stock on hand

Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C35

• TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT • TTT

Contact Dave Taylor: 406-357-2166

Chinook, MT

Home Phone - 406-357-2162 Highway 2 West, Chinook, MT 1/2 mile west of Chinook

LOADS OF TRAILERS COMING IN EVERY WEEK! CALL FOR MORE INFO!

Large Trailer Parts Inventory!

Axles • Springs • Lights • Fenders • Straps • Tie-downs • Jacks • Bearings & Seals • Etc.

NEW BUMPER PULL UTILITY TRAILERS

• 5-ft. x 8-ft. to 83” x 14-ft.

NEW DIAMOND C Low Profile Dump Trailers with tarps

LPD 210 12-ft. gooseneck with (2) 10,000 lb. axles...............................$24,595 LPD 207 14-ft. gooseneck with (2) 7000 lb. axles..................................$16,995 LPD 307 16-ft. gooseneck with (3) 7000 lb. axles..................................$22,295 LPT 207 14-ft. bumper pull with (2) 7000 lb. axles, telescopic hoist......$15,995 1982 Wilray 20-ft. with tread plate floor, ramp, 10,000# GVW........................................$2500

PRONGHORN

1998 Trail King TK32 24-ft. pintle trailer, 19-ft. deck, 5-ft. beavertail, air brakes, 40,000# GVW.......................... $12,900

HILLSBORO & CIRCLE D

UTILITY

FLATBEDS - IN STOCK!

12-ft. x 77” single axle trailer, 3500# axle $1200

NEW HEAVY DUTY FLATBED GOOSENECK TRAILERS LOOK enclosed trailers in stock

Diamond C 32-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, hydraulic beavertail..................$27,395 Diamond C 32-ft., (2) 12,000 lb. axles, Max ramps...............................$24,495 Diamond C 30-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps...............................$21,995 Diamond C 32-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps...............................$22,495 Doolittle 32-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps...................................$20,495 Circle D 31-ft. 2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps......................................$17,995 Circle D 31-ft., (3) 7000 lb. axles, Max ramps.......................................$16,895 Doolittle 30-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps...................................$19,995 Circle D 29-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps....................................$17,595 Circle D 27-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps....................................$16,995 Circle D 25-ft., (2) 7000 lb. torsion axles, Max ramps...........................$12,995 Diamond C 28-ft., (3) 7000 lb. axles, Low Profile tilt trailer...................$18,995 Diamond C 26-ft., (2) 7000 lb. axles, full tilt..........................................$15,595

Mini Excavators

13 1/2 h.p. Briggs & Stratton motors, 5-ft. dig depth

IN STOCK

NEW DIAMOND C & DOOLITTLE Bumper Pull Tilt Trailers

20-ft. • 22-ft. & 24-ft. with 7000 lb., 8000 lb. & 10,000 lb. axles Diamond C 20-ft. full tilt, 82” wide, 14,900 GVW..............$11,895 Diamond C 22-ft. 6+16, partial tilt, 14,900 GVW, 82” wide...$12,495 Doolittle 20-ft. 4+16, partial tilt, 82” wide, 14,000 GVW.....$10,395

$7995 ea

TURNOVER BALL A hitch when you need it...

A level bed when you don’t

COMPANION™ 5th WHEEL RV HITCH

Mounts to rails bolted under the bed, or attaches easily to B&W’s turnover ball gooseneck hitch. Easy adjustment of height & lateral positions.

See us for your HydraBed needs!

Diamond C low profile, scissor lift trailer, 12-ft.x77”, tread plate floor, 7000 lb. axles, 16” tires...........................................................$5995 COME SEE OUR NEW LINE OF DOOLITTLE TRAILERS!

4’x7’ Heavy Duty Trailer Mats $90 each

NEW 2023 STOCK TRAILERS

20-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 7000 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, one center gate, bull package......... $16,995 24-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 7200 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, 2 sliding center gates, bull package ...$18,595 24-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 7200 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, 2 sliding center gates, bull package, brush fenders............................................................................................................ $18,995

Carhaulers, and single & tandem axle utility trailers

3500 lb., 5200 lb., 7000 lb. & 8000 lb. axles

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Trader’s Dispatch, December 2023 — Page C36

2018 John Deere F4365 with AB485 twin bin air system, 70-ft. booms, Gen 4 Integrated Display, tarp, Lincoln lube system, LED field lights.......................................... $224,500

2018 Case Titan 4540 floater, 2745 hours, Case FLX 810 triple bin air bed, 70-ft. boom, variable rate capability, Raven Viper 4 controller, section control, Auto Steer, electric roll tarp................$194,500

2017 TerraGator TG8400B dry floater, diesel engine, CVT transmission, AirMax Precision dry air flow system, 70-ft. stainless steel boom, single product, electric roll over tarp, Viper 4, autosteer, 3245 hours.............................. $154,000

2014 TerraGator TG8400 Airmax Precision 2, 70-ft. boom, granular bins, Viper Pro, autosteer, 3500 hours.............................. $123,500

2009 TerraGator 8203 floater, Air Max Precision, 70-ft. stainless steel boom, electric roll tarp, Ravin Viper Pro controller, Smart Trax auto steer, 3948 hours......... . ....................................... $77,500

2016 Case IH Titan 4540 floater, 1938 hrs, Case 810 air box, triple bin, 70-ft. boom, 410 hp, 8.7L Case diesel, 6 speed Allison Auto, Viper 4, Auto Steer, roll tarp. Incredibly clean, rust free..$187,000

1967 Fruehauf 8500 gallon lead and 5700 gallon 1969 Beall fuel trailer.............................. $34,000

1969 Lubbock NH3 transport trailer, 10,400 gallons, Blackmer pump. 5 to choose from............... .............................. $45,000 each

