MADRID
SHANGHAI
Final Booklet Tricontinental Master’s Degree Integrated Architectural Project 2013 Edition
SAN DIEGO
M A D R I D
I N D E X
M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER
M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE
SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE
SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
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M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
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M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
Concept Developing and Project
Privacy Silence
Comfort
WiFi
76% Home
4% 2
4% 2
Places 6%
Business 2% 1
Anywhere
8%
No Problem
Comfort
Café
Individual
Grouping 57% 35% 8% Group
Anywhere
4%
Dreams
4%
46%
Cafè
8% Beach
Street
16%
10%
12% Home
Park
M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
1.1 SOCIAL ACTION When we started thinking on developing the concept of the skype corner we thought to expand our personal experience merging it with the needs and the dreams of the people around us. This is how we decided to do a social action and starting interviewing people about different aspects of their experience with videochatting. 1.1.1 Places The first interview tell us about the places in which people like to skype. The main amount of people likes to videochat in the private and silent space of their home. On the other hand, the business and even the café calls are not so usual as we may think. Only the 8% of the people like to skype everywhere. 1.1.2 Grouping Later this data was interesting to define how many squaremeters to dedicate to single skypercorner or groups one. 1.1.3 Dreams The Dreams question about ‘where you would like to skype’, pointed out interesting information: despite only the 8% do it, there is a large amount of people that would like to use their videocamera everywhere or in the street in particular.
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36˚
144˚
4m
60˚
45˚
135˚
120˚
4m
2m
2m seat high
plant
Individual
elevation
Grouping
System
M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
1.2 THE PROCESS During the evolution of the design, we started studying the different camera angles and how they relate with a single person or a group of people. 1.2.1 The angle In this way we came out with the regular triangular form. The 60째 degrees of the equilater triangle allow to create a clear and suitable space for a single person and, at the same time, to arrange a group space for more people just usying only two modules. 1.2.2 Plant and elevation When we use skype we usually have problem regarding our position in relation on how we appear in the videochat. So researching about the distance, the seat position and the camera angle view, was a crucial point of our concept. 1.2.3 Aggregation The main intention was to emphasyze the opportunity allows from the regular shape of the equilater triangle. The aggregation of it become easily an aggregation of regular exagons.
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M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
M.1.3 PROJECT The customization of the space was one of the several qualities of our idea. It is important to let people customize their space. So it became essential that the main colours of the skype corner were really basic, like white and silver. M.1.3.1 Materials Materials such as glass, gypsum and alluminium allow to create an aseptic space and at the same time, the fiberglass in the panels of the structure give a degree of acoustic insulation necessary to have a pleasant videochat. M.1.3.2 Furniture Starting from the same concept of giving a dry space, the furniture needs to be essential. So one seat, one computer and one ledge might be all the components of the internal space. M.1.3.3 Composition The triangles were emphasyzed also on elevations and roofs of the project. We let the concept be the centre of our design. All the different panels, the ventilation grid, the solar panels on the top are cutted in triangular shapes.
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M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
Urban action
M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
M.2.1 ANALOGICAL SMART CITY The analogical urban section is an action that is part of the greater project ‘analogical smart cities’ by PKMN architects. 2.1.1 The concept The urban environment is a data generator and the basic idea of the Smart City movement is that this data should be gathered, collected, interepretated and wisely used. The analogical smart cities concept start from this idea claiming that a good way to use this data is simply to show it. To make people aware of the environment they live in. 2.1.2 The making From the manifesto of the Analogical Smart Cities ‘We will use low cost materials such as adhesive tape to display information phisically working at real scale. The aim is to generate a huge analogical background containing a piece of the city in four dimension (time included) 2.1.3 Street Section In this way the analogical urban section has to be seen as a way to make people aware of the amount of public space the live in. How much space is devoted to the vehicular lane? How much to parking? How much to you?
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M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
Facade Analysis
M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
M.3.1 THE ANALYSIS The idea behind the transparency analysis is about studying the building facades and how the materials, and their trasparency change in relation with the several needs. 3.1.1 Shops On the first floor there are interesting swing. Window shops are completely transparent to make visible the interiors, to advertise. This trasparency is made with glass. At the same time some spaces like the bank use a opaque glass to let the light in, giving privacy at the interior. 3.1.2 Bus Stop Some times trasparency is made by plastic, in the case of a bus stop, the trasparency is necessary to make the space a safe one. 3.1.3 Sensation Architects use also the trasparency of different materials to give a sensation of lightness. Often, office space are covered with glass, that let the light in but do not allow to see inside. 3.1.4 Night Light may change the trasparency of a material. During the night, when the houses are, generally, more lighted then the streets, curtains are needed to cover the indoors.
