“
The central premise of USER-CENTERED DESIGN is that the best designed products and services result from understanding the needs of the people who will use them —Design Council
USER-CENTERED DESIGN AS A KEY FOR (RE)DEVELOPMENT p4 presentation 12 | 12 | 2014
explore lab 18 Tsveta Ruseva 4257537
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CONTENT
1.0. RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
2.0. URBAN CONCEPT
3.0. ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAM
4.0. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
5.0. CLIMATE DESIGN
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1.0.
RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
LOCATION
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Eastern Europe Bulgaria
Sofia
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CITY OF SOFIA
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A CITY OF CONTRADICTIONS
WHAT'S BEING BUILT NOW?
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-1Urbano model - office building, AEDES architectural studio, completed 05/2013
-2-
-3-
Red apple - residential building,
Hotel Sense - hotel building
AEDES architectural studio, completed 05/2013
architect Lazzarini Pickering, completed 11/2013
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
Last century a period of poverty and housing shortage
Refugees have taken residence
poor quality buildings and a lack of communal spaces.
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QUALITY OF THE BUILDINGS
DEMOLISHED BUILDINGS
POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS BUILDINGS
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QUALITY OF THE BUILDINGS
ABANDONED PROPERTIES
PEOPLE MOVING OUT
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QUALITY OF THE BUILDINGS
POOR MAINTENANCE AND OBVIOUS NEGLECTION
RESEARCH QUESTION
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How do policy goals and dweller’s preferences overlap? How this can be used as base to define a strategy for redevelopment of a neglected city centre neighbourhood?
RESEARCH SUB-QUESTION
•
What are the living preferences of the city centre dweller? What are people’s motivations behind choosing to live in the city centre?
•
How does the Housing Market in Sofia answer to the needs and lifestyle of the people?
•
What are the municipality of Sofia’s plans for the city centre?
HOUSING MARKET IN SOFIA
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• Big part of the existing housing stock is in a bad condition • 60% of the housing stock is considered “old” • Half of the people in Sofia live in mass housing blocks • Constant slow increase in the demand for dwellings • Stable sale and rental prices • Intensified competition on the building market has improved the quality of the housing • Potential home-buyers are focused on better living conditions
PEOPLE'S LIVING PREFERENCES
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• Pedestrian and bicycle friendly neighbourhood • Solution to the parking problem • More sun, air and greenery • Large main living area • Working space • Long-term and short-term storage • Space for utility tasks • Balance between high daylight penetration and privacy • Big private outdoor space • Energy efficiency
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MUNICIPALITY POLICY GOALS
• Freedom for new constructions in the area • Encourage private initiatives
Current lack of municipality goals “We don’t have any particular idea about the area, we’re totally uninterested. Therefore I encourage all private initiatives. The redevelopment of the neighbourhood is in the hands of its owners.”
