Queensland 150 years of achievement

Queensland 15 0 YE ARS OF ACHIE VE ME NT

Written by Kay Saunders

Queensland 15 0 YE ARS OF ACHIE VE ME NT

Written by Kay Saunders

Introduction From the arrival of my great-grandfather, Patrick Duff from Ayr in Scotland in 1878, my family has lived in Queensland. My grandfather, Frank Saunders attended King’s College, Cambridge and my other grandfather, Peter Walsh worked on the railways.

My great grandmother, Harriet Sizer was an original suffragette with Mrs Pankhurst, her son, Hubert Sizer was a notable Queensland conservative parliamentarian. No wonder I am an historian of this complex contradictory society for forty years.

This book is set within specific parameters. Achievers have finished their careers in their chosen fields; hence few are still alive. This is why Geoffrey Rush, Peter Doherty, Stephen Page, George Miller and Tracey Moffatt are not entries. They await their full acknowledgment in 2059. Time is balanced in my entries that begin in 1859, which also precludes the inclusion of John Dunmore Lang, Stephen Simpson or John Oxley.

Individuals have not necessarily been born here—this would preclude many in the colonial period and more recent immigrants. I have relied upon birth here or the most substantial part of their careers here.

I have to stress that this is my list of notable achievers. I had to be ruthless, as my original lists had hundreds more individuals. I hope this provides the opportunity for reflection and debate about upon what constitutes success in the public domain.

All my life I have been influenced by stories in the Bible, Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare. From each I have taken much wisdom, realising that human life is full of frailty, endeavour, suffering, joy, disappointment, coincidence, serendipity, aspirations, despair and conflict. This is not a “politically correct” selection. It does not resurrect the tiny career of an obscure woman in favour of a man with substantial achievements.

Like Job’s wife and the women who baked cakes for the Queen of Heaven, all too many women are nameless in the historical record, enmeshed in family, home and community.

Since this book relies upon the written word where information has to be accessible, the achievements of many non-Europeans therefore fall outside of the domain of my research.

Kay Saunders AM

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Emma Miller 1839–1917

above left Statue of Emma Miller (BCC/SLQ.) above centre Feminists languished in small coteries until reignited when Merle Thornton and Rosalie Bognor chained themselves to the rail of the beautiful colonial Regatta Hotel’s public bar in protest of its singularly male clientele. It was thus in Brisbane that Second Wave Feminism was born (The Courier-Mail) above right Mounted police challenge unionists in 1912 Strike (SLQ)

olonial Queensland was not a safe or congenial place for women. With high marriage and birth rates, colonial women were kept all too often within the confines of home and family. Some however did challenge the dominant masculine ethos, charting new opportunities and horizons for women. Maryborough parliamentarian and High Court judge Charles Powers unsuccessfully attempted to secure women’s suffrage on 15 occasions in the Queensland Legislative Assembly during the 1890s.

Other feminists took women’s and workers issues into a broader understanding of how society was structured and operated.

Emma Miller was born in 1839 in Derbyshire.

A strong Chartist fighting for the right of working people to form their own associations, she accompanied her father on rallies. Arriving in Queensland in 1879, she later helped form a female factory workers’ union in 1890 as well as acting as an organiser for the new Australian Workers Union.

Miller was a foundation member of the Workers’ Political Organisation. She was appointed the foundation president of

the Women’s Equal Franchise Association (1894-1905).

Miller’s entry onto the national scene came in the 1912 Tramway Workers Strike in Brisbane, acknowledged as the first general strike in the world. The strike spread to 43 unions. Special constables, including Boer War veterans, dubbed “The Legion of Frontiersmen” were enrolled.

Intense violence by mounted police and special constables erupted on “Black Friday”, 2 February 1912. Liberal Premier Digby Denman requested the use of the Army. Denham and Governor Sir William McGregor contemplated the deployment of German sailors from the SMS Condor berthed in Moreton Bay. With mounted police freely swinging their batons, Miller showed her mettle, stabbing the horse of the police commissioner with her hat pin. Commissioner Cahill was hospitalised with severe groin injuries, a rather symbolic attack on the State’s manhood. As the Queensland President of the Women’s Peace Army, she was delegate to the Australian Peace Alliance Conference in Melbourne in 1916.

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Andrew Petrie 1798–1872, John Petrie 1822–1892 and Thomas Petrie 1831–1910

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above left Mr John Petrie, the first mayor of Brisbane (The Courier-Mail) above right Petrie family’s first home in Brisbane (The Courier-Mail)

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he Petries were one of the most fascinating and influential families in colonial Queensland. Andrew Petrie, born in Fife Scotland in 1798, was one of the worthy Scot artisans brought to the colonies in 1831 by the redoubtable Reverend Dr John Dunmore Lang. His first position was as clerk of works in the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement, where he had been sent specifically to refurbish the windmill which was used to punish recalcitrant felons.

An adventurous man, Petrie took to exploration; his abiding passion for his new land and its indigenous peoples was transmitted to his sons. Later Tom Petrie’s recollections, dictated to his daughter Constance in 1904, provided much material on the Turrbal and Meanjin peoples.

With the cessation of the penal settlement in 1839, Andrew Petrie explored lands to the north, naming the Mary River and locating two runaway convicts, James Davis (or “Duramboi” as he had become) and David Bracewell (or “Wandi”). His eldest son John was apprenticed to learn masonry.

As Andrew’s blindness took hold, John took over the management of the firm

which won contracts to build the Deanery of St John’s Anglican Cathedral, where Governor Bowen and his family first resided, the Brisbane Immigration Barracks, the Brisbane Gaol, the central building at the Brisbane Hospital at Bowen Hills, the GPO (on the site of the convict female factory), the Houses of Parliament and the Customs House in Petrie Bight. The Church of England nuns, the Sisters of the Sacred Advent, commissioned a house, which now forms part of St. Margaret’s School in Albion. Other grand domestic architecture included “Toorak”, built on Hamilton Hill for Sir James Dickson, the premier, in 1901, “Kedron Lodge”, built for Queensland’s first Supreme Court judge, Alfred Lutwyche, and “San Souci”, built for Andrea Stombuco.

John Petrie was Brisbane’s first mayor. The family consolidated their social prominence when his sister Isabella married successful builder, Robert Ferguson, the cousin of Governor Bowen. Though lacking his father’s drive and business acumen, John Petrie was involved in a range of businesses including the Queensland Steam Navigation Company, formed in 1861.

Karl Langer 1903–1969 A r c h i t e c t s ,

Above right Architectural plans by Karl Langer for RF Condon’s residence in St Lucia, c. 1962 (SLQ)

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Brisbane 1950 (SLQ)

County Council and clients in Ingham, Toowoomba, Mount Isa and Kingaroy.

He had hoped King George Square outside the Brisbane City Hall could be used as a tropical garden and he advocated a mall in Queen and Adelaide Streets, based on models from Rotterdam and Stockholm.

Langer was critical of the reliance of cars and motor vehicles and sent out a warning that Brisbane could end up like Los Angeles without more urgent and efficient town and transport planning.

He is now best remembered for his plans for the canal developments on the Gold Coast and for Lennon’s Broadbeach Hotel.

John Thompson designed the other iconic building of this time, Torbreck Units at Highgate Hill, through the firm of RP Froud and AH Job with Noel Kratzmann as builder.

Kratzmann was also the contractor for Lennon’s Broadbeach.

Karl Langer also was active in his professional associations, the National Trust and the Queensland Art Gallery Society.

His funeral service was held in the chapel of St Peter’s Lutheran School, which he designed in 1966.

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Above left Doctor Karl Langer,

ustralia was a generous home to Jewish and anti-Nazi refugees fleeing Nazi Germany and Austria. That General Sir John Monash and the first Australian born governor general, Sir Isaac Isaacs, were both Jewish engendered a more tolerant and accepting society. Karl Langer and Gertrude Langer formed part of this diaspora, arriving in Sydney in 1939. Langer had studied with the influential Peter Behrens at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Wien, graduating in 1928. A highly cultured man, he studied at the Technische Hochschule (1931) and undertook his doctorate in fine arts at the University of Vienna in 1933. In 1932 he married fellow student Gertrude Froschel.

Langer came to Brisbane to work initially with Queensland Railways. He also lectured in architecture at the University of Queensland. He published the influential text Sub-Tropical Housing in 1944. With their European sophistication, the Langers soon established themselves as the leading modernists in the wartime city. Gertrude later became the art critic for The Courier-Mail.

His career as a town planner flourished with commissions from the Cumberland

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Marian Ellis Rowan 1848–1922

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above left Marian Ellis Rowan in her studio (NLA) above centre Ellis Rowan botanical illustration (NLA) above right Ellis Rowan teacups (Queensland Museum)

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ew women in the 19th century had careers, as we understand the term today. Nuns were amongst the only professional women until the later decades.

Some, like Marion North and Marian Ellis Rowan, buoyed by family money, were able to pursue careers of their own choosing without the difficulties encountered by employees and business owners. Marion Ellis Rowan was born in Melbourne in 1848 into an artistic family. Her grandfather, John Cotton was a well-known illustrator of birds.

Helena Forde, now noted for her illustrations of Australian snakes published in the 1860s, was a good role model.

With her husband as the publisher of the Picturesque Atlas of Australasia (1886), Ellis (as she was known professionally) first came to note as an illustrator. A colleague of Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, the Victorian Government Botanist, Ellis collaborated in 1888 and 1889 on a series of beautiful botanical illustrations.

In 1880 Ellis met the English gentlewoman, Marianne North (1830-1890) who had travelled the world alone in search of rare specimens to paint. North stressed the

importance of viewing plants in their original habitat and by so doing, avoiding the stiffness of many illustrations by earlier ornithologists.

Ellis exhibited at international expositions in India and Europe before the triumph of a gold medal at the World’s Columbian Exposition at Chicago (1893). She also showed in Clausen’s Gallery in New York in 1902 and Dowdeswell Galleries in London (1896). Her travels through Queensland, New Guinea and the Torres Straits produced many beautiful illustrations In 1898 Ellis published her memoirs, Flower Hunter in Australia and New Zealand. Ellis had to struggle against the perception she was undertaking lady-like pursuits. Collectors like the robust and defiant Kendall Broadbent, who sent in collections of insects, reptiles, mammals and fossils to the Queensland Museum from the 1870s, was the template upon which others were judged. His rampant masculinity accorded with the strictures of an aggressive frontier society.

The Queensland Museum purchased 125 of Ellis’s illustrations and honoured her in an exhibition in 1990 curated by Judith McKay.

Carl Magnus Oscar Friström 1856–1918

above left Friström portrait of “King Sandy” of the Ningi Ningi people, one of the last surviving Brisbane district Aborigines. He is thought to have died at Wynnum in 1900 (SLQ) above right Issac Walter Jenner (SLQ)

olonial Queensland attracted adventurous people from varied backgrounds. The architectural profession attracted talented Europeans such as Italian, Andrea Stombuco, Frenchman Louis Le Gould, German Edward de Saluz Kretshmer, Belgian Martin Haenke, and Swede Hugo Durietz. Danish-born photographer, Poul Poulson charted the streets and buildings of Brisbane in the 1870s and 1880s. Some scientists, like Brunswick-born Johann (Louis) Krefft (1830-1881), were talented artists. Krefft was noted for his sympathetic drawings of the indigenous people of the Murray River. In his zoological work in Queensland he discovered and named the lungfish, Ceratodus fosteri.

The artist Carl Friström was born in Blekinge, Sweden, in 1856, arriving in Brisbane in 1883 when he jumped ship.

Little is known of his early training or education. He worked as a photograph colourist with DH Hutchinson with whom he entered into partnership in 1885. Friström began painting, and his early representation of the Queensland National Association exhibits gained him clients. His brother

Claus joined the firm in 1888. Carl was also employed as art master at All Hallows Convent School where his wife Catherine Johnstone taught music.

For the centennial year of British settlement, Friström exhibited a painting of “King Sandy” of the Ningi Ningi people at the Centenary Exhibition Building in Melbourne. This painting was later housed in the Queensland Museum and the Queensland Art Gallery on Gregory Terrace before they moved to their own superb buildings on South Bank in the early 1980s.

Portraiture of indigenous people became his early trademark.

Along with Isaac Jenner and Lewis Worth, Friström helped form the Queensland Art Society in 1887. They later established the New Society of Artists in 1904, along with influential architect, GHM Addison, who was responsible for the Exhibition Building on Gregory Terrace, the magnificent Bank of New South Wales building in Queen Street (1899) and the Brisbane Technical College Buildings (1897). Other contemporaries included London-born portraitist Eugene Montague (Monty) Scott (1835-1909).

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Lloyd Rees 1895–1988

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above left Lloyd Rees (The Courier-Mail) above right Lloyd Rees Tasmanian Landscape 1974/76 Oil on canvas 122 x 152 cm (Philip Bacon Galleries)

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orn in Brisbane in 1895 and trained at the Brisbane Technical College (now the Griffith University College of Art), Lloyd Rees was named in the Australian Bicentennial Authority’s top 200 list. Unlike many artists he was a political conservative enrolling as a special constable in the 1912 Brisbane General Strike. He did not find work in the Queensland Government Printing Office rewarding alongside militant trade unionists.

In 1917 he began work at the Smith and Julius Studio in Sydney as a commercial artist. Success as an artist came early with the Gallery of New South Wales purchasing three drawings that year, followed by a more major purchase by the National Gallery of Victoria in 1925. In 1937 he was awarded a silver medal for drawing at the Exposition Internationale des Artes et des Techniques in Paris. Other tributes such as the Godfrey Rivers Prize in 1941, the Wynne Prize for landscape in 1950 and 1982, and the inaugural medal of the Painters and Sculptors Association followed these in 1986. In 1975 the Queensland Art Gallery honoured his work with a retrospective.

Rees worked in London in 1923-24 before returning to Sydney. An earlier student at the Brisbane Technical College, Jeanette Sheldon (1885 -1974) showed his early work at her Gainsborough Gallery in Brisbane in the 1920s. She also exhibited the work of Townsville born potter, Jessie Woodroffe (1897-1990) at her previous Sheldon Gallery in 1922.

Rees taught at the Sydney Technical College (1942-46) and in the School of Architecture at the University of Sydney (1946-86), appointed as dean in 1962. From 1964-69 he was the Chairman of the Visual Arts Committee (Australia) for UNESCO. Brisbane-born John Rigby (1922-) is a distinguished portraitist and advertising art director. In 1955 he won the Italian Government Travelling Scholarship and the Australian Woman’s Weekly Art Prize for portraits in 1958. The QAG published a book on his life and work in 2003. Helge Jon Molvig (1923-1970) served in World War II in New Guinea, moving to Brisbane in 1955.

