Master of architecture CULTURE & COMMUNITY DESIGN STUDIO [ARC 70209] Project Brief Formulation And Design Strategies TU PI LIAN (FELICIA) 0326492
TABLE OF CONTENT 1.
Site and Environment Analysis 5.3.1 Sun Path+ Shadow Analysis 5.3.2 Natural daylight study - Movable louvre window 5.3.3 Natural daylight study -Skylight 5.4 Acoustics 5.4.1 External noise solution -Building Set inwards 5.4.2 Internal noise solution - Auditorium (Sound Insulation) 5.5 Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) 5.6 Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV) 5.7 Building Energy Index (BEI) 5.8 Building Efficiency 5.9 Health and Safety 5.10 Costing
1.1 Site Introduction 1.2 Site Context 1.3 Site Surroundings and Views 1.4 Site Issues
2.
Design Response 2.1 Community’s need 2.2 Response to site
3.
Design Narrative
3.1 Conceptual design 3.2 Response to site analysis – Conceptual Massing 6. 4.
Design Strategy 4.1 SWOT Analysis 4.2 Proposed building component & Space breakdown 4.3 Physical Model Design Progress
5.
Final Design 5.1 Architectural Drawings 5.2 Building Construction & Building Materials 5.3 Lighting
3D Perspectives
1.0 Site and Environment Analysis 1.1 Site Introduction Site Description TERENGGANU Terengganu is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia, located by the South China Sea, with a capital city of Kuala Terengganu. Terengganu situated on the trade routes and emerged as one of the earliest Malay state to receive Islamic. Terengganu KEY PLAN is divided into 8 district which is Besut, Dungun, LOCATION PLAN Hulu Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Kemaman, Marang and Setiu. The total population of the Inner city is 1,153,500. KAMPUNG CINA, KUALA TERENGGANU Kampung Cina, one of the Chinatown with the early presence of Chinese settlers located in Kuala Terengganu at the river mouth of Terengganu River. It is a small town but rich with Peranakan culture by having colourful shophouse along the streets. The site is located along Jalan Kampung Cina located right at the point where Jalan Kampung Tiong merged with Jalan Kampung Cina. The front view from the site are the colourful shophouses, showing the traditional faces of Kuala Terengganu; while the rear view looking at the Pulau Warisan, aman made sand island built by the local authority as to deepen the sea.
1.2 Site Context
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
WIND ROSE DIAGRAM
The site does not have the direct facing of west and east, front faรงade of the building facing Southeast while the rear faรงade facing Northwest . Thus, the building does not exposed to sun entirely.
The wind rose diagram shows that the winds from NNE and SSE are most common compare to the wind blow from other direction.
1.2 Site Context
FUNCTION OF SURROUNDING BUILDING The location of the site has been equipped with the basic amenities such as commercial shop lots, hotel, temple and a church. Most of the surrounding buildings function as commercial and F&B business are blooming. The adjacent building on the right side is a commercial electrical shop, and the left side is the F&B, Madam Bee’s Kitchen.
SURROUNDING GREENERY
The greenery mostly located only along Jalan Pulau Warisan. There are a significant tree located at Jalan Kampung Tiong. It can be seen that the greenery around the site is limited.
1.2 Site Surroundings and Views
Pulau Warisan
Jalan Kampung Cina
Ho Ann Kiong Temple Jalan Pulau Warisan
Jalan Kampung Cina
SITE
Jalan Kampung Tiong
1.2 Site Surroundings and Views
View from site to Jalan Kampung Tiong
View from site to Jalan Pulau Warisan
1.3 Site Issues
There are no public spaces along Jalan Kg.Cina to serve the community for social activities, meet up spaces, places as a rest station for seating and waiting. There are not many greenery around the site caused the area to be hot and lack of shading.
