ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGY 2

ANALYSIS ON PERDANA CANOPY - LAKE GARDENS BOAT HOUSE

Architect: GDP Architects Sdn. Bhd. Location: Kuala Lumpur Year Completion: 2014 Size: 3,715 sqm Height: 12m Type of structure: MERO PLUS-System Cladding: Aluminium Panels and Laminated Safety Glass Joints: Silicon

BY: FELICIA TU PI LIAN 0326492 ARC71003 Environment and Technology 2

RECIPROCAL FRAME - self-supported three-dimensional structure made of minimum of three rods in a closed circuit formation.

Meaning of Reciprocal 1. a mathematical expression or function so related to another that their product is one 2. Adjective – in return (for example, I helped him and he helped me in return)

Forms of buildings (in plan) using the Reciprocal Frame: Regular Polygonal -Reciprocal Frame members are identical Example: Rice University bamboo canopy - Shigeru Ban

Retrieved from: http://www.ricegallery.org/shigeru-ban/ Retrieved on: 30th October 2016

Circular Plans - Forming a sphere or dome Example: Indian tepee

Retrieved from: http://www.canvashome.com/indian-tipis-and-yurts.html Retrieved on: 30th October 2016

RECIPROCAL FRAME OF PERDANA CANOPY - LAKE GARDENS BOAT HOUSE The reciprocal frame of the Perdana Canopy in the form of regular polygonal with repetitive structure members of steels which are identical in a continuous forms.

The pattern of the reciprocal frame formed by repetitive triangle. This is also means that the structure is rigid as triangular able to transfer force evenly through all the sides.

When external force applied to different shapes:

Rectangular shape changed to prism

The pentagon became distorted

Shape remain unchanged

STRUCTURAL GRID

Primary structure transfer load to column

The whole roof structured in a dimensional grid form by having primary and secondary structure as to transfer load to the column and down to the ground. The secondary structure shorten the distance of the load by forming triangular component and make the structure rigids.

Secondary structure transfer load to primary structure

MERO PLUS-System The MERO Plus System is the structural joining of the canopy. The Perdana Canopy structures uses Tube-Node-System. The tubes are connected together by having nodes. The nodes consist of few brackets to hold the tubes in all direction which provides flexibility in joining. In total, over 1,359 MERO nodes and 3,800 tubes were installed for the whole structure. The glass and aluminium panels are sealed by approx.

6,650 m silicon joints

Retrieved from: http://www.mero.de/images/auss tellungssysteme/download/r8plus /D1005_r8_s_und_f_tech_dok.pdf Retrieved on: 30th October 2016

Node

Tube

SINGLE-LAYERED MONOCOQUE SYSTEM STRUCTURE The concept of monocoque system structures is to form a surface in which inner and outer layers act together as a structural whole. This system carries both tensile and compressive forces within the skin and can be recognised by the absence of a load carrying internal frame. The monocoque system described as similar to the concept of eggshells. The monocoque system in the early days used in aircraft and automobiles such as the race cars.

In this case, the monocoque system somehow related to the reciprocal frame as both described as the unified structures and the load is distributed equally as the structure component rely on each others.

Retrieved from: http://www.factoryfive.com/kits/ project-818/design/ Retrieved on: 30th October 2016

COLUMN SUPPORT The column support of the Perdana Canopy classified into two types:

1. funnel-shaped reinforced concrete column 2. Tree-shaped steel column The funnel-shaped reinforced concrete column is derived from the mathematical of the roof forms and hence it is in a funnel shapes.

There are total of 2 funnel-shaped reinforced concrete column supporting the canopy. The panel became parts of the column and then covered with reinforced concrete.

The Tree-shaped steel column mimicking the tall trees surrounding the canopy as to camouflage with the surrounding nature by replicating the trees component. The column joint to the panels by having the nodes.

MATERIALS OF PANEL In total, there are 2490 different panels composing the whole canopy. The panels of the roof are made of perforated aluminium, solid aluminium, clear laminated glass and fritted laminated glass placed randomly. The different material of the panels allow the penetration of sufficient sunlight into the space at the same time creating shadows pattern on the floor which makes the space looks more interesting and functional.

fritted laminated glass panels

clear laminated glass panels

perforated aluminium panels

solid aluminium panels

SPECIAL FEATURES / DETAILING EDGE OF ROOF PROFILE Through observation, the ending part of the canopy is being bends downwards.

This is aims to reduce the rainwater from splashing into the covered area.

Instead, the water will follow the profile of the roof, directing the water straight to the ground.

OPENING FOR TREES Through observation, the panel near the opening for the trees is being bends upwards. Contrast from the panel of the edge, the panel aims to block the rainwater to flows directly downwards to the trees as it might causes the trees to die due to flood on the soil.

CONCLUSION

The overall structures made up of small component which links up and forms a connected loops as to transfer load to the main column. This structures using MERO PLUS-System by having the Tube-Node-System to ensure all the panels and frames are well connected. This reciprocal frame concept and monocoque structure system allows the canopy to have a widespan coverage the area of 35,000 sqf, creating a flexible spaces in the Lake Garden, Kuala Lumpur to hold various size of events and accommodate high volume of crowds. Designing of the column in funnel-shaped and tree-shaped to be in harmony with the nature and allows the canopy to blend well with the nature surroundings at the same time being outstanding with the fluid forms. The canopy covered with panels, in few different materials of solid, semi-transparent and transparent, allowing sufficient sunlight into the spaces meanwhile providing shades of the usage of public. Playing with different materials of the panels also creates an interesting spaces with shadow cast on floor when sunlight shines on the panels.

INSPIRATION ON CREATING SHELTER BENDING THE TRIANGULAR The structural frame of the canopy mainly formed by triangular joining in flat although in a continuous loop. For the creation of the shelter as part of the projects, the triangular shapes instead joint in 45 degree and 90 degree as to test out what will the form of the structure creates by this repeating shapes.

DIFFERENCES OF PERDANA CANOPY & SHELTER The main support for Perdana Canopy with column as the main structure support to withstand the self load of the canopy and load of rainwater. For the shelter, the challenges is to allowed the repetitive panel to be able to support each others to hold up the whole shelter which having the panel continuous from top to the floor. The shelter shall be column-free as to provide more free spaces for activities.

USAGE OF MATERIALS

ALUMINIUM PANEL

PERFORATED ALUMINIUM PANEL

JOINING BETWEEN ALUMINIUM PANEL & PERFORATED ALUMINIUM PANEL (T-Slot Joint)

JOINING BETWEEN ALUMINIUM PANEL (Corner Quadrant Joint)

SHELTER MODEL

VIEW FROM FRONT

SHELTER MODEL

VIEW FROM REAR