A close associate of John Rigby, Molvig was an expert draughtsman, having studied in Germany and Norway.

Ellen Whitty (Mother Vincent Whitty) 1819–1892

above left Sister Angela Mary Doyle, a Sister of Mercy, with newborn Justin Marrinan, 1993 (The Courier-Mail) above right All Hallows School and Convent, Brisbane (Queensland Architects of the 19th Century, 1994)

n an era when few women were properly educated or had opportunities to undertake professional training, religious sisters were trailblazers. Ellen Whitty entered the Sisters of Mercy in Dublin in 1831, becoming Reverend Mother in the Order.

She organised substantial relief during the Irish Famine in 1847-48 as well as nurses for the Crimean war.

Her career took an unexpected turn when the new Catholic Bishop of Brisbane, James Quinn invited Mother Vincent and five sisters to establish their Order in the new colony. This was not an easy task as Quinn was authoritarian. Mother Vincent wanted her schools to remain independent and responsive to the needs of a new society.

All Hallows School offered the only secondary schooling for girls of all faiths until the establishment of Brisbane Girls Grammar School in 1878. In 1870 she returned to Ireland to recruit more nuns to teach in the expanding system of schools across the colony. By 1890s there were 222 Sisters instructing over 7000 students.

A Mercy Training College was established at Nudgee to train teachers.

Quinn demoted Mother Vincent to the ranks in an attempt to curb her independence.

Mother Mary MacKillop had withdrawn the Order of Saint Joseph sisters in 1875, under tremendous public outcry, for her impatience with Quinn’s rigidity.

Mother Patrick (Norah Potter) (1849-1927) joined Mother Vincent’s congregation in 1868.

A forward thinking teacher, she prepared girls for university education in Sydney and was a firm supporter in 1888 of moves to establish the University of Queensland.

Her administrative capability was further extended in 1893 when she purchased the land in South Brisbane to build the Mater Hospital, which opened in 1910. The leadership of Sister Angela Mary Doyle is now widely recognised.

Mary Bedford, the companion of Queensland’s first female doctor, Lilian Cooper, donated the land at Kangaroo Point upon which Mt. Olivet hospital was constructed in 1957. Aided by generous Catholic laymen like radiologist Sir Clive Uhr, who also supported Boystown, Mt. Olivet, under the Sisters of Charity, pioneered palliative care.

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George Marchant 1857–1941

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above left Dr Eleanor Bourne seated in driver’s seat of horse drawn coach, 1915 (QSA) above right Montrose Home for Crippled Children, 1929 (SLQ)

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ome philanthropists came to their ways of generosity though unlikely means.

George Marchant arrived in Brisbane from Kent in 1874, working initially as a labourer and gardener before taking on the role of a carter for an aerated waters factory.

Though uneducated, Marchant possessed many administrative skills accompanied by keen business acumen. In 1886 he opened his own factory in Spring Hill and soon expanded into other colonies. A follower of the Swedish philosopher, Swedenborg, he pored immense funds into establishing churches in Australia. A fervent teetotaller, he donated money to build the temperance Canberra Hotel in Ann Street, Brisbane.

Though originally fiercely antagonistic to unions, he became friends with the radical William Lane, who was also a teetotaller, becoming president of the Bellamy Society 1890. During the 1890s strikes he supported strikers financially and paid his female workers relatively high wages.

His generosity covered diverse fields. He donated his home, “Montrose” in Taringa for the Queensland Crippled Children’s Society and he set aside land for a Garden

Settlement for the Aged in Chermside, which was administered by the Reverend Harold Wheller (1882-1879), a Methodist activist who worked tirelessly for the homeless and unemployed, and now bears his name.

Laura Davis Duncan (1875-1955), a pastoralist in the Channel Country was a generous donor to charity. She presented her house “Lynne Grove” in Corinda, Brisbane, to the children of destitute and orphaned children of World War I soldiers and was an enthusiastic supporter of the Australian Red Cross. Monsignor Owen Steele (born 1898), a De La Salle brother, established Boystown in Beaudesert in 1961. The Kids Help Line grew out of this order.

The Central Methodist Mission had been established in 1907 from the Albert Street Methodist Church congregation.

Now the Wesley Mission Australia, it provides emergency relief to many groups.

The Methodist Mission at West End, Brisbane, also contributed to the welfare of Queenslanders. In 1953, under the Reverend Arthur Preston, the Blue Nursing Service (now Blue Care) was established to provide free home nursing care.

Wilhelmina Frances Rawson 1851–1933

above left Wilhelmina Rawson wrote several cookbooks, notably The Queensland Cookery and Poultry Book, published in 1878 under her formal married name, Mrs Lance Rawson (A Good Plain Cook, by Susan Addison and Judith McKay) above right Detail from Rawson’s The Australian Enquiry Book of Household & General Information (SLQ)

ina Rawson was woman of great talent and ingenuity. Born in Sydney in 1851, her life changed dramatically when her father, solicitor James Cahill, died and her mother, Elizabeth, married surgeon, James Cadell. The family of 16 children lived near Tamworth, an invaluable training for her later life. In 1872 she married Lancelot Rawson and moved to a cattle property, “The Hollows”, near Mackay.

Unlike his brothers, Lancelot was not a good business manager. His partnership in the Kircubbin sugar plantation in Maryborough dissolved. Moving to Boonooroo near Wide Bay in 1880, Mina Rawson began stories of life here, which she sent to the Wide Bay News. Her pen brought in the family income.

While many middle class women were defeated by rural hardship, Rawson rose to the challenge. Her Queensland Cookery and Poultry Book (1878) began a series of “how-to” manuals. An incipient feminist she declared “there is no reason why a lady should not be able to use a hammer as well as a man”. She published several other books, such as The Australian Enquiry Book

of Household and General Information Book (1894) and Antipodean Cookery Book and Kitchen Companion (1895). Recipes for bats and bandicoots were a response to rural circumstances. She was the first woman swimming teacher for girls in Rockhampton.

Another notable writer on Australian home management and culinary skills was Hannah Maclurcan, who later established the Wentworth Hotel in Sydney. She understood that middle class homes would not have many servants.

Amy Schaurer was also an important figure in domestic economy. Schaurer was the instructor in cookery at the Brisbane Technical College from 1895 to 1937. Her books on cooking for invalids, fruit preservation and her The Schaurer Cookery Book (1909) were best sellers.

She developed the curriculum for regional technical college (later Technical And Further Education colleges).

Marianne Brydon (1864-1941), the first supervisor of domestic science at the Brisbane Technical College, also introduced travelling railway carriage classrooms for country girls’ instruction.

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May Emmeline Wirth 1894–1987

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above left Kerry Bullen with Sambo the Gibbon, 1967 (The Courier-Mail) above right May Wirth the greatest bareback rider of all time (NLA)

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ircus and vaudeville were two popular forms of entertainment until the rise of the radio and cinema in the early 20th century. James Ashton (1861-1918) was born in Ipswich in 1861 while the family circus was on tour. May Wirth was born in Bundaberg in 1894. Her father, John Zinga (ne Desponges), was a Mauritian-born circus performer. In 1901, Mary Wirth (1868-1948), an equestrienne and sister of George Wirth (1867-1941), adopted May. She undertook a series of roles as a tumbler, trapeze artist and contortionist, as well as horseback stunts in Wirth’s circus. She was featured as “May Ringling”, the “American fearless hurricane hurdle rider” in promotions in Melbourne in 1906.

In 1911 Wirth visited the USA where she was employed by John Ringling to perform in Barnum and Bailey shows, where she was dubbed “the world’s greatest bareback rider”. During the World War I she toured the USA leading the “May Wirth Troupe”. Her career extended to the UK in 1922, where she performed at the London Coliseum. Returning to the USA, Wirth also performed in vaudeville, though outdoor

shows were her first love. Wirth appeared in the operetta, The Blue Mask in Chicago in 1931. She was inducted into the Circus Hall of Fame in 1964.

Wirth’s contemporary, “Tiger Lil”, Lillian Ethel Bullen (1894-1965), never garnered the same international recognition, her career being confined largely to regional Queensland in the 1930s. Percy Bullen was a great showman, heralding a show in a new town by arriving in his white Rolls Royce accompanied by caravans and animals.

Queensland produced many talented performers in open-air shows. Ripley-born James Randal McGuire (1937-1980) was raised on a dairy farm, becoming an expert stockman in Taroom. In 1956 he joined the Australian Rough Riders Association, becoming a well-known rodeo rider. He won the coveted title of All-Round Champion Cowboy five times from 1967 to 1976 and was called the “Iron Man of Rodeo”.

Daughter Sharon McGuire won a title in the Women’s Professional Rodeo Association events whilst son Daniel won titles at the steer wrestling international titles in 1978.

The Bee Gees

above left Billy Thorpe at Festival Hall, Brisbane, 22 April 1970 (The Courier-Mail) above right The first appearance of the Bee Gees on QTQ 9’s Teen Beat, 1960 (SLQ)

opular music in Queensland was highly influenced by the presence of hundreds of thousands of resident personnel from the USA during World War II. Jazz and bebop, along with jitterbugging, took off in Queensland. The process of Americanisation had its roots in the colonial period with black and white American minstrels shows. With the introduction of film, and most particularly the talkies in 1928, many Australians were all set to embrace the new global culture.

British and European forms of high culture held sway in the middle class; though increasingly young people were attracted to jazz and later to rock’n’roll.

In 1955 crooner Johnnie Ray was mobbed at Brisbane Airport. The advent of rock’n’roll in 1956 with Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis and Little Richard signalled a wild rebelliousness and indicated that teenagers were not so compliant with 1950s conformity. Brisbane witnessed its own riot over the music on 13 November 1956 at the farewell performance of Frankie Thornton at the Festival Hall.

Queensland produced its own international stars. The Bee Gees, poor

immigrants from England, migrated to Australia in 1958, living on Bribie Island.

Brothers Barry, Maurice and Robin started out on QTQ-9 shows as children. Their beautiful three-part harmonies rivalled those of the Everly Brothers. They started out as the “Rattlesnakes” and later as “Wee Johnny Hayes and the Bluecats”. In 1963 they cut their first record with Festival Records. Their first LP was called The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs.

They left Australia in 1966, signing with Robert Stigwood of NEMS. By the late 1970s their international career reached its height with songs in the hit Saturday Night Fever starring John Travolta. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997.

Queensland produced other international acts such as the Saints with the hit “(I’m) Stranded” (1976), the Go-Betweens (whose words now adorn the Queensland State Library), Billy Thorpe, Savage Garden, Keith Urban and Christine Anu. Troy CassarDaley is a recognised artist. Composers Colin Brumby and Philip Bracanin are internationally recognised.

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Bernborough 1939–1960

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above left Detail from illustration featuring Bernborough promoting the QTC Races Prince of Wales Birthday Spring Meeting (QSA) above right Bernborough, 1946 (The Courier-Mail)

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orse racing has captured the enthusiasm of many Queenslanders.

The first recorded meeting occurred behind the old convict female factory (now the Brisbane GPO). In 1843 the Moreton Bay Racing Club held races at Cooper’s Plains. In May 1853, a fashionable race meeting took place in New Farm Park with lady equestriennes and a performance by Aboriginal runners. Richard Craven (18451899) arrived in Maryborough in 1866 and spent decades prospecting, striking it rich with the Brilliant field at Charters Towers in 1889. As a director of Burns Philp, he also established the Charters Towers Jockey Club.

William Parry-Okeden (1840-1926) served as a magistrate in Cunnamulla (1872-75), Charleville (1873-81) and Gayndah (188186). He promoted racing as a president of jockey clubs and as a judge of livestock at agricultural shows. Godfrey Morgan (1875-1957), a grazier and conservative parliamentarian from the Condamine, bred racehorses, becoming president of the Queensland Breeders’, Owners’ and Trainers’ Association from 1933 to 1939.

Bernborough has been dubbed “Queensland’s greatest horse” by race caller Keith Noud (1913-2001), famed for his broadcasts on the ABC and 4BK. Bred by Harry Winton in Oakey by Emorough (GB) and Bern Maid (AUS) in 1939, Bernborough began his career in Toowoomba. He won 11 of his 19 starts. Controversy over his ownership meant a long career on the Darling Downs until 1945.

Purchased by Sydney restaurateur Azzalin Romano and trained by Harry Plant, Bernborough’s career took off slowly. In 1946 he won the Futurity in Melbourne carrying 64.5 kilos, followed by Newmarket.

On his return to Sydney he won the Rawson Stakes, Chipping Norton Stakes and the All Age Stakes.

In 1946 he won the Doomben 10,000 and the Doomben Cup back to back, but his career ended when he broke a sesamoid in the Mackinnon Stakes. His life as a racehorse over, he started a new career as a stud on Spendthrift Farm in Kentucky, producing two champions, Berseem and Bernwood. His life-sized statue was unveiled in his hometown in October 1977.

The Barnard Family 1831–1966

above left Queensland Museum, William Street, Brisbane (Queensland Architects of the 19th Century, 1994) above right Detail from oil painting depicting 17 of Queensland’s best-known birds executed in 1892 by Anthony Alder, a taxidermist, who provided specimens for the Queensland Museum (SLQ)

ntil the later 19th century, science had not become highly professionalised in the way we now understand the term.

Universities in England stressed a classical education, though institutions like the University of Glasgow were in the forefront of transformation into the modern system.

Not only were scientists like Charles Darwin often gentlemen with ample financial means to pursue their interests, but also the collection of specimens in the new natural sciences relied upon amateurs. Others like Silvester Diggles (1817-1880) who published The Ornithology of Australia (1865-70) formed a link between the amateur and the more professional natural historian.

George Barnard (1831-1894), a grazier at Duaringa, collected insects, suppling authors like AJ North with empirical data. Maria Trafalgar Barnard was a skilled illustrator.

On George’s death Baron Rothschild purchased his collection before it went to the British Museum (Natural History). The Barnards were most unusual parents for their day, allowing their seven children to learn about indigenous culture. Carl Lumholtz, the Norwegian scientist who stayed on their

station in 1883, documented the life of the family in his Among Cannibals (1889). Their bush skills were remarkable from an early age.