Lack of Public Spaces and Greenery
Kg.Cina turns into a tourist attraction after the efforts of the community to promote Peranakan Festival and as a transit town for tourist travel to Pulau Redang. Although Kg.Cina attracted many local and international tourist, there are no public amenities provided.
Lack of Public Amenities for tourist
The non-continuous of the five foot way infront of the shophouses caused the place to be non-pedestrian friendly as the pedestrian sometimes have to walk on the main road .The long continuous stretch of shophouses with only few alleys caused the accessibility of the pedestrian to be not flexible from Jalan Kg.Cina to Jalan Pulau Warisan and vice versa.
Non- Pedestrian Friendly
2.0 Design Response 2.1 Community Needs
Social Studies – Interview with the residence and community Purpose: Identify and understand the community’s need currently and for future development as tourist attraction location.
Current needs of the Community - Peranakan
Architect’s Proposal
The Peranakan culture in Kuala Terengganu currently facing extinction, hence the community required a place for cultural promotion. The residence are mainly elderly and able to promote their culture by selling or teaching the traditional skills meanwhile earn side income to support their living. The community also required a place for social activity to have their communities meeting, and events.
Community centre with : Life Long Learning Centre Kiosk Exhibition Gallery Multipurpose Hall / Auditorium
Future Development - Tourist As a transit town and rich in Peranakan culture, Kuala Terengganu becoming popular as a tourist attraction for local and international visitor. Hence, the community request to have public amenities especially for the tourist.
Community centre with : - Visitor Interpretive Centre - Public spaces as a rest station
2.2 Respond to Site 1.
Respond to the surrounding building’s height
As to have the continuity of the whole strip of the old shophouses, only 2 storey of the building is visible from the street level. Second floor and third floor design to set inwards as to be hidden. 2.
Respond to the temporal activity
As to promote the Peranakan culture, the community had make an effort on organizing the Peranakan festival. The front side of the building design to have a stairs which serve as a public space for the public as a gathering point and seating during the Peranakan Festival.
Venue to held Peranakan Festival
3.0 Design Narrative 3.1 Conceptual Design – Design Statement
The Inclined Alley -
a centre for the appreciation of Peranakan culture
The alleys of Kampung Cina, Kuala Terengganu, are well near the strongest attraction on offer to any visitor. As an architectural typology they are perhaps the single collective element that distinguishes Jalan Kampung Cina and its buildings as an unique Peranakan place. The alleys establish the character of Kampung Cina. I was impressed by the way the Peranakan community use these narrow spaces for the public exhibition of their history and culture. Taking this cue I used the idea of the ramp as the generator of space and form in my proposed Peranakan centre. I see the ramp as an extension of the grounded alleys into the vertical dimension in a smooth continuous flow. The ramp also as enactment of the evolution of Peranakan, from the original adulterate to hybridization and come to the present dilution of the culture. The Peranakan centre is programmed to meet the need of the community for a facility to frequently showcase their culture, and this reaches a highpoint in the Peranakan Festival which is held twice a year. An auditorium, encircled by a continuous ramp, serves this function – as well as the regular need for meeting places. The ramp itself is an inclined platform for exhibiting cultural artefacts and for selling local arts and crafts by commercial kiosks along the journey. This composition is an allusion to the pressing need to restore, promote and sustain Peranakan culture as the core of the challenges facing the community. Interior spaces are off the rectilinear to evoke the movement of Peranakan dance. On the side facing Jalan Kampung Cina (the main thoroughfare) steps stretch across almost the entire width of the building lot to anchor the Centre into the circulation network of this heritage town. The steps conjoin themselves to the square at the side of Ho Ann Kiong Temple to reinforce this public space as the main (and only) civic gathering place of the local community.
3.1 Conceptual Design – Diagram The ramp, representing the timeline of the Peranakan culture, as an enactment of the evolution of the culture, from the original adulterate to hybridization and come to the present dilution of the culture. The timeline connects the contrast between the past which is interpreting the historical context with the present. Same as the site which having a traditional faces along Jalan Kampung Cina and modern architecture on Jalan Pulau Warisan. The building serving as a connectivity to reconnect Jalan Kampung Cina and Jalan Pulau Warisan.
