Libro de Texto. 6 º Grado by Trasteando Ideas

FjZg^Ydh c^ dh n c^ Vh/ ±7^ZckZc^Ydh V XaVhZh :a a^Wgd YZ iZmid fjZ i^ZcZc Zc hjh bVcdh ]V h^Yd ]ZX]d ZheZX^VabZciZ eZchVcYd Zc jhiZYZh! fjZ hdc jcVh eZghdcVh c^XVh Z ^bedgiVciZh# :hiZ Xdci^ZcZ _jZ\dh n Z_ZgX^X^dh XgZVi^kdh fjZ edYg{c gZhdakZg jiâôVcYd hj ^c\Zc^d n XdcdX^b^Zcidh# 9Z ^\jVa [dgbV! Xdc Za egde hîd YZ fjZ ejZYVc XdadgZVg! Y^Wj_Vg n ZhXg^W^g hjh ^YZVh! ]Zbdh VXdbeV VYd ZhiZ iZmid Xdc jc Wdcîd 8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh# :heZgVbdh fjZ aZh \jhiZ# :a B^c^hiZg^d YZ :YjXVX^ c n hj XZcigd ZhXdaVg! Zc Za bVgXd YZa EaVc CVX^dcVa YZ :YjXVX^ c '%'&! Zhi{c igVWV_VcYd eVgV fjZ iZc\Vc b{h n bZ_dgZh dedgijc^YVYZh YZ VegZcYZg# BVciZc\Vc hj YZY^XVX^ c n ZhbZgd# Cd [VaiZc V XaVhZh# HZVc ejcijVaZh n edc\Vc bjX]V ViZcX^ c Zc aVh VXi^k^YVYZh n iVgZVh# EgZ\jciZc h^ZbegZ fjZ cd Zci^ZcYVc Va\d Z ^ciZg hZchZ edg VegZcYZg# CjZhigd YZhZd Zh fjZ h^\Vc ZhijY^VcYd Xdc Zcijh^Vhbd n VaZ\g V# BVciZc\Vc k^kd Za ^ciZg h edg hZg XVYV Y V bZ_dgZh# :heZgVbdh fjZ Xdc aV VnjYV YZ hjh [Vbâ^Vh n YZ hjh egd[ZhdgZh d egd[ZhdgVh XjghZc ZhiZ \gVYd n VkVcXZc ]VX^V \gVYdh hjeZg^dgZh Xdc mîd# ±Òc^bd! n V VegZcYZg bjX]d

96GANC M>DB6G6 B:O6 B^c^higV YZ :YjXVX^ c

?DHw AJ>H <JOBÒC K^XZb^c^higd YZ :YjXVX^ c

Jc^YVY &# Cdh Xdbjc^XVbdh

AZXX^ c &/ 6 Xdbjc^XVgcdh AZXX^ c '/ A^Wgdh YZ XdchjaiV

&% &(

Jc^YVY '# GZXdgYZbdh

AZXX^ c &/ 6g\jbZcid b^h de^c^dcZh AZXX^ c '/ IZmidh ^c[dgbVi^kdh

&+ '&

Jc^YVY (# AV bV\^V YZ cVggVg

AZXX^ c &/ ¯Fj^ c cVggV4 AZXX^ c '/ 9Z aV VkZcijgV Va iZggdg AZXX^ c (/ IgVY^X^ c b^ida \^XV AZXX^ c )/ :a edgiVa YZ adh b^idh AZXX^ c */ CjZhigVh Vb^\Vh aVh cdkZaVh AZXX^ c +/ CdkZaVh bZbdgVWaZh

'+ (' ()' ), *(

Jc^YVY )# :a jc^kZghd YgVb{i^Xd

AZXX^ c &/ ±KVbdh V ZhXZcV AZXX^ c '/ :a bjcYd YgVb{i^Xd AZXX^ c (/ 9Z g^hVh n aaVcidh

*+& +-

Jc^YVY *# H^\Vbdh ^chigjXX^dcZh

AZXX^ c &/ >chigjXX^dcZh ZaZbZciVaZh AZXX^ c '/ B^ eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa

,, -&

Jc^YVY +# 6egZX^Zbdh aV edZh V

AZXX^ c &/ AV ]dgV YZ aV edZh V -* AZXX^ c '/ 6a g^ibd YZ adh edZbVh .% AZXX^ c (/ 8jVgiZidh! iZgXZidhµ n ±jc hdcZid ., AZXX^ c )/ :a VabV YZ aV edZh V &%' AZXX^ c */ 6a Xdbe{h YZ aVh WdbWVh &%.

Jc^YVY ,# BZ ^c[dgbd Xdc ]jbdg

AZXX^ c &/ 8Vg^XVijgVh eVgV eZchVg AZXX^ c '/ JcV XVg^XVijgV kVaZ b{h fjZ b^a eVaVWgVh

&&'

&&+

Jc^YVY -# CjZhigd bjcYd ^c[dgbVi^kd

AZXX^ c &/ 8jZcid b^ k^YV AZXX^ c '/ 9Z XdbegVh AZXX^ c (/ E^gViVh Zc :a HVakVYdg AZXX^ c )/ AV Xg c^XV AZXX^ c */ :a gZhjbZc AZXX^ c +/ EgZhZcid b^ ^c[dgbZ ZhXdaVg

&'' &'&(( &(. &)) &*%

Jc^YVY .# 6g\jbZciZbdh

AZXX^ c &/ >YZci^ÉXd Vg\jbZcidh AZXX^ c '/ IdYd cVXZ YZ jcV ^YZV AZXX^ c (/ ¯Fj h^\jZµ4 ±6g\jbZciVg AZXX^ c )/ GZYVXiZbdh XdcXajh^dcZh

&*+ &+' &++ &,&

DW_Zi^kdh YZa eg^bZg ig^bZhigZ JC>969 & &# 8dbjc^XVg YZ [dgbV dgVa n ZhXgîV Y^[ZgZciZh bZchV_Zh! Zc Za XdciZmid ZhXdaVg n [Vbâ^Vg! Vegdm^b{cYdhZ Va gZ\^higd Xjaid d ZheZX^VaôVYd n jiâôVcYd Za gZ\^higd Xdad" fj^Va! idbVcYd Zc XjZciV aV hîjVX^ c Xdbjc^XVi^kV n bVc^[ZhiVcYd gZheZid edg hjh ^ciZgadXjidgZh Z ^ciZg h Zc aV XdggZXX^ c n kVg^ZYVY YZ hj kdXVWjaVg^d# '# AdXVaôVg ^c[dgbVX^ c Zc a^Wgdh YZ XdchjaiV Xdbd/ Y^XX^dcVg^dh! ZcX^XadeZY^Vh n \j Vh iZaZ[ c^XVh! bVc^[ZhiVcYd hZ\jg^YVY Z ^ciZg h! eVgV YZhZckdakZghZ ZÉX^ZciZbZciZ Zc VXi^k^YVYZh ZhXdaVgZh n [Vbâ^VgZh#

JC>969 ' &# EgdYjX^g iZmidh Vg\jbZciVi^kdh WgZkZh ViZcY^ZcYd V aV ZhigjXijgV! Xdc Za egde hîd YZ YZhVggdaaVg aV XVeVX^YVY XgZVi^kV n ZmegZh^kV eVgV hVi^h[VXZg cZXZh^YVYZh YZ Xdbj" c^XVX^ c# '# Dg\VcôVg n eVgi^XêVg Zc eZfjZ dh YZWViZh dgVaZh! bZhVh gZYdcYVh n [dgdh! id" bVcYd Zc XjZciV aVh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh egde^Vh YZ ZhiZ iêd YZ Y^hXjghdh dgVaZh! V Éc YZ ^cXgZbZciVg Za bVcZ_d n aV ^ciZgVXX^ c hdX^Va# (# EgdYjX^g Y^[ZgZciZh iêdh YZ iZmidh ^c[dgbVi^kdh idbVcYd Zc XjZciV hj ZhigjXijgV eVgi^XjaVg n hj Y^k^h^ c Zc e{ggV[dh! Xdc aV ÉcVa^YVY YZ YZhVggdaaVg ]VWâ^YVYZh YZ Xd" bjc^XVX^ c ZhXgîV#

JC>969 ( &# AZZg n ZhXg^W^g XjZcidh! bîdh! cdkZaVh YZ VkZcijgV! gZXdcdX^ZcYd Za iêd YZ cVggVYdg! aVh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh eVgi^XjaVgZh YZ XVYV iêd YZ iZmid! Xdc Za egde hîd YZ gZhedcYZg V cZXZh^YVYZh YZ ZmegZh^ c n XdbegZch^ c dgVa n ZhXgîV# '# EgdYjX^g iZmidh Xdc ^ciZcX^ c aîZgVg^V jiâôVcYd XdggZXiVbZciZ eVaVWgVh h^beaZh n XdbejZhiVh! Y^hi^c\j^ZcYd adh aZmZbVh n bdg[ZbVh/ egZÉ_dh n hjÉ_dh! adh hjhiVci^kdh XdcXgZidh n VWhigVXidh! Za bdYd hjW_jci^kd/ i^Zbedh h^beaZh n XdbejZhidh! adh YZiZg" b^cVciZh cjbZgVaZh b aiêadh n eVgiî^kdh! Xdc XdggZXX^ c dgid\g{ÉXV! V Éc YZ Xdchda^" YVg aV ZmegZh^ c dgVa n ZhXgîV#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY & AZXX^ c &

Cdh Xdbjc^XVbdh 6 Xdbjc^XVgcdh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aVh h^\j^ZciZh h^ijVX^dcZh Xdbjc^XVi^kVh/ ±H ! X]Ze^id! kV V ZhiVg W^Zc X]^kd KZcYg{c kVg^dh \gjedh VhigVa h^bdh V bdkZg Za ZhfjZaZid#

¯Fj eVhd! I^iV4 B^g{! Za digd bVgiZh! Zc Za VjY^! kVc V ]VWaVg YZ YVcoV#

7jZcdh Y Vh! c^ Vh n c^ dh# :a bVgiZh YZ aV eg m^bV hZbVcV! V aVh igZh YZ aV iVgYZ! hZ egZhZciVg{c \gjedh YZ YVcoV n hZ YZhVggdaaVg{ jcV Xdc[ZgZcX^V i^ijaVYV ¾6a Xdbe{h YZ aV YVcoV¿# :hi{c ^ck^iVYdh idYdh n idYVh#

9^hi^c\j^YV a^XZcX^VYV 8gjo/ IZc\d Za ]dcdg YZ XdcÉgbVg aV eVgi^XêVX^ c YZa ZmeZgid 6aZ_VcYgd HdaZg n YZ adh \gjedh YZ YVcoV >cY^WVâV! IZbedgZYVcXZ n 8aVh^XBdk^b^Zcid Zc Za ZkZcid fjZ hZg{ gZVaôVYd Zc Za VjYîdg^d YZ hj XZcigd ZhXdaVgµ

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY &

6 XdbegZcYZg '

:c eVgZ_V! gZhedcYZ/ V# ¯9Z fj hZ ]VWaV Zc XVYV hîjVX^ c Xdbjc^XVi^kV4 W# ¯Fj Y^[ZgZcX^Vh n hZbZ_VcoVh ZcXjZcigVh4 X# ¯Edg fj XVbW^V aV bVcZgV YZ ZmegZhVghZ Zc XVYV hîjVX^ c4 EVgV VYZXjVghZ V aVh Y^[ZgZciZh hîjVX^dcZh Xdbjc^XVi^kVh! adh n aVh ]VWaVciZh ]VXZc jhd YZ Y^kZghVh [dgbVh YZ aV aZc\jV# :hVh kVg^VWaZh XdciZmijVaZh YZ aV aZc\jV hZ aaVbVc gZ\^higdh a^c\ hi^Xdh# :_Zbeadh/ Za gZ\^higd Xdadfj^Va hZ jiâôV Zc hîjVX^dcZh ^c[dgbVaZh d [Vbâ^VgZh! Xdc bjX]V ZhedciVcZ^YVY# :a gZ\^higd Xjaid d ZheZX^VaôVYd hZ ZbeaZV Zc hîjVX^dcZh [dgbVaZh Xdbd jcV Xdc[ZgZcX^V! d Va ZhXg^W^g a^Wgdh! Vgi Xjadh! cdi^X^Vh! ZiX#

(

AVh eZghdcVh jiâôVc Y^[ZgZciZh ZmegZh^dcZh eVgV VYZXjVghZ V aV hîjVX^ c Zc aV fjZ hZ Xdbjc^XVc#

C^c\ c gZ\^higd a^c\ hi^Xd Zh bZ_dg d eZdg fjZ digd! ad ^bedgiVciZ Zh fjZ hZVc VYZXjVYdh V aV h^ijVX^ c Xdbjc^XVi^kV#

:a gZ\^higd Xjaid d ZheZX^Va^oVYd gZfj^ZgZ jcV ZmegZh^ c XdggZXiV n egZX^hV# 8dc ij Zfj^ed XdciZhiV aVh h^\j^ZciZh egZ\jciVh n Xdbe{giZaVh Xdc aV XaVhZ/

V# ¯8 bd ejZYZh YZiZgb^cVg h^ jcV ZmegZh^ c Zh XdggZXiV n egZX^hV4 W# ¯:c fj h^ijVX^dcZh ZhXjX]Vh d aZZh ZmegZh^dcZh YZa gZ\^higd Xjaid d ZheZX^Va^oVYd4

6 ZhXg^W^g )

:hXg^WZ! V jc Vb^\d d jcV Vb^\V! ad fjZ ]^X^hiZ Za Éc YZ hZbVcV# 8dbeaZiV bZY^V e{\^cV h^c gZeZi^g b{h YZ Ydh kZXZh adh hjhiVci^kdh n kZgWdh fjZ ZbeaZZh# 9^ fj XaVhZ YZ gZ\^higd ]Vh jhVYd#

AV bVndg V YZ eZghdcVh jiâôV VagZYZYdg YZ *%%% eVaVWgVh Y^[ZgZciZh eVgV Xdbjc^XVghZ dgVabZciZ# 6a ZhXg^W^g! hZ VjbZciV ZhiZ c bZgd edh^WaZbZciZ eVgV ZkîVg gZeZi^X^dcZh# ±Jc WjZc ZhXgîdg jiâôV Vegdm^bVYVbZciZ &% %%% eVaVWgVh

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY &

EVgV ZaZ\^g Za gZ\^higd VYZXjVYd V aVh Y^hi^ciVh h^ijVX^dcZh Xdbjc^XVi^kVh hZ YZWZc idbVg Zc XjZciV adh h^\j^ZciZh VheZXidh/

V# :a egde hîd YZ aV Xdbjc^XVX^ c/ eZY^g jc [Vkdg! aaVbVg aV ViZcX^ c! ^c[dgbVg hdWgZ jc iZbV! ]VXZg gZ g! ZiX# W# AV eZghdcV Xdc aV fjZ iZ Xdbjc^XVh/ ij [Vbâ^V! ijh Vb^\dh! aV Y^gZXidgV YZa XZcigd ZhXdaVg! jc kZX^cd! Za YdXidg YZ aV Xa c^XV! ZiX# X# :a aj\Vg YdcYZ XdckZghVh d YdcYZ hZ ejWa^XVg{ ij ZhXgîd/ Za VjaV! ij XVhV! Za X^cZ! aV ^\aZh^V! Za eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa! ZiX# AZZ aVh ZmegZh^dcZh n [ _ViZ Zc aV gZVXX^ c YZ aVh eZghdcVh/ ¯4

¯4

¯IZcYg V aV \Zci^aZoV YZ didg\VgbZ jcV XVWg^daV Xdc aV hd\V4

¯Fj dcYVh bV^higV K^iV4

GZVaôV aVh h^\j^ZciZh VXi^k^YVYZh Zc ij XjVYZgcd/ &# :hXg^WZ fj VheZXidh YZ aV eg^bZgV hîjVX^ c cd hZ idbVgdc Zc XjZciV Va ZmegZhVghZ# '# :hXg^WZ jcV XVgiV V jc bVZhigd d jcV bVZhigV eVgV XdbZciVgaZ ijh egde hîdh eVgV ZhiZ V d ZhXdaVg# (# 7jhXV Zc Za Y^XX^dcVg^d aVh eVaVWgVh fjZ cd XdcdoXVh YZ aV hZ\jcYV hîjVX^ c# :hXg^WZ X bd ad Y^g Vh i V ijh XdbeV Zgdh n XdbeV ZgVh# ,

GZhedcYZ/ ¯X bd edYZbdh VegZcYZg V Xdbjc^XVgcdh Xdc Za gZ\^higd Xjaid4 HZaZXX^dcV aV deX^ c d aVh deX^dcZh fjZ Xdch^YZgZh XdggZXiVh n Zmea^XV edg fj # V# =VWaVcYd YZ iZbVh hZg^dh d YZ ZhijY^d# W# AZnZcYd iZmidh kVg^VYdh/ a^Wgdh! gZk^hiVh! XjZcidh! eZg^ Y^Xdh! ZiX# X# K^ZcYd iZaZk^h^ c# Y# :hXjX]VcYd V adh adXjidgZh n V aVh adXjidgVh Zc aV gVY^d# Z# H^\j^ZcYd digdh bdYZadh ZhXg^idh#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh &'

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY &

AZXX^ c '

A^Wgdh YZ XdchjaiV

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV adh Y^Wj_dh# GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj ]VXZc aVh c^ Vh n adh c^ dh4! ¯Zc fj aj\Vg Zhi{c4

;dgbV jc ig d n XdckZghZc hdWgZ ad h^\j^ZciZ/ V# ¯Fj i^ed YZ ^c[dgbVX^ c hZ ejZYZ ZcXdcigVg Zc aVh [jZciZh YZ XdchjaiV fjZ VeVgZXZc Zc adh Y^Wj_dh4 W# ¯9 cYZ WjhXVh ^c[dgbVX^ c eVgV ]VXZg ijh iVgZVh4 X# ¯9 cYZ ejZYZh ZcXdcigVg Za c bZgd iZaZ[ c^Xd YZ adh bjhZdh YZ :a HVakVYdg4 :mea^XV X bd WjhXVgadh# AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY &

=dn Zc Y V ejZYZh XdchjaiVg aVh ZcX^XadeZY^Vh ^begZhVh n aVh ZcX^XadeZY^Vh k^gijVaZh# ±Adh Ydh i^edh YZ ZcX^XadeZY^Vh hdc \Zc^VaZh

Adh a^Wgdh YZ XdchjaiV hdc iZmidh V adh fjZ hZ ejZYZ gZXjgg^g eVgV WjhXVg d Vbea^Vg ^c[dgbVX^ c hdWgZ jc iZbV# HZ XdcdXZc Xdbd a^Wgdh YZ XdchjaiV adh Y^XX^dcVg^dh! aVh ZcX^XadeZY^Vh! aVh \j Vh iZaZ[ c^XVh n digdh#

AV ZcX^XadeZY^V Zh jcV dWgV Zc aV fjZ hZ igViV YZ bjX]Vh X^ZcX^Vh# Edg Z_Zbead! jcV ZcX^XadeZY^V ejZYZ igViVg hdWgZ X^ZcX^Vh cVijgVaZh! iZXcdad\ V! VgiZh! ]^hidg^V jc^kZghVa! hdX^ZYVY! ZiX#

AV ZcX^XadeZY^V ^begZhV

V# Hj egZhZciVX^ c Zh [ h^XV! Zh YZX^g! Zc ]d_Vh YZ eVeZa# W# D[gZXZ jc Vbea^d VWVc^Xd YZ iZbVh dg\Vc^oVYdh Zc kVg^dh kda bZcZh d idbdh# X# Adh idbdh d kda bZcZh hZ ejZYZc dg\Vc^oVg Va[VW i^XVbZciZ d edg iZb{i^XVh#

(

AZc\jV_Z +

Y# 8VYV kdajbZc Zhi{ dg\Vc^oVYd Zc XVe ijadh fjZ XaVh^ÉXVc! YZÉcZc n Zmea^XVc XVYV iZbV# Z# JcV ZcX^XadeZY^V hZ ejZYZ XdbegVg Zc jcV a^WgZg V eVgV iZcZgaV Zc XVhV d hZ ejZYZ XdchjaiVg Zc jcV W^Wa^diZXV ZhXdaVg#

K^h^iV jcV W^Wa^diZXV n WjhXV jcV ZcX^XadeZY^V# :hXg^WZ Xj{cidh idbdh d kda bZcZh aV XdbedcZc n Va\jcdh iZbVh fjZ YZhVggdaaZ#

Jc^YVY &

AV ZcX^XadeZY^V k^gijVa

±BZ ZcXVciV WjhXVg ^c[dg" bVX^ c edg ^ciZgcZi

V# Hj egZhZciVX^ c Zh k^g ijVa! Zh YZX^g! hZ ejZYZ iZcZg VXXZhd V ZaaV edg bZY^d YZ jcV XdbejiVYdgV n YZ >ciZgcZi# W# D[gZXZ jc Vbea^d VWVc^Xd YZ iZbVh/ X^ZcX^Vh! iZXcdad\ V! VgiZh! ]^hidg^V jc^kZghVa! hdX^ZYVY! ZiX# BjX]Vh ZcX^XadeZY^Vh k^gijVaZh d[gZXZc [did\gV[ Vh! hdc^Yd! _jZ\dh ^ciZgVXi^kdh n b{h# X# :c aV e{\^cV eg^cX^eVa YZ aV ZcX^XadeZY^V k^gijVa hZ ^cY^XVc adh iZbVh fjZ hZ igViVc# HZ VXXZYZ V Zaadh ]VX^ZcYd Xa^X` Zc Za gVi c! n Vh eVgV VXXZYZg V XVYV ZcaVXZ d a^c`# Y# EVgV iZcZg VXXZhd V jcV ZcX^XadeZY^V k^gijVa! WVhiV XdciVg Xdc jcV XdbejiVYdgV n jcV XdcZm^ c V >ciZgcZi# :m^hiZc bjX]Vh ZcX^XadeZY^Vh k^gijVaZh \gVij^iVh# G:86AA

)

DCK>:L

8dc Za Vednd YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! VkZg^\jV Y cYZ ejZYZh XdchjaiVg jcV ZcX^XadeZY^V igVY^X^dcVa d jcV ZcX^XadeZY^V k^gijVa# 8jVcYd ]VnVh ]ZX]d aV XdchjaiV! ZhXd\Z jc iZbV fjZ iZ ]VnV ^ciZgZhVYd n egZhZciV jc gZedgiZ ZhXdaVg YZ jcV e{\^cV hdWgZ Za iZbV fjZ ^ckZhi^\VhiZ#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh

:a B^c^hiZg^d YZ :YjXVX^ c i^ZcZ jc edgiVa ^chiîjX^dcVa Xdc ^c[dgbVX^ c YZ ^ciZg h eVgV ZhijY^VciZh! YdXZciZh! [Vbâ^V! ZiX# EjZYZh VXXZYZg V a ZhXg^W^ZcYd aV h^\j^ZciZ Y^gZXX^ c ZaZXig c^XV/ lll#b^cZY#\dW#hk :a hî^d k^hîVYd edg adh ZhijY^VciZh Zh/ lll#bêdgiVa#ZYj#hk

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY

GZXdgYZbdh

' AZXX^ c &

6g\jbZcid b^h de^c^dcZh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

AZZ Za Y^{ad\d n ZmegZhV YZ fj igViVg{ aV aZXX^ c# KVbdh! ]dbWgZ! h^ hdad hZg{c jcdh Ydh eV_Vg^idh# CVY^Z hZ kV V bdg^g edg Zhd#

8]ZeZ! ¯fjZg h ^g Xdc cdhdigdh V bViVg e{_Vgdh4

Cd! V b cd bZ ^ck^iZc V Zhd# ¯HVWZc fjZ edg bViVg V iVcid e{_Vgd bjX]Vh ZheZX^Zh Zhi{c Zc eZa^\gd YZ Zmi^cX^ c4

6 XdbegZcYZg '

:megZhV ij de^c^ c# V# ¯8gZZh fjZ Zh XdggZXid VeZYgZVg V adh e{_Vgdh4 ¯Edg fj 4 W# ¯:hi{h YZ VXjZgYd Xdc ad fjZ Y^XZ aV c^ V fjZ Zhi{ Zc Za XZcigd4 ¯Edg fj 4

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY '

(

GZ cZiZ Zc \gjed n Y^hXjiZ/ V# ¯8j{a Zh aV ^YZV d iZh^h fjZ YZÉZcYZ 8]ZeZ4 W# ¯Fj Vg\jbZcidh edYg V jhVg aV c^ V eVgV XdckZcXZg V 8]ZeZ YZ VXdbeV Vgadh4 X# ¯8dc Xj{a Vg\jbZcid iZ ^YZci^ÉXVh b{h n edg fj 4

)

GZXjZgYV fjZ Vg\jbZciVg Zh iZcZg jcV de^c^ c! gVodcVgaV n eZghjVY^g d XdckZcXZg V digdh j digVh eVgV fjZ VXZeiZc d hZ VY]^ZgVc V ij ejcid YZ k^hiV#

8dc Za Vednd YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! aZZ aV h^\j^ZciZ iVWaV eVgV fjZ gZXjZgYZh aVh eVgiZh fjZ YZWZh idbVg Zc XjZciV eVgV Xdchigj^g jc iZmid Vg\jbZciVi^kd#

iZh^h

:h aV ^YZV eg^cX^eVa fjZ YZÉZcYZh! aV de^c^ c ijnV hdWgZ Va\d#

Vg\jbZcid

:h Za gVodcVb^Zcid fjZ ZbeaZVh eVgV egdWVg d YZbdhigVg ij iZh^h! d W^Zc eVgV XdckZcXZg V Va\j^Zc YZ VfjZaad fjZ VÉgbVh d c^Z\Vh# 9ZWZh VednVg ij gVodcVb^Zcid Zc ^c[dgbVX^ c n Zc Z_Zbeadh# D ejZYZh VeZaVg V adh hZci^b^Zcidh d ZbdX^dcZh YZ aVh eZghdcVh#

XdcXajh^ c

:h aV gZhdajX^ c d edh^X^ c fjZ hZ idbV hdWgZ jc iZbV YZhej h YZ ]VWZgad Vg\jbZciVYd#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY ' *

DWhZgkV adh Y^Wj_dh n aZZ adh iZmidh# :c ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! VcdiV aVh h^bâîjYZh n Y^[ZgZcX^Vh YZ ZhiVh [dgbVh YZ dg\VcôVg VXi^k^YVYZh eVgV Vg\jbZciVg# & :a YZWViZ Zh aV Y^hXjh^ c YZ jc iZbV eda b^Xd ZcigZ Ydh d b{h \gjedh YZ eZghdcVh# :h YZ XVg{XiZg Vg\jbZciVi^kd n Zh \j^VYd edg jcV bdYZgVYdgV d jc bdYZgVYdg#

Cd dak^YZh fjZ adh XdcZXidgZh iZmijVaZh iZ VnjYVc V jc^g ^YZVh n e{ggV[dh# 6a\jcdh YZ Zhidh XdcZXidgZh hdc/ eVgV ZbeZoVg! Zc eg^bZg aj\Vg! edg jc aVYd! edg digd aVYd! eZgd! h^c ZbWVg\d! eVgV ÉcVa^oVg! ZiX#

Debate: Jugar a apedrear pájaros

' :a [dgd Xdch^hiZ Zc aV Y^hXjh^ c YZ jc iZbV! edg eVgiZ YZ jc e Wa^Xd n Xdc aV Y^gZXX^ c YZ jcV eZghdcV Vh^\cVYV fjZ i^ZcZ aV [jcX^ c YZ bdYZgVg#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY '

( AV bZhV gZYdcYV hZ YV XjVcYd kVg^Vh eZghdcVh egZhZciVc n Y^hXjiZc! [gZciZ V jc e Wa^Xd! hjh de^c^dcZh VXZgXV YZ jc iZbV fjZ XdcdXZc# Adh ^ciZ\gVciZh YZ aV bZhV gZYdcYV ejZYZc hZg YZ igZh V hZ^h eZghdcVh! jcV YZ aVh XjVaZh [jcX^dcV Xdbd bdYZgVYdgV#

) JcV ZcigZk^hiV Zh jc Y^{ad\d YdcYZ jcV eZghdcV aaVbVYV ¾ZcigZk^hiVYdg¿ d ¾ZcigZk^hiVYdgV¿ ]VXZ jcV hZg^Z YZ egZ\jciVh V digV aaVbVYV ¾ZcigZk^hiVYd¿ d ¾ZcigZk^hiVYV¿ eVgV XdcdXZg hjh ejcidh YZ k^hiV hdWgZ jc iZbV! hjh de^c^dcZh! d hjh XdcÉYZcX^Vh#

:m^hiZc kVg^dh i^edh YZ ZcigZk^hiVh/ aVh fjZ ]VXZ jc eZg^dY^hiV V jc eZghdcV_Z YZ ^ciZg h e Wa^Xd! aVh YZ jc ZbeaZVYdg V jc Vhe^gVciZ! ZiX#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY '

8dc VnjYV YZ ij bVZhigd d bVZhigV! eVgi^X^eV Zc Za YZWViZ YZ jc iZbV YZ ij ^ciZg h# EjZYZh gZidbVg Za iZbV YZ bViVg V adh e{_Vgdh edg YZedgiZ# &# >ci \gViZ V jc \gjed YZ X^cXd XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh Xdc adh fjZ iZc\Vh ^YZVh VÉcZh# '# >ckZhi^\jZc VXZgXV YZ aVh gVodcZh edg aVh XjVaZh Va\jcdh c^ dh n Va\jcVh c^ Vh Zci^ZcYZc Xdbd jc _jZ\d Y^kZgi^Yd VeZYgZVg e{_Vgdh# (# 8dbeVgiVc aV ^c[dgbVX^ c n e c\VchZ YZ VXjZgYd hdWgZ Xj{a kV V hZg aV edh^X^ c YZa \gjed hdWgZ Za iZbV# )# GZYVXiZc jc iZmid Vg\jbZciVi^kd VednVcYd d gZX]VoVcYd aV eg{Xi^XV YZ bViVg e{_Vgdh Xdbd Y^kZgh^ c# ={\Vcad Zc jcV e{\^cV#

Cd dak^YZh jhVg adh XdcZXidgZh iZmijVaZh#

*# :heZgZc aVh ^cY^XVX^dcZh YZ hj bVZhigV d bVZhigd eVgV ZhXd\Zg V aVh n adh ZhijY^VciZh fjZ YZ[ZcYZg{c XVYV edh^X^ c# 6ednZc V adh fjZ gZegZhZciZc hj ejcid YZ k^hiV# +# :hXjX]Zc aVh Vg\jbZciVX^dcZh YZ aVh n adh eVgi^XêVciZh# ,# H^ cd eVgi^XêVc Xdbd ZmedhîdgZh d ZmedhîdgVh YZ hjh Vg\jbZcidh! egZeVgZc egZ\jciVh n XdbZciVg^dh eVgV aV hZXX^ c YZ egZ\jciVh n gZhejZhiVh! nV hZV eVgV VednVg jcV edh^X^ c d eVgV XjZhi^dcVg adh Vg\jbZcidh Xdc adh fjZ cd Zhi c YZ VXjZgYd# -# GZheZiZc aVh cdgbVh YZ eVgi^XêVX^ c fjZ Zmea^XVg{ aV bdYZgVYdgV d Za bdYZgVYdg# ,

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! aVh Vg\jbZciVX^dcZh fjZ iZ eVgZoXVc b{h ^ciZgZhVciZh! VjcfjZ cd Zhi h YZ VXjZgYd Xdc ZaaVh#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh '%

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY '

AZXX^ c ' &

IZmidh ^c[dgbVi^kdh

AZZ adh h^\j^ZciZh iZmidh/ 9^ZciZh/ ZhigjXijgVh YjgVh! XVaX^ÉXVYVh! hj_ZiVh Va bVmâVg hjeZg^dg Z ^c[Zg^dg YZ adh kZgiZWgVYdh n Va\jcdh Vc^bVaZh! XjnV [jcX^ c eg^cXêVa Zh bVhi^XVg# Iêdh YZ Y^ZciZh/ Za hZg ]jbVcd i^ZcZ kZ^ciZ Y^ZciZh fjZ jiâôV YjgVciZ aV [VhZ ^c^X^Va YZa YZhVggdaad YZ adh bVmâVgZh n fjZ gZX^WZc Za cdbWgZ YZ Y^ZciZh YZ aZX]Z d YZ aV ^c[VcX^V# 6 bZY^YV fjZ adh bVmâVgZh XgZXZc! Zhidh Y^ZciZh hdc gZZbeaVoVYdh edg digdh igZ^ciV n Ydh Y^ZciZh eZgbVcZciZh YZ bVndg iVbV d#

BVcîVh [gV\bZcid BVcîVh YZ adh c^ dh! bVcîVh eZY^\ Z Vh! YZ adh kVaaZh YZa bjcYd hd^h YjZ Vh# <VWg^ZaV B^higVa X]âZcV

±8VbeZdcZh 6nZg cjZhigdh [jiWda^hiVh hVakVYdgZ dh kZcX^Zgdc V adh VaZbVcZh ( V D Zc jc eVgi^Yd ^cdak^YVWaZ Zc Za ZhiVY^d 8jhXVia{c#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY '

6 XdbegZcYZg '

GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯8j{a YZ adh iZmidh Xdbjc^XV ^c[dgbVX^ c X^Zci ÉXV4 W# ¯8j{a YZ adh iZmidh Zh a^iZgVg^d4 X# ¯8j{a YZ adh iZmidh Zh jcV cdi^X^V4

AVh eZghdcVh cZXZh^iVc Xdbjc^XVg hZci^b^Zcidh! XdcdX^b^Zcidh X^Zci ÉXdh! ^c[dgbVX^ c YZ aV k^YV Xdi^Y^VcV#

Adh iZmidh ^c[dgbVi^kdh hdc VfjZaadh fjZ cdh egdkZZc YVidh! YZhXjWg^b^Zcidh! gZhjaiVYdh# :c adh iZmidh ^c[dgbVi^kdh cd cdh e^YZc cjZhigV de^c^ c#

6a\jcdh iZmidh ^c[dgbVi^kdh hdc/ Vgi Xjadh YZ gZk^hiVh X^Zci ÉXVh Vgi Xjadh YZ eZg^ Y^Xdh cdi^X^Vh ^c[dgbZh ZhXdaVgZh ^c[dgbZh YZ aVWdgZh gZedgiV_Zh ZcigZk^hiVh gZk^hiVh YZ XZaZWg^YVYZh (

AZZ n XdbZciV aVh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh YZ jc iZmid ^c[dgbVi^kd# V# Hdad cdh YV ^c[dgbVX^ c# ?Vb{h hZ e^YZ aV de^c^ c YZa aZXidg d YZ fj^Zc ZhXjX]V# W# :hi{ VednVYd Zc YVidh ZhiVY hi^Xdh! gZhjaiVYdh YZ ^ckZhi^\VX^dcZh! gZXjZcid YZ ]ZX]dh# Fj^Zc ZhXg^WZ cd YV hj de^c^ c! hdad ZmegZhV adh ]VaaVo\dh# X# GZhedcYZ V aV ZhigjXijgV/ ^cigdYjXX^ c! YZhVggdaad! XdbegdWVX^ c YZ YVidh n XdcXajh^dcZh#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY '

)

:hXg^WZ Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z jcV a^hiV YZ iZmidh ^c[dgbVi^kdh fjZ jhZh Zc aV ZhXjZaV n Y^ Xj{a Zh aV ZhigjXijgV fjZ jhVh eVgV ]VXZgad#

:_Zbead/ ^Vh# • GZedgiZ YZ X^ZcX h# aZ • GZedgiZ YZ hdX^V • :higjXijgV/ ¼ ^cigdYjXX^ c ¼ YZhVggdaad h ¼ XdcXajh^dcZ dcZh X^ ¼ gZXdbZcYV

AZZ n dWhZgkV adh h^\j^ZciZh iZmidh#

:a eVhVYd '* YZ ZcZgd hZ ^cVj\jg aV iZgXZgV ;Zg^V Bjc^X^eVa YZa A^Wgd! aaVbVYV/ IdYdh V aZZg# :a ZkZcid Xdci Xdc aV Vh^hiZcX^V YZ Vajbcdh n VajbcVh YZ aVh Y^hi^ciVh ZhXjZaVh e Wa^XVh YZa bjc^X^e^d n YZa eV h! fj^ZcZh VegdkZX]Vgdc eVgV XdbegVg bjX]dh a^Wgdh V WV_d egZX^d#

:cigZk^hiVYdg/ ¯9ZhYZ Xj{cYd ]VXZh cVYd h^cXgdc^oVYd4

EVdaV/ CVYd YZhYZ adh igZh V dh! eZgd Za cVYd h^cXgdc^oVYd ad ZbeZX V egVXi^XVg V adh YdXZ#

:cigZk^hiVYdg/ ¯Fj eaVcZh i^ZcZh eVgV Za [jijgd4

EVdaV/ E^Zchd iZgb^cVg YZ ZhijY^Vg n Xdci^cjVg egVXi^XVcYd aV cViVX^ cµ

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY '

AV GZe Wa^XV YZ :a HVakVYdg hZ jW^XV Zc Za Xdci^cZciZ VbZg^XVcd! Zc aV X^cijgV YZ ZhiZ# 8dc jcV edWaVX^ c YZ VagZYZYdg YZ hZ^h bâadcZh YZ ]VWîVciZh! :a HVakVYdg Zh jcd YZ adh eV hZh b{h WZaadh YZ 8ZcigdVb g^XV# Hj \ZciZ Zh XdcdX^YV bjcY^VabZciZ edg hj VaiV XVeVX^YVY aVWdgVa n hj VbVWâ^YVY#

Iêdh YZ Y^ZciZh/ Za hZg ]jbVcd i^ZcZ kZ^ciZ Y^ZciZh fjZ jiâôV YjgVciZ aV [VhZ ^c^X^Va YZa YZhVggdaad YZ adh bVmâVgZh n fjZ gZX^WZc Za cdbWgZ YZ Y^ZciZh YZ aZX]Z d YZ aV ^c[VcX^V# 6 bZY^YV fjZ adh bVmâVgZh XgZXZc! Zhidh Y^ZciZh hdc gZZbeaVoVYdh edg digdh igZîV n Ydh Y^ZciZh eZgbVcZciZh YZ bVndg iVbV d#

GZ cZiZ Zc \gjed n gZhedcYZ/ V# ¯Fj i^ed YZ iZmid ^c[dgbVi^kd Zh XVYV jcd4 W# ¯8j{aZh ]Vh ZhXg^id4 ¯8j{aZh cd4 ¯Edg fj 4

6]dgV! [ _ViZ Zc aV h^\j^ZciZ ^bV\Zc#

Cd h fj Zh bZ_dg/ h^ jhVg jc eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa! jcV gZk^hiV ^c[dgbVi^kV d jc ^c[dgbZ bZchjVa YZ VXi^k^YVYZh#

Nd XgZd fjZ Zh bZ_dg Za eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa# Nd XgZd fjZ Zh bZ_dg aV gZk^hiVµ VjcfjZ Zh b{h XVgV0 ejZYZ hZg bZ_dg jc WdaZi c#

GZhedcYZ Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z# V# HZ\ c aV gZVa^YVY YZ ij ZhXjZaV! ¯Xj{a bZY^d YZ ^c[dgbVX^ c ZaZ\^g Vh n edg fj 4 W# 6]dgV! gZ cZiZ Zc \gjed n Y^hXjiZ ijh ^YZVh Xdc aVh YZ ijh XdbeV Zgdh n XdbeV ZgVh# X# Egdedc\Vc! V aV bVZhigV d Va bVZhigd! jcV [dgbV YZ Xdbjc^XVX^ c YZcigd YZa VjaV#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY '

AZZ n gZhedcYZ aVh egZ\jciVh fjZ VeVgZXZc YZhej h YZa iZmid#

IVojbVa

:c '%%) hZ YZggjbW jcV eVgZY YZ XZbZcid fjZ dXjaiVWV aV VgfjîZXijgV ^cY \ZcV YZ ZhV e^g{b^YZ# 6 eVgi^g YZ Vfj ! hZ XdbZcoVgdc V gZVaôVg ^bedgiVciZh ZmXVkVX^dcZh fjZ ]Vc eZgbî^Yd ZhijY^Vg aV VgfjîZXijgV fjZ hZ iZc V Zc ZhV edXV! edgfjZ Zc aVh ZhigjXijgVh YZ i^Zbedh egZ]^he{c^Xdh hZ VXdhijbWgVWV V Xdchigj^g jcV e^g{b^YZ hdWgZ aV digV! h^c YZhigj^g aV eg^bZgV# BjX]d d_d/ ^bV\ cViZ fjZ Zc digV ZhigjXijgV iVbW^ c hZ YZhXjWg^ jcV XVcX]V eVgV Za _jZ\d YZ eZadiV! fjZ hZ ZcXdcigVWV V aV eVg YZ jc Vci^\jd XZbZciZg^d YZ eg^cXê^dh YZa h^\ad MM# IdbVYd YZ EVadbîVh YZ EVeZa YZ AV EgZchV <g{ÉXV! Ydb^c\d '% YZ bVnd YZ '%%)# ¯Fj eVh 4 ¯9 cYZ4 ¯Fj^ cZh hdc adh egdiV\dc^hiVh4 ¯8j{cYd eVh 4 ¯8 bd eVh 4

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z +

'* '*

Jc^YVY

AV bV\^V YZ cVggVg

( AZXX^ c &

¯Fj^ c cVggV4

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

AZZ Za i ijad n gZhedcYZ/ V# ¯=Vh ZhXjX]VYd Va\jcV kZo ]VWaVg YZ 8VeZgjX^iV Gd_V4 ¯Fj^ c ZgV ZaaV4 W# ¯8dcdXZh digVh kZgh^dcZh YZ ZhZ XjZcid4

AZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ [gV\bZcid#

8VeZgjXîV Zc BVc]ViiVc [gV\bZcid HVgV 6aaZc ZgV jcV c^ V YZ Y^Zo V dh fjZ! idYVh aVh hZbVcVh! ^WV Xdc hj bVYgZ V k^hîVg V hj VWjZaV n aZ aaZkVWV jcV iVgiV YZ [gZhV! XjnV gZXZiV ZgV jc hZXgZid [Vbâ^Vg XZadhVbZciZ \jVgYVYd# Jc Y V! adh eVYgZh YZ HVgV hZ VjhZciVgdc n YZ_Vgdc V aV c^ V Va Xj^YVYd YZ jcV kZX^cV# HVgV VegdkZX] aV dXVh^ c eVgV ZbegZcYZg edg hj XjZciV jc k^V_Z aaZcd YZ ZbdX^dcZh fjZ iZc V edg bZiV aV XVhV YZ hj VWjZaV# :c Za igVnZXid! HVgV hZ VYZcig Zc Za 8ZcigVa EVg`! jc ZcdgbZ eVgfjZ jgWVcd# 9Z egdcid! aV c^ V hZ ZcXdcig hdaV Zc jc XaVgd YZ {gWdaZh0 aaZkVWV bjX]d gVid VcYVcYd n ZhiVWV XVchVYV# K^d jc WVcXd n hZ hZci ! YZ_VcYd Va aVYd hj XVcVhiV Xdc aV iVgiV# :hiVWV iVc VWhdgiV Zc hjh gZXjZgYdh n Zchd VX^dcZh fjZ! XjVcYd dn jcdh eVhdh ZcigZ aV bVaZoV! hZ É\jg fjZ hZg V Za k^Zcid hdWgZ aVh ]d_Vh d Za XdggZiZd YZ Va\jcV VgYâaV# EZgd Va VaoVg adh d_dh hjh iZbdgZh hZ Y^hêVgdc# :gV jc hZ dg W^Zc kZhi^Yd! Xdc hdbWgZgd \g^h n \jVciZh YZ XVWgîâaV# 6YZb{h! cd YZX V cVYV! c^ hZ bdk V# HdaVbZciZ aVh VaZiVh YZ hj cVgô VÉaVYV hZ YâViVWVc Xdbd da[ViZVcYd Va\d ad XjVa aZ YVWV X^Zgid idfjZ YZ Vc^bVa Va VXZX]d# AV b^gVYV! Zc XVbW^d! ZgV aV YZ jc ]dbWgZ hdaîVg^d n ig^hiZ# 9Z egdcid hdcg^ n HVgV aZ YZkdak^ aV hdcg^hV# '+

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

½¯Fj ]VXZh Vfj iVc hdaV! ]ZgbdhV c^ V4 ½egZ\jci Xdgi hbZciZ½¯:heZgVh V Va\j^Zc4 ½Cd! V cVY^Z# Hdad ZhiVWV eZchVcYd# ½¯K^kZh edg ZhiZ WVgg^d4 ½egZ\jci Za ]dbWgZ b^ZcigVh hZ fjîVWV adh \jVciZh# ½Cd! cd iZc\d ZhV hjZgiZ# B^ VWjZaV Y^XZ fjZ Zh Za bZ_dg WVgg^d YZ BVc]ViiVc# :aaV k^kZ Zc Za cdgiZ! edg Za Bdgc^c\h^YZ# Kdn V kZgaV n V aaZkVgaZ jcV iVgiV YZ [gZhV fjZ aZ ]V ]ZX]d b^ bVYgZ# HZ Y^hedc V V idbVg aV XZhiâaV XjVcYd Za hZ dg hZ VYZaVci V ]VXZgad# AV b^g 0 ]VW V VXZgXVYd aV XZhiV V hj gdhigd VÉaVYd! ZhiVWV da^ZcYd aV iVgiV n hjh d_dh WgâaVWVc Xdc ig^jc[Va XdY^X^V# ½¯IVgiV YZ [gZhV4 ±NV YZX V nd fjZ V Zhd da V AV aaZkVh V] ! ¯kZgYVY! fjZg^YV c^ V4 :gV jcV kdo aV hjnV iVc hjea^XVciZ fjZ V HVgV aZ Y^d eZcV! n eZch fjZ Za hZ dg ejY^ZgV iZcZg ]VbWgZ# ½H ! Vfj aV aaZkd# ¯Fj^ZgZ jhiZY egdWVg4 AV ]V ]ZX]d b^ bVYgZ n aZ hVaZ bjn WjZcV# ½±D]! h ! egdWVgaV ±CVYV bZ \jhiVg V iVcid Xdbd egdWVgaV EZgd! ¯fj Y^g{ ij VWjZaV4 ½Cd XgZd fjZ aZ ^bedgiZ bjX]d fjZ hZ aV aaZkZ ZbeZoVYV ½Y^_d HVgV! kdak^ZcYd V hZciVghZ Zc Za WVcXd n gZi^gVcYd aV hZgkâaZiV YZ XjVYgdh# ½AZ Y^g fjZ ZcXdcig Vaµ WjZcd! Va adWd ½V VY^ g^ZcYd½! n fjZ iZc V bjX]V ]VbWgZ# 6XVWVWV YZ YZhZckdakZg aV iVgiV! fjî{cYdaZ Za eVeZa YZ eaViV# :a dadg ZgV Zc kZgYVY ZmXZaZciZ# ½Cd bZci^g Vh ½Y^_d Za ]dbWgZ½! edgfjZ bZ aaVbd :Y\Vg Lda[ n b^ VeZaa^Yd! Zc ^c\a h! fj^ZgZ YZX^g adWd# N Zc XjVcid Va ]VbWgZµ ±D]! Zh bjX]d b{h fjZ ]VbWgZ ±:h miVh^h! fjZg^YV c^ V ±Kdn V edYZg egdWVgaV ±Fj ^beVX^ZcX^V :a hZ dg Lda[ hZ fjî Za hdbWgZgd! XVn YZ gdYâaVh n b^gVWV VggdWVYd Za eVhiZa! Vhe^gVcYd hjh ZÊjk^dh Xdc [gZcZh #

XVWgîâaV/ e^Za YZ XdgYZgd d YZ XVWgîd# VggdWVYd/ ZcV_Z" cVYd! fjZ hZ fjZYV [jZgV YZ h # ZÊjk^d/ ZbVcV" X^ c! ^ggVY^VX^ c YZ ad ^cbViZg^Va# [gZcZh / YZa^g^d [jg^dhd#

8VgbZc BVgi c <V^iZ ZheV daV AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

6 XdbegZcYZg (

8dbeVgV aVh Ydh kZgh^dcZh YZ 8VeZgjXîV# JiâôV jcV iVWaV Xdbd ZhiV# 6\gZ\V idYdh adh hjXZhdh fjZ YZhZZh XdbeVgVg# =Voad Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z# 8VeZgjXîV Gd_V

8VeZgjX^iV Zc BVc]ViiVc

>c^X^d EZghdcV_Zh 6bW^ZciZ HjXZhd & HjXZhd ' ;^cVa

)

GZhedcYZ dgVabZciZ/ V#

¯8gZZh fjZ aV eZghdcV fjZ cVggV 8VeZgjX^iV Zc BVc]ViiVc XdcdXZ Za XjZcid ¾8VeZgjX^iV Gd_V¿4 ¯Edg fj 4

¯8gZZh fjZ Za cVggVYdg YZ VbWdh iZmidh XdcdXZ adh eZchVb^Zcidh! iZbdgZh Z ^ciZcX^dcZh YZ adh eZghdcV_Zh4 BZcX^dcV Z_Zbeadh#

:a cVggVYdg Zh aV eZghdcV fjZ! V igVk h YZ jc Y^hXjghd dgVa d ZhXg^id! gZaViV jcV ]^hidg^V YZhi^cVYV V dnZciZh d aZXidgZh#

8aVhZh YZ cVggVYdgZh

8VgVXiZg hi^XVh

dbc^hX^ZciZ

8dcdXZ Xdc Vci^X^eVX^ c idYdh adh hjXZhdh n Za ÉcVa YZ aV dWgV! bVcZ_V V adh eZghdcV_Zh V hj a^WgZ VaWZYg d! idYd ad hVWZ# CVggV Zc iZgXZgV eZghdcV# :h aaVbVYd iVbW^ c cVggVYdg ZmiZgcd# 8jVcYd Za cVggVYdg Zhi{ YZcigd YZ aV ]^hidg^V n eVgi^X^eV ejZYZ hZg egdiV\dc^hiV d iVbW^ c iZhi^\d! h^ hdad Zh dWhZgkVYdg n cVggV Zc iZgXZgV eZghdcV#

iZhi^\d

GZaViV ad fjZ digdh ]Vc k^k^Yd! ad fjZ aZ XdciVgdc d k^d! eZgd h^c eVgi^X^eVg Zc aV VXX^ c# CVggVg Zc iZgXZgV eZghdcV#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh '-

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

GZXjZgYV aVh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh YZa XjZcid n Zmea XVaVh dgVabZciZ/ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸

JcV cVggVX^ c WgZkZ# 9Z edXdh eZghdcV_Zh# 9Z hjXZhdh ^ckZciVYdh# EjZYZ hZg gZVa^hiV! [Vci{hi^Xd! ]jbdg hi^Xd! YZ iZggdgµ

AZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid n dWhZgkV Y cYZ hZ ZcXjZcigVc adh ejcidh#

6XVWVWV YZ YZhZckdakZg aV iVgiV! fjî{cYdaZ Za eVeZa YZ eaViV# :a dadg ZgV Zc kZgYVY ZmXZaZciZ# ½Cd bZci^g Vh ½Y^_d Za ]dbWgZ½! edgfjZ Ejcid n bZ aaVbd :Y\Vg Lda[ n b^ VeZaa^Yd! Zc ^c\a h! hZ\j^Yd fj^ZgZ YZX^g adWd# N Zc XjVcid Va ]VbWgZµ ±D]! Zh bjX]d b{h fjZ ]VbWgZ ±:h miVh^h! fjZg^YV c^ V ±Kdn V edYZg egdWVgaV ±Fj ^beVX^ZcX^V :a hZ dg Lda[ hZ fjî Za hdbWgZgd! XVn YZ gdYâaVh n b^gVWV VggdWVYd Za eVhiZa! Vhe^gVcYd hjh ZÊjk^dh Xdc [gZcZh #

Ejcid n VeVgiZ

Ejcid ÉcVa

8de^V! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! Ydh e{ggV[dh YZ jc iZmid n gZVa^oV ad h^\j^ZciZ/ &# :cX^ZggV Xdc jc X gXjad gd_d adh ejcidh n hZ\j^Yd# '# :cX^ZggV Xdc jc X gXjad Voja adh ejcidh n VeVgiZ# (# :cX^ZggV Xdc X gXjad cZ\gd Za ejcid ÉcVa#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY ( -

DWhZgkV X bd Zhi{c [dgbVYVh aVh h^\j^ZciZh eVaVWgVh/ EZgg"^id eZgg"Vod eZgg"ZgV eZgg"V

B^gV! ]Vn aZigVh fjZ hZ gZe^iZc Zc idYVh aVh eVaVWgVh#

:a aZmZbV Zh aV eVgiZ YZ aV eVaVWgV fjZ cd XVbW^V XjVcYd hZ [dgbVc cjZkVh eVaVWgVh# AVh digVh eVgiZh fjZ hZ V\gZ\Vc Va aZmZbV n fjZ dg^\^cVc cjZkVh eVaVWgVh hZ aaVbVc bdg[ZbVh# Edg Z_Zbead/ :c Va\jcVh dXVh^dcZh! jcV eVaVWgV ejYZ ZhiVg Xdchi^ij^YV edg jc hdad bdg[ZbV/ bVg! hda! b^a! edg! eVc! cd! ZiX#

AZc\jV_Z +

cVkZ\VciZ cVkZ\VX^ c cVkZ\Vg

bdg[ZbV

aZmZbV

bdg[ZbV

aZmZbV bdg[ZbV

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! X^cXd dgVX^dcZh fjZ hZ gZaVX^dcZc Xdc Za iZmid 8VeZgjXîV Zc BVc]ViiVc! jiâôV bdg[ZbVh Xdchiîj^Ydh edg jcV hdaV eVaVWgV n hjWg{nVadh#

Jc^YVY (

8dbeaZiV Za XjVYgd Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z#

EVaVWgV ZhijY^VciZ

AZmZbV ZhijY^

Bdg[ZbV h VciZ

XVciVg{ YZhZbedakVYd eVeZaZg V XVb^cVciZ YZhXdciZcid gd_d Zcgd_ZXZg ÉcVa^od hd VYdg hjea^XVciZ gZXjZgYdh hZbVcVh

DWhZgkV aVh eVaVWgVh n hjh bdg[ZbVh#

YZh]d_Vg ^cYZÉc^YVbZciZ YZheZ\Vg bdg[ZbV

bdg[ZbV

bdg[ZbV bdg[ZbV bdg[ZbV

Adh bdg[ZbVh ejZYZc V\gZ\VghZ VciZh d YZhej h YZ jc aZmZbV#

bdg[ZbV

7jhXV! Xdc aV VnjYV YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! Y^Zo eVaVWgVh Zc aVh fjZ hZ ejZYV V\gZ\Vg bdg[ZbVh VciZh d YZhej h YZ jc aZmZbV#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

AZXX^ c '

9Z aV VkZcijgV Va iZggdg

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯6a\jcV kZo ]Vh hZci^Yd b^ZYd4 ¯8j{cYd4 W# ¯Fj h^ijVX^dcZh iZ egdYjXZc b^ZYd4 X# ¯Fj Zh Za b^ZYd4