Harry Greensill Barnard (1869-1966) accompanied the Scottish geographer and administrator, Archibald Meston on an official expedition to the Bellenden Ker Range in 1889. Harry began a career of collecting for enthusiasts like Rothschild, Sir Charles Ryan and William Snowfield. He also accompanied AS Meek on his expedition to Cooktown and the New Guinea Islands. The collection is now in the Museum of Victoria.

Harry’s brother Charles Ashmall Barnard (1867-1942) was a foundation member and later president of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union. The brothers discovered a rare species of hairy nosed wombat (Lahiorhinus krefftii) near Clermont. His collection is now in the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. Their younger brother Wilfred (1870-1940) collected moths and butterflies which are now displayed in the Queensland Museum. Another untrained collector, Robert Vallis (1887-1954), provided the Queensland Museum with a valuable collection of dragonflies.

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Norman Jolly 1882–1954 and Cyril Tenison White 1890 –1950

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above left Cyril White and Henry Tyron at work in the field (Environmental Agency Queensland) above right Cyril White takes a tea break on route (Environmental Agency Queensland)

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yril White’s upbringing in Brisbane was unusual: both his parents were native-born Australians. With little formal education he was appointed at age 15 as a pupil-assistant to the state botanist, a position his mother’s father, FM Bailey, had held previously. Bailey collected plants for the Meston expedition in 1889 along with entomologist Henry Tyron (1856-1943) and adventurer Kendall Broadbent (1837-1911).

Bailey established the colony’s herbarium in 1874 on the recommendation of the Acclimatisation Society. A fine illustrator, White did many of the drawings for his uncle JF Bailey’s book A Comprehensive catalogue of Queensland Plants (1913).

In 1917 White succeeded his uncle as the State botanist. He died in the position in 1950. Forestry was his particular speciality; his An Elementary Textbook of Australian Forest Botany (1922) and Principles of Botany for Farmers (1938) were core references books. White maintained an international reputation with his correspondence and publications with the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University and the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew.

Norman Jolly (1882-1954) was appointed director of forests in 1911, establishing the principles of forest management. Edward Swain (1883-1970) guided government forestry policy in the period from 1916 to 1935. Trained at the University of Sydney, he started his career in Queensland in Nanango and Gympie before being appointed as director of forests in 1918. Becoming chairman of the Provisional Forestry Board in 1924, Swain was instrumental in establishing the profession. His influential book, Timbers and Forest Products of Queensland (1928), is still an important text.

More recently Dr Aila Keto (1943-), who was involved in the preparation of the successful world heritage nominations for the Wet Tropics, Fraser Island and the Central Eastern Rainforest, was the second Australian to be recognised by the prestigious Fred M Parker Award from the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1992.

In 1984 “Wood Works”, a forestry and timber museum opened in Gympie, jointly operated through the Department of Forestry and the Queensland Museum.

Alfonso Bernard O’Reilly 1903 –1975

above left The site of the Stinson crash in the deep rainforest of the McPherson Range, February 1937. The wreckage of the Stinson airliner was located after nine days of searching, and this rescue of survivors, Binstead and Proud, transfixed the nation. It was a reminder of how the bush could swallow up those who found themselves within its grasp, despite the wonders of modern technology (SLQ) above right Green Mountain, the guesthouse the O’Reilly’s established in the Lamington National Park (QSA)

ernard O’Reilly was one of the famous brothers immortalised in Charles Chauvel’s film, Sons of Matthew (1949). He was again depicted in 1988 when Kennedy Miller staged a four part series on Australian heroes for the Bicentennial Celebrations.

Jack Thompson played the part of Bernard O’Reilly, tracing his part in the rescue of the crashed Stinson plane in 1937 in the rugged McPherson Ranges.

Peter and Jane O’Reilly, originally from the Kanimbla Valley, moved to Queensland in 1910 having been defeated by the rabbit plagues that beset the Blue Mountains area.

The oldest sons, Tom, Herb, Norm, Peter and Mick, along with three cousins, Patrick, Luke and Joe, in 1911 set up a struggling dairying enterprise outside of Canungra. Hacking their way through almost impenetrable jungle they called the road “The Heartbreaker”.

Supplies came in through a tiny bush track along Stockyard Creek. One of the original bush huts remains on the property as a testament to their hard work.

Originally many naturalists and scientists came to stay with the O’Reillys as their base for rainforest research. Tom O’Reilly saw

that a hostel could make a living for the hard working farmers and bushmen. In 1926 the family established “Green Mountains”, a guesthouse in the Lamington National Park, which was declared in 1916. Just getting to the facilities required skill and determination; with a train trip to Beaudesert, then to the Kerry Hotel followed by a long horse ride up twisting and high mountainous roads.

O’Reilly’s Guest House, and Bernard in particular, took hold of the national imagination in 1937 when Bernard found the survivors of the Stinson plane wreck in dense jungle. He had already undertaken a formidable rescue when, on an exploratory trip, his sister Rose O’Reilly slipped on the mountain and fell onto a narrow ledge in 1934. Though not trained formally in science, Bernard was a natural historian with a particular interest in fungi on which he wrote many papers. His book, Green Mountains (1940) documented his life and interests.

The guest house, now a large enterprise, continues its commitments to conservation and scientific research, acting as the base for many scientists undertaking research in the Lamington National Park.

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Steven (Steve) Robert Irwin 1962 – 2006

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above left Steve Irwin, “the crocodile man”, financed extensive research into this ancient reptile species by establishing the Steve Irwin Wildlife Reserve, a popular tourist attraction (The Courier-Mail) above right Crocodile hunter Dulcie Campbell, with two trophies “bagged” at Sunday Gully, North Queensland, c. 1924 (SLQ)

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teve Irwin was a larger than life figure, both before and after his sudden death in September 2006, which brought genuine sorrow across the world.

Irwin’s television programs, through which the enthusiastic presenter often shouted and exclaimed “Crikey!!” while tracking and catching crocodiles, were extremely popular.

Prime Minister Howard invited Irwin to meet president George W Bush at the Lodge in 2003 as a distinguished Australian. That year he was named “Queenslander of the Year”.

His parents, Bob and Lyn Irwin moved to Queensland in 1970 where they opened the Australian Reptile Park at Beerwah the following year. The business was small and limited in its scope and facilities until Steve Irwin took over in 1991.

A passionate environmentalist, Steve volunteered in the Queensland Government’s East Coast Crocodile Management program where he caught large crocodiles singlehanded. In 1992, with John Stanton, Irwin made a documentary, The Crocodile Man. With its immediate success a series of ten one-hour episodes were made, and in this way, Irwin entered homes all over the world.

Altogether, he made 70 episodes of this program, 53 of Croc Files and 43 episodes of Croc Diaries.

Irwin’s marriage to Terri Raines from Oregon consolidated his commitment to conservation, the expansion of the Australia Zoo (as the Park was now called) and to a joyous personal life with children Bindi and Bob. Irwin established a formidable reputation through his commitment to wildlife education and preservation at the Australia Zoo. Entry, like that to Sea World on the Gold Coast and the Aquarium at Mooloolaba, funds vital wildlife research.

However, extensive research facilities and programs were underscored by a tourist attraction. Irwin was granted large tracts of land for the Steve Irwin Wildlife Reserve (SIWR) and mounted a huge campaign against Cape Alumina Ltd, who lodged large mining leases with a 10-year life cycle. Irwin was a supporter of academic research and worked closely with Professor Craig Franklin at the University of Queensland, where he was about to be appointed as an adjunct professor just before his death.

George Washington Griffiths 1844–1924

above left Southern Cross windmill constructed by Griffiths Bros & Co. (SLQ) above right Locomotive PB15 class, number 591, built by Toowomba Foundry Co., 1912 (SLQ)

nlike New South Wales and Victoria, Queensland has always maintained a low base of secondary industry. Reliant on the export of minerals, primary produce and tourism, the large manufacturing sector has languished. Some of the secondary industry has historically been located in regional areas. The Cleveland Foundry in Townsville and Walker Brothers at Maryborough were large operations.

George Griffiths came from a wealthy Manchester family that made its wealth during the American Civil War by somewhat nefarious means. Intending to practice as an architect, George Griffiths undertook a technical education initially in building and engineering. Arriving in Queensland in 1870 he established an ironmongery business in Toowoomba. In 1876 Griffiths Bros & Co undertook contracts for constructing metal windmills. These later became the famous “Southern Cross” windmill. In 1881 the firm won lucrative contracts with Queensland Railways to manufacture sleepers for the Normanton–Croydon line. Walker Brothers, under the leadership of Herbert Goldsmith (1884-1952) won railways contracts.

Three years later Griffiths bought out other family members and formed the Toowoomba Foundry and Rolling Stock Manufacturing Company. From 1910 to 1914 the company built 35 locomotives.

Their design of windmills was far more innovative and long-lasting. This factory was a vital part of the war effort in World War II, employing women in heavy industrial capacities. In 1925, the company, now run

by Alfred Atherton Griffiths (1879-1948) and George Herbert Griffiths (1881-1977) purchased the Eclipse Windmill Company and by 1939 was exporting internationally.

Queensland might have taken a different turn had Premier EG Theodore’s plans for an iron and steel smelter in Bowen eventuated. Thwarted by Sir Robert Philp, Sir Alfred Cowley and John Walsh, the plan was abandoned. Others like Bishop Romuald Hayes (1892-1945) in Rockhampton lobbied for more secondary industry. Samuel Fogo Cochrane (18981972), who chaired the State Electricity Commission from 1938 to 1950, urged government to address the lack of large secondary industries.

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Frederick William Buss 1845 –1926

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above left Now world-famous, Bundaberg Rum was originally produced at the Bundaberg Distillery founded by Frederick Buss with A P Barton (SLQ) above right Bert Hinkler Memorial in Buss Park, established on land donated by Frederick Buss (QSA)

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undaberg is now internationally known for its famous rum, its television and print advertisements with the talking polar bear immediately establishing brand recognition. Yet the rum industry was initially a by-product of the sugar industry. Many wealthy sugar planters, like Angus Gibson and AP Barton, produced a highly viable industry with Melanesian labour. Frederick Buss came from an entirely different background. He began his career as a draper first in London and then in Brisbane.

He and partner Thomas Penny established a drapery business in Maryborough before setting up a department store with his brother, George and WH Williams in 1888.

Buss had shares in the Millaquin refinery opened in 1882 by the enterprising Cran family. During the 1880s the sugar industry experienced a significant boom globally. In 1888 the sugar industry went into steep recession. This period witnessed the transformation of the old plantation system with reliance now upon small farmers supplying cane to government funded co-operatives. In this economic turmoil the Bundaberg Distillery was formed in

November 1888 with Barton and Buss as major shareholders. In 1917 the Millaquin Distillery closed down and assets were transferred to the Bundaberg Distillery.

Queensland already possessed several distilleries in Beenleigh most notably the Ageston, Davy and Gooding. There had previously been a mobile distillery on the “Walrus� plying the Albert River from 1869.

In 1884 the Beenleigh Rum Distillery was formed. Just 15 years later its rum won a gold medal at the London International Fair.

Frederick Buss, who was also in partnership with Mackay planter, Sir John Ewen Davidson (1841-1923), was the largest employer in Bundaberg with some 700 employees. He served on the Municipal Council from 1891 to 1893 and declined an offer to enter parliament, valuing his local contribution. Buss was a generous man; he donated land for Buss Park where a statue of Bert Hinkler was unveiled. He gave substantial bequests to the Barnardo Homes and other charities. His nephew Garnet Leslie (1886-1973) was a director of the Bundaberg Foundry and a keen supporter of the life saving movement.

Patrick C M FitzGerald 1896 –1984

above left Pencil portrait, Paddy Fitzgerald, 1951 (Dr Marie Siganto) above right Paddy FitzGerald, 1976 (The Courier-Mail and Patricia FitzGerald)

eter Murphy (1853-1925) worked as a police constable and grocer before obtaining his spirit dealer’s license in 1879.

He became licensee of the Burgundy Hotel and in 1881 Transcontinental Hotel across the road from Roma Street Railway station.

In 1893 he was appointed as a director of Perkins and Company and took out shares in its rivals, Queensland Brewery and Castlemaine Brewery and Quinlan Gray and Company, Brisbane Ltd. Patrick Perkins (1838-1901) established the Toowoomba Brewery in 1869, moving its operation to Brisbane. In 1878 the company of Fitzgerald Quinlan and Company founded a brewery in Milton. Brothers Edward and Nicholas Fitzgerald joined forces with Mrs Quinlan and draper Frank McDonnell. Ten years later Perkins along with parliamentarians, Premier Sir Thomas McIlwraith (1835-1900) and Boyd Morehead (1843-1905) floated Perkins and Company, a hotel and brewing conglomerate. These companies later merged as Castlemaine Perkins in 1928.

Paddy FitzGerald came from a distinguished Old Catholic family. His father,

Charles Borromeo FitzGerald (1865-1907) served as Attorney General in the World’s First Labour Government in Queensland in 1899. His grandfather, Thomas Henry FitzGerald was a partner of Sir John Ewen Davidson in Mackay sugar plantations.

Despite this distinguished lineage, the early death of his father saw him at work for the central Queensland merchant, Walter Reid (1834-1911) at the age of 14. This gave him skills for his later career as an inspirational leader whose word was his bond.

During the depression FitzGerald founded a biscuit company, which folded three years later. He then went to work for Castlemaine Brewery as a travelling salesman. By 1942 he was appointed as sales manager and in 1951 joined the board. The 1970s witnessed an expansion of hotels in the state as the laws liberalised. FitzGerald’s warm relationship with hoteliers was part of the success of his company’s enterprise in a period of change.

In 1979 he became general manager, the year the company merged with rival Tooheys Ltd, from New South Wales and eight years later managing director.

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Sir James Cockle 1819 –1895

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above left Mr Justice Lutwyche (The Courier-Mail) above right Sir James Cockle, 1863 (The Courier-Mail)

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ondoner and Queen’s College, Oxford graduate, Alfred Lutwyche (1810-1880) was appointed a Supreme Court judge at Moreton Bay in February 1859. He was astounded at the executive blunders accompanying the new colony’s separation, with the new Legislative Assembly elections occurring under a superseded act. The dispute over his salary did not endear him to the new governor, Sir George Bowen who attempted to remove him from office.

In his early career Lutwyche was a friend and colleague of Charles Dickens, a relationship he long treasured.

In 1863 the legal impasse was avoided by the arrival of James Cockle. Educated like Lutwyche at Charterhouse, Cockle studied mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge after a year in the West Indies and the USA. In 1854 Cockle was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.