The bended alleys turn into concept of ramp (exhibition gallery)
Alleys at Kampung Cina: Payang Memory Lane, Eco Lane, Turtle Alley
3.2 Response to site analysis - Conceptual Massing
Proposed 4 storey building
Detached from the adjacent shophouses and stagger each of the floors.
Set inwards for the continuity of five-foot way
Separated the building into 3 portion and categorized spaces into ‘Core with Circulation, Supportive Spaces and Interlude Spaces.
Porosity at Ground Floor for diffusion and connects both Jalan Kg Cina and Jalan Pulau Warisan
Spaces connected vertically with core and the circulation
4.0 Design Strategy 4.1 SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS - easily accessible through main streets and roads - vibrant street atmosphere especially in the morning - diverse culture along the street - fusion culture
OPPORTUNITIES - Traditional businesses - Job opportunities for the younger generation - Retirement accommodation - Homestay - Cultural Study - Tourist Destination - Cultural Promotion
WEAKNESSES - not disabled friendly - lack of natural shading/greenery - poor drainage - bad traffic circulation - lack of friendly public spaces which are well designed - lack of public amenities - lack of carpark - unsafe during night time THREATS - poor traffic management/ no traffic alternative as Jln Kg. Cina is one way road - street does not has a sufficient lightings which creates insecurity to the pedestrian - lack of job opportunities for the local community - demolition of building facade - dying of Peranakan culture
4.2 Proposed building component & Space breakdown CORE The auditorium selected to be the centre core in the building as it is the main programme on promoting Peranakan culture with the Peranakan dances. The Peranakan dances are the main attraction during the Peranakan festival. CIRCULATION The circulation of the building form by ramp which contain the exhibition gallery. The ramp idea inspired by the alleys at Kg. Cina. The alleys establish the character of Kg. Cina and are the popular tourist attraction.
The space of the building categorized into 4 component: 1. Core – Auditorium 2. Circulation – Exhibition Gallery Ramp
3. Supportive Spaces – Learning Spaces - Life Long Learning Centre - Artistic Movement Studio 4. Interlude Spaces - Lettable Retail - Kiosk - Cafe
SUPPORTIVE SPACES The supportive spaces are those spaces which provide a detail form of comprehend on Peranakan culture. As to have a broad knowledge on the culture, there are 2 type of learning spaces design to be as part of the programme. One of it is the life long learning centre to have workshop such as art and craft, and culinary learning; Another one will be the artistic movement studio for learning of drama and Peranakan dances. INTERLUDE SPACES As the journey of appreciating the Peranakan culture might be too excessive, interlude spaces act as a buffer or break spaces to let the visitor to take a rest before continuing the journey. The interlude spaces included the lettable retail, kiosk and café. The lettable spaces are to ensure the community centre able to be self sustain, the kiosk mainly selling the Peranakan craft by the elderly Peranakan residence for earning income to support their living. The café will be mainly serving Peranakan food and the kuih to let the visitor to feel the culture with their senses.
4.3 Physical Model Design Progress
1.
4.
2.
3.
4.3 Physical Model Design Progress
5.
6.
7.
5.0 Final Design 5.1 Architectural Drawings
SITE PLAN AND GROUND FLOOR PLAN
SOUTHEAST ELEVATION (FRONT ELEVATION)
NORTHWEST ELEVATION (REAR ELEVATION)
NORTHEAST ELEVATION (RIGHT ELEVATION)
SOUTHWEST ELEVATION (LEFT ELEVATION)
SECTION X-X
SECTION Y-Y
5.2 Building Construction & Building Materials
Sectional Details showing the construction and joining from the roof to the foundation of the building.