2012 John Deere 4940 sprayer, 1200 gallon stainless steel liquid system, 120-ft. boom, stainless steel chemical inductor, Vogelsang A17387 front fill, 710/70R42 flotation tires, 4421 hours........................................................................$119,000 2019 Case Titan 4540 Case 810 air box, 70-ft. boom, 410 hp, 2012 Vector 300, Cummins, Allison automatic, New 8.7L Case diesel, 6 speed Allison Auto, Viper 4 monitor, Auto Leader L4000 G4 spreader box, twin spinner, all hydrauSteer, roll tarp. Incredibly clean, rust free truck.......$227,000 lic, stainless steel insert, Raven Viper Pro monitor, 4561 hours. Free delivery................................................$72,000

2016 TerraGator 8400B AirMax Precision 2, Raven Viper 4, 3678 hours............................ $148,000

2015 Case IH Titan 4530 Dry Floater, Flex-Air 810 - VRT dry flow system, 70-ft. boom, Raven Viper Pro, 2922 hours... $148,000

2017 RBR Venturi 350, 2782 hrs, Case 810 70-ft. air boom triple bin, 4WD, 4 wheel steer, Raven Viper 4 Auto Steer.........$156,000

2015 Case 4530, 2384 hours....... ......................................$155,000

2011 TerraGator 8204, Cat diesel engine, AirMax Precision, 70ft. stainless steel boom, Raven SmarTrax, Viper Pro, 4648 hours.

Exceptionally clean truck!... $74,000

2014 TerraGator TG8400 Airmax Precision 2, 70-ft. stainless steel booms, granular coap bins, electric roll-tarp, Raven Viper Pro Controller, auto steer, air ride cab, 3345 hours.............................. $129,500

2015 TerraGator 8400B spreader, 3222 hours, AGCO Power 8.4L 6-cylinder, diesel, CVT transmission, Raven Viper Pro, New Leader L4000G4 MultiApplier dry box.. ...................................... $151,000

2019 TerraGator TG8400C 1619 hrs, Airmax Precision 2 bed, capable of spreading two products, 70-ft. stainless steel boom, Raven Viper 4 controller, auto steer, automatic section control, variable rate. Amazing machine. ....... ......................................$235,500

2015 RBR Venturi 350, 3302 hours, Case 810 70-ft. air boom, triple bin, 4WD, Viper 4, Auto Steer..............................$138,500

2018 RBR Venturi 380, 2088 hrs, 380 hp Cummins engine, Allison Auto, air ride chassis, 4WD, 810 flex air system, twin bin, 70ft. booms, Viper 4, Auto Steer, Accu boom.............................$216,500

2016 RoGator RG1100B, AGCO 8.4L diesel hydrostatic, New Leader L4258 G4 MultApplier – 5’ insert, dual spinners, 710/70R38 flotation tires, adjustable axles, Raven GPS, Viper 4, 2200 hours.. ...................................... $147,000

2017 John Deere F4365 Hi-Capacity Nutrient Applicator, 3435 hours, John Deere 9.0L diesel engine, IVT transmission, AutoTrac guidance, Starfire 6000 receiver, DN495 MultiApplier.......... ..................................... $198,000

2016 RoGator 1300B sprayer, AGCO diesel, hydro-static transmission, 1300 gallon stainless steel tank, 120-ft. boom, 20” spacing, 650/65R42 tires, fenders, Viper 4 monitor, 3143 hours..........$142,000

2015 Merritt Quickveyor Quickveyor unload system, tandem axle, air ride suspension, electric tarp, 4 compartment........$39,000

Hyundai HL730-9A wheel loader, EROPS, Cummins, heat/air conditioning, AM/FM radio, 8-ft. bucket, 2.5 cubic yard capacity, 17.5R25 tires, operating weight 23,500 lbs, rear view camera, 5684 hours...... ........................................ $86,000

Cat 938F payloader, Cat diesel 140 hp. 4 speed shuttle shift, cab, 3.25 yard bucket, 20.5-R25 tires, 10,270 hours.................. $45,500 Farming is Fun!!

2016 Case IH Titan 3540 3 wheel floater, 810 air delivery box, deluxe cab, red leather seat, 6 speed Allison automatic transmission, 8.7L Case IH FLP engine, 1512 hours, 1050/50 R32 front and rear tires, Raven Viper 4, Agri-Cover roll tarp.......................... $168,500

2014 Case IH Titan floater, diesel engine, Allison transmission, New Leader L4000 G4, 14-ft. stainless steel dry spreader box, twin spinner, all hydraulic, New Leader stainless steel insert, Ag Leader monitor, 4253 hours....... $124,500

2005 International 8600 tender truck, Cummins engine, 10 speed transmission, air lift tag axle, Willmar 1600 hydraulic stainless steel dry tender box, side shooter discharge auger, box extensions, extra long side auger, electric roll tarp, 452,074 miles......... $56,000

2016 Timpte Super tender trailer, 40-ft. aluminum trailer, hopper bottom, rear hydraulic discharge conveyor, under hopper conveyor, outer controls, electric roll over tarp, tandem axle, air ride suspension.................................. $66,000

2004 Peterbilt floater sprayer truck, 76-ft. boom, 20” nozzle spacing, Raven Envizio Pro control valves, 4368 hours... $53,000

1999 Willmar side shooter 24-ton tender, on 2 axle trailer, electric roll tarp....................................$26,000

Check out our website: www.fertilizerequipment.net

GREYN FERTILIZER

We have been your locally owned full service fertilizer dealer for over 35 years!! Thank you for your support. Three locations to serve you: Choteau - Larry Greyn - 406-466-5356 Dutton - Brad Greyn - 406-476-3402 Valier - 406-279-3255