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Des ign Guid elin 1.0 es Sha p ing 1.1 Goo D e fi d Pl n aces The ing plac es desi gn s -how h neig the bui ould pre ld h s - ho bourho ing res ent: pon w o ds to the a the sch d; its p e r hysi The ea and me rela cal c used tes t desi onte gn p o -how a t s h a str e xt - t r o n t p h e ateg osal e sch ighb he c inte y for shou ouri hara grat eme ng p futu cter ld pr -how es wi enri r l and e o c e t h h s t p r e s e e t he nt: and deve xisti legib -how ublic s e how xisti l ility pace ng str o any p men ng lo i of th t e s n c e a e a t 1.2 t; nd p s an n w pu c e a b l e n d pa edes e Outd t blic r t a w n ths; ork o trian slate spac oor f pu es su d The spac rout t o blic d fit in e e ppo spac atm esign p s rt an s are de es, in o r d co sign c and sphere oposal s e m l d u p d t lete an ing h h s the o be ove The emi pub d adds ould pr ow i desi e d t v l gn o rlooked spac esign p ic space alue to sent tha f and the ropo it by s. t the es in safe build sal s prov o orde u ; ing. ho iding tdoor r to The prom uld inc sp new d ote s lude c - is n esign sh ped aces com e o o ot o o stria cial l p verlo uld pro - is c cohe lective s n an ly with o o v d bic pace t sion - is d nnecte ked by ide com ycle he boro s b e a d to s t s esig w m urro u pa frien e en un th n - is g dly p gh's the rt of th reen ed to ta e publi unding al open resid e se ublic c sp deve - acc ke a spac ; mi p e n a d o t e c l o vant s. ublic mm e 2.0 whic pme oda age ; o h n Hou u : t ; t t o es co do o f dir sing 2.1 r ect s llect for a App ive s unlig Dive ropr pace h t ; r i ate d Dev se C s. e ity e high lopmen nsity t pro er th 2.2 po an th Resi e ex sals sho de istin Desi ntial m g de uld pre sent ix g nsity diffe n propo how . rent s the den 3.0 prof al shou sity ld pr iled From of re resid esen 3.1 Stre side t e n h e t o ntia s are Entr t to w th l acc an c e Fron e mi app omm ropr All m x of t Do and odat iate dwe app o a r i n t lling ion i o th 3.2 from the entranc roach s e cit typo e y s Shar p logie cent ed c ublic re to comm s r e a n l ocat ircul alm The d u t n h ion. al at a e mi num x of ber ion with nd clear entranc of d well in build ly ident e lobbie The i i 3 fied ngs main ings All d s, sh .3 a a o evel Car cces nd il vert p sed i lum ps and p 3.5 directly opment inat from All d arking cal conn arkin s sho conn ed. Refu e e a g sh v c s e t i i lo ngle ul on c ec 1.1 p s ould ores core The e and re ted to t d provid arkin pments be v shou desi cycli he c s s e g h h isibl d T o o s pace he c e dic uld n uld c gn s omm encl l n d e g r e a r pa at e d hou s osur o c o u e p n t n iv n e f e l orm al en r dw ot n d pr x r e es an s und k c t n i o 3 e n a r .4 e egat g sh ovid to B age e l l in tran tura ergr d d f o r B u o e e iv ce lo s l ligh g. ur p oun icyc 4.0 lg a r er flo d lev fuse sto comm le st ely affe uld be o bby pace for i an p t and Dwe u orag . re s s ct th el. r or. bicy olicy adeq lling e h o u na l r e f u 4.1 e us ganised cles o u S n a s l e p d be e max at th t e ve indo Dive ace an d imu acce and rec e gr o Stan n rsity a r t p s i l p m a oun on a y ssib eara tion Floo dard i car p d le v le to cling co g . nc e r pla n floor p s arkin el all re o f o r ou n d o ntai g pr pen ners 4.2 be able ns shou lans s r i u d o n e visio spac ; com ld pr to sa de r g nts a Flex n of es. es tis roun nd lo m ib d lev cate unal bi Dwe ility and fy a ran ent dive n g d in el so r l the alter ling plan adaptab e of diff sity in p i t d oes la eren n 6.0 tran ative fu s should ility t ho n l a y o u useh sform Sust t a nd rnitu dem d o a r 6 o i l e o s i n d n .1 n i o g th ze o a s. abil 4.3 rs Envi e sp rrange strate th f the ity