5.2 Building Construction & Building Materials – Movable Louvres Window
The movable louvres will adjust based on the amount of sunlight required in the space. The movable louvres act as a shading device to reduce the heat gain by the glass panel which is located at the North West façade of the building.
Material
U- Value (W/m2)
150mm concrete beam
0.69
12mm thick fixed panel (Solarban® 70XL Insulating Glass Unit)
0.24
Aluminium louvres painted with wooden grain colour (DEXONE® Aerofoil Aluminium vertical louvers panel)
0.0045
5.2 Building Construction & Building Materials – Green Roof The extensive type of green roof located at the roof top which having shallow soil of 70mm. Using the lightest weight of green roof as to reduce the loading on the roof. The calculation of U-value for green roof is ignored as the insulation of soil various depending on the water content.
Material
U- Value (W/m2)
150mm concrete beam
0.69
130mmThermal Insulation (Polyfoam ECO Roofboard)
0.25
5.2 Building Construction & Building Materials - Skylight
As the wall of the ramp located at first floor constructed to be attached to the adjacent shophouse party wall, it requires skylight as to allow sunlight penetrates into the building. The skylight is a fixed panel with Peranakan tiles pattern. The design of the skylight to be as such to form shadow of the Peranakan motif on the floor when sunlight penetrates into the building.
Material 15mm glazing (High performance
U- Value (W/m2) 3.30
laminated double glazing with metal frame)
130mm x 50mm red bricks
0.87
10mm lightweight plaster
2.17
150mm thick concrete beam
0.25
5.3 Lighting 5.3.1 Sun Path+ Shadow Analysis The analysis on sun path and shadow of the site aim to identify the shades of the adjacent building which able to benefits the site on temperature control and human comfort. As the month of June would be occur to be having highest temperature throughout the whole year, thus the date was chosen for the analysis. As the highest building around the site occurred to be only 4 floor height, there are not much shadow provided by the adjacent building which caused the site to be relative in higher temperature. The rear side of the building have some greenery in providing shading, but the amount of the greenery are minimal which does not provide sufficient shading to lower down the temperature of the site.
Month of June
8am – 12pm
Month of June
12pm – 6pm
5.3.2 Natural daylight study – Movable Louvre Window
The movable louvres allowed the user to control the amount of sunlight to be accessible into the building. The louvres meanwhile helps to control the excessive glare which will caused the heat gain into the building as the glass having a slightly higher U- value than other materials.
Sunlight when louvres totally in open state
Sunlight when louvres slightly closed blocking the direct sun shine directly on the glass
5.3.3 Natural daylight study -Skylight As to allow nature lighting to the exhibition gallery (ramp) which is attached with the adjacent shophouse party wall, skylight is installed as to reduces the usage of artificial lighting. The adjacent party wall and the roof extension above provide shading and hence only certain time the sunlight will directly shine on the skylight. This reduces the heat gain into the building from the roof.
5.4 Acoustics 5.4.1 External noise solution – Building Set inwards
Jalan Pulau Warisan
Jalan Kampung Cina
The main source of noise are from Jalan Kampung Cina as it is a busy road with vehicle passing by especially during morning 8.00am9.30am and evening 5.00pm – 8.0pm. As the shophouse having the front façade facing straight to the road with only 5 meter distance, the noise transmit into the building easily. As to solve the issue, the proposed building design to be away from the streets. The spaces are being set in to increase the distance from Jalan Kampung Cina to reduce the disruption due to the outdoor noise.
5.4.2 Internal noise solution - Auditorium (Sound Insulation) The auditorium required acoustic design and sound insulation is an important element to be considered to treat the reverberation and echo in the space. Element to be considered: • Wall To insulate the sound bounce back by the wall, the wall fixed with 50mm thick Fabric Wrapped Acoustical Wall Panels. This panel is formed by high density glass fibre with acoustic transparent fabric. • Ceiling Installation of ceiling reflectors (clouds) which function as sounds reflector, reflecting the sound from stage to the audience at seating areas.