His research in algebra was widely admired.

Appointed as Chief Justice (CJ), he arrived in Brisbane in February 1863. He persuaded Lutwyche to stop his constant resort to discussing inappropriate matters in the newspapers.

That year he was also elected to the Queensland Philosophical Society, a distinguished addition to that small company of gentlemen. Cockle was already a member of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. Two years later he was elected to the Royal Society. He kept up his expertise in mathematics, with many papers on differential equations published. In his years as CJ for Queensland Cockle consolidated many colonial statutes especially in the area of mercantile and constitutional law.

He resigned in 1879 while on leave but maintained an interest in Queensland acting as the commissioner for the Queensland section of the Colonial and Indian Exhibition held in London in 1866.

Like other colonial societies where politics was unpaid until the 1890s and never a full time profession, many lawyers combined these two careers. Griffith and Lilley are well-known parliamentarian-judges. But they are by no means unique. A Griffith supporter, Sir Arthur Rutledge (1843-1917) stood for the northern seat of Kennedy in 1883. He was later a District Court judge from 1906 until his death.

Gerald Edward (Tony) Fitzgerald 1941–

above left Chief Judge Patsy Wolfe (Supreme Court of Queensland Library) above right Tony Fitzgerald, QC, and Premier Mike Ahern with the Fitzgerald Report (The Courier-Mail)

ony Fitzgerald, despite a long, distinguished and diverse career, will always have his name immediately associated with the Queensland Commission of Enquiry into Official Corruption from 1987 to 1988. Commonly known as the “Fitzgerald Enquiry”, this unprecedented commission saw an immense change in the political culture of Queensland and standards of parliamentary accountability. The name of the state’s longest serving premier, Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen was tarnished and several senior ministers were later charged and found guilty of various offences. The Police Commissioner, Terry Lewis was sentenced to a 14 year sentence for official corruption.

Though the coalition government was led by the impeccably honest Mike Ahern, it fell in 1989 to the new reinvigorated force of Labor under Wayne Goss.

Educated at the University of Queensland, Fitzgerald was admitted to the Queensland Bar in 1964 and was appointed as a Queen’s Counsel (QC) at a relatively young age. He was a member of the Australian Law Reform Commission from 1981-84, the years he served as president of the Australian

Administrative Appeals’ Tribunal and as a judge in the Federal Court of Australia.

He chaired the Queensland Commission to Enquire into Conservation Management and Use of Fraser Island and Great Sandy Region (1990-91). He maintained his commitment to conservation issues, serving as the Chairman of Australian Heritage Commission in the same years.

Fitzgerald was the inaugural chairman of the Litigation Reform Commission in Queensland (1991-92) and the inaugural President of the Queensland Court of Appeals (1991-98). From 1998 until 2001 he served as a judge at the of Appeal in New South Wales.

He has maintained a keen commitment to tertiary education as Chancellor of the Sunshine Coast University Council (199498) and as honorary professor at the Centre for Law, Ethics, Justice and Governance at Griffith University. His junior in the Commission of Enquiry, Patsy Wolfe, has been the Chief Judge of the Queensland District Court since 1999. She is on the Board of the Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance at Griffith University.

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Sir Augustus Charles Gregory 1819 –1905

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above left Explorer William Landsborough and his trackers, Jemmy and Fisherman (The Courier-Mail) above right Sir A C Gregory, Surveyor General, and officers of the Survey Department, 1864 (Queensland Museum)

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nlike many Englishmen in the colonies in the mid 19th century, Augustus Gregory was an experienced bushman, his family having arrived in the Swan River Colony at its inception in 1829. Apprenticed as a surveyor, he led expeditions at an early age. In this regard he was like William Landsborough (1825-86) who started exploring inland from Rockhampton and Bowen in the late 1850s. He was chosen to lead a party to find Burke and Wills.

Gregory was previously commissioned to locate Dr Ludwig Leichhardt, locating traces of the expedition. In 1859 he was appointed as the Commissioner for Crown Lands and Surveyor-General. In 1875 he became the official geological surveyor and some of his linesmen came from distinguished British families. Thomas Cockburn-Campbell (1845-92) was the son of a baronet, serving a year’s duties with Gregory and his brother, Frank Gregory.

There was often antagonism in the management of the huge administration of crown lands. Gregory clashed with surveyor George Elphinstone Dalrymple (1826-76) who then went into partnership with Premier

Robert Herbert in the Burdekin district.

Later bankrupt he was appointed assistant gold commissioner on the Gilbert in 1871.

Gregory, like Dalrymple, was networked into the lines of power in the colony, where patronage often triumphed over merit. His sympathies were always with the wealthy land speculators and graziers who pushed further and further into indigenous lands.

His task, as the colony’s most senior public servant, was difficult and demanding.

The frontier moved quickly requiring the administration of government land laws.

A memorandum of August 1867 virtually secured the rich Darling Downs for the “Pure Merinos” so admired by Governor George Bowen. Katie Fowler had been “given away” by Augustus Gregory to Walter Hume, the young government surveyor on the Darling Downs. Frank Gregory married Walter’s sister, Marion.

In 1882 Gregory was appointed to the Legislative Assembly and served as a Trustee of the Queensland Museum from 1876 to 1899. He was president of the Australian Association for the Advancement of Science in 1895.

Elizabeth (Betty) Churcher 1931–

above Betty Churcher at the National Art Gallery, 1995 (The Courier-Mail)

ueensland has produced a series of superb administrators of cultural institutions. Artist, illustrator, gallery owner and director of the Queensland Art Gallery, James Wieneke was born in Bundaberg in 1906. He was the illustrator for Bernard O’Reilly’s books, Green Mountain and Cullenbenbong (1949).

Betty Churcher (nee Elizabeth Cameron) was likewise a talented artist, curator and art gallery director. She was raised in the atmosphere where girls were given inferior educations to boys and her father thought that education “spoils a girl”. Nevertheless, she won a prestigious scholarship from the Royal Queensland Art Society and public funds raised by The Courier-Mail to the Royal College of Art in London in 1951. On her return to Brisbane in 1957, Churcher was described as one of the most talented young artist of her generation.

Churcher’s life was not to follow the path of the artist; rather she entered academia first lecturing at the Brisbane College of Advanced Education, Kelvin Grove and at the Queensland College of Art. She was the first Australian woman to undertake a

Master’s degree at the Courtauld Institute in London. She was the head of the School of Art and Design at Phillip Institute of Technology, before her appointment as the director of the Art Gallery of Western Australia. In 1990 Churcher became the Director of the National Gallery of Australia, instituting a public program to make the collections more accessible.

Her ability to communicate, alongside her vision and administrative competence, mark Churcher as an industry leader. Her books, Understanding Art (1974) and Molvig: The Lost Antipodean (1984) were scholarly and accessible. Her television series “Eye to Eye with Betty Churcher”, “Betty Churcher’s Take 5” and “Proud Possessors” have been highly successful.

Dr Dawn Casey, inaugural director of the National Museum of Australia (2001-05), had a very different career. From her upbringing in northern Queensland, she rose through the federal and Queensland state public services to her current position as director of the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney. She established the administrative framework of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation.

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Sir George Ferguson Bowen 1821–1899 and Sir Robert George Wyndham Herbert 1831–1905

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above left Sir Robert Herbert’s coat of arms (QSA) above centre Robert Herbert (top right) with the Oxford University rowing crew at Brisbane Regatta, 1863 (QSA) above right Portrait of Sir George Ferguson Bowen by Henry Fanner, 1882 (SLQ)

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ir George Bowen represented a dramatic change from the oldstyle military and naval governors of New South Wales like Lachlan Macquarie and Napoleonic War veteran, Sir Richard Bourke (1777-1855). Rather he was a professional administrator in keeping with the new status of a free colony. An Irishman, Bowen was educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Oxford where he read classics.

He abandoned earlier plans for a naval career in 1846. Instead he went to the Ionian Islands as political secretary to the governor.

Not only did he meet his future wife, Countessa Diamantina Candiano di Roma but also he learned valuable political lessons and strategies.

He held fellowships at Brasenose College, Oxford for 1851 to 1854. Through patronage of William Gladstone, Bowen was appointed as governor of the new colony of Queensland. As Queensland did not yet have a parliament Bowen was allowed far more freedom than occurred in either Victoria or New South Wales. Initially he acted with Robert Herbert to ensure good government.

Robert Herbert was a cousin of the Earl of Carnarvon who was of immense aid to his career. After studying at Eton, Herbert went to Balliol College Oxford, where he read classics. He was elected as fellow of All Souls College in 1854 whilst continuing his legal studies. He was called to the Bar in 1858, though he did not intend taking up his father’s old career.

Herbert undertook a somewhat surprising move in his career when he agreed to become the colonial secretary and private secretary to Governor Bowen. This was an interim until he was elected to the Legislative Assembly, which the Colonial Office intended to establish as soon as feasible in Queensland.

Herbert came with multiple disadvantages — he was seen as an effete aristocrat, a dabbler and a young scholar rather than the muscular men of action like pastoralists Sir Ewan Mackenzie or Henry Stuart Russell.

He defied his initial critics; for Herbert possessed the gift of able administration, efficiency and an engaging manner.

He won the seat of Leichhardt in the new elections in 1860.

Thomas Joseph Ryan 1876 –1921

above left Thomas Ryan (QSA) above right Graphics from Queensland State Government Cannery (Surveying Queensland 1839–1945 by Bill Kitson and Judith McKay, 2006)

J Ryan was Queensland’s most distinguished and innovative premier.

His father, Timothy Ryan was an illiterate Irish labourer in Victoria. Though he won a scholarship to St Francis Xavier College, he had to pay his way as a pupil-teacher, graduating from the University of Melbourne in 1897. He studied law graduating externally in 1899. Transferring to Maryborough, he taught classics at the Grammar School and the Rockhampton Grammar before admission to the Queensland Bar in 1901.

Ryan’s early cases involved workers’ compensation. He stood for parliament as a Deakinite Liberal initially in 1903 before joining the Labour Party in 1904. After failing to gain the state seat of Rockhampton in the 1907 elections, Ryan successfully won the seat of Barcoo in 1909, where he was well known through his law practice. He also owned the Rockhampton Daily Record.

In 1912 he showed a maturity of judgement in debates about the General Strike and was elected leader. Ryan realised the ALP had to be a broad church, so the votes of small farmers were sought. In May 1915 Labor was swept to power, with Ryan

taking on the premiership, chief secretary’s office and attorney general. Ryan set about protecting the farmers, introducing workers’ compensation legislation, state enterprises, the Public Curator’s Office and State Government Insurance Office despite concerted opposition from the conservative appointed upper house.

Though he supported the war effort, Ryan did not support conscription for overseas service. Queensland alone among the Labor parties did not split over this contentious issue. Queensland during the war years was characterised by intense ideological conflict, with the far Left represented by groups such as the Women’s Peace Army and the Industrial Workers of the World and conservatives by figures such as Sir Edward Macartney. Ryan was locked in deep battle over conscription and censorship with former Labor Prime Minster, William Morris Hughes.

Critics like Vere Gordon Childe criticised Ryan for being to slow to change society.

In 1920 he won the seat of West Sydney in the federal parliament. He died suddenly in 1921. His biographer, parliamentarian Denis Murphy died tragically aged 46 in 1984.

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The Archer Family 1813

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above left E and O de Satgé (QSA) above right The Archer household: Flaherty, William Archer, Alex Archer, Mrs A Archer and Miss O Connell (QSA)

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n the colonial era Queensland attracted many successful pastoralists such as the French aristocrat, Oscar de Satgé (18361906), Sir Joshua Peter Bell (1827-81), Arnold Wienholt (1826-95) and Edward Wienholt (1833-1904). The Archer family were the most enduring, arriving in Durundur in 1841 and now owning the magnificent Gracemere outside Rockhampton.

Nine of the 13 Archer children came to Australia, among them Charles (1813-62), John (1814-57), David (1816-1900), William (1819-96), Archibald (1820-1902), Thomas (1823-1905) and Colin (1823-1921). Their parents were timber merchants form Perth in Scotland who moved to Larvik in Norway in 1825. Their mother Julia Walker Archer’s family had already migrated to New South Wales in 1813 so that when David arrived in 1834 he had a ready network. The Walkers owned sheep runs in Lithgow, with interests in sugar in Tobago and investments in Newfoundland.

The initial experiment in sheep farming was difficult. Cultivated and well-educated people, they welcomed explorer and scientist, Dr Ludwig Leichhardt who spent

eight months at Durundur in 1843. That year Charles joined his brothers from his stint in Tobago. There had been fierce frontier wars between pastoralists and the indigenous peoples. The Archers avoided much conflict by their policy to ensure that the traditional owners were allowed rights. Their in-laws, the MacKenzies at Kilcoy were aggressive combative settlers.

Always adventurous, Thomas went to the Californian gold rush in 1849 though he returned with Archibald who had been farming in the Sandwich Islands. David went to London as the family financial broker leaving Charles and William to settle near Rockhampton at “Farris” which they renamed “Gracemere”. James Archer who arrived in 1855 settled at Peak Downs.

Archibald first entered parliament in 1867, becoming Colonial Treasurer in 1882-83, whilst Alexander worked for the Bank of New South Wales.

In the 1870s they moved to cattle production. In 1933 veterinary geneticist, Ralph Kelley (1890-1970) introduced tickresistant Zebu cattle, more suited to the Queensland climate .

Donald Lovat Fraser 1875 –1962

above View of Clermont, Central Queensland, 1870 (QSA)

he Queensland mining industry has always attracted people with a great sense of adventure. Donald Fraser was born in the poor district of St Giles in London, arriving with his parents in 1878. His father, William, a tanner by trade, opened up a fellmongering business in Rockhampton and later decided to speculate in mining. He instilled a love of the industry into his son Donald who went to the Yukon gold rush in 1898. The reality was somewhat different for those hardy prospectors as they trekked though rugged snowy country. Fraser, thinking he was about to strike it rich, asked his father to loan him ÂŁ500, a huge sum. All was lost when a claim-jumper stumped his good fortune.

Returning to Rockhampton, Fraser went prospecting in the central Queensland districts, which had been described several decades before by Robert Logan Jack and William Etheridge. There had been some exploration of the region in the 1890s but the depression quelled investments. In 1911 Fraser applied for leases in Blackwater. With stretched resources his Mammoth Mine folded despite early promise.