6 aZZg '

AZZ Za XjZcid Zc hâZcX^d# AV BjZgiZ n Za GZn CdX]Z! idYVk V cd# EZgd aVh cjWZh iVc dhXjgVh fjZ CdX]Z! idYVk V cd# EZgd aVh cjWZh iVc dhXjgVh fjZZ ZgV Xdbd h^ ad [jZgV# N Zc aV dhXjg^YVY eZhVYV! aV BjZgiZ! ZckjZaiV Zc jc bVcid! \VadeVWV hj cZ\gd XVWVaad ]VX^V Za eVaVX^d# Adh XVhXdh ^cXVcYZhXZciZh ^cXZcY^VWVc Za eVhid# ^cXVcYZhXZciZh ^cXZcY^VWVc Za eVhid# ;gZciZ V aV bjgVaaV! cd \gî c^ hZ ;gZciZ V aV bjgVaaV! cd \gî c^ hZ VeZ eVgV aaVbVg V aV ejZgiV# :a XVWVaad VeZ eVgV aaVbVg V aV ejZgiV# :a XVWVaad ZhXVgWVWV aV i^ZggV Xdc aV eViV# :aaV V\jVgYVWV# 6a ^chiVciZ aVh eZhVYVh ejZgiVh hZ VWg^Zgdc Zc jc X]^gg^Yd YZ ]ZggV_Zh# N aV IZb^WaZ [jZ XdcYjX^YV Zc egZhZcX^V YZa GZn# egZhZcX^V YZa GZn# ½Hj BV_ZhiVY! dh ]Z kZc^Yd V WjhXVg ½Y^_d h^c gdYZdh# ½Hj BV_ZhiVY! dh ]Z kZc^Yd V WjhXVg ½Y^_d h^c gdYZdh# ½Cd bZ cZ\Vg V V jc aaVbVb^Zcid iVc YZÉcî^kd h^ cd ijk^ZgV jcV WjZcV gVo c ½gZhedcY^ Za h^ cd ijk^ZgV jcV WjZcV gVo c ½gZhedcY^ Za bdcVgXV Xdc ^Y ci^XV ZmVXiîjY# ½EZgd aZ e^Yd bdcVgXV Xdc ^Y ci^XV ZmVXiîjY# ½EZgd aZ e^Yd fjZ cd eVgiVbdh V]dgV# BV VcV ]VWg{ jc idgcZd Zc adh _VgY^cZh YZa eVaVX^d# N Zhidn hZ\jgd fjZ hj egZhZcX^V YVg{ digd kVadg V aV Y^hejiV# Jc ^chiVciZ [jZ hjÉX^ZciZ eVgV fjZ aV BjZgiZ ZkVajVgV Za eZY^Yd n Zhijk^ZgV YZ VXjZgYd# VXjZgYd# 6a Y V h^\j^ZciZ aV hVc\gZ ÊdgZX^ Zc Za 6a Y V h^\j^ZciZ aV hVc\gZ ÊdgZX^ Zc Za X heZY# X heZY# Edg aV cdX]Z aV HjhjggVYV hZ Y^g^\^ Edg aV cdX]Z aV HjhjggVYV hZ Y^g^\^ digV kZo Va GZn#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

½Hj BV_ZhiVY! Zc b^ bdgVYV cdh ZheZgVc# ½:c aV b V iVbW^ c! hZ dgV ½aZ XdciZhi Za GZn Xdc YjgV kdo½# >c[dgbVciZh bZ VXVWVc YZ gZkZaVg fjZ jc \gjed YZ Xdche^gVYdgZh Zhi{ egdcid eVgV VaoVghZ Zc VgbVh XdcigV b # 9{cYdaZ i^Zbed eVgV fjZ ZkVajVgV hjh eVaVWgVh! V\gZ\ Zc kdo b{h WV_V! XVh^ hZYjXidgV/ adh fjZ Zc aVh hdbWgVh hZ ZhXdcYZc ]VWg{c YZ cZXZhîVg hj VnjYV# KVhiVh hdc aVh hdbWgVh! eZch aV BjZgiZ XVaXjaVcYd hj eVgiZ# N jcV kZo b{h VXZei edhiZg\Vg aV hVa^YV# 6ciZh YZa cjZkd VbVcZXZg idYdh adh fjZ ]VW Vc Xdche^gVYd XdcigV Za gZn ]VW Vc bjZgid# ½Hj BV_ZhiVY! nV ZheZg b{h YZ aV XjZciV ½Y^_d aV >cigVchedc^WaZ½# BVcYZ ZchâaVg hj XVWVaad# N eVgiVbdh# ½:h kZgYVY! ]V ZheZgVYd# EZgd aZh VXVWd YZ YZXaVgVg aV \jZggV V adh eV hZh YZa :hiZ# N cZXZhîd hj egZhZcX^V Zc adh XVbedh YZ WViVaaV# H^c YZX^g eVaVWgV ZbeVgZ_ hj XVWVaad Xdc Za YZa GZn n ZbegZcY^ Za aVg\d k^V_Z# BjX]dh Y Vh igVchXjgg^Zgdc# BZhZh# 6 dh# N Xdbd aV BjZgiZ ]VW V XdhZX]VYd iVcid! aaZ\ jc bdbZcid fjZ aV \jZggV cd edY V Xdci^cjVg b{h# N iZgb^c # 6a [gZciZ YZa Z_ gXîd Y^ZobVYd Za GZn n aV BjZgiZ gZidgcVgdc V eVaVX^d# N Zc aV hVaV! nV YZhegdk^hiV YZ XVWVaaZgdh! Za GZn Égb Za igViVYd YZ eVo# ;gZhXV V c aV i^ciV! aV >chVX^VWaZ hZ Vegdm^b Va GZn eVgV gZXdgYVgaZ fjZ digd k^V_Z ad V\jVgYVWV# ½>g ! Vb^\V b V ½aZ XdciZhi Xdc kdo \VhiVYV YZ iVcid \gîVg gYZcZh½# EZgd bV VcV# 6]dgV Zh iVgYZ# N Zhidn iVc XVchVYd# EZgb iVbZ Ydgb^g Zc b^ XVbV h ad ZhiV cdX]Z# N ejZhid fjZ aV BjZgiZ iîjWZVWV Y^_d/ ¾HZV \ZcZgdhV Xdcb^\d! fjZ aZ ]Z YVYd iVcid¿#

AZc\jV_Z +

((

Jc^YVY (

JcV cdX]Z! eZch aV >ckZcX^WaZ! cd ]Vg V Y^[ZgZcX^V# N iVbW^ c ZaaV bZgZX V jc YZhXVchd# :c eVaVX^d h ad Za hjZ d gZXdgg V adh XdggZYdgZh# EZgd Zc hj ]VWîVX^ c Za GZn eZgbVcZX V YZhe^Zgid# =VW V aaZ\VYd Za bdbZcid# HZ aZkVci ! hZ XjWg^ Xdc jc bVcid n Zcig Zc jc eVhVYôd hZXgZid igViVcYd YZ cd ]VXZg gj^Yd# AaZ\ V aV XVWVaaZgôV! Y^d jc i^g c V jcV Vg\daaV YZ ]^Zggd n jcV ejZgiV hZ VWg^ # IVciZVcYd V\Vgg bdcijgV n VggZdh! n Xdc \Zhid g{e^Yd Zchâa Za XVWVaad# Ad bdci YZ jc hVaid# AZ XaVk aVh ZhejZaVh# Hdai aVh g^ZcYVh# N nV ZhiVWV V[jZgV \VadeVcYd Zc aV cdX]Z! VaZ_{cYdhZ YZ eVaVX^d# <VadeVWV Za XVWVaad# Edg jc ^chiVciZ aVh cjWZh hZ VWg^Zgdc! aV ajo YZ aV ajcV bdgY^ Za eZhXjZod YZ aV WZhi^V# ;jZ ZcidcXZh fjZ Za GZn cdi fjZ Za XVWVaad ZgV b{h cZ\gd fjZ aVh i^c^ZWaVh# N fjZ Va eVhVg! adh XVhXdh ^cXVcYZhXZciZh fjZbVWVc Za eVhid YZh]VX^ZcYd aVh e^ZYgVh Zc YZhiZaadh# BVg^cV 8daVhVci^ iVad"ZgîgZV

6 XdbegZcYZg (

8dbZciV Zc Zfj^edh/ V# ¯Fj^ c Zh Za eZghdcV_Z eg^cX^eVa YZa XjZcid4 W# ¯8j{a Zh Za VbW^ZciZ Zc fjZ hjXZYZc adh ]ZX]dh4 X# ¯:a YZhZcaVXZ Zh Za fjZ i ZheZgVWVh4 Y# ¯Fj ]VXZh i XjVcYd h^ZciZh b^ZYd4 Z# ¯HZci^hiZ b^ZYd b^ZcigVh aZ Vh Za XjZcid4 ¯Edg fj 4 [# ¯Edg fj Va\jcdh XjZcidh YZ hjheZchd d iZggdg egdYjXZc b^ZYd4 \# ¯8dcdXZh Va\ c XjZcid YZ hjheZchd d YZ iZggdg eVgV XdciVgad4

()

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

:a XjZcid YZ iZggdg Zh idYV VfjZaaV Xdbedh^X^ c a^iZgVg^V WgZkZ! \ZcZgVabZciZ YZ XdgiZ [Vci{hi^Xd! Xjnd eg^cX^eVa dW_Zi^kd Zh egdkdXVg Za ZhXVad[g d! aV ^cfj^ZijY d aV ^cXZgi^YjbWgZ Zc Za aZXidg#

)

AZZ n VegZcYZ# :a iZggdg Zc adh XjZcidh hjg\Z XjVcYd/ ¸ HjXZYZc ]ZX]dh ^cZmea^XVWaZh! ZhXVad[g^VciZh d ZmigVdgY^cVg^dh! hdWgZcVijgVaZh# ¸ 6eVgZXZc eZghdcV_Zh ZmigV dh n VcdgbVaZh/ [VciVhbVh! ]dbWgZh adWd! bjZgidh k^k^ZciZh! ZiX# ¸ Adh ]ZX]dh dXjggZc Zc aj\VgZh iZcZWgdhdh/ XVhiâadh! WdhfjZh! ]VWîVX^dcZh dhXjgVh! Zc eaZcV idgbZciV! ZiX# ¸ AVh hîjVX^dcZh! aVh XdhVh n aVh eZghdcVh cdgbVaZh hZ Xdck^ZgiZc! YZ egdcid! Zc hdheZX]dhdh! edgfjZ cd hdc ad fjZ eVgZXZc#

:Y\Vg 6aaVc EdZ Zh jcd YZ adh \gVYZh ZhXg^idgZh Xa{h^Xdh ZhiVYdjc^YZchZh# CVX^ Zc &-%. n bjg^ Zc &-).# :hXg^W^ bjX]dh XjZcidh YZ iZggdg! Xdbd ¾:a \Vid cZ\gd¿ ¾AV XV YV YZ aV XVhV Jh]Zg¿ ¾:a edod n Za e cYjad¿ n ¾AV b{hXVgV YZ aV bjZgiZ gd_V¿# :hidh XjZcidh h^gk^Zgdc YZ WVhZ eVgV jcV hZg^Z YZ eZa XjaVh fjZ aaZkVc Za b^hbd cdbWgZ#

6\gZ\V jc cjZkd e{ggV[d Va XjZcid ¾AV BjZgiZ n Za GZn¿# 8dci^c V V eVgi^g YZ aV eVaVWgV YZhiVXVYV# :hXg WZad Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z# ¾<VadeVWV Za XVWVaad# Edg jc ^chiVciZ aVh cjWZh hZ VWg^Zgdc! aV ajo YZ aV ajcV bdgY^ Za eZhXjZod YZ aV WZhi^V# ;jZ ZcidcXZh fjZ Za gZn cdi fjZ Za XVWVaad ZgV b{h cZ\gd fjZ aVh i^c^ZWaVh# N fjZ Va eVhVg! adh XVhXdh ^cXVcYZhXZciZh fjZbVWVc Za eVhid YZh]VX^ZcYd aVh e^ZYgVh Zc YZhiZaadh# ;^cVabZciZµ¿

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

±6] :hiVh eVaVWgVh hdc hjhiVci^kdh! eZgd ¯fj XaVhZ YZ hjhiVci^kdh hdc4

DWhZgkV aVh eVaVWgVh YZhiVXVYVh Zc Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid YZa XjZcid#

N Zc aV hVaV! nV YZhegdk^hiV YZ XVWVaaZgdh! Za gZn Égb Za igViVYd YZ eVo# ;gZhXV V c aV i^ciV! aV >chVX^VWaZ hZ Vegdm^b Va gZn eVgV gZXdgYVgaZ fjZ digd k^V_Z ad V\jVgYVWV# ½>g ! Vb^\V b V ½aZ XdciZhi Xdc kdo \VhiVYV YZ iVcid \g^iVg gYZcZh½# EZgd bV VcV# 6]dgV Zh iVgYZ# N Zhidn iVc XVchVYd# EZgb iVbZ Ydgb^g Zc b^ XVbV h ad ZhiV cdX]Z#

AZZ#

ADH HJHI6CI>KDH

8DC8G:IDH

67HIG68IDH

Adh hjhiVci^kdh XdcXgZidh YZh^\cVc ZaZbZcidh bViZg^VaZh XjnV Zm^hiZcX^V Za ]VWaVciZ eZgX^WZ Xdbd gZVa edg edYZg XVeiVgaV V igVk h YZ adh hZci^Ydh/ hVaV! XVWVaaZgdh! gZn! Vb^\V! XVbV! a^Wgd! Wdah c! eje^igZ! ZiX#

Adh hjhiVci^kdh VWhigVXidh cdbWgVc jc XdcXZeid! XjVa^YVY d ZhiVYd fjZ hdad Zm^hiZ Zc aV bZciZ ]jbVcV d fjZ VhdX^Vbdh Xdc [gZXjZcX^V V eZghdcVh j dW_Zidh/ eVo! a^WZgiVY! Vbdg#

:hXg^WZ jc XjZcid YZ iZggdg# GZXjZgYV/ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸

JiâôV jcV gZY YZ ^YZVh# 9ZÉcZ adh eZghdcV_Zh! Za i^Zbed n Za VbW^ZciZ# EgZhZciV adh hjXZhdh Zc dgYZc# 9ZÉcZ Za ^c^X^d! Za cjYd n Za YZhZcaVXZ# JiâôV edg ad bZcdh X^cXd hjhiVci^kdh VWhigVXidh n X^cXd XdcXgZidh# ¸ GZk^hV aV dgid\gV[ V#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

6a iZgb^cVg Za XjZcid YZ iZggdg h^\jZ aVh h^\j^ZciZh ^cY^XVX^dcZh#

Ji^a^oVbdh jc kdXVi^kd XjVcYd fjZgZbdh aaVbVg! cdbWgVg d ^ckdXVg V jcV eZghdcV d jcV XdhV eZghdc^ÉXVYV/ BVgXZaV! ig{ZbZ jcV bVciV0 8dbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh! kdn V YZXaVbVg jc edZbV0 ±9^dh b d! Zhi{ iZbWaVcYd

&# HjWgVnV Xdc Xdadg gd_d X^cXd hjhiVci^kdh XdcXgZidh# '# HjWgVnV Xdc Xdadg Voja X^cXd hjhiVci^kdh VWhigVXidh# &%

AZZ Za iZmid# AZ Y^_Z/ ?jVc! kZc Vfj ! Zh ]dgV YZ ^g V Ydgb^g# B^ ]ZgbVcd! YZ Y^Zo V dh YZ ZYVY! cd YZ_VWV YZ aZZg hj a^Wgd Adh [VciVhbVh iVbW^ c VhjhiVc YZ Y V#

AV XdbV ^cY^XV jcV eVjhV eZfjZ V# HZ jhV XjVcYd hZ ]VXZ jcV VXaVgVX^ c Zc jcV dgVX^ c n XjVcYd hZ ji^a^oV Xdc jc kdXVi^kd# ?jVc! kZc Vfj kdXVi^kd/ ?jVc #

8de^V aVh dgVX^dcZh Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z n XdadXV aVh XdbVh YdcYZ XdggZhedcYV# " :aZcV aV ]ZgbVcV YZ EZYgd ZhijY^V Zc hZmid \gVYd# " 9^bZ ?jVc VY cYZ kVh# " ?dh kZc Vfj ^cbZY^ViVbZciZ# " Adh \Vidh adh YZ Xdadg cZ\gd bVjaaVWVc edg aV cdX]Z# " IZgZhV aV Vb^\V YZ ?ja^V ^g{ Va WV^aZ Xdc cdhdigdh#

AZZ n gZaVX^dcV aVh eVaVWgVh YZ aV XdajbcV ^ofj^ZgYV Xdc aV ^c[dgbVX^ c YZ aV YZgZX]V# hjhiVci^kd XdcXgZid

HZ ji^a^oV eVgV ]VXZg jcV eVjhV eZfjZ V Zc jcV dgVX^ c#

kdXVi^kd

CdbWgV Va\d fjZ hZ ejZYZ eZgX^W^g Xdc adh hZci^Ydh#

hjhiVci^kd VWhigVXid

HZ ji^oV eVgV aaVbVg! cdbWgVg d ^ckdXVg V jcV eZghdcV d V jcV XdhV eZghdc^ÉXVYV#

XdbV

CdbWgV XdcXZeidh fjZ hdad Zm^hiZc Zc aV bZciZ ]jbVcV#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

AZXX^ c (

IgVY^X^ c b^ida \^XV

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

GZhedcYZ/ ¯]Vh ZhXjX]VYd ]VWaVg VciZh YZ CVgX^hd4 ¯Fj iZ hj\^ZgZ aV ^bV\Zc4

6 aZZg '

AZZ Za iZmid Xdc ViZcX^ c#

:Xd n CVgX^hd VYVeiVX^ c CVgX^hd ZgV iVc ]Zgbdhd fjZ YZhYZ Za bdbZcid YZ cVXZg [jZ VbVYd edg idYVh aVh c^c[Vh# Hj bVYgZ VXjY^ V jc VY^k^cd eVgV fjZ aZ egdcdhi^XVgV h^ hj ]^_d k^k^g V bjX]dh V dh# AV gZhejZhiV [jZ/ ½Ij ]^_d k^k^g{ bjX]dh V dh h^ cd kZ hj ^bV\Zc gZÊZ_VYV# 8gZX^ CVgX^hd Xdc iVaZh \gVX^Vh fjZ aVh bj_ZgZh ad eZghZ\j Vc eVgV VbVgad! eZgd a aVh gZX]VoVWV V idYVh# Jc Y V fjZ CVgX^hd eVhZVWV edg Za WdhfjZ ad hdgegZcY^ aV c^c[V :Xd! fjZ ]VW V h^Yd XVhi^\VYV edg aV Y^dhV =ZgV! ZhedhV YZ OZjh! V fjZ _Vb{h edYg V ]VWaVg edg XdbeaZid0 hj WdXV hdad edYg V egdcjcX^Vg aVh ai^bVh h aVWVh YZ VfjZaad fjZ ZhXjX]VgV# :Xd hZ ZcVbdg YZ CVgX^hd Va kZgad n ad [jZ h^\j^ZcYd h^c fjZ a hZ Y^ZgV XjZciV# 8jVcYd hZ ZcXdcigVgdc! :Xd VWgVo V CVgX^hd! eZgd ZhiZ aV gZX]Vo n aZ Y^_d/ ½Cd eZchVg{h fjZ nd iZ Vbd### ½±Nd iZ Vbd ! ±nd iZ Vbd ½aZ XdciZhi :Xd# (-

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

:cidcXZh \gî CVgX^hd/ ½Cd ejZYd VbVgiZ# ½EjZYd VbVgiZ ½gZeZi V Xdc eVh^ c :Xd# CVgX^hd ]jn ZcigZ adh {gWdaZh Y^X^ZcYd/ ½Cd bZ h^\Vh! ±VY^ h ½6Y^ h! VY^ h ½XdciZhi :Xd# AV bZcdhegZX^VYV :Xd hZ gZ[j\^ Zc Za ZheZhdg YZa WdhfjZ# 8dchjb^YV edg hj iZgg^WaZ eVh^ c! YZa^g ! hZ Zc[jgZX^ n eZch / ¾D_Va{ XjVcYd a VbZ Xdbd nd ad Vbd! hZ YZhZheZgZ Xdbd bZ YZhZheZgd nd¿# C bZh^h! Y^dhV YZ aV kZc\VcoV! ZhXjX] hj gjZ\d# :c jc igVcfjâd kVaaZ ]VW V jcV aV\jcV YZ V\jVh XaVgVh# Ad eg^bZgd fjZ k^d CVgX^hd [jZ hj egde^V ^bV\Zc! gZÊZ_VYV Zc aVh a^be^Vh V\jVh! n XgZn fjZ VfjZa gdhigd ]Zgbdh h^bd fjZ XdciZbeaVWV ZgV Za YZ jc hZg gZVa! V_Zcd V h b^hbd# HZ ZcVbdg YZ VfjZaadh d_dh fjZ gZajX Vc Xdbd ajXZgdh! YZ VfjZaaVh bZ_âaVh ^bWZgWZh! YZ VfjZa XjZaad ZhWZaid! YZ VfjZaadh XVWZaadh cZ\gdh# HZ ]VW V ZcVbdgVYd YZ### a b^hbd n nV cd aZ ^bedgi cVYV b{h fjZ hj ^bV\Zc# EZgbVcZX^ aVg\d i^Zbed XdciZbea{cYdhZ Zc Za ZhiVcfjZ n edXd V edXd [jZ idbVcYd adh [gZhXdh XdadgZh YZ ZhVh bVcoVcVh! XdadgVYVh edg jc aVYd! WaVcfjZX^cVh n YdgVYVh edg digd! igVch[dgb{cYdhZ aZciVbZciZ Zc jcV Êdg ]Zgbdh h^bV fjZ Va WdgYZ YZ aVh V\jVh hZ\j V XdciZbea{cYdhZ Zc Za ZheZ_d YZa aV\d#

ZhWZaid/ Vaid! YZa\VYd n YZ É\jgV egdedgX^dcVYV# ^bWZgWZ/ Y^X]d YZ jc _dkZc! fjZ idYVk V cd i^ZcZ WVgWV# bZcdhegZX^Vg/ iZcZg V Va\j^Zc d Va\d Zc bZcdh YZ ad fjZ bZgZXZ# c^c[V/ YdcXZaaV YZ adh Y^dhZh \g^Z\dh#

:c Za b^hbd ^chiVciZ Zc fjZ CVgX^hd hZ igVch[dgb Zc Êdg! :Xd hZ YZhbdgdc Zc aV ]^ZgWV! bjZgiV YZ Vbdg# :a XjZged YZ :Xd cjcXV hZ ejYd ZcXdcigVg! eZgd edg bdciZh n kVaaZh! Zc idYVh aVh eVgiZh YZa bjcYd! V c gZhedcYZ V aVh ai^bVh h aVWVh YZ aVh kdXZh ]jbVcVh# IdbVYd YZ/ ]iie/$$ZY[Z^cY#Wad\hedi#Xdb Za & YZ hZei^ZbWgZ '%%,

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

6 XdbegZcYZg (

:a cVgX^h^hbd Zh aV [VhX^cVX^ c ZmXZh^kV edg aV WZaaZoV d XjVa^YVYZh YZ jcd b^hbd# )

¯=VW Vh aZ Yd VciZh jcV ]^hidg^V Xdbd aV YZ :Xd n CVgX^hd4

GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯Fj dXjggZ Zc aV cVggVX^ c4 W# ¯Fj^ cZh ^ciZgk^ZcZc Zc aV ]^hidg^V4 X# ¯Fj i^ed YZ cVggVYdg ]Vn4 Y# ¯HVWZh fj Zh Za ZXd4 ¯:c fj hZ eVgZXZ V aV c^c[V :Xd4 Z# ¯IZ \jhiVc adh cVgX^hdh4 ¯:cXjZcigVh Va\jcV hZbZ_VcoV Xdc CVgX^hd4

:c ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! XjZciV aV ]^hidg^V YZ :Xd n CVgX^hd# <j ViZ edg Za h^\j^ZciZ ZhfjZbV#

^c^X^d cjYd YZhZcaVXZ

:a b^id Zh jc gZaVid igVY^X^dcVa egdiV\dc^oVYd edg eZghdcV_Zh hdWgZcVijgVaZh Y^dhZh! hZb^Y^dhZh! bdchigjdh d ZmigVdgY^cVg^dh ] gdZh Xdbd = gXjaZh # CVggV Zc aZc\jV_Z h^bW a^Xd Za dg^\Zc YZ adh ZaZbZcidh n hjejZhidh W{h^Xdh YZ jcV XjaijgV# *

H ! V ZhVh ]^hidg^Vh hZ aZh aaVbV b^idh#

AZc\jV_Z +

DWhZgkV aVh eVaVWgVh YZhiVXVYVh Zc Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid# :a b^id aZ Yd cVggV aV ]^hidg^V YZ aV c^c[V :Xd! fjZ hZ ZcVbdg eZgY^YVbZciZ YZ CVgX^hd# :Xd hZ aaZ\ V hZci^g bZcdhegZX^VYV n Xdchjb^YV edg Za Vbdg cd XdggZhedcY^Yd# CVgX^hd hZ ZcVbdg YZ VfjZaaV eZghdcV fjZ hZ gZÊZ_VWV Zc aV aV\jcV Va bZY^dY V! XjVcYd Za hda Wg^aaVWV Xdc bVndg ^ciZch^YVY#

Jc^YVY (

AVh eVaVWgVh! hZ\ c hj ZhigjXijgV! ejZYZc XaVh^ÉXVghZ Zc h^beaZh n XdbejZhiVh# Hdc h^beaZh h^ XdchiVc YZ jcV hdaV eVaVWgV! Xdbd c^c[V n CVgX^hd# Hdc XdbejZhiVh h^ XdchiVc YZ Ydh eVaVWgVh! Xdbd bZY^dY V bZY^d n Y V #

8de^V Za XjVYgd Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z n Xdbea iVad#

EVaVWgVh h^beaZh V\jV

EVaVWgVh XdbejZhiVh

hVXVejciV a^be^VWdiVh

eVgVWg^hVh eVc GdhV VWgZaViVh ]ZgbVcd

>ckZhi^\V digVh eVaVWgVh XdbejZhiVh! hZeVgV aVh Ydh eVaVWgVh fjZ aV XdbedcZc! ZhXg WZaVh Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! [dgbV dgVX^dcZh n Xdbe{giZaVh Xdc ijh XdbeV Zgdh n XdbeV ZgVh#

Nd e^Zchd fjZ Zc aVh eVaVWgVh bZY^dY V n bZcdhegZX^VYV ]Vc jc^Yd Ydh eVaVWgVh n fjZ c^c[V Zh jcV hdaV eVaVWgV# ¯Fj e^ZchVh i 4

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

AZXX^ c )

:a edgiVa YZ adh b^idh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

AZZ Za i ijad n dWhZgkV aVh ^b{\ZcZh YZa iZmid# GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj XgZZh fjZ eVhVg{ Zc ZhiV ]^hidg^V4

6 aZZg '

AZZ Za iZmid#

:a gZn B^YVh B^YVh [jZ jc gZn YZ \gVc [dgijcV fjZ \dWZgcVWV Zc Za eV h YZ ;g^\^V# IZc V idYd ad fjZ jc gZn edY V YZhZVg# 8dbeVgi V hj k^YV YZ VWjcYVcX^V Xdc hj ]ZgbdhV ]^_V Od # 6jc gZeaZid YZ g^fjZoVh! B^YVh eZchVWV fjZ aV bVndg [Za^X^YVY aZ ZgV egdedgX^dcVYV edg idYd hj dgd# 8^Zgid Y V! Za Y^dh YZ aV XZaZWgVX^ c! 9^dc^h^d! eVhVWV edg aVh i^ZggVh YZ ;g^\^V# Jcd YZ hjh VXdbeV VciZh! YZ cdbWgZ HâZcd! hZ fjZY gZigVhVYd edg Za XVb^cd# HâZcd! XVchVYd! YZX^YZ Ydgb^g jc gVid Zc adh [Vbdhdh _VgY^cZh YZ gdhVh# 6aa ad ZcXjZcigV B^YVh! fj^Zc ad gZXdcdXZ Va ^chiVciZ n ad ^ckîV V eVhVg jcdh Y Vh Zc hj eVaVX^d# :a Y^dh 9^dc^h^d! bjn V\gVYZX^Yd edg aV \ZciâZoV YZ B^YVh! aZ Y^_d/ ¾BZ ]Vh YVYd iVa eaVXZg Va ]VWZg Xj^YVYd YZ b^ Vb^\d! fjZ fj^Zgd ]VXZg gZVa^YVY XjVafj^Zg YZhZd fjZ iZc\Vh¿# B^YVh gZhedcY^ ^cbZY^ViVbZciZ/ ¾9ZhZd fjZ idYd ad fjZ idfjZ hZ Xdck^ZgiV Zc dgd¿# 9^dc^h^d [gjcX^ Za ZcigZXZ_d n aZ Y^_d/ ¾¯HZ\jgd fjZ YZhZVh Zhd4¿# 6 ad fjZ B^YVh gZhedcY^ / ¾±HZ\jgd! Za dgd bZ ]VXZ iVc [Zaô ¿# ;^cVabZciZ! 9^dc^h^d XdciZhiV gZVX^d/ ¾Bjn W^Zc! V eVgi^g YZ bV VcV idYd ad fjZ idfjZh hZ igVch[dgbVg{ Zc dgd¿# 6a h^\j^ZciZ Y V! B^YVh hZ YZheZgi Vch^dhd edg XdbegdWVg ad fjZ 9^dc^h^d aZ ]VW V egdbZi^Yd# :miZcY^ hjh WgVodh idXVcYd jcV bZhîV fjZ YZ ^cbZY^Vid hZ igVch[dgb Zc dgd# B^YVh hVaiVWV YZ [Za^X^YVY# HZ hZci V YZhVnjcVg n hZ aZ dXjgg^ XdbZg jc \gVcîd YZ jkV! eZgd XVh^ hZ fjZWg jcV bjZaV edg bdgYZg aV eZadiîV YZ dgd fjZ XVn Zc hj WdXV# )'

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

8dc bjX]d Xj^YVYd fj^hd XdbZg jc eZYVXîd YZ eVc! h^c ZbWVg\d ZhiVWV iVc Yjgd ad fjZ VciZh ]VW V h^Yd WaVcYîd n YZa^X^dhd# Jc igV\jîd YZ k^cd! fjô{hµ eZgd Va aaZkVg Za kVhd V aV WdXV hZ V]d\ igV\VcYd Za dgd a fj^Yd# 9Z gZeZciZ! idYV hj VaZ\g V hZ igVch[dgb Zc b^ZYd# B^YVh hZ ejhd V aadgVg/ ¾¯HZci^g hdaVbZciZ XdhVh [g Vh Za gZhid YZ b^ k^YV4¿! \gîVWV ZcigZ a{\g^bVh# 6a hZci^g Za aaVcid YZ hj eVYgZ! Od hZ VegZhjg eVgV gZXdc[dgiVgad# B^YVh fj^hd YZiZcZgaV eZgd Va ^chiVciZ jcV ZhiVijV YZ dgd ]VW V fjZYVYd V hj aVYd# :a gZn aadgVWV YZhXdchdaVYVbZciZ# ;^cVabZciZ aZkVci adh WgVodh n hjea^X V 9^dc^h^d/ ¾±D]! 9^dc^h^d! cd fj^Zgd Za dgd Hdad fj^Zgd VWgVoVg V b^ ]^_V! hZci^gaV gZ g! idXVg n hZci^g Za eZg[jbZ YZ b^h gdhVh! VXVg^X^Vg V b^ \ViV n XdbeVgi^g aV Xdb^YV Xdc b^h hZgZh fjZg^Ydh# ±Edg [Vkdg! fj iVbZ ZhiV bVaY^X^ c YdgVYV ¿# :a VbVWaZ Y^dh 9^dc^h^d aZ hjhjgg Va XdgVo c/ ¾EjZYZh YZh]VXZg Za idfjZ YZ dgd n YZkdakZgaZ aV k^YV V aVh ZhiVijVh! eZgd iZ XdhiVg{ idYd Za dgd YZ ij gZ^cd¿# N B^YVh ZmXaVb / ¾±Ad fjZ hZV ±Fj^Zgd V aV k^YV cd Va dgd ¿# 9^dc^h^d ZcidcXZh aZ gZXdbZcY / ¾7jhXV aV [jZciZ YZa g d EVXidad n aVkV ijh bVcdh# :a V\jV n Za XVbW^d Zc ij XdgVo c YZkdakZg{c aV k^YV V aVh XdhVh fjZ Xdc ij XdY^X^V igVch[dgbVhiZ Zc dgd¿# 6 eVgi^g YZ ad dXjgg^Yd! _Vb{h YZ_ YZ Y^h[gjiVg YZ aV Vji ci^XV n kZgYVYZgV [Za^X^YVY#

AZc\jV_Z +

)(

Jc^YVY (

6 XdbegZcYZg (

AV cVggVX^ c b i^XV XjZciV! edg Z_Zbead! X bd XdbZco Za bjcYd! X bd [jZgdc XgZVYdh adh ) hZgZh ]jbVcdh n adh Vc^bVaZh! n X bd hZ dg^\^cVgdc X^ZgiVh XdhijbWgZh! g^idh d [dgbVh YZ aVh VXi^k^YVYZh ]jbVcVh#

8dbZciV n gZhedcYZ Xdc ijh XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh# V# ¯IZ ^bV\^cVh Va gZn B^YVh4 9ZhXg WZad# W# ¯Edg fj XgZZh fjZ 9^dc^h^d aZ XdcXZY^ Za YZhZd Va gZn B^YVh4 X# ¯Fj de^cVh YZ aV ZmegZh^ c/ ¾9ZhZd fjZ idYd ad fjZ idfjZ hZ Xdck^ZgiV Zc dgd¿4 Y# ¯DWijkd aV [Za^X^YVY Za gZn B^YVh V igVk h YZa dgd4 Z# ¯Fj XdchZ_d aZ YVg Vh Va gZn B^YVh4 8de^V Za XjVYgd Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z# DgYZcV adh hjXZhdh#

HjXZhd B^YVh ZcXjZcigV V H^aZcd Yjgb^ZcYd Zc hjh _VgY^cZh n YZX^YZ ^ck^iVgad V hj eVaVX^d# B^YVh e^YZ XdckZgi^g Zc dgd idYd ad fjZ idXV# IdYd ad fjZ Za gZn B^YVh idXV hZ Xdck^ZgiZ Zc dgd! ]VhiV hj ]^_V#

&#¬

:a gZn B^YVh k^k V [Za^o Xdc hj ]^_V Zc hj eVaVX^d! eZchVcYd fjZ aV [Za^X^YVY hZ aV egdedgX^dcVWV Za dgd# :a gZn aadgV YZhXdchdaVYd n e^YZ V 9^dc^h^d fjZ idYd kjZakV V hZg Xdbd VciZh# 9^dc^h^d aZ dgYZcV Va gZn B^YVh aVkVg hjh bVcdh Zc Za g d EVXidad# :a V\jV n Za XVbW^d YZ hj XdgVo c YZkdakZg Vc aV k^YV V aVh XdhVh# :c V\gVYZX^b^Zcid! 9^dc^h^d aZ d[gZXZ XdcXZYZgaZ jc YZhZd#

JcV YZ aVh b^idad\ Vh b{h VYb^gVYVh V igVk h YZ aV * ]^hidg^V Zh aV \g^Z\V! aV XjVa edhZZ jcV hdgegZcYZciZ dg^\^cVa^YVY n Zhi{ XVg\VYV YZ bjai^ea^X^YVY YZ Y^dhZh! ] gdZh n Vc^bVaZh [VWjadhdh#

))

AZc\jV_Z +

8dc Za Vednd YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! gZhedcYZ h^ aV cVggVX^ c ¾:a gZn B^YVh¿ XjbeaZ Xdc aVh h^\j^ZciZh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh/ V# ¯I^ZcZ jc XVg{XiZg hV\gVYd n gZa^\^dhd4 ¯Edg fj 4 W# ¯Hjh eZghdcV_Zh hdc Y^dhZh! gZnZh n ] gdZh4 X# ¯=VWaVc hdWgZ iZbVh ]^hi g^Xdh4 Y# ¯HZ XdbW^cVc aV gZVa^YVY n aV ÉXX^ c4 Z# ¯Hj XVg{XiZg Zh edejaVg4

Jc^YVY (

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! ad fjZ eZY^g Vh h^ Va\j^Zc iZ XdcXZY^ZgV jc YZhZd# :hXg^WZ iVbW^ c VXZgXV YZ Xj{aZh XgZZh fjZ hZg Vc aVh XdchZXjZcX^Vh YZ ij YZhZd#

¯HVWZh ad fjZ h^\c^ÉXV YdWaZ! ig^eaZ! Xj{YgjeaZ! fj cijeaZ n h mijeaZ4 ,

AZZ Za iZmid n dWhZgkV aVh eVaVWgVh YZhiVXVYVh# :a gZn B^YVh iZc V jcV YdWaZ [Za^X^YVY# AV bîVY YZ hj k^YV ZgV YZ hj ZcXVciVYdgV ]^_V n aV digV eVgiZ! jcV k^YV bjn igVcfjâV aaZcV YZ aj_dh n bjX]d dgd# EZgd hj VbW^X^ c aZ ]ôd eZgYZg idYd ad WjZcd fjZ edhZ V# EVgV gZhdakZg adh egdWaZbVh dXVh^dcVYdh edg hj YZhbZY^YV VbW^X^ c ijkd fjZ ]VXZg jc igêaZ Zh[jZgod n gZcjcX^Vg V idYd ad bViZg^Va# Adh YZiZgb^cVciZh cjbZgVaZh b aiêadh hdc eVaVWgVh fjZ VXdbeV Vc Va cdbWgZ n ZmegZhVc aV ^YZV YZ bjaiêa^XVX^ c#

o 9Z ' Zh YdWaZ$ Yjead$ YjeaZ

o 9Z * Zh fj cijeaZ$fj cijead

o 9Z ( Zh ig^eaZ$ig^ead

o 9Z + Zh h mijeaZ$h mijead

o 9Z ) Zh Xj{YgjeaZ$Xj{Ygjead

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! X^cXd dgVX^dcZh jiâôVcYd adh YZiZgb^cVciZh cjbZgVaZh b aiêadh#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

9^k^Y^bdh Za eVhiZa Zc igZh edgX^dcZh! Za edaad ad eVgi^bdh Zc XjVigd n aV \VhZdhV aV Y^hig^Wj^bdh Zc X^cXd \gVcYZh kVhdh# Nd bZ Xdb jcV edgX^ c YZ eVhiZa n jcV YZ edaad0 n bZ idb jc kVhd YZ \VhZdhV#

6]dgV! aZZ! VegZcYZ n egVXi^XV adh YZiZgb^cVciZh eVgi^i^kdh#

&$&' YdoVkd d YdXZVkd &$&( igZoVkd d igZXZVkd &$&) XVidgoVkd d XVidgXZVkd

&$' bZY^d! b^iVY &$( iZgX^d &$) XjVgid &$* fj^cid

&$&* fj^coVkd

&$+ hZmid

&$&+ Y^ZX^hZ^hVkd

&$, h ei^bd

&$&, Y^ZX^h^ZiZVkd

&$- dXiVkd

&$&- Y^ZX^dX]Vkd

&$. cdkZcd

&$&. Y^ZX^cjZkZVkd

&$&% Y X^bd

&$'% kZ^ciVkd

±6] ! fj^ZgZ YZX^g fjZ iZ Xdb^hiZ jc iZgX^d YZ eVhiZa n jc XjVgid YZ edaad! n iZ idbVhiZ jc fj^cid YZ \VhZdhV# ±Fj Xdb^adcV

&$&& dcoVkd j dcXZVkd

Adh YZiZgb^cVciZh eVgi^i^kdh VXdbeV Vc Va cdbWgZ n hZ VaVc aVh eVgiZh Zc fjZ hZ ]V Y^k^Y^Yd aV jc^YVY#

>ckZciV d XgZV jc cjZkd b^id V eVgi^g YZ adh ZaZbZcidh YZ adh iZmidh aZ Ydh# >cXajnZ Va\jcdh YZiZgb^cVciZh eVgi^i^kdh n hjWg{nVadh#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh )+

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

AZXX^ c *

CjZhigVh Vb^\Vh aVh cdkZaVh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

AZZ ZhiV eg^bZgV e{\^cV YZ aV aZXijgV n gZhedcYZ V aVh egZ\jciVh# V# ¯Fj^ c hZg{ Za egdiV\dc^hiV YZ aV ]^hidg^V4 W# ¯:c Y cYZ hZ YZhVggdaaV aV ]^hidg^V4 X# ¯Fj XaVhZ YZ cVggVYdg XjZciV aV ]^hidg^V4 ¯8 bd ad hVWZh4 Y# ¯Fj XgZZh fjZ eVhVg{ Zc aVh e{\^cVh h^\j^ZciZh4

6cYVcoVh n bVaVcYVcoVh 8Ve ijad > 9dcYZ Za Vjidg ]VXZ aV YZW^YV egZhZciVX^ c YZa ] gdZ YZ ZhiV kZg Y^XV ]^hidg^V n aZkVciV jc Xjg^dhd ^ckZciVg^d# CVY^Z hjed _Vb{h Zc Za gVcX]d YZ Y cYZ ]VW V hVa^Yd VfjZa XVaVbîdhd gZegZhZciVciZ YZ aV gVoV XVc^cV# KZgYVY Zh fjZ cVY^Z hZ idb Za igVWV_d YZ VkZg^\jVgad# 8^Zgid Y V! Va XVZg aV iVgYZ! XjVcYd kdak V Za ^cY^d YZa ejZWad! Za edWgZ ¾X]jX]d¿ hZ aZ eZ\ n ad k^cd h^\j^ZcYd fj^ c hVWZ YZhYZ Y cYZ edg Za XVb^cd kZX^cVa n! XVh^ e^h{cYdaZ adh iVadcZh! ]ôd hj ZcigVYV Zc Za eVi^d YZ i^ZggV WaVcXV fjZ hZ XdW^_VWV idYd ZciZgd WV_d aV gVbVo c YZa VbViZ ^cY^heZchVWaZ# Adh XêdiZh gZX^W^Zgdc Va ^cigjhd YZ bVaV bVcZgV! Vggd_{cYdaZ eVadh n e^ZYgVh n Zcgdhig{cYdaZ XVa^ÉXVi^kdh iVc YZc^\gVciZh Xdbd \gVijîdh# Idg^W^d! fjZ dn aV WjaaV! Xdc jc \daeZ hZXd XaVk edg Za e^Xd Zc jc ]dgX c aV XjbV gZajbWgdhV n hZ kdak^ eVgV VkZg^\jVg aV XVjhV! ejY^ZcYd kZg idYVk V V hj kdajciVg^d VXdbeV VciZ! fjZ ]VW V VYdeiVYd jc igdiZXîd aZcid n hVai c n! Xdc aV XdaV ZcigZ aVh eViVh! hZ VaZ_VWV Wdggdhd ZcigZ aVh hdbWgVh YZ aV cdX]Z XZggVYV# =VW V XVcidh YZ \gâadh n dadg V ÊdgZh YZ X]jeVb^Za# AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

8jVcYd VbVcZX^ ! Za Vc^bVaZ_d ZhiVWV ]ZX]d jcV gdhXV WV_d Za VbViZ# Adh X]^Xdh ad kdak^Zgdc V ZheVciVg! eZgd cd hZ [jZ# Cd ]ôd b{h fjZ gdcYVg edg aVh XZgXVc Vh YZa gVcX]d eVgV kdakZg XjVcYd Xdch^YZg eVhVYd Za eZa^\gd# N Vh bjX]dh Y Vh hZ\j^Ydh! ]VhiV fjZ Va Éc aV \ZciZ hZ VXdhijbWg V hj aVhi^bdhV egZhZcX^V n cd ad kdak^ V bdaZhiVg# :gV jcV ig^hiZ gj^cV eZggjcV fjZ YZ_VWV YZ iZcZg eZadh edg iZcZg eja\Vh# BVijhVa c XVc^cd fjZ hZ\ c idYVh aVh VeVg^ZcX^Vh! Zc jc i^Zbed ^cYZÉc^YVbZciZ gZbdid [jZ cZ\gd eVgX]VYd YZ WaVcXd! Xdc Ydh ajcVgZh VbVgâadh Vgg^WV YZ adh d_dh! n fjZ V]dgV cd hZ YZ_VWV kZg aV e^Za V [jZgoV YZ ejgV hVgcV# 6 aV [ZX]V! hZ aZ ejZYZ Xdch^YZgVg Xdbd b^ZbWgd YZ aV [Vbâ^V# :a b{h ]jbâYZ! Za b{h gZh^\cVYd! Za bZcdh Zm^\ZciZ YZ idYdh# =VhiV cdbWgZ i^ZcZ/ adh bjX]VX]dh aZ ]Vc VY_jY^XVYd Za edbedhd YZ CZg c! VciZ XjnV V[gZciV! ÉZa V hjh eg^cXê^dh n XdchZXjZciZ Xdc hj bdYd YZ hZg! cd ]V egdcjcX^VYd jcV eVaVWgV YZ egdiZhiV c^ ]V iZc^Yd aV b{h eZfjZ V bVc^[ZhiVX^ c YZ YZhV\gVYd# K^kZ YZa V^gZ! Xdbd adh XVbVaZdcZh! nV fjZ cd hZ ejZYZc idbVg Zc XjZciV adh h^ZiZ eZYVodh YZ idgiâaV XjW^Zgidh YZ bdiV kZgYZ n b{h Yjgdh fjZ h^ZiZ XjZgcdh Xdc fjZ hZ aZ ]Vc dWhZfj^VYd Zc adh aVg\dh hZ^h V dh fjZ aaZkV YZ k^k^g Zc Za gVcX]d0 c^ VfjZa bdcYd [ bjg YZ iVaijoV fjZ Zc [ZX]V bZbdgVWaZ aZ egdYj_d jcV ^cY^\Zhi^ c# Cd gZXjZgYV ]VWZg Xdb^Yd digV XdhV Zc idYd ZhZ aVg\d eZg dYd# D bZ_dg Y^X]d! cd fj^h^ZgV iZcZg digV XdhV fjZ gZXdgYVg# Edg Z_Zbead! VfjZa XVîZ YZ XjZgd XgjYd! egde^ZYVY ZmXajh^kV YZ Idg^W^d! fjZ! edg jc VWjhd YZ XdcÉVcoV! hZ bZi^ ZcigZ eZX]d n ZheVaYV ]Vg{ XdhV YZ jc V d#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

C^ VfjZaaV dadgdhV WdaV YZ _VW c YZ XjX]Z fjZ! ]VX^V aV b^hbV edXV! h^\j^ ^\jVa XVb^cd! \gVX^Vh V jc YZhXj^Yd YZ aV GZb^\^V! fjZ aV YZ_ dak^YVYV Zc jcV ]dgfjZiV YZa bdaZcYZgd# C^! Zc Éc! VfjZaaV YZa^X^dhV XVcYZaV bZX]dcV! YZ bjX]d i^Zbed Vig{h! Xjnd eVWâd! Xg^heVYd n cZ\gd YZ edakd! eZgbVcZXZ idYVk V Xda\VYd YZ jc XaVkd! Xdbd k^k^ZciZ n bjYd VXjhVYdg# IgZh VigVXdcZh [VWjadhdh fjZ aZ kVa^Zgdc igZh eVaôVh ^cdak^YVWaZh# IVbW^ c i^ZcZ Zc hj VXi^kd ]Vn fjZ YZX^gad idYd jcV aV\Vgi^_V bjZgiV n aVh igêVh YZ jc iVaVed fjZ eZgZX^ k Xi^bV YZ jcV XZgiZgV eZYgVYV YZ Idg^W^d Zc Y V gZbdi h^bd# 6aWZgid G^kVh 7dcâaV hVakVYdgZ d

6 XdbegZcYZg '

8dbZciV hdWgZ adh h^\j^ZciZh ejcidh# GZaVX^ cVadh Xdc Za [gV\bZcid YZ 6cYVcoVh n bVaVcYVcoVh# V# Adh eZghdcV_Zh/ hdc hZgZh fjZ k^kZc YZcigd YZa bjcYd cVggVYd# :a Vjidg adh egZhZciV Xdc XVgVXiZgZh iVc gZVaZh fjZ hZ eVgZXZc V adh YZ aV k^YV Y^Vg^V# W# I^Zbed/ ejZYZ hZg Y^kZghd/ kVg^dh V dh! jc Y V! jcVh ]dgVh# X# :heVX^d/ Zh Za aj\Vg Zc Za fjZ hZ YZhVggdaaV aV VXX^ c n edg Za fjZ hZ bjZkZc adh eZghdcV_Zh# EjZYZ ]VWZg ZheVX^dh jgWVcdh! gjgVaZh! Ydb hi^Xdh! ZiX# Y# :a cVggVYdg/ Zh aV eZghdcV d eZghdcVh fjZ gZaViVc adh VXdciZX^b^Zcidh#

AV cdkZaV Zh jcV dWgV a^iZgVg^V ZmiZchV! Zc egdhV! Zc aV fjZ hZ cVggVc VXdciZX^b^Zcidh ÉXi^X^dh d gZVaZh#

6aWZgid G^kVh 7dc^aaV cVX^ Zc HVciV IZXaV Zc &-.& n bjg^ Zc HVc HVakVYdg Zc &.-*# B Y^Xd YZ egd[Zh^ c! [jZ iVbW^ c hZXgZiVg^d YZ aV 6XVYZb^V HVakVYdgZ V YZ aV AZc\jV! YZXVcd YZ aV ;VXjaiVY YZ =jbVc^YVYZh YZ aV Jc^kZgh^YVY YZ :a HVakVYdg# 6cYVcoVh n bVaVcYVcoVh ]V iZc^Yd kVg^Vh gZZY^X^dcZh n Zh Xdch^YZgVYV Xdbd jcV cdkZaV Xa{h^XV Zc aV ]^hidg^V a^iZgVg^V hVakVYdgZ V#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

(

DWhZgkV Za h^\j^ZciZ dg\Vc^oVYdg \g{ÉXd fjZ gZhjbZ aV aZXijgV VciZg^dg#

HZ Xdck^gi^ Zc b^ZbWgd YZ aV [Vb^a^V! aZ ejh^Zgdc CZg c# :h Za b{h ]jb^aYZ YZ idYdh#

Jc eZggd ÊVXd n YZhXdcdX^Yd aaZ\ Va gVcX]d! h^\j^ZcYd V Idg^W^d#

Adh X^ediZh ad igViVgdc bVa n ad ZheVciVgdc0 eZgd Za eZggd cd hZ [jZ# =VhiV fjZ Va Éc hZ VXdhijbWgVgdc V kZgad#

8Ve ijad & 6cYVcoVh n bVaVcYVcoVh

:gV k^Z_d! eja\dhd n hVgcdhd# Hj eZad! fj^o{h! [jZ cZ\gd Xdc WaVcXd n ijkd ajcVgZh VbVg^aadh#

)

AV cdkZaV 9dc Fj^_diZ YZ aV BVcX]V [jZ ZhXg^iV Zc &+%* n idYVk V Zh bjn [VbdhV# Hj Vjidg aV ZhXg^W^ Zc ZheV da0 eZgd ]V h^Yd igVYjX^YV V bjX]dh ^Y^dbVh! ]VhiV Va _Vedc h#

AZc\jV_Z +

8Vh^ cd aZ YVc YZ XdbZg# Jc Y V hZ Xdb^ jc XV^iZ! digd Y V jc _VW c YZ XjX]Z n ]VhiV jcV XVcYZaV# 8VYV kZo gZX^W^ jcV eVa^oV#

Ad fjZ b{h XdbZ hdc idgi^aaVh YjgVh n ]VXZ bjX]d i^Zbed hZ Xdb^ jcV aV\Vgi^_V n aVh ig^eVh YZ jc e{_Vgd#

AZZ aVh ^chigjXX^dcZh n igVWV_V Zc jc \gjed YZ igZh ^ciZ\gVciZh# &# :hXg^WVc Za Xdb^Zcod YZa eg^bZg XVe ijad YZ hj cdkZaV# '# :a eZghdcV_Z eg^cXêVa i^ZcZ fjZ hZg jc Vc^bVa# (# Jiâ^XZc jcV gZY YZ ^YZVh# )# :hXg^WVc edg ad bZcdh hZ^h e{ggV[dh# *# GZk^hZc Za dgYZc YZ adh hjXZhdh# +# GZk^hZc aV dgid\gV[ V# ,# AZVc ad ZhXgîd V aV XaVhZ#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh

Jc^YVY (

DWhZgkV aVh ^ajhigVX^dcZh n aZZ adh iZmidh#

±FjZ iZc\Vh WjZc k^V_Z

Fj^o{h eVe{ gZ\gZhZ iZbegVcd eVgV fjZ _jZ\jZ Xdcb^\d#

IVa kZo cd hZV XdckZc^ZciZ#

&# HZ VaV Xdc ij YZYd Xj{a Zh Za iZmid fjZ ZmegZhV YZhZd! Za fjZ ZmegZhV edh^W^a^YVY n Za fjZ ZmegZhV YjYV# '# 8dbeVgV Xdc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd! h^ Xd^cX^YZc Zc hj hZaZXX^ c n Y^\Vc edg fj # (# H^ cd Zhi{c YZ VXjZgYd! Y^\Vc edg fj # )# 8de^Zc aVh dgVX^dcZh Zc hjh XjVYZgcdh YZ AZc\jV_Z0 ZhXg^WVc V aV eVg YZ XVYV jcV ad fjZ Xdch^YZgZc fjZ ZmegZhV/ YZhZd! edh^W^a^YVY d YjYV# ?jhi^ÉfjZc hjh gZhejZhiVh# *# 8dbegjZWZc! Xdc hj bVZhigV d bVZhigd! ad fjZ XVYV dgVX^ c ZmegZhV# +# HjWgVnZc adh kZgWdh YZ XVYV dgVX^ c n Xdc_ \jZcadh Zc idYVh aVh eZghdcVh# Edg Z_Zbead/ FjZ iZc\Vh WjZc k^V_Z# 8dc_j\VX^ c/ FjZ nd iZc\V WjZc k^V_Z#$FjZ i iZc\Vh WjZc k^V_Z#$FjZ a iZc\V WjZc k^V_Z#$ FjZ ZaaV iZc\V WjZc k^V_Z#$ ZiX#

±:hZ kZgWd Zhi{ Xdc_j\VYd Zc bdYd hjW_jci^kd

:a bdYd hjW_jci^kd Zc adh kZgWdh hZ jhV eVgV ZmegZhVg YZhZdh! edh^W^a^YVYZh n YjYVh# =Vn ZmegZh^dcZh fjZ h^ZbegZ kVc hZ\j^YVh YZ jc kZgWd Zc bdYd hjW_jci^kd/ Zh cZXZhVg^d fjZ! Zh ^bedgiVciZ fjZ! Zh egZ[Zg^WaZ fjZ! cd XgZd fjZ! YjYd fjZ! d_Va{ fjZ# AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