5.5 Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)
South East Facade
North West Facade
Windows Area = 0 m2
Windows Area = 6.90 + 11.66 x 3 + 10.24 + 10.11 + 10.05 = 72.28 m2
Gross Walls Area = 0m2
Gross Walls Area = 262.99 m2
North East Facade Windows Area = (6.80 x 4) + (1.3 x 4) = 32.40 m2
Gross Walls Area = 228.55m2
South West Facade Windows Area = (2.35 x 5) + 2.00 + (3.27 x 2) + 2.85 + 0.9 = 24.04 m2 Gross Walls Area = 290.26 m2
Northwest & Northeast & Southwest & Southeast Wall
1) 2) 3)
Materials Brickwork Lightweight Plaster (10mm) Inside Surface Total:
Thickness (m) 0.15
Thermal Conductivity (W/mC) 0.806
0.01 n/a
0.16 n/a
Faรงade Elevation Area, A (m2) Heat Conductance Through Walls (Qc)
RTTV
The Total OTTV value = 38.5 + 9.1 = 47.6 kw/m2
981
Resistance (m2C/ W) 0.3/ 0.806 0.18610422 0.01 / 0.16 0.123
0.0625 0.123 0.372
U-value = 1/ Total Resistance = 1/ 0.3472 = 2.69
Thermal Window Solar Window to Orientation U-Value, Shading Transfer Area, W Constant Absorption wall ratio, 1 - WWR Correction A x OTTV U (W/m2) Coeff, SC Value, (m2) Factor, a WWR Factor,CF OTTV 94.41
0.10
0.90
9.1
8927.1
5.5 Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) - Analysis
The are several factors that affecting OTTV in building:
OTTV 60 50
47.6 W/m2
MS1525
40 30 20 10 0 Proposed Building
According to MS1525, the overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) is designed for air-conditioned buildings that should not exceed 50W/m2. The Peranakan Community Centre achieved 47.6W/m2 which is still considered an energy efficient building envelope that can sustain throughout the day and night as it does not exceed the value of MS 1525.
a. Building orientation The building doesn’t have the direct facing of west and east, front façade of the building facing Southeast. Hence, the exterior walls of the building aren’t exposed to sun entirely. The overall heat gain is relatively lower. Besides, it does not have heat gain on the front façade as most of the building being set in. b. Fenestration The OTTV value almost exceed the requirement value, one of the reason is due to having quite large surface of glass façade at the North-West, facing the sea view where heat gain through the glass.
5.6 Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV)
Gross Area of Roof, Ao= 1075.41m2 Opaque Area, Ar = 981.00m2 Skylight Area, As = 94.41m2 Shading Coefficient of Fenestration, SC Shading Coefficient (Roof Overhang) = 1200mm (Projection) /2450mm (Window Heights) = 0.5
Shading Coefficient (Louvres) = 200mm (Projection) / 2500 = 0.08 Total Shading Coefficient = (0.5 x 3)(0.08) = 0.12
5.6 Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV)
Materials
Thermal Conductivity (W/mC)
Thickness (m)
Resistance (m2C/ W)
1)
Outside Surface
n/a
n/a
0.055
0.055
2)
Cement Screed
0.05
0.41
0.05/0.41
0.12195122
3)
Waterproof membrance 0.001
0.23
0.15 / 0.4
0.00434783
4)
R.C Slab
0.15
2.3
0.15/2.3
0.06521739
5)
Inside Surface