Livin . ro m ace dwe g/d thro ents in at dwe The nment lling The ining l u l al pe b in l gh r iving s wh uildi g main t / rform r o y each ich s ki ng s p tatin a 6.2 ho u g, sl reas an es prov 4.4 so it can living a tchen Hea a level hould b ance ld ide f iding d op rea w be d Bed o t i f e n e e dev lex tio ro and ivide h T h e ng elo rgy e fold ns for s ibility b d at ich incl The oms desi able fficie ped ac epar y all ude leas min g cont cord s livi o part t in t imu a ncy. rolle n propo m ar ng r ing t ition ting an wing fo 4.5 double w 6 o .3 sal s d ind o inde d ea or r o su w al l Bath Ove ho u i pen om kitc stain v s i , room twin be of a sin d r l f h d ually urni d h e i able e e a n g d Dwe n t n c l D s r t i t roo orpo ng ure and b e desi y s lling and W oom sh e bedro i t g or he u ms a rate dinin n gn p p one Cs s de o o s r sers m sh uld b opo umm l nd b o g rinci w sign add 6 s . hou .4 sal s tem ould e ab e aro e ples i e r t n i d m l h W u o pera d be le to o mbe na l W with be a o und a and 4.6 u n t l e t d pr ture hs. r big e roun host r of b tw o 12 s shou C. D Stor e A sy heat s n qm d e bed g well athr o ld n age u 8 u s t ests ing s t sq m gh . h room e ings oom o m and Ever w . shou for r yste . The t with s. s pro h utilit y dw 6 e .5 mw ainw ld en d m e mor v y utilit s ellin i i ign o nim Mat hich a sure e be de a m g y um er ca n f dw a low ter harv droo in inde dedica should area be The ials ellin er co esting ms s imum t pen of a resid g 4.7 s of o hou n den ed spac be prov a w s nd s imp u e i l ne b l n m ld pr t sto e . De ided a St ud t e ia v t acts orag o o l a t hr i ovid r age d f d y an pen with e t over over ap w v e o e th d spac d Dwe heat thei elopme ater should e co om with e an ing on t long-ter lling work r life ing d per rresp WC das he s m an cycle nt shoul hou be incor urin a o 4.8 work fro plans s i e n z n d s p e of d us d pora ding g eho arat a s ho u h n mh Priva o d e t ld. rt-te he d ted e ut l s ld d e o om e u w s te o in t h ility tain -ma rm s welli m on . pen Ever a r i e de tora nten oom ng t b l strat e spac y dw ge sign ma here ance . e th e conn e whic shou space faca terials w at al ecte lling sho h de m 5.0 ld be and a l ho m ith lo d to uld h a Hom a e t w t e s t he m rials leas e ave are p r e as e 5.1 nvir t on . acce a r i o n a v o e livin Plac ided Priva nme g sp ss to a p e of ntal with c ace. rivat Retr Desi y adeq e ou eat gn p u a tdoo te sp prov ropo r spa ace ided sals to ce. T 5.2 street an with an should his s pace d ot adeq demo Dua her p l asp n u s s h a t o t rate e le uld b e ublic All t he d ct e dir spac vel of p how h w e c t ly abit es. rivac 5.3 dwelling ellings a b y l e roo in re shou s sho Day latio m light ld ha uld b s w n to and All h ve a e av neig ithin ea t lea s o o hbo c st do the mes sh unlight ided. urin h d w e l l day. ould uble g pr L T he p orie ope ing are size iving ar rovide n rty a t a tion eas a of th for d priv nd t and acy. e wi i n he sing ndo d kitch rect sun le as ws s en d l i g h pect hou t i n t o i n ld be en g nort h fac a ba spaces s ter at le lanc ing e be hould p ast one hab refe t we e itab n hig rably l er re h da yligh ceive d oom for ir p t pe netr ect sunl art of atio n an ight. d
HOUSING DESIGN GUIDELINES
• Shaping Good Places
• Housing for a Diverse City • From Street to Front Door
• Dwelling Space Standards
• Home as a Place of Retreat • Sustainability
ARCHITECTURAL BRIEF
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• Site details • Outdoor spaces • Occupants • Space Requirements and Relationships • Design Objectives • Lifestyle • Environmental Sustainability
Sofia City centre Site location
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2.0.