Fraser enlisted for the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in late 1914, serving in Gallipoli until he was evacuated in late 1915. He was later appointed an intelligence officer and claimed to have seen Baron von Richthofen shot down by Allied forces in April 1918.

After the Armistice Fraser studied cement manufacturing in England before returning to Rockhampton to resume his Mammoth lease in 1921. The following year he opened up Rangal Mine at Blackwater, which produced 110,000 tons of coal by 1934. That same year fellow resident of Rockhampton, William Thompson (1863-1953), as a Nationalist Senator for Queensland, unsuccessfully tried to get the federal government to assist with the development of the Great Bowen Basin coal fields. He later chaired the Central Queensland Coal Board.

In 1934 brothers Donald and Harold floated the Crocodile Creek Dredging Company.

Ernest Evans (1989-1965), member for Mirani, and former minister for Main Roads in oversaw legalisation to open up bauxite with Comalco and Japanese investment in Moura coal deposits.

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Ronald Hamlyn–Harris 1874 –1953

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above left Ronald Hamlyn-Harris played a pivotal role in the development of the Queensland Museum (Queensland Museum) above right Secession medals (Queensland Museum)

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he Queensland Museum (QM) has played a vital role in scientific research and conservation. Originally formed through the Queensland Philosophical Society in 1862 its members met in the Old Convict Windmill on Wickham Terrace. Six years later it moved premises to the Parliamentary Library in a building that had once housed the police court, joining with the Supreme Court Library. In 1873 the QM moved into another convict building, this time where the GPO now stands. It was not until 1879 that the institution enjoyed its own promises when it moved to a handsome new building in William Street. Staying there for two decades the QM moved to the Centennial Building in Gregory Terrace until 1985.

The QM was fortunate with its selection of Trustees including Dr Joseph Bancroft, Dr Kevin O’Doherty, Sir Augustus Gregory, John Douglas and Charles Buzacott. In 1910 with the appointment of Ronald Hamlyn-Harris, the QM was one the road to its maturity.

He was born in Eastbourne into a landed family and went to Eberhard Karl University in Germany and studied apiary in Naples.

On his appointment to the QM in 1910,

he moved swiftly to modernise its displays, collections and publications. The exhibition of Governor Sir William Macgregor’s artifacts from New Guinea won admiration.

In one regard Hamlyn-Harris was a throwback to the earlier century. He lectured biology at the University of Queensland and wrote on anthropology.

In 1917 he decided to resign from the QM, preferring to grow fruit at Stanthorpe.

He did not pursue this for long before he undertook the directorship of the Australian Hookworm Campaign laboratory in Brisbane in 1922. In 1925 Hamlyn-Harris was appointed as the inaugural City entomologist for the Great Brisbane City Council in a campaign to eradicate mosquitoes. In 1936 he went to the University of Queensland as a lecturer in zoology.

Welsh-born Gwladys James KcKeon (1897-1979) was placed in charge of the Tick Biology Station in Burleigh in 1921. Moving to Nambour she worked on the Australian Hookworm Campaign as a microscopist. Her book, Life on the Australian Seashore (1966) was one of the first popular science books.

Frank Bulcock 1892–1973 and Sir William Alan Thompson Summerville 1904 –1980

above left Cyril White with Henry Tyron at Lamington National Park (Environmental Agency Queensland) above right Summerville’s work on insects in the tropical fruit industry earned him his doctorate in 1944 (QSA)

griculture has always formed a mainstay of the Queensland economy.

Johannes Brunnich (1861-1933) was born in Gorz in Austria and educated in Zurich. He migrated to Brisbane in 1885 working first in the sugar industry before his appointment as an agricultural chemist in the department of Agriculture. Brunnich was one of the first lecturers at the new Gatton Agricultural College established in 1897. His work on soils, water pollution and fodder crops was particularly influential. Though naturalised in 1891, he suffered suspicion as an alien–born public servant in World War I. In 1918 he began studying wheat quality, followed by studies of stock foods, fertilisers and margarine. His textbook, Elementary Lessons on the Chemistry of Farm, Dairy, and Household (1912 and 1922) was userfriendly for farmers.

Ipswich-born William Summerville studied at the University of Queensland before his appointment to the Department of Agriculture under entomologist Henry Tyron. His work on insects in the tropical fruit industry earned him his doctorate in 1944. That year he was placed in charge of the government’s plant

industry, which encompassed research in horticulture and pasture development.

In 1957 he became the president of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Sciences and two years later he was appointed as director general of the department of Agriculture and Stock.

Summerville served as Agent General in London from 1964 to 1970 and later chaired the Queensland Sugar Board.

Veterinary and agricultural scientist, Frank Bulcock (1892-1973) won the seat of Barcoo for the ALP in 1919, serving as minister for Agriculture and Stock.

He established the Chair of Veterinary Science at the University of Queensland and the Tropical Research station in north Queensland as well as the Milk Board. In 1942 he was appointed as the Commonwealth director-general of agriculture.

Welsh-born John Griffiths Davies (19041969) did break-through research in the CSIRO in 1938 on native pastures and superphosphates. He continued this work and under his leadership Queensland became internationally recognised.

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Francis Gailey 1882 –1972, Kieren John Perkins 1973 – and Grant Hackett 1980 –

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above left Keiren Perkins, the first Australian swimmer to win Olympic, World and Commonwealth titles in one year (The Courier-Mail) above right Grant Hackett, the most decorated Australian swimmer in FINA history, won his first world title aged 17 (The Courier-Mail)

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rancis Gailey was educated at Brisbane Grammar School. He competed in the St Louis Olympics in 1904 where he won four medals. He took out the world record for the 440 yards freestyle in Chicago in 1904.

He is Australia’s most prolific male medal winner in swimming in one Olympics. There was some confusion about his nationality later when he became an American citizen.

Frank Springfield from Mooloolah was the second Queenslander to represent Australia in the Olympics in 1908.

Kieren Perkins’ first successful large meet came in 1990 when he won sliver at the Commonwealth Games in Auckland in the 1500m. The following year he gained another silver medal in the World Championships in Perth. More importantly Perkins broke his first world record at the Pan Pac meet.

At the Barcelona 1992 Olympics he broke his own world record in the 400m, taking out the silver medal. He won gold in the 1500 m in a record time of 14 minutes 43.48 seconds. Perkins carried the Australian flag at the closing ceremony and was appointed as Young Australian of the Year. At the 1994 Commonwealth Games at Victoria,

Canada Perkins set a world record for the 800m and the 1500m. A fortnight later he won at the World Championships in Rome in the 400m and the 1500m.

At the 1996 Atlanta Olympics he again won the 1500m. Perkins was the first swimmer to hold the Olympic, World and Commonwealth titles in one year.

Grant Hackett was a surfer and life saver from the Gold Coast who is the most decorated Australian in the FINA World Championships history, obtaining his first world title at only 17. In the 1998 World Titles in Perth he ran second to Ian Thorpe and swam well at the Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games that year.

In 1999 he won the 200m final at the Australian Championships. He won gold at the Sydney Olympics, beating Perkins and again in Athens in 2004. He gained a silver medal at the Beijing Olympics in 2008.

Other notable Queensland swimmers include Duncan Armstrong, Steve Holland and Glen Houseman.

Gregory (Greg) John Norman 1955 –

above left Karrie Webb, the youngest winner of the Women’s British Open (The Courier-Mail) above right Greg Norman, the highest ranked golfer in the world in the 1980s, was encouraged to take up the sport by his mother, Toini, a golfer herself distinguished by a single-figure handicap (The Courier-Mail)

he ancient Dutch and Scottish game began its modern form in 1764, with the use of nine holes. The introduction of steel shafts in the 1890s and the standard golf ball in the 1930s saw the game take on its formation today. Norman Von Nida (1914-2007) was one of the first Australian champions, winning the Queensland Amateurs in 1935 and the Australian Professional Golf Association (PGA) Championship, New South Wales Open, News Chronicle Tournament in Britain all in 1946. Two years later he won the British Masters. The Von Nida Tour is named in his honour.

Born in Mt Isa, Greg Norman was encouraged by his mother, Toini, a golfer with a single handicap. He was coached

by Charlie Earp at the Royal Queensland Golf Club where he worked in the pro shop. Turning professional in 1974, he won the Australian Open in 1980, the Australian Masters the following year and the Stefan Queensland Open, National Panasonic New South Wales Open and the Australian Masters all in 1983. Known as the “Shark”, he was the world’s highest

ranked golfer in the 1980s and 1990s with a string of wins in the Martini International, the Paco Rabanne Open de France, the Scandinavian Enterprise Open, the Lancia Italian Open and the Johnnie Walker Classic, the Crowns (Japan Gold Tours) and the Sumitomo VISA Taiheiyo Masters. He won The Open Championship in 1986 and 1993. In 1986 and 1993 he was awarded the prestigious BBC Sports Personality of the Year Overseas Personality Award. Only Mohammad Ali, Roger Federer and Bjorn Borg have rivalled this accomplishment.

Karrie Anne Webb (1974-) was born in Ayr and turned professional in 1994. The youngest winner of the Weetbix Women’s British Open, she was named European Rookie of the Year in 1995. Her major wins include the Ladies Professional Golf Association Tour Money Winner (1996, 1999, 2000), the Vare Trophy (1997,1999, 2000), Kraft Nabisco (2000, 2006) and the US Women’s Open (2000, 2001).

Other notable Queensland professionals include Ian Baker-Finch(1960-) and Wayne Grady (1957-) who won the PGA Championship in 1990.

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Herbert John Louis Hinkler 1892 –1933 and Sir Charles Edward Kingsford Smith 1897–1935

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above left Charles Kingsford Smith and Charles Ulm after landing the ‘Southern Cross’ at Eagle Farm, Brisbane, 9 June 1928 (QSA) above right Bert Hinkler’s Avro Avian welcomed by crowds in Brisbane, 1928 (QSA)

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viation took off in World War I as a new means of combat transport.

Bundaberg-born Hinkler joined the Queensland Aero Club in 1910 and constructed two gliders in 1911-12.

In 1913 he worked at the English Sopwith aircraft factory, enlisting the following year in the Royal Naval Aerial Service. Hinkler also invented a dual-control system.

In 1921 Hinkler returned home briefly, making his way back to England where he was the chief test pilot for Avro. He was included in the Grosvenor Challenge Cup in 1924 and the British Schneider Trophy team in 1925.

Three years later Hinkler made the first solo flight to Australia from England in just 15 days. This momentous flight made him an international hero. In 1931 Hinkler flew from Canada to England via Guiana and Brazil.

Hinkler crashed in northern Italy in his Puss Moth in January 1933 on a trip to Australia.

Brisbane-born Kingsford Smith saw action in the AIF, winning the Military Cross for conspicuous gallantry in 1916. After demobilisation he worked as a stunt flier in an aerial circus in the USA before returning

to Australia in 1921. With Keith Anderson he established a trucking business to pay for their two Bristol Tourers. They later joined with Charles Ulm to form the Interstate Flying Transport Company.

In 1927 Kingsford Smith and Ulm circumnavigated the continent in 10 days.

They later flew Southern Cross from California to Brisbane on 31 May 1928.

In 1930 Kingsford Smith established Australian National Airways as well as flew across the Atlantic. The Depression deeply affected the company’s viability and he was back stunt-flying. In 1933 he flew solo from England to Western Australia. He was lost on a night flight to Australia near Burma in November 1935. His image now appears on the $20 note.

Maude Rose (Lores) Bonney (1897-1994) began flying in 1931 and was the first pilot to fly from South Africa to Brisbane. In 1938 she flew from Archerfield Aerodrome in her DH 60 Gypsy Moth solo to London, a far more impressive feat than Amelia Earhart’s trip across the Atlantic.

Sir Robert Philp 1851–1922 and Sir James Burns 1846 –1923

above left A Brisbane football team 1870, with Robert Philp standing second left and Andrew Thynne standing centre (QSA) above right The Bowen branch of Burns Philp, formerly the Federal Hotel, on the corner of Herbert and Williams Streets (SLQ)

hese two Scotsmen were the most successful shipping entrepreneurs in Queensland, establishing a network of vessels plying the South Pacific alongside insurance, retail and banking investments.

Other notable Australians such as LJ Hooker (1903-1976) first gained experience with this company.

Both arrived in Brisbane as children in 1862. Burns established a drapery business in 1866, followed by a stint on the Gympie goldfields. After travelling overseas for several years he became a Townsville supplier to the northern mining settlements.

In 1873 he chartered his first vessel, which became the nucleus of the later business.

In 1881 he joined forces with the British India Steam Navigation Company to gain commercial advantage for his Queensland Steam Shipping Company.

In 1887 he and Philp formed the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company. An aggressive operator, Burns moved into the shipping industry in the Gulf of Carpentaria at Normanton, which was the port for the Croydon goldfields.

He also set up stores in Thursday Island and in the bech-de-mer industry as well as

labour vessels in the Pacific Island labour trade. The captain of the Hopeful was found guilty of kidnapping in 1885, causing a huge scandal in the colonies and in the UK. Burns Philp vessels were involved in the forcible deportation of Melanesians from Queensland in 1906 and 1907.

Robert Philp left school at 12 to begin work at Bright Brothers Shipping Company in Brisbane before joining forces with Burns in 1874. Philp took over the day-to-day management of Burns Philp in Townsville.

From 1879 the company moved into the timber trade on the Atherton Tableland, providing much of the capital for the timber mills. Philp also went into real estate development in Townsville. In 1883 Burns Philp was incorporated in Sydney. The Bank of North Queensland and the North Queensland Insurance Company were important developments.

In 1886 Philp entered parliament as the member for Mulgrave, becoming premier in 1899.

He helped form the Agricultural Bank, established in 1901. He became a generous benefactor to the new University of Queensland, with largesse for scholarships.

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Pamela Lyndon Travers 1899 –1996

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above left Statue of Mary Poppins, star of the eponymous best-selling novel Travers wrote after migrating to England (Maryborough City Council) above right Pamela Travers’s childhood home in Herbert Street, Allora, Queensland (The Courier-Mail)

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ather like the flamboyant fabric designer, Florence Broadhurst, born in Mt. Perry in 1899, Pamela Travers (nee Helen Lyndon Gough), was reluctant to ever admit she was born in colonial Queensland.

Travers was born in Maryborough where her father, Travers Gough was a bank manager.