n/a
n/a
0.123
0.123
Total:
U-value = 1/ Total Resistance = 1/0.37 = 2.71
TDeq = 32.6 C (305.75 K) – 29.3 C (302.45 K) = 3.3 C (33 K) 0.370
Skylight Type of skylight: VELUX Flat Roof Skylight Type of glazing: High performance laminated double glazing with metal frame U-Value = 3.3 Elements
Opaque Area, Ar Thermal Transmission (Opaque area),Ur Temperature Difference (K) , TDeq Skylight Area, As Thermal Transmission (Skylight Area) ,Us Temperature Difference, T Shading Coefficients of Fenestration, SC Solar Correction factor, CF Solar Factor, SF (SF = 323 x CF) Gross Area of Roof, Ao
981 2.71 3.3 94.41 3.3 3.3 0.12 1.01 323 1075.41
The RTTV Value = (Ar x Ur x TDeq) + (As x Us x T) + (As x SC x SF) / Ao = (981 x 2.71 x 3.3) + (94.41 x 3.3 x 3.3) + (981 x 0.15 x 1.01) / 1075.41 = 9.1 W/m2
5.6 Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV) - Analysis
The are several factors that affecting RTTV in building:
RTTV 25
MS 1525
20
15 10
9.1 kW/m2
5 0 Proposed Building Preliminary design According to MS1525, the maximum thermal transfer value (RTTV) is 25 W/m2. The aim of RTTV is to identify how much heat absorb through the roof and skylight. The RTTV for the building is 9.1kW/m2 The RTTV achieved is lower than the maximum requirement of 25W/m2. The RTTV for the building considered very minimum.
Proposed Building
a. Building Materials The main material for the roof is RC flat roof. The heat gain through roof by the skylight as having glass. Glass have a higher U-value than RC flat roof. The larger the are of the skylight, the RTTTV value will also increases.
5.7 Building Energy Index (BEI)
Ground Floor Plan Visitor Interpretive Centre : 260m2 Management Office: 75.67m2 Souvenir Shop: 74.15m2 Retail 1: 66.17m2 Retail 2: 67.17m2 Retail 3: 95.62m2 Retail 4: 84.40m2 Mezzanine Floor Plan Retail 1: 39.13m2 Retail 2: 39.38m2 Retail 3: 65.63m2
First Floor Plan Auditorium: 210.60m2 Ticketing/ Information Counter: 40.00m2 Resources Centre: 98.44m2 Toilet: 58.18m2
Second Floor Plan Auditorium: 179.50m2 Peranakan Movement Learning Centre : 301.00m2 Toilet: 52.54m2 Kiosk: 100.00 m2
Third Floor Plan Learning Centre: 213.28m2 Learning Room 1: 17.55m2 Learning Room 2: 17.55m2 Toilet: 52.54m2 Cafe: 106.81 m2
Fourth Floor Plan Roof Garden: 290.10m2 Exhibition Gallery (Ramp): 510.00m2
5.7 Building Energy Index (BEI) Model DAIKIN – VRV Series Wall mounted unit (FXAQ15P)
Capacity, kWh 1.7 kWh/ unit Management Office: 2 Units Souvenir Shop: 2 Units Retail 1: 3 Units Retail 2: 3Units Retail 3: 5 Units Learning Room 1: 1 unit Learning Room 2: 1 unit Total: 17 units 17 units X 1.70kWh = 37.40 kWh
Total Occupied / Net Floor Area :
Management Office: 75.67m2 Souvenir Shop: 74.15m2 Retail 1: 105.30m2 Retail 2: 106.55m2 Retail 3: 161.25m2 Retail 4: 84.40m2 Learning Room 1: 17.55m2 Learning Room 2: 17.55m2 Total = 642.42m2
Building Energy Index (BEI) [kWh/m2/year]
Model DAIKIN – VRV Series Roundflow cassette unit (FXFQ20A)