AZZ n VegZcYZ aV Xdc_j\VX^ c YZ adh i^Zbedh h^beaZh YZa bdYd hjW_jci^kd#

KZgWd/ VbVg 8aVhZ YZ Xdc_j\VX^ c/ [dgbV h^beaZ YZa bdYd hjW_jci^kd I^Zbedh/ egZhZciZ! egZi g^id! [jijgd EZghdcV \gVbVi^XVa

EgZhZciZ

EgZi g^id

VbZ

VbVgV d VbVhZ

VbVgZ

VbZh

VbVgVh d VbVhZh

VbVgZh

wa$ZaaV

VbZ

VbVgV d VbVhZ

VbVgZ

Cdhdigdh$ cdhdigVh

VbZbdh

Vb{gVbdh d Vb{hZbdh

Vb{gZbdh

Kdhdigdh$ kdhdigVh

Vb ^h

VbVgV^h d VbVgZ^h

VbVgZ^h

:aadh$ZaaVh

VbZc

VbVgVc d VbVhZc

VbVgZc

E^ZchV Zc CZg c n ZhXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! aVh dgVX^dcZh fjZ hZ ^cY^XVc! jiâôVcYd aV [dgbV h^beaZ YZa bdYd hjW_jci^kd# DWhZgkV adh Z_Zbeadh/ V# 9dh dgVX^dcZh fjZ ZmegZhZc YZhZd# :_Zbead/ D_Va{ fjZ Idg^W^d bZ YZ_Z XdbZg Za digd XVîZ# W# 9dh dgVX^dcZh fjZ ZmegZhZc edh^Wâ^YVY# :_Zbead/ IVa kZo CZg c hjZ Z Xdc jcV a^cYV eZggîV# X# 9dh dgVX^dcZh fjZ ZmegZhZc YjYV# 9jYd fjZ CZg c hZ ]VnV WV VYd Va\jcV kZo#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh *'

AZc\jV_Z +

;jijgd

Jc^YVY (

AZXX^ c +

CdkZaVh bZbdgVWaZh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

AZZ Za i ijad n XdbZciV/ ¯YZ fj^ c ]VWaV4 ¯Fj gZaVX^ c i^ZcZ Za i ijad Xdc aVh ^b{\ZcZh4

6 aZZg '

AZZ Zc h^aZcX^d#

:a XdcYZ YZ BdciZXg^hid [gV\bZcid ½=Z Vfj kjZhigd XjVgid eVgV ZhiV cdX]Z ½aZ Y^_d Za XVgXZaZgd½# :h nV iVgYZ n Za hZ dg \dWZgcVYdg Zhi{ VXdhiVYd# N VciZh YZ fjZ :YbjcYd 9Vci h ]jW^ZgV eZchVYd Zc XdciZhiVg! VciZh YZ fjZ gZeVgVgV Y cYZ edc V Za eVc Za XVgXZaZgd! VciZh YZ fjZ XdbegZcY^ZhZ Y cYZ ZhiVWV Za X{ciVgd! c^ Zc fj g^cX c ZhiVWV aV eV_V! ]VW V Za XVgXZaZgd Xd\^Yd aV aVbeVgâaV! n XZggVYd aV ejZgiV# 9Vci h ad h^\j^ Xdc aV k^hiV! ZmiZcY^ZcYd adh WgVodh V aV ejZgiV ZcigZVW^ZgiV! eZgd ZhiV hZ XZgg YZ gZeZciZ# :cidcXZh hj eZX]d hZ YZh\Vgg ! edg YZX^gad Vh ! Zc jc ^ciZgb^cVWaZ hdaadod# 8dgg^Zgdc V idggZciZh aVh a{\g^bVh fjZ ]^cX]VWVc hjh ejeâVh0 hZ ejhd YZ gdYâaVh Xdc aV [gZciZ eZ\VYV Va hjZad! n V gZoVg edg aVg\d gVid! gZeVhVcYd Zc hj ^bV\^cVX^ c idYV hj k^YV eVhVYV! n egZ\jci{cYdhZ fj Xg^bZc ]VW V XdbZi^Yd Zc VfjZaaV k^YV iVc XdgiV V c eVgV bZgZXZg iVc Yjgd XVhi^\d! n Vh eVh idYd Za Y V# AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

6a Y V h^\j^ZciZ kdak^ Za XVgXZaZgd Xdc dgYZc YZ YZ_VgaZ Zc Za b^hbd XVaVWdod# 9Vci h c^ h^fj^ZgV hZ ]VW V bdk^Yd YZ h^i^d! Xdbd h^ jcV bVcd YZ ]^Zggd aZ ]jW^ZhZ XaVkVYd Zc a# 6h ]VW V eVhVYd idYV aV cdX]Z/ YZ e^Z! h^c Ydgb^g jc hdad ^chiVciZ# :a XVgXZaZgd aZ Y^d aV ^c[dgbVX^ c n hZ bVgX] #

AV ]^hidg^V YZa XdcYZ YZ BdciZXg^hid i^ZcZ aj\Vg Zc ;gVcX^V! >iVa^V! n kVg^Vh ^haVh YZa BZY^iZgg{cZd! YjgVciZ adh ]ZX]dh ]^hi g^Xdh YZ &-&)"&-(-# IgViV iZbVh Xdbd aV _jhi^X^V! aV kZc\VcoV! aV e^ZYVY n Za eZgY c#

AZc\jV_Z +

JcV ^YZV aZ VidgbZciVWV hdWgZ idYVh# 9jgVciZ Za k^V_Z! ^\cdgVcYd hj YZhi^cd! eZgbVcZX^ igVcfjâd Z ^cb kâ! XjVcYd ejYd bjX]Vh kZXZh Vggd_VghZ Va bVg! YdcYZ \gVX^Vh V fjZ ZgV \gVc cVYVYdg! ]jW^ZgV ZhXVeVYd edg YZWV_d YZa V\jV V aV eZghZXjX^ c YZ adh \jVgY^Vh! n ]j^Yd V jcV ^haV YZh^ZgiV! Xdc aV ZheZgVcoV YZ fjZ Va\ c cVk d \Zcdk h d XViVa{c aZ aaZkVgV V >iVa^V d V :heV V# 9ZhYZ Vaa ZhXg^W^g V V BZgXZYZh fjZ k^c^ZgV V gZjc^ghZ Xdc a# Cd aZ ^cfj^ZiVWV aV b^hZg^V Zc c^c\jcV eVgiZ YZa bjcYd V fjZ [jZhZ! ejZh adh WjZcdh bVg^cdh Zc idYVh hdc gVgdh! h^c XdciVg Xdc fjZ ]VWaVWV Za îVa^Vcd Xdbd jc idhXVcd! n Za ZheV da Xdbd jc XVhiZaaVcd k^Z_d# 9Z ZhiZ bdYd! ejZh! ]VWg V k^k^Yd a^WgZ n [Zaô Xdc BZgXZYZh n Xdc hj eVYgZ! fjZ iVbW^ c hZ aZh _jciVg V! b^ZcigVh Zc aV egZhZciZ hîjVX^ c! ZcXZggVYd Zc Za XVhiâad YZ >c[dgijc^d! h^c ZheZgVcoVh! c^ Vjc Za XdchjZad iZcYg V YZ hVWZg YZ hj eVYgZ n YZ BZgXZYZh# ±N idYd edg ]VWZghZ ÉVYd YZ aVh eVaVWgVh YZ KâaZ[dgi Bdi^kd ZgV eVgV eZgYZg Za _j^X^d# 6aZ_VcYgd 9jbVh [gVcX h

Jc^YVY (

6 XdbegZcYZg (

8dbZciV! Xdc ijh XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh YZ \gjed/ V# ¯Fj^ c Zh Za egdiV\dc^hiV n Xj{aZh hdc adh eZghdcV_Zh hZXjcYVg^dh4 W# ¯Edg fj XgZZh fjZ 9Vci h eZchVWV Zc BZgXZYZh4 X# ¯:a cVggVYdg YZ adh ]ZX]dh Zh dbc^hX^ZciZ d iZhi^\d4 :mea^XV Xdc Z_Zbeadh ij gZhejZhiV# Y# ¯8 bd iZ ^bV\^cVh fjZ ZgV aV X{gXZa4 Z# ¯Fj eVgiZ YZ aV cVggVX^ c iZ eVgZX^ b{h ^ciZgZhVciZ4 ¯Edg fj 4

)

:hXg^WZ Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z jc ÉcVa eVgV :a XdcYZ YZ BdciZXg^hid#

8dbZciV h^ Va\jcd YZ adh h^\j^ZciZh ZaZbZcidh YZ aV cdkZaV hZ bVc^ÉZhiVc Zc Za [gV\bZcid YZ :a XdcYZ YZ BdciZXg^hid# 6ciZh! aZZ YZ fj hZ igViV#

¯=Vh k^hid aVh eZa XjaVh Adh igZh bdhfjZiZgdh d :a XdcYZ YZ BdciZXg^hid4 HZ WVhVc Zc aVh cdkZaVh YZa b^hbd cdbWgZ! ZhXg^iVh Zc &-)) edg 6aZ_VcYgd 9jbVh! jcd YZ adh ZhXg^idgZh [gVcXZhZh b{h aZ Ydh n XdcdX^Ydh#

:YbjcYd 9Vci h Zh jc _dkZc YZ &. V dh fjZ ]V ^Yd V aV X{gXZa edg aV Zck^Y^V YZ Va\jcVh eZghdcVh# :h VggZhiVYd Zc Za b^hbd Y V YZ hj WdYV# :c aV X{gXZa XdcdXZ V ;Vg^Vh! fj^Zc aZ Xdc[ V jc hZXgZid ^cXgZ WaZ# 9Vci h ad\gV ZhXVeVg YZ aV X{gXZa n hZ Xdck^ZgiZ Zc Za XdcYZ YZ BdciZXg^hid#

¸ IZbV/ gZÊZ_V adh ^YZVaZh YZ igVch[dgbVg aV ^c_jhi^X^V Zc _jhi^X^V! Za YZh]dcdg Zc ]dcdg! Za XVji^kZg^d Zc a^WZgiVY# ¸ EZghdcV_Zh/ VigVk^ZhVc edg Y^ÉXjaiVYZh ^cXgZ WaZh# ¸ 6bW^ZciZ/ hdc ZhXZcVg^dh Y^kZghdh YZ edXVh YZiZgb^cVYVh# ¸ 6XX^ c/ bjZhigV jcV ZhigjXijgV ^ciZgcV/ jcV egZhZciVX^ c YZ adh eZghdcV_Zh n Za ZhiVWaZX^b^Zcid YZ aV ]^hidg^V V YZhVggdaaVg! jc cjYd d YZhVggdaad YdcYZ hZ ZmedcZ Za XdcÊ^Xid! jc 6aZ_VcYgd 9jbVh YZhZcaVXZ fjZ egZhZciV aV hdajX^ c YZa XdcÉXid n Za ÉcVa YZ adh cVX^ Zc &-%' n hjXZhdh# bjg^ Zc&-,%# ;jZ cdkZa^hiV

DWhZgkV aVh eVaVWgVh YZhiVXVYVh Zc aVh h^\j^ZciZh ZmegZh^dcZh n YgVbVijg\d YZa eZg dYd YZa iZmid aZ Yd# gdb{ci^Xd# 6 ¾µXdbd h^ jcV bVcd YZ ]^Zggd aZ ]jW^ZhZ XaVkVYd#¿ ¾µ]jW^ZgV ZhXVeVYd edg YZWV_d YZa V\jV#¿ AVh eVaVWgVh YZhiVXVYVh hdc kZgWdh fjZ ZmegZhVc YjYV! hjedh^X^ c d YZhZd# :hi{c Xdc_j\VYdh Zc Za bdYd hjW_jci^kd# Edg ZhiVg [dgbVYdh Xdc Za kZgWd ]VWZg b{h jc kZgWd Zc eVgi^X^e^d! hZ aZh YZcdb^cV [dgbVh XdbejZhiVh#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh

kZXZh hZ aZ aaVbV 9jbVh eVYgZ! YVYd fjZ hj ]^_d hZ aaVbVWV ^\jVa n iVbW^ c [jZ ZhXg^idg#

AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY (

AZZ n VegZcYZ aV Xdc_j\VX^ c YZ aVh [dgbVh XdbejZhiVh YZa bdYd hjW_jci^kd#

KZgWd/ VbVg 8aVhZ YZ Xdc_j\VX^ c/ [dgbV XdbejZhiV YZa bdYd hjW_jci^kd I^Zbedh/ egZhZciZ! egZi g^id! [jijgd EZghdcV \gVbVi^XVa

EgZhZciZ

EgZi g^id

;jijgd

]VnV VbVYd

]jW^ZgV d ]jW^ZhZ VbVYd

]jW^ZgZ VbVYd

]VnVh VbVYd

]jW^ZgVh d ]jW^ZhZh VbVYd

]jW^ZgZh VbVYd

wa$ZaaV

]VnV VbVYd

]jW^ZgV d ]jW^ZhZ VbVYd

]jW^ZgZ VbVYd

Cdhdigdh$ cdhdigVh

]VnVbdh VbVYd

]jW^ gVbdh d ]jW^ hZbdh VbVYd

]jW^ gZbdh VbVYd

JhiZYZh

]Vn{^h VbVYd

]jW^ZgV^h d ]jW^ZhZ^h VbVYd

]jW^ZgZ^h VbVYd

:aadh$ZaaVh

]VnVc VbVYd

]jW^ZgVc d ]jW^ZhZc VbVYd

]jW^ZgZc VbVYd

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! X^cXd dgVX^dcZh V eVgi^g YZ :a XdcYZ YZ BdciZXg^hid! Zc aVh fjZ ZmegZhZh YjYV! YZhZd d cZ\VX^ c# DWhZgkV Za Z_Zbead/ D_Va{ :YbjcYd 9Vci h ]jW^ZgV hVW^Yd ]VX^V Y cYZ ad aaZkVWVc#

:a bdYd YZ adh kZgWdh ZmegZhV aV VXi^ijY YZa fjZ ]VWaV VciZ ad fjZ Y^XZ#

AZc\jV_Z +

DW_Zi^kdh YZa hZ\jcYd ig^bZhigZ JC>969 ) &# EVgi^XêVg Zc YgVbViôVX^dcZh YZ dWgVh d hîjVX^dcZh YZ Xdbjc^XVX^ c Zc aVh fjZ hZ VYk^ZgiV Za jhd YZa XdcdX^b^Zcid YZ iZmidh YgVb{i^Xdh! adh eZghdcV_Zh n aV gZ" egZhZciVX^ c iZVigVa V Éc YZ Zhi^bjaVg aV XVeVX^YVY Xdbjc^XVi^kV n ZmegZh^kV YZ adh ZhijY^VciZh# '# AZZg n ZhXg^W^g iZmidh YgVb{i^Xdh WgZkZh ViZcY^ZcYd V aV ZhigjXijgV YZ aVh dWgVh YgVb{i^XVh Vh Xdbd V hj Y^[ZgZcX^V Xdc aV gZegZhZciVX^ c iZVigVa! bZY^VciZ Za Xdcd" X^b^Zcid YZ hjh ZaZbZcidh n XVgVXiZg hi^XVh Xdc Za egde hîd YZ kVadgVg aV egdYjXX^ c ZhXgîV egde^V n YZ hjh XdbeV Zgdh n YZhVggdaaVg ]VWâ^YVYZh ZmegZh^kVh YZ adh Zhij" Y^VciZh# (# GZYVXiVg iZmidh WgZkZh Zc adh fjZ jiâ^XZ Va\jcdh ZaZbZcidh \gVbVi^XVaZh Xdbd adh hj_Zidh h^beaZ n XdbejZhid! adh egZY^XVYd cdb^cVa n kZgWVa! Vh Xdbd hjh XdbeaZbZc" idh gZheZXi^kdh! V Éc YZ bZ_dgVg aV egdYjXX^ c ZhXgîV Zc XdggZXX^ c n ZmegZh^k^YVY#

JC>969 * &# :hXg^W^g iZmidh ^chigjXX^dcVaZh Vea^XVYdh V Y^kZghVh hîjVX^dcZh YZ aV k^YV Xdi^Y^VcV Xdc Za egde hîd YZ gZhedcYZg V cZXZh^YVYZh YZ Xdbjc^XVX^ c fjZ YZbVcYVc Za Xdcd" X^b^Zcid YZ Y^X]dh iZmidh Zc Y^[ZgZciZh XdciZmidh# '# 9^hZ Vg jc eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa ]VX^ZcYd jhd XdggZXid YZ aVh bVn hXjaVh! adh YZiZgb^" cVciZh XVgY^cVaZh n dgY^cVaZh0 Vh Xdbd Za ZbeaZd YZ Va\jcVh h^\aVh! ^cXajnZcYd Zc aV hZXX^ c ZXdc b^XV Za gZX^Wd! Za X]ZfjZ n hjh Y^[ZgZciZh ZaZbZcidh! Xdc Za Éc YZ [VXâ^" iVg aV ^ciZgVXX^ c hdX^Va Zc VfjZaaVh hîjVX^dcZh fjZ YZbVcYZc Za XdcdX^b^Zcid n jhd YZ Y^X]dh iZmidh# (# :hXjX]Vg ViZciVbZciZ n ZmegZhVg Zc [dgbV dgVa n ZhXgîV iZmidh ^chigjXX^dcVaZh! Zb" eaZVcYd XdggZXiVbZciZ Za bdYd ^beZgVi^kd! adh YZiZgb^cVciZh XVgY^cVaZh n dgY^cVaZh! Va Y^hZ Vg eZfjZ dh ^chigjXi^kdh d eZg^ Y^Xdh bjgVaZh! eVgV gZhedcYZg Zc hj Zcidgcd V Y^[ZgZciZh cZXZh^YVYZh YZ Xdbjc^XVX^ c#

JC>969 + &# AZZg! gZXîVg n bZbdgôVg edZbVh Xdc aV Y^XX^ c! aV ZcidcVX^ c n aV ZmegZh^ c XdgedgVa VYZXjVYVh! YZhVggdaaVcYd Va b^hbd i^Zbed! Za \jhid Zhi i^Xd edg adh b^hbdh n Za \jhid edg aV ZmegZh^k^YVY# '# :hXg^W^g edZbVh! h^\j^ZcYd aV ZhigjXijgV YZ adh b^hbdh n jiâôVcYd Va\jcVh É\jgVh aîZgVg^Vh Xdbd aV bZi{[dgV! Xdc aV ÉcVa^YVY YZ eaVhbVg adh hZci^b^Zcidh n ZbdX^dcZh n YZ ZmegZhVg aV XgZVi^k^YVY Z ^bV\^cVX^ c Xdc ^ciZcX^ c aîZgVg^V# (# >ciZgegZiVg n VcVaôVg iZmidh YZ aV igVY^X^ c dgVa Xdbd WdbWVh! bdY^hbdh n gZ[gVcZh! eVgV kVadgVg aV igVY^X^ c edejaVg! idbVcYd Zc XjZciV Va\jcdh VheZXidh \gVbVi^XVaZh Xdbd Za \gVYd hjeZgaVi^kd YZ adh VY_Zi^kdh! adh egdcdbWgZh n YZiZgb^cVciZh ^ciZggd\V" i^kdh! ZmXaVbVi^kdh Z ^cYZÉc^Ydh! Vh Xdbd aVh ^ciZg_ZXX^dcZh# AZc\jV_Z + *,

Jc^YVY

:a jc^kZghd YgVb{i^Xd

) AZXX^ c &

KVbdh V ZhXZcV

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aV ^bV\Zc n ZmegZhV ad fjZ e^ZchVh fjZ ]Vg{c aVh c^ Vh n adh c^ dh#

6 aZZg '

AZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid#

:a [ iWda n b^ XaVhZ 8Vgaîdh hZ aZkVci bjn iZbegVcd! Y^d adh WjZcdh Y Vh V hj bVYgZ n V hj eVYgZ! aZ ]ôd jcV XVg^X^V V hj eZggd n Xdgg^ V WV VghZ eVgV ^g V hj ZhXjZaV# AjZ\d! hZ k^hi^ ! hZ eZ^c n YZhVnjc # 6a aaZ\Vg V hj ZhXjZaV hVajY V XVYV jcV YZ aVh eZghdcVh fjZ ZcXdcig / V hj Vci^\jd egd[Zhdg! V hjh XdbeV Zgdh n XdbeV ZgVh YZ VjaV n V aV Y^gZXidgV# 8jVcYd aaZ\ V hj ejeîgZ! ZhiVWV iVc XVchVYd YZ XVg\Vg hjh iâZh fjZ YZX^Y^ YZhXVchVg jc bdbZcid VciZh YZ fjZ hdcVgV Za i^bWgZ fjZ ^cY^XV aV ]dgV YZ XaVhZ# EZgd hZ fjZY Ydgb^Yd### Hd VWV fjZ ZhiVWV Zc Za gZXgZd n ]VWaVWV Xdc hjh Vb^\dh# N Zhid Zh ad fjZ XdckZghVWVc/ 86GA>IDH#¼¼¯K^Zgdc Za eVgi^Yd YZ [ iWda VnZg4 ±Fj W^Zc _j\ :a HVakVYdg ?DHw#¼¼H ! eZgd [ _ViZ! fjZ XjVcYd XVh^ ZhiVWV iZgb^cVcYd Za eVgi^Yd! aV hZ Va YZa iZaZk^hdg hZ eZgY^ # 86GA>IDH#¼¼±Fj a{hi^bV fjZ cd edYZbdh XdbZciVg idYd Za eVgi^Yd Xdci^\d ADG:C6#¼¼Cd iZ egZdXjeZh edg Zhd! ?dh 0 cd ]jWd cVYV ^ciZgZhVciZ Va ÉcVa# 86GA>IDH#¼¼:h fjZ cd iZgb^cVhiZ YZ kZgad! ¯VXVhd cd k^hiZ Za ai^bd \da YZ###4 :c ZhZ bdbZcid! cd Zc Za hjZ d h^cd Zc aV gZVa^YVY! aV bVZhigV YZ 8Vgaîdh aZ YZX V/ ¾±9Zhe^ZgiV! YZhe^ZgiV! ]Zbdh XdbZcoVYd aV XaVhZ ¿# *- AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY )

(

)

:c eVgZ_V! gZhedcYVc V aVh h^\j^ZciZh egZ\jciVh/ V# ¯8gZZc fjZ edYg Vc gZegZhZciVg aV ]^hidg^V YZ 8Vga^idh Xdbd h^ Zhijk^ZgV hjXZY^ZcYd Zc ZhZ bdbZcid eVgV fjZ aV XaVhZ aV k^ZgV4 W# ¯9 cYZ n X bd ad ]Vg Vc4 X# ¯Fj cZXZh^iVg Vc4 Y# ¯Fj iZbVh YZ aV k^YV ZhXdaVg hZ ejZYZc gZegZhZciVg4

:c jcV YgVbViôVX^ c ejZYZh _j\Vg Xdc aV âjb^cVX^ c! Za kZhijVg^d! adh hdc^Ydh n Za bVfjâaV_Z#

8dc aV dg^ZciVX^ c YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! gZegZhZciV Za iZmid YZ aV e{\^cV VciZg^dg# H^\jZ adh eVhdh h^\j^ZciZh/ &# >ci \gViZ V jc \gjed YZ X^cXd XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh# '# 9ZX^YVc fj kVc V jiâôVg eVgV gZegZhZciVgad# (# 6h^\cZc adh eZghdcV_Zh# )# :chVnZc# *# GZegZhZciZc Za ZhXgîd VciZ digd \gjed#

AV YgVbViôVX^ c Zh aV gZegZhZciVX^ c YZ VXX^dcZh V igVk h YZ jc Y^{ad\d d jc bdc ad\d# HZ ejZYZc YgVbViôVg Y^[ZgZciZh iZmidh! Xdbd XjZcidh! edZbVh! d iVbW^ c hîjVX^dcZh YZ aV k^YV Xdi^Y^VcV# :a Y^{ad\d hZ YV XjVcYd ^ciZgVXi Vc kVg^dh eZghdcV_Zh0 n Za bdc ad\d ad Y^XZ jc hdad eZghdcV_Z#

AZc\jV_Z + *.

Jc^YVY ) *

HZ\ c Za c bZgd YZ c XaZdh fjZ iZc\V! Za hj_Zid YZ jcV dgVX^ c ejZYZ hZg h^beaZ d XdbejZhid#

8dbZciV! Zc eVgZ_V! adh ZaZbZcidh fjZ hZ YZWZc idbVg Zc XjZciV Va ZhXg^W^g iZmidh eVgV YgVbViôVg# • I ijad/ cdbWgZ YZa iZmid# • IZbV/ ^YZV d ^YZVh XZcigVaZh# • 8dcÊ^Xid/ idYV hîjVX^ c YZ X]dfjZ! YZhVXjZgYd! eZgbVcZciZ dedh^X^ c d ajX]V ZcigZ eZghdcVh d XdhVh# HZ YZÉcZ edg Za Zc[gZciVb^Zcid YZ Ydh [jZgoVh XdcigVg^Vh! Xdc[gdciVX^ c YZ Ydh d b{h eZghdcV_Zh! k^h^dcZh YZa bjcYd d VXiîjYZh VciZ jcV b^hbV hîjVX^ c# • EZghdcV_Zh/ XVYV jcd YZ adh hZgZh ]jbVcdh! hdWgZcVijgVaZh! h^bW a^Xdh! Vc^bVaZh Z! ^cXajhd! dW_Zidh YZ jcV dWgV YgVb{i^XV# • :heVX^d/ aj\Vg gZegZhZciVYd Zc aV dWgV YgVb{i^XV/ jcV ]VWîVX^ c! jcV eaVnV! jc gZhiVjgVciZ! ZiX# • I^Zbed/ gZegZhZciVYd Zc aV dWgV/ ]dgVh! Y Vh! bZhZh! V dh# • EVgaVbZcidh/ Zh Za iZmid fjZ Y^XZc adh eZghdcV_Zh#

AZZ aVh h^\j^ZciZh dgVX^dcZh/ • 8Vga^idh hVajYV Va aZkVciVghZ# • 8Vga^idh n ?dh k^Zgdc Za eVgi^Yd# JcV dgVX^ c Zh jc Xdc_jcid YZ eVaVWgVh fjZ ZmegZhVc jc bZchV_Z XdbeaZid# I^ZcZ Ydh eVgiZh/ Za hj_Zid n Za egZY^XVYd# :a hj_Zid Zh YZ fj^Zc hZ ]VWaV Zc aV dgVX^ c n Za egZY^XVYd! ad fjZ hZ Y^XZ YZa hj_Zid#

DWhZgkV Za hj_Zid YZ XVYV jcV YZ aVh h^\j^ZciZh dgVX^dcZh# 8Vga^idh hVajYV Va aZkVciVghZ# C XaZd Hj_Zid h^beaZ EgZY^XVYd 8Vga^idh n ?dh k^Zgdc Za eVgi^Yd# C XaZd C XaZd Hj_Zid XdbejZhid EgZY^XVYd

:hXg^WZ n YZhVggdaaV! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jcV ]^hidg^V fjZ iZ \jhiVg V YgVbVi^oVg# >YZci^ÉXV n hjWgVnV! Zc XVYV jcV YZ aVh dgVX^dcZh YZ ij ZhXg^id! Za hj_Zid h^beaZ n Za hj_Zid XdbejZhid#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh +% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY )

AZXX^ c '

:a bjcYd YgVb{i^Xd

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

:megZhV ad fjZ e^ZchVh Va dWhZgkVg aVh ^b{\ZcZh n Za i ijad YZa iZmid#

6 aZZg '

AZZ Xdc ViZcX^ c Za iZmid#

:a \dggd YZ XVhXVWZaZh VYVeiVX^ c Eg^bZg VXid HVaV YZ eVaVX^d

GZn#¼¼±6n! Vn! Vn 8VcXâaZg#¼¼¯Fj aZ eVhV! hZ dg4 GZn#¼¼:hidn ig^hiZ# 8VcXâaZg#¼¼EjZh cd i^ZcZh bdi^kdh eVgV ZhiVgad# :gZh Za bZ_dg gZn YZa bZ_dg eV h YZa bjcYd! ]VWîVYd edg aV \ZciZ bZ_dg n b{h [Zaô# GZn#¼¼±6n! Vn :gZh jc bZci^gdhd# Edg Zhd Zhidn ig^hiZ# IdYdh bZ Zc\V Vc# Nd fj^h^ZgV hVWZg h^ZbegZ aV kZgYVY! eZgd idYdh bZ Y^XZc bZci^gVh# ±6n! Vn 8VcXâaZg#¼¼7^Zc! hZ dg! cd h^\Vh ig^hiZ# 6 eVgi^g YZ V]dgV! hdad iZ Y^gZbdh aV kZgYVY# GZn#¼¼N h^ hZ XVaaVc! XVcXâaZg! Za XVg\d iZ YjgVg{ edXd# Cd fj^Zgd XVcXâaZgZh bZci^gdhdh# 9 \VcaZ Va bVZhigd YZ b h^XV fjZ eVhZ# AZc\jV_Z + +&

Jc^YVY )

8VcXâaZg#¼¼BVZhigd! ejZYZ eVhVg# BVZhigd#¼¼ =VXZ jcV gZkZgZcX^V # ±HZ dg GZn#¼¼:a XVcid Zh b^ YZWâ^YVY# :a XVcid n aV edZh V# 8dc bdYZhi^V # Adh kZghdh YZ ZhiV XVcX^ c hdc b dh# Cd h h^ YVg jc gZXîVa# BVZhigd#¼¼ 6YjaVYdg # HZ dg! hZg V jcV d[ZchV eVgV ijh h WYîdh cd ajX^g ijh XjVa^YVYZh# GZn#¼¼ Dg\jaadhd # BZ ]VaV\V! bVZhigd# KZc\V! V igVWV_Vg! ZbeZXZbdh# Bjn \gdiZhXd! ejZh cd i^ZcZ kdo c^ d Yd! Zbe^ZoVc V XVciVg # 7ZaaV YVbV YZ gZYdcYV XVgV! YZ gZYdcYV XVgV! Xdbd aV AjcV! aV! aV! aV! aV! aV! aVµ ¯Fj aZ eVgZXZc b^ kdo n b^h kZghdh4 8VcXâaZg#¼¼Adh kZghdh bVa h^bdh0 n aV kdo! ZheVcidhV# GZn#¼¼¯8 bd4 ¯Fj ]Vh Y^X]d4 8VcXâaZg#¼¼FjZ adh kZghdh cd ]Vn fj^Zc adh gZh^hiV n fjZ aV kdo Zh ^ggîVciZ# GZn#¼¼±N i fj hVWZh! idgeZ ±KVbdh! fj VigZk^b^Zcid 8VcXâaZg! ZgZh jc ^\cdgVciZ# N jc ]dbWgZ iVc ^\cdgVciZ cd h^gkZ eVgV XVcXâaZg# CdbWgVg V digd eVgV Za XVg\d# Cd h^gkZh# 8VcXâaZg#¼¼EZgd hZ dg! ¯cd fjZg Vh hVWZg h^ZbegZ aV kZgYVY4 GZn#¼¼8^Zgid# EZgd i cd Y^XZh aV kZgYVY# BZ ]Vh d[ZcY^Yd# ±9ZX^g fjZ b^ kdo Zh ZheVcidhV ±=VWgVhZ k^hid 8VcXâaZg#¼¼GZXdcdoXd b^ ^\cdgVcX^V# EZgY c# :a XVg\d edg [Vkdgµ GZn#¼¼CVYV YZ XVg\dh# Ad eZgY^hiZ idYd# EZgdµ ZheZgV# 7 hXVbZ V jc ]dbWgZ fjZ bZ Y^\V h^ZbegZ aV kZgYVY h^c d[ZcYZgbZ n iZ YZkdakZg Za XVg\d# EjZYZh bVgX]VgiZ# 8VcXâaZg#¼¼ HVa^ZcYd# 6 ZhiZ gZn cd ]Vn fj^ c ad V\jVciZ ¯9 cYZ kdn V ZcXdcigVg nd V jc ]dbWgZ fjZ aZ Y^\V h^ZbegZ aV kZgYVY h^c d[ZcYZgad4 EZgdµ iZc\d fjZ ZcXdcigVgad! d bZ fjZYVg h^c XVg\d# +' AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY )

HZ\jcYd VXid JcV eaVoV YZa ejZWad# <ZciZ fjZ eVhV# Digdh fjZ ]VWaVc Zc eZfjZ dh \gjedh# :a 7J;ÙC kV n k^ZcZ YZ jc aVYd V digd 7j[ c#¼¼ 6 jc b^g c # D]! _dkZc hZ dg! fjZ i^gVh Za Y^cZgd n aV ]VX^ZcYV YZ ijh eVYgZh! jcV bdcZYV eVgV Za Wj[ c YZ adh XVhXVWZaZh# ?dkZc#¼¼ G^ZcYd # IdbV! XVhXVWZa# 7j[ c#¼¼N i ! WjZcV bdoV! fjZ iZ eVhVh Y V n cdX]Z VciZ Za ZheZ_d n YZ_Vh fjZ hZ ejYgV aV ZhXdWV Zc jc g^cX c! jcV bdcZYV eVgV Za Wj[ c# BjX]VX]V#¼¼±=^! ]^! ]^ IdbV! idciV^cV# 8VcXâaZg#¼¼ EVgV h # ±EjZh cd eVgZXZ iVc idciV^cV ±Fj W^Zc aZh Y^XZ aV kZgYVY 7j[ c#¼¼ 6A 86C8>AA:G # N jhiZY! hZ dg egZdXjeVYd! YZ_Z adh egdWaZbVh n YZbZ iVbW^ c jcV bdcZYV# ±Cd edg ZaaV kV V hZg b{h edWgZ 8VcXâaZg#¼¼Cd# IZc\d Va\d bZ_dg eVgV i^# K^k^g{h Zc jc eVaVX^d# HZg{h Za Vb^\d YZa GZn# IZgXZg VXid GZXZeX^ c YZ aV hVaV YZa eVaVX^d# :a GZn VXVWV YZ YVg jc gZXîVa n idYdh adh Vh^hiZciZh VeaVjYZc BVg V CdkZaa ZheV daV

(

GZhedcYZ Zc eVgZ_V# V# ¯9 cYZ hZ YZhVggdaaV aV VXX^ c eg^cXêVa4 W# ¯Edg fj Za GZn ZhiVWV iVc ig^hiZ4 X# ¯Fj XdcY^X^ c aZ ejhd Za GZn Va 8VcXâaZg eVgV YZkdakZgaZ hj XVg\d4 Y# ¯Fj egdejZhiV aZ ]VXZ Za 8VcXâaZg Va 7j[ c4 Z# ¯Fj XgZZh fjZ edYg V dXjgg^g Zc Za iZgXZg VXid4

HZ aZ aaVbV YgVbVijg\d V fj^Zc ZhXg^WZ iZmidh YgVb{i^Xdh# :cigZ adh \gVcYZh YgVbVijg\dh iZcZbdh V L^aa^Vb H]V`ZheZVgZ! fj^Zc ZhXg^W^ dWgVh Xdbd GdbZd n ?ja^ZiV! =VbaZi! DiZad! ZiX#

AZc\jV_Z + +(

Jc^YVY )

AZZ aV h^\j^ZciZ ^c[dgbVX^ c fjZ VeVgZXZ Zc XVYV VXid#

)

Eg^bZg VXid HVaV YZ eVaVX^d

; _ViZ X bd Zhi{ Y^k^Y^Yd :a \dggd YZ XVhXVWZaZh#

HZ\jcYd VXid JcV eaVoV YZa ejZWad# <ZciZ fjZ eVhV# Digdh fjZ ]VWaVc Zc eZfjZ dh \gjedh# :a 7j[ c kV n k^ZcZ YZ jc aVYd V digd IZgXZg VXid GZXZeX^ c YZ aV hVaV YZa eVaVX^d# :a GZn VXVWV YZ YVg jc gZX^iVa n idYdh adh Vh^hiZciZh VeaVjYZc :a iZmid YgVb{i^Xd Zhi{ Y^k^Y^Yd Zc VXidh! fjZ cdgbVabZciZ hdc igZh n h^gkZc eVgV hZeVgVg adh bdbZcidh YZcigd YZ aV ]^hidg^V ^c^X^d! cjYd n YZhZcaVXZ # 9Zcigd YZ adh VXidh! iVbW^ c ]Vn digVh Y^k^h^dcZh b{h eZfjZ Vh! fjZ hdc aVh ZhXZcVh# AVh ZhXZcVh Xdb^ZcoVc d iZgb^cVc XjVcYd jc eZghdcV_Z cjZkd ZcigV d hVaZ YZa ZhXZcVg^d#

6 ZhXg^W^g *

:hXg^WZ jc gZhjbZc VXZgXV YZ fj igViV XVYV VXid# =Voad Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z#

>ckZciV jc YZhZcaVXZ eVgV :a \dggd YZ XVhXVWZaZh iZgXZg VXid # EjZYZh XgZVg cjZkdh eZghdcV_Zh# =Voad Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z#

+) AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY )

8dc ijh XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh! n Xdc aV VnjYV YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! dg\Vc oViZ n egZeVgV aV gZegZhZciVX^ c iZVigVa YZ aV dWgV :a \dggd YZ XVhXVWZaZh# GZXjZgYV idbVg Zc XjZciV adh h^\j^ZciZh VheZXidh/ • AV ZhXZcd\gV[ V#

• AV Vh^\cVX^ c YZ adh eZghdcV_Zh n hj YZhXg^eX^ c ejZYZh XVbW^Vg adh cdbWgZh # • :chVnVg egZk^VbZciZ eVgV VegZcYZgiZ adh Y^{ad\dh YZ XVYV eZghdcV_Z# • IZcZg idYdh adh gZXjghdh a^hidh eVgV aV ZhXZcd\gV[ V YZ aV dWgV#

AV ZhXZcd\gV[ V hdc idYdh adh ZaZbZcidh k^hjVaZh fjZ hZ ZcXjZcigVc YZcigd YZa ZhXZcVg^d/ YZXdgVYd! ^ajb^cVX^ c! kZhijVg^d n idYd ad fjZ hZ XdcdXZ Xdbd ji^aZg V dW_Zidh n ZchZgZh fjZ hZ ZbeaZVc! Xdbd/ bjZWaZh! iVoVh! ZiX# #

DWhZgkV aV eVgiZ YZhiVXVYV YZ aVh dgVX^dcZh ZmigV YVh YZ aV dWgV :a \dggd YZ XVhXVWZaZh# GZhedcYZ/ ¯X bd hZ aaVbV ZhV eVgiZ YZ aV dgVX^ c4 Hj gdhigd Zh [Zd# :a gZn Y^d jc gZX^iVa#

:a egZY^XVYd Zh aV eVgiZ YZ aV dgVX^ c Zc aV fjZ hZ Y^XZ Va\d YZa hj_Zid# :m^hiZc Ydh XaVhZh YZ egZY^XVYd/ cdb^cVa n kZgWVa#

AZc\jV_Z + +*

Jc^YVY )

AZZ aVh h^\j^ZciZh dgVX^dcZh n [ _ViZ Zc adh kZgWdh#

¯:ciZcYZg Vh aVh dgVX^dcZh d iZcYg Vc hZci^Yd XdbeaZid h^ hdad Y^_ZgVh/ :a Wj[ c Zh# :a gZn Zhi{# :hZ ]dbWgZ eVgZXZ4

:a Wj[ c Zh igVk^Zhd#

:a gZn Zhi{ Zcd_VYd#

:hZ ]dbWgZ eVgZXZ WjZc XVcX^aaZg#

:a egZY^XVYd cdb^cVa Zhi{ [dgbVYd edg jcd YZ adh igZh kZgWdh XdejaVi^kdh Zc Za ^Y^dbV ZheV da/ hZg! ZhiVg n eVgZXZg# 9Zhej h YZa kZgWd! ejZYZ hZ\j^g jc hjhiVci^kd d jc VY_Zi^kd fjZ YZhZbeZ Vc aV [jcX^ c YZ Vig^Wjid# :a Vig^Wjid ^YZci^ÉXV n XjVa^ÉXV Va hj_Zid#

6]dgV! _jcid V ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! VcVa^oV Za egZY^XVYd YZ aVh dgVX^dcZh#

++ AZc\jV_Z +

:a Wj[ c Zh igVk^Zhd# C XaZd 8 ejaV 6ig^Wjid Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd cdb^cVa :a gZn Zhi{ VaZ\gZ# C XaZd 8 ejaV 6ig^Wjid Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd cdb^cVa

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! YZ fj igViV :a \dggd YZ XVhXVWZaZh# JhV! Va bZcdh! X^cXd dgVX^dcZh Xdc kZgWdh XdejaVi^kdh n hjh Vig^Wjidh# 9^k^YZ aVh eVgiZh YZ aVh dgVX^dcZh iVa Xdbd hZ ]V ]ZX]d Zc adh Z_Zbeadh VciZg^dgZh#

Jc^YVY )

AZZ aVh h^\j^ZciZh dgVX^dcZh n igViV YZ ZhiVWaZXZg Zc fj hZ Y^[ZgZcX^Vc YZ aVh VciZg^dgZh#

:a \Vid bVjaa # C XaZd C XaZd Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

±Bbb] 8gZd fjZ hZ Y^[ZgZcX^Vc Zc fjZ hjh kZgWdh cd hdc XdejaVi^kdh! edgfjZ cd hdc hZg! ZhiVg d eVgZXZg#

:a gZn Y^d jc gZX^iVa# C XaZd C XaZd 8dbeaZbZcid Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

:a XVcX^aaZg XVb^cVWV edg aV eaVoV C XaZd C XaZd 8dbeaZbZcid Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa Adh kZgWdh egZY^XVi^kdh ZmegZhVc h^ZbegZ jcV VXX^ c#

:a egZY^XVYd kZgWVa Zh VfjZa fjZ Zhi{ [dgbVYd edg jc kZgWd egZY^XVi^kd XjVafj^Zg kZgWd fjZ cd hZV XdejaVi^kd Xdbd WV^aVg! YVg! XdbZg! Ydgb^g! ZiX#! fjZ ejZYZ d cd ZhiVg hZ\j^Yd YZ digVh eVaVWgVh fjZ XdbeaZbZciVc Va kZgWd#

>ckZciV n ZhXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jc Y^{ad\d ZcigZ Za gZn n Za XVcX^aaZg# 6hZ\ gViZ YZ fjZ ^cXajnV! Va bZcdh! X^cXd dgVX^dcZh Xdc egZY^XVYd kZgWVa# 9^k^YZ aVh eVgiZh YZ aVh dgVX^dcZh Xdbd hZ ]V ]ZX]d Zc adh Z_Zbeadh VciZg^dgZh#

AZc\jV_Z + +,

Jc^YVY )

AZXX^ c (

9Z g^hVh n aaVcidh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

AZZ Za i ijad YZa iZmid# GZhedcYZ/ ¯X bd edYg V jc e XVgd hZg WjgaVYd4

6 aZZg '

Dg\Vc oViZ Zc jc \gjed n! Xdc aV dg^ZciVX^ c YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! aZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid YgVb{i^Xd#

:a e XVgd WjgaVYd VYVeiVX^ c EZghdcV_Zh/ 6cjcX^VYdgV <VaZg^iV CVg^\ c :a 8db^hVg^d

Eg^bZg VXid :c jc WdhfjZ

6CJC8>69DG6#¼¼ 6Wg^ZcYd Za iZa c Xdc aVh bVcdh# GZheZiVWaZ e Wa^Xd! YVbVh! XVWVaaZgdh n c^ dh# KZg{c aV dWgV iîjaVYV/ ¾8] beZiZ! X]{beViV¿ d ¾:a e XVgd WjgaVYd¿# :c ZhiV k^Z_V ]^hidg^V! YdcYZ ^ciZgk^ZcZc adh h^\j^ZciZh eZghdcV_Zh/ CVg^\ c! <VaZgîV n Za 8db^hVg^d! Za e XVgd hVaZ WjgaVYd# K^ZcYd n dnZcYd! b^gVcYd n ZhXjX]VcYd! jhiZYZh! YVbVh n XVWVaaZgdh! c^ dh n c^ Vh! kVc V gZ g Xdc idYVh hjh \VcVh EVjhV# N Zh Vfj ! ZcigZ Zhidh {gWdaZh hZ VaV jcdh {gWdaZh ! YdcYZ CVg^\ c hZ ZcXjZcigV Xdc <VaZgîV n Za 8db^hVg^d# N Xdbd nd cd iZc\d cVYV b{h fjZ YZX^g! hVajYd Va gZheZiVWaZ e Wa^Xd hVajYV ^cXa^cVcYd aV XVWZoV n bZ kdn# HVaZ edg aV YZgZX]V# C6G><ÙC#¼¼ :cigV edg aV ôfj^ZgYV# ;aVXd! cVg^\ c! jcdh W^\diZh gVadh n jc bZX] c YZ eZadh XjWg^ cYdaZ aV [gZciZ# :hiV bV VcV bZ aZkVci bjn iZbegVcd# Idb jcV iVoV YZ XV[ n YZhej h hVa YZ b^ XVhV eVgV ^g V igVWV_Vg# >WV XVb^cVcYd edg aV XVaaZ! bjn XdciZcid# N b^ZcigVh ^WV XVb^cVcYd! XVciVWV n hâWVWV# 8Vb^cV n iVgVgZV jcV XVcX^ c# +- AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY )

9Z egdcid! Va XgjoVg aV eaVoV! bZ ZcXdcig Xdc jc {gWda! n Va e^Z YZa {gWda Xdc jcV WdahV# Nd! fjZ hdn bjn Xjg^dhd! Y^_Z/ ¾KVbdh V kZg fj ]Vn VYZcigd YZ aV WdahV¿# BZ VXZgfj 0 VWg aV WdahV! n k^ fjZ ZhiVWV aaZcV YZ cVgVc_Vh# Idb jcV cVgVc_V n bZ aV Xdb ! eZgd bZ Y^_Z/ ¾EVgV fj kdn V ZhiVg Xdb^ZcYd cVgVc_Vh Zc aV eaVoV# BZ_dg aaZkd aV WdahV V b^ XVhV! n Xdbd idYVh aVh cVgVc_Vh fjZ fj^ZgV¿# 8Zgg aV WdahV! aV ZX] hdWgZ jc ]dbWgd n! _jhid Zc ZhZ bdbZcid! Za 8db^hVg^d! fjZ ZhiVWV ZhXdcY^Yd YZig{h YZ jc {gWda! \gî / ¾±9Z_Z ZhV WdahV! fjZ cd Zh hjnV ¿# N nd hVa Xdgg^ZcYd Xdc aV WdahV Va ]dbWgd# 8gjX aV eaVoV# 9dWa aV XVWZoV n k^ Va 8db^hVg^d fjZ kZc V bdciVYd Zc jc XVWVaad WaVcXd# HZ\j Xdgg^ZcYd n aaZ\j V b^ XVhV# HjW aVh ZhXVaZgVh# :hXdcY aV WdahV YZWV_d YZ b^ XVbV n bZ Vhdb V aV kZciVcV# Nd Zhe^VWV n bZ ZhXdcY V# :he^VWV n bZ ZhXdcY V# N eVh Za 8db^hVg^d bdciVYd Zc Za XVWVaad# N bZ ZhXdcY # EVjhV# 6]dgV iZc\d b^ZYd# IZc\d b^ZYd YZ fjZ Za 8db^hVg^d bZ gZXdcdoXV n bZ aaZkZ egZhd# NV bZ Xdb cdkZciV n dX]d cVgVc_Vh# ±N fj g^XVh ZhiVWVc EVgZX Vc YZ b^Za# EZgd eVgV fjZ cd bZ gZXdcdoXV Za 8db^hVg^d! bZ e^ci Zhidh W^\diZh! bZ eZ^c Za eZad eVgV VYZaVciZ n bZ XVbW^ aV XVb^hV# EZgd bZ kV V gZXdcdXZg edg aV cVgô# HZ VaV ]VX^V aV YZgZX]V# ±Fj hjZgiZ Edg Vaa k^ZcZ b^ Vb^\d <VaZgîV# Ad kdn V aaVbVg# AZ kdn V eZY^g fjZ bZ ZchZ Z fj ejZYd ]VXZg eVgV Zc\V Vg Va 8db^hVg^d# AaVbV# ±<VaZgîV ±<VaZgîV

EjZYZh edcZg Zc _jZ\d ij ^bV\^cVX^ c n YgVbVi^oVg Xdc i iZgZh#

HZ\jcYd VXid :c aV XVaaZ XZgXV YZa WdhfjZ <6A:G>I6#¼¼ :cigV edg aV YZgZX]V# I^ZcZ jc hdbWgZgd YZ eV_V! d_dh hVaidcZh n jcV ZcdgbZ WdXV edg YdcYZ VhdbVc jcdh Y^ZciZh aVg\dh fjZ eVgZXZc aVh iZXaVh YZ jc e^Vcd# ±6b^\d ±B^ fjZg^Yd Vb^\d C6G><ÙC#¼¼ 6WgVo{cYdad# ±6b^\d ±B^ fjZg^Yd Vb^\d ±6n YZbZ <6A:G>I6#¼¼8dc bjX]d \jhid# EVgV Zhd Zhi{c adh Vb^\dh# 8j ciZbZ# ¯Fj aZ dXjggZ4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼H ! <VaZgîV! cVgVc_Vh# JcVh cVgVc_Vh \gVcYZh n YjaXZh Xdbd aV b^Za# BZ ZX] aV WdahV Va ]dbWgd n Za 8db^hVg^d! fjZ ZhiVWV YZig{h YZ jc {gWda! \gî / ¾±9Z_Z ZhV WdahV! fjZ cd Zh hjnV ¿# <6A:G>I6#¼¼N YZ_ aV WdahV# ±Fj a{hi^bV C6G><ÙC#¼¼Cd! <VaZgîV! cd# Nd bZ ZX] V XdggZg Xdc aV WdahV Va ]dbWgd! n ZhXVe # IZc\d aV WdahV W^Zc \jVgYVYV# N fj^Zgd fjZ jhiZY bZ VnjYZ# ¯Fj ]V\d! <VaZgîV4 <6A:G>I6#¼¼Nd ad VnjYVg 0 eZgd Xdc jcV XdcY^X^ c# AZc\jV_Z + +.