He committed suicide when she was seven, an event that haunted her later life. Her early ambitions as a writer were realised when she published poems in the Bulletin while she was still a teenager. Travers toured as a dancer. Here again her life mirrors that of Broadhurst though the latter danced her way to fame in racy Shanghai not provincial New Zealand. Moving to Sydney Travers moved in bohemian circles writing intensely erotic poetry.

In 1924 Travers moved to London permanently. She returned to Australia only once. Her ambitions prospered in London where she met and befriended WB Yeats. She was also interested in mysticism, becoming a disciple of Gurdjieff.

In 1934 she published her best seller, Mary Poppins, a story of a magical nanny who transforms the life of the neglected children,

Jane and Michael Banks residents of 17 Cherry Lane, Chelsea. TS Eliot was an early fan. Five further adventures followed, the last in 1988. The film version starring Julie Andrews and Dick van Dyke in 1964 did not win Travers’s approval with the softened version of Poppins. A magnificent statue of Mary Poppins adorns her birthplace in Maryborough.

Michael Noonan (1921-2000) gained international fame with McKenzie’s Boots.

His novel set in the 1930s and early 1940s, December Boys (1963) a story of four boys from a Catholic orphanage, was made into a film starring Daniel Radcliffe in 2007.

A man of wide experience who entered a monastery and also served in the Second AIF in New Guinea, Noonan wrote a popular series on the Flying Doctor as well as a biography of EJ Banfield.

Queensland has produced other notable writers for younger readers including Charles Barrett, Tom Hepworth, Kay Glasson Taylor, Moore Raymond, Jill Norris and Jenny Wagner, James Moloney, Gary Crew, Ruth Marley, Venero Armanno, Philip Neilson, Dick Roughsey and Richard Porteous.

Arthur Hoey Davis (Steele Rudd) 1869–1935

above left Arthur Davis aka Steele Rudd (QSA) above right Steele Rudd Dramatic Company, Toowoomba, 1915. Rudd, sporting his moustache, is seated in the centre of the front row (QSA)

rthur Davis (“Steele Rudd”), born in Drayton to Welsh and Irish parents, left school at 12 beginning work as a jackaroo. He was later employed as a sheriff in the Queensland Supreme Court.

He began writing for the Brisbane Chronicle and the Bulletin. His stories of the lives of small selectors, taken directly from his own experiences, came out as On Our Selection in 1899, followed by Our New Selection in 1903.

Following retrenchment Davis established the Steele Rudd Magazine (1903 to 1907).

He published aspiring young authors like Bundaberg-born Vance Palmer (18851959), a later compatriot of Ezra Pound and Wyndham Lewis. His historical account, The Legend of the Nineties (1954) became a classic.

Davis leased the rights to his selection stories to actor/manager, Bert Bailey in 1909. They were a great success in 1912 in Sydney. Raymond Longford’s 1922 film garnered much appreciation. The film version in the 1930s starring Bailey and a young Peter Finch were far too farcical without the realistic edge of the stories. Davis revived

the Steele Rudd Annual from 1917 to 1923.

In desperation as his finances plummeted he published the incongruously titled Steele Rudd’s and the Shop Assistants Magazine in 1926-27.

Helena Sumner Locke (1881-1917) was born in Sandgate, a clergyman’s daughter.

In 1911 she published a series entitled Mum Dawson, “Boss”, stories reminiscent of Steele Rudd’s stories but told from the perspective of a strong willed woman selector. Bert Bailey was attracted to this character as well producing the stage version in Sydney in 1917. She continued in this vein with The Dawson’s Uncle George (1912) and Skeeter Farm Takes a Spell (1915).

Lionel Lindsay worked as the illustrator.

Rockhampton-born writer Lala Fisher (1872-1929) wrote for radical newspapers such as the New Eagle and was published in Steele Rudd’s Magazine in 1906.

Alexander Vennard (“Frank Reid”) (1884-1947) was born in Winton and was a journalist with regional Queensland newspapers. His “On the Track” column for the North Queensland Register followed in Davis’s footsteps.

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Index A

Abbott, Sir Albert ................................................110 Abel-Smith, Governor Sir Henry......................76 Adams, Francis ....................................................171 Adamson, John ......................................................38 Addison, GHM ............................................... 35, 36 Adermann, Sir Charles Frederick ................. 133 Ahern, Mike ................................................ 103, 121 AIF .............................................................................. 14 Algeranoff, Harcourt ............................................62 Allen, Davida ...........................................................43 Alpin, William........................................................110 Amarno, Vennero ................................................174 Anderson, Harrry Ross .................................... 100 Anderson, Jessica ..............................................174 Anderson, John Cyril......................................... 164 Anderson, Keith .................................................. 162 Anderson, Malcolm “Mal” ............................... 152 Anu, Christine ........................................................65 ANZ............................................................................ 17 Archer, Charles, John, David, William, Archibald, Thomas, Colin, Julia Walker.......124 Arida, Richard ........................................................82 Armanno, Vanero.................................................176 Armstrong, Charles ..............................................95 Armstrong, Duncan ........................................... 148 Ashton, Julian ................................................. 39, 58 Astly, Thea .........................................170, 174, 177 Atkin, Baron, James Richard .............................97 Atkinson, Sallyanne ..............................................72 Aubry, Pruche...................................................... 126 Axon, Sir Albert Edwin ........................................88

B

Bacon, Philip ..........................................................43 Bage, Freda ............................................................71 Bailey, Bert ............................................................173 Bailey, FM, JF.......................................................... 74 Baird, Arthur ........................................................ 163 Baker-Finch, Ian.................................................. 153 Ballard, Robert.................................................... 158 Bancroft, Dr Joseph ............................7, 138, 146 Banfield, Bertha, Edmund James, Jabez.......70 Banfield, Mona .................................................... 120 Bangarra Dance Theatre ....................................62 Bank of Queensland .......................................... 91 Barnard, George, Maria Trafalga, Harry Grensill, Charles Ashmall, Wilfred..................69 Barret, Charles ....................................................176 Barron, Sir Kenneth............................................142 Bartlett, Craig ...........................................................7 Barton, AP ...............................................................80 Barton, Edmund ..................................................170 Barton, Sir Charles Newton ........................... 165 Bates, Daisy ............................................... 105, 172 Baulderstone.........................................................28 Baylebridge, William..........................................178 Baynes, Harry.........................................................83 Beatson, Artie ..................................................... 154 Beaurepaire, Frank ............................................... 51 Becke, Lewis (Louis) .........................................170 Bedford, Mary ........................................................45 Bee Gees, The.......................................................65 Behan, Sir Harold Garfield ..............................110 Behrens, Peter .......................................................25 Beirne, Eileen .......................................................127 Beirne, Thomas Charles .....................................82 Bell, Dr Peter ..........................................................71 Bell, Sir Joshua Peter ............................. 124, 158 Bellear, Lisa ..........................................................178

180

Bennett, Gordon ...................................................43 Bennett, Mary Montgomery............................ 125 Berghof, Clive ........................................................49 Bernborough ..........................................................64 Berry, Dame Alice Miriam, Henry ....................15 Betts, Joe ................................................................. 51 Bick, Una .................................................................98 Birmingham, John .................................................46 Birth, Ric ..................................................................66 Bjelke-Petersen, Lady .......................................121 Bjelke-Petersen, Sir Johannes ............................. .................................63, 71, 77, 88, 103, 112, 121 Blacklock, Walter............................................... 149 Blackman, Barbara ..................................... 77, 177 Blair, Harold ............................................................57 Blair, Sir James William ......................................99 Blamey, Thomas ....................................................13 Bligh, Arthur............................................................27 Boag, William .........................................................37 Bolton, William.................................................... 164 Bond, Alan...............................................................63 Bonner, Neville.................................................... 120 Bonney, Maude Rose “Lores” ....................... 162 Boote, Henry ........................................................116 Borovansky, Edouard ..........................................62 Bourke, Robert O’Hara.................................... 128 Bourne, Eleanor.....................................................15 Bourne, George ....................................................26 Bournoville, August ..............................................62 Bovis Lend Lease ................................................33 Bowen, Governor Sir George Ferguson........... ........................................18, 20, 94, 104, 114, 158 Bowen, Lady .............................................. 128, 158 Boyd, Adam ............................................................10 Boyd, Arthur............................................................77 Boyd, Denise ........................................................151 Boyer, Sir Richard James Fildes ...................... 14 Bracanin, Philip......................................................65 Bradfield, Dr John Job Crew ........ 23, 108, 109 Bradman, Don ........................................................42 Brady, Alan ..............................................................23 Bray, Sir Theodor Charles .............................. 169 Brennan, Father Frank Tennison ................... 102 Brennan, Sir Gerard.................................101, 102 Brett, Bert, Horatio...............................................85 Brett, James Fairlie ...............................................85 Brigdon, James Bristock ..................................112 Briggs, Ernest ......................................................178 Brink, Andre ............................................................77 Brinsmead, Horace ........................................... 160 Broadbent, Kendall ...................................... 34, 74 Broadhurst, Florence...........................................38 Brooks, AE ..............................................................22 Brown, Billie............................................................61 Brown, William “Bill”......................................... 150 Bruce, Stanley........................................................39 Brumby, Colin.........................................................65 Brunnich, Johannes........................................... 143 Bryan, Sydney ........................................................63 Bryce, Quentin.......................................... 122, 123 Brydon, Marianne .................................................47 Buckland, Sir Thomas ...................................... 129 Buderim Ginger Limited .................................136 Buhot, John ................................................ 126, 137 Bulcock, Dr Alan ...................................... 133, 137 Bulcock, Frank .................................................... 143 Bullen, Lillian Ethel, Percy..................................58 Burns, Sir James ................................................ 159 Bush Brothers ........................................................53 Buss, Frederick William......................................80 Bustard, William .................................................... 41 Buzacott, Charles Hardie ..................... 138, 169 BVN Architecture.................................................32 Byrnes, TJ ................................................................99

C

Cadell, Elizabeth, James.....................................47 Cahill, Commissioner .............................................8

Cahill, Elizabeth, James ......................................47 Cairns, Dr Jim ...................................................... 122 Caldwell, Margaret ....................................... 42, 81 Cameron, John .................................................... 130 Campbell, Alan ................................................... 163 Campbell, Julie .........................................................7 Carey, Peter ..........................................................177 Carroll, Daniel, Edward .......................................60 Case, Jim ................................................................. 41 Casey, Baron ....................................................... 122 Casey, Dr Dawn...................................................113 Casey, Richard Gavin Gardiner .......................13 Cassar-Daley, Troy ...............................................65 Caton, Michael.......................................................61 Cavill, Fredda, James Freeman ......................161 Chalk, Gordon ...........................................121, 164 Chandler, Charles Beals ....................................72 Chandler, John Beals...........................................63 Channel Seven .....................................................68 Chauvel, Charles............. 46, 59, 60, 61, 73, 75 Chauvel, Elsa, James, Sir Henry, Susan .......59 Childe, Gordon ............................................ 52, 117 Christenson, Clement Byrne ..........................177 Christison, Robert, Alexander ....................... 125 Chubb, Charles Edward.....................................98 Churcher, Elizabeth “Betty” ............................113 Chuter, Charles Edward .................................. 108 Cilento, Diane................................................. 50, 61 Cilento, Phyllis .................................................... 145 Cilento, Sir Raphael ................................ 108, 145 Clark, Colin ...........................................................112 Clousten, Brian ....................................................177 Coaldrake, Frank William ...................................53 Cochrane, Samuel Fogo ....................................79 Cockburn-Campbell, Thomas ....................... 104 Cockle, Sir James .................................................94 Colishaw, James....................................................21 Collins, Harold .......................................................62 Collinson, Laurence ...........................................177 Commonwealth Games ......................................66 Conrad Treasury Brisbane .............................. 67 Cook, HM ................................................................22 Cooper, Dr Lilian ................................................ 144 Cooper, Frank ......................................................119 Cooper, Lilian .........................................................45 Cooper, Sir Pope Alexander .............................98 Coote, William .......................................... 158, 171 Cornish, Eunice, Hugh, Kestrell .....................63 Corones, Haralambos “Harry” ...................... 163 Corwell, Edward....................................................88 Cotton, John ...........................................................34 Coungeau, Emily .................................................178 Coward, Noel ................................................. 59, 62 Cowen, Sir Zelman............................................ 122 Cowley, Sir Alfred .................................................79 Coxen, Charles ......................................................20 Craven, Richard.....................................................64 Crawford, Dr Harold ......................................... 139 Crew, Gary ............................................................176 Cribb, Joan ........................................................... 133 Cribb, Robert, Thomas Bridson.......................46 Crombie, James, William................................. 130 Crooke, Ray ............................................................43 Crosby, Vince ...................................................... 137 Cross, Zora ...........................................................178 Cumpston, John ................................................. 146 Curry-Kenny, Lisa........................................66, 155

D

Dahl, Louis............................................................ 149 Daintree, Richard ............................................... 105 Dalley-Scarlett, Robert .......................................57 Dalrymple, George Elphinstone ......... 104, 137 Darcy de Knayth, Lord.........................................10 D’Arcy, Wiilliam Knox ...........................................10 Darrell, Peter...........................................................62 Dart, Raymond .................................................... 144 Darwin, Charles.....................................................69

Davidson, Sir John Ewen ...................80, 87, 126 Davidson, William .................................................20 Davies, John Griffiths........................................ 143 Davis Jr, Sammy.....................................................42 Davis, Arthur Hoey.....................15, 97, 173, 175 Daws, Lawrence....................................................43 Dawson, Anderson ...................................116, 127 Deakin, Alfred.......................................................116 Deakin, Arthur, Evans ..........................................86 Deane, John Horace ......................................... 129 Denman, Premier Digby.........................................8 Devanny, Jean.......................................................174 Devereaux, Alan.....................................................22 D’Hage, Ludwig.....................................................57 Dickson, Sir James ....................................... 18, 85 Diggles, Silvester ..................................................69 Diper, James ..............................................................6 Dods, Robert (Robin) Smith ............. 22, 38, 83 Doherty, Peter ...........................................................7 Douglas, John.............................................115, 138 Douglas, Robert Johnstone...............................98 Doyle, Sister Mary Angela .................................45 Draper, Alexander ...............................................110 Dugig, John ............................................................. 12 Duhig, JV ................................................................177 Duhig, Sir James ................................................... 12 Dunn, Andrew, William Herbert .................... 169 Dunne, Archbishop .............................................. 12 Dupree, Charles ....................................................24 Durietz, Hugo .........................................................35 Duthie, Robert..................................................... 137