Capacity, kWh 2.2 kWh/ unit Auditorium: 7 units Peranakan Movement Learning Centre : 6 units Kiosk: 3 units Learning Centre: 5 units CafĂŠ: 3 units Exhibition Gallery: 5 units Total: 29 units 29 units X 2.2kWh = 63.80 kWh
Total Occupied / Net Floor Area :
Building Energy Index (BEI) [kWh/m2/year]
Auditorium: 390.10m2 Peranakan Movement Learning Centre : 301.00m2 Kiosk: 100.00 m2 Learning Centre: 213.28m2 Cafe: 106.81 m2 Exhibition Gallery (Ramp): 255 m2 Total: 1366.19 m2
Model Lighting (Philips- A-Shape LED 432187)
Capacity, kWh 0.015 kWh/ unit Total: 300 units 300 units X 0.015kWh = 4.50 kWh
Total Occupied / Net Floor Area : Ground Floor: 723.18m2 Mezzanine Floor: 144.14 First Floor: 407.22m2 Second Floor: 866.03m2 2A Floor: 100 m2 Third Floor: 300.92 3A Floor: 106.81 Fourth Floor: 800.10
Building Energy Index (BEI) [kWh/m2/year]
Total = 3448.40 m2
Model Appliances / Equipment (Stove, Oven, Coffee machine, Audio System, computer)
Total Occupied / Net Floor Area : Ground Floor: 723.18m2 Mezzanine Floor: 144.14 First Floor: 407.22m2 Second Floor: 866.03m2 2A Floor: 100 m2 Third Floor: 300.92 3A Floor: 106.81 Fourth Floor: 800.10
Capacity, kWh 10.56 kWh/ unit
Building Energy Index (BEI) [kWh/m2/year]
Total = 3448.40 m2 Total BEI = 261.90 + 271.98 + 7.60 + 17.83 = 559.31 kWh/m2/year
Energy Consumption Ratio (%) 24% 64%
12%
Air Conditioning Lighting Appliances Chart of Energy Consumption Ratio based on precedent study of an office building BEI performances in Malaysia BEI (kWh/m2/year) Type of Energy Consumption
1 Year
Air Conditioning
357.96
1Mont h
1Day
Type of Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption Ratio (%)
AirConditioning
0.64
Lighting
0.12
Appliances/ Equipment
0.24
357.96 559.31
Tariff Category Tariff B – Low voltage commercial tariff For the next kWh [201 kWh onwards] per month https://www.tnb.com.my/commercial-industrial/pricingtariff1 Retrieved on 3rd May 2016
67.12 134.23
Total cost per meter square [RM/m2]
182.20 29.83
15.18 0.50
67.12
34.16 5.59
RM 0.509 / kWh 0.18
Appliances
Total BEI (kWh/m2/year )
Total Energy Consumption based on different type of energy used
0.98 Lighting
Total BEI (kWh/m2/ye ar)
2.84 0.10
134.23
68.32
11.19
5.70 0.37
0.20 Electricity Bill
5.7 Building Energy Index (BEI) - Analysis a. Air - Conditioning Based on the Energy Consumption Ratio of the precedent study of an office building BEI performances in Malaysia, usually air-conditioning take up of 64% of the total energy consumption, 12% by the lighting, and 24% by other appliances such as fans, audio system, kitchen appliances, etc. As air-conditioning having the biggest ratio of the energy consumption, the BEI value will mainly affected by the energy consumption of the air conditioning. Although the area required consumption of air-conditioning is higher in proposed building, the BEI value is smaller compared to the preliminary design as having energy saving appliances especially airconditioning.