Jc^YVY )

C6G><ÙC#¼¼Ad fjZ jhiZY fj^ZgV! <VaZgîV# <6A:G>I6#¼¼Nd aZ ZchZ Vg X bd ejZYZ WjgaVg Va 8db^hVg^d# C6G><ÙC#¼¼BjX]Vh \gVX^Vh! b^ fjZg^Yd Vb^\d# <6A:G>I6#¼¼AV XdcY^X^ c Zh aV h^\j^ZciZ/ jcV kZo fjZ jhiZY ]VnV ad\gVYd WjgaVg Va 8db^hVg^d! i^ZcZ fjZ igVZg aV WdahV Vfj ! n gZeVgi^gcdh aVh cVgVc_Vh edg eVgiZh ^\jVaZh# JcV eVgV jhiZY! digV eVgV b # ¯Fj aZ eVgZXZ4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼BZ eVgZXZ bjn W^Zc# N nd! ¯fj iZc\d fjZ ]VXZg4 <6A:G>I6#¼¼:h bjn hZcXâad# 8jVcYd kZV aaZ\Vg Va 8db^hVg^d jhiZY hZ ]VXZ Za fjZ cd ad XdcdXZ# :a 8db^hVg^d kV V ^ciZggd\Vgad n jhiZY! V XVYV egZ\jciV fjZ aZ ]V\V! gZhedcYZ Xdc ZhiVh eVaVWgVh/ ¾X] beZiZ! X]{beViV¿# Edg Z_Zbead/ Za 8db^hVg^d aZ egZ\jciV X bd hZ aaVbV! jhiZY Y^XZ/ ¾X] beZiZ¿0 aZ egZ\jciV Y cYZ k^kZ! jhiZY Y^XZ/ ¾X]{beViV¿# N h^ZbegZ ad b^hbd/ ¾X] beZiZ! X]{beViV¿# C6G><ÙC#¼¼8]{beViV! X] beZiZ# <6A:G>I6#¼¼8] beZiZ! X]{beViV# N Vh ad\gVg{ WjgaVg Va 8db^hVg^d# N YZhej h! jhiZY n nd! Xdbd WjZcdh Vb^\dh! cdh gZeVgi^bdh aVh cVgVc_Vh# JcV eVgV jhiZY! digV eVgV b # C6G><ÙC#¼¼ >ciZggjbe^ cYdad# ±6] k^ZcZ Za 8db^hVg^d ±AVh eVaVWgVh ±Dak^Y aVh eVaVWgVh <6A:G>I6#¼¼¾8] beZiZ! X]{beViV#¿ 8dggZ n YZhVeVgZXZ edg aV YZgZX]V# 8DB>H6G>D#¼¼ :cigV edg aV ôfj^ZgYV# <dgYd! d_dh eZfjZ dh n jcdh W^\diZh YZ gVi c# ±AVh cVgVc_Vh ¯9 cYZ Zhi{c aVh cVgVc_Vh4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8] beZiZ 8DB>H6G>D#¼¼ :c g\^Xd# ±9ZbZ aV WdahV Xdc aVh cVgVc_Vh C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8]{beViV 8DB>H6G>D#¼¼¯8 bd hZ aaVbV jhiZY4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8] beZiZ 8DB>H6G>D/ ¯8 bd4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8]{beViV 8DB>H6G>D/ ¯9 cYZ k^kZ4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8] beZiZ 8DB>H6G>D#¼¼¯9 cYZ4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8]{beViV 8DB>H6G>D#¼¼±8dciZhiZ W^Zc AZkVciVcYd aV kdo# ¯JhiZY hVWZ fj^ c hdn nd4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8] beZiZ 8DB>H6G>D#¼¼¯8 bd4 ¯FjZ nd hdn 8] beZiZ4 Nd hdn Za 8d"b^"hV"g^d# C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8]{beViV 8DB>H6G>D#¼¼¯Fj fj^ZgZ YZX^g ¾X]{beViV¿4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8] beZiZ 8DB>H6G>D#¼¼¯Fj fj^ZgZ YZX^g ¾X] beZiZ¿4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8]{beViV 8DB>H6G>D#¼¼ 9V jc eVhd Vig{h n dWhZgkV YZiZc^YVbZciZ V C6G><ÙC# Cd0 Zhidn Zfj^kdXVYd# 9^g^\^ cYdhZ Va e Wa^Xd# :hiZ i^ZcZ ÊZfjâad0 ,% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY )

VfjZa cd iZc V ÊZfjâad# :hiZ i^ZcZ W^\diZh0 VfjZa cd iZc V W^\diZh# wa cd [jZ fj^Zc gdW aVh cVgVc_Vh# 6 C6G><ÙC# ¯Cd k^d eVhVg V jc ]dbWgZ Xdc jcV WdahV Va ]dbWgd4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8] beZiZ :a 8DB>H6G>D HVaZ edg aV YZgZX]V# C6G><ÙC b^gV ]VX^V ZhZ aVYd# ±HZ [jZ ±HZ [jZ <6A:G>I6#¼¼ :cigV edg aV ôfj^ZgYV g^ cYdhZ V XVgXV_VYVh# ±Fj g^hVh! XdbeV Zgd Ad [Za^Xîd# Nd ZhiVWV ZhXdcY^Yd Vaa hZ VaV jc {gWda ! YZig{h YZ ZhZ {gWda! n ZhXjX] idYV aV XdckZghVX^ c# B gZad adh Ydh b^gVc ]VX^V aV YZgZX]V ! edg Vaa{ kV Za 8db^hVg^d# EVjhV# N V]dgV! Xdbd ]VW Vbdh XdckZc^Yd! kVnV V WjhXVg aV WdahV n V gZeVgi^g aVh cVgVc_Vh# JcV eVgV jhiZY! digV eVgV b # ¯9 cYZ i^ZcZ aV WdahV Xdc aVh cVgVc_Vh4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8] beZiZ <6A:G>I6#¼¼¯Fj 4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8]{beViV <6A:G>I6#¼¼¯8 bd4 ¯Fj egZiZcYZ4 ¯6 b bZ kV ]VXZg Za XjZcid4 C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8] beZiZ <6A:G>I6#¼¼±AVh cVgVc_Vh C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8]{beViV <6A:G>I6#¼¼±AVh cVgVc_Vh C6G><ÙC#¼¼±8] beZiZ IZa c ?Vk^Zg KâaV[V Z Vg\Zci^cd (

9^hXjiZ! Xdc ijh XdbeV Zgdh n XdbeV ZgVh YZ \gjed/ V# W# X# Y# Z#

¯Edg fj hZ iîjaV Za iZmid :a e XVgd WjgaVYd4 ¯8j{a Zh aV ^ciZcX^ c YZ aV VcjcX^VYdgV4 ¯9Z fj igViV Za iZmid fjZ aZ hiZ4 ¯Edg fj CVg^\ c aZ b^ZciZ Va 8db^hVg^d4 ¯Fj ZhigViZ\^V aZ [jcX^dc V CVg^\ c eVgV Zc\V Vg Va 8db^hVg^d/ aV YZ ¾X] beZiZ! X]{beViV¿ d aV YZ Y^h[gVoVghZ4 [# ¯Fj ZaZbZcidh YZa iZmid egdYjXZc jcV hîjVX^ c ]jbdg hi^XV4 \# ¯IZ eVgZX^ X b^Xd ad fjZ dXjgg^ Va ÉcVa4 :a iZmid YgVb{i^Xd ejZYZ VYdeiVg Y^hi^ciVh [dgbVh# JcV YZ ZaaVh Zh aV XdbZY^V# AV XdbZY^V hZ XVgVXiZgôV edg adh h^\j^ZciZh gVh\dh/ adh eZghdcV_Zh hdc hZgZh cdgbVaZh fjZ k^kZc XdcÊ^Xidh edXd ^bedgiVciZh# 8dc [gZXjZcX^V! Zhidh XdcÊ^Xidh hjg\Zc edg Va\ c bVa ZciZcY^Yd fjZ YV aj\Vg V hîjVX^dcZh X b^XVh# :a ÉcVa hjZaZ hZg [Zaô# AZc\jV_Z + ,&

Jc^YVY )

6 ZhXg^W^g )

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! ad h^\j^ZciZ/ &# :a i ijad YZa iZmid YgVb{i^Xd fjZ aZ hiZ# '# Adh cdbWgZh YZ adh eZghdcV_Zh# (# 8j{cidh VXidh i^ZcZ Za iZmid# )# 9 cYZ hZ YZhVggdaaV XVYV VXid#

>ci \gViZ V jc \gjed YZ igZh d XjVigd XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh# :hXg^WVc! Zc hjh XjVYZgcdh YZ AZc\jV_Z! jc iZmid YgVb{i^Xd# >ckZciZc jcV ]^hidg^V hdWgZ Va\d Xjg^dhd! Y^kZgi^Yd d ^ciZgZhVciZ fjZ aZ ]VnV hjXZY^Yd V Va\j^Zc! d fjZ aZh ^che^gZ# B^gZc ZhiZ Z_Zbead/

:a Y V Zc fjZ Za b^ZYd hZ [jZ EZghdcV_Zh/ GdYg^\d 6b aXVg EZajood! Za eZggd bVhXdiV

AV eVaVWgV ¾YgVbV¿ egdk^ZcZ YZa i gb^cd \g^Z\d YgVd! fjZ h^\c^ÉXV ¾]VXZg! dWgVg d VXijVg¿#

Eg^bZg VXid :h jc Y V hdaZVYd# GdYg^\d n 6b aXVg! Ydh c^ dh YZ YdXZ V dh! b^ZcigVh XdciZbeaVc Za bVg! XdckZghVc GdYg^\d#¼¼6b aXVg! XdggZ! kVbdh V oVbWjaa^gcdh# 6b aXVg#¼¼ B^gV V hj Vb^\d Xdc gdhigd Vc\jhi^VYd# IZc\d b^ZYd# GZk^hV! Xdc ij \gjed! Za iZmid YgVb{i^Xd fjZ ZhXg^W^Zgdc# ; _ZchZ fjZ iZc\V ad h^\j^ZciZ/ • • • • •

,' AZc\jV_Z +

I ijad# CdbWgZ YZ adh eZghdcV_Zh# IgZh VXidh n YZhXg^eX^ c YZa aj\Vg YdcYZ hZ YZhVggdaaV XVYV VXid# 9^{ad\dh d eVgaVbZcidh W^Zc XaVgdh# H^\cdh YZ ^ciZggd\VX^ c n YZ ZmXaVbVX^ c Zc adh eVgaVbZcidh fjZ

Jc^YVY )

ad VbZg^iZc#

DWhZgkV Za egZY^XVYd kZgWVa Zc aVh h^\j^ZciZh dgVX^dcZh/

:a \Vid YjZgbZ# C XaZd Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

AV VcjcX^VYdgV egZhZci aV dWgV Va e Wa^Xd# C XaZd 8dbeaZbZcidh Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

CVg^\ c e^Y^ VnjYV V <VaZg^iV# C XaZd 8dbeaZbZcidh Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

:a Xdb^hVg^d b^gV ]VX^V aV YZgZX]V# C XaZd 8dbeaZbZcid Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

¯EjZYZh ^YZci^ÉXVg Va\jcV Y^[ZgZcX^V ZcigZ adh egZY^XVYdh kZgWVaZh Zc ZhiVh dgVX^dcZh4

Jc kZgWd! a hdad! ejZYZ hZg Za egZY^XVYd Zc jcV dgVX^ c# Edg Z_Zbead/ :a \Vid YjZgbZ# EZgd bjX]Vh kZXZh Za kZgWd cZXZh^iV YZ Va\jcVh eVaVWgVh fjZ XdbeaZiZc hj h^\c^ÉXVYd#

AVh eVaVWgVh fjZ XdbeaZiVc d egZX^hVc Za h^\c^ÉXVYd YZa kZgWd hdc adh XdbeaZbZcidh kZgWVaZh# :m^hiZc igZh XaVhZh YZ XdbeaZbZcidh kZgWVaZh/ Za XdbeaZbZcid Y^gZXid 89 ! Za XdbeaZbZcid ^cY^gZXid 8> n Za XdbeaZbZcid VYkZgW^Va 8 6Yk# # AZc\jV_Z + ,(

Jc^YVY )

:c ZhiZ Z_Zbead! Za kZgWd ¾egZhZci ¿ cZXZh^iV XdbeaZbZcidh! ejZh YZ ad XdcigVg^d aV dgVX^ c fjZYVg V ^cXdbeaZiV! cd hZ XdbegZcYZg V#

8dc aV VnjYV YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! VcVa^oV aV h^\j^ZciZ dgVX^ c eVgV fjZ YZhXjWgVh fj i^ed YZ XdbeaZbZcid i^ZcZ hj egZY^XVYd kZgWVa#

AV VcjcX^VYdgV egZhZci aV dWgV Va e Wa^Xd# C XaZd 8dbeaZbZcidh Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

:a XdbeaZbZcid Y^gZXid 89 Zh Za fjZ cdbWgV Va hZg d Va dW_Zid hdWgZ Za fjZ gZXVZ aV VXX^ c YZa kZgWd#

EgjZWVh eVgV YZhXjWg^g Za XdbeaZbZcid Y^gZXid 89 GZhejZhiVh YZ aV DgVX^ c Z_Zbead I^ed YZ egjZWV egjZWV &# EgZ\jciV/ ¯fj egZhZci aV VcjcX^VYdgV4

6c bViZ V YZhXjWg^g Xdc [VX^a^YVY Xj{cYd jc egZY^XVYd kZgWVa i^ZcZ jc XdbeaZbZcid Y^gZXid 89 #

AV VcjcX^VYdgV egZhZci aV dWgV Va e Wa^Xd#

:aaV h^ZbWgV jcV eaVciV#

7V Vg V adh XVX]dggdh#

'# Hjhi^ijnZ! hZ\ c Za XVhd! Za XdbeaZbZcid edg jcd YZ Zhidh egdcdbWgZh/ ad! aV! adh! aVh# Edg Z_Zbead/ AV VcjcX^VYdgV aV egZhZci # &# EgZ\jciV/ ¯fj h^ZbWgV ZaaV4 '# :aaV aV h^ZbWgV# &# EgZ\jciV/ ¯V fj^ c WV Vg 4 '# Adh WV Vg # &# EgZ\jciV/ ¯fj WVgg^ a4

wa WVgg^ aVh VjaVh# '# AVh WVgg^ # .

,) AZc\jV_Z +

AV dWgV# AV hjhi^ijnZ V ad fjZ egZhZci aV VcjcX^VYdgV/ aV dWgV Va e Wa^Xd#

JcV eaVciV# AV hjhiîjnZ V jcV eaVciV# 6 adh XVX]dggdh# Adh hjhiîjnZ V V adh XVX]dggdh# AVh VjaVh# AVh hjhiîjnZ V aVh VjaVh#

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! aVh X^cXd dgVX^dcZh fjZ iZ Y^XiVg{ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd# 6ea XVaZh aVh egjZWVh eVgV YZhXjWg^g h^ i^ZcZc 89# :cX^ZggV Zc jc X gXjad! Xdc gd_d! aVh dgVX^dcZh fjZ cd i^ZcZc 89#

Jc^YVY ) &%

GZVa^oV aV egjZWV YZa 89 V aV h^\j^ZciZ dgVX^ c#

:a 8db^hVg^d ]VWa Va e Wa^Xd# C XaZd 8dbeaZbZcid Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

:a XdbeaZbZcid ^cY^gZXid 8> Zh Za YZhi^cViVg^d YZ aV VXX^ c YZa hj_Zid cdbWgVYV edg Za kZgWd! Zh fj^Zc gZX^WZ Za YV d d WZcZÉX^d#

±D]! d] :hiZ cd Zh jc 89### ¯Fj XaVhZ YZ XdbeaZbZcid hZg{4 8gZd fjZ hZ igViV YZ jc XdbeaZbZcid ^cY^gZXid 8> # EZgd cd h X bd YZhXjWg^gad#

EgjZWVh eVgV YZhXjWg^g Za XdbeaZbZcid ^cY^gZXid 8> DgVX^ c Z_Zbead

:a Xdb^hVg^d ]VWa Va e Wa^Xd#

I^ed YZ egjZWV

GZhejZhiVh YZ aV egjZWV

&# KZg^ÉXVg h^ Za 8> Xdb^ZcoV h^ZbegZ edg aV egZedh^X^ c V#

6a V Za e Wa^Xd#

'# Hjhi^ij^g Za XdbeaZbZcid edg jcd YZ Zhidh egdcdbWgZh/ aZ d aZh# Edg Z_Zbead/ :a Xdb^hVg^d aZ ]VWa #

AZ hjhi^ijnZ V Va e Wa^Xd#

(# EVhVg Za XdbeaZbZcid Va Xdb^Zcod YZ aV dgVX^ c# Edg Z_Zbead/ 6a e Wa^Xd! aZ ]VWa Za 8db^hVg^d#

IZ kZg{h Zc aV dWa^\VX^ c YZ gZegdYjX^g Za egdcdbWgZ aZ d aZh#

8de^V ZhiVh dgVX^dcZh Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z# 6ea XVaZh aVh egjZWVh YZa 8># :cX^ZggV! Zc jc X gXjad gd_d! aVh dgVX^dcZh fjZ cd eVhZc aV egjZWV# -

8VabV! XVabV### IVbW^ c Zm^hiZc egjZWVh eVgV kZg^ÉXVg h^ hZ igViV YZ jc XdbeaZbZcid ^cY^gZXid# :hijY^V aV iVWaV eVgV fjZ VegZcYVh X bd ]VXZgad#

=Zbdh eZY^Yd eZgb^hd V aV Y^gZXidgV# ?dh Y^_d hjh hZci^b^Zcidh V BVg V# 8dbeg XVgcZ Va XVgc^XZgd# B^ VWjZa^id Xj^YV V b^ ]ZgbVcV#

AZc\jV_Z + ,*

Jc^YVY )

¯Fj XaVhZ YZ XdbeaZbZcidh hZg{c Zhidh4

6cVa^oV ZhiVh dgVX^dcZh n ]VoaZh aVh egjZWVh eVgV YZhXjWg^g h^ i^ZcZc 89 d 8>#

:a eda^X V XVb^cV Zc Za eVgfjZ C XaZd 8dbeaZbZcid Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

Nd VXij YZ CVg^\ c VnZg C XaZd 8dbeaZbZcidh Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

Nd cd Ydgb edg Za gj^Yd 8dbeaZbZcid C XaZd 8dbeaZbZcid Hj_Zid EgZY^XVYd kZgWVa

:a XdbeaZbZcid X^gXjchiVcX^Va 8 8^gX# d VYkZgW^Va 8 6Yk# Zh Za fjZ ZmegZhV jcV X^gXjchiVcX^V d h^ijVX^ c eVgi^XjaVg ^c[dgbVX^ c ZmigV V aV VXX^ c YZa kZgWd#

9ZhXjWgZ adh XdbeaZbZcidh VYkZgW^VaZh Zc aVh X^cXd dgVX^dcZh fjZ iZ Y^XiVg{ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd#

8dc aV dg^ZciVX^ c YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! gZegZhZciV aV dWgV :a e XVgd WjgaVYd#

Adh 8 6Yk# ejZYZc hZg YZ aj\Vg! i^Zbed! bdYd! XVci^YVY! ÉcVa^YVY! ZiX#

• •

Ji^a^oV jc kZhijVg^d VYZXjVYd# BdciV aV ZhXZcd\gV[ V YZ VXjZgYd Xdc adh VXidh# • EjZYZh edcZgaZ b h^XV YZ [dcYd! YZ VXjZgYd Xdc Za XdciZc^Yd# • EgdXjgV bdYjaVg ij kdo! YZ VXjZgYd Xdc Za eZghdcV_Z#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh

,+ AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY * AZXX^ c &

H^\Vbdh ^chigjXX^dcZh >chigjXX^dcZh ZaZbZciVaZh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aVh ^b{\ZcZh n ZmegZhV fj ^YZV iZ YVc hdWgZ Za iZbV YZ fjZ igViVg{ aV aZXX^ c#

6 aZZg '

7jhXV Zc Za Y^XX^dcVg^d aVh eVaVWgVh/ ]^Ygde c^Xd! YgZcVg! hjhigVid n hdajX^ c# 6 Xdci^cjVX^ c aZZ Zc h^aZcX^d Za iZmid#

>chigjXX^dcZh W{h^XVh eVgV ]VXZg jc Xjai^kd ]^Ygde c^Xd BViZg^VaZh • • • • •

Jc gZXê^ZciZ d XdciZcZYdg Xdc jc iVe c Zc jc aVYd eVgV YgZcVg Za V\jV# HjhigVid + iVoVh YZ XVhXVgâaV YZ Vggdo n ) iVoVh YZ VgZcV YZ g d d Va\ c hjhigVid Zhi gâ ZcigZ aV eaVciV n aV hdajX^ c cjigî^kV fjZ hjhiîjnV V aV i^ZggV# 9ZWZ fjZYVg h^c igdodh \gVcYZh# HdajX^ c cjigî^kV VWdcd dg\{c^Xd d Va\ c [ZgiâôVciZ # HZbâaVh YZ eZe^cd! g{WVcd! idbViZ d aZX]j\V# 6\jV#

Eg^bZg eVhd# AaZcV Za XdciZcZYdg Xdc Za hjhigVid# HZ\jcYd eVhd# =jbZYZXZ Za hjhigVid# IZgXZg eVhd# =Vo ]dndh V Y^hiVcX^V n egd[jcY^YVY gZXdbZcYVYVh eVgV aV hZbâaV fjZ kVh V hZbWgVg# 8jVgid eVhd# H^ZbWgV aVh hZbâaVh Zc adh ]jZXdh# Hdad XdadXV jcV hZbâaV edg ]jZXd# Fj^cid eVhd# 8^ZggV adh ]dndh# HZmid eVhd# IVeV Za Xjai^kd Xdc eVeZa eZg^ Y^Xd n ea{hi^Xd cZ\gd# H ei^bd eVhd# GZi^gV Za eVeZa eZg^ Y^Xd n Za ea{hi^Xd XjVcYd ]VnVc cVX^Yd aVh eaVciVh# DXiVkd eVhd# G^Z\V V Y^Vg^d aVh eaVciVh Xdc V\jV n hdajX^ c cjigî^kV# AZc\jV_Z + ,,

Jc^YVY * Adh iZmidh ^chigjXX^dcVaZh hdc VfjZaadh fjZ ^cY^XVc! eVhd V eVhd! X bd ]VXZg Va\d# 9Vc dg^ZciVX^dcZh XdcXgZiVh eVgV gZVa^oVg VXi^k^YVYZh d ^cY^XVc X bd ]VXZg jhd YZ X^Zgidh VeVgVidh#

6 XdbegZcYZg (

8dbZciV! Xdc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd! Za iZmid aZ Yd#

)

; _ViZ Zc aVh eVaVWgVh YZhiVXVYVh YZa iZmid >chigjXX^dcZh W{h^XVh eVgV ]VXZg jc Xjai^kd ]^Ygde c^Xd# GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj iZ ^cY^XVc4! ¯fj XaVhZ YZ eVaVWgVh hdc4

AV ]^Ygdedc V Zh jcV i Xc^XV YZ egdYjXX^ c V\g XdaV Zc aV fjZ hZ Xjai^kV h^c hjZad n YdcYZ adh ZaZbZcidh cjig^i^kdh hdc ZcigZ\VYdh Zc jcV hdajX^ c a fj^YV#

Eg^bZg eVhd# AaZcVg Za XdciZcZYdg Xdc Za hjhigVid#

HZ\jcYd eVhd# =jbZYZXZg Za hjhigVid#

IZgXZg eVhd# =VXZg ]dndh V Y^hiVcX^V n egd[jcY^YVY gZXdbZcYVYVh eVgV aV hZb^aaV fjZ hZ kV V jhVg#

Adh YZiZgb^cVciZh cjbZgVaZh dgY^cVaZh hdc adh fjZ ^cY^XVc Za aj\Vg fjZ dXjeV Za dW_Zid YZh^\cVYd edg Za cdbWgZ d hjhiVci^kd Va fjZ YZiZgb^cVc# Edg Z_Zbead/ NV ]^XZ Za eg^bZg eVhd eVgV b^ Xjai^kd ]^Ygde c^Xd# Eg^bZg Zh Za YZiZgb^cVciZ cjbZgVa dgY^cVa n Za hjhiVci^kd Va fjZ YZiZgb^cV Zh eVhd#

,- AZc\jV_Z +

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jc iZmid ^chigjXi^kd Xdc Y^hedh^X^dcZh eVgV jc WjZc XZeâaVYd YZ Y^ZciZh# JiâôV YZiZgb^cVciZh dgY^cVaZh eVgV XVYV ^chigjXX^ c#

Jc^YVY * +

>ciZgXVbW^V! Xdc ijh XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh! ij iZmid ^chigjXi^kd n ]Vo ad h^\j^ZciZ/ &#¬ DWhZgkV h^ ]Vn jcV hZXjZcX^V XaVgV YZ aVh VXX^dcZh fjZ YZWZc ]VXZg Zc XVYV ^chigjXX^ c# '#¬ H^ aVh ^chigjXX^dcZh ejZYZc gZVa^oVghZ# (#¬ H^ adh kZgWdh ^cY^XVc jcV dgYZc# )#¬ GZk^hV aV dgid\gV[ V YZ idYd Za iZmid# *#¬ ;^cVabZciZ! gZZhXg WZad h^ Zh cZXZhVg^d#

AZZ aVh h^\j^ZciZh dgVX^dcZh n dWhZgkV aVh eVaVWgVh gZbVgXVYVh# GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj iZ ^cY^XVc4 B^ ]jZgid ]^Ygde c^Xd egdYj_d dX]d eaVciVh YZ idbViZ# AVh X^cXd oVcV]dg^Vh ]^Ygde c^XVh ZhiVWVc bjn _j\dhVh#

Adh YZiZgb^cVciZh cjbZgVaZh XVgY^cVaZh YZa^bîVc d Y^XZc Xdc ZmVXiîjY aV XVci^YVY YZ dW_Zidh YZh^\cVYdh edg Za cdbWgZ# Edg Z_Zbead/ h^ZiZ hZbâaVh! YdXZ eZe^cdh! X^Zc a^WgVh#

Adh c bZgdh XVgY^cVaZh! YZhYZ Za jcd ]VhiV Za kZ^ci^cjZkZ! hZ ZhXg^WZc Zc jcV hdaV eVaVWgV# Adh YZb{h c bZgdh hZ ZhXg^WZc Xdc eVaVWgVh hZeVgVYVh#

DWhZgkV X bd hZ ZhXg^WZc adh c bZgdh XVgY^cVaZh h^\j^ZciZh# )% *% +% ,% -% .% &%% '%%

XjVgZciV X^cXjZciV hZhZciV hZiZciV dX]ZciV cdkZciV X^Zc YdhX^Zcidh

(%% )%% *%% +%% ,%% -%% .%%

igZhX^Zcidh XjVigdX^Zcidh fj^c^Zcidh hZ^hX^Zcidh hZiZX^Zcidh dX]dX^Zcidh cdkZX^Zcidh

AZc\jV_Z + ,.

Jc^YVY *

9Za k^\ h^bd Zc VYZaVciZ Zh [{X^a edgfjZ hZ aZ kV V\gZ\VcYd ¾eg^bZgd¿! ¾hZ\jcYd¿! ¾iZgXZgd¿! ZiX#

Adh YZiZgb^cVciZh dgY^cVaZh egdXZYZc YZ eVaVWgVh YZa aVi c# Edg Z_Zbead/ hZmV\ h^bd k^ZcZ YZ hZmV\Zh^bjh#

DWhZgkV X bd hZ ZhXg^WZc Zc aZigVh adh c bZgdh dgY^cVaZh YZa k^\ h^bd Va hZmV\ h^bd# '%#¬

k^\ h^bd

)&#¬

XjVYgV\ h^bd eg^bZgd

'&#¬

k^\ h^bd eg^bZgd

)'#¬

XjVYgV\ h^bd hZ\jcYd

''#¬

k^\ h^bd hZ\jcYd

)(#¬

XjVYgV\ h^bd iZgXZgd

'(#¬

k^\ h^bd iZgXZgd

))#¬

XjVYgV\ h^bd XjVgid

')#¬

k^\ h^bd XjVgid

)*#¬

XjVYgV\ h^bd fj^cid

'*#¬

k^\ h^bd fj^cid

*%#¬

fj^cXjV\ h^bd

(%#¬

ig^\ h^bd

*&#¬

fj^cXjV\ h^bd eg^bZgd

(&#¬

ig^\ h^bd eg^bZgd

*'#¬

fj^cXjV\ h^bd hZ\jcYd

('#¬

ig^\ h^bd hZ\jcYd

*(#¬

fj^cXjV\ h^bd iZgXZgd

((#¬

ig^\ h^bd iZgXZgd

*)#¬

fj^cXjV\ h^bd XjVgid

()#¬

ig^\ h^bd XjVgid

**#¬

fj^cXjV\ h^bd fj^cid

)%#¬

XjVYgV\ h^bd

+%#¬

hZmV\ h^bd

Adh YZiZgb^cVciZh dgY^cVaZh YZa Y X^bd iZgXZgd Va Y X^bd cdkZcd hZ ejZYZc ZhXg^W^g Zc jcV hdaV eVaVWgV d Zc Ydh/ YZX^bdhZmid d Y X^bd hZmid# :c XVbW^d! YZa k^\ h^bd Zc VYZaVciZ YZWZc ZhXg^W^ghZ Zc [dgbV hZeVgVYV#

E^ZchV n ZhXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! X bd Y^g Vh XdggZXiVbZciZ jiâôVcYd adh YZiZgb^cVciZh dgY^cVaZh/ :a XjbeaZV dh ,( YZa VWjZad# Jcdh Zhedhdh XZaZWgVc hj Vc^kZghVg^d (*# :a bZh Zc fjZ ZhiVbdh Zh Zaµ Jc Zfjêd ]V \VcVYd hj igd[Zd *.#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh -% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY *

AZXX^ c '

B^ eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aV ^ajhigVX^ c n aZZ ad fjZ XdbZciVc aVh c^ Vh n adh c^ dh#

B^ egd[ZhdgV Xjbea^ V dh VnZg n dak^Y [Za^X^iVgaV

B^gV! 6aWZgid AV eg m^bV hZbVcV Xdb^ZcoV Za 8VbeZdcVid :hXdaVg YZ ; iWda bVhXja^cd n [ZbZc^cd AVh ^chXg^eX^dcZh hZ X^ZggVc eVhVYd bV VcV! kdn V ^chXg^W^gbZ ]dn#

AV ;Zg^V YZ 8^ZcX^Vh VXZeiVg{ igVWV_dh Zc \gjedh YZ X^cXd n hdWgZ adh iZbVh fjZ Za \gjed egdedc\V# B^ \gjed i^ZcZ jc iZbV fjZ! Zhidn hZ\jgV! hZg{ aV hZchVX^ c YZ aV [Zg^V

:hiZ VcjcX^d Y^XZ fjZ jcV c^ V YZ XjVgid \gVYd Zhi{ gZ\VaVcYd igZh \Vi^idh# Nd fj^Zgd jcd

6 XdbegZcYZg '

8dc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd! gZhedcYZ/ V# ¯9Z Y cYZ dWi^ZcZc aV ^c[dgbVX^ c aVh c^ Vh n adh c^ dh4 W# ¯IZ \jhiVg V ZciZgVgiZ h^ZbegZ YZ VXi^k^YVYZh n ]ZX]dh ^bedgiVciZh fjZ dXjgg^Zgdc! dXjggZc j dXjgg^g{c Zc ij \gVYd! ij ZhXjZaV! ij Xdbjc^YVY n ij eV h4 X# ¯8j{ciVh XaVhZh YZ ^c[dgbVX^ c XdbZciVc4 Y# ¯IZ \jhiVg V eVgi^X^eVg Zc aV Y^[jh^ c YZ ^c[dgbVX^ c ^ciZgZhVciZ eVgV ij \gVYd4 Z# ¯EdYg Vh ]VXZgad hdad i d egZÉZgZh Zc Zfj^ed4 ¯8 bd4 AZc\jV_Z + -&

Jc^YVY *

Jc eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa Zh jc bZY^d YZ Xdbjc^XVX^ c eZg^ Y^XV hZbVcVa! bZchjVa! W^bZchjVa YZ de^c^dcZh n cdi^X^Vh ^bedgiVciZh eVgV aVh eZghdcVh YZ jcV Xdbjc^YVY#

8dc aV VnjYV YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! XdbZciV aVh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh YZ jc eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa#

(

•

EdhZZ kVg^Vh hZXX^dcZh/ hdX^Va! YZedgi^kV! XjaijgVa! X^Zci ÉXV! ZiX#

•

HZ Y^hZ V ji^a^oVcYd [did\gV[ Vh n \g{ÉXdh k^hidhdh#

•

AV i^ed\gV[ V! Zh YZX^g! aV XVa^YVY d [dgbV YZ aZigV! Zh VigVXi^kV#

•

Hjh eVgiZh hZ Y^hig^WjnZc Vgb c^XVbZciZ#

•

Hj XdciZc^Yd YZWZ hZg XaVgd eVgV ad\gVg jc bVndg ^beVXid#

; _ViZ Zc aVh eVgiZh n hZXX^dcZh fjZ Xdci^ZcZ ZhiZ bdYZad YZ eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa# GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj hZXX^dcZh V\gZ\Vg Vh4

)

9:EDGI:H

¿QUIÉNES CUMPLEN AÑOS?

María Martínez, Roberto Orellana, Roque García, Andrés Guzmán y Anel Ayala. Ellos son los creadores del periódico mural “Mi grado te informa”.

Carlos Marín 31/07/10

Tatiana Romero 26/07/10

COMENZARÁN INTRAMUROS ESCOLARES Edg/ BVg V BVgi cZo

aijg j X n Z i 6g

ONU PREMIA GANADORES DE DIBUJO Primer lugar: Alejandra Ávalos

Segundo lugar: Gabriel Hernández

Tercer lugar: Fátima López

-' AZc\jV_Z +

María López 30/07/10

Jc^YVY * AV h^\aV Zh aV VWgZk^VijgV fjZ hZ [dgbV Xdc aVh aZigVh ^c^X^VaZh YZ adh cdbWgZh YZ ^chiîjX^dcZh! eVgi^Ydh eda i^Xdh! dg\VcôVX^dcZh! ZiX# HZ ZhXg^WZc Xdc bVn hXjaV n cd aaZkVc ejcid# :_Zbead/ DCJ Dg\VcôVX^ c YZ aVh CVX^dcZh Jc^YVh #

9^hXjiZ Xdc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd/ V# ¯Fj hZXX^dcZh hZg V ^bedgiVciZ ^cXaj^g Zc jc eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa YZ ij \gVYd4 W# ¯Fj kZciV_Vh i^ZcZ jc eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa Zc jcV ZhXjZaV4

¯IZ É_VhiZ fjZ Zc jc i^ijaVg VeVgZXZ aV eVaVWgV DCJ4 ¯HVWZh fj h^\c^ÉXV4

>ci \gViZ V jc \gjed n! Xdc aV \j V YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! ZaVWdgZc jc eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa# H^\Vc Zhidh eVhdh/

&#¬ GZXjZgYZc aVh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh YZ jc eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa#

'#¬ AjZ\d! YZX^YVc Xj{ciVh n Xj{aZh hZXX^dcZh fj^ZgZc fjZ iZc\V hj eZg^ Y^Xd# EgZ\jciZc V digdh ZhijY^VciZh n bVZhigdh hdWgZ fj iZbVh aZh \jhiVg V ^c[dgbVghZ# 9ZX^YVc fj iVbV d hZg V VYZXjVYd fjZ ijk^ZgV hj eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa# (#¬ :a^_Vc adh iZbVh# 9^hXjiVc aVh kZciV_Vh n YZhkZciV_Vh YZ ejWa^XVg iVa iZbV j digd! iZbVh YZa \gVYd! aV ZhXjZaV! aV Xdbjc^YVY! Za ejZWad! Za YZeVgiVbZcid! Za eV h! ZiX# )#¬ 6h^\cZc fj^ cZh hZg{c adh gZhedchVWaZh YZ XVYV hZXX^ c#

AZc\jV_Z + -(

Jc^YVY *

*#¬ 7jhfjZc bViZg^VaZh n ZaVWdgZc adh fjZ hZVc cZXZhVg^dh# H^ ZhXg^WZc Va\jcdh bViZg^VaZh V bVcd! ]{\Vcad Xdc aZigV XaVgV n Wdc^iV! h^c [VaiVh YZ dgid\gV[ V# JcV ejWa^XVX^ c cd YZWZ aaZkVg [VaiVh YZ dgid\gV[ V# +#¬ HZaZXX^dcZc n Y^hXg^b^cZc Za bViZg^Va# + ,#¬ GZk^hZc adh bViZg^VaZh YZ fjZ Y^hedcZc , n YZX^YVc X bd adh kVc V Y^hig^Wj^g Zc Za ZheVX^d# JhZc ea^Z\dh YZ eVeZa WdcY! XVgija^cV d jc hdedgiZ YZ eaVnlddY! h^ i^ZcZc#

Dg\Vc^oV jcV Zmedh^X^ c YZ adh eZg^ Y^Xdh bjgVaZh YZ idYdh adh \gjedh Z ^ck^iV V idYV aV ZhXjZaV eVgV kZg adh eZg^ Y^Xdh#

-#¬ :aVWdgZc Za Y^hZ d YZa eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa n XdadfjZc adh bViZg^VaZh hZ\ c hj ^bedgiVcX^V# 6ciZh YZ eZ\Vgadh! ]V\Vc kVg^Vh egjZWVh n Y^hXjiVc hj Y^hig^WjX^ c# GZXjZgYZc YZa^bîVg XaVgVbZciZ aVh Y^[ZgZciZh hZXX^dcZh Xdc hjh cdi^X^Vh n YZ_Vg hjÉX^ZciZh ZheVX^dh Zc WaVcXd ZcigZ jcV n digV hZXX^ c eVgV [VXâîVg aV aZXijgV# H^ XdadXVc [didh d Y^Wj_dh! V\gZ\jZc e^Z YZ [didh d Ze \gV[Zh eVgV fjZ hjh aZXidgVh n aZXidgZh hZeVc YZ fj hZ igViV# .#¬ EZ\jZc adh bViZg^VaZh# &%#¬ 8dadfjZc Za eZg^ Y^Xd bjgVa Zc Za aj\Vg fjZ aZh ^cY^fjZ hj bVZhigV d bVZhigd#

-) AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY

6egZX^Zbdh aV edZh V

+ AZXX^ c &

AV ]dgV YZ aV edZh V

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj^ c Zh Za eZghdcV_Z YZ aV ^bV\Zc4 ¯Fj aZ hjXZYZg{ Va eZghdcV_Z4

6 aZZg '

AZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid#

:a ZheVciVe{_Vgdh 6a Voja ZheVciVe{_Vgdh hZ aZ ]V eZgY^Yd Za hdbWgZgd# :a k^Zcid! aVYg c YZ cjWZh! ad aaZkV edg Za hZcYZgd# AadgV a{\g^bVh YZ eV_V Va kZghZ h^c Za hdbWgZgd# wa cd ejZYZ ^g V WjhXVgad! fjZ Zhi{ XaVkVYd Zc Za hjZad# ½¯Fj^ c bZ igVZ! fj^ c bZ igVZ b^ hdbWgZg^id YZ ÉZaigd! fjZ b^h e^Zh Zhi{c bjn É_dh n b^h WgVodh h^ZbegZ fj^Zidh4 6 WjhXVgad [jZ jc \jhVcd bjn YZX^Y^Yd n bjn hZg^d! eZgd Za XVb^cd ZgV aVg\d n Za \jhVc^id bjn aZgYd# AZc\jV_Z + -*

Jc^YVY +

6 WjhXVgad jcV idgij\V hVa^ Xdc eVhd bjn aZcid# ±Fj eZhVYV ZgV aV bVgX]V Cd ejYd aaZ\Vg bjn aZ_dh# :a ]dbWgZX^id YZ eV_V aZkVciV hj XVgV Va X^Zad/ ½±6n! Hda! cd bZ fjZbZh iVcid! fjZ nV cd iZc\d hdbWgZgd

ÉZaigd/ iZaV YZ kVg^Vh XaVhZh YZ ]^adh# aZgYd/ eZhVYd n idgeZ Va VcYVg# Va\jVX^a "YZ XVbed / Za fjZ Xj^YVWV YZ adh hZbWgVYdh eVgV fjZ cd adh YV VhZc aVh \ZciZh ZcigVcYd V Zaadh#

6 WjhXVgad h^ZiZ \gâadh n X^cXd Va\jVXâZh [jZgdc# IdYdh kdak^Zgdc XVchVYdh! c^c\jcd ZcXdcig Za hdbWgZgd# N jcV bV VcV! Za eZgY^Yd dn aadgVg V hj YjZ d# ½9Zkj akZbZ V hj XVWZoV! fjZ i bZ hVXVhiZ! k^Zcid# ½¯Fj^ c bZ igV_d! fj^ c bZ igV_d b^ hdbWgZgîd YZ ÉZaigd4 ¯;jZ aV aajk^V4 ¯:a X^Zad [jZ4 ¯D [jZ cjZkVbZciZ Za k^Zcid4 N aVc\dhiVh n ajX^ gcV\Vh ad b^gVWVc Xdc gZheZid# N Za k^Zcid! YZhYZ adh {gWdaZh hZ gZ V XdciZcid# :ahV <V^Zgd jgj\jVnV

6 XdbegZcYZg (

8dbZciV fj aZ dXjgg^ Va ZheVciVe{_Vgdh! fj digdh eZghdcV_Zh ^ciZgk^ZcZc! fj hZ Y^XZc jcd Va digd0 X bd ^c^X^V! hZ YZhVggdaaV n iZgb^cV aV ]^hidg^V#

)

GZhedcYZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z/ V# ¯Edg fj Za ZheVciVe{_Vgdh e^Y^ VnjYV eVgV WjhXVg hj hdbWgZgd4 W# ¯Fj ^be^YZ Va \jhVcd n V aV idgij\V ZcXdcigVg Za hdbWgZgd4 X# ¯Fj de^cVh YZ ad fjZ ]ôd Za k^Zcid Va eg^cXê^d n Va ÉcVa YZ aV ]^hidg^V4 Y# ¯Fj digd i ijad aZ edcYg Vh V ZhiZ iZmid4 Z# ¯GZXjZgYVh X bd hZ aaVbV ZhiZ iêd YZ iZmid4

-+ AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY +

:a edZbV Zh jcV XgZVX^ c aîZgVg^V cdgbVabZciZ ZhXgîV Zc kZghd# :a kZghd Zh jc Xdc_jcid YZ eVaVWgVh XdbW^cVYVh hZ\ c jc gîbd n! V bZcjYd! iVbW^ c jcV bZY^YV c bZgd YZ Y^hig^WjX^ c YZ aVh h aVWVh Xdc[dgbZ V jcVh YZiZgb^cVYVh gZ\aVh# *

¯Fj bVcZgV iZ eVgZXZ b{h WZaaV n edg fj 4

AZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ XjVYgd n XdbeVgV Ydh bVcZgVh YZ YZX^g ad b^hbd# 8dbd ad Y^XZ aV edZi^hV :ahV <V^Zgd 6a Voja ZheVciVe{_Vgdh hZ aZ ]V eZgY^Yd Za hdbWgZgd# :a k^Zcid! aVYg c YZ cjWZh! ad aaZkV edg Za hZcYZgd#

8dbd ad Y^g V XjVafj^Zg eZghdcV HZ eZgY^ Za hdbWgZgd YZa ZheVciVe{_Vgdh Voja edgfjZ Za k^Zcid hZ ad kda #

±Bb]] 6 b bZ eVgZXZ b{h WZaaV aV bVcZgV YZ YZX^gad YZ aV edZi^hV! edgfjZ ]V XVbW^VYd Za dgYZc a \^Xd YZ jc VY_Zi^kd n jc cdbWgZ! ]V eZghdc^ÉXVYd Va ZheVciV" e{_Vgdh n Va k^Zcid! n iVbW^ c Y^XZ Ydh eVaVWgVh fjZ g^bVc# ±N hZ dnZ iVc Wdc^id

&# :mea^XV Za dgYZc Zc fjZ hZ ]Vc XdadXVYd adh cdbWgZh n adh VY_Zi^kdh Zc aVh h^\j^ZciZh [gVhZh# GZhedcYZ/ ¯Xj{a Zh Za dgYZc fjZ cdgbVabZciZ jhVc aVh eZghdcVh Va ]VWaVg n ZhXg^W^g4 6Y_Zi^kd YZhej h YZa cdbWgZ :a ZheVciVe{_Vgdh Voja AV VgZcV cZ\gV

6Y_Zi^kd VciZh YZa cdbWgZ :a Voja ZheVciVe{_Vgdh AV cZ\gV VgZcV

'# AZZ adh kZghdh ZmigV Ydh YZa edZbV ¾:a ZheVciVe{_Vgdh¿# GZhedcYZ/ ¯ejZYZ Za k^Zcid hZg jc aVYg c4! ¯ejZYZ jc ZheVciVe{_Vgdh aadgVg4 :a k^Zcid! aVYg c YZ cjWZh aadgV a{\g^bVh YZ eV_V# (# 8dc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd! ZcXjZcigZc digdh kZghdh YdcYZ Za ZheVciVe{_Vgdh! Za hda n Va\jcdh Vc^bVaZh ]VnVc h^Yd eZghdc^ÉXVYdh! n Zmea^fjZc X bd hZ ZmegZhV ZhV eZghdc^ÉXVX^ c# )# 9ZhXjWgZ aVh Ydh eVaVWgVh fjZ g^bVc Zc Za eg^bZg \gjed YZ kZghdh#

AZc\jV_Z + -,

Jc^YVY +

DWhZgkV Za Y^Wj_d# AjZ\d! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! YZhXg^WZ Za Y^Wj_d Zc jc aZc\jV_Z Xdb c# 9Zhej h! ^ciZciV ZmegZhVgad YZ jcV bVcZgV ed i^XV#

>ci \gViZ V jc ig d n YZXaVbV ¾:a ZheVciVe{_Vgdh¿ j digd edZbV fjZ XdcdoXVh# 6ciZh! idbV Zc XjZciV ad h^\j^ZciZ/ &# AZZ kVg^Vh kZXZh Za edZbV Zc kdo VaiV n XdbegZcYZ ad fjZ Y^XZ# D W^Zc ejZYZh aZZg Za eg^bZg kZghd Zc kdo VaiV0 ajZ\d! ad ZhXg^WZh Y^X^ cYdad Zc kdo VaiV# 9Zhej h aZZh adh Ydh eg^bZgdh kZghdh Zc kdo VaiV n ZhXg^WZh Za hZ\jcYd kZghd Y^X^ZcYd adh Ydh Zc kdo VaiV# N kVh aZnZcYd Zc kdo VaiV idYdh adh kZghdh! _jcid Va fjZ V\gZ\Vh! n ZhXg^W^ZcYd Za cjZkd kZghd n gZeî^ZcYd idYdh adh kZghdh Zc kdo VaiV ]VhiV iZgb^cVg# '# :c Za ig d! Y^hig^W nVchZ \gjedh YZ kZghdh n bZbdg XZcadh# EVgV bZbdgôVgadh ^bV\^cZc Xdc ZmV\ZgVX^ c ad fjZ kV XdciVcYd# (# KdXVa^XZc n egdcjcX^Zc W^Zc aVh eVaVWgVh# =V\Vc adh Z_ZgX^X^dh fjZ aZh ^cY^fjZ hj bVZhigV d bVZhigd# )# :cidcZc hj kdo VYZXjVYVbZciZ eVgV fjZ aZh ZhXjX]Zc n igVchbîVc aVh ^YZVh! hZci^b^Zcidh n ZbdX^dcZh fjZ Za edZbV ZmegZhV# *# Jiâ^XZc jc aZc\jV_Z \ZhijVa Xdc aV b^gVYV n aV ZmegZh^ c Zc hj gdhigd n XdgedgVa VYZXjVYd Xdc adh VYZbVcZh! aV edhijgV n adh YZheaVoVb^Zcidh YZa XjZged # AV YZXaVbVX^ c Zh Y^[ZgZciZ YZ aV aZXijgV ZmegZh^kV# :m^\Z aV bZbdgôVX^ c YZa iZmid# 9ZXaVbVg Zh ZmegZhVg Zc [dgbV dgVa jc iZmid ed i^Xd d cVggVi^kd ! Xdc ZcidcVX^ c n VYZbVcZh XdckZc^ZciZh! eVgV igVchbî^g V aVh n adh dnZciZh aV ^ciZgegZiVX^ c YZa ZhiVYd YZ {c^bd n adh hZci^b^Zcidh fjZ Za Vjidg d aV VjidgV fj^hd Xdbjc^XVg#

-- AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY + -

; _ViZ Zc Za jhd YZ adh VY_Zi^kdh Zc Zhidh kZghdh YZa edZbV/ 6 WjhXVgad [jZ jc \jhVcd bjn YZX^Y^Yd n bjn hZg^d! eZgd Za XVb^cd ZgV aVg\d n Za \jhVc^id bjn aZgYd

Adh VY_Zi^kdh ejZYZc hj[g^g kVg^VX^dcZh eVgV ZmegZhVg Y^kZghdh \gVYdh YZ ^ciZch^YVY# ; _ViZ Zc Za jhd YZ aV eVaVWgV bjn#

:a \gVYd hjeZgaVi^kd YZ adh VY_Zi^kdh hZ [dgbV VciZedc^ZcYd Va VY_Zi^kd Za VYkZgW^d bjn d V VY^ZcYd Va VY_Zi^kd adh hjÉ_dh " h^bd d " h^bV# :_Zbeadh/ bjn YZX^Y^Yd! egZdXjeVY h^bd#

:hXg^WZ jc edZbV n jhV VY_Zi^kdh Zc \gVYd hjeZgaVi^kd VciZh d YZhej h YZ adh cdbWgZh fjZ ji^a^XZh# D W^Zc! XVbW^V adh VY_Zi^kdh YZ adh h^\j^ZciZh kZghdh V \gVYd hjeZgaVi^kd# H^ Zh cZXZhVg^d! ejZYZh XVbW^Vg jc edXd digVh eVaVWgVh eVgV fjZ hjZcZ V\gVYVWaZ#

G^hV YZ b^ c^ d [gV\bZcid ±G^hV YZ b^ c^ d! [gZhXV g^hV XaVgV! XVbeVc^iV adXV YZa Xg^hiVa b{h Écd! idYV aV VaZ\g V ejgV YZ aV k^YV hjZaiV Zc ij gZe^fjZ hj XVcid Y^k^cd 8aVjY^V AVgh hVakVYdgZ V &%

Dg\VcôV jc XajW YZ edZiVh n edZi^hVh Zc YdcYZ eVgi^XêZh _jcid V ijh XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh# EjZYZh gZVaôVg aVh h^\j^ZciZh VXi^k^YVYZh/ ¸ AZXijgV Z ^ciZgXVbW^d YZ edZbVh YZ edZiVh n edZi^hVh! d YZ edZbVh ZhXgîdh edg i^ n edg ijh XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh# ¸ Dg\VcôVX^ c YZ gZXîVaZh n XdcXjghdh YZ edZh V# ¸ DigVh VXi^k^YVYZh fjZ Va XajW hZ aZ dXjggVc#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z + -.

Jc^YVY +

AZXX^ c '

6a g^ibd YZ adh edZbVh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

AZZ Za i ijad YZa edZbV# GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj eVhVg{ Zc aV W^Wa^diZXV4 • 9dh a^Wgdh hZ ]Vc ZcVbdgVYd# • AV W^Wa^diZXVg^V k^kZ jc gdbVcXZ Xdc jc aZXidg# • JcV eg^cXZhV hZ ZcVbdgV YZ jc e^gViV#

AZZ Zc kdo VaiV Za edZbV h^\j^ZciZ/

6bdg Zc aV W^Wa^diZXV 8jZciVc fjZ XjZciVc fjZ ]VW V jcV kZo jcV eg^cXZhV fjZ k^k V Zc jc ZhiVciZ YZ jcV k^Z_V W^Wa^diZXV# Hj XVhV ZgV jc XjZcid YZ ]VYVh! fjZ XVh^ cVY^Z aZ V! fjZ ZhiVWV ZcigZ jc Y^XX^dcVg^d n jc a^Wgd YZ edZh Vh# HdaVbZciZ Va\jcdh X]^Xdh VXVg^X^VWVc hjh e{\^cVh n k^hîVWVc V kZXZh hj eVaVX^d YZ eVaVWgVh# 9ZhYZ aV idggZ b{h VaiV! hjhe^gVWV aV eg^cXZhV# A{\g^bVh YZ i^ciV cZ\gV YZaZigZVWVc hj ig^hiZoV# :h fjZ ZaaV ZhiVWV VWjgg^YV YZ k^k^g aV b^hbV ]^hidg^V fjZ YZ iVcid gZeZi^g hZ hVW V YZ bZbdg^V/ jcV Wgj_V aV ]ZX]ôVWV edg Zck^Y^Vg hj WZaaZoV n Za eg cXêZ aV hVakVWV eVgV XVhVghZ Xdc ZaaV# 8jZciVc fjZ XjZciVc fjZ jc Y V! _jhid Zc Za ai^bd ZhiVciZ Va\j^Zc ZcXdcig digd a^Wgd fjZ cd ]VW V k^hid VciZh#

.% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY +

6a VWg^g Xdc hjVk^YVY! hjh ]d_Vh VbVgâaZciVh hVa^ jc XVeî{c e^gViV fjZ ZhiVWV Zc ZhV cdkZaV# 6hdbVYV ZcigZ aVh e{\^cVh aV eg^cXZhV ad b^gVWV# wa Y^Wj_ jcV hdcg^hV hdad eVgV hVajYVgaV# N iVgVgZ aV XVcX^ c fjZ Za bVg aZ XVciV V aV ajcV n aZ gZ\Va jc XdaaVg ]ZX]d YZ Va\Vh n ZhejbV# HZciVYd hdWgZ jc gZc\a c! Za e^gViV! XVYV cdX]Z! aV ZheZgVWV Zc jcV Zhfj^cV YZa XVe ijad XVidgXZ# N aV eg^cXZhV hjW V jcV ZhXVaZgV YZ h aVWVh eVgV ZcXdcigVg Va e^gViV Zc aV ai^bV gZe^hV# 6h hZ fjZYVWVc _jcidh ]VhiV fjZ hVa V Za hda! dnZcYd Za bjgbjaad i^W^d YZa bVg! Zc jc XVgVXda# 8jZciVc fjZ XjZciVc fjZ Zc bVnd adh Ydh hZ [jZgdc jc Y V n YZ_Vgdc Zc hjh a^Wgdh kVg^Vh e{\^cVh kVX Vh# Adh eZghdcV_Zh YZa a^Wgd d[ZcY^Ydh egdiZhiVWVc/ ¾AVh eg^cXZhVh YZ adh XjZcidh cd hZ kVc Xdc adh e^gViVh¿# EZgd Zaadh nV ZhiVWVc aZ_dh! bjn aZ_dh! Zc VaiV bVg n ZhXg^W Vc digV ]^hidg^V Xdc_j\VcYd Za kZgWd VbVg# :a e^gViV n aV eg^cXZhV V[ZggVYV Va WgVod YZ a cVkZ\Vc edg h^ZiZ bVgZh Zc jc WVgXd YZ eVeZa# Aâ^VcV 8^cZiid Vg\Zci^cV

AZc\jV_Z + .&

Jc^YVY + (

GZXjZgYV fjZ aV h^cVaZ[V Xdch^hiZ Zc aV jc^ c! Zc jcV hdaV h aVWV! YZ aVh h aVWVh ÉcVaZh Z ^c^X^VaZh YZ Ydh eVaVWgVh Xdci^\jVh! XjVcYd aV ) eg^bZgV iZgb^cV Zc kdXVa n aV h^\j^ZciZ Xdb^ZcoV Zc kdXVa#

GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯Fj^ cZh hdc adh eZghdcV_Zh YZa edZbV4 W# ¯8 bd hZ XdcdX^Zgdc Za e^gViV n aV eg^cXZhV4 X# ¯Fj de^cVh VXZgXV YZ fjZ aV eg^cXZhV n Za e^gViV hZ ]VnVc ^Yd n VWVcYdcVYd idYd edg hj Vbdg4 Y# ¯Edg fj XgZZh fjZ adh digdh eZghdcV_Zh hZ d[ZcY^Zgdc edg aV [j\V YZ aV eg^cXZhV n Za e^gViV4 Z# ¯8gZZh fjZ kVaZ aV eZcV VWVcYdcVgad idYd edg Vbdg4 ¯Edg fj 4 8de^V! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! aVh eg^bZgVh hZ^h a cZVh YZa edZbV ¾6bdg Zc aV W^Wa^diZXV¿# HZe{gVaVh Zc h aVWVh b ig^XVh! Xj ciVaVh n ZhXg^WZ V aV eVg YZ XVYV kZghd Xj{ciVh i^ZcZ XVYV jcV#

8jZc"iVc fjZ XjZc"iVc fjZ ]V"W "Vµ

AV aZn YZa VXZcid ÉcVa Xdch^hiZ Zc fjZ h^ adh kZghdh iZgb^cVc Zc eVaVWgV V\jYV! Va XdciZd YZ h aVWVh YZWZ V VY^ghZ jcV h aVWV# N h^ Za ÉcVa YZa kZghd Zh jcV eVaVWgV ZhYg _jaV! hZ gZhiV jcV h aVWV#

.' AZc\jV_Z +

¯NV hZ É_Vgdc fjZ adh edZbVh i^ZcZc g^ibd4

AV b ig^XV ZhijY^V aV bZY^YV n ZhigjXijgV YZ adh kZghdh! adh i^edh YZ kZghdh n hjh XdbW^cVX^dcZh# :a c bZgd YZ h aVWVh fjZ XdbedcZc jc kZghd! Zh YZX^g! hj bZY^YV! Zhi{ gZ\jaVYd edg aVh cdgbVh YZ aV b ig^XV# :cigZ aVh cdgbVh YZ aV b ig^XV hZ ZcXjZcigVc aV h^cVaZ[V n aV aZn YZa VXZcid ÉcVa#

Jc^YVY + *

AZZ n XdbZciV! Xdc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd! aV h^\j^ZciZ iVWaV#

NV hVWZh YZiZgb^cVg Za i^ed YZ kZghdh edg hj bZY^YV# ±7gVkd! WgVk h^bd

I^edh YZ kZghdh edg hj c bZgd YZ h aVWVh 9Z VgiZ bZcdg h^ i^ZcZc dX]d h aVWVh d bZcdh

9Z VgiZ bVndg h^ i^ZcZc cjZkZ h aVWVh d b{h

9Z Ydh h aVWVh/ W^h aVWd

9Z cjZkZ h aVWVh/ cdcVh aVWd

9Z igZh h aVWVh/ ig^h aVWd

9Z Y^Zo h aVWVh/ YZXVh aVWd

9Z XjVigd h aVWVh/ iZigVh aVWd

9Z dcXZ h aVWVh/ ZcYZXVh aVWd

9Z X^cXd h aVWVh/ eZciVh aVWd

9Z YdXZ h aVWVh/ YdYZXVh aVWd

9Z hZ^h h aVWVh/ ]ZmVh aVWd

9Z igZXZ h aVWVh/ ig^YZXVh aVWd

9Z h^ZiZ h aVWVh/ ]ZeiVh aVWd

9Z XVidgXZ h aVWVh/ VaZ_VcYg^cd

9Z dX]d h aVWVh/ dXidh aVWd

9Z &* h aVWVh/ eZciVYZXVh aVWd 9Z &+ h aVWVh/ dXidcVg^d

GZhedcYZ Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z/ ¯fj i^ed YZ kZghdh edg hj c bZgd YZ h aVWVh i^ZcZ Za edZbV ¾6bdg Zc aV W^Wa^diZXV¿4 ¯:h jc edZbV YZ VgiZ bZcdg d YZ VgiZ bVndg4 +

>YZci^ÉXV Xj{aZh YZ Zhidh XjVigd kZghdh egZhZciVc g^bV# KZghd & KZghd ' KZghd ( KZghd )

6h hZ fjZYVWVc _jcidh ]VhiV fjZ hVa V Za hda! dnZcYd Za bjgbjaad i^W^d YZa bVg! Zc jc XVgVXda#

GZXjZgYV fjZ jc edZbV egZhZciV jcV g^bV XdchdcVciZ d eZg[ZXiV XjVcYd Xd^cX^YZc idYdh adh hdc^Ydh V eVgi^g YZ aV ai^bV kdXVa i c^XV#

&# 8de^V adh kZghdh Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z# '# :cX^ZggV! Zc jc X gXjad Voja d cZ\gd! aV eVaVWgV fjZ aaZkV g^bV n hjWgVnV YZ gd_d aVh aZigVh fjZ gZegZhZciVc adh hdc^Ydh fjZ g^bVc# (# :hXg^WZ Za cdbWgZ YZa i^ed YZ g^bV fjZ i^ZcZc adh kZghdh# )# :hXg^WZ h^ aV g^bV XVZ Zc jc kZghd eVg d Zc jc kZghd ^beVg# *# :hXg^WZ Za c bZgd YZ adh kZghdh fjZ Zhi{c a^WgZh YZ g^bV n YZiZgb^cV h^ hdc kZghdh eVgZh d ^beVgZh# AZc\jV_Z + .(

Jc^YVY + ,

GZXjZgYV fjZ aV g^bV VhdcVciZ hdad hZ egZhZciV XjVcYd adh hdc^Ydh kdX{a^Xdh hdc ^Y ci^Xdh V eVgi^g YZ aV ai^bV kdXVa i c^XV#

8dc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd! ^YZci^ÉXV aV g^bV Zc Zhidh XjVigd kZghdh# KZghd & KZghd ' KZghd ( KZghd )

8jZciVc fjZ XjZciVc fjZ ]VW V jcV kZo jcV eg^cXZhV fjZ k^k V Zc jc ZhiVciZ YZ jcV k^Z_V W^Wa^diZXV#

&# 8de^Zc adh kZghdh Zc hjh XjVYZgcdh YZ AZc\jV_Z# '# :cX^ZggZc Zc jc X gXjad Voja d cZ\gd aVh eVaVWgVh fjZ aaZkVc g^bV n hjWgVnZc YZ gd_d aVh aZigVh fjZ gZegZhZciVc adh hdc^Ydh fjZ g^bVc# (# :hXg^WVc Za cdbWgZ YZa i^ed YZ g^bV fjZ egZhZciVc# :hXg^WVc Za c bZgd YZ adh kZghdh fjZ Zhi{c a^WgZh YZ g^bV n YZiZgb^cZc h^ hdc kZghdh eVgZh d ^beVgZh# AZZ adh h^\j^ZciZh kZghdh#

GViîV n B^cZgd ±<jVj =Vh VegZcY^Yd V VcVaôVg aV [dgbV d ZhigjXijgV YZ adh edZbVh edg bZY^d YZ aV b ig^XV/ hj XVci^YVY YZ Zhigd[Vh! bZY^YV YZ hjh kZghdh n iêd YZ g^bV# ¯Fj iVa h^ VcVaôVh ¾6bdg Zc aV W^Wa^diZXV¿4

.) AZc\jV_Z +

GVi^iV n B^cZgd hVa^Zgdc Zc XdX]Z# AaZkVWV GVi^iV jc bVcid YZ ÊdgZh#

EVhVgdc Za ejZciZ! b^gVgdc aV idggZ n Va Éc Zc eVaVX^d Y^_Zgdc hjh cdbWgZh#

8aVjY^V AVgh hVakVYdgZ V

GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯8 bd Zhi{c V\gjeVYdh adh kZghdh4 W# ¯8j{cidh \gjedh YZ kZghdh hdc4 X# ¯8j{cidh kZghdh i^ZcZ XVYV \gjed4 Y# ¯8j{ciVh h aVWVh i^ZcZ XVYV kZghd4 Z# ¯I^ZcZc g^bV4 ¯Fj i^ed YZ g^bV4 ¯:c fj kZghd XVZ aV g^bV/ eVg d ^beVg4 JcV Zhigd[V Zhi{ XdbejZhiV edg jc c bZgd YZiZgb^cVYd YZ kZghdh Xdc jcV bZY^YV n jc ZhfjZbV YZ g^bVh É_dh#

:a edZbV ¾6bdg Zc aV W^Wa^diZXV¿ Zh jc gdbVcXZ edgfjZ Zh jcV Xdbedh^X^ c fjZ egZhZciV jc c bZgd ^cYZiZgb^cVYd YZ kZghdh cd Xdchi^ij^Ydh Zc Zhigd[Vh Zc adh fjZ hZ XdbW^cVc kZghdh dXidh aVWdh! Xdc g^bV VhdcVciZ Zc adh eVgZh n a^WgZ Zc adh ^beVgZh#

Jc^YVY + .

