MAGAZINE
This magazine is a space for people who want to learn another language, in this we will leave practical ways to learn English, this week we will explain how is the correct use of direct and indirect speech
Sindy Lorena Hernández Vanegas ID 454218 Darío Forero Salamanca ID 452932 Julián David Romero Rodríguez ID 454053 Diana Duitama Castañeda ID 453629
Direct and indirect speech can be a source of confusion for English learners. then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa
You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: 1. by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) 2. by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech).
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.
For example: DIRECT SPEECH Present simple
She said, "It's cold."
Present continuous
She said, "I'm teaching English online."
Present perfect simple
She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."
Present perfect continuous
She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."
Past simple
She said, "I taught online yesterday."
Past continuous
She said, "I was teaching earlier."
Past perfect
She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."
Past perfect continuous
She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."
DIRECT SPEECH She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."
She said, "I can teach English online."
She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."
She said, "What shall we learn today?"
She said, "May I open a new browser?"
!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to. DIRECT SPEECH "I might go to the cinema", he said.
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
For example: DIRECT SPEECH Past simple
She said it was cold.
Past continuous
She said she was teaching English online.
Past perfect simple
She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple
She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous
She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect
NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous
NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.
INDIRECT SPEECH She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
She said she could teach English online.
She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
She asked what we should learn today.
She asked if she might open a new browser.
!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to. INDIRECT SPEECH He said he might go to the cinema.
DIRECT SPEECH "My name is Lynne", she said.
INDIRECT SPEECH She said her name was Lynne. Or She said her name is Lynne.
SIMPLE PRESENT CHANGES TO SIMPLE PAST I COOK DINNER WHAT DID SHE SAY? SHE SAID THAT SHE COOKED DINNER
PRESENT CONTINUOUS CHANGES TO PAST CONTINUOUS I AM LISTENING TO MUSIC WHAT DID HE SAY? HE SAID THAT HE WAS LISTENING TO MUSIC
PRESENT PERFECT CHANGES TO PAST PERFECT I HAVE FINISHED MY WORK WHAT DID HE SAY? HE SAID THAT HE HAD FINISHED HIS WORK
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS CHANGES TO PERFECT PAST CONTINUOUS I HAVE BEEN STUDYING SINCE 3 O'CLOCK WHAT DID HE SAY? HE SAID THAT HE HAD BEEN STUDYING SINCE 3 O'CLOCK
SIMPLE PAST CHANGES TO PERFECT PAST I DID EXERCISES TODAY WHAT DID HE SAY? HE SAID THAT HE HAD DONE EXERCISES TODAY
hurt
open
change
listen
fall
fill
need hear live accept leave find explain give know drink learn make/do drive leave forget look have fly dance finish eat fix learn go lose fit