BEI 1400
1318.65 kW/m2/year
1200 1000 800 600
559.31 kW/m2/year
400 200
MS1525
0 Proposed Building According to MS1525, the Building Energy Index (BEI) is 135 kWh/m²/year. The BEI for the building is 559.31kW/m2/year and it exceeded the BEI value of the MS1525. The are several factors that affecting BEI in building:
5.8 Building Efficiency – Green Roof
Calculation of green roof coverage Percentage of green roof coverage đ??şđ?‘&#x;đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘› đ?‘&#x;đ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘“ đ?‘Žđ?‘&#x;đ?‘’đ?‘Ž
= đ??ľđ?‘˘đ?‘–đ?‘™đ?‘‘đ?‘–đ?‘›đ?‘” đ?‘“đ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘Ąđ?‘?đ?‘&#x;đ?‘–đ?‘›đ?‘Ą đ?‘Žđ?‘&#x;đ?‘’đ?‘Ž x 100% Building footprint area= 1423.70m2
Green roof area= 305.80 m2 Hence, percentage of green roof coverage =
305.80 1423.70
x 100%
= 21.50 % The green roof coverage 21.50% of the building footprint which are effective to reducing heat gain into the building especially during the day time. The extensive green roof proposed to be located at the roof top which having shallow soil of 70mm. This type of green roof is relatively lighter and having low installation and maintenance fees. Green roof not only benefits in reducing heat absorb into the building, it is also efficient on storm water management. The green roof contain vegetation which captured rainwater instead of allowing it to run off straight on the ground surface. Type of planting:
305.80 m2
The plant chosen usually are self-sustain plant, sedum plant low ground cover plant with small thick leaves are suitable for green roof planting as it is not easy to die off
Birds Foot Trefoil (Lotus Corniculatus)
Thrift Plant (Armeria)
Cowslips (Primula Veris)
5.8 Building Efficiency – Ground Floor Green Area Calculation of green on ground
Percentage of green roof coverage = Building footprint area= 1423.70m2
đ?‘”đ?‘&#x;đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘› đ?‘œđ?‘› đ?‘”đ?‘&#x;đ?‘œđ?‘˘đ?‘›đ?‘‘ đ??ľđ?‘˘đ?‘–đ?‘™đ?‘‘đ?‘–đ?‘›đ?‘” đ?‘“đ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘Ąđ?‘?đ?‘&#x;đ?‘–đ?‘›đ?‘Ą đ?‘Žđ?‘&#x;đ?‘’đ?‘Ž
x 100%
Green on ground= 96.53 m2 Hence, percentage of green on ground coverage = = 6.78%
96.53 1423.70
x 100%
5.9 Health and Safety – Seventh Schedule
Escape Provision Computation By-Law 175 - Calculation of occupancy load By Law 176 - Computing storey exit width By Law 177 – Number of staircase and staircase width First Floor: Purpose Group: VII Place of Assembly – Auditorium
Second Floor: Purpose Group: Institutional – Dance Studio Third Floor: Purpose Group: Institutional – Life-Long Learning Centre Floor areas - Level 1 – 916.95sqm - Level 2 – 981.58sqm - Level 3 – 730.80sqm
A B C D E F
Level 1 2 3 Purpose Group/Occupancy Load VII/1.5 II/4.5 II/4.5 Floor Area (m2) 916.95 981.58 730.8 C / B = Occupancy 611.3 218.13 162.4 Exit Capacity Required for Stairs ( D/60 -75) 8.15 3.64 2.71 Minimum Staircase Width (E x 550mm) 4482.87 1999.51 1488.67 Table : Exit width calculation for each floors
5.9 Health and Safety – Fire Escape
• The travel distance to the fire escape stairs for each floors does not exceed 45 meter which fulfilled the By-Law requirement. • The ramp gallery as the corridor have a minimum width of 3 meter and maximum of 6 meter as to provide enough spaces for walk path and exhibition • The staircase having the width of 1.5 meter as fulfilled the By-Law requirement.
5.10 Costing
Construction fees based on Schematic Design:
6.0 3D Perspectives
Building Exterior with site context
Rear View of the Peranakan Community Centre
Exhibition Gallery (Ramp)
Entrance Public Stairs
Visitor Interpretive Centre
Peranakan Artistic Movement Auditorium
First floor exhibition gallery with skylight
6.0 3D Perspectives
Sectional Perspective ( Exhibition Gallery on Ramp)
6.0 3D Perspectives
Sectional Perspective ( Auditorium)