DWhZgkV aVh eVaVWgVh YZhiVXVYVh Zc Zhidh digdh kZghdh/

GZXjZgYV fjZ adh egdcdbWgZh ^ciZggd\Vi^kdh n ZmXaVbVi^kdh h^ZbegZ hZ i^aYVc#

6hXZch^ c [gV\bZcid ±9dh VaVh ### ¯Fj^ c ijk^ZgV Ydh VaVh eVgV Za kjZad4 :hiV iVgYZ! Zc aV XjbWgZ! XVh^ aVh ]Z iZc^Yd# 9ZhYZ Vfj kZd Za bVg! iVc Voja! iVc Ydgb^Yd! fjZ h^ cd [jZgV jc bVg! ±W^Zc hZg V digd X^Zad ### 8jbWgZh! Y^k^cVh XjbWgZh! ZmXZahdh b^gVYdgZh### ±Fj eZfjZ dh adh ]dbWgZh Cd aaZ\Vc adh gjbdgZh YZ Vaa{ VWV_d! YZa X^Zcd0 c^ Za \gîd ]dggêâVciZ Xdc fjZ V aaV Za YZhZd! c^ Za XaVbdg YZhWdgYVciZ YZ aVh bVaVh eVh^dcZh### Ad gVhigZgd cd hjWZ/ ZhiV XjbWgZ Zh Za gZ^cd YZa e{_Vgd n aV cjWZ### 6a[gZYd :he^cd hVakVYdgZ d Adh egdcdbWgZh ^ciZggd\Vi^kdh ^cigdYjXZc jcV egZ\jciV0 ejZYZc ^g d cd ZcigZ h^\cdh YZ ^ciZggd\VX^ c# Adh egdcdbWgZh ZmXaVbVi^kdh ^cigdYjXZc jcV ZmXaVbVX^ c n h^ZbegZ kVc ZcigZ h^\cdh YZ ZmXaVbVX^ c# ½<adg^V BVg^cV! ¯hVWZh fj^ c Zh Za Vjidg YZa edZbV ¾6hXZch^ c¿4 ½H ! Zh 6a[gZYd :he^cd# ±Fj a^cYd edZbV ½±8 bd bZ \jhiVg V kdaVg Xdbd jc e{_Vgd ½6 b iVbW^ c! GVb c# ¯8j{ciVh VaVh iZ \jhiVg V iZcZg4 ½Edg ad bZcdh jcVh igZh# ½Nd fj^h^ZgV kdaVg eZgd h^c VaVh! hdad Xdc b^ XjZged#

EgdcdbWgZh ^ciZggd\Vi^kdh

EgdcdbWgZh ZmXaVbVi^kdh

¯Fj^ c idXV aV ejZgiV4

±Fj^ c ad ]jW^ZgV eZchVYd

9^bZ fj^ cZh kZcYg{c V aV ÉZhiV#

±8 bd bZ \jhiVc aVh ejejhVh

Cd h fj YZX^giZ#

±Fj a{hi^bV

¯8j{cid iZ [VaiV YZ Y^cZgd4

±8j{cid ]Vh aadgVYd

B^gV Va\jcdh Z_Zbeadh YZ egdcdbWgZh ^ciZggd\Vi^kdh n ZmXaVbVi^kdh#

AZc\jV_Z + .*

Jc^YVY + &%

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jc eZfjZ d gZaVid VXZgXV YZ fj ]Vg Vh n X bd iZ hZci^g Vh h^ ejY^ZgVh kdaVg# JhV X^cXd egdcdbWgZh ^ciZggd\Vi^kdh n X^cXd ZmXaVbVi^kdh#

; _ViZ Zc aVh eVaVWgVh fjZ g^bVc Zc adh h^\j^ZciZh kZghdh# GZhedcYZ/ ¯Xj{a Zh Za hdc^Yd Xdb c Zc aV XdchdcVciZ4 ¯8dc fj aZigV hZ ZhXg^WZ ZhZ hdc^Yd4 ¯8j{a Zh aV aZigV XdchdcVciZ fjZ b{h hZ jhV! aV ¾h¿ d aV ¾o¿4

6fjZaaV eZgY^o aaZ\ V b^ eV h bdhigVWV eZgZoV ±Zc hj cVijgVaZoV

GZ\aVh hdWgZ Za jhd YZ aV o HZ ZhXg^WZc Xdc o

:_Zbeadh

V# Adh hjhiVci^kdh VWhigVXidh fjZ iZgb^cVc Zc "Zo! "ZoV! "VcoV#

KZ_Zo! c^ Zo! XdcÉVcoV! ZheZgVcoV! eZgZoV! WZaaZoV#

W# Adh VY_Zi^kdh fjZ hdc eVaVWgVh V\jYVh iZgb^cVYVh Zc ¼Vo#

8VeVo! iZcVo! ZÉXVo! eZghe^XVo#

X# Adh Y^b^cji^kdh n YZheZXi^kdh fjZ iZgb^cZc Zc "ojZad! "ojZaV#

Bj_ZgojZaV! aVYgdcojZad#

Y# Adh VjbZciVi^kdh iZgb^cVYdh Zc "Vod! "VoV#

<daeVod! eVaVod! aVYg^aaVod#

AV eVaVWgV eV h cd Zh jc hjhiVci^kd VWhigVXid! Zh V\jYV eZgd cd Zh VY_Zi^kd! cd Zh jc Y^b^cji^kd d jc YZheZXi^kd n iVbedXd Zh jc VjbZciVi^kd# Edg Zhd hZ ZhXg^WZ Xdc h#

:hXg^WZ jc edZbV YZ ij egde^V XgZVX^ c! YZ jcVh igZh d XjVigd Zhigd[Vh! n jhV g^bVh# AjZ\d! ^ciZgXVbW^V Xdc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd n YZhVggdaaV Za h^\j^ZciZ Vc{a^h^h/ V# I^ed YZ kZghd edg hj c bZgd YZ h aVWVh/ W^h aVWd! ig^h aVWd! ZiX#0 YZ VgiZ bZcdg d YZ VgiZ bVndg# W# I^ed YZ g^bV/ VhdcVciZ d XdchdcVciZ# X# 8Vci^YVY YZ Zhigd[Vh n c bZgd YZ kZghdh edg Zhigd[V#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh .+ AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY +

AZXX^ c (

8jVgiZidh! iZgXZidh nµ ±jc hdcZid

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

AZZ Za i ijad YZa edZbV# GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯6 fj^ c Zhi{ Y^g^\^Yd4 ¯6 jc c^ d Zc eVgi^XjaVg d V XjVafj^Zg c^ d4 ¯Edg fj XgZZh fjZ Zh Vh 4 W# ¯9Z fj XaVhZ YZ gZ\Vad XgZZh fjZ ]VWaV4

6 aZZg '

AZZ Za edZbV Zc kdo VaiV#

GZ\Vad eVgV Za c^ d IZ gZ\Vad jcV eVo ^ajb^cVYV# Jc gVX^bd YZ eVo n YZ \dgg^dcZh# JcV =daVcYV YZ b^ZhZh VgdbVYV# N 8Va^[dgc^Vh YZ bZadXdidcZh# Jc 6h^V h^c 8dgZV ZchVc\gZciVYV# JcV 8dgZV Zc Êdg! digV Zc WdidcZh# JcV 6b g^XV Zc [gjidh hVodcVYV# N jc bjcYd Xdc Vo XVg YZ bZadcZh# IZ gZ\Vad aV eVo n hj Êdg ejgV# IZ gZ\Vad jc XaVkZa bZY^iVWjcYd eVgV ij WaVcXV bVcd YZ Xg^VijgV# N Zc ij hjZ d fjZ i^ZbWaV ZhigZbZX^Yd ]dn iZ YZ_d aV eVo hdWgZ ij bjcYd YZ c^ d! edg aV bjZgiZ hdgegZcY^Yd# DhlVaYd :hXdWVg KZaVYd hVakVYdgZ d

AZc\jV_Z + .,

Jc^YVY + (

6ciZh YZ gZhedcYZg V aVh egZ\jciVh! WjhXV Za h^\c^ÉXVYd YZ ZhiVh eVaVWgVh Zc ij Y^XX^dcVg^d/ b^ZhZh! bZY^iVWjcYd! eVo! VWhigVXid! XdcXgZid# ±N X e^VaVh Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z

>ci \gViZ V jc \gjed# 9^hXjiVc aVh h^\j^ZciZh egZ\jciVh n gZhe cYVcaVh Zc hjh XjVYZgcdh YZ AZc\jV_Z# V# ¯8j{a Zh Za iZbV eg^cXêVa Zc Za edZbV ¾GZ\Vad eVgV Za c^ d¿4 W# ¯8j{aZh hdc adh gZ\Vadh fjZ aZ d[gZXZ Va c^ d4 ¯HZ ejZYZ! Zc kZgYVY! dWhZfj^Vg ZhZ iêd YZ gZ\Vadh4 ¯Edg fj 4 X# ¯9Z fj XaVhZ YZ gZ\Vadh hZ igViV4 ¯9Z gZ\Vadh XdcXgZidh d VWhigVXidh4 ¯Edg fj 4 Y# ¯Edg fj XgZZh fjZ Za edZiV h^ZciZ aV cZXZh^YVY YZ YVg ZhiZ iêd YZ gZ\Vadh V jc c^ d4 ¯:c fj kZghdh hZ gZÊZ_V ZhV cZXZh^YVY4 Z# ¯:megZhV Za edZiV Va\jcV hîjVX^ c XdcÊ^Xi^kV! YZ b^ZYd d k^daZciV Zc Va\ c kZghd4 ¯:c Xj{aZh4 ¯Edg fj Zh XdcÊ^Xi^kV! YZ b^ZYd d k^daZciV4 [# ¯8 bd XgZZh fjZ kZ Za edZiV Va c^ d V fj^Zc aZ YZY^XV Za edZbV4 ¯:c fj kZghdh gZÊZ_V Za edZiV ZhV k^h^ c4 ]# ¯8 bd fj^h^ZgVh fjZ [jZgV Za bjcYd Zc Za fjZ iZ \jhiVg V k^k^g4 \# 8dbd c^ V d Xdbd c^ d! ¯Xdch^YZgVh fjZ Za iZbV fjZ igViV Za edZiV Zc hj edZbV Zh ^bedgiVciZ eVgV i^ d cd4 ¯Edg fj 4

=daVcYV d Za GZ^cd YZ adh EV hZh 7V_dh! jW^XVYV Zc :jgdeV! Zh jcV YZ aVh cVX^dcZh b{h YZhVggdaaVYVh YZa bjcYd0 ZcigZ adh egdYjXidh V\g XdaVh fjZ kZcYZc V digdh eV hZh hZ ZcXjZcigVc aVh ÊdgZh# 8Va^[dgc^V! ZhiVYd YZ adh :hiVYdh Jc^Ydh! hZg V edg h b^hbd jcV ediZcX^V bjcY^Va0 V] hZ egdYjXZc jcVh '%% kVg^ZYVYZh YZ bZadXdidcZh# Edg digV eVgiZ! 8dgZV! Zc Za Xdci^cZciZ Vh^{i^Xd! hj[g^ Zc adh V dh X^cXjZciV jc XdcÊ^Xid fjZ aV aaZk V jcV \jZggV ZcigZ adh b^hbdh XdgZVcdh#

.- AZc\jV_Z +

6cVa^oV aV ZhigjXijgV YZa edZbV GZ\Vad eVgV Za c^ d# :hXg^WZ aVh gZhejZhiVh Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z#

)

Jc^YVY +

&# 9ZiZgb^cV aV bZY^YV YZ adh kZghdh YZ idYVh aVh Zhigd[Vh# H^ Zh cZXZhVg^d! Vea^XV aVh cdgbVh b ig^XVh fjZ nV XdcdXZh# '# :hiVWaZXZ fj i^ed YZ g^bV egZhZciVc adh kZghdh# (# DWhZgkV aV h^ajZiV YZa edZbV#

N Zc ij hjZ d fjZ i^ZbWaV ZhigZbZX^Yd ]dn iZ YZ_d aV eVo hdWgZ ij bjcYd YZ c^ d! edg aV bjZgiZ hdgegZcY^Yd#

Eg^bZgV Zhigd[V

HZ\jcYV Zhigd[V

IZgXZgV Zhigd[V

8jVgiV Zhigd[V

6 aVh Zhigd[Vh fjZ i^ZcZc XjVigd kZghdh hZ aZh YZcdb^cV XjVgiZidh n V aVh YZ igZh kZghdh! iZgXZidh#

DhlVaYd :hXdWVg KZaVYd hVakVYdgZ d

)# 9ZhXjWgZ Xj{a Zh aV ZhigjXijgV YZa edZbV Zc XjVcid V/

V# C bZgd YZ kZghdh edg Zhigd[V# W# C bZgd YZ kZghdh idiVaZh# X# C bZgd YZ Zhigd[Vh#

AV ^ckZcX^ c YZa hdcZid hZ Vig^WjnZ Va edZiV h^X^a^Vcd ?VXded d <^VXdbd YV AZci^c^! cdiVg^d YZa ZbeZgVYdg ;ZYZg^Xd >>! Zc Za h^\ad M>>>#

Jc hdcZid Zh jcV Xdbedh^X^ c ed i^XV fjZ XdchiV YZ XVidgXZ kZghdh ZcYZXVh aVWdh! Y^hig^Wj^Ydh Zc Ydh XjVgiZidh n Ydh iZgXZidh# Adh XjVgiZidh YZWZc XdbeVgi^g aVh b^hbVh g^bVh! n adh iZgXZidh ejZYZc XdbedcZghZ V \jhid YZa edZiV! Xdc aV c^XV XdcY^X^ c YZ fjZ XdbeVgiVc! Va bZcdh! jcV g^bV#

AZc\jV_Z + ..

Jc^YVY + *

±KVnV DhlVaYd :hXdWVg KZaVYd h fjZ aaZkVWV aV edZh V Zc aV hVc\gZ#

AZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid Xdc YVidh W^d\g{ÉXdh YZ DhlVaYd :hXdWVg KZaVYd# :a iZmid ]V h^Yd gZXgZVYd Xdbd h^ [jZgV jcV XVgiV fjZ iZ Zck V Za edZiV! Vjidg YZa edZbV ¾GZ\Vad eVgV Za c^ d¿# ±=daV Hdn DhlVaYd :hXdWVg KZaVYd! jcd YZ bjX]dh edZiVh hVakVYdgZ dh# ; _ViZ fjZ! hZ\ c bZ ]Vc Y^X]d! VeVgZoXd bZcX^dcVYd Zc aV aîZgVijgV jc^kZghVa# ±:hZ Zh jc \gVc ]dcdg eVgV b CVX Zc HVciV 6cV Zc &.&.# KZc\d YZ [Vbâ^V YZ edZiVh! ejZh b^ bVYgZ! BVg V KZaVYd YZ :hXdWVg! [jZ ]^_V YZa edZiV ôVafjZ d YZa h^\ad M>M 8Va^mid KZaVYd n hdWg^cV YZ ;gVcX^hXd =ZggZgV KZaVYd! ]{Wâ XjZci^hiV n edZiV#

:a edZbV ¾GZ\Vad eVgV Za c^ d¿ ]V h^Yd bjh^XVa^oVYd edg Za hVakVYdgZ d ÙhXVg AjcV Z ^ciZgegZiVYd edg Y^kZghdh XVciVciZh n \gjedh hVakVYdgZ dh# 8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh

8jVcYd ZhiVWV Zc aV I^ZggV! [j^ VWd\VYd YZ egd[Zh^ c# B^h eg^bZgdh edZbVh [jZgdc b{h YZ XdgiZ gdb{ci^Xd/ ]VWaVWV hdWgZ aV a^WZgiVY! Za ^cY^k^YjVa^hbd! aV YZbdXgVX^V! ZiX# EZgd ajZ\d YZhVggdaa jcV dWgV b{h YZ YZcjcX^V n Xdbegdb^hd hdX^Va! Xdbd bjX]dh digdh! YZ VXjZgYd Xdc Za i^Zbed Zc fjZ bZ idX k^k^g# 6YZb{h! h^ZbegZ bZ Zcijh^Vhb aV ^YZV YZ fjZ 8ZcigdVb g^XV [jZgV jcV hdaV eVig^V# ±H ! idYdh adh eV hZh jc^Ydh 9jgVciZ b^ k^YV! \Vc &- egZb^dh ^ciZgcVX^dcVaZh# :hd bZ VaZ\g bjX]d# BZ [j^ YZ ZhiV k^YV Zc HVc HVakVYdg Zc &.+&# EZgd VjcfjZ bZ ]VnV ^Yd! Za aZ\VYd YZ b^ edZh V fjZY eVgV fjZ bjX]dh aV aZnZgVc# BZ ]Vc ejWa^XVYd adh h^\j^ZciZh a^Wgdh YZ edZbVh fjZ ZhXg^W / &% hdcZidh eVgV b^a n b{h dWgZgdh &.*% 0 KdaX{c Zc Za i^Zbed &.** 0 ÒgWda YZ ajX]V n ZheZgVcoV &.*& 0 8g^hidVb g^XV &.*- 0 8jWVb g^XV &.+% 0 6cidad\ V ed i^XV &.+, 0 EVig^V ZmVXiV n digdh edZbVh &.,- # &# :hXg^WZ XdciZhiVcYd V aV XVgiV gZXgZVYV YZa edZiV DhlVaYd :hXdWVg KZaVYd# 8j ciVaZ fj e^ZchVh hdWgZ Za edZbV ¾GZ\Vad eVgV Za c^ d¿# '# :hXg^WZ Ydh kZghdh ZcYZXVh aVWdh YZ ij XgZVX^ c! fjZ g^bZc#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh &%% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY + +

AZZ adh h^\j^ZciZh hdcZidh#

HdcZid YZ gZeZciZ Jc hdcZid bZ bVcYV V ]VXZg K^daVciZ! fjZ Zc b^ k^YV bZ ]Z k^hid Zc iVa Veg^Zid0 XVidgXZ kZghdh Y^XZc fjZ Zh hdcZid0 WjgaV WjgaVcYd! kVc adh igZh YZaVciZ# Nd eZch fjZ cd ]VaaVgV XdchdcVciZ n Zhidn V aV b^iVY YZ digd XjVgiZid0 bVh h^ bZ kZd Zc Za eg^bZg iZgXZid! cd ]Vn XdhV Zc adh XjVgiZidh fjZ bZ ZheVciZ# Edg Za eg^bZg iZgXZid kdn ZcigVcYd! n V c eVgZXZ fjZ Zcig Xdc e^Z YZgZX]d! ejZh Éc Xdc ZhiZ kZghd aZ Zhidn YVcYd# NV Zhidn Zc Za hZ\jcYd! n V c hdheZX]d fjZ Zhidn adh igZXZ kZghdh VXVWVcYd/ XdciVY h^ hdc XVidgXZ n Zhi{ ]ZX]d# AdeZ YZ KZ\V ZheV da

6a[V n dbZ\V

8VWZ aV k^YV ZciZgV Zc jc hdcZid ZbeZoVYd Xdc a{c\j^Yd YZhXj^Yd! n! VeZcVh ^c^X^VYd! ]V igVchXjgg^Yd aV ^c[VcX^V! ^bV\Zc YZa eg^bZg XjVgiZid# AaZ\V aV _jkZcijY Xdc Za hZXgZid YZ aV k^YV! fjZ eVhV ^cVYkZgi^Yd! n fjZ hZ kV iVbW^ c! fjZ nV hZ ]V ^Yd! VciZh YZ ZcigVg Zc Za eg^bZg iZgXZid# BVYjgdh! V b^gVg VnZg idgcVbdh V dgVciZh n! Vch^dhdh! V bV VcV! n Vh Za eg^bZg iZgXZid bVa\VhiVbdh# N XjVcYd Zc Za iZgXZid ai^bd ZcigVbdh! Zh eVgV kZg Xdc ZmeZg^ZcX^V kVcV fjZ hZ VXVWV Za hdcZid###N fjZ cdh kVbdh# BVcjZa BVX]VYd ZheV da &# :hXd\Z jcd! hjhi^ijnZ aVh eVaVWgVh fjZ g^bVc edg digVh fjZ iVbW^ c g^bZc n Y^k^ giZiZ Xdc Za gZhjaiVYd# '# BZbdg oVad n YZXa{bVad Zc jc \gjed# EjZYZh ]VXZg Zfj^ed Xdc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd# AZc\jV_Z + &%&

Jc^YVY +

AZXX^ c )

:a VabV YZ aV edZh V

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj iZ hj\^ZgZc adh h^\j^ZciZh Y^Wj_dh4 ¯Fj hZbZ_VcoVh ZcXjZcigVh ZcigZ Zaadh4 :aVWdgV! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jc a^hiVYd YZ aVh hZbZ_VcoVh#

AZZ Za iZmid Zc kdo VaiV! Xdc ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd n Xdc aV XaVhZ! Xdc ZmegZh^k^YVY n egdcjcX^VX^ c XdggZXiV#

DYV Va e^XVÊdg [gV\bZcidh ^cXVcYZhXZciZ/ Zcgd_ZX^Yd d WaVcfjZVYd edg aV VXX^ c YZa XVadg# [d\ViV/ [jZ\d fjZ aZkVciV bjX]V aaVbV# e^XVÊdg/ e{_Vgd bdhXV# ;g kdad! ^cXdchiVciZ#

&%' AZc\jV_Z +

¾6a Xda^Wg kdaVciZ X]^heV YZ V\jV! ^cXVcYZhXZciZ \diV YZ [jZ\d VbZg^XVcd! gZhjbZc ZcXZcY^Yd YZ aV hZakV! VgXd ^g^h YZ egZX^h^ c XZaZhiZ/ Va e^XVÊdg jc VgXd! jc ]^ad YZ dgd! ±jcV [d\ViV kZgYZ ¿

Jc^YVY +

¾9jZgbZh Zc jcV cjZo! XVWZh Zc jcV b^c hXjaV XdgdaV! ÊZX]V! YZh^\c^d! ZhXjYd! k^WgVX^ c YZ aV b^Za! gVnd YZa edaZc! ZgZh iVc kVaZgdhd fjZ Za ]VaX c Xdc hj cZ\gV ZbeajbVYjgV cd iZ VbZYgZciV/ \^gVh Xdbd ajo Zc aV ajo! V^gZ Zc Za V^gZµ¿ ¾HZb^aaV YZ hda ZgZh! [jZ\d ZbeajbVYd! b^c hXjaV WVcYZgV kdaVYdgV¿#

(

VbZYgZciV/ ^c[jcYZ b^ZYd! ViZbdg^oV# YZh^\c^d/ eZchVb^Zcid! d egde h^id YZa ZciZcY^b^Zcid! VXZeiVYd edg aV kdajciVY# b^c hXjaV/ YZ bjn eZfjZ Vh Y^bZch^dcZh! d YZ bjn edXV Zci^YVY#

:a i gb^cd dYV egdXZYZ YZa \g^Z\d dY ! fjZ h^\c^ÉXV ¾XVcid¿! edgfjZ EVWad CZgjYV Zc hj dg^\Zc ZgV X]âZcd XVciVYV! W^Zc edg jc Xdgd! W^Zc edg jc hda^hiV# AVh dYVh Zc aV edZh V YZ ]dn Zhi{c ZhXgîVh [jZgV YZ adh bVgXdh YZ aV b ig^XV! Zh 8dbZciV Xdc ijh XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh# YZX^g! YZ_Vc fjZ Za gîbd YZ XVYV V# ¯8j{a [jZ ij eg^bZgV ^begZh^ c hdWgZ adh Y^Wj_dh4 ¯N kZghd ad ^bedc\V ZcigZ adh Y^Wj_dh n ad fjZ hZ Y^XZ Zc Za edZbV4 aV ZmiZch^ c YZ jcV W# ¯:m^hiZ Va\jcV gZaVX^ c YZ XdbeVgVX^ c ZcigZ Za VgXd! aV ^YZV d aV ^ciZch^YVY YZ jc hZci^b^Zcid# ÊZX]V n Za e{_Vgd4 ¯8j{a4 X# ¯Fj h^\c^ÉXVYd i^ZcZ eVgV i^ aV [gVhZ/ ¾Va e^XVÊdg jc VgXd! Cd Zhi{c ZhXgîVh Zc Zhigd[Vh! cd hZ jc ]âd YZ dgd¿4 XjZciVc aVh h aVWVh Y# ¯HVWZh fj iêd YZ aZc\jV_Z Zh ZhiZ fjZ ]V jhVYd Za YZ XVYV kZghd! c^ Zh edZiV CZgjYV! YZ ]VXZg XdbeVgVX^dcZh eVgV YVghZ V edh^WaZ YZiZgb^cVg ZciZcYZg4 aV g^bV#

Z# ¯Fj XdbeVgVX^dcZh ]^X^hiZ i ZcigZ Za Xda^Wg n Za VgXd4

AZc\jV_Z + &%(

Jc^YVY +

)

:c Za aZc\jV_Z ed i^Xd! adh edZiVh ZmegZhVc Za XdciZc^Yd V[ZXi^kd fjZ YZhZVc! V igVk h YZ eVaVWgVh fjZ ZkdXVc hZci^b^Zcidh n ZbdX^dcZh#

AZZ Zhidh kZghdh YZ aV ¾DYV Va e^XVÊdg¿# HZb^aaV YZ hda ZgZh! [jZ\d ZbeajbVYd! b^c hXjaV WVcYZgV kdaVYdgV#

&# 9^hXjiZ Xdc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd/ V# ¯Fj Zh eVgV CZgjYV Za e^XVÊdg4 ¯Edg fj XgZZc fjZ Y^XZ Zhd4 W# ¯:c fj hZ eVgZXZ jc e^XVÊdg V jcV ¾hZbâaV YZ hda¿! V jc ¾[jZ\d ZbeajbVYd¿! V jcV ¾b^c hXjaV WVcYZgV kdaVYdgV¿4 X# ¯Fj XaVhZ YZ É\jgV aîZgVg^V Zhi{ jiâôVcYd CZgjYV4 ¯:h jcV XdbeVgVX^ c d Zh ¾XVh^¿ jcV XdbeVgVX^ c4 ¯Edg fj 4 '# :hXg^WVc hjh gZhejZhiVh Zc hj XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z#

IVbW^ c ad hZchdg^Va! Zh YZX^g! ad gZaVi^kd V adh hZci^Ydh! ad bVc^ÉZhiVc V igVk h YZ ZmegZh^dcZh fjZ ZkdXVc hdc^Ydh! dadgZh! iZmijgVh! hVWdgZh! bdk^b^Zcid! Xdadg! [dgbVh! iVbV dh! ZiX#0 n ad XdcXZeijVa! V igVk h YZ ^YZVh n de^c^dcZh# :a Xda^Wg k^kZ Zc idYV 6b g^XV! eg^cX^eVabZciZ Zc aV odcV igde^XVa# HZ Va^bZciV YZa c XiVg YZ aVh ÊdgZh# :c aVh eajbVh YZa Xda^Wg VeVgZXZc Xdc_j\VYdh idYdh adh XdadgZh YZa VgXd ^g^h Zc adh bVi^XZh b{h k^kdh fjZ jc Vgi^hiV ejZYV ^bV\^cVghZ# AV XdaV VYdeiV [dgbVh ZmigV Vh n Zhi{ [dggVYV YZ kVg^dh VYdgcdh# :a e^Xd Zh bjn aVg\d! ejci^V\jYd# :h Za c^Xd e{_Vgd fjZ ejZYZ kdaVg ]VX^V Vig{h# 6YZb{h! ejZYZ hdhiZcZghZ Zc jc ejcid ZmVXid YZa ZheVX^d \gVX^Vh V aV g{e^YV k^WgVX^ c YZ hjh VaVh# &%) AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY +

6cVa^oV! Xdc aV VnjYV YZ ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd! jcV YZ aVh ZmegZh^dcZh ed i^XVh fjZ ]VXZ CZgjYV Zc hj ¾DYV Va e^XVÊdg¿# &# DWhZgkV Za ZhfjZbV Z ^ciZciV XdbegZcYZgad# 8db ciVad Xdc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd# ZgZh

E^XVÊdg eaVcd gZVa/ 6

[jZ\d ZbeajbVYd eaVcd ZkdXVYd/ 7

HZbZ_VcoV YZ Xdadg! bdk^b^Zcid n [dgbV

Bb]]µ :cidcXZh aV bZi{[dgV ^YZci^ÉXV Va\d gZVa Xdc Va\d ^bV\^cVg^d d ZkdXVYd! Xdbd h^ [jZgV ad b^hbd#

'# GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯:h gZVa Za e^XVÊdg4 ¯8 bd Zh [ h^XVbZciZ4 =Vo jcV YZhXgêX^ c ]VWaVYV YZa e^XVÊdg# W# ¯:a [jZ\d Zh gZVa4 ¯8 bd Zh Za [jZ\d4 =Vo jcV YZhXgêX^ c ]VWaVYV YZa [jZ\d# X# ¯=Vh k^hid Va\jcV kZo jc [jZ\d ¾ZbeajbVYd¿4 ¯IZ ejZYZh ^bV\^cVg jc [jZ\d ZbeajbVYd4 ¯Edg fj CZgjYV Y^XZ fjZ Za e^XVÊdg Zh jc [jZ\d ZbeajbVYd4 Y# ¯:c fj hZ VhZbZ_V Za e^XVÊdg Va [jZ\d Zc XjVcid V hjh XdadgZh! hjh bdk^b^Zcidh n hjh [dgbVh4 ¯6 fj ZkdXV jc ¾[jZ\d ZbeajbVYd¿4 AV bZi{[dgV Zh jcV É\jgV aîZgVg^V fjZ Xdch^hiZ Zc jhVg eVaVWgVh d ZmegZh^dcZh Xdc jc h^\c^ÉXVYd Y^hi^cid Va fjZ cdgbVabZciZ aZh XdggZhedcYZ# AV bZi{[dgV hZ YV edg aV jc^ c ZmegZhV ZcigZ Ydh eaVcdh/ Za eaVcd gZVa 6 n Za eaVcd ZkdXVYd 7 # =Vn Ydh XaVhZh YZ bZi{[dgV/ aV ^bejgV! fjZ bVci^ZcZ ZmegZhdh Za eaVcd gZVa n Za ZkdXVYd0 n aV ejgV! fjZ hdad bVci^ZcZ ZmegZhd Za eaVcd ZkdXVYd#

AZc\jV_Z + &%*

Jc^YVY +

6egZcYZ X bd hZ XdchigjnZ aV bZi{[dgV ^bejgV# &# AZZ aV [ gbjaV eVgV aV bZi{[dgV ^bejgV/ 6

kZgWd hZg

'# AZZ adh kZghdh#

IdYd Zh gdcYV Adh Vhigdh hdc gdcYV YZ c^ dh _j\VcYd aV i^ZggV V Zhe^Vgµ Adh ig^\dh hdc iVaaZh YZ c^ Vh _j\VcYd V dcYjaVgµ! V dcYjaVgµ Adh g dh hdc gdcYVh YZ c^ dh _j\VcYd V ZcXdcigVghZ Zc Za bVgµ AVh daVh hdc gdcYVh YZ c^ Vh! _j\VcYd aV i^ZggV V VWgVoVgµ <VWg^ZaV B^higVa X]^aZcV iVaaZ/ Y^hedh^X^ c d egdedgX^ c YZa XjZged ]jbVcd# 8^cijgV YZa XjZged ]jbVcd#

(# 9ZhXjWgZ! Xdc jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd! Xj{aZh hdc aVh

bZi{[dgVh ^bejgVh# JhV aV [ gbjaV# )# :aVWdgV! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jc XjVYgd Xdbd Za

h^\j^ZciZ! Xdc aVh bZi{[dgVh ^bejgVh fjZ ZcXdcigVhiZ# H^\jZ Za Z_Zbead#

EaVcd gZVa/ 6 Adh Vhigdh

kZgWd hZg hdc

eaVcd ZkdXVYd/ 7 gdcYV YZ c^ dh

HZbZ_VcoV YZ [dgbV n bdk^b^Zcid# Edg aV [dgbV Xdbd kZbdh adh Vhigdh XdadXVYdh Zc Za X^Zad! hZ ejZYZc VhZbZ_Vg V jcV gdcYV YZ c^ dh fjZ \^gVc! hZ bjZkZc n _jZ\Vc bdk^b^Zcid #

&%+ AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY +

6egZcYZ X bd hZ [dgbV aV bZi{[dgV ejgV# &# AZZ aV [ gbjaV eVgV YZiZXiVgaV/

7 Zc aj\Vg YZ 6

'# AZZ adh kZghdh#

8dgYZg^id 8dgYZg^id b d! hjVk^YVY XVaaVYV/ b^ eZX]d Zh ij \gjiV YZ bjh\d V[ZaeVYV#

GZXjZgYV fjZ aV bZi{[dgV Zh Y^[ZgZciZ Va h bâ# :c Za h bâ XdbeVgVbdh Y^X^ZcYd/ Zhid Zh Xdbd VfjZaad# AV bZi{[dgV Y^XZ/ Zhid Zh VfjZaad# D hZcXâaVbZciZ cdbWgV ad fjZ Zh#

8VgcZX^iV WaVcXV! iV_VYV YZ ajcV/ ad ]Z dak^YVYd idYd edg ]VXZgbZ XjcV# <VWg^ZaV B^higVa X]^aZcV

(# 9ZhXjWgZ aVh bZi{[dgVh ejgVh Zc adh kZghdh#

)# :aVWdgV! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jc XjVYgd Xdbd Za h^\j^ZciZ! Xdc aV digV bZi{[dgV ejgV fjZ ZcXdcigVhiZ# H^\jZ Za Z_Zbead# EaVcd 7 ZkdXVYd Zc aj\Vg YZ HjVk^YVY XVaaVYV

EaVcd 6 gZVa 8dgYZg^id

HZbZ_VcoV YZ iZmijgV n YZ VjhZcX^V YZ hdc^Yd# :a eZad n aV e^Za YZa XdgYZgd i^ZcZc aV XjVa^YVY YZ hZg hjVkZh# IVbW^ c! adh XdgYZgdh hdc bVchdh n ZhV bVchZYjbWgZ aZh ejZYZ eZgb^i^g bdhigVghZ fj^Zidh! XVaaVYdh! Zc h^aZcX^d! XjVcYd Va\j^Zc adh XVg\V d VggjaaV Zc adh WgVodh#

AZc\jV_Z + &%,

Jc^YVY + -

7jhXV digVh bZi{[dgVh Zc Za edZbV ¾DYV Va e^XVÊdg¿ Z ^cY^XV fj gZaVX^ c YZ hZbZ_VcoV ]Vn ZcigZ Za Xda^Wg n Za dW_Zid d hZg Xdc Za XjVa hZ VhdX^V# =Voad Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z#

AZZ n XdcdXZ jc edXd YZa \gVc ZhXg^idg aVi^cdVbZg^XVcd EVWad CZgjYV! Vjidg YZ ¾DYV Va e^XVÊdg¿#

CZgjYV h^\jZ k^kd V igVk h YZ hjh edZbVh# :h jcd YZ adh ZhXg^idgZh fjZ hje^Zgdc ZhXg^W^g bZi{[dgVh YZ jcV XgZVi^k^YVY n WZaaZoV ZmigVdgY^cVg^V# &%

CVX^ Zc 8]âZ Zc &.%) n bjg^ Zc &.,(# Hj kZgYVYZgd cdbWgZ ZgV CZ[iVa G^XVgYd GZnZh 7VhdVaid# Jiâô Za hZjY c^bd YZ EVWad CZgjYV eVgV ZkîVg gZeg^bZcYVh YZ hj eVYgZ! fj^Zc cd fjZg V fjZ hj ]^_d [jZgV edZiV# :c &.,& gZX^W^ Za EgZb^d CdWZa YZ AîZgVijgV# :cigZ hjh XgZVX^dcZh ed i^XVh! hZ YZhiVXVc/ KZ^ciZ edZbVh YZ Vbdg n jcV XVcX^ c YZhZheZgVYV! GZh^YZcX^V Zc aV I^ZggV n 8Vcid \ZcZgVa# :hXg^WZ ijh egde^Vh ZmegZh^dcZh ed i^XVh# 9 _ViZ \j^Vg edg ij bVZhigV d bVZhigd# V# 8^ZggV ijh d_dh edg jc bdbZcid n e^ZchV Zc eV^hV_Zh YZ jc VbW^ZciZ cVijgVa! Zc jcV eZghdcV! Zc jc Vc^bVa fjZ iZ V\gVYZ! Zc Va\ c Vhigd! hZg d XgZVX^ c YZa jc^kZghd# W# :hXg^WZ kZghdh! Xdc aZc\jV_Z ed i^Xd! n ZmegZhV aVh hZchVX^dcZh n hZci^b^Zcidh fjZ iZ ^che^gV# X# JiâôV bZi{[dgVh eVgV ZmegZhVg ad fjZ h^ZciZh! eZgX^WZh! e^ZchVh d gZXjZgYVh# JhV aVh [ gbjaVh fjZ VegZcY^hiZ/ 6

kZgWd hZg

7 Zc aj\Vg YZ 6 Y# AZZ! Xdc ZmegZh^k^YVY! ij ZhXg^id V jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd# Z# GZk^hV Za edZbV YZ jcV XdbeV ZgV d jc XdbeV Zgd n kZg^ÉXV fjZ ]VnV jhVYd bZi{[dgVh# [# 8dbZciV fj hZchVX^dcZh n hZci^b^Zcidh XVeiVhiZ YZ aVh ZmegZh^dcZh ed i^XVh YZ ij XdbeV ZgV d XdbeV Zgd#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh &%- AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY +

AZXX^ c * &

6a Xdbe{h YZ aVh WdbWVh

DWhZgkV adh Y^Wj_dh# EgZY^XZ h^ aV aZXX^ c igViVgV YZ/

• • • •

AVh kZgYVYZh hdWgZ aV k^YV# 6Y^k^cVcoVh n X]^hiZh# ;gVhZh edejaVgZh Y^kZgi^YVh# EdZbVh#

6WjZaîd! n jhiZY! XjVcYd XdcdX^ V b^ VWjZaîV AdaV! ¯X bd ]ôd eVgV ZcVbdgVgaV4

±6] ! Zh fjZ VciZh jcd ZgV W^Zc Vk^heVYd# Jcd ^WV V aVh ÉZhiVh n V] ! Va hdc YZa WV^aZ n aVh XVcX^dcZh! jcd YZX V! b^gVcYd V aV bjX]VX]V fjZ aZ \jhiVWV! Va\jcVh [gVhZX^iVh Xdbd ZhiVh/ 8jVcYd eVh edg ij XVhV$ bZ i^gVhiZ jc a^b c#$ :a a^b c bZ Y^d Zc aV XVgV$n Za ojbd Zc b^ XdgVo c# 6h ZaaV ZciZcY V fjZ Za Vbdg YZ jcd ZgV YZ ZaaV# ±?V! _V! _V

:hXjX]V Xdc ViZcX^ c adh iZmidh fjZ aZZg{ ij bVZhigd d bVZhigV# ; _ViZ Zc aV ZcidcVX^ c! Za kdajbZc YZ aV kdo n Zc adh \Zhidh fjZ ]VXZ# 9ZhYZ b^ i^ZggV ]Z kZc^Yd VggVhigVcYd ZhiZ oVeVid! hdad edg kZc^giZ V kZg :c aV XjbWgZ YZ jc XVgY c h^ ZgVc ijh d_dh YZ \Vid# XVciVWVc igZh Vc^bVaZh! jcd eVgZX V \dgg^ c n adh digdh XVgYZcVaZh0 ±Vn ! fj eVgZX^Ydh hdc! eZgd cjcXV hdc ^\jVaZh#

Fj Wdc^idh d_dh i^ZcZh! gZYdcY^idh Xdbd Za hda! hZ eVgZXZc V adh XZgdh fjZ bZ ejhd Za egd[Zhdg#

AZc\jV_Z + &%.

Jc^YVY +

(

AVh WdbWVh cd hdc edZbVh! VjcfjZ Zhi c ZhXg^iVh Zc kZghd! [dgbZc Zhigd[Vh! iZc\Vc g^bV n jhZc aZc\jV_Z É\jgVYd# AV Y^[ZgZcX^V Zh fjZ aVh WdbWVh ZmegZhVc [gVhZh Y^kZgi^YVh Z ^begdk^hVYVh! cd ZmegZhVc hZci^b^Zcidh n ZbdX^dcZh ) egd[jcYVh Xdbd adh edZbVh#

8dbZciV Xdc ijh XdbeV Zgdh n XdbeV ZgVh YZ \gjed/ ¯fj iZ \jhi b{h YZ adh kZghdh aZ Ydh n edg fj 4 ¯:c fj bdbZcidh XgZZh fjZ edYg Vc YZX^ghZ Zhidh kZghdh n eVgV fj^ c4 ¯8gZZh fjZ hdc edZbVh4 ¯Edg fj 4 AV igVY^X^ c dgVa Zhi{ XdbejZhiV edg jcV ^cÉc^YVY YZ bVgVkâaVh aîZgVg^Vh Xdbd hdc/ VY^k^cVcoVh! X]^hiZh! kâaVcX^Xdh! e^gdedh! igVWVaZc\jVh! WdbWVh! XVcX^dcZh eVgV _j\Vg! ZiX#

AVh WdbWVh hdc Xdbedh^X^dcZh hZcXâaVh! YZ \gVc XgZVi^k^YVY! fjZ aVh eZghdcVh ^begdk^hVc Zc gZjc^dcZh d Zc ÉZhiVh [Vbâ^VgZh Xdc Za Éc YZ Y^kZgi^g# DWhZgkV aV eVaVWgV gZbVgXVYV Zc Zhidh kZghdh YZ jcV YZ aVh WdbWVh aZ YVh# GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj h^\c^ÉXV ZhiV eVaVWgV4 ¯Fj ZmegZhV4 ±Vn ! fj eVgZX^Ydh hdc! eZgd cjcXV hdc ^\jVaZh# AV eVaVWgV ±Vn eZgiZcZXZ V aVh ^ciZg_ZXX^dcZh# :hiVh hdc eVaVWgVh fjZ hZ ZbeaZVc eg^cXêVabZciZ Zc Za aZc\jV_Z dgVa! bjX]Vh kZXZh Xdbd ZmegZh^dcZh YZ YZhV]d\d d Zmeadh^dcZh YZ Zbdi^k^YVY# H^ZbegZ hZ ZhXg^WZc ZcigZ h^\cdh YZ ZmXaVbVX^ c#

>ckZhi^\V fj WdbWVh XdcdXZc ijh VWjZadh! VWjZaVh j digV eZghdcV YZ ij [Vb^a^V d Xdbjc^YVY# :hXg WZaVh Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z#

GZ cZiZ Xdc ijh XdbeV Zgdh n XdbeV ZgVh! n eVgi^X^eV Zc Za _jZ\d fjZ dg\Vc^oVg{ ij bVZhigd d bVZhigV# GZXjZgYV Va\jcVh WdbWVh fjZ nV XdcdXZh# 6eg cYZiZ aVh h^\j^ZciZh Zhigd[Vh eVgV _j\Vg Xdc b{h Zcijh^Vhbd# CVgVc_V YjaXZ! a^b c eVgi^Yd CVgVc_V YjaXZ! a^b c eVgi^Yd! YVbZ jc VWgVod fjZ nd iZ e^Yd#

H^ [jZgVc [Vahdh b^h _jgVbZcidh! Zc edXd i^Zbed hZ dak^YVg{c#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh &&% AZc\jV_Z +

IdXV aV bVgX]V b^ eZX]d aadgV0 VY^ h! hZ dgV! nd nV bZ kdn V b^ XVh^iV YZ hdadadn V XdbZg iVXdh n cd aZ Ydn# ±7dbWV eVgV####

DW_Zi^kdh YZa iZgXZg ig^bZhigZ JC>969 , &# :megZhVg hj de^c^ c hdWgZ iZbVh YZ ^ciZg h XdbjcîVg^d V eVgi^g YZ aV ^ciZgegZiVX^ c n XgZVX^ c YZ XVg^XVijgVh hdX^VaZh eVgi^XêVcYd XdchigjXi^kV n gZheZijdhVbZciZ eVgV [dgiVaZXZg hj [dgbVX^ c X^jYVYVcV# '# JiâôVg VYkZgW^dh n eVaVWgVh ]db [dcVh! ]db \gV[Vh n Vci c^bVh eVgV ZmegZhVg ^YZVh d hîjVX^dcZh Xdc XgZVi^k^YVY Z ^ciZg h! kVadgVcYd aV XdggZXiV ZhXgîjgV n aVh ed" h^Wâ^YVYZh YZ ZmegZh^ c fjZ d[gZXZc! V Éc YZ [dgiVaZXZg hj ^c^X^Vi^kV n Zcg^fjZXZg hj ZmegZh^ c dgVa n ZhXgîV#

JC>969 &# AZZg n ZhXg^W^g iZmidh ^c[dgbVi^kdh n Zmedhî^kdh! gZaVi^kdh V Y^kZghdh iZbVh! Xdc aV ^ciZcX^ c YZ VcVaôVg hj ZhigjXijgV n ZcXdcigVg hjh ^YZVh eg^cXêVaZh n hZXjcYVg^Vh! eVgV XdbegZcYZgadh bZ_dg0 iVbW^ c hZ ZhijY^Vg{c Va\jcdh ZaZbZcidh \gVbVi^XVaZh Xdbd adh Y^kZghdh iêdh YZ dgVX^dcZh# '# :aVWdgVg YdXjbZcidh YZ jiâ^YVY! Xdbd cdiVh n hda^XîjYZh! iZc^ZcYd Xj^YVYd YZ ZhXg^W^g XdggZXiVbZciZ adh YZiZgb^cVciZh XVgY^cVaZh! Vh Xdbd aVh egZedh^X^dcZh b{h jiâôVYVh Zc Zhidh XVhdh# (# :aVWdgVg ^c[dgbZh n gZh bZcZh VXZgXV YZ aV ^c[dgbVX^ c aZ YV d XdchjaiVYV0 n bV" eVh XdcXZeijVaZh Xdbd dg\VcôVYdgZh YZ aV ^c[dgbVX^ c! jiâôVcYd adh XdcZXidgZh iZmijVaZh VYZXjVYdh n Va\jcdh ZaZbZcidh dgid\g{ÉXdh Xdbd aV iâYZ Y^VXg i^XV n aVh XdbâaVh#

JC>969 . &# AZZg! gZXdcdXZg Z ^ciZgegZiVg adh iZmidh Vg\jbZciVi^kdh! edg bZY^d YZa Vc{a^h^h YZ hj ZhigjXijgV iZh^h! Vg\jbZcidh n XdcXajh^ c ! V Éc YZ YZhVggdaaVg hj XdbegZch^ c aZXidgV n hj hZ\jg^YVY n XVeVX^YVY egdedhî^kV# '# :hXg^W^g iZmidh Vg\jbZciVi^kdh hdWgZ iZb{i^XVh XdcigdkZgh^VaZh YZ ^bedgiVcX^V Vb" W^ZciVa! hdX^Va! [Vbâ^Vg d ZYjXVi^kV! jiâôVcYd aV ZhigjXijgV YZ ZhiZ iêd YZ iZmidh! Xdc aV ÉcVa^YVY YZ YZhVggdaaVg Za eZchVb^Zcid Xg i^Xd n hj XVeVX^YVY YZ ZmedcZg! Zmea^XVg n _jhi^ÉXVg hjh egde^Vh ^YZVh#

AZc\jV_Z + &&&

Jc^YVY , AZXX^ c & 6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV n aZZ adh Y^{ad\dh fjZ ^ciZgXVbW^Vc adh eZghdcV_Zh#

6 XdbegZcYZg '

GZhedcYZ V aVh h^\j^ZciZh egZ\jciVh/ V# ¯8j{a iZmid iZ eVgZXZ b{h ^ciZgZhVciZ4 ¯Edg fj 4 W# ¯Edg fj Zhi{c ig^hiZh adh odbededh YZ bVnd4 X# ¯8j{a XgZZh fjZ Zh aV eVgiZ ]jbdg hi^XV YZ aV XVg^XVijgV4 ¯Edg fj 4 Y# >bV\^cV fjZ jc cjZkd eZghdcV_Z ^ciZgk^ZcZ Zc aV XVg^XVijgV# ¯Fj XgZZh fjZ Y^g V4 :hXg WZad Zc ij XjVYZgcd#

:a Vjidg YZ aV XVg^XVijgV fjZ VeVgZXZ Zc ZhiV e{\^cV Zh Za hVakVYdgZ d 8Vgadh 6a[gZYd Gj^o Bd^hV! bZ_dg XdcdX^Yd Xdbd GJO#

&&' AZc\jV_Z +

BZ ^c[dgbd Xdc ]jbdg 8Vg^XVijgVh eVgV eZchVg

Jc^YVY ,

AV XVg^XVijgV ejZYZ hZg jc gZigVid Y^hidgh^dcVYd YZ jcV eZghdcV! \ZcZgVabZciZ ]jbdg hi^Xd! d aV gZegZhZciVX^ c YZ jcV h^ijVX^ c edg bZY^d YZ jcV k^ ZiV# AVh k^ ZiVh Zhi{c XdbejZhiVh edg kVg^dh XjVYgdh fjZ gZegZhZciVc jcV hZXjZcX^V YZ VXX^dcZh#

(

DWhZgkV digV XVg^XVijgV YZ GJO n XdbZciV! Zc Za VjaV! aV Xg i^XV d aV WjgaV fjZ ^ajhigV# V# ¯Edg fj Zc ZhiV XVg^XVijgV hZ XdbeVgV aV eaVnV Xdc jc WVhjgZgd4 W# ¯8gZZh fjZ idYdh YZWZc egZdXjeVghZ YZa Xj^YVYd YZ cjZhigVh eaVnVh4 ¯Edg fj 4 X# ¯Fj YV dh ejZYZ egdkdXVg aV WVhjgV YZ aVh eaVnVh V adh Vc^bVaZh4! ¯n V aVh eZghdcVh4 Y# ¯8j{a Zh aV eVgiZ Xg i^XV n aV eVgiZ ]jbdg hi^XV YZ ZhiV XVg^XVijgV4

±?V! _V! _V fjZ X]^hidhdh adh ode^adiZh

AZc\jV_Z + &&(

Jc^YVY ,

AV XVg^XVijgV hdX^Va Xg^i^XV d hZ WjgaV YZ Va\jcVh XdhijbWgZh! VXX^dcZh n de^c^dcZh YZ jcV hdX^ZYVY# EVgV Zaad! XgZV n gZigViV eZghdcV_Zh Zc h^ijVX^dcZh YZ aV k^YV Xdi^Y^VcV#