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M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
Systems Design
M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
M.4.1.THE INTERNET OF THING The Internet of Things is seen as a possible evolution of the Web. Objects may acquire intelligence: being able to communicate information about themselves and have access to aggregate information from other. An idea such as -an alarm clock that rings before in case of traffic, -plants communicate with the water system when it’s time to be watered, -the sneakers transmit time, speed and distance to compete in real time with people on the other side of the globe, -the medicine jar alerts family members if you forget to take your medicine. The goal of the Internet of things is to ensure the electronic world to draw a map of the real world, giving an electronic identity to the things and places in the physical environment. Fields of application are manifold: from industrial applications (processes), logistics and information services, to energy efficiency, remote service and environmental protection. In the vision of the Internet of things, objects create a pervasive and interconnected using multiple communication technologies.
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M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
3.1.1 Advantages - Appealing - Improves our life - Delete mechanical behaviour - More time for ourselves - Very helping for disable people 3.1.2 Concerns - Privacy - Security - Amount of data - Digital divide - Control - Ethic 3.2 TYPOLOGIES 3.2.1 Public Environment
Traffic
Social
3.2.2 Domestic
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M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
39 Nieto y Sobejano Allende Arquitectos Rubio & Alvarez Sala Sancho-Madridejos El Croquis Ecosistema Urbano Media Lab Prado Func Carlos Arroyo Rafael de la Hoz PKMN Architects
SHANGHAI
I N D E X
M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER
M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE
SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE
SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
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SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
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SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
Structural Analysis
SH.1 DIAGRID STRUCTURE FOR A TALL BUILDING: MODELING AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
1.0 Abstract: The Diagrid is emerging as a new tendency in the current trend of structural developments in high buildings. Due to their original framed system instead of the common orthogonally frame it provides several structural benefits. In a tall building structure where, according to the ‘premium of height’ investigated by Fazlur Khan, the stiffness rather than the strength becomes the dominant factor; a vertical pillars capable only of bearing gravity loads, providing low shear resistance becomes a problem. Related to this, to guarantee the required stiffness in the buildings, the structural engineers need to design huge and intrusive core in supertall skyscraper. This report will explore the capacities of a Diagrid system in particular related to a research about the Swiss Re Tower of London, recently renominated the 30 St Mary Axe. Modeling the structure, analyzing the frame, calculating the gravity and wind loads, we will be able to get a glimpse on how a Diagrid framed system works.
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SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
1.1 INTRODUCTION The 30 St. Mary Axe Building, previously know as the Swiss Re Building is a 41 storey tower, ca 180 meters tall. Designed by the Foster and Partern architects with the Arup engineers, it was erected from the 2001 until December 2003 with a public opening in the early 2004. Due to its particular appearance become immediately a landmark in the London skyline. It gains several awards of architecture such as the prestigious 2004 RIBA Stirling Prize, not least for its remarkable environmental quality. The aerodynamic shape and the vertical shafts that rise up along the building contribute at the optimization of the natural light, considerably reducing the overall energy consumption. 1.2 HOW TO BUILD THE MODEL The construction of the model was basically related to the structural system since in our research we were particularly interested in how the diagrid works. It took time to prepare the model only once we find out the size of all the external hoop members it was easy to build. 1.2.1 Diagrid The structure has 40 superstructural floors with 20째 radial spacing every two stories module. The stories of the building can be divide in Noded Floor, where the edge columns meet, and Intermediate Floor.
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1.3 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
1.3.1 Section All the members of the entire steel framework of the tower: diagrid, core and connecting beams, are made in steel Q345. For the core columns we inserted three different frame sections, while the beams are modeled as an Universal Beam 533x209. We assigned a Circular Section both at the hoop and the diagonal members. The decision was made through several aspects. In general Hollow Structural Section (HSS) are broadly adopted where the beams and the columns of the frame carry loads in multiple directions. In particular the circular section, due its infinite symmetrical axis can provide also an excellent torsional stiffness. 1.3.2 Constraint/Restraint To provide the floor lateral stiffness diaphragm constraints were settled at each joint of a noded floor, which serves to tie together all the points of the framing at the same z level, to distribute the lateral tension throughout the whole and to connect the diagrid and the core working together with the same sway. 1.3.3 Loads The load modules were divide in four different patterns: self dead, dead, live, wind.