URBAN CONCEPT
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LOCATION OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD IN SOFIA
SITE LOCATION
CITY CENTRE
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THE NEIGHBOURHOOD
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VISUAL CONNECTIONS OF THE AREA
THE B
OULE
VARD
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VISUAL CONNECTIONS OF THE AREA
THE S
TREET
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VISUAL CONNECTIONS OF THE AREA
THE C OMM
ERCIA
L PLIN
TH
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VISUAL CONNECTIONS OF THE AREA THE S
CHOO
L
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MAP OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD
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AGE OF THE BUILDINGS
1900 - 1920 1920 - 1930 1960 - 1970 After 2000
still in construction Site location
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BUILDINGS TO BE PRESERVED
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CLOSED BLOCK SYSTEM
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NEIGHBOURHOOD NEW STRUCTURE
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NEW GREEN SYSTEM
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NEW GREEN PEDESTRIAN GRID
RAISED DECK - LOCATION
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elevator
stairs
toilet
CITY CONTEXT
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VIEW FROM THE WEST END elevator
stairs
VIEW FROM toiletTHE EAST END
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REFERENCE ATMOSPHERE
The High Line, New York
URBAN CONCEPT CLOSED BLOCK WHY?
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current FSI = 0,76
project FSI = 3,12
•
chaotic building development of single family units
•
perimeter block development
•
perimeter block development
•
small private outdoor spaces
•
big semi-private courtyard
•
voids creating different views and connections
•
low density living
•
good social interaction between the people
•
big semi-public courtyard
•
big private outdoor spaces in the voids
•
good social interaction between the people
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3.0.
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAM
CURRENT SITUATION
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empty plot empty building
apartment building
single family house
auxiliary building
-1-2-
Silhouette street view -2-
Silhouette street view -1-
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1st STEP - DEMOLITION good location in the centre of the city nice view to the mountain from south
noisy and busy boulevard which separates the city in two parts no green space not enough parking space too many small plots
D
U BO
L
AR V E
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UNDERGROUND LEVEL - PARKING
Enough parking places for the residents
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GROUND LEVEL - PARKING + COMMERCE
Enough parking places for residents and guests
Commercial plinth preserving the existing atmosphere of the neighbourhood
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PUBLIC PEDESTRIAN DECK & COLLECTIVE SPACES
Promotion of slow traffic - pedestrian & bicycle friendly raised deck zone Semi-private courtyard adding “sun, air and greenery”
Promotion of communal way of living - collective spaces in the semi private GREEN courtyard
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CLOSED RESIDENTIAL BLOCK
Closed residential block with voids creating big private outdoor spaces
Parts of the volume are pushed in to create a “shifting” effect
GROUND LEVEL
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120 parking places shops entrance space bike storage technical room
Parking spaces Bicycle storage spaces
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UNDERGROUND LEVEL
Garbage shafts Domestic waste system for easy recycling Rainwater storage & harvest
Parking spaces Extra storage space
FIRST RESIDENTIAL LEVEL
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dwellings entrance space private outdoor space semi public courtyard
SECOND RESIDENTIAL LEVEL
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dwellings entrance space private outdoor space
Big private outdoor spaces Diverse dwelling types
THIRD RESIDENTIAL LEVEL
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dwellings entrance space private outdoor space
FORTH RESIDENTIAL LEVEL
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dwellings entrance space private outdoor space
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BUILDING BLOCKS
BLOCK TYPE -1-
BLOCK TYPE -2-
BLOCK TYPE -3-
BLOCK TYPE -4-
BLOCK TYPE -5-
BLOCK TYPE -6-
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BLOCKS TYPOLOGIES
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28 DWELLING TYPES
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BLOCK #1 - apartment layout