6 ZhXg^W^g )

DWhZgkV n Za^\Z jcd YZ adh h^\j^ZciZh iZbVh eVgV ]VXZg jcV XVg^XVijgV#

JcV XVg^XVijgV hdX^Va ejZYZ hZgk^g eVgV XdcdXZg aVh [dgbVh YZ k^k^g n adh iZbVh ^bedgiVciZh YZ jcV edXV#

V 9^Wj_V Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z aV XVg^XVijgV hdX^Va YZa iZbV fjZ ZaZ\^hiZ# W :c eVgZ_V! ^ciZgXVbW^V aVh XVg^XVijgVh n ZmegZhV ad fjZ ^ciZgegZiVh YZa Y^Wj_d d adh Y^Wj_dh YZ jc XdbeV Zgd d jcV XdbeV ZgV#

&&) AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY , *

AZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ e{ggV[d# Fj^o{ Za XVg^XVijg^hiV GJO hZV bjn [Vbdhd Zc :a HVakVYdg# EZgd! V ad bZ_dg! bjn edXVh eZghdcVh XdcdXZc hj kZgYVYZgd cdbWgZ/ 8Vgadh 6a[gZYd Gj^o Bd^hV# EgdWVWaZbZciZ ad fjZ V b bZ XdhiVg V jc bjcYd Y^Wj_Vg jcV XVg^XVijgV! eVgV GJO Zh eVc Xdb^Yd#

DWhZgkV aVh eVaVWgVh fjZ VeVgZXZc YZhiVXVYVh Zc Za e{ggV[d# GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj i^ed YZ eVaVWgVh hdc4

:m^hiZc Y^hi^cidh i^edh YZ VYkZgW^dh# Edg hj h^\c^ÉXVYd ejZYZc hZg YZ VÉgbVX^ c! cZ\VX^ c! YjYV! X^gXjchiVcX^Vh! aj\Vg! i^Zbed! bdYd n XVci^YVY#

6YkZgW^dh YZ bdYd

6YkZgW^dh YZ YjYV

W^Zc

fj^o{h

bVa

iVa kZo

V ZhXdcY^YVh

VXVhd

^\jVa

V ad bZ_dg

YZ eg^hV

edh^WaZbZciZ

N aV bVndg V YZ adh iZgb^cVYdh Zc "bZciZ/ VbVWaZbZciZ! [{X^abZciZ! ZiX#

GZXjZgYV fjZ aV eVaVWgV VYkZgW^d h^\c^ÉXV ¾_jcid Va kZgWd¿ n hj [jcX^ c Zh XdbeaZbZciVg Va kZgWd! c XaZd YZa egZY^XVYd#

egdWVWaZbZciZ fj^o{

JiâôVcYd VYkZgW^dh YZ bdYd! YZhXg^WZ X bd gZVaôVh aVh h^\j^ZciZh VXX^dcZh/ XdX^cVg! hVaiVg! aZZg! XVciVg! Y^Wj_Vg! gZ g# GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj VXi^k^YVY edYg Vh ]VXZg bZ_dg4 8dbeVgiZ ij gZhejZhiV Xdc ijh XdbeV Zgdh n XdbeV ZgVh#

EZchVcYd Zc Za [jijgd! ^bV\^cV X bd hZg{c adh XVggdh! aVh XVaaZh! adh _jZ\dh j digVh XdhVh# :hXg^WZ X bd iZ ^bV\^cVh Za [jijgd! ji^a^oVcYd VYkZgW^dh YZ YjYV# IgViV YZ cd gZeZi^g c^c\jcd#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z + &&*

Jc^YVY ,

AZXX^ c '

JcV XVg^XVijgV kVaZ b{h fjZ b^a eVaVWgVh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aV XVg^XVijgV Xdc bjX]V ViZcX^ c#

8dbZciV/ ¯fj Zhi{ ]VX^ZcYd BV[VaYV4

6 XdbegZcYZg (

GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯Edg fj BV[VaYV aZ ]V ejZhid jcV kZcYV n jc iZgb bZigd Va bjcYd4 W# ¯Fj h^ijVX^dcZh edYg Vc Zc[ZgbVg Va bjcYd4 X# ¯Edg fj XgZZh fjZ V BV[VaYV aZ egZdXjeV iVcid ad fjZ aZ eVhV Va

bjcYd4

&&+ AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY ,

AV XVg^XVijgV iVbW^ c gZigViV V igVk h YZ jc dW_Zid d jc eZghdcV_Z YZiZgb^cVYd jc iZbV ^c[dgbVi^kd YZ ^ciZg h hdX^Va#

)

6aZXjh Zh Za hZjY c^bd Vgi hi^Xd YZa DWhZgkV ViZciVbZciZ aV h^\j^ZciZ XVg^XVijgV h^bW a^XV ]ZX]V XVg^XVijg^hiV YZ dg^\Zc bZm^XVcd edg 6aZXjh# G^XVgYd 8aZbZci# 8jVcYd ZgV 8VaZciVb^Zcid \adWVa c^ d! h^ZbegZ ]VX V Y^Wj_dh Y^kZgi^Ydh V ZhXdcY^YVh# 6]dgV Y^Wj_V W^Zc! eZgd egZÉZgZ ]VXZgad YZ e^Z Zc Za [dcYd YZ aV gZYVXX^ c YZ jc eZg^ Y^Xd#

Adh XVg^XVijg^hiVh ZmegZhVc hj de^c^ c edg bZY^d YZ hjh Y^Wj_dh#

AVh Ydh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh eg^cX^eVaZh YZ aV XVg^XVijgV hdc aV Xg i^XV n Za ]jbdg#

AZc\jV_Z + &&,

Jc^YVY , *

GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯Edg fj HVciV 8aVjh hZ fjZYV V aV b^iVY YZa XVb^cd4 W# ¯Fj aZ ]V eVhVYd V ZhZ aVYd YZa eaVcZiV YdcYZ hdad ]Vn YZh^Zgid4 X# ¯8 bd XgZZh fjZ hZ ejZYZ Zk^iVg Za XVaZciVb^Zcid \adWVa4

DWhZgkV aV h^ijVX^ c# GZhedcYZ/ ¯edg fj Za hZ dg hZ VaZ\gV YZ ad fjZ Y^XZ Za c^ d4

:a kZgWd ]VWZg V kZXZh hZ ji^a^oV ^cXdggZXiVbZciZ XjVcYd YZX^bdh/ ¾:heZgd fjZ ]V^\V kZc^Yd ij bVb{¿#

±Fj kZaad

Ad XdggZXid Zh/ ¾:heZgd fjZ ]VnV kZc^Yd ij bVb{¿# ,

:c ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z ^ckZciV Z ^ajhigV jcV h^ijVX^ c \gVX^dhV fjZ hZ \ZcZgZ Va Xdc[jcY^g aVh eVaVWgVh ¾XVnd¿ n ¾XVaad¿#

AVh eVaVWgVh ]db [dcVh hdc aVh fjZ hZ egdcjcX^Vc ^\jVa! eZgd hZ ZhXg^WZc YZ [dgbV Y^[ZgZciZ n i^ZcZc Y^hi^cid h^\c^ÉXVYd# :_Zbeadh/ ijkd"ijWd! kVg c"WVg c! ]^ZgWV"]^ZgkV#

&&- AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY , -

7jhXV Za h^\c^ÉXVYd YZ aVh eVaVWgVh YZa Z_Zbead n ZhXg^WZ Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z jcV dgVX^ c Xdc XVYV jcV#

8dc ijh XdbeV ZgVh n XdbeV Zgdh YZ Zfj^ed! ]Vo ad h^\j^ZciZ/

&# >ckZhi^\V digdh Z_Zbeadh YZ eVaVWgVh ]db [dcVh n ZhXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jcV eZfjZ V YZhXgêX^ c YZ jc eZghdcV_Z YZ XVg^XVijgV! jiâôVcYd aVh eVaVWgVh fjZ ]VaaVhiZ# '# 9^hXjiZ n Zmea^XV edg fj Zh ^bedgiVciZ ZhXg^W^g XdggZXiVbZciZ aVh eVaVWgVh ]db [dcVh# (# :c ij XjVYZgcd! XdbeaZiV aV h^\j^ZciZ VÉgbVX^ c hZ\ c XgZVh XdckZc^ZciZ/ 8jVcYd cdh Xdbjc^XVbdh dgVabZciZ n jiâôVbdh eVaVWgVh ]db [dcVh! cd Zh [gZXjZciZ fjZ hZ YZc Xdc[jh^dcZh edgfjZµ

DWhZgkV Za h^\j^ZciZ XjVYgd/ 6

XZgXV

aZ_dh

{\^a

aZcid

ajo

dhXjg^YVY

Vaid

WV_d

aadgVg

gZ g

Vgg^WV

VWV_d

VYZcigd

V[jZgV

bZci^gV

kZgYVY

WdcYVY

bVaYVY

Y V

cdX]Z

[{X^abZciZ

Y^[ X^abZciZ

aVg\d

Xdgid

hjW^g

WV_Vg AZc\jV_Z + &&.

Jc^YVY ,

Adh hjhiVci^kdh! kZgWdh! VY_Zi^kdh n VYkZgW^dh ejZYZc hZg Vci c^bdh ZcigZ h #

GZhjZakZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! ad h^\j^ZciZ/ &# :hXg^WZ aV gZaVX^ c fjZ ZcXjZcigVh ZcigZ aVh eVaVWgVh YZ aV XdajbcV 6 Xdc aVh eVaVWgVh YZ aV XdajbcV 7# '# :hXg^WZ jc cdbWgZ V XVYV jcd YZ adh eZghdcV_Zh YZ aVh ^ajhigVX^dcZh n hZaZXX^dcV aVh eVaVWgVh fjZ aZh XdggZhedcYVc Zc aV XdajbcV 6 d Zc aV 7# (# >ckZciV jc XjZcid YZ Ydh eZghdcV_Zh fjZ hZVc XdbeaZiVbZciZ Y^[ZgZciZh \jhidh! XVgVXiZg hi^XVh! VXi^k^YVYZh # IgViV YZ Xdbjc^XVg fjZ aVh Y^[ZgZcX^Vh ZcigZ aVh eZghdcVh cd YZWZc XgZVg WVggZgVh eVgV aV Vb^hiVY n aV XddeZgVX^ c#

AV eVaVWgV ]db \gV[d egdk^ZcZ YZa egZÉ_d ]dbd" fjZ h^\c^ÉXV ¾^\jVa¿! n YZ "\gV[d! fjZ h^\c^ÉXV ¾ZhXg^ijgV¿! Zh YZX^g! YZ ^\jVa ZhXg^ijgV# &'

)# >YZci^ÉXV adh VYkZgW^dh! VY_Zi^kdh! kZgWdh n hjhiVci^kdh Zc ij XjZcid n ZhXg WZadh Zc jc a^hiVYd! Y^[ZgZcX^VcYd XVYV i^ed YZ eVaVWgV# *# EgZhZciV ij igVWV_d V ijh XdbeV Zgdh n XdbeV ZgVh#

AVh eVaVWgVh Vci c^bVh hdc aVh fjZ i^ZcZc h^\c^ÉXVYdh dejZhidh d XdcigVg^dh# :_Zbead/ dgYZc"YZhdgYZc! \gVcYZ"eZfjZ d! Xdchigj^g"YZhigj^g! iZbegVcd"iVgYZ! ZiX#

:c ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! XdbeaZiV aVh h^\j^ZciZh dgVX^dcZh! hZaZXX^dcVcYd aV eVaVWgV VYZXjVYV YZa gZXjVYgd fjZ Zhi{ Va ÉcVa# EVgV ]VXZg WjZcVh XVg^XVijgVh! YZWZh hZg jcV eZghdcV TTTTTTTTT! cd TTTTTTTTTTTTT# H^ egVXi^XVh TTTTTTTTTTTTT kZXZh! cd iZcYg{h TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT dedgijc^YVYZh YZ bZ_dgVg ijh Y^Wj_dh# :c jc Y V TTTTTTTTTTTT! jcV XVg^XVijgV ejZYZ YVgiZ jc bdbZcid TTTTTTTTTTTTT#

ig^hiZ Y^higV YV bjX]Vh VaZ\gZ dWhZgkVYdgV edXVh

&'% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY ,

AZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ X]^hiZ/ ½±BVb{! bVb{ BZ Vhjhi jcV XjaZWgV# ½¯8dWgV! ]^_d4 ½Cd! \gVi^h#

GZhedcYZ/ ¯edg fj hZ Y^d aV Xdc[jh^ c Xdc aV eVaVWgV ¾XdWgV¿4

AVh eVaVWgVh fjZ hZ ZhXg^WZc ^\jVa eZgd i^ZcZc Y^[ZgZciZ h^\c^ÉXVYd hZ aaVbVc ]db \gV[Vh# :_Zbeadh/ k^cd YZa kZgWd kZc^g n k^cd WZW^YV #

7jhXV! Zc Za Y^XX^dcVg^d! adh Y^[ZgZciZh h^\c^ÉXVYdh YZ aVh h^\j^ZciZh eVaVWgVh/ nZbV! Wdi c! i^bWgZ! Wdcîd! h^gZcV! aaVkZ n eâV# &# HZaZXX^dcV jcV YZ ZaaVh# '# >ckZciV Z âjhigV jc X]^hiZ! V eVgi^g

YZ aV Xdc[jh^ c fjZ hZ ejZYZ YVg Va ^ciZgegZiVg Za h^\c^ÉXVYd ^cVYZXjVYd#

(# B^gV ZhiZ Z_Zbead/

AZc\jV_Z + &'&

Jc^YVY AZXX^ c &

CjZhigd bjcYd ^c[dgbVi^kd 8jZcid b^ k^YV

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aVh ^ajhigVX^dcZh n aZZ aV egZ\jciV#

¯Fj^ c hdn nd4

6 XdbegZcYZg '

&'' AZc\jV_Z +

GZaViV aV k^YV YZa c^ d fjZ VeVgZXZ Zc aVh ^ajhigVX^dcZh#

Jc^YVY -

6 aZZg (

AZZ! Zc eVgZ_V! Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid#

7jhXVcYd V BVg^d Jc Y V! aV egd[ZhdgV YZ hZmid YZ_ aV iVgZV YZ ZhXg^W^g jcV VjidW^d\gV[ V# 9Zhej h YZ jc WgZkZ hâZcX^d! Va\jcdh c^ dh n c^ Vh aV b^gVgdc h^c ZciZcYZg n ZaaV Zmea^X / ¾JhiZYZh cd cZXZhîVc hZg bVndgZh eVgV XdciVg aV ]^hidg^V YZ hj k^YV edg ZhXgîd¿# EVgV [VXâîVg aV iVgZV! aV egd[ZhdgV ^cY^X fjZ YZW Vc gZhedcYZg ZhiVh egZ\jciVh/ ¯Fj^ c hdn nd4 ¯Fj^ cZh ^ciZ\gVc b^ [Vbâ^V4 ¯8dc fj^ cZh iZc\d jcV bZ_dg gZaVX^ c n edg fj 4 ¯8j{a ]V h^Yd jcd YZ adh XVbW^dh b{h ^bedgiVciZh YZ b^ k^YV4 ¯8 bd bZ kV Zc aV ZhXjZaV4 ¯8j{aZh hdc adh cjZkdh gZidh4 AV eg^bZgV VjidW^d\gV[ V fjZ aZn aV egd[ZhdgV YZX V Vh / B^ cdbWgZ Zh BVg^d ?dh BZc cYZo 8gjo# Nd cVX jc &( YZ bVnd! ]VXZ YdXZ V dh! Zc HVc HVakVYdg# B^ cdbWgZ Zh Za b^hbd YZ b^ VWjZad eViZgcd# B^ [Vbâ^V b{h XZgXVcV aV Xdc[dgbVc b^h eVYgZh! b^ VWjZad n b^ ]ZgbVcV# B^ bVb{ hZ aaVbV HVcYgV 8gjo YZ BZc cYZo! n b^ eVe{! 6cidc^d BZc cYZo# B^ ]ZgbVcV bVndg i^ZcZ fj^cXZ V dh n hZ aaVbV 8aVjY^V BZc cYZo 8gjo# IVbW^ c iZc\d digdh eVg^ZciZh V fj^ZcZh fj^Zgd0 eZgd cdh kZbdh edXd# BZ aaZkd bjn W^Zc Xdc b^ ]ZgbVcV edgfjZ ZaaV bZ VnjYV XjVcYd cd Zci^ZcYd aVh iVgZVh! ZheZX^VabZciZ aVh YZ BViZb{i^XV# B^h eVe{h bZ fj^ZgZc bjX]d n nd adh fj^Zgd iVbW^ c# H^ZbegZ fjZ bZ edgid bVa! bZ YVc XdchZ_dh# :aadh bZ Y^XZc fjZ fj^Zc cd dnZ XdchZ_d cd aaZ\V V k^Z_d# 6 adh XjVigd d X^cXd V dh ZbeZX V Vh^hi^g Va ` cYZg# :a eg^bZg Y V YZ XaVhZh fjZg V ZhiVg idYV aV bV VcV _j\VcYd Zc jc YZhaôVYZgd! cd fjZg V ZcigVg Va hVa c# Jc \gVc XVbW^d Zc b^ k^YV [jZ XjVcYd Zc Za igVWV_d VhXZcY^Zgdc V b^ eVe{ n cdh ijk^bdh fjZ ^g V k^k^g V HVc B^\jZa# Nd ZhiVWV Zc hZ\jcYd \gVYd n ijkZ fjZ YZheZY^gbZ YZ b^ bZ_dg Vb^\V! 8Va^miV ?j{gZo# AZ Y^_Z Xj{cid aV fjZg V n ZaaV bZ Y^_d fjZ iVbW^ c bZ fjZg V bjX]d#

AZc\jV_Z + &'(

Jc^YVY -

:c b^ cjZkV ZhXjZaV ZhiVWV ig^hiZ edgfjZ cd XdcdX V V cVY^Z# 6]dgV b^ Vb^\d b{h ^bedgiVciZ Zh ?V^bZ! a [jZ Za eg^bZgd fjZ bZ hVajY # 6 aV hZbVcV! idYd ]VW V XVbW^VYd/ bZ ^ciZ\g Va Zfjêd ZhXdaVg YZ [ iWda# 6aa hjeZ fjZ iZc V iVaZcid# :a Y V YZ b^ eg^bZg eVgi^Yd! XVn jcV idgbZciV ^cdak^YVWaZ! b^h eVYgZh n b^ ]ZgbVcV iVbW^ c hZ bd_Vgdc0 eZgd kVa^ aV eZcV edgfjZ bZ k^Zgdc VcdiVg Ydh \daZh# 8jVcYd iZc V Y^Zo V dh! bZ ^WV W^Zc Zc aV ZhXjZaV0 eZgd cVY^Z edY V ZciZcYZg b^ aZigV# B^h eVe{h bZ Y^_Zgdc fjZ h^ bZ_dgVWV bZ YVg Vc jc egZb^d# ;jZ Vh Xdbd GjW^XjcYd BZc cYZo Zcig V b^ k^YV# :h jc ]{bhiZg WaVcXd fjZ XdbZ idYd Za i^Zbed n nV i^ZcZ jc V d! Ydh bZhZh# AZ ejhZ cjZhigd VeZaa^Yd eVgV fjZ hZ h^ci^ZgV Xdbd YZ aV [Vbâ^V0 eZgd Va\jcVh kZXZh hZ bZ dak^YV a^be^VgaZ aV XVhV# 9ZhYZ eZfjZ d! b^h eVe{h bZ aZ Vc jc XjZcid VciZh YZ Ydgb^g# 8jVcYd VegZcY V aZZg! Zaadh aZ Vc jcV e{\^cV n nd digV# 6 b^h YdXZ V dh! Za XjZcid fjZ b{h bZ ]V \jhiVYd Zh ¾EZiZg EVc YZ Gd_d :hXVgaViV¿# IVbW^ c aZ AVh Xg c^XVh YZ CVgc^V n YZhej h k^ aV eZa XjaV# :hijY^d hZmid \gVYd n bZ \jhiV bjX]d b^ ZhXjZaV# BZ \jhiV jcV c^ V! eZgd cd ZhXg^Wd hj cdbWgZ edgfjZ cd fj^Zgd fjZ cVY^Z hZeV fj^ c Zh# Jcd YZ b^h gZidh Zh Xdci^cjVg ZhijY^VcYd h^c gZeZi^g c^c\ c \gVYd0 eZgd b^ bVndg gZid Zh aaZ\Vg V _j\Vg Zc jc Zfjêd YZ aV A^\V YZ 8VbeZdcZh# H^ZbegZ aZ Y^\d V b^ [Vbâ^V fjZ! XjVcYd Zhd eVhZ! idYdh cdhdigdh ^gZbdh V k^k^g V :jgdeV#

6 XdbegZcYZg )

GZhedcYZ V aVh h^\j^ZciZh egZ\jciVh/ V# ¯9Z Y cYZ egdk^ZcZ Za cdbWgZ YZ BVg^d ?dh 4 W# ¯Fj de^cVh YZ hj gZaVX^ c Xdc hj ]ZgbVcV bVndg4 X# ¯8gZZh fjZ nV dak^Y V 8Va^miV4 ¯Edg fj 4 Y# ¯6 fj \gVYd kV4 ¯Fj^ c Zh hj bZ_dg Vb^\d4 Z# ¯8gZZh fjZ aV bVZhigV YZ hZmid \gVYd ZciZcY^ aV aZigV YZ BVg^d ?dh 4 [# ¯8j{a Zh hj bVndg gZid4 \# ¯8gZZh fjZ BVg^d ?dh BZc cYZo 8gjo Zh jcV eZghdcV V\gVYVWaZ4 ¯Edg fj 4

&') AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

AV VjidW^d\gV[ V Zh Za gZaVid YZ aV k^YV YdcYZ Za Vjidg! Za cVggVYdg n Za egdiV\dc^hiV hdc aV b^hbV eZghdcV# :c ZaaV hZ ^cXajnZc adh hjXZhdh b{h YZhiVXVYdh! \ZcZgVabZciZ Zc dgYZc Xgdcda \^Xd# *

AZZ ViZciVbZciZ aV ^c[dgbVX^ c fjZ VeVgZXZ Zc Za h^\j^ZciZ XjVYgd n ZcXjZcigV aVh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh fjZ hZ bZcX^dcVc Zc aV VjidW^d\gV[ V YZ BVg^d ?dh # 8VgVXiZg hi^XVh YZ aV VjidW^d\gV[ V &# 8dchigjnZ Za eVhVYd Zc Za i^Zbed YZ ]dn# '# AV eZghdcV fjZ aV ZhXg^WZ iVbW^ c Zh hj eZghdcV_Z eg^cXêVa# (# :a eZghdcV_Z eg^cXêVa hZ YZh^\cV Xdc egdcdbWgZh Zc eg^bZgV eZghdcV# )# H^cXZg^YVY/ gZaViV c^XVbZciZ aV gZVa^YVY# *# Hjh [jZciZh eg^cXêVaZh hdc/ aV bZbdg^V n aV XdckZghVX^ c Xdc [Vbâ^VgZh n Vb^\dh bVndgZh#

AV VjidW^d\gV[ V cdh YV aV edh^W^a^YVY YZ XdbeVgi^g Xdc adh YZb{h/ eVYgZh! Vb^\dh! ]ZgbVcdh! [Vb^a^VgZh! XdbeV Zgdh! egd[ZhdgZh! ZiX#! X bd hdbdh! hZci^bdh n eZchVbdh! Xj{aZh hdc cjZhigdh ad\gdh n adh hjXZhdh b{h ^bedgiVciZh YZ cjZhigV k^YV#

+# Hdc k^kZcX^Vh YZa Vjidg d aV VjidgV/ cVX^b^Zcid! ZhijY^dh! VÉX^dcZh! ]ZX]dh n ZmeZg^ZcX^Vh eZghdcVaZh# ,# :h ^cXdbeaZiV edgfjZ hj Vjidg dak^YV bZcX^dcVg Va\jcdh ZaZbZcidh n XdchX^ZciZbZciZ XVaaV XdhVh fjZ cd fj^ZgZ YZX^g#

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! fj XVgVXiZg hi^XVh YZ aV VjidW^d\gV[ V ZcXjZcigVh Zc Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid# ?jhi^ÉXV ijh gZhejZhiVh# B^h eVYgZh aaZ\Vgdc YZa EVggVa! YdcYZ nd cVX # 6aa ! Zc Za XZcigd YZ 8]^aZ! XgZXZc aVh k^ Vh n VWjcYV Za k^cd# H^c fjZ nd ad gZXjZgYZ! h^c hVWZg fjZ aV b^g Xdc b^h d_dh! bjg^ b^ bVYgZ! Yd V GdhV 7VhdVaid# Nd cVX Za &' YZ _ja^d YZ &.%) n! jc bZh YZhej h! Zc V\dhid! V\diVYV edg aV ijWZgXjadh^h! b^ bVYgZ nV cd Zm^hi V# AV k^YV ZgV YjgV eVgV adh eZfjZ dh V\g^XjaidgZh YZa XZcigd YZa eV h# B^ VWjZad! Ydc ?dh Òc\Za GZnZh! iZc V edXV i^ZggV n bjX]dh ]^_dh# Adh cdbWgZh YZ b^h i dh bZ eVgZX^Zgdc cdbWgZh YZ eg cX^eZh YZ gZ^cdh aZ_Vcdh# HZ aaVbVWVc 6b h! DhZVh! ?dZa! 6WVY Vh# B^ eVYgZ hZ aaVbVWV h^beaZbZciZ ?dh YZa 8VgbZc# HVa^ bjn _dkZc YZ aVh i^ZggVh eViZgcVh n igVWV_ YZ dWgZgd Zc adh Y^fjZh YZa ejZgid YZ IVaXV]jVcd! iZgb^cVcYd Xdbd [Zggdk^Vg^d Zc IZbjXd# 8dcÉZhd fjZ ]Z k^k^Yd# BZbdg^Vh# EVWad CZgjYV! &.,)

EVWad CZgjYV [VaaZX^ VciZh YZ iZgb^cVg YZ ZhXg^W^g hjh bZbdg^Vh# CZXZhî aV XdaVWdgVX^ c YZ BViâYZ CZgjYV n B^\jZa DiZgd HâkV eVgV dgYZcVg Za XdciZc^Yd ÉcVa YZ hj VjidW^d\gV[ V#

AZc\jV_Z + &'*

Jc^YVY ,

<VWg^Za <VgX V B{gfjZo! ZhXg^idg XdadbW^Vcd! ZhXg^W^ hj VjidW^d\gV[ V Zc [dgbV a^iZgVg^V! jc a^Wgd fjZ hZ aaVbV K^k^g eVgV XdciVgaV# -

GZ\gZhV V aV aZXijgV YZa iZmid ¾7jhXVcYd V BVg^d¿! aZZ aVh eVaVWgVh fjZ VeVgZXZc YZhiVXVYVh n dWhZgkV idYV aV dgVX^ c YdcYZ hZ ZcXjZcigVc# 8 e^VaVh Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z#

Adh egdcdbWgZh hdc eVaVWgVh fjZ hZ jiâôVc eVgV YZh^\cVg V Va\j^Zc d Va\d h^c ZbeaZVg Za cdbWgZ# :a egdcdbWgZ n hjh kVg^VciZh ZkîVc fjZ hZ jhZ jcV n digV kZo Za hjhiVci^kd#

AZZ aV h^\j^ZciZ ^c[dgbVX^ c hdWgZ adh egdcdbWgZh eZghdcVaZh n hjh kVg^VciZh egdcdb^cVaZh#

EGDCDB7G:H E:GHDC6A:H

AVh eVaVWgVh gZhVaiVYVh hZ aaVbVc egdcdbWgZh#

K6G>6CI:H EGDCDB>C6A:H

E:GHDC6

H>C<JA6G

EAJG6A

H>C<JA6G

EAJG6A

&#«

cdhdigdh! cdhdigVh

nd b ! Xdcb^\d

cdh

'#«

i ! kdh

kdhdigdh! kdhdigVh

i ! i^! iZ! Xdci^\d

(#«

jhiZY

jhiZYZh

a! h ! hZ! Xdch^\d

a! ZaaV

Zaadh! ZaaVh

cdhdigdh! cdhdigVh! cdh

EgdcdbWgZh eZghdcVaZh Zc [jcX^ c YZ XdbeaZbZcid =Vn digVh [dgbVh YZ egdcdbWgZh eZghdcVaZh fjZ hZ gZÉZgZc V eZghdcVh j dW_Zidh fjZ gZX^WZc jcV VXX^ c d eVgi^X^eVc YZ ZaaV# Hdc adh egdcdbWgZh eZghdcVaZh YZ dW_Zid# :hidh ejZYZc Xjbea^g aV [jcX^ c YZ XdbeaZbZcid Y^gZXid 89 d YZ XdbeaZbZcid ^cY^gZXid 8> #

wa ]V ZhXg^id jc a^Wgd# $ wa ad ]V ZhXg^id# :a a^Wgd ad 89 =Z aZ Yd hj VjidW^d\gV[ V# $ AV ]Z aZ Yd# AV VjidW^d\gV[ V aV 89 GZ\Va jc eVhiZa V b^ ]ZgbVcd# $ AZ gZ\Va jc eVhiZa# 6 b^ ]ZgbVcd aZ 8> 8dbeg jcV gZk^hiV V b^h eVYgZh# $ AZh Xdbeg jcV gZk^hiV# 6 b^h eVYgZh aZh 8>

&'+ AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

:hXg^WZ jc a^hiVYd YZ adh YVidh n h^ijVX^dcZh d ZkZcidh b{h ^bedgiVciZh fjZ iZ ]VnVc hjXZY^Yd# H^\jZ aVh egZ\jciVh# V# ¯8j{a [jZ ij eg^bZg aj\Vg YZ ZhijY^d4 W# ¯6 fj _j\VWVh XjVcYd iZc Vh hZ^h V dh4 X# ¯Fj VXi^k^YVYZh gZVa^oVWVh Zc XVhV V adh Y^Zo V dh4 Y# ¯Fj a^Wgdh iZ ]Vc \jhiVYd b{h n edg fj 4

:hXg^WZ ij VjidW^d\gV[ V# EVgV Zaad! gZhedcYZ V aVh h^\j^ZciZh egZ\jciVh/ V# ¯Fj^ c hdn nd4 ¯Fj ]V\d4 ¯8 bd ZgV4 ¯8 bd hdn V]dgV4 W# ¯Fj^ cZh ^ciZ\gVc b^ [Vb^a^V4 X# ¯8dc fj^ cZh iZc\d jcV bZ_dg gZaVX^ c n edg fj 4 Y# ¯8j{a ]V h^Yd jcd YZ adh XVbW^dh b{h ^bedgiVciZh YZ b^ k^YV4 Z# ¯8 bd bZ kV Zc aV ZhXjZaV4 ¯8j{aZh hdc adh cjZkdh gZidh4 ¯8 bd bZ \jhiVg V hZg YZ bVndg4

Hdn BVg V YZ adh Òc\ZaZh BZY^cV# CVX jc ) YZ _ja^d YZ µ

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z + &',

Jc^YVY -

AZXX^ c '

9Z XdbegVh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aV h^\j^ZciZ ^bV\Zc# GZhedcYZ/ ¯XgZZh fjZ Za c^ d XdbegVg{ aV e^hiV YZ XVggdh4

6 aZZg '

AZZ ViZciVbZciZ Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid#

JcV bVaV XdbegV Jc Y V Xdbd XjVafj^Zg digd! ?jVc :YjVgYd hZ aZkVci ! YZhVnjc XZgZVa! n b^ZcigVh Xdb V! kZ V aV iZaZk^h^ c# 8Vh^ hZ aZ XVn Za XZgZVa YZ aV WdXV XjVcYd k^d Za VcjcX^d YZ jcV e^hiV YZ XVggdh fjZ aZ ZcXVci # :c Za VcjcX^d aV e^hiV hZ kZ V hjeZgW^ c! \gVcYZ n Xdc bjX]Vh XjgkVh# EZgd ad bVad ZgV fjZ XdhiVWV *% Y aVgZh n a cd iZc V iVcid Y^cZgd# :cidcXZh YZX^Y^ V]dggVg idYd Za Y^cZgd fjZ aaZ\VWV V hjh bVcdh Za Y^cZgd fjZ aZ YVWV hj eVe{! ad fjZ \VcVWV ]VX^ZcYd bVcYVYdh! ad fjZ aZ gZ\VaVWVc hjh ]ZgbVcdh bVndgZh 0 idYd ad V]dggVWV# HZ^h bZhZh YZhej h! hdad aZ [VaiVWVc Y^Zo Y aVgZh n hZ adh e^Y^ V hj VWjZa^id# 8jVcYd hZ adh Y^d hZ ejhd [Za^o! aV e^hiV YZ XVggdh YZ aV iZaZ edg Éc hZg V hjnV# 6a aaZ\Vg V hj XVhV aZ Y^_d V hj eVe{ fjZ ad aaZkVgV V aV _j\jZiZg V eVgV XdbegVgaV n a aZ gZhedcY^ fjZ iZcYg V fjZ ZheZgVg ]VhiV Za Éc YZ hZbVcV# &'- AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

:a h{WVYd! ?jVc :YjVgYd hZ aZkVci iZbegVcd! ZhiVWV ZbdX^dcVY h^bd! cd edY V ZheZgVg b{h# 8jVcYd hj eVe{ YZheZgi hZ [jZgdc _jcidh V aV _j\jZiZg V#

wa iZc V fjZ gZXaVbVg! eZgd cd hVW V X bd ]VXZgad#

9ZhYZ fjZ Zcig ! ?jVc WjhX n WjhX aV e^hiV YZ XVggdh! ZhiVWV bjn VÊ^\^Yd edgfjZ cd aV ZcXdcigVWV! ]VhiV fjZ Va Éc k^d fjZ ZhiVWV Zc d[ZgiV edgfjZ nV ZgV jc _j\jZiZ eVhVYd YZ bdYV# ?jVc ZhiVWV [Zaô edgfjZ aZ hdWg Y^cZgd n VegdkZX] eVgV XdbegVghZ jcV É\jgV YZ VXX^ c# 8jVcYd aaZ\ V aV XV_V eV\ ! ZhiVWV hjeZgXdciZcid! cd hZ V\jVciVWV aVh \VcVh YZ aaZ\Vg V hj XVhV n edcZghZ V _j\Vg# Ad eg^bZgd fjZ ]ôd [jZ i^gVg aV WdahV V aV WVhjgV! i^g aV [VXijgV! gdbe^ Za ZbeVfjZ YZ aV e^hiV n cd aZn aVh ^chigjXX^dcZh0 eZgd Xdbd ZgV bjn a^hid! ^\jVa Xdch^\j^ VgbVgaV# HZ ejhd V _j\Vg Xdc aV e^hiV n! Ydh ]dgVh YZhej h! jc idgcâad hZ VÊd_ n aV e^hiV XVn Zc eZYVodh# HZ iVe aV WdXV Xdc aVh bVcdh# Cd hVW V fj ]VXZg! aZ Y^d gVW^V edg idYd Za i^Zbed fjZ aZ ]VW V idbVYd V]dggVg Za Y^cZgd! aZ Y^d ig^hiZoV edgfjZ aZ \jhiVWV bjX]d Za _j\jZiZ n ZhiVWV egZdXjeVYd edgfjZ h^ci^ fjZ hj bVb{ n hj eVe{ ad ^WVc V gZ\V Vg edg VcYVg XdbegVcYd XdhVh fjZ cd hZgk Vc# GdhVga^c =Zgc{cYZo hVakVYdgZ V AZc\jV_Z + &'.

Jc^YVY -

6 XdbegZcYZg (

GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯Fj ]Vg Vh eVgV gZhdakZg jcV h^ijVX^ c Xdbd aV YZ ?jVc

?jVc :YjVgYd [jZ V WjhXVg Va WdiZ YZ aV WVhjgV! n YZhej h YZ jc gVid! ZcXdcig ¾aV \VgVci V¿ n aV [VXijgV# ¯N V]dgV fj 4 )

:YjVgYd4

W# ¯Fj aZ eVh XjVcYd nV ZhiVWV _j\VcYd4 X# ¯8gZZh fjZ aV _j\jZiZg V Zh gZhedchVWaZ YZ gZhdakZg Za egdWaZbV YZ

?jVc :YjVgYd4 ¯Edg fj 4

6egZcYZ adh eVhdh fjZ YZWZh YVg Va XdbegVg jc _j\jZiZ j digd Vgi Xjad fjZ YZWZh VgbVg# &# I^ZcZh fjZ aZZg W^Zc aVh XdcY^X^dcZh YZ ¾\VgVci V¿# '# I^ZcZh fjZ iZcZg XaVgd Xj{cYd ejZYZh jhVg aV \VgVci V#

6XZeiVbdh gZXaVbdh hdad edg YZheZg[ZXid YZ [{Wg^XV! cd edg bVa jhd#

:c :a HVakVYdg Zm^hiZc Ydh ^chi^ijX^dcZh fjZ YZÉZcYZc adh YZgZX]dh YZ adh Xdchjb^YdgZh/ aV 9Z[Zchdg V YZa 8dchjb^Ydg n Za 8Zcigd eVgV aV 9Z[ZchV YZa 8dchjb^Ydg#

:m^hiZc iZmidh ^c[dgbVi^kdh fjZ cdh Y^XZc X bd VgbVg jc _j\jZiZ! Xdbd jiâôVg jc egdYjXid! X bd \jVgYVgad! ZiX# Hdc bjn iâZh eVgV jhVgadh VYZXjVYVbZciZ#

AV \VgVci V Zh Za YZgZX]d fjZ i^ZcZc aVh eZghdcVh Xdchjb^YdgVh XjVcYd adh egdYjXidh d hZgk^X^dh egZhZciVc [VaaVh d YZ[ZXidh Zc hj XVa^YVY d hZ\jg^YVY# &(% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

AZZ n VegZcYZ# =Vn Ydh ]ZggVb^ZciVh bjn iâZh eVgV ]VXZg ij gZXaVbd# V# 9Z [dgbV ZhXgîV V igVk h YZ jcV cdiV d jcV hda^XîjY # W# 9Z [dgbV kZgWVa V igVk h YZ jcV aaVbVYV iZaZ[ c^XV! ZcigZk^hiV! k^hîV V aV i^ZcYV eVgV ]VWaVg Xdc Za \ZgZciZ # GZheZiVWaZh hZ dgZh/ =VXZ jcdh Y Vh Xdbeg Zc hj i^ZcYV jc _j\jZiZ! eZgd bZ ]V hVa^Yd YZ[ZXijdhd# Fj^h^ZgV fjZ bZ YZkdak^ZgVc b^ Y^cZgd d bZ gZedc\Vc b^ _j\jZiZ edg jcd h^c YZheZg[ZXidh# AZh V\gVYZoXd bjX]d! ?jVc :YjVgYd

GZhedcYZ Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z# V# ¯Fj gZ\^higd jhVg Vh h^ ad ]VXZh YZ bVcZgV kZgWVa4 W# ¯N h^ ad ]VXZh YZ bVcZgV ZhXg^iV4

AZZ ad h^\j^ZciZ n gZÊZm^dcV# 9ZgZX]d V aV gZeVgVX^ c d \VgVci V

7jZcdh Y Vh! hZ dg^iV# B^ cdbWgZ Zh ?jVc :YjVgYd n kZc\d V YZkdakZg jc _j\jZiZ fjZ bZ hVa^ YZ[ZXijdhd#

Cd hZ ad VXZeiVgZbdh edgfjZ cd hVWZbdh h^ jhiZY ad Vggj^c d nV ZhiVWV Vggj^cVYd#

AZc\jV_Z + &(&

Jc^YVY -

AZZ VXZgXV YZ ijh YZgZX]dh Xdbd Xdchjb^Ydg# I i^ZcZh aV edh^W^a^YVY YZ gZXaVbVg XjVcYd ]Vn jc egdWaZbV Xdc Za egdYjXid fjZ ]Vh XdbegVYd d Xdc Za hZgk^X^d XdcigViVYd# EdYZbdh eZY^g jc XVbW^d YZa egdYjXid! hj gZeVgVX^ c d aV YZkdajX^ c YZa Y^cZgd fjZ eV\Vbdh edg Zhd#

•

AZZ n XjbeaZ aVh ^cY^XVX^dcZh YZ adh egdYjXidh VciZh YZ jhVgadh d Xdchjb^gadh#

•

H^ZbegZ \jVgYV aV [VXijgV YZ XdbegV! nV fjZ V] hZ ZheZX^ÉXV Za i^Zbed fjZ YjgV aV \VgVci V YZa egdYjXid fjZ ]Vh XdbegVYd#

•

GZXaVbV Zc Za aj\Vg YdcYZ XdbegVhiZ Za egdYjXid d XdcigViVhiZ Za hZgk^X^d! Xdc aV WdaZiV YZ XdbegV! n e^YZ VbVWaZbZciZ Za XVbW^d! aV gZeVgVX^ c d aV YZkdajX^ c YZa Y^cZgd#

•

H^ V eZhVg YZ ]VWZg gZXaVbVYd cd ad\gVh jc VXjZgYd YZ gZeVgVX^ c! aaVbV! ZhXg^WZ d VX gXViZ V XjVafj^ZgV YZ aVh Ydh ^chi^ijX^dcZh fjZ ]Vn Zc :a HVakVYdg fjZ YZÉZcYZc adh YZgZX]dh YZ adh Xdchjb^YdgZh#

GZhedcYZ Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z# V# =Vo jc gZhjbZc YZ aVh [dgbVh YZ gZXaVbd fjZ ?jVc :YjVgYd jh # W# ¯8 bd ad ]Vg Vh i 4 ^# 9Z [dgbV dgVa#

:hi^bVYdh hZ dgZh n hZ dgVh/

^^# 9Z [dgbV ZhXg^iV#

6]dgV gZk^hV Za e{ggV[d YZ aV aZXijgV YZ aV e{\^cV &'-# :cidcXZh! YZX^Y^ V]dggVg idYd Za Y^cZgd fjZ aaZ\VWV V hjh bVcdh Za Y^cZgd fjZ aZ YVWV hj eVe{! ad fjZ \VcVWV ]VX^ZcYd bVcYVYdh! ad fjZ aZ gZ\VaVWVc hjh ]ZgbVcdh bVndgZh 0 idYd ad V]dggVWV# :a eVg ciZh^h hZ ZbeaZV eVgV ZcXZggVg VXaVgVX^dcZh d Zmea^XVX^dcZh fjZ YZhZVc hZeVgVghZ YZa gZhid YZ aV [gVhZ# EVgV hVWZg b{h/ ^ckZhi^\V hdWgZ adh YZgZX]dh YZa Xdchjb^Ydg _dkZc d gZedgiV YZcjcX^Vh! Zc Za h^i^d lZW YZ aV 9Z[Zchdg V YZa 8dchjb^Ydg/ ]iie/$$lll#YZ[Zchdg^V#\dW#hk$

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh &(' AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

AZXX^ c (

E^gViVh Zc :a HVakVYdg

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aV ^bV\Zc# GZhedcYZ/ ¯]VWg{ aaZ\VYd Va\jcV kZo jc WVgXd e^gViV V aVh XdhiVh hVakVYdgZ Vh4

AZZ ViZciVbZciZ Za h^\j^ZciZ gZaVid ]^hi g^Xd#

EViVh YZ eVad Zc XdhiVh hVakVYdgZ Vh :c Za ]dgôdciZ VeVgZXZ jc \VaZ c# :X]V Za VcXaV Z ôV jcV WVcYZgV cZ\gV# KdXZh ZmigV Vh hZ ZhXjX]Vc# 7VgXVh XVnZcYd Va V\jV hZ ad\gVc Y^hi^c\j^g V ad aZ_dh# 9Z gZeZciZ! jcV Zmeadh^ c# KVg^Vh YZidcVX^dcZh# :h Za XV c YZ jc ZcdgbZ WVgXd YZ WVcYZgV [gVcXZhV fjZ ]V ^c^X^VYd! Xdc hjh WdXVcVYVh YZ [jg^V YZhYZ Za bVg! jc ZhigjZcYdhd ViVfjZ# <gîdh! hdaadodh YZhZheZgVYdh n XdggZiZdh ^cXVchVWaZh hZ ZhXjX]Vc Zc i^ZggV# :cigZ aV dhXjg^YVY! adh gZbdh YZ kVg^Vh WVgXVh gdbeZc Za V\jV YZa bVg n hZ Vegdm^bVc g{e^YVbZciZ V i^ZggV ÉgbZ edg dgYZc YZa e^gViV Lâa^Vb 9Vbe^ZgZ0 Zc ZaaVh! ]dbWgZh YZ aZc\jVh ZmigV Vh Y^hXjiZc Xdc VaZkdh V# :c aV dgâaV YZ aV ^haV 8dcX]V\ îV! ]dbWgZh! Xdc jc ^Y^dbV iVbW^ c ZmigV d hZ egZeVgVc V YZ[ZcYZg ad hjnd# EZgd adh bVg^cdh hdc cjbZgdhdh n Xdc b{h [jZgoV# 6 Zaadh adh VXdbeV V jcV WjZcV XVci^YVY YZ VgbVh YZ [jZ\d! ZmeZg^ZcX^V n bjX]Vh Vch^Vh YZ gdWVg# :c XVbW^d! Zc hjZad hZXd! hdad i^ZcZc Va\jcVh ZheVYVh n jcVh XjVciVh bjc^X^dcZh# AZc\jV_Z + &((

Jc^YVY -

:a ZcXjZcigd edg Éc hZ YV! ajZ\d YZ fjZ aVh WVgXVh fjZYVgdc VcXaVYVh Zc aV dgâaV n YZ ZaaVh YZhZbWVgXVgdc ]dbWgZh YZ WdiVh n eVciVadcZh aVg\dh! Xdc hjh e^ZaZh YdgVYVh n hjh XjZgedh bVgXVYdh edg ajX]Vh VciZg^dgZh# :aadh hZ ZcXdcigVgdc XVgV V XVgV Xdc ]dbWgZh bdgZcdh! YZ eZad cZ\gd n kZhi^Ydh YZ dg\jaad Xg^daad bZoXaVYd Xdc Za hZci^b^Zcid ^cY \ZcV# :c edXdh b^cjidh! hVc\gZ n bjZgiZ hZ da Vc Zc Za V^gZ n aVh aaVbVh Xdchjb^Zgdc g{e^YVbZciZ idYd jc ejZWad# Edg aV bV VcV! hdad fjZYVgdc gZhidh YZ jcV eZfjZ V X^jYVY! XVY{kZgZh gZ\VYdh edg Za hjZad/ ZgV aV bVgXV YZ adh XdghVg^dh Zc i^ZggV ÉgbZ# Adh e^gViVh ]VW Vc ]ZX]d YZ aVh hjnVh cjZkVbZciZ! eZgd Zc ZhiV dXVh^ c hZ igViVWV YZ aV ^haV YZ 8dcX]V\ îV! Zc Za \da[d YZ ;dchZXV! Zc iZggîdg^d hVakVYdgZ d# :hd dXjgg^ jcV cdX]Z YZa V d YZ &+-.! XjVcYd jc \gjed YZ e^gViVh [gVcXZhZh Vgg^W h^c e^ZYVY V ZhiVh i^ZggVh# :gV aV iZgXZgV aaZ\VYV YZ jc \gjed e^gViV V cjZhigVh XdhiVh! aV eg^bZgV VeVg^X^ c YZ Zhidh eZghdcV_Zh b i^Xdh [jZ Zc VWgâ YZ &*,.! Zc aVh V\jVh YZa \da[d YZ ;dchZXV! hZ\ c Za ]^hidg^VYdg EZYgd :hXVaVciZ 6gXZ# IgZh [Vci{hi^Xdh e^gViVh :a eg^bZgd Zc aaZ\Vg V :a HVakVYdg! hZ\ c VejciZh YZ :hXVaVciZ 6gXZ n adh Y^Vg^dh YZ Va\jcdh e^gViVh! [jZ Za ^c\a h h^g ;gVcX^h 9gV`Z! fj^Zc Vgg^W V aVh XdhiVh V ^c^X^dh YZ VWgâ YZ &*,.# IdX Za \da[d YZ ;dchZXV! eZgd cd YZhZbWVgX # HZ Y^XZ fjZ adh aj\VgZ dh ]^X^Zgdc jc \gVc egZeVgVi^kd eVgV XdcigVggZhiVg V ZhiZ [Vbdhd e^gViV# AVh egdk^YZcX^Vh hZ idbVgdc ]VhiV Zc HdchdcViZ! Zc YdcYZ gZXajiVgdc \ZciZ eVgV Va^hiVghZ n bVcYVgdc bâ^X^Vh YZhYZ <jViZbVaV! eZgd 9gV`Z eVh YZ aVg\d# AV egZhZcX^V YZ ZhiZ e^gViV hZ Zk^YZcX^V Zc jcV b^h^kV Zc aV fjZ Vk^hVc adh k^\ Vh fjZ k^Zgdc jc WVgXd e^gViV Zc Za \da[d! edg ad fjZ Zck^Vgdc V jcdh ^cY^dh V gZXdcdXZg! n Zhidh YZXaVgVgdc ]VWZg ^YZci^ÉXVYd V XdghVg^dh ^c\aZhZh#

&() AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

¾9gV`Z ejYd ]VWZg ZhiVYd jc eVg YZ Y Vh Zc Za \da[d YZ ;dchZXV# HZ [jZ Y^gZXid V <jVijaXd! B m^Xd! YdcYZ Za &* YZ VWgâ hVfjZ ZhZ aj\Vg¿! Zmea^X :hXVaVciZ 6gXZ# :a hZ\jcYd \gVc e^gViV Zc VeVgZXZg Zc cjZhigVh XdhiVh [jZ Za ^c\a h I]dbVh 8VkZcY^h]! fj^Zc VcXa hj WVgXd Zc _ja^d YZ &*-,! iVbW^ c Zc Za \da[d YZ ;dchZXV# :hXVaVciZ hdheZX]V fjZ ejYd Zm^hi^g YZhZbWVgXdh YZ ZhiZ \gjed! ZhXdcY^Ydh Zc Va\ c aj\Vg YZ aV XdhiV! eZgd cd ViVX ! ¾WV_ eVgV XdchZ\j^g V\jV n Xdb^YV! Zhijkd Zc Za \da[d YZ ;dchZXV! edgfjZ ^cXajhd ]Vn jcV YZXaVgVX^ c YZa eâdid YZ 8VkZcY^h] hdWgZ aVh ^haVh fjZ ]VW V k^hid n XdcXjZgYVc Xdc Za \da[d¿! VÉgb Za ]^hidg^VYdg! fj^Zc i^ZcZ b{h YZ igZh V dh YZ ZhijY^Vg aV aaZ\VYV YZ adh e^gViVh Va eV h# :a iZgXZg \gjed fjZ aaZ\ V :a HVakVYdg Zh Za Zfjêd [gVcX h! a^YZgVYd edg :YjVgY 9Vk^h! IdbVh :Vidc n Lâa^Vb 9Vbe^ZgZ# 6eVgZX^Zgdc Zc &+-)! Zc bZY^d YZ jcV edXV Zc YdcYZ aV e^gViZg V ZhiVWV Zc hj Ved\Zd# :hiZ \gjed VcXa iVbW^ c Zc Za \da[d! Zc _ja^d YZ &+-)# 6 gV o YZ ZhV aaZ\VYV! hZ YZhedWaVgdc aVh ^haVh YZa \da[d! Za ejZgid YZ 6bVeVaV Zc iZggîdg^d hVakVYdgZ d ! Za ejZWad HVciV BVg V AVh C^ZkZh YZ 6bVeVaV# Adh ^cY \ZcVh YZ aV ^haV YZ 8dcX]V\ îV! VciZh aaVbVYV YZ 6bVeVaV! Xdc hjh edWaVYdh YZ HVciV 6cV YZ aV IZXV n HVci^V\d YZ 8dcX]V\jV! ijk^Zgdc fjZ ]j^g# 6h^b^hbd! adh ]VWîVciZh YZ HVciV BVg V YZ BZVc\jZgV ]dn ^haV BZVc\jZgV [jZgdc idiVabZciZ hVfjZVYdh# IdbVYd YZ AV EgZchV <g{ÉXV/ 8VbâV 8VaaZh$; a^m 6bVnV n 7^Wa^diZXV 9^\îVa (

8dbeVgiZ! Zc Za VjaV! idYd ad fjZ XdcdoXVh hdWgZ aV k^YV YZ adh e^gViVh! V eVgi^g YZ/ •

=^hidg^Vh fjZ ]Vh ZhXjX]VYd#

•

8jZcidh fjZ ]VnVh aZ Yd#

•

EZa XjaVh fjZ ]VnVh k^hid# AZc\jV_Z + &(*

Jc^YVY -

)

GZhedcYZ V aVh h^\j^ZciZh egZ\jciVh hdWgZ Za iZmid ¾EViVh YZ eVad Zc XdhiVh hVakVYdgZ Vh¿# V# ¯9 cYZ YZhZbWVgXVgdc adh e^gViVh Zc hj iZgXZgV aaZ\VYV V cjZhigVh XdhiVh4 W# ¯8dc fj^ cZh hZ Zc[gZciVgdc4

:a ]^hidg^VYdg hVakVYdgZ d EZYgd :hXVaVciZ 6gXZ ]V ^ckZhi^\VYd bjX]d hdWgZ Za iZbV YZ adh eg^bZgdh WVgXdh e^gViVh fjZ aaZ\Vgdc V :a HVakVYdg0 n Zc '%%)! edg Za g^\dg X^Zci ÉXd YZ hjh ^ckZhi^\VX^dcZh! \Vc Za EgZb^d CVX^dcVa YZ 8jaijgV#

X# ¯:c fj [ZX]V dXjgg^ Zhd4 Y# ¯Fj^ c a^YZgVWV Za eg^bZg \gjed e^gViV fjZ aaZ\ V :a HVakVYdg4 Z# ¯Edg fj adh edWaVYdgZh VWVcYdcVgdc aV odcV4 [# ¯Fj XgZZh fjZ WjhXVWVc adh e^gViVh XjVcYd hVfjZVWVc jc edWaVYd4

:a gZaVid ]^hi g^Xd cVggV ]ZX]dh gZVaZh fjZ dXjgg^Zgdc Zc Za eVhVYd n fjZ eZgYjgVc Zc Za i^Zbed edgfjZ gZegZhZciVgdc jc bdbZcid ^bedgiVciZ eVgV aV hdX^ZYVY#

&(+ AZc\jV_Z +

E^ZchV Zc Xj{aZh XgZZh fjZ hdc aVh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh YZ adh gZaVidh ]^hi g^Xdh n Xdbe{giZaVh Xdc ijh XdbeV Zgdh n XdbeV ZgVh# AjZ\d! Xdbe{gVaVh Xdc aVh fjZ VeVgZXZc V Xdci^cjVX^ c#

•

Adh ]^hidg^VYdgZh gZXdchigjnZc! Xdbd jc gdbeZXVWZoVh! aV ^c[dgbVX^ c YZ jc eVhVYd gZVa#

•

Edg ad \ZcZgVa hdc ]ZX]dh ]^hi g^Xdh fjZ bVgXVgdc d Zmea^XVc jc XVbW^d hdX^Va#

•

Adh gZaVidh ]^hi g^Xdh cVggVc ]ZX]dh gZVaZh fjZ dXjgg^Zgdc Zc jcV edXV YZiZgb^cVYV#

•

C^c\jcd YZ adh YVidh Zh egdYjXid YZ aV ^bV\^cVX^ c#

Jc^YVY -

>YZci^ÉXV n XdbeVgiZ! Zc Za VjaV YZ XaVhZh! aVh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh YZa h^\j^ZciZ gZaVid ]^hi g^Xd#

L^aa^Vb 9Vbe^ZgZ

;gVcX^h 9gV`Z

I]dbVh 8VkZcY^h]

AZ\VYd e^gViV Adh e^gViVh fjZ aaZ\Vgdc V aVh XdhiVh YZ :a HVakVYdg ZgVc eZghdcV_Zh Z_ZbeaVgZh# 6a\jcdh ejY^Zgdc hZg hVfjZVYdgZh! Xdbd Zh Za ZhiZgZdiêd XdcdX^Yd YZ ZhiVh É\jgVh# EZgd iVbW^ c Y^Zgdc ^bedgiVciZh VedgiZh Va bjcYd YZ aV X^ZcX^V n aV \Zd\gV[ V# Lâa^Vb 9Vbe^ZgZ! edg Z_Zbead! [jZ jc \gVc cVijgVa^hiV# >cXajhd 8]VgaZh 9Vgl^c jiâô adh VejciZh YZ ZhiZ XdghVg^d eVgV ZhXg^W^g :a dg^\Zc YZ aVh ZheZX^Zh# 9Vbe^ZgZ Y^d igZh kZXZh aV kjZaiV Va bjcYd# ;gVcX^h 9gV`Z Zh V]dgV jc ] gdZ cVX^dcVa eVgV >c\aViZggV! ajZ\d YZ fjZ hVak V ZhiZ eV h YZ aV ^ckVh^ c YZ aV 6gbVYV >ckZcX^WaZ! jcV ZhXjVYgV ZheV daV [dgbVYV edg ;ZaêZ >> eVgV dXjeVg >c\aViZggV# I]dbVh 8VkZcY^h] Y^d aV kjZaiV Va bjcYd Zc jcV dXVh^ c n YZ_ jcV dWgV X^Zci ÉXV YZ eg^bZgV XVa^YVY! hZ\ c Za ]^hidg^VYdg EZYgd :hXVaVciZ 6gXZ# :hidh igZh eZghdcV_Zh aaZkVWVc Zc hj WVgXdh cd hdad V \ZciZ kja\Vg0 aaZkVWVc b h^Xdh! \Z \gV[dh! fj^ZcZh Xdc hjh bVeVh Xdcig^WjnZgdc hdWgZbVcZgV V aV XgZVX^ c YZ adh bVeVh YZ 6b g^XV n YZ adh bVgZh# IdbVYd YZ AV EgZchV <g{ÉXV/ 8VbâV 8VaaZh$; a^m 6bVnV n 7^Wa^diZXV 9^\îVa

AZc\jV_Z + &(,

Jc^YVY -

AZZ aVh dgVX^dcZh n adh i^edh YZ dgVX^dcZh hZ\ c aV VXi^ijY YZa ]VWaVciZ/ :cjcX^Vi^kVh/ hdc aVh dgVX^dcZh fjZ Xdbjc^XVc! h^c b{h! jc ]ZX]d# •

9Vbe^ZgZ Y^d igZh kZXZh aV kjZaiV Va bjcYd# 6ÉgbVi^kV

•

6a\jcdh e^gViVh cd ZgVc hVfjZVYdgZh# CZ\Vi^kV

:mXaVbVi^kVh/ hdc VfjZaaVh dgVX^dcZh fjZ ZmegZhVc jcV ZbdX^ c# •

±BZ ZcXVciVc aVh ]^hidg^Vh YZ e^gViVh

>ciZggd\Vi^kVh/ bZY^VciZ jcV dgVX^ c ^ciZggd\Vi^kV! Za ]VWaVciZ ]VXZ jcV egZ\jciV# •

¯Edg fj aaZ\Vgdc adh e^gViVh V aVh XdhiVh hVakVYdgZ Vh4

9jW^iVi^kVh/ Zc ZaaVh Za ]VWaVciZ ZmegZhV jcV YjYV gZheZXid YZa bZchV_Z# •

Adh e^gViVh fj^o{ aaZ\Vgdc eVgV WjhXVg ad b^hbd fjZ adh ZheV daZh/ dgd n eaViV#

:m]dgiVi^kVh/ hdc dgVX^dcZh Zc aVh fjZ Za ]VWaVciZ ]VXZ jcV eZi^X^ c d YV gYZcZh# •

±;jZgV YZ ZhiV ^haV

9Zh^YZgVi^kVh/ hdc aVh dgVX^dcZh fjZ ZmegZhVc YZhZdh# • -

±D_Va{ aZVh b{h gZaVidh ]^hi g^Xdh ZhiV hZbVcV

:hXg^WZ jc iZmid YdcYZ XdbZciZh Za XdciZc^Yd YZ jc gZaVid ]^hi g^Xd# H^\jZ adh eVhdh# &# >ckZhi^\V fj^ c Zh EZYgd :hXVaVciZ 6gXZ n Xj{aZh ]Vc h^Yd hjh ejWa^XVX^dcZh# '# :a^\Z jc gZaVid ]^hi g^Xd fjZ ]VnV ejWa^XVYd n fjZ iZ eVgZoXV ^ciZgZhVciZ# :mea^XV edg fj iZ ^ciZgZh n aZZ! Zc Za VjaV! Za [gV\bZcid fjZ b{h iZ aaVb aV ViZcX^ c YZa gZaVid ZaZ\^Yd#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh &(- AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

AZXX^ c )

AV Xg c^XV

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aV ^bV\Zc n aZZ Za i ijad YZa iZmid#

:c kZciV

6 aZZg '

AZZ Za iZmid#

>haV VgfjZda \^XV Zc kZciV [gV\bZcid YZ Xg c^XV eZg^dY hi^XV 9dc AZcd \jVgYV Zc Za eVi^d YZ hj XVhV jcV XdaZXX^ c YZ jcVh &* e^ZYgVh YZ bdaZg fjZ adh hVfjZVYdgZh ]Vc igV Yd YZa 8Zggd YZ aVh ;^\jgVh# :hiZ VcX^Vcd eVgVea _^Xd XdbegV aVh e^ZoVh n aVh \jVgYV Zc hj ]d\Vg! jcV egZXVg^V XVhV fjZ hdWgZhVaZ YZ aVh YZb{h edg hj Y^hZ d/ Zh jcV ZheZX^Z YZ ^\a ! Xdc XjW^ZgiVh YZ a{b^cV \VakVcôVYV n iZ_V YZ WVggd! ZcigZ jcV \gVc XVci^YVY YZ XVhVh YZ h^hiZbV b^mid n YZ Y^hZ d b{h igVY^X^dcVa# wa Y^XZ iZcZg! VYZb{h YZ aVh e^ZYgVh YZ bdaZg! Va\jcVh XjZciVh YZ _VYZ n ejciVh YZ dWh^Y^VcV ^ciVXiVh! Xdbd YZ ÊZX]Vh d YZ aVcoVh# 9dc AZcd i^ZcZ iVbW^ c Va\jcVh eZhVh YZ e^ZYgV fjZ! hZ\ c a! [jZgdc jiâôVYVh edg adh ^cY^dh fjZ ]VWîVgdc aV ^haV eVgV eZhXVg! Xdbd egZYZXZhdgZh YZ adh igdodh YZ eadbd fjZ hZ jhVc VXijVabZciZ# ?jcid V aVh igZh WdaîVh bjZhigV jc eZYVod YZ dWh^Y^VcV Xdc [dgbV YZ Xj V! fjZ ZkdXV! egZX^hVbZciZ! jcV ejciV YZ aVcoV d YZ ÊZX]V# AZc\jV_Z + &(.

