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Vol.4 Issue 1

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development

Impact factor : 2.25

E-ISSN NO:-2349-0721

COORDINATION OF OVERCURRENT RELAYS PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR WIND POWER PLANTS Miss. Monali Yawale _________________________________________________________________________________________

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Wind farms are one of the most indispensable types of sustainable energies which are progressively engaged in smart grids with tenacity

of

predominantly

electrical as

a

power

generation

distribution

generation

system. Thus, rigorous protection of wind power plants is an immensely momentous aspect in electrical power protection engineering which must

be

contemplated

thoroughly

during

designing the wind plants to afford a proper protection for power components in case of fault occurrence. The most commodious and common protection apparatus are overcurrent relays which are responsible for protecting power systems from impending faults. In order to employ a prosperous and proper protection for wind power plants, these relays must be set precisely and wellcoordinated with each other to clear the faults at the system in the shortest possible time. This paper

indicates

how

the

coordination

of

overcurrent relays can be effectively attained for wind power plants in order to protect the power constituents during fault incidence. Through this research

Matlab/Simulink

as

a

powerful

simulation software have been applied to model a wind farm and achieve precise setting for coordination of overcurrent relays.

The ever increasingly air pollution rate and the limitation of fossil fuel sources have led to comprehensive

implementation

of

renewable

energies specifically wind energy. Wind power plants have been vastly employed as the means of power generation in smart grids as a distribution generation (DG) system [1]. Undoubtedly, wind power has come to be mainstay of the energy systems in several countries and is regarded as a reliable and financially reasonable source of electricity. The contribution of wind energy to power generation has reached a considerable share even on the worldwide level. Among many countries that are investing hugely on wind power generation, the top 10 leading nations in total power generation capacity are: China, USA, Germany, Spain, India, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Canada and Portugal[2].

Progressively amplification of grids by wind farms have led to emergence of some significant electrical issues including security, protection, stability, reliability and power quality. Among these issues, protection aspect plays an enormous role which needs a serious attention by researchers.

Although protection of wind farms is a crucial issue that needs a huge attention, wind power plants still implement simple protection schemes which leads to different levels of damages to power components in the plant. Moreover, most of the

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Vol.4 Issue 1

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development researches

conducted

regarding

wind

farm

Author(s): Choi

Yeonho Ok, Jaewon Lee,

protection has been abundantly restricted to

Jaeho

Vol:

41,1/05

Journal:

literatures and methodologies [3 - 5]. Some

Transactions on renewal energy.

IEEE

researchers have been studied the effect of fault on wind plants specially the generators and have investigated the effectiveness of crowbars in protecting

the

wind

turbine

generators

[6].

However an overall protection scheme has yet to come to solve the protection crisis in wind plants.

One of the most important studies of power quality and power system protection in wind plants is providing adequate and continual power to the loads, therefore in order to ensure having perpetual power from wind farms, wind plants must feed grids continually. One way of meeting this phenomena is applying a proper protection in the system that in case of fault, only the section of faulty feeder is disconnected from the system and

To study the above paper, survey is made that,There are several new and renewable energy sources including hydro-, solar-, wind-power generation and etc., but the relay coordination is performed regardless of the characteristics of each new and renewable energy source. In this paper, the pickup and instantaneous current and the time delay of the overcurrent relay (OCR) is reviewed firstly, which was already coordinated for the wind power system. And the problem of frequent operation of OCR coordinated equally regardless of the characteristics of the renewable energy source is analyzed and an alternative is proposed.

2) Title

of

paper:

“Coordination

of

the rest of healthy parts are kept connected to the

Overcurrent Relays Protection Systems for

system. By using overcurrent relays (OCRs) as a

Wind Power Plants”.

protection system and applying an accurate

Date of Publications: 2014 IEEE

coordination in wind plants, not only in case of fault, the power components are protected from

Author(s): Nima Rezaei 1, 2, *;

damages from excessive currents but also continual

Mohammad Lutfi Othman 1, 2; Noor Izzri

power flow is fed to the grid and superb power

Abdul Wahab 1, 2; Hashim Hizam 1, 2.

quality is provided by wind power plants.

Vol: 21

This paper demonstrates how OCRs have been successfully used and properly coordinated in a

Journal:

2014

IEEE

International

Conference Power & Energy (PECON).

wind power plant. The software which has been used is Matlab/Simulink which is known as one of the best simulation software for electrical engineers and researchers. All of the OCRs have been modelled and designed and the accurate settings have been selected to protect the wind plant.

Literature Review

To study the above paper, survey is made that Wind farms are one of the most indispensable types of sustainable energies which are progressively engaged in smart grids with tenacity of electrical power generation predominantly as a distribution generation system. Thus, rigorous protection of

1) Title of paper: “Coordination of Over

wind power plants is an immensely momentous

Current Relay for Sudden Rise of Input

aspect in electrical power protection engineering

Energy in Renewable Power System,”

which must be contemplated thoroughly during designing the wind plants to afford a proper protection for power components in case of fault

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Vol.4 Issue 1

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development occurrence. The most commodious and common

4) Title of paper: “Optimal Coordination of

protection apparatus are overcurrent relays which

Overcurrent Relay for Offshore Wind

are responsible for protecting power systems from

Farm Integrated to Onshore Grid with

impending faults. In order to employ a prosperous

VSC-HVDC”.

and proper protection for wind power plants, these

Auther:- Rehana Perveen, Soumya R Mohanty,

relays must be set precisely and well coordinated

Nand Kishor

with each other to clear the faults at the system in the shortest possible time. This paper indicates how the coordination of overcurrent relays can be

Date

of

Publications:

978-1-4799-6042-

2/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE

effectively attained for wind power plants in order

Journal: North American Electric Reliability

to protect the power constituents during fault

Corporation

incidence. Through this research Matlab/Simulink as a powerful simulation software have been applied to model a wind farm and achieve precise setting for coordination of overcurrent relays.

