Vol.4 Issue 1
International Engineering Journal For Research & Development
Impact factor : 2.25
E-ISSN NO:-2349-0721
COORDINATION OF OVERCURRENT RELAYS PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR WIND POWER PLANTS Miss. Monali Yawale _________________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
Wind farms are one of the most indispensable types of sustainable energies which are progressively engaged in smart grids with tenacity
of
predominantly
electrical as
a
power
generation
distribution
generation
system. Thus, rigorous protection of wind power plants is an immensely momentous aspect in electrical power protection engineering which must
be
contemplated
thoroughly
during
designing the wind plants to afford a proper protection for power components in case of fault occurrence. The most commodious and common protection apparatus are overcurrent relays which are responsible for protecting power systems from impending faults. In order to employ a prosperous and proper protection for wind power plants, these relays must be set precisely and wellcoordinated with each other to clear the faults at the system in the shortest possible time. This paper
indicates
how
the
coordination
of
overcurrent relays can be effectively attained for wind power plants in order to protect the power constituents during fault incidence. Through this research
Matlab/Simulink
as
a
powerful
simulation software have been applied to model a wind farm and achieve precise setting for coordination of overcurrent relays.
The ever increasingly air pollution rate and the limitation of fossil fuel sources have led to comprehensive
implementation
of
renewable
energies specifically wind energy. Wind power plants have been vastly employed as the means of power generation in smart grids as a distribution generation (DG) system [1]. Undoubtedly, wind power has come to be mainstay of the energy systems in several countries and is regarded as a reliable and financially reasonable source of electricity. The contribution of wind energy to power generation has reached a considerable share even on the worldwide level. Among many countries that are investing hugely on wind power generation, the top 10 leading nations in total power generation capacity are: China, USA, Germany, Spain, India, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Canada and Portugal[2]. Progressively amplification of grids by wind farms have led to emergence of some significant electrical issues including security, protection, stability, reliability and power quality. Among these issues, protection aspect plays an enormous role which needs a serious attention by researchers. Although protection of wind farms is a crucial issue that needs a huge attention, wind power plants still implement simple protection schemes which leads to different levels of damages to power components in the plant. Moreover, most of the
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1
Vol.4 Issue 1
International Engineering Journal For Research & Development researches
conducted
regarding
wind
farm
Author(s): Choi
Yeonho Ok, Jaewon Lee,
protection has been abundantly restricted to
Jaeho
Vol:
41,1/05
Journal:
literatures and methodologies [3 - 5]. Some
Transactions on renewal energy.
IEEE
researchers have been studied the effect of fault on wind plants specially the generators and have investigated the effectiveness of crowbars in protecting
the
wind
turbine
generators
[6].
However an overall protection scheme has yet to come to solve the protection crisis in wind plants. One of the most important studies of power quality and power system protection in wind plants is providing adequate and continual power to the loads, therefore in order to ensure having perpetual power from wind farms, wind plants must feed grids continually. One way of meeting this phenomena is applying a proper protection in the system that in case of fault, only the section of faulty feeder is disconnected from the system and
To study the above paper, survey is made that,There are several new and renewable energy sources including hydro-, solar-, wind-power generation and etc., but the relay coordination is performed regardless of the characteristics of each new and renewable energy source. In this paper, the pickup and instantaneous current and the time delay of the overcurrent relay (OCR) is reviewed firstly, which was already coordinated for the wind power system. And the problem of frequent operation of OCR coordinated equally regardless of the characteristics of the renewable energy source is analyzed and an alternative is proposed. 2) Title
of
paper:
“Coordination
of
the rest of healthy parts are kept connected to the
Overcurrent Relays Protection Systems for
system. By using overcurrent relays (OCRs) as a
Wind Power Plants”.
protection system and applying an accurate
Date of Publications: 2014 IEEE
coordination in wind plants, not only in case of fault, the power components are protected from
Author(s): Nima Rezaei 1, 2, *;
damages from excessive currents but also continual
Mohammad Lutfi Othman 1, 2; Noor Izzri
power flow is fed to the grid and superb power
Abdul Wahab 1, 2; Hashim Hizam 1, 2.
quality is provided by wind power plants.
Vol: 21
This paper demonstrates how OCRs have been successfully used and properly coordinated in a
Journal:
2014
IEEE
International
Conference Power & Energy (PECON).
wind power plant. The software which has been used is Matlab/Simulink which is known as one of the best simulation software for electrical engineers and researchers. All of the OCRs have been modelled and designed and the accurate settings have been selected to protect the wind plant. Literature Review
To study the above paper, survey is made that Wind farms are one of the most indispensable types of sustainable energies which are progressively engaged in smart grids with tenacity of electrical power generation predominantly as a distribution generation system. Thus, rigorous protection of
1) Title of paper: “Coordination of Over
wind power plants is an immensely momentous
Current Relay for Sudden Rise of Input
aspect in electrical power protection engineering
Energy in Renewable Power System,”
which must be contemplated thoroughly during designing the wind plants to afford a proper protection for power components in case of fault
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Vol.4 Issue 1
International Engineering Journal For Research & Development occurrence. The most commodious and common
4) Title of paper: “Optimal Coordination of
protection apparatus are overcurrent relays which
Overcurrent Relay for Offshore Wind
are responsible for protecting power systems from
Farm Integrated to Onshore Grid with
impending faults. In order to employ a prosperous
VSC-HVDC”.
and proper protection for wind power plants, these
Auther:- Rehana Perveen, Soumya R Mohanty,
relays must be set precisely and well coordinated
Nand Kishor
with each other to clear the faults at the system in the shortest possible time. This paper indicates how the coordination of overcurrent relays can be
Date
of
Publications:
978-1-4799-6042-
2/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE
effectively attained for wind power plants in order
Journal: North American Electric Reliability
to protect the power constituents during fault
Corporation
incidence. Through this research Matlab/Simulink as a powerful simulation software have been applied to model a wind farm and achieve precise setting for coordination of overcurrent relays. 3) Title of Paper: “Design of frequency control system in a micro-grid containing HVAC”.