E

Eales, John ........................................................... 156 Earles, Nick ...........................................................174 East, Herbert ..........................................................82 Easton, Pearson, Pamela ...................................42 Edwards, Eddie .....................................................60 Edwards, Sir Llew ..................................46, 66, 97 Elemetri, Ibrahim ...................................................71 Ella, Mark .............................................................. 156 Elliot, Madge...........................................................62 Elphinstone, Augustus ........................................83 Emerson, Roy George...................................... 152 Endean, Dr Robert................................................71 ENERGEX ...............................................................89 Etheridge, Robert .................................... 106, 144 Etheridge, William ..............................................131 Evans, Charles, Daniel Edward........................86 Evans, Ernest........................................................131 Evans, George Essex ..............................172, 175 Evans, Raymond ............................................ 46, 97 Eyre, Hal ................................................................... 41

F

Fagan, David ........................................................ 169 Fairlie, James ..........................................................85 Farvenc, Ernest....................................................157 Fatnowna, Harry ................................................. 126 Feez, Adolph HHM ...............................................95 Feez, Arthur HHM .......................................95, 156 Fewings, Eliza ........................................................50 Fields, Gracie .........................................................61 Finch, Peter ...........................................................173 Finney, Thomas ......................................................82 Fisher, Andrew ........................................... 116, 119 Fisher, Lala ............................................................173 Fisher, Sir George Read.................................. 132 FitzGerald, Charles Borromeo, Patrick CM ..............................................................87 Fitzgerald, Edward, Nicholas ............................87 Fitzgerald, Gerald Edward (Tony) ................ 103 FitzGerald, Thomas .................................... 87, 126 Fleay, David Howells ............................................76 Flintoff-King, Debbie ..........................................151 Flynn, Dr John.......................................................142 Foley, Fiona .............................................................77 Fooks, HW ..............................................................24

Foots, Sir James ...............................................132 Forbes, Sir Douglas ........................................165 Forde, Francis ...................................................123 Forde, Helena ...................................................... 34 Forde, Mary Marguerite “Leneen” ..............123 Forrest, Mabel ..................................................... 38 Foxton, Justin ........................................................37 Foy, Mark ................................................................27 Fraire, Chiaffredo .............................................126 Franklin, Professor Craig................................. 78 Fraser, Charlie, Ross ......................................164 Fraser, Donald Lovat, William ...................... 131 Frazer, Eliza .......................................................... 77 Frazer, Ian................................................................. 7 Freeleagus, Christy .........................................163 Freeman, Catherine “Cathy” Astrid ........... 151 Fristrom, Carl Magnus Oscar, Claus........... 35 Fysh, Sir Wilmot Hudson ...........141, 142, 163

G

Gailey, Francis...................................................148 Gailey, Richard.....................................................21 Gall, Ian...................................................................41 Galway, Neil ......................................................... 88 Garnet, Leslie ...................................................... 80 Ghepara, Charles Diper ..................................... 6 Gibb, Barry, Maurice and Robin ................... 65 Gibbs, Sir Harry Talbot .................................. 101 Gibson, Angus .................................................... 80 Gibson, Bessie ................................................... 36 Gibson, Robin .............................................. 21, 46 Gilbert, Edward “Eddie” ................................150 Gilliam, Gwen.......................................................42 Gilmour, Florence ............................................ 121 Gladstone, William ...........................................114 Go-Betweens, The ............................................ 65 Goldsmith, Herbert ........................................... 79 Goobalathdin ..................................................... 43 Good, Professor Michael ..............................146 Gordon, Harry ...................................................169 Gordon-Canning, Captain Robert ................61 Gore, Governor Sir Henry, Lady Wilson .... 38 Goss, Wayne......................................6, 103, 121 Gough, Travers ................................................. 176 Gould, Elizabeth ................................................. 20 Gould, Louis de .................................................. 35 Gow, Alexander, Mary, Robert, Grace Wise, Inglis Learoyd .............................81 Grady, Wayne ...................................................153 Grano, Paul ........................................................ 177 Grant, Gwendolyn ............................................. 43 Gregory, Frank ..................................................104 Gregory, Sir Augustus ................. 20, 104, 138 Griffith University ..............................................16 Griffith, Sir Samuel .................................................. ............... 9, 36, 46, 84, 97, 101, 128, 130, 157 Griffith, Edward ..................................................... 9 Griffith, Mary....................................................9, 50 Griffiths, Alfred Atherton, George Herbert, George Washington ....................... 79 Groom, Arthur ..................................................... 73 Groom, Jessie, Sir Littleton ............................ 50 Groom, William.................................................169 Grout, Wally .......................................................150 Guerassimoff, Jules.........................................156

H

Hackett, Grant ..................................................148 Haley, Martin...................................................... 178 Hall, Eliza .............................................................. 49 Hall, Francis Richard ........................................ 22 Hall, Rodney ...................................................... 174 Hall, Walter .......................................................... 49 Hamlyn-Harris, Ronald ...................................138 Hanlon, Edward Michael “Ned” .......................... ............................................................ 108, 119, 145 Hann, Frank, William.......................................105 Harker, Hall, Constance Elizabeth ............... 50

Harper, Colin ..........................................................63 Hart, Effie, FHS .....................................................83 Hart, Graham..........................................................96 Harvey, Graham.....................................................42 Harvey, Lewis .........................................................38 Harwood, Gwen ..................................................178 Hawke, Bob ..................................................54, 122 Hay, John................................................................175 Hayden, William “Bill” ...................................... 122 Haydon, Matthew ............................................... 150 Hayes, Bishop Romuald .....................................79 Haythorne, Harry ...................................................62 Heagney, Muriel, Patrick.................................. 160 Healy, Ian .............................................................. 150 Hemmant, William ................................................97 Henderson, John B............................................ 106 Henry, Albert ....................................................... 150 Hepworth, Tom ....................................................176 Herbert, Andrew ................................................ 133 Herbert, Sir Robert ................ 46, 104, 114, 115 Hielscher, Sir Leo .....................................112, 121 Higgins, Janet “Nettie” ......................................174 Higgins, Rita ..............................................................6 Hilder, Jesse Jewhurst.........................................36 Hill, Dorothy ......................................................... 144 Hill, Walter............................................................ 137 Hinkler, Herbert John Louis ............................ 162 Hodgkinson, William Oswald ........................ 128 Hogan, Hector “Hec” Denis............................151 Holland, Steve..................................................... 148 Hood, Thomas .....................................................115 Hope, Louis.......................................................... 125 Hornibrook, Reginald ..........................................24 Hornibrook, Sir Manuel Richard .............. 24, 86 Horseman, Marie “Mollie” Compston ............ 41 Hospital, Janet Turner........................................174 Houseman, Glen ................................................ 148 Howe, John Robert “Jackie” ........................... 130 Huddleston, Rodney ..........................................175 Huggins, Jackie ...................................................170 Hughes, William Morris ....................................117 Hume, Walter ...................................................... 104 Hurley, Frank ...........................................................37 Hutchinson, DH .....................................................35

I

Ipswich Grammar School ................................56 Irwin, Steven Robert, Bindi, Bob, Lyn ............78

J

Jack, Robert Logan ....................... 106, 131, 144 Jackson, Clements Frederick Vivian...............83 Jackson, Marjorie ..................................................57 Jarrett, Marjorie......................................................50 Jeays, Joshua..........................................................20 Jeays, Sarah Jane..................................................46 Jenner, Isaac .............................................. 9, 35, 37 Jenner, Mary Ellen .................................................37 Jenyns, Ebenezer, Sarah Jane ..........................81 Jerome, Jerry.........................................................147 Jessop, Colin ..........................................................27 Jian, Zhou....................................................................7 Johnstone, Catherine...........................................35 Jolly, Norman .......................................................... 74 Jolly, William Alfred ........................................... 109 Jones, Alfred James .............................................72 Jones, Clem, Sylvia ............................................111 Jones, Leisel ........................................................ 155 JSA Design .............................................................44 Julius, Max Nordau ............................................ 100

K

KcKeon, Gwladys James................................. 138 Keating, Paul.................................................54, 122 Kelly, Ralph............................................................124 Kemp, John........................................................... 165 Kennedy, Alexander .......................................... 163 Kenny, Sister Elizabeth ................108, 139, 145

Kerr, Sir John ....................................................... 122 Keto, Dr Aila ............................................................ 74 Kidston, William ....................................................99 Kingsford Smith, Sir Charles Edward......... 162 Kirwan, Mick ........................................................... 51 Kistle, Maureen ...................................................... 14 Klaus, Francois ......................................................62 K.M. Smith.............................................................. 91 Knox, EW .............................................................. 126 Kraftzmann, Noel...................................................25 Krefft, Johan (Louis).............................................35 Kretshmer, Edward de Saluz.............................35 Kruttschnitt, Julius ............................................. 132 Kwok, Bew............................................................ 133

L

Lahey, Romeo..................................................11, 73 Lahey, Vida ...................................................... 36, 39 Lalor, Peter ........................................................... 128 Lamington, Lady ................................................. 130 Landsborough, William.................................... 104 Lane, William, Annie Macquarie ....................171 Lang, Reverend Dr John Dunmore ..................18 Langer, Alfie ......................................................... 154 Langer, Gertrude ........................................25, 177 Langer, Karl .............................................................25 Langford, Muriel .......................................................6 Lavarack, Sir John Dudley ..................................13 Laver, Rodney “Rod” George ........................ 152 Leichhardt, Dr Ludwig.............................124, 170 Lesina, Vincent ....................................................171 L’Estrange, William Mandeville ........................71 Lewin, Behr .............................................................37 Lewis, Hayley....................................................... 155 Lewis, Terry .......................................................... 103 Lewis, Walter “Wally” James ......................... 154 Lilley, Kathleen Mitford ........................................50 Lilley, Sir Charles .......................................... 46, 50 Lindsay, Jack.........................................................175 Lindsay, Ray ................................................174, 150 Lisner, Charles .......................................................62 Little, Henry.......................................................... 125 Little, Robert ......................................... 46, 95, 125 Locke, Helen Sumner ........................................173 Lomax, Geoff ....................................................... 166 Longman, Heber ...................................................71 Lorimer, Philip.......................................................172 Lorre, Peter .............................................................61 Lucas, Dr Thomas.............................................. 137 Lucinda Sharpe ...................................................171 Lukin, Gresley ..................................................... 169 Lukin, Lionel Oscar ..............................................98 Lumholtz, Carl ........................................................69 Lutwyche, Alfred ........................................... 18, 94 Lynagh, Michael.................................................. 156 Lynch, James ....................................................... 129 Lyons, Nancy ....................................................... 155 Lyons, Sir Edward .................................................63

M

Mabo, Eddie Koiki ....................................................6 Macalister, Sir Arthur .........................................115 Macartney, Sir Edward Henry................. 96, 117 Mackenzie, Sir Ewan..........................................114 Mackerras, Ian Murray, Mabel Josephine “Jo” ..................................................... 146 MacKillop, Mother Mary......................................45 Macleod, Thomas .................................................99 Maclurcan, Hannah ..............................................47 MacMillan, Kenneth..............................................62 Macqueen, Kenneth .............................................36 Macrossan, John Murtagh, Hugh Denis, Neal William..........................................................127 Maguire, Mary (Helene)......................................61 Mailman, Deborah ................................................61 Maitland, Andrew Gibb.................................... 106 Malourf, David ........................ 170, 174, 177, 178 Mansfield, Justice ...............................................119

Mansfield, Katherine ..........................................174 Marchant, Gordon ................................................49 Marley, Ruth ..........................................................176 Marshman, Robert ................................................54 Martyn, Laurel ........................................................62 Maruff, Dr Allen................................................... 133 Mathewson, Mary, Peter .....................................81 Matilda ......................................................................66 Matthewson, Peter, Thomas .............................37 Mattick, John .............................................................7 Maximov, Nina ......................................................177 Maxwell, Dr Walter ............................................ 137 May, Phil ...................................................................36 Mayne, Dr James ................................................ 156 Mayne, Mary Emelia, Patrick .............................49 Mayo, George Elton .............................................52 Mayo, Lilian Daphne.............................................39 McBride, Lambert, May .........................................6 McCafferty, John “Jack” Francis ................... 164 McCarten, Maurice ........................................... 149 McCaughey, Sir Samuel.....................................49 McCawley, Thomas ..............................................99 McConnel, David, Ursula Hope .................... 140 McConnel, Mary ....................................................49 McCrea, Stewart................................................... 41 McDonald, Roger................................................174 McDonnell, Frank .......................................... 82, 87 McDowell, Valentine ............................................63 McGahan, Andrew .............................................174 McGregor, Sir William ...........................................8 McGuinness, Patrick ........................................ 163 McGuire, James Randal, Sharon.....................58 McIlwraith, Margaret............................................15 McIlwraith, Sir Thomas ........................................... .........................................15, 87, 96, 127, 130, 157 McKay, Judith .........................................................34 McKenzie, Alice .....................................................15 McKenzie, Donald.................................................27 McMaster, Sir Fergus ....................................... 163 McMurdo, Margaret .............................................98 McNab, Father Duncan..........................................6 McWhirter, James .................................................82 Meares, Anna .......................................................151 Melba, Dame Nellie .............................57, 95, 147 Meninga, Malcolm “Mal” Norman ................ 154 Menzies, John.......................................................161 Meston, Archibald ......................................69, 160 Metcalfe, Arthur .................................................. 146 Miles, Gene.......................................................... 154 Miller, Emma ..............................................................8 Miller, George ........................................................46 Mitchell, Chris ..................................................... 169 Mitchell, Helen .......................................................95 Mobsby, Henry William .......................................37 Moffat, John ..........................................................127 Moffat, Tracey.........................................................43 Moir, Alan ................................................................. 41 Molesworth, Margaret Mutch ........................ 152 Moloney, James ...................................................176 Molvig, Helge Jon .................................................40 Monash, General Sir John ....................... 25, 141 Moncrieff, Gladys Lillian ..............................57, 60 Moore, Arthur .......................................................110 Moore, George ................................................... 149 Morant, Harry Harbord “Breaker”....................................................... 105, 172 Morehead, Boyd ....................................................87 Morgan, Godfrey .........................................64, 149 Mort, Thomas Sutcliffe........................... 125, 130 Moses, Sir Charles............................................... 14 Mosley, Sir Oswald ..............................................61 Moynihan, Justice ....................................................6 Mueller, Baron Ferdinand von...........................34 Mulligan, James .................................................. 128 Murdoch, James ..................................................171 Murphy, Graeme....................................................62 Murphy, Peter ................................................. 82, 87 Murray-Prior, Matilda .........................................170