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BLOCK #1 - apartment layout features
Large main living area
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BLOCK #1 - apartment layout features
Large main living area Double height spaces
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BLOCK #1 - apartment layout features
Large main living area Double height spaces Separate working space
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BLOCK #1 - apartment layout features
Large main living area Double height spaces Separate working space Storage & utility space
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BLOCK #2 - apartment layout
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TYPES OF OUTDOOR SPACES
type 3: shared between 3 apartments
type 1: shared between 4 apartments
Large main living area Double height spaces Separate working space Storage & utility space Extra big outdoor space
type 2: shared between 4 apartments
type 4: shared between 3 apartments
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PRIVATE OUTDOOR SPACES REFERENCE
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FIXED LAYOUT OF THE OUTDOOR SPACE
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OPTIONAL DESIGN OF THE OUTDOOR SPACE
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SECTION
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EAST & WEST FACADE
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CHOICE OF THE MATERIALS
vertical oak cladding for the residential levels *oak is a common wood type in Bulgaria
horizontal oak cladding white-wash colored for the "inside corner"
granite stone for the commercial plinth level *locally produced
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FACADES
semi public
green buffer zone
private outdoor space
private space
67 | 99
COURTYARD REFERENCES
68 | 99
SEMI PUBLIC COURTYARD pedestrian connection
visible connection
visible connection
pedestrian connection
69 | 99
COURTYARD LAYOUT OPTION
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COURTYARD LAYOUT OPTION
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COURTYARD COLLECTIVE SPACES
5 small scale pavillions accomodating different functions day-care centre cafe meeting space for the residents sport facilities etc
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COLLECTIVE SPACES - PAVILIONS
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4.0.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
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STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING
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CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDING
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CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDING
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CONCRETE IN SITU PRECAST CONCRETE
STEEL
TIMBER
sources: 1. Dr. Ir. Michiel Haas, Nibe's Basiswerk. Milieuclassificaties Bouwproducten. NIBE Research bv 2. Spierings, T.G.M., van Amerongen, R.Ph., Millekamp, H. (2004). Jellema 3. Draagstructur 3. ir. J.M. Gerrits, Draagconstructies Basis, TU Delft, Faculteit Bouwkunde 2008
CHOICE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Hidden Environmental Cost
Size
--
--
--++
Fire safety
Thermal mass
Thermal conductivity (lower is better)
Construction speed
Weight
++
++
-
--
o
++
+
-
++
--
-
--
+
concrete main core
+
o
++
Moisture protection
Maintanance
General practice (for Sofia BG)
--
+
+
++
+
-
++
++
o
++
+
--
--
o
++
--
-
--
++
glue laminated columns and beams
Additional comments
No preparation time required
Acoustic, hydroscopic and thermal qualities
LIGNATUR cross laminated hollow wooden floor panels
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COLUMNS
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BEAMS
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FLOOR PANELS SECOND LEVEL
CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS
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Floor panels
Interior beams
Exterior beams
Fixed floor layout elements: main concrete core columns beams floors vertical shafts
Columns
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DISTRIBUTION OF THE DETAILS
DETAIL -7-
DETAIL -6-
DETAIL -5-
DETAIL -4DETAIL -9DETAIL -10DETAIL -2-
DETAIL -3DETAIL -1-
DETAIL -8-
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DETAILS
SOUND INSULATION
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Sound insulation regulations for residential buildings Rw (dB) Lnw (dB) > or = < or = 1. Floor 2. Walls (between dwellings) 3. Walls (interior)
54 53 40
53
Floor panel detail (Lignatur floor panel system)
Walls detail (wooden stud wall system) * dwellings separating wall plasterboard 12.5mm
wood chipboard 28mm
void
Isover EP2, 20mm
plywood 18mm
LKE 200 with fill 90kg/m²
Rw 155 kg/m²
74dB
* interior wall plasterboard 12.5mm insulation
Rw 61dB Lnw 52dB
plywood 12mm
Rw
40dB
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5.0.