To study the above paper, survey is made that, Over current(OC) relay is one of the most commonly used protective relays in the power system. Coordination of overcurrent relays is a challenging task in the field of offshore wind farm (OWF). A
Author(s): Mohammad Koochakian Jazi , Seyed Masoud Moghaddas Tafreshi
reliable
protection
system
is
needed
for
transmitting large amountof power over long distances. An optimal relay coordination using
Mehdi Jafari.
overcurrent relay is used at four different points in To study the above paper, survey is made that, This paper presents Wind farms are one of the most indispensable types of sustainable energies which are progressively engaged in smart grids with tenacity
of
electrical
power
generation
predominantly as a distribution generation system. Thus, rigorous protection of wind power plants is an immensely momentous aspect in electrical power protection engineering which must be contemplated thoroughly during designing the wind plants to afford a proper protection for power
the OWF. The optimal coordination of OC relay is carried out by the exploration of different meta heuristic algorithm such as Genetic algorithm (GA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) algorithm. The
formulation
of
objective
function
is
accomplished by two variables such as time multiplier setting (TMS) and plug setting multiplier (PSM).Thus this multi-objective optimization is explored to minimize the operating time of the associated relay that exists in the ac side of OWF.
components in case of fault occurrence. The most commodious and common protection apparatus are overcurrent relays which are responsible for
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:
protecting power systems from impending faults. 1.
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Stabilization OCR of frequency in Grid.
3
International Engineering Journal For Research & Development 2.
Simulation
of
Overcurrent
Relays
Protection Systems.
3. Simulation of Frequency Disturbances.
Vol.4 Issue 1
Inverse time OCRs based on their sensitivity to the current and time can have several characteristics which is reliant on the application. These OCRs types, according to IEC standard are depicted in
PROJECT
Table 1. Below.
SCHEME/METHODOLOGY
OVERCURRENT RELAY IN Fig. proposed circuit diagram
GENERATOR The main purpose of these OCRs is to protect a
OVERCURRENT RELAY
generator and 690V line. GIPAM2200-DG and
OCRs have the same basic I/O signal
MCB are installed. The pick-up current of
operation as other types of relays. In these relays, if
GIPAM2200-DG is 1.5 times of the rated current
the incoming current is higher than the preset
of generator. While taking the cooperation of
current value, the relay will send out an output
protection with the OCR of transformer, the time
signal to the circuit breaker (C B) to disconnect the
delay characteristic standard is coordinated to
circuit in order to protect the power components
operate within 4~5s (or I2t = 41+t) at 300% of the
from the result of current excess. There are three
rated current of generator. Also, it is coordinated
main types of OCRs used in power systems, which
between the decrement curve and the damage
are: definite current relay, definite time relay and
curve, and the extremely inverse curve is applied.
inverse time relay. The most common type is
The instantaneous characteristic standard is the
inverse time relay which has an inverse curve
minimum value within a range that does not
characteristic. This curve defines the operation of
malfunction at generator starting current which is
the relay which functions in a faster time as the
500~800% of the rated current, and it is
current increases. These types of relays are usually
coordinated by 33.45A. The coordination standard
included with an instantaneous unit which causes
of MCB relay was not provided by the generator
the relay to operate instantaneously when the
manufacturer. Therefore, the actual operating curve
current reaches a high limit magnitude thus
can be derived as shown in Fig. 3, since the MCB
eliminating the damage to the power
and the GIPAM 2200-DG are operated in duplicate
components.
to protect at the generator side.
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International Engineering Journal For Research & Development
Vol.4 Issue 1
REFERENCES: [1] Mohd, A., Ortjohann, E., Schmelter, A., Hamsic, N., & Morton, D. (2008, June). Challenges in integrating distributed energy storage systems into future smart grid. In Industrial Electronics, 2008. ISIE 2008. IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 1627-1632). IEEE. [2] Heier, S. (2014). Grid integration of wind energy. John Wiley & Sons. [3] Ramakumar, R., Butler, N. G., Rodriguez, A. P., & Venkata, S. S. (1993). Economic aspects of advanced energy technologies. Proceedings of the IEEE, 81(3), 318-332. [4] Hornak, D., & Chau, N. H. J. (2004). Green power-wind generated protection and control considerations. In Protective Relay Engineers, 2004 57th Annual Conference for (pp. 110-131). IEEE. [5] Fuchs, R. (2004, April). Protection schemes for decentralized power generation. InDevelopments in Power System Protection, 2004. Eighth IEE International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 323- 326). IET. [6] Qureshi, W. A., & Nair, N. K. C. (2014). Wind Farm Protection. In Large Scale Renewable Power Generation (pp. 311-329). Springer Singapore. [7] Hussain, M. H., Rahim, S. R. A., & Musirin, I. (2013). Optimal Overcurrent Relay Coordination: A Review. Procedia Engineering, 53, 332-336. [8] Raza, S., Mahmood, T., & Bukhari, S. (2014). optimum overcurrent relay coordination: A review. Nucleus, 51(1), 37-49.
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