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FLOOR
Diagrid
JOINT LOADS Dead loads Outer Core
Inner Core
Diagrid
JOINT LOADS Live loads Outer Core
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
327,32
243,34
173,78
229,12
170,34
121,64
HEIGHT m
Inner Core
0
0
1
4,15
-
250,49
173,78
-
175,34
121,64
2
8,3
471,03
257,72
173,78
329,72
180,40
121,64
3
12,45
-
264,18
173,78
-
184,93
121,64
4
16,6
509,49
270,71
173,78
356,64
189,50
121,64
5
20,75
-
276,25
173,78
-
193,38
121,64
6
24,9
543,16
281,84
173,78
380,21
197,29
121,64
7
29,05
-
286,62
173,78
-
200,63
121,64
8
33,2
572,22
291,42
173,78
400,55
203,99
121,64
9
37,35
-
295,28
173,78
-
206,70
121,64
10
41,5
595,99
299,16
173,78
417,19
209,41
121,64
11
45,65
-
302,09
173,78
-
211,46
121,64
12
49,8
614,09
305,02
173,78
429,86
213,52
121,64
13
53,95
-
306,99
173,78
-
214,89
121,64
14
58,1
626,37
308,96
173,78
438,46
216,27
121,64
15
62,25
-
310,04
173,78
-
217,03
121,64
16
66,4
632,89
311,13
173,78
443,02
217,79
121,64
17
70,55
-
311,03
173,78
-
217,72
121,64
18
74,7
631,66
310,93
173,78
442,16
217,65
121,64
19
78,85
-
308,86
173,78
-
216,20
121,64
20
83
618,74
306,79
173,78
433,12
214,75
121,64
21
87,15
-
302,67
173,78
-
211,87
121,64
22
91,3
593,32
298,58
173,78
415,32
209,01
121,64
23
95,45
-
292,38
173,78
-
204,67
121,64
24
99,6
555,58
286,23
173,78
388,91
200,36
121,64
25
103,75
-
278,05
173,78
-
194,64
121,64
26
107,9
506,64
269,96
173,78
354,65
188,97
121,64
27
112,05
-
260,02
173,78
-
182,01
121,64
28
116,2
448,22
250,22
173,78
313,75
175,15
121,64
29
120,35
-
238,50
173,78
-
166,95
121,64
30
124,5
381,03
226,99
173,78
266,72
158,89
121,64
31
128,65
-
213,11
173,78
-
149,17
121,64
32
132,8
304,51
199,54
173,78
213,15
139,68
121,64
33
136,95
-
183,10
173,78
-
128,17
121,64
34
141,1
219,07
167,15
173,78
153,35
117,00
121,64
35
145,25
-
148,17
173,78
-
103,72
121,64
36
149,4
128,75
129,94
173,78
90,13
90,96
121,64
37
153,55
-
109,44
173,78
-
76,61
121,64
38
157,7
72,29
89,96
173,78
50,61
62,97
121,64
39
161,85
-
-
174,52
-
-
122,16
40
166
69,46
-
144,30
48,62
-
101,01
SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
1.4 RESULTS Fortunately the structural performance of the frame was the one we were looking for. In the imagines below it is possible to get a glimpse about the axial force diagrams due to the dead (selfdead+dead), live and wind loads. Diagrams 1, 2 immediately show the diagrid advantages in carrying load. The core performs as a vertical load-resisting systems. Gravity Forces induced by dead and live load are supported in a 55% range by the two layers of the core (Table 5) and all the prevalent axial forces caused by the wind are borne by the external members of the diagrid. Through this axial action, the external structure is, also, perfectly capable of resisting wind forces with minimal deformations. As we see in the Table 6, the shear base reactions due to wind forces (Table 4) is almost completely allocated in the diagrid. Unlike the conventional orthogonal frame structure that carry shear by the bending of pillars, in this new configuration all the vertical columns in the external skin of the building become useless. Other data originated from the wind shear results (Diagram 4 and 5) looks like confirming the theory. In those diagrams the external diagrid don’t present any major shear reaction (related to the singular bar) in both directions. The wind bending forces diagram
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Dead - Axial Force Diagram
Dead - Shear Force Diagram
Live - Axial Force Diagram
SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
shows the low value of moment reaction, the amount of deflection caused by bending at the bottom of the building it’s 1,01x10-4 m (Diagram 6). Investigating the performance of a singular diagrid bar we can also extrapolate information and verify the accuracy of the model. The constraints are designed to not cause massive bending reactions in fact the result on Sap2000 show us a low value of the moment reaction due to gravity and wind load, in particular if it is compared to the massive values of the axial forces. After the diagram checking and defining the mass source from the loads (multiplier setted as 1 for dead and self-dead load and 0,5 for live), we run the Modal Analys to supervise the natural period of vibration of the structure. 1.4.1 Torsional Stiffness The capacity of the Circular Hollow Section of the Diagrid to provide a great torsional stiffness bearing more than the 90% of the torsional forces, confirms our design choices. The modal analysis exposes the various periods at which the structure will naturally resonate. There are always several ways in which a building may vibrate but the first modes tend to cause the higher impact. The firsts five results are: T1 = 2,36006 s T2 = 2,35371 s
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Wind - Axial Force Diagram
Wind - Shear Force Diagram
Wind - Moment Force Diagram
T3 = 0,75253 s T4 = 0,75003 s T5 = 0,67772 s The ratio between the T3 / T1 is less than 0,8 which proves the great torsional stiffness of the whole structure.
SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
1.5 CONCLUSIONS This report briefly reviews my research, 3d modeling and sap2000 analysis during my stay at the Technology Department of the Tongji Architectural and Design Research Institute. All the effort was focused in demonstrating the good solutions that the diagrid (diagonal + grid) structures can provide. In the past diagonal elements were usually used as a stabilizing system embedded in the concrete. Nowadays, thanks to the imaginary power of building such as the 30 St. Mary Axe the diagrid systems emerged not only as a structural efficiency frame but with all the strength of a new aesthetic tendency proving, once again, 150 years later the so called iron-cast architecture, as the structure can be the architecture.
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Modal Deformed Shape T1=2,36006
Modal Deformed Shape T5=0,24925
1.6 References Adrian Campbell (1999) Scheme Design Report on the Swiss Re Tower, Doc. Ref. REP012, Ove Arup and Parterns. Ali M.M., Kyoung Sun Moon (2007) Structural Developments in Tall Buildings: Current Trends and Future Prospect. Architectural Science Review Vol 50.3, pp. 205-223. Ali M.M., Armstrong P.J. (2006) Strategies for integrating sustainable tall buildings. School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
Boake T. (2012) Diagrid Structures: Innovation and Detailing. School of Architecture, University of Waterloo, Canada Ding J., Chao Si, He Z., Wu H. (2012) Structural Analysis and Design of Shanghai Tower. Design and Research Institute of Tongji University (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P.R.China. Taranth, B. (1998) Steel, Concrete, & Composite Design of Tall Buildings. New York: McGraw Hill.
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SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
EMBT BAU Neri & Hu ENCLAVE Atelier Liu YUYANG Proform ARUP PDM Hoop Hassel Scenic Architecure Chapman & Taylor
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SAN DIEGO
I N D E X
M.0 THE EXPERIENCE M.1 SKYPE CORNER
M.2 ANALOGICAL URBAN SECTION M.3 TRANSPARENCY M.4 EXCHANGE URBAN DATA
M.5 OFFICE VISITS
SH.0 THE EXPERIENCE SH.1 THE DIAGRID STRUCTURE
SH.2 OFFICE VISITS
SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE
SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
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SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS Final Thesis Project
BIKING TRIALS
MIRAMA AR HIKING TRIALS BY DIFFICULT
BIRD RO OC CK K BAY PATH TH
COWLES OW WL WL MOUNTAIN M OUNT TAIN
LA A JOLLA J
PACIFIC FIC BEACH
SUNSET CLIFF BEACH WALK MISSION N BEACH
LA AM MESA
LEMON ON GR GROVE
PALOMAR OM MOUNTAIN OBSERVATORY VA TRIAL 5
CABRILLO WILLIAM HEISE COUNTY PARK
CEDAR CREEK CUYAMACA PEAK FALLS TRAILHEAD LOOP TRAIL
CHULA VISTA
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SAN YSIDRO
M E X I C O
SD.1 THE SNAKE A PROJECT FOR THE CITY 2.0
SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
1.1 FROM XL TO THE S SCALE The project of the snake starts from an accurate research done in our first month of our stay in San Diego. Starting from the XL scale of the San Diego County down to the S scale of the East Village, a San Diego neighborhood. The San Diego County is in the very south of California, next to Messico, from the beginning the research was interested in the movement of the people and in the way they spend their sportif time. Outdoor biking and hiking are sports really common in San Diego. All over the county there are a lot of paths, from amatorial level to the professionale ones, but as much as people love to do outdoor sport, they need their cars to reach those places. From the L to the S scale the investigation focuses on time distance. Places you can reach by car, bike or walking in the time of 15 minutes. Those maps immediatly show how the cities work around the car, starting from the East Village, just next to Downtown in San Diego, you can easily reach Mexico by car, by you can’t approach the Hortoz Plaza, which is considered the point center of the city. A further personal investigation, regarding the walking time reveals that
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High rise building
10.9% Rooftop op
5.5%
Emptyy sspaces pa ess
11.1%
Cultural Spaces
0.6%
Sport A Areas rea
9.8%
Education building
3.1%
Public space
1.3%
Green Areas
1.3%
because of the urban pattern, so geometrically divided in squared blocks and traffic light that are voted to the traffic flow, walking along San Diego you actually spend a quarter of the time waiting at the corner of the block, so that the overall time become even longer.
SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
1.2 OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITS Once the S scale was reached, the investigation leads on researching about public spaces, green areas and others spaces of interest. The New School of Architecture and Design is just next to a couple of blocks that will be turned into a huge public space in the center of the East Village. At this point, it was important to quantify the exactly amount of the different uses of the space. Only with the precise data it is possible to declare the lackness and the opportunities of a district. The final data show as in that area there are a great space 9,8% voted to the sports (Balboa Park Arena and Pecto Park Stadium), information that actually confirm our first thought, an acceptable percentage 3.1% of education building, but a great lackness of public spaces, cultural spaces and green areas. In the same way was also interesting to study the physical composition of the blocks, the empty spaces and the rooftop that toghether are more than the 16% of the surface, such as the high rise building
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ACTIVITIES Wifi
Public space
to o increase inc se
to con connect ct
to achieve e e
9.8%
to upgrade rade d
Social
1.3%
Sport Areas
Cultural space
0.6%
Education building
3.1%
1.3%
Refresh Rooftops NO NO O
C
O
O
C
O
PP PARTNE PARTNERSHIP O
O
C
O
O
C
O
O
C
O
C
O
O
C
O
O
C
O
STRATEGIES STRATEG TEG GIES S
100 W
Economy
Under Construction
Public spaces Parks
New connections New activities
Empty spaces
11.1%
Rooftop
5.5%
Energy
150 Kw
Public Investment
0$
to purpose
Green Areas
Earning Energy due sport
to refresh e h
Environment
GREEN LINE
that will be considered as barriers for the very first moment of the snake path development.
SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
1.3 STRATEGIES Having a great research was necessary to immediatly focus problems and goals to aim: sport areas to connect, public spaces to create, empty spaces and rooftop to use, green areas to upgrade. Through those objectives, the strategy was leaded focusing on three different themes: social, economy and environment. Regarding those themes there is always an idea that is the center of them: the creation of a green line, for the environment, introduce activities, for the social, and the purpose of formulating a public private partnership to aim a 0$ investment from the public administration. 1.3.1 Social To fullfil the rooftops and the connection with a lot of activties, in particular a shared library and wifi area for the students and gyms, bike paths, running paths for sportif people. 1.3.2 Environment A green line that crosses the blocks to let the nature reclaim is central role in our life, using different seasonal blooming and air purifying plants. 1.3.3 Economy Refreshing the rooftops is not only an idea for the environment, but it involves also a great money saving. Public and Private Partnership is the new way to do a public intervantation
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using private money. To achieve it, is always necessary to create also an advantage for the private, that in this case are not donators.
SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
1.4 THE SNAKE The result project to achieve all those goals is the snake, a raised pedestrian highway that connect the rooftops of the East Village. The snake starts from the future public space between F street and G street going north to the Balboa Stadium and the City College. It connects the two important education point of the district and at the same time the sport field of the city college with the crossfit gym in the starting block. This line has to be seen as a branch of a bigger project that is not represented by only one path but by a complete net. The connection is raised so in this way you can easily walk over the big street of the city without stopping yourself. Runner and biker also would be please to finally have a 1500+ feet course in the center of the city. A shared library, for students but not only for them is another dynamic activity to do on the snake. A library where you can receive a book only if you give another one in return. Students and sportif people are the key point to let the snake be a space always full of people. The activities on the rooftops are also essential for the success of the proj-
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SHARED LIBRARY PLANTS RAISED FLOOR PLANTS PLANTS BIKE PATH PLANTS
RAISED FLOOR GRASS SOIL DRAINAGE LAYER WATER STORAGE ROOT PROOF
BEARING LAYER MAIN BEAMS
COLUMNS
WATE WATER ER PROOF R
ect. Wifi areas, outdoor gym, sport fields, benches, an amphitheater, overlooks on the main streets are all ideas implemented in the paths.
SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
1.5 MATERIAL and DETAILING Once the project was going into the details it was necessary to resolve some issues. How to fulfill a complete green line and at the same time to overfill it with activities and people? How to create a raised way but at the same time taking care of what is happening underneath it? To reply to those questions was necessary to explode the project and to study all the several needed layers. Using a raised floor the snake achieve the concept of being a complete green line but at the same time having activities. The green line is not only an aesthetic goal, plants were choosen by their abilities of purifying air, and for their different seasonal blooming, so that the line will be full of colour along all the year. The use of local material, such as recycled wood, is a strategy to take care of the environment. Activities that will be improved by being underneath a cover, as a little cinema (that needs a darker place), a bike parking spot or some episodes of tactical urbanism, where the columns land in the groundfloor, might be the key to aim an accurate usage of the space underneath the snake.
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SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS Idea for the city of the future
SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050
SD.0 THE EXPERIENCE SD.1 THE SNAKE SD.2 SAN DIEGO 2050 SD.3 OFFICE VISITS
2.1 A PROJECT FOR THE CITY 2.0 In the very first time of our stay in San Diego we were pushed on thinking about the city of the future. How it is going to evolve, how will be the public space in there. If we see the data of the density of San Diego, we see how it is going to multiplicate its value through the next decades. High Rise Building will rise in the East Village district, just like they are doing in Downtown. But if there is no public space in the groundfloor how is it possible to give the people spaces where to share their life in the city. Going through those thoughts I develope my project of the snake. If the city are going to raise, why not the public space? We can imagine this idea like a new layer on the city, where the shared spaces are not only on the ground, but also in severals stories of the building, every single one connected with the others by those connections (the snake) that will become pedestrian skyways. The rooftops might become the new plazas, with great views, and the building will have a second entrance at the very top. In this way it is possible to give finally the third dimension to the public spaces, the snake will become an hydra and it will create a new rule of urbanism.
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101 Frank Wolden skyport studio Roesling Nakamura terada X10
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Richard Meier Citylab UCLA Hector Perez GeNi Mike Burnett Safdie Rabines Morphosis Denari
A special thanks to: Nestor Montenegro Rocio Pina Isla Carmelo Rodriguez Carlos Arroyo Camila Aybar Miguel Luengo Ignacio Fernàndez Solla Honglei Wu Ramiro Losada Amor Frank Wolden Michael Stepner for being our mentors in those months A very special thanks to: Federica Daniele Alvaro Treceño Fernández Maria Fernández Garcia Cristina Ferrete Roberto Gil Carlos Hayling Javier Montiero Muriello Leticia Navascués Alberto Sanchez Almabett Yon Leon for sharing this experience with me Ale, Mone, Mattia, Giulio, Maurice Adriano, Nick+family, Angelo, Roberto, Daniele, Alice, Damian, Mario, Henry, The Marine, Minami, Helen, Jenya, Alessandra, Rafa, Jason, David for being part of the whole
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Mamy, Carla, Dozzo, Roberta, Peppe, Daniele, Elisa+quellidiclasse, Zio Peppe Zia Paola, Fra, Chiara, Adina, Laura, Manu, Massimo, Valeria, Giacomo, Mondo for being there, somewhere else
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Alfredo Baldi 23th October 1986 Italian baldialfredo@yahoo.it +39 3289426645 +1 (917) 7439314 Education
2006-2012 Engineering Master’s Degree
Sapienza, University of Rome (Italy)
2013 Tricontinental Master’s Degree in Integrated Architectural Project Universidad Europea de Madrid (Madrid, Shanghai, San Diego)
Formation and work experiences
February 2011 to September 2011 Training Assistant Engineer
Technical Bureau for the new railway Turin-Lyon, Rome (Italy)
October 2012 Professional Qualification of Civil and Evironmental Engineer Sapienza, University of Rome (Italy)
Other work experiences
CURRICULUM VITAE
2011-2010 Editing of articles about the architecture of the future www.nextMe.it Visual’s activity, responsible for the visual effects and video installations Circolo degli Artisti, Rome (Italy)