CLIMATE DESIGN
MINERAL WATER SPRING
92 | 99
ТАБЛИЦА 2 ОСНОВНИ ДАННИ ЗА НАХОДИЩАТА НА МИНЕРАЛНИ ВОДИ А. НАХОДИЩА В СКАЛНАТА ПОДЛОЖКА НА СОФИЙСКИЯ ГРАБЕН Код
A.6
A.1 B.2
A.17 B.1
A.4
A.16 A.5 A.15 A.12
A.8 A.11 A.10
B.3 B.4 B.5
B.9
A.7
A.2
B.11 A.13
A.9
A.14
B.6
B.7 A.3 B.8
B.12
A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 A.7 A.8 A.9 A.10 A.11 A.12 A.13 A.14 A.15 A.16 A.17
Геол. индекс T1 Т1-2 Т1-2 Т1-2 Т1-2 J3 K2 K2 K2 K2 K2 K2 K2 K2 K2 K2 K2
NAME OF THE SPRING
Име на находището
Доброславци София – Овча купел Казичене – Равно поле (дълбоко) Требич Илиянци Костинброд София – Център София – Баталова воденица София – Лозенец (дълбоко) София – Княжево София – Горна баня Банкя София – плаж Република София – 4-ти км София – Надежда София – Свобода Костинброд – Пролеша
FLOW RATE TEMPERATURE
Дебит, l/s 0.40 4.50 13.00 0.50 0.30 80.00 20.00 11.60 15.00 7.42 7.48 31.00 3.64 5.86 6.94 7.20 7.10
Температура, °С 39 – 40 32 81 51 47 25 - 31 46 44 35 – 48 21 – 32 33 – 42 23 – 38 39 35 53 – 54 51 21
Минерализация, g/l 1.36 1.00 – 1.30 0.83 – 0.88 3.84 4.14 – 4.60 0.52 0.28 – 0.33 0.27 0.27 – 0.34 0.11 – 0.16 0.12 – 0.17 0.26 – 0.30 0.33 0.34 1.60 – 1.64 1.91 0.61
Хим н H SO4HCO HCO H HC HC HC HC HC HC HC HC HC HC HC H
B. НАХОДИЩА В СЕДИМЕНТНАТА ПОКРИВКА НА СОФИЙСКИЯ ГРАБЕН Код B.1 B.2 B.3 B.4 B.5 B.6 B.7 B.8 B.9 B.10 B.11 B.12
Геол. индекс N1 N1 N1 N1 N1 N1 N1 N1 N1 N2 N2 N2
Име на находището Мрамор Нови искър Гниляне Световрачене Чепинци Горни богров Долни Богров (долно) Казичене – Равно поле (плитко) Биримирци София – Лозенец (плитко) Долни Богров (горно) Равно поле – гара Верила
Дебит, l/s 1.56 1.25 0.80 5.00 5.14 1.14 0.90 5.60 0.10 3.00 6.80 11.10
Температура, °С 43 36 – 40 40 45 50 44 49 36 – 65 30 34 24 21
Минерализация, g/l 3.52 3.38 3.17 1.19 3.38 1.33 3.28 0.27 – 0.79 2.41 0.29 0.94 0.32
Хим н H H H H HC H HC H H HC HC HC
Дебит, l/s 14.70 9.50
Температура, °С 39 – 49 22 – 32
Минерализация, g/l 0.39 – 0.50 0.26 – 0.34
Хим н HC HC
С. НАХОДИЩА В ОГРАДНИТЕ СКАЛНИ МАСИВИ Код C.1 C.2
Геол. индекс T2-3 K2
Име на находището София – Панчарево София – Железница
MINERAL WATER SPRING
93 | 99
construction site hot mineral spring
1,3 km
94 | 99
HEATING SYSTEM
95 | 99
COOLING SYSTEM
Using the floor heating system as a floor cooling in the summer
96 | 99
VENTILATION SYSTEM
Local mechanical ventilation of the indivudual homes
ELECTRICITY
97 | 99
others
5% 4%
cooking cooling (fridge)
2.4
people per household
224 kw/h/per month per household
lighting and small el tools preheating water
8%
50%
10% 23%
2688 kw/h/year per household
1318 kwh/m² solar irradiation in Sofia 18% efficiency monocrystalline PV cells = 237 kwh/year every 1m² PV cell
= 11 m² PV cells per household 144 apartments = 1600m² PV cells [roof surface 5000m²]
heating
98 | 99
GREY WATER MANAGEMENT
To do for P5: - physical models - 3D images - replace the sketches with axonometric schemes
p4 presentation 12 | 12 | 2014
design mentor: Robert Nottrot BT mentor: Ype Cuperus research mentor: Andre Mulder
explore lab 18 Tsveta Ruseva | tsvetaruseva@gmail.com 4257537