Jc^YVY -

9dc AZcd aZ aaVbVc hjh kZX^cdh n hdc Zaadh fj^ZcZh XjZciVc gZiVodh YZ hj ]^hidg^V! YZ X bd ]V \VcVYd [VbV Xdc aV edhZh^ c YZ i^Zhidh VgfjZda \^Xdh Zc jc hî^d fjZ Za :hiVYd Y^XZ ZhiVg egdiZ\^ZcYd eZgd YdcYZ! V aV ajo YZ ad k^hid Zc Za aj\Vg! eg{Xi^XVbZciZ XjVafj^ZgV ejZYZ ]VXZg XjVafj^Zg XdhV# ¾Nd cd ]V\d cVYV bVad# Nd hdn Za c^Xd Vfj fjZ WjhXV XdchZgkVg ^ciVXiVh ZhiVh e^ZoVh# AVh Xdbegd n aVh \jVgYd# Hdc egde^ZYVY YZ aV 6hdX^VX^ c YZ 9ZhVggdaad 8dbjcVa >\jVaiZeZX# Cd hdc b Vh! Vh Xdbd aV ^haV cd Zh b V¿! Y^XZ! V aV YZ[Zch^kV! n ]VX^ZcYd gZ[ZgZcX^V V aV i^ZggV fjZ V]dgV hZ VcjcX^V Zc adh eZg^ Y^Xdh eVgV Za bZ_dg edhidg# :a YjZ d YZ aV ^haV Zc kZciV e^Y^ fjZ cd hZ ejWa^XVgV hj VeZaa^Yd n! b^ZcigVh Ydc AZcd ]VWaVWV! ?dg\Z 6cidc^d eZgbVcZX V Zc hj kZ] Xjad# Cd Zh fjZ iZbV V Ydc AZcd# Ad fjZ eVhV! Y^XZ! Zh fjZ aZ \jhiV hZg egZXVk^Yd# ¾Cd ]Vn ZcZb^\d X]^fjîd¿! Y^g V b{h iVgYZ# ¾NV eaVi^fj Xdc a n Xdc digdh n aZh ]Z Y^X]d fjZ nd cd fj^Zgd ZX]Vgadh YZ VX{! eZgd h^ ad\gd kZcYZg aV ^haV iZcZbdh fjZ ZcXdcigVg jcV hdajX^ c Va egdWaZbV# Nd Zhidn Y^hejZhid ^cXajhd V VnjYVgaZh eVgV fjZ WjhfjZc Va\ c digd iZggZcd! jcV egde^ZYVY egde^V¿! Y^XZ ?dg\Z 6cidc^d# EZgd Zc >\jVaiZeZfjZ ¾Zhid cd i^ZcZ YjZ d¿! Y^XZ jc c^ d fjZ eVhV XVb^cVcYd hdWgZ aV eaVnV dg^ZciZ! [gZciZ V adh eZigd\gVWVYdh# ?dg\Z 6cidc^d cd ad ejYd ZhXjX]Vg# :c ZhZ bdbZcid ZhiVWV hjW^ZcYd! edg eg^bZgV kZo! hj XZggd# AV ^haV! h^ cd [jZgV edg ZcigZ &' n &* [Vbâ^Vh fjZ aV ]VWîVc! ZhiVg V YZhdaVYV# H^c ZbWVg\d! YZhYZ &.+% Zh k Xi^bV YZa hVfjZd n YZa gdWd! ^cXaj^Yd hj iZhdgd b{h egZX^VYd/ adh eZigd\gVWVYdh# Jc ZhijY^d YZ aV VgfjZ ad\V 6cYgZV HidcZ YZiZgb^cV fjZ ]Vn VagZYZYdg YZ '%% eZigd\gVWVYdh gZ\^higVYdh Zc aVh e^ZYgVh YZ >\jVaiZeZX# HZ\ c adh ZmeZgidh! Zh aV XdcXZcigVX^ c YZ eZigd\gVWVYdh b{h \gVcYZ XdcdX^YV Zc 8ZcigdVb g^XV# HZ YZhXdcdXZ h^ V c Zm^hiZ aV b^hbV XVci^YVY# 9Vc^Za KVaZcX^V! eZg^ Y^Xd Y^\îVa :a ;Vgd! '& YZ VWgâ YZ '%%-

&)% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

6 XdbegZcYZg (

GZhedcYZ V aVh h^\j^ZciZh egZ\jciVh/ V# ¯9 cYZ hZ YZhVggdaaV aV ]^hidg^V4 W# ¯Fj Zh jc eZigd\gVWVYd4 X# ¯Fj ]VXZ 9dc AZcd Zc aV ^haV4 Y# ¯Edg fj Zh jc eZghdcV_Z XZcigVa Zc aV Xg c^XV eZg^dY hi^XV VciZg^dg4 Z# ¯Fj^ c Y^XZ hZg Za YjZ d YZ aV ^haV4 [# ¯8j{a [jZ aV ^YZV YZ ZhiZ iZmid fjZ b{h iZ ^ciZgZh 4 ¯Edg fj 4 \# ¯Fj de^cVh hdWgZ aV kZciV YZ h^i^dh VgfjZda \^Xdh Zc Za eV h4

AV Xg c^XV eZg^dY hi^XV Zh jc gZaVid YdcYZ hZ cVggV! hZ YZhXg^WZ! hZ YV kdo V adh egdiV\dc^hiVh n hZ XdbZciV! Xdc bVndgZh YZiVaaZh! adh VXdciZX^b^Zcidh d hjXZhdh YZ adh XjVaZh hZ Zh iZhi^\d d fjZ hZ ^ckZhi^\V#

)

:a eVig^bdc^d VgfjZda \^Xd Zh aV ]ZgZcX^V YZa eVhVYd fjZ cdh eZgb^iZ hVWZg jc edXd b{h VXZgXV YZ adh Vci^\jdh edWaVYdgZh YZ jc aj\Vg# GZegZhZciV jcV g^fjZoV XjaijgVa [g{\^a n cd gZcdkVWaZ0 edg ad iVcid! Zh jc W^Zc Xdb c fjZ eZgiZcZXZ V idYV aV hdX^ZYVY n cd ejZYZ ZhiVg V aV kZciV#

AZZ VXZgXV YZ aVh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh YZ aV Xg c^XV eZg^dY hi^XV# AV Xg c^XV Zh jcV cVggVX^ c Zc aV XjVa adh eZg^dY^hiVh YZhXg^WZc n Xg^i^XVc adh ]ZX]dh YZ ^ciZg h e Wa^Xd fjZ ^ckZhi^\Vc# 6 igVk h YZ aV Xg c^XV! adh eZg^dY^hiVh Zk^iVc fjZ adh hjXZhdh ^bedgiVciZh YZ hj edXV hZ dak^YZc# AVh Xg c^XVh cVggVc YZiVaaVYVbZciZ Y cYZ! Xj{cYd n X bd dXjgg^Zgdc adh hjXZhdh# :a dW_Zi^kd YZ aV Xg c^XV eZg^dY hi^XV Zh cVggVg hjXZhdh! cd gZ\^higVg aV ]^hidg^V#

AV Xg c^XV Zh jcV dWgV ]^hi g^XV Zc fjZ hZ ZmedcZc adh VXdciZX^b^Zcidh edg Za dgYZc Zc Za fjZ ]Vc dXjgg^Yd# :hiZ i^ed YZ Xg c^XV Zh h^b^aVg Va gZaVid ]^hi g^Xd#

AZc\jV_Z + &)&

Jc^YVY -

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jcV Xg c^XV hdWgZ jc ]ZX]d YZ ij Xdbjc^YVY d ij XZcigd ZhXdaVg# H^\jZ adh eVhdh/ &# :a^\Z jc iZbV YZ ^ciZg h e Wa^Xd#

AVh Xg c^XVh eZg^dY hi^XVh hdc jcV [jZciZ YZ ^c[dgbVX^ c eVgV ZhXg^W^g aV ]^hidg^V YZ jc eV h#

'# DWhZgkV ViZciVbZciZ idYdh adh YZiVaaZh n V aVh eZghdcVh fjZ i^ZcZc gZaVX^ c Xdc ij iZbV# (# 6cdiV Zc jcV a^WgZiV adh YZiVaaZh YZ X bd! Xj{cYd n Y cYZ dXjggZc adh ]ZX]dh# )# Ij Xg c^XV YZWZ eZgb^i^g fjZ fj^ZcZh aV aZVc ejZYVc ^bV\^cVg ad fjZ k^hiZ Zc Za aj\Vg YZ adh ]ZX]dh#

AZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ e{ggV[d n gZhedcYZ V aVh egZ\jciVh# 9ZhYZ &.+%! aV ^haV Zh k Xi^bV YZa hVfjZd n YZa gdWd! ^cXaj^Yd hj iZhdgd b{h egZX^VYd/ adh eZigd\gVWVYdh# Jc ZhijY^d YZ aV VgfjZ ad\V 6cYgZV HidcZ YZiZgb^cV fjZ ]Vn VagZYZYdg YZ '%% eZigd\gVWVYdh gZ\^higVYdh Zc aVh e^ZYgVh YZ >\jVaiZeZX# HZ\ c adh ZmeZgidh! Zh aV XdcXZcigVX^ c YZ eZigd\gVWVYdh b{h \gVcYZ XdcdX^YV Zc 8ZcigdVb g^XV# HZ YZhXdcdXZ h^ V c Zm^hiZ aV b^hbV XVci^YVY# V# ¯9 fj igViV Za e{ggV[d4 ¯8j{a Zh Za hZci^Yd \ZcZgVa YZa iZmid4 ¯Fj fj^ZgZ Xdbjc^XVg Za Vjidg4 AV ^YZV XZcigVa YZa e{ggV[d h^ciZi^oV aV ^ciZcX^ c YZa Vjidg0 edg iVcid! gZhedcYZ V adh XdcXZeidh \ZcZgVaZh YZa iZmid# H^ZbegZ hZ egZhZciV Zc [dgbV YZ dgVX^ c n Zh Za iZbV Ydb^cVciZ#

AV ^YZV XZcigVa YZa e{ggV[d aZ Yd Zh aV h^\j^ZciZ/ 9ZhYZ &.+%! aV ^haV Zh k Xi^bV YZa hVfjZd n YZa gdWd! ^cXaj^Yd hj iZhdgd b{h egZX^VYd/ adh eZigd\gVWVYdh# W# ¯Fj digVh ^YZVh hZ egZhZciVc Zc Za e{ggV[d4 &)' AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

AVh ^YZVh hZXjcYVg^Vh hdc dgVX^dcZh fjZ egd[jcY^oVc Zc aV ^YZV XZcigVa# >ajhigVc Xdc jc Z_Zbead d Zmea^XVX^ c ZhV ^YZV# 6bea Vc aV Xdbjc^XVX^ c# AVh ^YZVh hZXjcYVg^Vh YZa e{ggV[d VciZg^dg hdc/ Jc ZhijY^d YZ aV VgfjZ ad\V 6cYgZV HidcZ YZiZgb^cV fjZ ]Vn VagZYZYdg YZ '%% eZigd\gVWVYdh gZ\^higVYdh Zc aVh e^ZYgVh YZ >\jVaiZeZX# HZ\ c adh ZmeZgidh! Zh aV XdcXZcigVX^ c YZ eZigd\gVWVYdh b{h \gVcYZ XdcdX^YV Zc 8ZcigdVb g^XV# HZ YZhXdcdXZ h^ V c Zm^hiZ aV b^hbV XVci^YVY# ,

AZZ ad fjZ Y^XZc adh eZghdcV_Zh# :a iZhdgd b{h ¯wa Y^_d fjZ ZgV hj iZhdgd b{h egZX^VYd/ adh egZX^VYd4 eZigd\gVWVYdh#

GZhedcYZ/ ¯X bd hZ Y^[ZgZcX^Vc adh bdcdh aVWdh eVgV hVWZg fj [jcX^ c YZhZbeZ Vc4 :a VXZcid Y^VXg i^Xd Zh Za fjZ hZ XdadXV Zc jcV eVaVWgV eVgV Y^[ZgZcX^VgaV YZ digV fjZ hZ ZhXg^WZ ^\jVa! eZgd YZhZbeZ V jcV [jcX^ c Y^[ZgZciZ# :_Zbeadh/ • EVgV Y^[ZgZcX^Vg ZcigZ jc Vgi Xjad n jc egdcdbWgZ/ o ?dg\Z Zh Za egde^ZiVg^d YZ aV ^haV# o wa Y^XZ iZcZg XjZciVh YZ _VYZ# • EVgV Y^[ZgZcX^Vg ZcigZ h^\c^ÉXVYdh/ o NV hZ ad ]Z Y^X]d# EgdcdbWgZ eZghdcVa # o NV ad h # Eg^bZgV eZghdcV YZa egZhZciZ YZa kZgWd hVWZg # •

EVgV Y^[ZgZcX^Vg ZcigZ ZcjcX^Vi^kVh Z ^ciZggd\Vi^kVh d ZmXaVbVi^kVh/ o ¯Fj^ c Zh 6cYgZV HidcZ4 EgdcdbWgZ ^ciZggd\Vi^kd # o :h aV VgfjZ ad\V YZ fj^Zc ]VWaV Za iZmid# EgdcdbWgZ gZaVi^kd #

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh

AZc\jV_Z + &)(

Jc^YVY -

AZXX^ c *

:a gZhjbZc

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aV ^bV\Zc n XdbZciV/ ¯Y cYZ n Xj{cYd ejZYZh _j\Vg4

6 aZZg '

AZZ ViZciVbZciZ Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid#

:a YZgZX]d Va _jZ\d/ ¯jc YZgZX]d YZ hZ\jcYV4 8jVcYd hZ gdbeZ Za ]âd YZa YZgZX]d Va _jZ\d! hZ edcZ Zc eZa^\gd Za YZgZX]d V aV ZYjXVX^ c! edgfjZ Za _jZ\d! VYZb{h YZ Y^kZgi^g! Zh jcV [jZciZ YZ VegZcYôV_Z n YZ YZhVggdaad [ h^Xd n bZciVa# DigV bjZhigV Zh Za YZgZX]d Va YZhXVchd! Za XjVa Zhi{ ci^bVbZciZ gZaVX^dcVYd Xdc aV hVajY/ Za ZmXZhd YZ igVWV_d d ZhijY^d YZWâîV aV gZh^hiZcX^V YZ adh c^ dh VciZ aVh Zc[ZgbZYVYZh! n aV Zc[ZgbZYVY VcjaV digdh bjX]dh YZgZX]dh#

&)) AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

?j\Vg V k^k^g 8Zcig{cYdcdh Zc Za YZgZX]d Va _jZ\d! Zh kZgYVY fjZ aV bVndg V YZ aVh eZghdcVh VYjaiVh cd eVgZXZc YVgaZ aV ^bedgiVcX^V fjZ i^ZcZ# ?j\Vg Zh hdWgZ idYd jc ZheVX^d YZ a^WZgiVY eVgV Y^kZgi^ghZ! jhVg aV ^bV\^cVX^ c n aV XgZVi^k^YVY! XVh^ h^ZbegZ aZ_dh YZ aV hjeZgk^h^ c YZ adh VYjaidh! n ZhZ Zh hj \gVc kVadg! eZgd iVbW^ c aV Zmea^XVX^ c YZ edg fj cd Zh Xdch^YZgVYd ^bedgiVciZ edg adh n aVh bVndgZh# 6a cd Xdch^YZgVgad ^bedgiVciZ! hZ ^\cdgV fjZ! V eVgi^g YZa _jZ\d! hZ XdchigjnZc bjX]Vh YZ aVh ]VWâ^YVYZh YZ adh c^ dh n aVh c^ Vh! Zc ZheZX^Va YZ adh b{h eZfjZ dh/ aV gZaVX^ c Xdc adh digdh c^ dh! aVh ]VWâ^YVYZh Zc Za bVcZ_d YZ dW_Zidh! aV XddeZgVX^ c! aV gZhdajX^ c YZ XdcÊ^Xidh! aV XdcÉVcoV Zc jcd b^hbd n Zc adh YZb{h! aV XVeVX^YVY YZ Xdbjc^XVX^ c n YZ cZ\dX^VX^ c### ¯Jc YZgZX]d Zc eZa^\gd4 :c bjX]dh eV hZh Zc YZhVggdaad! Za YZgZX]d Va _jZ\d Zhi{ Zc eZa^\gd edg aV edWgZoV! aVh \jZggVh n adh XdcÊ^Xidh VgbVYdh! Za igVWV_d ^c[Vciâ! aV ZmeadiVX^ c n adh VWjhdh YZ idYd iêd# :c adh eV hZh g^Xdh! Za hZYZciVg^hbd! aV iZaZk^h^ c YZ bVaV XVa^YVY! adh k^YZd_jZ\dh! Za ZmXZhd YZ i^Zbed YZY^XVYd Va ZhijY^d n V digVh VXi^k^YVYZh ZYjXVi^kVh! n aV ZmXZh^kV XdbeZiî^k^YVY a^bîVc adh WZcZÉX^dh YZ ZhZ ZheVX^d YZ dX^d! Y^kZgh^ c n a^WZgiVY fjZ Zh Za _jZ\d# EZgd iVcid adh eV hZh b{h YZhVggdaaVYdh Xdbd adh eV hZh b{h edWgZh XdbeVgiZc adh b^hbdh egdWaZbVh W{h^Xdh/ adh c^ dh n aVh c^ Vh XVYV kZo i^ZcZc bZcdh i^Zbed n aj\VgZh eVgV _j\Vg# AV bVaV XVa^YVY YZa bZY^d VbW^ZciZ! iVcid gjgVa Xdbd jgWVcd! aV eaVc^ÉXVX^ c YZ aVh X^jYVYZh eZchVcYd hdad Zc adh XdX]Zh n Zc aVh eZghdcVh VYjaiVh! aV ZmXZh^kV ^bedgiVcX^V fjZ hZ YV V adh ZhijY^dh Zc aVh ZhXjZaVh# IdYdh hdc [VXidgZh fjZ ]VXZc Y^[ XâZh aVh XdcY^X^dcZh W{h^XVh eVgV Za _jZ\d/ i^Zbed Y^hedc^WaZ n jc ZheVX^d VXXZh^WaZ! hVajYVWaZ n hZ\jgd# Ad YZb{h nV ad edcZc adh c^ dh n aVh c^ Vh# IZmid idbVYd YZa hî^d lZW YZ JC>8:;/ lll#ZcgZYViZ#dg\ AZc\jV_Z + &)*

Jc^YVY -

6 XdbegZcYZg (

GZ cZiZ Zc eVgZ_Vh n gZÊZm^dcV/ V# ¯8gZZh fjZ Za YZedgiZ n Za _jZ\d hdc jcV e gY^YV YZ i^Zbed [gZciZ V digVh VXi^k^YVYZh Xdbd Za ZhijY^d d Za igVWV_d4 ?jhi^ÉXV ij gZhejZhiV# W# ¯Edg fj adh c^ dh n aVh c^ Vh Zc :a HVakVYdg XVYV kZo i^ZcZc bZcdh i^Zbed n aj\VgZh e Wa^Xdh YdcYZ _j\Vg4 :a gZhjbZc ZmegZhV! YZ [dgbV WgZkZ n egZX^hV! Za XdciZc^Yd b{h gZaZkVciZ YZ jcV ^c[dgbVX^ c# Edg bZY^d YZa gZhjbZc! hZ YV jcV cjZkV [dgbV V aV Zmedh^X^ c YZ jcV ^c[dgbVX^ c! YZ_{cYdaV gZYjX^YV V hjh VheZXidh b{h ZhZcX^VaZh n h^\c^ÉXVi^kdh#

)

AZZ! Zc \gjed! aVh i Xc^XVh ji^a^oVYVh eVgV ]VXZg jc gZhjbZc YZ aV aZXijgV VciZg^dg# &# AZZ n hjWgVnV# • AZZ idYd Za bViZg^Va! gZhVaiVcYd Xdc Xdadg d hjWgVnVcYd ad b{h ^bedgiVciZ#

:a eZghdcVa fjZ igVWV_V Zc adh XVbeVbZcidh YZ gZ[j\^VYdh Va cdgiZ YZ 6[\Vc^hi{c ZchZ V V adh c^ dh n aVh c^ Vh Zc fj Xdch^hiZ _j\Vg [ iWda# :hid Zh YZW^Yd V fjZ! ]VXZ Va\jcdh V dh! ZhiVWV egd]^W^Yd idYd i^ed YZ _jZ\dh! ]VhiV kdaVg XdbZiVh#

&)+ AZc\jV_Z +

•

GZhVaiV aVh ^YZVh eg^cX^eVaZh Xdc jc Xdadg d jc i^ed YZ a cZV fjZ aVh Y^[ZgZcX^Z YZ aVh ^YZVh hZXjcYVg^Vh d XdbeaZbZciVg^Vh#

•

IdbV cdiV YZ ad fjZ iZ eVgZoXV b{h ^bedgiVciZ#

•

:cX^ZggV Zc jc X gXjad aVh eVaVWgVh YZhXdcdX^YVh n ajZ\d WjhXV Zc Za Y^XX^dcVg^d hj h^\c^ÉXVYd#

'# :migVZ aVh ^YZVh eg^cX^eVaZh n hZXjcYVg^Vh/ •

HZaZXX^dcV Xj{a Zh aV ^YZV b{h ^bedgiVciZ d Za XdcXZeid eg^cX^eVa YZa bViZg^Va fjZ ]Vh aZ Yd n Xj{aZh hdc aVh ^YZVh hZXjcYVg^Vh#

•

:aVWdgV jcV a^hiV YdcYZ dgYZcZh ZcjbZgZh aVh ^YZVh d XdcXZeidh eg^cX^eVaZh YZ VXjZgYd V hj ^bedgiVcX^V#

•

:aVWdgV jc bVeV XdcXZeijVa d ZhfjZbV fjZ iZ VnjYZ V dg\Vc^oVg aVh ^YZVh#

•

9ZÉc^YV aV ^YZV b{h ^bedgiVciZ d XdcXZeid! Xda XVad Xdbd XZcigd d WVhZ YZcigd YZ jc kVad d jc gZXi{c\jad Zc Za ZhfjZbV#

Jc^YVY -

DWhZgkV Za h^\j^ZciZ ZhfjZbV/

:a YZgZX]d Va _jZ\d ¯jc YZgZX]d YZ hZ\jcYV4 • AV ^YZV XZcigVa# • AVh igZh ^YZVh eg^cX^eVaZh# • AVh ^YZVh hZXjcYVg^Vh# 6 eVgi^g YZa _jZ\d! hZ XdchigjnZc bjX]Vh YZ aVh ]VW^a^YVYZh YZ c^ dh n c^ Vh

8dcY^X^dcZh W{h^XVh eVgV Za _jZ\d

:a YZgZX]d Va _jZ\d

:heVX^d YZ a^WZgiVY YZ a^W eVgV aV Y^kZgh^ c! aV ^bV\^cVX^ c n aV XgZVX^ c \

:a YZgZX]d Va _jZ\d ] a_ Zhi{ Zc eZa^\gd

Cd Zh Xdch^YZgVYd Xdch^YZ ;jZciZ YZ VegZcY^oV_Z# jZciZ ^bedgiVciZ edg adh 9ZhVggdaad [ h^Xd n VYjaidh bZciVa

EgdbjZkZ ]VW^a^YVYZh hdX^VaZh

I^Zbed Zbed Y^hedc^WaZ

:heVX^d VXXZh^WaZ! Wa hVajYVWaZ n hZ\jgd

C^ dh n c^ Vh i^ZcZc c^ V h XVYV kZo bZcdh i^Zbed n ZheVX^d eVgV _j\Vg

EV hZh Zc YZhVggdaad/ Zc YZhV edWgZoV! \jZggVh! igVWV_d ^c[Vci^a! ZmeadiVX^ c

EV hZh g^Xdh/ hZh g^Xd hZYZciVg^hbd n XdbeZi^i^k^YVY! iZaZk^h^ c n k^YZd_jZ\dh YZ WV_V XVa^YVY AZc\jV_Z + &),

Jc^YVY -

AZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ gZhjbZc YZa iZmid ¾:a YZgZX]d Va _jZ\d/ ¯jc YZgZX]d YZ hZ\jcYV4¿# KZg^ÉXV fjZ idYV aV ^c[dgbVX^ c fjZ VeVgZXZ Zc Za gZhjbZc hZ ]VnV idbVYd YZa iZmid/ :a _jZ\d Zh ^bedgiVciZ eVgV Za YZhVggdaad YZ c^ dh n c^ Vh hVajYVWaZh! ejZh aV Y^kZgh^ c n Za jhd a^WgZ YZ aV ^bV\^cVX^ c VnjYVc V VegZcYZg X bd bVcZ_Vg Za XjZged! aV bZciZ n aV Xdbjc^XVX^ c Xdc digdh# H^c YjYV! Za _jZ\d eZgb^iZ ZcXdcigVg [dgbVh cdkZYdhVh eVgV gZhdakZg egdWaZbVh#

9ZWZh ZhiVg ViZcid eVgV fjZ ij gZhjbZc cd hZV Y^[ZgZciZ Va XdciZc^Yd YZa iZmid dg^\^cVa#

H^c ZbWVg\d! Va XgZXZg! adh VYjaidh hZ dak^YVc YZ aV ^bedgiVcX^V YZa _jZ\d# AV eg{Xi^XV YZa _jZ\d gZfj^ZgZ Ydh XdcY^X^dcZh W{h^XVh/ i^Zbed Y^hedc^WaZ n jc aj\Vg VXXZh^WaZ n hZ\jgd eVgV _j\Vg# :c aV VXijVa^YVY! egdWaZb{i^XVh Xdbd aV edWgZoV d aVh \jZggVh fjZ dXjggZc Zc adh eV hZh Zc k Vh YZ YZhVggdaad d aV XdbeZi^i^k^YVY fjZ egdbjZkZc egdYjXidh Xdbd adh k^YZd_jZ\dh fjZ egdYjXZc adh eV hZh g^Xdh YZ_Vc XVYV kZo bZcdh i^Zbed n ZheVX^d eVgV _j\Vg#

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jc gZhjbZc hdWgZ jc iZbV YZ ij ^ciZg h/ X^ZcX^Vh! YZedgiZ! ZcigZiZc^Zcid# 6ea^XV aVh i Xc^XVh#

=Vn bjX]Vh eVaVWgVh Zc cjZhigV aZc\jV fjZ [dgbVc Y^eidc\d XdbW^cVcYd jcV kdXVa VW^ZgiV V"Z"d n jcV kdXVa XZggVYV ^"j ! d k^XZkZghV# • 8dbegj WVad Zc adh Z_Zbeadh fjZ kVc V Xdci^cjVX^ c/

&)- AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

AZZ n VegZcYZ fj hdc Za Y^eidc\d! Za ig^eidc\d n Za ]^Vid#

¯Fj gZhjaiV YZ aV XdbW^" cVX^ c hZ\j^YV YZ kdXVaZh Zc jcV eVaVWgV4

:_Zbeadh

Jc Y^eidc\d/ Xdc_jcid YZ Ydh kd" " :a _jZ\d Zh jcV [jZciZ YZ VegZc" XVaZh Y^[ZgZciZh fjZ hZ egdcjcX^Vc Y^oV_Z# " AVh c^ Vh n adh c^ dh XVYV kZo Zc jcV hdaV h aVWV# i^ZcZc bZcdh i^Zbed n aj\VgZh eVgV _j\Vg# " AV bVaV XVa^YVY YZa bZY^d VbW^ZciZ Y^ÉXjaiV Za _jZ\d#

GZXjZgYV fjZ aVh kdXVaZh [jZgiZh d VW^ZgiVh hdc V! Z! d n aVh Y W^aZh d XZggVYVh hdc ^! j#

Jc ig^eidc\d/ Xdc_jcid YZ igZh kd" " H^ YZhXdcÉ{^h YZa VbW^ZciZ! adh c^ dh cd hVaYg{c V _j\Vg# XVaZh fjZ [dgbVc jcV hdaV h aVWV# " ¯Fj^ZgZh _j\Vg Xdc Za \Vi^id B^Vj4 " Adh eV hZh b{h YZhVggdaaVYdh n Jc ]^Vid/ ZcXjZcigd YZ Ydh kd" XVaZh fjZ hZ egdcjcX^Vc Zc h aVWVh adh b{h edWgZh XdbeVgiZc Zhidh egdWaZbVh# Y^hi^ciVh# " AV bVndg V YZ VYjaidh cd eVgZXZ YVgaZ ^bedgiVcX^V Va _jZ\d# " :a _jZ\d egdedgX^dcV bdbZcidh YZ VaZ\g V V c^ dh n c^ Vh#

:hXg^WZ dgVX^dcZh! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! jiâôVcYd aVh eVaVWgVh Xdc adh Yêidc\dh! ]^Vidh n igêidc\dh fjZ VeVgZXZc V Xdci^cjVX^ c# 9êidc\dh

Ig^eidc\dh

=^Vidh

YZj"Yd"gZh Y^{"ad"\d egd"e^d VX"ijV"a^"YVY gZ^"cV

V"kZ"g^"\j{^h V"XZc"ij ^h XVb"W^ ^h VXV"g^"X^ ^h a^b"e^{^h

XV"dh gZ" g gV" o aZ"Z"bdh ed"Z"h "V

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z + &).

Jc^YVY -

AZXX^ c +

EgZhZcid b^ ^c[dgbZ ZhXdaVg

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aV ^ajhigVX^ c# GZhedcYZ/ ¯fj XgZZh fjZ h^\c^ÉXV =VoiZ kZgYZ4

+D]WH YHUGH«

6 aZZg '

AZZ ViZciVbZciZ Za h^\j^ZciZ iZmid#

=VoiZ kZgYZµ =daV! hdn ?dh 6cYg h# =VXZ Va\jcdh Y Vh! aV hZ dgîV <adg^V cdh YZ_ jcV iVgZV Y^[ Xâµ Zc Za gZXgZd idYdh adh c^ dh n aVh c^ Vh ]VWa{WVbdh YZ ad b^hbd# ¾¯8 bd hZ ]VXZ jc ^c[dgbZ ZhXdaVg4¿ ZgV aV egZ\jciV YZ idYdh# ¯N Za iZbV4 ±6nµ :a iZbV/ ¾=VoiZ kZgYZ¿# ¾¯HZg{ fjZ fj^ZgZ fjZ cdh e^ciZbdh4 ¯HZg{ jcV dWgV YZ iZVigd4 ¯Fj fjZg V aV hZ dgîV <adg^V4 ¯:gV jcV WgdbV4¿! cdh egZ\jci{WVbdh# 6a ÉcVa YZ aV bV VcV! cdh gZjc^ n cdh egZ\jci V idYdh hdWgZ Za ^c[dgbZ/ ¾¯HVWZc fj Zh jc ^c[dgbZ4 ¯HVWZc V fj hZ gZÉZgZ Za iZbV4¿# CVY^Z hVW V X bd ]VXZg Za ^c[dgbZ# N gZheZXid Va iZbV! V] h idYdh fjZg Vbdh de^cVg# Jcdh hZ VigZk^Zgdc V YZX^gaZ fjZ XgZ Vc fjZ hZ gZ[Zg V V jcV dWgV YZ iZVigd! digdh fjZ ZgV jc _jZ\d YdcYZ hZ e^ciVg Vc YZ kZgYZ# AV hZ dgîV hdad gZ V n ZhXjX]VWV ViZciVbZciZ0 <VWg^Za! ZcidcXZh! e^Y^ aV eVaVWgV n Y^_d/ ¾Nd XgZd fjZ hZ gZÉZgZ V fjZ hVakZbdh aV i^ZggV YZ aV XdciVb^cVX^ c¿# IdYdh hZ fjZYVgdc Xdc aV WdXV VW^ZgiVµ &*% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

6] aV hZ dgîV <adg^V hVX jc iZmid n Y^_d/ ¾A Vcad¿# :a i ijad YZa iZmid ZgV/ ¾:a egdWaZbV YZ adh ZbeVfjZh¿# :beZoVWV Y^X^ZcYd fjZ adh bViZg^VaZh eVgV ZbeVfjZiVg hdc jcd YZ adh Vgi Xjadh fjZ b{h WVhjgV \ZcZgVc! hdWgZ idYd edgfjZ! ]dn Zc Y V! idYd k^ZcZ ZbeVfjZiVYd# ¾E^ZchV Zc adh egdYjXidh fjZ i n ij [Vbâ^V XdbegVc¿! YZX V Za iZmid# N eZch / ¾AVh WdfjîVh fjZ XdbZbdh adh Ydb^c\dh! adh XZgZVaZh! aVh hVaX]^X]Vhµ H ! idYd k^ZcZ ZbeVfjZiVYd¿# :a iZmid VhZ\jgVWV fjZ Va\jcdh ZbeVfjZh i^ZcZc ]VhiV X^cXd XVeVh YZ Zckdaidg^dh# BZ hdgegZcY # Edg jc gVid Y^hXji^bdh Xdc aV hZ dgîV <adg^V n XdcXaj^bdh fjZ jcV hdajX^ c Zh Za gZX^XaV_Z# EZgd! ¾¯fj hZ ejZYZ gZX^XaVg4¿! egZ\jci aV hZ dgîV# N! VeVgiZ YZ aVh aViVh YZ \VhZdhV! cd hVW Vbdh YZ digd bViZg^Va# 6h Zh fjZ cdh Y^k^Y^ Zc \gjedh n cdh YZ_ YZ iVgZV VkZg^\jVg Xj{aZh bViZg^VaZh hZ gZX^XaVc n Xj{aZh cd! n fjZ egZhZci{gVbdh Za ^c[dgbZ# 6 b bZ idX igVWV_Vg Xdc BVg V! LZcYn n ?jVc! n eVgV ZciZcYZgcdh! gZhedcY^bdh aVh h^\j^ZciZh egZ\jciVh/ V# ¯9Z fj igViV aV aZXijgV4 W# ¯Fj h^\c^ÉXV ¾=VoiZ kZgYZ¿4 X# ¯8j{a Zh Za egdWaZbV fjZ eaVciZV aV aZXijgV4 Y# ¯Fj hdajX^ c egdedcZ4 Z# ¯8 bd ]Vg Vh Za ^c[dgbZ ZhXdaVg4

:a ^c[dgbZ ZhXdaVg Zh jc ZhXg^id Xdgid YZ Va bZcdh X^cXd e{\^cVh fjZ hZ jhV Zc adh XZcigdh ZhXdaVgZh eVgV egZhZciVg jc gZhjbZc VXZgXV YZ jc iZbV ^ckZhi^\VYd! jcV iVgZV Zm VjaV n digdh#

Eg^bZgd! YZX^Y^bdh ZhijY^Vg hdWgZ aV ZhigjXijgV YZ adh ^c[dgbZh ZhXdaVgZh n VkZg^\jVbdh fjZ Za XdciZc^Yd XZcigVa hZ XdadXV Zc Za XjZged eg^cX^eVa YZa iZmid# :hid ]^X^bdh eg^bZgd/ eVgV hVXVg aV ^c[dgbVX^ c b{h ^bedgiVciZ jhVbdh aV ZhigViZ\^V YZ egZ\jciVh#

AZc\jV_Z + &*&

Jc^YVY -

V# ¯8j{a Zh Za iZbV4 IdYdh Zhijk^bdh YZ VXjZgYd Zc fjZ ZgV ¾BViZg^VaZh gZX^XaVWaZh¿# W# ¯9 cYZ WjhXd ^c[dgbVX^ c4 Nd iZc V jc a^Wgd! ?jVc iZc V jcV ZcX^XadeZY^V! BVg V edY V jhVg ^ciZgcZi n LZcYn aZ egZ\jci V hj ]ZgbVcd! fj^Zc ]ôd Za V d eVhVYd jc egdnZXid YZ 8^ZcX^Vh hdWgZ Za gZX^XaV_Z! Vh fjZ eZchVbdh fjZ Va\d hVWg V# 8VYV fj^Zc WjhX ^c[dgbVX^ c n cdh gZjc^bdh eVgV XdbeVgi^gaV# X# ¯8 bd hZaZXX^dcd aV ^c[dgbVX^ c fjZ kdn V jhVg4 :gV bjX]V ^c[dgbVX^ c! Vh fjZ YZX^Y^bdh hVXVg ^YZVh eg^cXêVaZh YZ XVYV [jZciZ YZ ^c[dgbVX^ c n ajZ\d ad gZYVXiVbdh# Y# AjZ\d! ¯X bd aV ZhXg^Wd4 Cdhdigdh YZX^Y^bdh ]VXZg Ydh hjWiZbVh/ jcd! YZ adh bViZg^VaZh fjZ hZ ejZYZc gZX^XaVg0 n digd! YZ adh fjZ cd hZ gZX^XaVc# :hid [jZ ad fjZ egZhZciVbdh/ BViZg^VaZh fjZ ejZYZh gZX^XaVg Zc XVhV BZiVaZh/ Xdbd Za Vajb^c^d! Za VXZgd n Za ZhiV d# IdYdh Zhidh bZiVaZh i^ZcZc fjZ ZmigVZghZ YZ aV i^ZggV# AV bVndg V YZ adh bZiVaZh ejZYZc [jcY^ghZ jcV n digV kZo# K^Yg^d/ hZ ]VXZ hdWgZ idYd Xdc VgZcV! n Y^[ XâbZciZ edYg V ]VWaVghZ YZ ZhXVhZo YZ VgZcV Zc Za bjcYd# H^c ZbWVg\d! XdckZgi^g aV VgZcV Zc k^Yg^d gZfj^ZgZ jcV \gVc XVci^YVY YZ ZcZg\ V# 8VYV idcZaVYV YZ k^Yg^d igîjgVYd XdchjbZ Za Zfj^kVaZciZ YZ jcdh (% \VadcZh YZ eZig aZd# EVeZa/ hZ hVXV YZ adh {gWdaZh! edg hjejZhid! n YZgg^WVg {gWdaZh ejZYZ XVjhVg egdWaZbVh VbW^ZciVaZh# Ea{hi^Xdh/ hZ [VWg^XVc Xdc hjhiVcX^Vh fj b^XVh! bjX]Vh YZ aVh XjVaZh hZ ]VXZc Xdc XdbWjhi^WaZh [ hâZh Xdbd Za eZig aZd# Cd Zh ad b^hbd gZX^XaVg k^Yg^d d eVeZa! nV fjZ Va gZX^XaVg jc gZXê^ZciZ YZ ea{hi^Xd eVgV ]VbWjg\jZhV cd hZ ejZYZ dWiZcZg digd gZXê^ZciZ# HZ edYg V ]VXZg jcV bVXZiV eVgV jcV eaVciV! Zh YZX^g! ]Vn a bîZh Zc Za jhd YZa ea{hi^Xd gZjhVYd d gZX^XaVYd# BViZg^VaZh fjZ cd ejZYZh gZX^XaVg V# AViVh YZ VZgdhda ]ZX]Vh Xdc kVg^Vh XaVhZh YZ bZiVaZh n ea{hi^Xdh# W# 8V_Vh YZ _j\dh ]ZX]Vh Xdc jcV XdbW^cVX^ c YZ ea{hi^Xd! XVgi c n eVeZa YZ Vajb^c^d# X# AVh WdiZaaVh YZ ea{hi^Xd WaVcYd eVgV hVahV YZ idbViZ! bdhiVoV n digdh# NV iZc Vbdh aV eVgiZ XZcigVa YZa igVWV_d! eZgd cdh [VaiVWV X bd egZhZciVgad# >ckZhi^\Vbdh n deiVbdh edg egZhZciVg aV h^\j^ZciZ ZhigjXijgV# &*' AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

:higjXijgV eVgV egZhZciVg ^c[dgbZh ZhXdaVgZh CdbWgZ n YZhXg^eX^ c YZa VeVgiVYd

6h hZ kZg{

=VoiZ kZgYZµ IgVWV_d YZ :hijY^dh HdX^VaZh +#¬ <gVYd ¾7¿

EdgiVYV/ Zh aV egZhZciVX^ c \ZcZgVa YZ ij igVWV_d# 6fj jW^XVh Za cdbWgZ YZa igVWV_d! Za cdbWgZ YZ aV bViZg^V! Za \gVYd! Za cdbWgZ YZa XZcigd ZhXdaVg n aV [ZX]V YZ ZaVWdgVX^ c#

8Zcigd :hXdaVg ¾:a ?dXdiZ¿

>ciZ\gVciZh YZa \gjed/ ?dh 6cYg h <job{c LZcYn BVg V 8dgiZo ?jVc 8Vgadh KZ\V BVg V 7ZVig^o 8Vbedh HVc HVakVYdg! &( YZ hZei^ZbWgZ YZ '&&(

ÕcY^XZ/ gZhjbZ adh XdciZc^Ydh edg YZhVggdaaVg# HZ ZhXg^WZ Za i ijad YZ adh XVe ijadh d hjWiZbVh YZa ^c[dgbZ n hZ ^cY^XV aV e{\^cV YdcYZ VeVgZXZc#

>cigdYjXX^ c/ YZhXg^WZ YZ fj igViVg{ Za ^c[dgbZ# :h jc gZhjbZc WgZkZ YZ ij igVWV_d# 6h Za aZXidg hZ bdi^kVg{ V aZZgad Zc YZiVaaZ#

8jZged eg^cXêVa/ Zh Za YZhVggdaad YZa iZbV# HZ ZhXg^WZc aVh ^YZVh eg^cXêVaZh n hZXjcYVg^Vh! V igVk h YZ e{ggV[dh# 9ZWZ hZg XaVgd! iZcZg jc^YVY YZ ^YZVh n hZ YZWZ dg\VcôVg YZ iVa [dgbV fjZ adh ejcidh b{h gZaZkVciZh fjZYZc gZhVaiVYdh# EjZYZh idbVg Xdbd gZ[ZgZcX^V ad fjZ Y^XZc adh a^Wgdh cd Xde^Zh # N h^ ZmigVZh jcV ^YZV YZ jc a^Wgd ejZYZh/ &# 8îVgaV iZmijVabZciZ n ZcXZggVgaV Zc XdbâaVh# '# :ciZcYZg aV ^YZV n gZYVXiVgaV Xdc ijh egde^Vh eVaVWgVh#

ÕcY^XZ

E{\#

>cigdYjXX^ cµµµµµµµ 8Ve ijad > BViZg^VaZh gZX^XaVWaZhµµµ 8Ve ijad >> BViZg^VaZh cd gZX^XaVWaZhµµ

) * +

>cigdYjXX^ c :a egZhZciZ igVWV_d i^ZcZ Xdbd dW_Zi^kd ZhijY^Vg Xj{aZh bViZg^VaZh! YZ adh fjZ jhVbdh Y^Vg^VbZciZ! hdc gZX^XaVWaZh n Xj{aZh cd#

8Ve ijad > BViZg^VaZh gZX^XaVWaZh Adh bViZg^VaZh gZX^XaVWaZh hdc VfjZaadh fjZ! jcV kZo jiâôVYdh! hZ ejZYZc igVch[dgbVg eVgV kdakZg V jiâôVgadh# :cigZ adh bViZg^VaZh gZX^XaVWaZh b{h ^bedgiVciZh hZ ZcXjZcigVc/ adh bZiVaZh! Za k^Yg^d! Za eVeZa n adh ea{hi^Xdh# 8VYV jcd YZ Zhidh bViZg^VaZh###

AZc\jV_Z + &*(

Jc^YVY -

8dcXajh^dcZh

8dcXajh^dcZh/ hZ ZhXg^WZc adh gZhjaiVYdh b{h ^bedgiVciZh fjZ hZ dWijk^Zgdc YZ aV ^ckZhi^\VX^ c fjZ hZ gZVa^oV n fjZ hZ YZhVggdaaVgdc Zc Za XjZged YZa igVWV_d# :h jc gZhjbZc YZ adh ejcidh b{h ^bedgiVciZh#

&# :c aVh XVhVh jhVbdh YZbVh^VYdh bViZg^VaZh fjZ cd ejZYZc gZX^XaVghZ# '# Adh fjZ h ejZYZc gZX^XaVghZ cd hZ hdbZiZc V ZhZ egdXZhd edg aVh eZghdcVh fjZ adh ji^a^oVc#

GZ[ZgZcX^Vh W^Wa^d\g{ÉXVh/ hZ gZXdcdXZc aVh [jZciZh YZ XdchjaiV jiâôVYVh eVgV aaZkVg V XVWd Za igVWV_d# :m^hiZ jcV gZaVX^ c Y^gZXiV ZcigZ aVh XîVh fjZ hZ ZcXjZcigVc Zc Za iZmid n aV a^hiV YZ gZ[ZgZcX^Vh d gZXjghdh jiâôVYdh eVgV aaZkVg V XVWd aV ^ckZhi^\VX^ c# 6fj iZ YVbdh jcdh Z_Zbeadh! VjcfjZ ]Vn bjX]dh b{h# EjZYZh ^ckZhi^\Vg Zc ^ciZgcZi hdWgZ digVh [dgbVh YZ XîVg#

8^iV YZ a^Wgd/ 6eZaa^Yd YZa Vjidg! ^c^X^VaZh YZa cdbWgZ# ;ZX]V YZ ejWa^XVX^ c# I ijad YZ a^Wgd# Aj\Vg YZ aV ejWa^XVX^ c/ ZY^idg#

? bZcZo! ?# '%%) # IgdiVbjcYdh eVgV c^ dh# HVc HVakVYdg/ 9^gZXX^ c YZ EjWa^XVX^dcZh#

8îV Y^gZXiV YZ Va\d fjZ Y^_d Va\j^Zc/ 6eZaa^Yd! V d YZ aV ejWa^XVX^ c! e{\^cV YdcYZ hZ ZcXdcig ad fjZ hZ XîV# AjZ\d hZ VWgZc XdbâaVh n hZ Xde^V aV XîV# ;^cVabZciZ! hZ X^ZggVc XdbâaVh#

<dco{aZo &...! e# &. Y^XZ fjZ ¾8aVjY^V AVgh cVX^ Xdc Za cdbWgZ YZ BVg\Vg^iV YZa 8VgbZc 7gVccdc KZ\Vµ¿#

;jZciZh ZaZXig c^XVh/ 6jidg! ^c^X^VaZh YZ cdbWgZ YZ Vjidg V d YZ ejWa^XVX^ c! h^ Zm^hiZ# H^ cd! hZ edcZ c#Y# # I ijad! bZh n Y V Zc fjZ hZ ]^od aV XdchjaiV! Y^gZXX^ c YZ ^ciZgcZi#

EZfjZ d <gZZceZVXZ# <gZZceZVXZ c#Y# # GZX^XaV_Z AVh ( G# DWiZc^Yd Za '& YZ V\dhid YZ '%%- Zc/ ]iie/$$VgX]^kd#\gZZceZVXZ#dg\$ c^cdh$ZYjXVgZX^XaV#]ib

8^iV YZ eZg^ Y^Xdh/ :a cdbWgZ YZa Vgi Xjad V d! Y V n bZh # CdbWgZ YZa eZg^ Y^Xd! c bZgd YZ e{\^cV VWgZk^VYd#

¾GZX^XaZbdh b{h¿ '%%+! &( YZ _ja^d # :a 9^Vg^d YZ adh C^ dh! e# *#

&*) AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY -

6cZmd & 6 eVgi^g YZa _jZ\d hZ XdchigjnZc bjX]Vh YZ aVh ]VW^a^YVYZh YZ c^ dh n c^ Vh

6cZmdh/ Vfj hZ ^cXajnZ ^c[dgbVX^ c VY^X^dcVa Zc [dgbV YZ \g{ÉXVh! [didh! Y^Wj_dh! ZiX#! fjZ ejZYV hZg i^a eVgV Vbea^Vg aV ^c[dgbVX^ c YZ fj^Zc aZV Za ^c[dgbZ#

8dcY^X^dcZh W{h^XVh 8dcY^X^dcZh cY^X^dcZh Y^X^dcZ W{h^X eVgV Za _jZ\d# eVgV Za _jZ VgV gV Z \d#

:a YZgZX]d Va _jZ\d Va _jZ\d Z\d \d

:heVX^d YZ a^WZgiVY X^d Y YZ a^WZgiVY iV eVgV aV Y^kZgh^ c! V aV Y^ Y^kkZgh^ Zgh^ c ^ c! aV ^bV\^cVX^ c n aV V\^cVX VX^ c ^ c n aV c

:a YZgZX]d Va _jZ\d ZgZX] ]d Va _jZ Va jZ\ Z\d Zhi{ Zc eZa^\gd i{ Zc eZa c e eZa^\ ^\gd \gd

I^Zbed I^Zb be ed Y^hedc^WaZ# hedc^ c^WaZ# c^ Z

;jZciZ YZ VegZcY^oV_Z ;jZciZ YZ V ZciZ YZ Z egZcY 9ZhVggdaad [ h^Xd 9ZhVggdaad [ h^ 9ZhVggd n bZciVa# n bZciVa#

Cd Zh Xdch^YZgVYd Zh Xd dc dch^YZgV gVY VYd ^bedgiVciZ edg adh dgiVci ciZ iZ edg dg g adh VYjaidh# idh

:heVX^d VXXZh^WaZ! h^WaZ Z! hVajYVWaZ n hZ\jgd# Z\jgd#

EgdbjZkZ ]VW^a^YVYZh ZkZ ] ]VW^a^YVVYZh hdX^VaZh hdX^VaZ VaZh Zh

C^ dh n c^ Vh i^ZcZc h n c^ ^ Vh i^ZZcZc Zc XVYV kZo bZcdh i^Zbed Zo bZ bZ Zcdh i cdh i^Zbed cdh i^Z n ZheVX^d eVgV _j\Vg# VX^d eVgV VgV _j\Vg#

EV hZh Zc YZhVggdaad/ h Zc Y YZhVggd ggd daad/ edWgZoV! \jZggVh! igVWV_d V! \j jZggVh! i ZggVh! igVWV_d ZggVh! ^c[Vci^a! ZmeadiVX^ c# i^a! ZmeadiVX^ c# adi

EV hZh g^Xdh/ V hZhh g^Xdh/ h/ YZciVVg^hbd g^hbd n d hZYZciVg^hbd n beZi^i^k^ ^kk^Y YV YVY! XdbeZi^i^k^YVY! ZaZk^h^ c n iZaZk^h^ c n Zd_jZ\dh WV_V k^YZd_jZ\dh WV_V XVa^YVY#

AV hZ dg^iV cdh [Za^X^i V idYdh edg cjZhigd igVWV_dµ 6egZcY^bdh bjX]d hdWgZ Za gZX^XaVYd n X bd ]VXZg jc ^c[dgbZ# (

DWhZgkV aV [jcX^ c YZ aVh XdbâaVh Zc adh h^\j^ZciZh Z_Zbeadh/ " :a Vgi Xjad iîjaVYd ¾8Vhi^\VYdh h^c ZhXjZaV¿ Zh ^bedgiVciZ eVgV :a HVakVYdg# " :c aV Xdc[ZgZcX^V ¾:YjXVX^ c eVgV idYdh¿ bZcX^dcVgdc V adh c^ dh n aVh c^ Vh fjZ idYVk V cd ejZYZc Vh^hi^g V aV ZhXjZaV# HZ jhVc XdbâaVh eVgV XîVg cdbWgZh YZ Vgi Xjadh! Xdc[ZgZcX^Vh! edZbVh! ZcigZ digdh# IVbW^ c hZ jhVc XjVcYd ]VXZbdh XîVh iZmijVaZh YZ Va\d fjZ Y^_d d ZhXg^W^ digV eZghdcV#

)

GZXjZgYV jiâôVg XdbâaVh eVgV XîVg iZmijVabZciZ#

AZZ aVh h^\j^ZciZh eVaVWgVh/ k^XZVab^gVciZ k^oXdcYZ k^XZegZh^YZciZ

AVh eVaVWgVh fjZ Xdb^ZcoVc edg k^XZ" n k^o" Zc aj\Vg YZ hZ ZhXg^WZc Xdc k# *

=Vo jc ^c[dgbZ ZhXdaVg# HZaZXX^dcV jcd YZ adh iZbVh YZ aV a^hiV fjZ iZ YVbdh Vfj # V# AV WVhjgV Zc ij XVhV W# :a XVaZciVb^Zcid \adWVa X# :a [ iWda YZ c^ Vh Y# 8aVhZh YZ WVaaZi eVgV kVgdcZh Z# Adh dÉX^dh YZ aV XVhV

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh

AZc\jV_Z + &**

Jc^YVY

6g\jbZciZbdh

. AZXX^ c &

>YZci^ÉXd Vg\jbZcidh

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

GZX^XaVcYd jcV aViV YZ Vajb^c^d hZ V]dggV hjÉX^ZciZ ZcZg\ V Xdbd eVgV ]VXZg [jcX^dcVg jc iZaZk^hdg YjgVciZ (#* ]dgVh# EVgV XgZVg cjZkd Vajb^c^d hZ cZXZh^iVc \gVcYZh XVci^YVYZh YZ bViZg^V eg^bV WVjm^iV fjZ cd VWjcYV Zc aV cVijgVaZoV! VYZb{h YZ fjZ Za egdXZhd Zh VaiVbZciZ XdciVb^cVciZ#

DWhZgkV aV h^ijVX^ c Xdbjc^XVi^kV#

BVb{! nV bZ Xdb Za bVc\d# ¯Fj ]V\d Xdc aV WVhjgV4

Cd! hZ dgV# JhiZY YZWZ VcYVg jcV WdahV eVgV fjZ aV c^ V \jVgYZ aV WVhjgV n ajZ\d aV WdiZ Zc Za WVhjgZgd# 8dcig^WjnV V fjZ aVh XVaaZh Zhi c a^be^Vh#

I^g{aV edg aV kZc" iVcV! YZ idYdh bdYdh cd ]Vn WVhjgZgdh# 6YZb{h! ]Vn \ZciZ fjZ WVggZ aVh XVaaZh#

6 XdbegZcYZg '

GZÊZm^dcV# V# ¯8j{a Zh Za iZbV YZa fjZ ]VWaVc4 W# ¯8j{aZh hdc adh Ydh Vg\jbZcidh fjZ eaVciZVc4 X# ¯Fj Vg\jbZcid VednVh i 4 ¯Edg fj 4 Y# ¯8j{aZh hdc aVh eg^cX^eVaZh gVodcZh fjZ VednVc ij de^c^ c4

&*+ AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY .

(

GZeVhV Va\jcVh ^YZVh hdWgZ adh iZmidh Vg\jbZciVi^kdh fjZ ZhijY^VhiZ Zc fj^cid \gVYd#

&# AVh de^c^dcZh hdc aVh ^YZVh n adh eZchVb^Zcidh YZ jcV eZghdcV hdWgZ Va\d d Va\j^Zc# '# 6g\jbZciVg Zh iZcZg jcV de^c^ c! gVodcVgaV n eZghjVY^g V digdh j digVh eVgV fjZ VXZeiZc ZhV de^c^ c# (# AV ZhigjXijgV YZ adh iZmidh Vg\jbZciVi^kdh hZ Y^k^YZ Zc/ ^YZV d iZh^h! Vg\jbZcidh n XdcXajh^ c# )# Adh [dgbVidh egde^dh eVgV YZhVggdaaVg iZmidh Vg\jbZciVi^kdh hdc/ Za YZWViZ! Za [dgd! aV bZhV gZYdcYV! adh ZY^idg^VaZh! adh Vgi Xjadh YZ de^c^ c! ZcigZ digdh#

Adh iZmidh Vg\jbZciVi^kdh hdc VfjZaadh fjZ hZ ZaVWdgVc Xdc Za Éc YZ ZmegZhVg de^c^dcZh d gZWVi^gaVh eVgV XdckZcXZg d eZghjVY^g V adh gZXZeidgZh#

gZWVi^g/ gZ[jiVg# 8dcigVYZX^g Xdc Vg\jbZcidh ad fjZ digdh Y^XZc# gZXZeidg/ Zc jc VXid YZ Xdbjc^XVX^ c! eZghdcV fjZ gZX^WZ Za bZchV_Z#

6 aZZg )

AZZ#

AV WVhjgV XgZXZ n XgZXZ AV eVaVWgV WVhjgV ]V h^\c^ÉXVYd Va\d YZheZXi^kd! Va\d fjZ XVgZXZ YZ kVadg n YZ ad fjZ ]Vn fjZ YZh]VXZghZ# 9Z ZhiV bVcZgV! ad fjZ Xdchjb^bdh hZ Xdck^ZgiZ Zc jc ZhidgWd n Zh XVjhV YZa egdWaZbV YZ X bd YZhZciZcYZgcdh YZ ad fjZ egdYjX^bdh n ajZ\d YZhZX]Vbdh# AV WVhjgV! YZhYZ ]VXZ bjX]d i^Zbed! hZ ]V XdckZgi^Yd Zc jcd YZ adh eg^cX^eVaZh egdWaZbVh V gZhdakZg! YZW^Yd V aV VaiV YZch^YVY YZ aV edWaVX^ c n Va ]ZX]d YZ fjZ bjX]V \ZciZ Vggd_V aV WVhjgV V aVh XVaaZh# :hid ]V egdYjX^Yd aV egda^[ZgVX^ c YZ ^chZXidh! gdZYdgZh n b^Xgddg\Vc^hbdh eVi \Zcdh! igVnZcYd Xdbd XdchZXjZcX^V Zc[ZgbZYVYZh XViVhig ÉXVh eVgV Za ]dbWgZ! Xdbd aV eZhiZ#

AZc\jV_Z + &*,

Jc^YVY .

8VYV Y V Zh bVndg aV XVci^YVY YZ WVhjgV YZW^Yd V/ V# :a XgZX^b^Zcid iVc \gVcYZ YZ bjX]Vh YZ cjZhigVh X^jYVYZh# W# AV \gVc kVg^ZYVY YZ dW_Zidh fjZ hZ egdYjXZc Y V V Y V n fjZ hdc YZhZX]VWaZh# X# AV [dgbV Xdbd Zhidh dW_Zidh hZ ZbeVfjZiVc n hZ kZcYZc# :c adh eV hZh Xdc bVndg YZhVggdaad ZXdc b^Xd! Za egdbZY^d YZ WVhjgV fjZ XVYV eZghdcV i^gV Va Y V Zh YZ X^cXd a^WgVh b{h d bZcdh! n ZhiZ egdbZY^d kV Zc VjbZcid# :hid h^\c^ÉXV! edg Z_Zbead! fjZ aV WVhjgV \ZcZgVYV Zc aVh XVhVh YZ :hiVYdh Jc^Ydh ¼¼cd Zc aVh [{Wg^XVh¼¼ aaZ\ Zc &..% V b{h YZ ''% bâadcZh YZ idcZaVYVh# AV WVhjgV \ZcZgVYV edg Za \gVc HVc HVakVYdg! Zh YZX^g! ^cXajnZcYd idYdh adh bjc^Xê^dh fjZ Xdc[dgbVc Za {gZV bZigdedaîVcV! aaZ\ Zc &..- V \ZcZgVg &) bâ +., idcZaVYVh Y^Vg^Vh# :c jc V d h ad Za \gVc HVc HVakVYdg egdYjXZ * bâadcZh (+) bâ )%* idcZaVYVh YZ WVhjgV# Jg\Z XVbW^d YZ bZciVa^YVY :a egdWaZbV eg^cXêVa YZ aV WVhjgV Zhi{ Zc cjZhigV [dgbV YZ eZchVg! nV fjZ idYd ad fjZ YZhZX]Vbdh ad Xdch^YZgVbdh ¾WVhjgV¿! Zhid Zh! Va\d fjZ YZWZbdh i^gVg n YZ ad fjZ nV cd fjZgZbdh hVWZg b{h# :hid kV Zc XdcigV YZa bdYZad YZ VegdkZX]Vb^Zcid YZ adh gZXjghdh! fjZ Zh egde^d YZ aV cVijgVaZoV# Edg Zhd! aV hdajX^ c b{h XdbeaZiV Va egdWaZbV YZ aV WVhjgV Xdch^hiZ Zc XVbW^Vg cjZhigV bZciVa^YVY n Zc ^cigdYjX^g h^hiZbVh fjZ cdh eZgbîVc ]VXZg jhd XdchiVciZ YZ cjZhigdh gZXjghdh#

&*- AZc\jV_Z +

EdYZbdh ^cXdgedgVg V aV i^ZggV adh YZheZgY^X^dh dg\{c^Xdh! bZY^VciZ Za h^hiZbV YZcdb^cVYd XdbedhiV#

EdYZbdh VXdhijbWgVgcdh V jhVg cjZkVbZciZ bViZg^VaZh Xdbd Za eVeZa n aVh WdahVh#

EdYZbdh egdbdkZg fjZ Zc cjZhigV Xdbjc^YVY! ZhXjZaV d X^jYVY! aV WVhjgV hZ YZedhîZ Zc Y^[ZgZciZh gZXdaZXidgZh! YZ VXjZgYd Xdc Za iêd YZ YZheZgY^X^d! V Éc YZ [VXâîVg Za gZX^XaVb^Zcid YZ Zhidh egdYjXidh# :hiZ h^hiZbV hZ ZbeaZV nV Zc kVg^Vh X^jYVYZh#

;^cVabZciZ! edYZbdh egdbdkZg fjZ aVh ZbegZhVh egZhZciZc hjh egdYjXidh Zc ZckVhZh d bViZg^VaZh gZX^XaVWaZh

Jc^YVY .

:hid ejZYZ ad\gVghZ! edg Z_Zbead! V igVk h YZ XVbeV Vh YZ Xdchjbd Y^g^\^Yd/ h^ adh Xdchjb^YdgZh hZ c^Z\Vc V XdbegVg jc egdYjXid fjZ cd Zhi W^Zc ZbeVXVYd! Za egdYjXidg VegZcYZg{ egdcid aV aZXX^ c# :h XaVgd fjZ XjZhiV Y^cZgd n igVWV_d aaZkVg V XVWd ZhiVh VXX^dcZh0 eZgd! V aV aVg\V! XjZhiV b{h Y^cZgd hZ\j^g dWgVcYd Xdbd ad ]VXZbdh V]dgV! nV fjZ Za YV d fjZ XVjhVbdh V cjZhigdh gZXjghdh cVijgVaZh n V cjZhigd eaVcZiV cd i^ZcZ egZX^d# 6h Xdbd aV eZgbVcZcX^V YZ aV k^YV Zc adh ZXdh^hiZbVh cVijgVaZh ]V YZeZcY^Yd n h^\jZ YZeZcY^ZcYd YZa gZX^XaVb^Zcid YZ adh cjig^ZciZh! Vh iVbW^ c cjZhigV hdX^ZYVY! fjZ ]V ad\gVYd \gVcYZh VkVcXZh iZXcda \^Xdh! kV V YZeZcYZg Zc Za [jijgd YZ fjZ VegZcYVbdh V gZjhVg n gZX^XaVg idYdh adh bViZg^VaZh fjZ jhVbdh# ¯Fj ejZYZh ]VXZg Zc ij XVhV4 GZYjXZ#### ¯Edg fj cd gZYjX^g cjZhigdh YZheZgY^X^dh VciZh YZ XdbegVg4 EgZ\jci bdcdh h^ gZVabZciZ Zh cZXZhVg^d ad fjZ kVbdh V XdbegVg# H^ Zh d cd YZhZX]VWaZ# H^ ad edYZbdh gZjiâôVg gZaaZcVg! gZidgcVg d gZX^XaVg# IdYd VfjZaad fjZ XdbegVbdh n Xdchjb^bdh i^ZcZ jcV gZaVX^ c Y^gZXiV Xdc ad fjZ i^gVbdh# 8dchjb^ZcYd gVX^dcVabZciZ! ZkîVcYd Za YZggdX]Z n jhVcYd hdad ad ^cY^heZchVWaZ! Y^gZXiVbZciZ XdaVWdgVbdh Xdc Za Xj^YVYd YZa VbW^ZciZ# GZjiâôV#### ¯Edg fj YZhigj^g Va\d fjZ cdh ]V XdhiVYd iVcid igVWV_d ]VXZg4 ¯Edg fj i^gVg Va\d fjZ idYVk V h^gkZ4 GZjiâôVg Xdch^hiZ Zc YVgaZ aV b{m^bV jiâ^YVY V aVh XdhVh h^c cZXZh^YVY YZ YZhigj^gaVh d YZh]VXZgcdh YZ ZaaVh! V]dggVcYd aV ZcZg\ V fjZ hZ ]jW^ZgV YZhi^cVYd eVgV ]VXZg Y^X]d egdYjXid# GZX^XaV#### 8dch^hiZ Zc jhVg adh bViZg^VaZh jcV n digV kZo eVgV ]VXZg cjZkdh egdYjXidh gZYjX^ZcYd Zc [dgbV h^\c^ÉXVi^kV aV jiâôVX^ c YZ cjZkVh bViZg^Vh eg^bVh# GZ^cXdgedgVg gZXjghdh nV jhVYdh Zc adh egdXZhdh eVgV aV ZaVWdgVX^ c YZ cjZkdh bViZg^VaZh VnjYV V XdchZgkVg adh gZXjghdh cVijgVaZh V]dggVcYd ZcZg\ V! i^Zbed n V\jV fjZ hZg Vc ZbeaZVYdh Zc hj [VWg^XVX^ c V eVgi^g YZ bViZg^Vh eg^bVh# 6YVeiVYd YZ kVg^Vh [jZciZh AZc\jV_Z + &*.

Jc^YVY . *

GZÊZm^dcV hdWgZ adh iZmidh n gZhedcYZ/ V# ¯8j{a Zh ij de^c^ c hdWgZ Za iZmid4 W# ¯8j{a Zh Za Vg\jbZcid XZcigVa YZa Vgi Xjad4 X# E^ZchV Zc Va\jcVh iZh^h XdcigVg^Vh V adh Vg\jbZcidh egZhZciVYdh# ¯8j{a iZh^h VednVh i 4 ¯Edg fj 4

6egZcYZ X bd hZ ZaVWdgV jc iZmid Vg\jbZciVi^kd#

Eg^bZgd

EVgV ]VXZg jc iZmid Vg\jbZciVi^kd h^\jZ adh h^\j^ZciZh eVhdh

I^ZcZh fjZ iZcZg jcV ^YZV XjnV kZgVX^YVY fj^ZgZh YZbdhigVg# 6 Zhid aZ aaVbVbdh iZh^h#

AV iZh^h Zh jcV de^c^ c fjZ Va\j^Zc hdhi^ZcZ hdWgZ jc Vhjcid hZg^d! aV XjVa YZWZg{ XdbegdWVghZ#

:c Za Vgi Xjad VciZg^dg aV iZh^h Zh/ GVodcVg cd Zh ad b^hbd fjZ Vg\jbZciVg# :a gVodcVb^Zcid hZ ]VXZ eVgV jcd b^hbd! Za Vg\jbZcid h^gkZ eVgV ZmedcZgad V adh YZb{h#

AV WVhjgV! YZhYZ ]VXZ bjX]d i^Zbed! hZ ]V XdckZgi^Yd Zc jcd YZ adh eg^cX^eVaZh egdWaZbVh V gZhdakZg#

HZ\jcYd

9ZWZh YZbdhigVg fjZ ij ^YZV Zh X^ZgiV d XdbegdWVg fjZ Zh [VahV# EVgV XdbegdWVgad jhVbdh ^YZVh h a^YVh fjZ hjhiZciVc cjZhigVh ^YZVh# 6 ZhiVh ^YZVh aVh aaVbVbdh Vg\jbZcidh#

:a Vg\jbZcid XZcigVa YZa Vgi Xjad VciZg^dg Zh/ 8VYV Y V Zh bVndg aV XVci^YVY YZ WVhjgV YZW^Yd V/ V# :a XgZX^b^Zcid iVc \gVcYZ YZ bjX]Vh YZ cjZhigVh X^jYVYZh0 W# AV \gVc kVg^ZYVY YZ dW_Zidh fjZ hZ egdYjXZc Y V V Y V n fjZ hdc YZhZX]VWaZh# X# AV [dgbV Xdbd Zhidh dW_Zidh hZ ZbeVfjZiVc n hZ kZcYZc# &+% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY .

IZgXZgd

9ZWZh XdbegdWVg fjZ ijh ^YZVh hdc X^ZgiVh d [VahVh# EVgV Zaad ejZYZh VXjY^g V XdchjaiVg YVidh ZhiVY hi^Xdh! gZedgiV_Zh! a^Wgdh! ZchVndh VciZg^dgZh! ^ciZgcZi! ZiX#

6g\jbZciVg Zh iZcZg jcV de^c^ c! gVodcVgaV n eZghjVY^g V digdh j digVh eVgV fjZ VXZeiZc ZhV de^c^ c#

:a Vgi Xjad VciZg^dg ]V jiâôVYd Xdbd WVhZ ZhijY^dh hdWgZ aV egdYjXX^ c YZ WVhjgV# :c adh eV hZh Xdc bVndg YZhVggdaad ZXdc b^Xd! Za egdbZY^d YZ WVhjgV fjZ XVYV eZghdcV i^gV Va Y V Zh YZ X^cXd a^WgVh b{h d bZcdh! n ZhiZ egdbZY^d kV Zc VjbZcid# :hid h^\c^ÉXV! edg Z_Zbead! fjZ aV WVhjgV \ZcZgVYV Zc aVh XVhVh YZ :hiVYdh Jc^Ydh ¼¼cd Zc aVh [{Wg^XVh¼¼ aaZ\ Zc &..% V b{h YZ ''% bâadcZh YZ idcZaVYVh# AV WVhjgV \ZcZgVYV edg Za \gVc HVc HVakVYdg! Zh YZX^g! ^cXajnZcYd idYdh adh bjc^Xê^dh fjZ Xdc[dgbVc Za {gZV bZigdedaîVcV! aaZ\ Zc &..- V \ZcZgVg &) bâ +., idcZaVYVh Y^Vg^Vh# :c jc V d h ad Zc Za \gVc HVc HVakVYdg egdYjXZ * bâadcZh (+) bâ )%* idcZaVYVh YZ WVhjgV#

8dcXajh^ c 8VYV fj^Zc YZWZ hZci^ghZ gZhedchVWaZ YZ aV WVhjgV fjZ egdYjXZ n egVXi^XVg aVh igZh G XdcigV aV WVhjgV/ gZYjX^g! gZjhVg n gZX^XaVg#

GZXjZgYV fjZ YZWZh iZcZg bjX]d Xj^YVYd Va XdchjaiVg ^ciZgcZi edgfjZ ejZYZh ZcXdcigVg WjZcV ^c[dgbVX^ c! eZgd iVbW^ c ^c[dgbVX^ c cd bjn XdcÉVWaZ#

H^ Vg\jbZciVhiZ VYZXjVYVbZciZ! Zh YZX^g! h^ eZghjVY^hiZ V ij aZXidg d V fj^Zc iZ ZhXjX]V! ZcidcXZh ZhiVg{c YZ VXjZgYd Xdc ij XdcXajh^ c#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z + &+&

Jc^YVY .

AZXX^ c ' &

IdYd cVXZ YZ jcV ^YZV

DWhZgkV aV ^ajhigVX^ c#

:a c^ d i^ZcZ jcV ^YZV fjZ bVc^ÉZhiV Xdc egZ\jciVh# AV ^YZV Zh Za ^c^X^d YZ jc WjZc Vg\jbZcid#

±Bbb### BZ \jhiVg V hVWZg edg fj 9dc ?dVfj c XjVcYd aVkV Za XVggd YZ_V VW^ZgiV aV bVc\jZgV# ¯6XVhd cd hVWZ fjZ Za V\jV Zh jc gZXjghd fjZ h^ cd ad Xj^YVbdh ejZYZ VXVWVghZ4

EZgd! ¯X bd hjg\Z jcV WjZcV ^YZV YZ ^ckZhi^\VX^ c4

GZÊZm^dcV/ V# ¯8gZZh fjZ ZhiV h^ijVX^ c hZgk^g V eVgV ]VXZg Vg\jbZcidh4 W# ¯Fj e^ZchVh YZa i ijad YZ aV aZXX^ c n YZa i ijad YZ aV jc^YVY4 X# ¯Fj gZaVX^ c i^ZcZc adh i ijadh YZ jc^YVY n YZ aZXX^ c Xdc Za eZchVb^Zcid YZa _dkZc4

&+' AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY .

(

AZZ n VegZcYZ# Adh Vg\jbZcidh n aV ^ckZhi^\VX^ c hZ dg^\^cVc Zc ^YZVh# EVgV ^c^X^Vg jcV ^ckZhi^\VX^ c d jc Vg\jbZcid h^ZbegZ hZ cZXZhîV jcV ^YZV0 idYVk V cd hZ XdcdXZ Za hjhiîjid YZ jcV WjZcV ^YZV# AVh ^YZVh XdchiîjnZc Za eg^bZg VXZgXVb^Zcid V aV gZVa^YVY fjZ ]VWg{ YZ ^ckZhi^\VghZ# :m^hiZ jcV \gVc kVg^ZYVY YZ [jZciZh YZ ^YZVh YZ ^ckZhi^\VX^ c! ZcigZ aVh XjVaZh edYZbdh bZcX^dcVg aVh ZmeZg^ZcX^Vh ^cY^k^YjVaZh! bViZg^VaZh ZhXgîdh a^Wgdh! gZk^hiVh! eZg^ Y^Xdh n iZh^h ! XdckZghVX^dcZh eZghdcVaZh! dWhZgkVX^dcZh YZ ]ZX]dh# H^c ZbWVg\d! aVh [jZciZh fjZ dg^\^cVc aVh ^YZVh cd hZ gZaVX^dcVc Xdc aV XVa^YVY YZ ZhiVh# :a ]ZX]d YZ fjZ jc ZhijY^VciZ aZV jc Vgi Xjad X^Zci ÉXd n ZmigV^\V YZ a jcV ^YZV YZ ^ckZhi^\VX^ c cd h^\c^ÉXV cZXZhVg^VbZciZ fjZ hZV bZ_dg fjZ aV YZ digd ZhijY^VciZ fjZ aV dWijkd b^ZcigVh kZ V jcV eZa XjaV d jc _jZ\d YZ [ iWda#

Ad ^bedgiVciZ Zh fjZ hZVc egZ\jciVh fjZ ejZYVh gZhedcYZg! Xdc ZhijY^d YZ W^Wa^d\gV[ V d Xdc egZ\jciVh V eZghdcVh! Xdc ZcigZk^hiVh! ZiX#

IdbVYd YZ BZidYdad\ V YZ aV ^ckZhi^\VX^ c! HVbe^Zg^ n digdh

¯9Z Y cYZ hjg\Z jcV WjZcV ^YZV4

JcV ^YZV ejZYZ hjg\^g YdcYZ hZ Xdc\gZ\Vc \gjedh ]jbVcdh ]dhe^iVaZh! ZhXjZaVh! ^cYjhig^Vh! jc^kZgh^YVYZh! ZiX# # 6a kZg aV e^ciV n eZ\V fjZ hZ ]VXZ Zc XVbeV Vh ZaZXidgVaZh Va\j^Zc ejZYZ egZ\jciVghZ/ ¯h^gkZ eVgV Va\d ZhiV e^ciV n eZ\V4 ¯GZVabZciZ V[ZXiV aV YZX^h^ c YZ adh kdiVciZh4

6aWZgi :^chiZ^c eZchVWV fjZ aV bVndg V YZ aVh ^YZVh [jcYVbZciVaZh YZ aV X^ZcX^V hdc ZhZcX^VabZciZ hZcX^aaVh n! edg gZ\aV \ZcZgVa! ejZYZc hZg ZmegZhVYVh Zc jc aZc\jV_Z XdbegZch^WaZ eVgV idYdh#

AZc\jV_Z + &+(

Jc^YVY .

)

Jc Vjidg aaVbVYd 9Vc`]Z bZcX^dc Zc &.-+ Zhidh Xg^iZg^dh eVgV hVWZg h^ jcV ^YZV YZ ^ckZhi^\VX^ c Zh WjZcV#

8dcdXZ Va\jcdh Xg^iZg^dh eVgV hVWZg h^ jcV ^YZV Zh WjZcV# GZÊZm^dcV hdWgZ Zaad# AVh WjZcVh ^YZVh ^cig^\Vc! Va^ZciVc n ZbdX^dcVc Va ^ckZhi^\VYdg YZ bVcZgV eZghdcVa# 6a ZaZ\^g jcV ^YZV eVgV ^ckZhi^\Vg Zh ^bedgiVciZ fjZ gZhjaiZ VigVXi^kV# AVh WjZcVh ^YZVh YZ ^ckZhi^\VX^ c cd cZXZhVg^VbZciZ hdc cjZkVh eZgd h cdkZYdhVh# :h cZXZhVg^d VXijVa^oVg d VYVeiVg adh eaVciZVb^Zcidh YZg^kVYdh YZ ^ckZhi^\VX^dcZh VciZg^dgZh# AVh WjZcVh ^YZVh YZ ^ckZhi^\VX^ c YZWZc Xdcig^Wj^g V hdajX^dcVg egdWaZbVh n ZaVWdgVg iZdg Vh cjZkVh#

HZaZXX^dcV jcV gZk^hiV d jc eZg^ Y^Xd n aZZ eVgiZ YZ Zaadh# 6]dgV egde c Ydh ^YZVh fjZ h^gkVc eVgV ]VXZg jcV ^ckZhi^\VX^ c#

:hXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! Xj{aZh hdc ijh egZ\jciVh YZ ^ckZhi^\VX^ c n edg fj XgZZh fjZ Zh ^bedgiVciZ ZhZ iZbV#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh &+) AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY .

6]dgV! [ _ViZ Zc ad fjZ e^ZchV Za c^ d#

Fj^o{h cd ^g edgfjZ bZ YjZaZ aV XVWZoV# 6jcfjZ bZ ^cig^\V hVWZg edg fj bZ ^ck^i

AVh eVaVWgVh edgfjZ! Vh^b^hbd ejZYZc ZhXg^W^ghZ _jciVh d hZeVgVYVh hZ\ c Za h^\c^ÉXVYd fjZ iZc\Vc#

8dcdXZ Xj{cYd hZ ZhXg^WZc _jciVh n Xj{cYd hZeVgVYVh hZ\ c hj h^\c^ÉXVYd#

EdgfjZ

8jVcYd Zh jcV Xdc_jcX^ c XVjhVa Zmea^XV aV XVjhV#

Cd ^g edgfjZ bZ YjZaZ aV XVWZoV#

Edg fj

8jVcYd ]VXZbdh jcV egZ\jciV XdcXgZiV! ejZYZ ZhXg^W^ghZ ZcigZ h^\cdh YZ ^ciZggd\VX^ c d cd#

¯Edg fj bZ ^ck^i 4

6 h b^hbd I^ZcZ Za h^\c^ÉXVYd YZ/ eVgV jcd b^hbd#

wa hZ k^d V h b^hbd#

6h^b^hbd

6h^b^hbd! aZ ^c[dgbd fjZ µ

I^ZcZ Za h^\c^ÉXVYd YZ/ iVbW^ c#

>ckZhi^\V n ZhXg^WZ! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! digdh XVhdh YZ eVaVWgVh fjZ hZ ejZYZc ZhXg^W^g _jciVh d hZeVgVYVh# AZc\jV_Z + &+*

Jc^YVY .

AZXX^ c (

¯Fj h^\jZµ4 ±6g\jbZciVg

6 WjhXVg e^hiVh &

DWhZgkV aV h^\j^ZciZ h^ijVX^ c Xdbjc^XVi^kV#

Nd cd h Xj{cYd ejZYd ]VXZg jc iZmid Vg\jbZciVi^kd#

BZ ]jW^ZgV \jhiVYd iVcid ZhijY^Vg eVgV edYZg ]VXZg Vg\jbZcidh# H^ZbegZ Vg\jbZciVbdh# 9^Vg^VbZciZ iZcZbdh Vg\jbZcidh eVgV idYd#

GZhedcYZ# V# ¯8gZZh fjZ adh iZmidh Vg\jbZciVi^kdh adh jhVbdh Y^Vg^VbZciZ4 W# ¯8gZZh fjZ adh iZmidh Vg\jbZciVi^kdh hdad adh jhVbdh eVgV iZmidh [dgbVaZh Xdbd ZchVndh! ^c[dgbZh! ZiX#4 X# ¯HVWZh fj Zh jc Vg\jbZcid4

6 aZZg (

AZZ! Zc hâZcX^d! adh h^\j^ZciZh iZmidh# ½ ¯KVbdh V XdbZg4 — KVbdh ejZh! eZgd nd fj^Zgd XdbZg eôoV! d ]VbWjg\jZhV# — 6]! cd# Nd cd# Nd fj^Zgd XdbZg Va\d b{h hVcd# AV Xdb^YV g{e^YV cd Zh hVajYVWaZ! Zc XVbW^d aVh ZchVaVYVh! aVh kZgYjgVh! iZ YVc hVajY# :hd Zh jcV ^ckZgh^ c Zc hVajY [jijgV# — EZgd cd hdc iVc g^XVh Xdbd aV eôoV# — 9ZeZcYZ YZ X bd aVh egZeVgZh# — IZ egdedc\d/ kVbdh YdcYZ XVYV fj^Zc e^YV ad fjZ fj^ZgV# — 9Z VXjZgYd#

&++ AZc\jV_Z +

7^ZckZc^Ydh V aV iZgXZgV XdckZcX^ c YZ XVgY^ ad\dh# KVbdh V ZhXjX]Vg Va YdXidg 8VgWVaad# wa VhZ\jgV fjZ aV ^ckZhi^\VX^ c Zc aV fjZ ]V igVWV_VYd YZbjZhigV fjZ Za igVheaVciZ YZ XdgVo c VW^Zgid ejZYZ hZg b{h XZgiZgd n bZcdh Ydadgdhd eVgV adh eVX^ZciZh# 6YZb{h! Za Xdhid Zh bZcdg fjZ Za YZ aVh VXijVaZh X^gj\ Vh! edg ad fjZ aVh eZghdcVh YZ bZcdh XVeVX^YVY ZXdc b^XV nV ejZYZc deiVg edg a#

Jc^YVY .

)

GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯=Vn Vg\jbZcidh Zc adh Ydh Z_Zbeadh4 W# ¯8j{aZh4

Adh \g^Z\dh [jZgdc adh X# ¯8j{cYd dXjeVbdh Vg\jbZcidh4 eg^bZgdh Zc Y# YZhVggdaaVg Z# 9jgVciZ Za Y V! eVgV Y^kZghVh h^ijVX^dcZh# Y^[ZgZciZh Hdad XjVcYd ]VXZbdh ZhXg^idh ZhXdaVgZh! ^ckZhi^\VX^dcZh! ZiX# i Xc^XVh YZ Y^hXjh^ c! Vg\jbZciVX^ c n YZWViZ# Adh b{h gZegZhZciVi^kdh [jZgdc adh Éa hd[dh H XgViZh n 6g^hi iZaZh#

GZXjZgYV fjZ Zh ^bedgiVciZ hVWZg ZmVXiVbZciZ Xj{aZh hdc aVh :hXg^WZ Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z# ^YZVh XZcigVaZh V# ¯8j{aZh hdc adh Vg\jbZcidh fjZ hZ egZhZciVc Zc XVYV jcd eVgV YZhej h XdcdXZg adh YZ adh iZmidh# Vg\jbZcidh V [Vkdg d Zc W# ¯8j{a Vg\jbZcid VednVh4 :mea^XV edg fj # XdcigV#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z + &+,

Jc^YVY . +

AZZ n VegZcYZ#

Adh \g^Z\dh n Za Vg\jbZcid Adh \g^Z\dh XgZVgdc jcV XjaijgV [VhX^cVciZ! YZ iVa bdYd fjZ idYd cjZhigd bjcYd VXijVa Zhi{ WVhVYd Zc bjX]dh VheZXidh YZ ZhV XjaijgV# Jcd YZ adh VedgiZh XZcigVaZh YZ adh \g^Z\dh Zh aV bVcZgV Xdbd VWdgYVWVc adh egdWaZbVh YZ aV hdX^ZYVY# :m^hi Vc eaVoVh YdcYZ adh bVZhigdh Zmea^XVWVc adh iZbVh n XVYV fj^Zc Zmedc V hjh ejcidh YZ k^hiV# :hd h ! idYd YZW V YZbdhigVghZ n! Xdc Vg\jbZcidh! YZW V XdckZcXZghZ Va digd hdWgZ aVh ^YZVh eaVciZVYVh# Edg Z_Zbead! H XgViZh YZhVggdaa idYd jc b idYd YZ Y^hXjh^ c aaVbVYd ^cYjXi^kd# :hiZ Xdch^hi V Zc gVodcVg YZ iVa bVcZgV! fjZ Va dWhZgkVg aV gZVa^YVY n Va Vea^XVg Za XdcdX^b^Zcid hZ edY Vc [dgbVg ^YZVh \ZcZgVaZh# 6 H XgViZh aZ ^ciZgZhVWVc aVh YZÉc^X^dcZh jc^kZghVaZh# EVgV H XgViZh Za XdcXZeid jc^kZghVa cd XVbW^V n h^\jZ h^ZcYd Za b^hbd! Xdbd edg Z_Zbead! aV YZÉc^X^ c YZ ]dbWgZ Xdbd Vc^bVa gVX^dcVa# 6jcfjZ XVYV ]dbWgZ i^ZcZ Y^[ZgZciZh XVgVXiZg hi^XVh! idYd Vc^bVa fjZ Zhi{ YdiVYd YZ gVo c Zh jc ]dbWgZ! VjcfjZ VXi Z Zc [dgbV ^chi^ci^kV n VadXVYVbZciZ# 9Za b^hbd bdYd edYZbdh YZÉc^g aV WZaaZoV! fjZ VjcfjZ eVgZoXV jc XdcXZeid hjW_Zi^kd! hj b^hbV YZÉc^X^ c ^bea^XV aV Zm^hiZcX^V YZ jc bdYZad fjZ aV gZegZhZciV Zc [dgbV jc^kZghVa# H XgViZh aZ didg\VWV ^bedgiVcX^V V aVh YZÉc^X^dcZh jc^kZghVaZh edgfjZ hj bVndg egZdXjeVX^ c ZgV aV XdcYjXiV i^XV n! hZ\ c hj Xdhbdk^h^ c! aV YZÉc^X^ c ZgV aV WVhZ h a^YV fjZ cZXZh^iVWVc adh ]dbWgZh eVgV hdhiZcZghZ Zc Za iZbWaVYZgVa YZa gZaVi^k^hbd hdÉhiV# 8dc gZheZXid V adh gVodcVb^Zcidh ^cYjXi^kdh! H XgViZh cd adh YZhVggdaa Zhig^XiVbZciZ YZhYZ aV a \^XV! Xdbd 6g^hi iZaZh! h^cd fjZ hj b idYd ZgV aV Y^Va Xi^XV d XdckZghVX^ c gVodcVYV# ;gZciZ V XjVafj^Zg eVaVWgV Y^\cV YZ Y^hXjh^ c! eZY V V fj^Zc ]VWaVWV Xdc a hj h^\c^ÉXVYd# 9Z ZhiV [dgbV! a h^ZbegZ Y^g^\ V Za gjbWd YZ aV XdckZghVX^ c! XjZhi^dcVcYd [gZXjZciZbZciZ hdWgZ aV YZÉc^X^ c YZ eVaVWgVh eVgV ZciZcYZg adh b^hbdh XdcXZeidh# &+- AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY .

H XgViZh aaVbVWV V ZhiZ b idYd bVn ji^XV! eVaVWgV gZaVX^dcVYV Xdc aV dWhiZig^X^V! cd h ad edgfjZ hZ k^cXjaVWV Xdc aV egd[Zh^ c YZ hj bVYgZ! fjZ ZgV eVgiZgV! h^cd iVbW^ c edgfjZ h^\c^ÉXVWV YVg V ajo aVh ^YZVh kZgYVYZgVh# BVg\Vg^iV =Zgc{cYZo hVakVYdgZ V

GZ cZiZ Zc \gjed n ]Vo ad h^\j^ZciZ/

:hXg^WZ Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z

¯GZXjZgYVh fjZ Zc aV V# :mea^XV Xdc ijh eVaVWgVh fj ZciZcY^hiZ YZ aV aZXijgV aZXX^ c YZ adh \g^Z\dh# VciZg^dg WjhXVhiZ jcV W# =Vo jc Y^Wj_d! Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z! hdWgZ X bd ^c[dgbVX^ c ]VWg V h^Yd eVgi^X^eVg Zc ZhVh Y^hXjh^dcZh \g^Z\Vh# Zc eZg^ Y^Xdh4 EjZh V c aV kVh V jhVg# H^\jZ adh eVhdh#

V# 8dc aVh ^YZVh fjZ WjhXVhiZ Zc aV aZXX^ c VciZg^dg ZaVWdgV jcd d Ydh Vg\jbZcidh hdWgZ aV ^bedgiVcX^V YZ ZhZ iZbV# W# 8j{aZh hdc ijh ^YZVh V YZbdhigVg# AZc\jV_Z + &+.

Jc^YVY .

8gîZg^dh eVgV hVWZg h^ jc Vg\jbZcid Zh WjZcd HZ Zc[dXV Zc VWdgYVg Za iZbV Zc XjZhi^ c# 8dbegjZWV h a^YVbZciZ! Xdc YVidh! ^ckZhi^\VX^dcZh! aZXijgVh n XîVh! aVh gVodcZh YZ hj eZchVb^Zcid# HZ Vci^XêV V gZ[jiVX^dcZh n \VgVciôV gZhejZhiVh X^ZgiVh V edh^WaZh ViVfjZh#

GZÊZm^dcV n h^\jZ adh eVhdh# &# =Vo jcV a^hiV YZ edh^WaZ W^Wa^d\gV[ V V jhVg eVgV XdbegdWVg ijh Vg\jbZcidh n ijh ^YZVh# '# HZaZXX^dcV jcd! Ydh d igZh a^Wgdh Xdc adh fjZ igVWV_Vg{h# (# 6kZg^\jV hdWgZ digVh eZghdcVh fjZ ]VnVc igVWV_VYd hdWgZ ZhZ iZbV n egZ\ ciVaZh de^c^dcZh! XdcXajh^dcZh! ^YZVh! ZiX# )# HVXV aV ^c[dgbVX^ c b{h ^bedgiVciZ# *# EVhV Zc a^be^d ijh Vg\jbZcidh n kZg^ÉXV fjZ Z[ZXi^kVbZciZ hZVc Xdck^cXZciZh n fjZ gZ[jZgXZc ijh ^YZVh#

GZXjZgYV fjZ eVgV hjhiZciVg ijh Vg\jbZcidh YZWZh jhVg/ YVidh! Vgi Xjadh eZg^dY hi^Xdh! ^ckZhi^\VX^dcZh X^Zci ÉXVh! ZiX#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh &,% AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY .

AZXX^ c ) &

GZYVXiZbdh XdcXajh^dcZh

AZZ aV h^\j^ZciZ ^c[dgbVX^ c#

=Vn fjZ jhVgadh b{h YZ jcV kZoµ ¯HVW Vh fjZ VciZh! XjVcYd cjZhigdh VWjZadh V c cd ]VW Vc cVX^Yd! idYd hZ gZjhVWV4 EVgV a^be^Vg hZ jhVWVc eV dh YZ iZaV! fjZ ajZ\d hZ aVkVWVc! edg X^Zgid Xdc _VW c ]ZX]d YZ [gjiVh! Xdbd aVh VXZîjcVh# :c Zhdh i^Zbedh cVY^Z eZchVWV Zc XdbegVg jcV Xdb^YV g{e^YV# IdYVh aVh [Vbâ^Vh YZY^XVWVc i^Zbed eVgV aV Xdb^YV! eVgV XdckZghVg# AV ^YZV YZ WdiVg Va\d YZhej h YZ jhVgad cd Zm^hi V! edgfjZ cd Zm^hi V ad YZhZX]VWaZ# Cd ]VW V eaVidh YZ XVgi c n bjX]d bZcdh YZ ea{hi^Xd# 6a aZkVciVghZ! aVh bj_ZgZh edc Vc Za XV[ eVgV Za YZhVnjcd! eZgd cd ZgV XV[ ^chiVci{cZd! ZgV XV[ cVijgVa! ejgd# EVgV hVodcVg aV Xdb^YV cd ]VW V iVaZh YZ XjWîdh YZ edaad d hVWgdhVYdg YZ XVgcZ# IdYd ZgV V ejgVh ]^ZgWVh n XVgcZ gZVa# :gV ^beZchVWaZ hdad XVaZciVg aV Xdb^YV Zc Za b^XgddcYVh# HZ iZc V fjZ ZcXZcYZg [jZ\d jcV kZo Zc XVYV i^Zbed YZ Xdb^YV edgfjZ ZgVc XdX^cVh YZ aZ V! YZ bdYd fjZ Xdb Vc idYdh _jcidh eVgV VegdkZX]Vg Za [jZ\d# ¯HVWZh Xj{cidh Vgi Xjadh YZhZX]VWaZh hZ egdYjXZc ]dn4 Hdad gZk^hV Zc ij gZ[g^\ZgVYdg d VaVXZcV n kZg{h WdiZh YZ bVndcZhV! YZ hVahV! XZgZVaZh! ZiX#! idYd ZckjZaid Zc XVgi c! ea{hi^Xd d Zc XVgi c Xdc ea{hi^Xd# IZcZbdh jc bjcYd aaZcd YZ YZhZX]VWaZh# EZgd! ¯Xj{a Zh Za egdWaZbV YZ Zhid4

AZc\jV_Z + &,&

Jc^YVY .

:a egdWaZbV Zh fjZ aV egdYjXX^ c YZ iVcid eVeZa Zhi{ YZ_VcYd ¾aV i^ZggV eZadcV¿# H ! Vh Xdbd ad aZZh/ eZadcV! edgfjZ Zh bVndg aV YZhigjXX^ c YZ {gWdaZh fjZ aV eaVciVX^ c YZ Zhidh# 6 hj kZo! aV ZhXVhZo YZ {gWdaZh ]VXZ fjZ aV i^ZggV hZ XVa^ZciZ n fjZ nV cd ]VnV iVciV V\jV a^be^V eVgV WZWZg# IVbW^ c aV ^cYjhig^V n aVh b{fj^cVh cZXZhVg^Vh eVgV ]VXZg [jcX^dcVg Za bjcYd bdYZgcd ]VXZc fjZ aV i^ZggV hZ XVa^ZciZ b{h# AV WjZcV cdi^X^V Zh fjZ V c edYZbdh YZiZcZg aV XdciVb^cVX^ c n Za XVaZciVb^Zcid \adWVa! h^c cZXZh^YVY! edg hjejZhid! YZ kdakZg V ]VXZg idYd YZ [dgbV VgiZhVcVa# HZ ejZYZ iZcZg jcV gZaVX^ c Vgbdc^dhV ZcigZ adh gZXjghdh fjZ aV i^ZggV cdh YV \ZcZgdhVbZciZ n cjZhigd bjcYd bdYZgcd# IdYd Zhi{ Zc edcZg idYdh jc \gVc^id YZ VgZcV# BVg\Vg^iV =Zgc{cYZo hVakVYdgZ V '

GZÊZm^dcV# V# ¯9Z fj iZbV igViV Za Vgi Xjad4 W# ¯8j{a [jZ aV ^YZV YZ aV VjidgV YZ ZhiZ eZfjZ d Vgi Xjad4

=dn h nV h Xdbd ]VXZg XdcXajh^dcZh#

X# ¯Fj Vg\jbZcidh ]V jhVYd eVgV XdckZcXZg hdWgZ Za iZbV fjZ aZ ^ciZgZhV4 Y# H^ ij bVZhigV iZ e^Y^ZgV ]VXZg jcV XdcXajh^ c! ¯fj Y^g Vh4

JcV XdcXajh^ c Zh jc XdcdX^b^Zcid d ^YZV V aV fjZ hZ aaZ\V Xdbd ÉcVa YZ jc gVodcVb^Zcid#

(

GZ cZiZ Zc \gjed n ]Vo ad h^\j^ZciZ/ V# :hXg^WZ aV XdcXajh^ c fjZ eZchVhiZ# W# 8dbe{giZaV Zc \gjed#

&,' AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY .

AV XdcXajh^ c YZa iZmid fjZ aZ hiZ Zh/ :h jg\ZciZ ]VXZg Va\d eVgV [gZcVg aV XdciVb^cVX^ c YZ aV i^ZggV# 8VYV fj^Zc ejZYZ ]VXZg hj eVgiZ#

)

6]dgV aZZ Za h^\j^ZciZ Y^{ad\d#

:c ZhZ bdbZcid YZ ^cYZX^h^ c! eZch / ¾B{h kVaZ e{_Vgd Zc bVcdµ¿! n VXZei Za Y^cZgd#

6XZeiVhiZ eZgdµ# ¯Fj eVh YZhej h4

GZhedcYZ/ V# ¯8j{cYd hZ jhVc adh ejcidh hjheZch^kdh! hZ\ c ZhiZ Y^{ad\d4 W# :hXg^WZ jcd YZ hjh jhdh Zc ij XjVYZgcd YZ AZc\jV_Z# X# KZg^ÉXV Zc aV iVWaV YZ aV h^\j^ZciZ e{\^cV h^ VXZgiVhiZ Zc Za jhd YZ adh ejcidh hjheZch^kdh#

8jVYZgcd YZ Z_ZgX^X^dh AZc\jV_Z + &,(

Jc^YVY .

Adh ejcidh hjheZch^kdh hdc h^\cdh dgid\g{ÉXdh fjZ hjedcZc jcV ^ciZggjeX^ c YZ aV dgVX^ c d jc ÉcVa ^begZk^hid#

AZZ n gZXjZgYV Xj{cYd hZ YZWZc ji^a^oVg adh ejcidh hjheZch^kdh#

Jhd

:_Zbead

9Zhej h YZ adh ejcidh hjheZch^kdh! XjVcYd X^ZggV jc ZcjcX^VYd! hZ ZhXg^WZ bVn hXjaV#

:hidn eZchVcYd fjZµ 6XZeiVg 0 Zc ZhiV dXVh^ c YZWd Vgg^Zh\VgbZ#

8jVcYd adh ejcidh hjheZch^kdh cd ZcX^ZggVc jc ZcjcX^VYd n ZhiZ Xdci^c V igVh Zaadh! hZ ZhXg^WZ b^c hXjaV#

:c XVhd YZ fjZ k^c^ZgVhµ V] iZ YZ_d aV aaVkZ#

HZ jhVc adh ejcidh hjheZch^kdh Va ÉcVa YZ ZcjbZgVX^dcZh VW^ZgiVh d ^cXdbeaZiVh! Xdc Za b^hbd hZci^Yd fjZ aV eVaVWgV ZiX iZgV#

Hj i^ZcYV Zh Xdbd aV YZ adh ejZWadh! YdcYZ kZcYZc YZ idYd/ XdbZhi^WaZh! XVX]Vggdh! gdeVh! _j\jZiZhµ# EjZYZh ]VXZg ad fjZ iZ VeZiZoXV b{h/ aZZg! kZg aV iZaZk^h^ c! ZhXjX]Vg b h^XVµ

:c dXVh^dcZh! aV ^ciZggjeX^ c YZa ZcjcX^VYd h^gkZ eVgV hdgegZcYZg Va aZXidg Xdc ad ^cZheZgVYd YZ aV hVa^YV#

HZ XdckdX V jcV _jciV! hZ Y^hig^WjnZgdc XZciZcVgZh YZ eVeZaZh VcjcX^{cYdaV n! Va ÉcVa! cdh gZjc^bdhµ XjVigd eZghdcVh#

8jVcYd hZ gZegdYjXZ jcV X^iV iZmijVa! hZciZcX^V d gZ[g{c! db^i^ZcYd jcV eVgiZ#

:c ZhZ bdbZcid YZ ^cYZX^h^ c! eZch / B{h kVaZ fjZ Y^\V Vfj Xdgg^ µ# N bZ [j^#

HZ ZhXg^WZc igZh ejcidh YZcigd YZ eVg ciZh^h µ d XdgX]ZiZh PµR XjVcYd Va igVchXg^W^g a^iZgVabZciZ jc iZmid hZ db^iZ jcV eVgiZ YZ a#

Nd [j^ adXd n nV hdn XjZgYd0 [j^ Ydc Fj^_diZ YZ aV BVcX]V n hdn V\dgV PµR 6adchd Fj^_Vcd Za 7jZcd#

:hXg^WZ jc Y^{ad\d n jhV ejcidh hjheZch^kdh Zc YdcYZ egVXi^fjZh! Va bZcdh! Ydh d igZh XVhdh Y^hi^cidh#

&,) AZc\jV_Z +

Jc^YVY . -

AZZ Za ZhfjZbV n ]Vo ad h^\j^ZciZ/ V# :a^\Z jc iZbV YZ ij ^ciZg h# W# EVhd V eVhd ZaVWdgV jc iZmid Vg\jbZciVi^kd# X# 9{hZad V jc Vb^\d d Vb^\V eVgV fjZ ad aZV n iZ Y hj de^c^ c#

EVhd &

8dcXZW^g jcV ^YZV eVgV ^ckZhi^\Vg#

EVhd '

EVhd (

EaVciZVg Za egdWaZbV YZ ^ckZhi^\VX^ c#

GZk^hVg aV a^iZgVijgV hdWgZ ZZhZ iZbV#

6g\jbZciVg ij ejcid YZ k^hiV#

>ckZhi^\Vg n gZXde^aVg ^c[dgbVX^ c YZ ^ciZg h hdWgZ Za iZbV#

EaVciZVghZ Ydh d igZh egZ\jciVh V gZhedcYZg#

EVhd )

GZk^hVg Za ZhXg^id/ " GZk^h^ c YZ aV ^YZV# " GZk^h^ c YZ adh " VVg\jbZcidh# " EgdYjXX^ c YZ aVh XdcXajh^dcZh#

:aVWdgVg jc eg^bZg ZhXg^id#

:c ZhiV jc^YVY ]Vh VegZcY^Yd eVhd V eVhd X bd hZ ]VXZ jc iZmid Vg\jbZciVi^kd# 8dbegjZWV ad fjZ ]Vh VegZcY^Yd#

AZc\jV_Z + &,*

AV egZhZciZ ZY^X^ c XdchiV YZ &'+!*,. Z_ZbeaVgZh# HZ ^beg^b^ Xdc [dcYdh YZa <dW^Zgcd YZ aV GZe Wa^XV YZ :a HVakVYdg egdkZc^ZciZh YZa ;^YZ^Xdb^hd eVgV aV :YjXVX^ c! EVo HdX^Va n HZ\jg^YVY#

>begZhd Zc :a HVakVYdg edg :Y^idg^Va 6aiVb^gVcd BVYg^o! H# 6# HZei^ZbWgZ YZ '%%-#