181

N

Nash, James......................................................... 128 Nathan, Sir Matthew .............................12, 39, 71 Neilson, Philip ......................................................176 Nerada Tea Pty Ltd............................................136 Newman, Campbell..............................................72 Nicholas, Margarita ..............................................60 Nicklin, Sir Frank ................................................ 133 Nicolle, Eugene Dominique Nicolle ............. 125 Nilpelli, William Watiman ......................................6 Nimmo, William................................................... 165 Noonan, Michael .................................................176 Noonuccal, Oodgeroo ......................................178 Norman, Gregory “Greg” John...................... 153 Norris, Jill ...............................................................176 North, Marianne, Marion.....................................34 Noud, Keith .............................................................64 Nunn, Glynis .........................................................151

O

O’Doherty, Dr Kevin ......................................7, 138 Ogilvie, Pat ..............................................................42 O’Kane, Thaddeus ............................................ 129 Olley, Margaret ..............................................43, 50 O’Neill, Dr James .................................................. 11 O’Neill, Susan “Susie” ..................................... 155 O’Quinn, Bishop ...................................................19 O’Reilly, Bernard ........................................... 59, 75 O’Reilly, Peter, Jane, Tom, Herb, Norm, Peter, Mick, Patrick, Luke, Joe, Rose ............................................................... 75

P

Page, Stephen .......................................................62 Palmer, Edward Vivian “Vance”, Nettie.......................................................................174 Parker, Harold, Lewis...........................................36 Parkes, Henry ...................................................... 169 Parry-Okedon, William........................................64 Partridge, Eric Honeywell ................................175 Paterson, Andrew Barton “Banjo”..........................................................170, 172 Paterson, Frederick Woolnough............52, 100 Patrick, Mother ......................................................45 Patterson, Robert .............................................. 158 Pavlova, Anna ................................................. 62, 95 Peanut Company of Australia ......................134 Pearson, Lydia........................................................42 Pearson, Noel............................................................6 Penny, George, Thomas .....................................80 Penton, Brian Con ..............................................174 Perkins, Kieren John ......................................... 148 Perkins, Patrick ......................................................87 Petri, Constance, Andrew, John, Thomas, Isabella ...................................................18 Pettigrew, William.................................................73 Philip Bacon Galleries .......................................44 Philippides, Constantine “Dino” Michael, Ianna Stavrou..................................... 166 Philippides, Justice Anthe..................................50 Philips, General Owen ........................................97 Phillips, Howard ..................................................175 Philp, Robert.................................. 11, 70, 79, 159 Picot, James..........................................................177 Pizzey, Jack .............................................................46 Plant, Harry .............................................................64 Platters, The............................................................63 Poidevin, Leslie................................................... 152 Poole, Gabriel ........................................................22 Porteous, Richard...............................................176 Porter, Peter..........................................................178 Postle, Arthur .......................................................151 Potter, Norah ..........................................................45 Poulson, Poul ................................................. 35, 37 Powers, Charles .............................................8, 101 Pradal, Pia du .........................................................42 Praed, Campbell, Rosa Caroline ...................170 Purcell, Leah ...........................................................61

182

Q

QR Limited............................................................167 QSuper ....................................................................92 Queensland Airports Limited .......................168 Queensland Government ................................ 16 Queensland State Archives ............................ 17 Quinlan, Mrs ...........................................................87 Quinn, James ..........................................................45

R

Radcliffe-Brown, AR ......................................... 140 Rafter, Pat ............................................................. 152 Raines, Terri ............................................................78 Ramsay, Lauderdale ......................................... 152 Ramsey, Edward Lauderdale, Marmaduke, Robert Christian ................................................. 150 Ramsey, Sir Robert ........................................... 126 Rankin, Dame Annabelle Jane Mary ............ 120 Rawson Brothers ..................................................37 Rawson, Lancelot, Wilhemina Frances.........47 Ray, Johnnie ............................................................65 Raymond, Moore .................................................176 Read, Herbert ......................................................174 Reader, Ralph............................................................7 Reagan, Ronald .....................................................61 Rees, Lloyd..............................................................40 Reid, Frank ............................................................173 Reid, Walter ............................................................87 Renouf, Steve ...................................................... 154 Rice, James ................................................................6 Rice, Stephanie .................................................. 155 Richards, Professor Henry Caselli ....... 71, 144 Richards, Ranold “Ron”, Richard ..................147 Ridley, Eric...............................................................84 Rigby, John ..............................................................40 Riley, Samantha .................................................. 155 Ritchard, Cyril ........................................................62 Rivers, Richard Godfrey, Selina.......................36 Rivers, WHR..............................................................6 Robinson, William.................................................43 Rodgriguez, Judith ..............................................178 Roe, Reginald...............................................46, 152 Romano, Azzalin ....................................................64 Rosenstengal, Edmund, Richard.....................38 Roth, Walter Edmund, Henry Ling ............... 140 Rothschild, Baron ......................................... 10, 69 Roughsey, Dick ............................................43, 176 Rowan, Marian Ellis ..............................................34 Rowbotham, David .............................................178 Rowland, Percy............................................46, 177 Roxon, Lillian...........................................................46 Rubin, Harold .........................................................43 Rudd, Kevin ...........................................................116 Rudd, Steele ................................................. 15, 173 Rush, Geoffrey.......................................................61 Russell, Henry Stuart ........................................114 Rutherford, James.............................................. 164 Ruthning, Heinrich Ludwig Eduard.................95 Rutledge, Sir Arthur .............................................94 Ryan, Sir Charles ..................................................69 Ryan, Thomas Joseph ............................................. ..................................9, 83, 96, 117, 118, 127, 130

S

Saints, The ..............................................................65 Sakzewski, Sir Albert...........................................49 Samuels, Charles................................................151 Satge, Oscar de ..................................................124 Savage Garden .....................................................65 Schaurer, Amy........................................................47 Schenck, Joseph...................................................61 Schonell, Sir Fred, Eleanor............................. 139 Schubert, Maureen .............................................. 14 Schubert, Sydney ...............................................121 Schwarz, Pastor ................................................. 140 Scott, Eugene Montague (Monty) .......... 35, 41 Scott, Margaret .....................................................42 Sculthorpe, Peter ..................................................77

Seekers, The...........................................................66 Sellheim, Philip ................................................... 129 Sellword, Neville................................................. 149 Selwyn, Alfred ..................................................... 105 Shackleton, Gregory John ...............................171 Shapcott, Tom......................................................178 Shean, Jim ............................................................ 149 Shearer, Moira........................................................62 Sheldon, Jeanette .................................................40 Shillam, Len, Kathleen .........................................39 Simonetti, Achille ..................................................19 Sinclair, John ..........................................................77 Sisley, Barbara.......................................................61 Smith, Irma J ...........................................................42 Smith, John, Kate Mary .......................................81 Smith, Laurie...........................................................66 Smith, Premier William Forgan ............................. ............................................................... 112, 119, 142 Smith, Stanley ..................................................... 144 Smyth, Joseph, Andrew ....................................157 Snowfield, William................................................69 Sorlie, George Brown .........................................60 South Bank Corporation ................................168 Sparkes, Robert ..................................................112 Spencer, Baldwin .............................................. 140 Spiller, John.......................................................... 126 Spragg, Alonzo ................................................... 156 Springfield, Frank........................................ 51, 148 Springfield, Mabel ............................................. 155 Stafford, Paula, Ralph Beverley .......................42 Stanley, Francis DG, Montague.......................21 Stanton, John..........................................................78 Steele Rudd .................................................. 15, 173 Stephen, Sir Ninian ........................................... 122 Stephens, James Brunton................................178 Stephens, Thomas Blacket ...............................50 Stephenson, Percy .....................................52, 175 Stodart, James .................................................... 133 Stombuco, Andrea Giovanni..............18, 19, 35 Story, John.....................................................52, 107 Summerville, Sir William Alan Thompson......143 Suncorp ...................................................................90 Sunsuper ................................................................92 SunWater ................................................................93 Swain, Edward, Norman ........................... 74, 126 Sylvaney, Elsie........................................................59 Symonds, Andrew ............................................. 150

T

TAFE Queensland................................................55 Tanner, Annie ........................................................118 Taylor, Kay Glasson ............................................176 Templeton, Ainslie ............................................. 163 Tengdahl, Julie .......................................................42 The Courier-Mail ................................................179 Theodore, EG ...................... 26, 79, 83, 118, 174 Thiess, Leslie..........................................................24 Thomas, Lewis .......................................................97 Thompson, Donald Finlay Ferguson............ 140 Thompson, Duncan Fulton ............................. 154 Thompson, Jack.....................................................75 Thompson, John ....................................................25 Thompson, William, Donald, Harold ............131 Thorpe, Billy ............................................................65 Thynne, Andrew Joseph .....................................96 Tiffin, Charles ................................................. 20, 21 Tiffin, Mary Ann ......................................................20 Tiger Lil .....................................................................58 Torme, Mel ...............................................................63 Towns, Robert ..................................................... 126 Traeger, Alfred Hermann ..................................142 Travers, Pamela Lyndon ....................................176 Tresize, Percy .........................................................43 Trimble, Sam ........................................................ 150 Tucker, Percy ..........................................................72 Turner, Graham “Skroo” .................................. 166 Turner, JMW...............................................................9 Tyron, Henry..................................................74, 143

U

Uhr, Sir Clive.................................................45, 149 Underwood, Eleanor ............................................ 14 University of Southern Queensland............56 Urban, Keith ............................................................65

V

Vallis, Robert ..........................................................69 Vallis, Val ................................................................178 Veivers, Tom......................................................... 150 Vennard, Alexander ............................................173 Vennning, Frank Ormond ................................... 51 Vickers, Allan Robert Stanley .........................142 Vosper, Frederick ................................................171 Vrepont, Brian ......................................................177

W

Wackett, Sir Lawrence James ........................141 Wade, Abdul...........................................................26 Wagner, Jenny......................................................176 Walker, Cath .........................................................178 Walker, James Laughland ..................................81 Walker, Janet .................................................. 42, 81 Walker, John ...........................................................73 Walkom, Arthur ................................................... 144 Wallace, George Leonard, “Bronco”, “Pipeface”................................................................60 Walsh, John.............................................................79 Watkin, Sir Herbert ..............................................46 Watson, JE ..............................................................20 Watson, John Andrew .........................................84 Watson, Judy ..........................................................43 Webb, Karrie Ann .............................................. 153 Webb, William Flood ........................................ 101 Weinholt, Arnold, Edward................................124 Welch, Garth ..........................................................62 Welch, Leslie ....................................................... 145 Welsby, Thomas .............................................11, 49 Whish, Captain Claudius Buchanan ............................................................. 126 White, Cyril Tenison ............................................. 74 White, Gilbert ........................................................53 White, Leslie ...........................................................62 White, Olive ............................................................37 White, Patrick.........................................................77 White, Ray ...............................................................85 Whitty, Ellen (Mother Vincent) .........................45 Wickham, Anna ...................................................178 Wickham, Tracey.........................................66, 155 Wieneks, James ..................................................113 Wilcocks, GC ........................................................ 11 Wilcox, Elsie ...........................................................59 Williams, Keith .....................................................161 Williams, Maida .....................................................53 Williams, Mervyn .................................................147 Williams, Sir Henry Sydney .............................161 Williams, WH .........................................................80 Wills, Frederick Charles .....................................37 Wilson, Clement Henry, Florence (nee Saunders) ......................................................26 Wilson, James Lockie.......................................... 14 Wilson, John ...........................................................26 Wilson, Ronald ......................................................21 Winton, Harry .........................................................64 Wirth, George, Mary, May Emmeline .............58 Wolfe, Patsy......................................................... 103 Wood, Graham ................................................... 166 Woodroffe, Jessie.................................................40 WorkCover Queensland ...................................93 World Expo ’88......................................................66 Worth, Lewis ..........................................................35 Wright, Alexis .......................................................174 Wright, Judith A .........................................177, 178

XYZ

Xstrata....................................................................135 Yonge, Maurice......................................................71 Zinga, John (ne Desponges) ............................58

Acknowledgements Undertaking a project like this one incurs many debts. At the Queensland State Archives my thanks go to Janet Prowse, Cate Spence and most particularly to archivist Jane Wassell. Jane was a delightful guide to the treasures of our past.

At the Queensland State Library Dianne Byrne provided me with extraordinary assistance and advice. Thanks also go to Angelo Comino for his wonderful images.

I received a lot of help at the Queensland Newspaper’s Collections, particularly from Megan Dedes, Gwen McLachlan, Peter McNamara and Bernice Garratt.

Editor David Fagan is a notable supporter of Queensland excellence.

My sincere thanks go to Jeff Rickertt at the Fryer Library, the University of Queensland and Brendan Copley at the Supreme Court Library who tracked down many images for me. Michelle Ryan, Scott Carlilie and Geoff Wright at the Queensland Museum guided my hunt for photographs, as did the wonderful team at the State Herbarium, Dr Gordon Guymer and Will Smith. Sister Kay Lane of the Sisters of Mercy Archives assisted me with images from their collection. Dr. Darryl McIntyre, National Film and Sound Archives was, as always, full of suggestions.

Judith McKay, Philip Bacon, Mark McGuinness, Bruce Hawker, Mark Nolan and John Wachsner provided excellent professional advice and suggestions. Jacinta Livingstone, Nicholas Thompson, Barry Thorton, William Van Caenegem, Anthe Philippides, Caroline Nolan, Lorisa Fryer, Ruth O’Hanlon, Angus Moffatt, Marie Siganto, Jan Rolston, Paula Grunseit, Andra Müller, Margaret Wroe, Liz Sharp and Barbara Tollenaere all provided vital clues and assistance.

To all the researchers and editors of the Australian Dictionary of Biography, without your labours this, and all other history books, would be diminished. This is the invaluable guide to Australians of achievement which I have fulsomely consulted in my own travels though Queensland achievers.

Most importantly, Donald James came along for the ride through the rocks, crannies and mountains of Queensland history. His unreserved love and support makes him a gem among men. To Donald I dedicate this book.

Kay Saunders July 2009

183

In 2009 Queensland celebrates 150 years of its separation from NSW. Queensland 150 years of achievement celebrates those individuals who have made a significant contribution to Queensland’s growth and development.

RRP $49.95