3) Title of Paper: “Design of frequency control system in a micro-grid containing HVAC”.

To study the above paper, survey is made that, Over current(OC) relay is one of the most commonly used protective relays in the power system.

Coordination of overcurrent relays is a challenging task in the field of offshore wind farm (OWF). A

Author(s): Mohammad Koochakian Jazi , Seyed Masoud Moghaddas Tafreshi

reliable

protection

system

is

needed

for

transmitting large amountof power over long distances. An optimal relay coordination using

Mehdi Jafari.

overcurrent relay is used at four different points in To study the above paper, survey is made that, This paper presents Wind farms are one of the most indispensable types of sustainable energies which are progressively engaged in smart grids with tenacity

of

electrical

power

generation

predominantly as a distribution generation system.

Thus, rigorous protection of wind power plants is an immensely momentous aspect in electrical power protection engineering which must be contemplated thoroughly during designing the wind plants to afford a proper protection for power

the OWF. The optimal coordination of OC relay is carried out by the exploration of different meta heuristic algorithm such as Genetic algorithm (GA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) algorithm.

The

formulation

of

objective

function

is

accomplished by two variables such as time multiplier setting (TMS) and plug setting multiplier (PSM).Thus this multi-objective optimization is explored to minimize the operating time of the associated relay that exists in the ac side of OWF.

components in case of fault occurrence. The most commodious and common protection apparatus are overcurrent relays which are responsible for

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:

protecting power systems from impending faults.

1.

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Stabilization OCR of frequency in Grid.

3

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development 2.

Simulation

of

Overcurrent

Relays

Protection Systems.

3. Simulation of Frequency Disturbances.

Vol.4 Issue 1

Inverse time OCRs based on their sensitivity to the current and time can have several characteristics which is reliant on the application. These OCRs types, according to IEC standard are depicted in

PROJECT

Table 1. Below.

SCHEME/METHODOLOGY

OVERCURRENT RELAY IN Fig. proposed circuit diagram

GENERATOR The main purpose of these OCRs is to protect a

OVERCURRENT RELAY

generator and 690V line. GIPAM2200-DG and

OCRs have the same basic I/O signal

MCB are installed. The pick-up current of

operation as other types of relays. In these relays, if

GIPAM2200-DG is 1.5 times of the rated current

the incoming current is higher than the preset

of generator. While taking the cooperation of

current value, the relay will send out an output

protection with the OCR of transformer, the time

signal to the circuit breaker (C B) to disconnect the

delay characteristic standard is coordinated to

circuit in order to protect the power components

operate within 4~5s (or I2t = 41+t) at 300% of the

from the result of current excess. There are three

rated current of generator. Also, it is coordinated

main types of OCRs used in power systems, which

between the decrement curve and the damage

are: definite current relay, definite time relay and

curve, and the extremely inverse curve is applied.

inverse time relay. The most common type is

The instantaneous characteristic standard is the

inverse time relay which has an inverse curve

minimum value within a range that does not

characteristic. This curve defines the operation of

malfunction at generator starting current which is

the relay which functions in a faster time as the

500~800% of the rated current, and it is

current increases. These types of relays are usually

coordinated by 33.45A. The coordination standard

included with an instantaneous unit which causes

of MCB relay was not provided by the generator

the relay to operate instantaneously when the

manufacturer. Therefore, the actual operating curve

current reaches a high limit magnitude thus

can be derived as shown in Fig. 3, since the MCB

eliminating the damage to the power

and the GIPAM 2200-DG are operated in duplicate

components.

to protect at the generator side.

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International Engineering Journal For Research & Development

Vol.4 Issue 1

REFERENCES: [1] Mohd, A., Ortjohann, E., Schmelter, A., Hamsic, N., & Morton, D. (2008, June). Challenges in integrating distributed energy storage systems into future smart grid. In Industrial Electronics, 2008. ISIE 2008. IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 1627-1632). IEEE. [2] Heier, S. (2014). Grid integration of wind energy. John Wiley & Sons.

[3] Ramakumar, R., Butler, N. G., Rodriguez, A. P., & Venkata, S. S. (1993). Economic aspects of advanced energy technologies. Proceedings of the IEEE, 81(3), 318-332.

[4] Hornak, D., & Chau, N. H. J. (2004). Green power-wind generated protection and control considerations. In Protective Relay Engineers, 2004 57th Annual Conference for (pp. 110-131). IEEE. [5] Fuchs, R. (2004, April). Protection schemes for decentralized power generation. InDevelopments in Power System Protection, 2004. Eighth IEE International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 323- 326).

IET. [6] Qureshi, W. A., & Nair, N. K. C. (2014). Wind Farm Protection. In Large Scale Renewable Power Generation (pp. 311-329). Springer Singapore.

[7] Hussain, M. H., Rahim, S. R. A., & Musirin, I. (2013). Optimal Overcurrent Relay Coordination: A Review. Procedia Engineering, 53, 332-336.

[8] Raza, S., Mahmood, T., & Bukhari, S. (2014). optimum overcurrent relay coordination: A review.

Nucleus, 51(1), 37-49.

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