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Vol.4 Issue 1

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development

Impact factor : 3.35

E-ISSN NO:-2349-0721

A SMART BUS TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON REAL TIME BUS TRANSIT SYSTEM (BTS) LOCATOR AND INTELLIGANT TRANSPORT SYSTEM Prof. Naziya Pathan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Priyanka Bansod Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

priyankasatpute612@gmail.com _________________________________________________________________________________________

reach bus stop. The services provided to

ABSTRACT: Current trend the fastest growing cities

passengers by transport systems are very

in India was really struggled to manage the

important. There are two kinds of service that all

transport facility for the peoples and tourists from

transport systems must provide: (i) route and

various countries. Generally whenever we are

schedule information (maps, schedules, and

traveling some populated cities in India, we might

information

prefer to travel in BRT buses because BRT buses

information (fare policy, stop locations, etc.).

are most fast and cheaper way to travel in India.

These types of information are delivered in a

They are also the most popular way of traveling.

variety of ways: (a) traditional delivery methods

We thought that if any new person arrives in our

include printed maps and schedule cards, and

Country and wants to travel in BRT bus, how they

“rider guides.” These are often distributed

can know about the route, nearest BRT stop, the

physically onboard buses and at key transit

distance of nearest BRT stop etc. In this paper we

locations. (b) As with other types of information,

proposed a map application in android phone

the majority of distribution has moved to the

where user can see the current location and

Internet. Nearly all transport systems now

perform other functionality. The phone should

provide service information on their websites

contain

the

where users can either view it electronically or

application. To run this application user needs

print it at home or in their office. (c) Thirdparty

android OS based phone with android OS

distribution

version2.1 or above.

increasingly common. Most major transport

Keywords— QR codes; GPS; Smart bus stops;

systems

C4.5 algorithm; Smart phones, Interactive maps

information through Google Transit, and smaller

internet

connection

to

run

on

connections)

systems

now

present

have

route

(ii)

also

and

basic

become

schedule

transit systems are also moving in this direction.

INTRODUCTION:

Many transport systems are also now making

Public transport has become a part of live. Most

their Google Transit data publicly available for

people reach from homes to workplace or school

use in the development of third party smartphone

using public transportation. People can lose time

applications. If we look in terms of delivering

in transportation because of unwanted waiting.

service information, our study is included in the

Also, people have the right to know where the

last

bus is now and how long time it takes bus to

management system has been the focus of many

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way.

Real-time

vehicle

tracking

and

1

Vol.4 Issue 1

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development researchers, and several studies have been done

Aviation Administration). The ADS-B, MLAT

in this area. Verma and Bhatia stated in their

and FAA data is aggregated together with

study that GPS could be used in many

schedule and flight status data from airlines and

applications and it is possible to follow routes

airports to create a unique flight tracking

and locations driven a vehicle by means of GPS.

experience. The National Rail Enquiries train

They develop a web based system presenting

timetable site shows all trains currently on

vehicles’ locations to the user. Gong et al.

approach to a particular station. Trains and

improved approach to predict the public bus

stations are shown in different colours. Trains

arrival time based on historical and real-time

move in approximately real time, or rather

GPS data. After analyzing the components of bus

quicker if user checks the speed-up box. Marine

arrival time systematically, the bus arrival time

Traffic

and dwell time at previous stops are chosen as

information to the public, about ship movements

the main input variables of the prediction model.

and ports, mainly across the coast-lines of many

They concluded that their model outperforms the

countries around the world. The initial data

historical data based model in terms of prediction

collection

accuracy. Guo et al integrated the Victoria

Identification System (AIS). Similar systems

Regional

appropriate

have been developed for purposes of monitoring

develop

a

and management of vehicles, protection against

corresponding Smartphone application. In this

the thefts and reducing the probability of loss.In

smart bus system, users can access real-time

this paper, we proposed a location-aware smart

passenger information such as schedules, trip

bus stop system that any passenger with a smart

planners, bus capacity estimates, bike rack

phone or mobile device can scan QR codes

availability

via

placed at bus stops to view bus arrival times, and

Smartphone, on computers and at bus stops. El-

buses current locations on the maps. Users can

Medany et al. supposed cost effective real time

also view bus routes on the map with their

tracking

accurate

geographic and nongeographic attributes. We

localizations of the tracked vehicle by using GPS

used C4.5 algorithm for estimation of bus arrival

and GPRS modules. By means of GPS receiver,

time. GPS and Google Maps are used for

proposed system has ability of tracking current

displaying current locations of buses on the

position of the vehicle in any specific time. They

maps,

tested efficiency of the system in different areas

information. If users are registered to the system,

on Kingdom of Bahrain using Google maps.

they can be informed of routes and bus arrival

There are relevant works not only highway

times via SMS and e-mails.

transit systems, but also other tracking systems

article isstructured as follows. In the second

for ships, flights trains, and etc. Flightradar24 is

section, system architecture is proposed. Third

a flight tracker showing live air traffic from all

section presents user services and user interfaces

over the world. Flightradar24 combines data

in the proposed system. Conclusion and some

from several data sources including ADS-B

future enhancements are given at the last section.

Transit

communication

System

with

technologies

and

system

bus

that

stop

to

locations,

provides

project

is

together

provides

based

with

on

the

free

the

real-time

Automatic

related

route

The rest of the

(Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast), MLAT (Multilateration) and FAA (Federal

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Vol.4 Issue 1

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development

format using QR code generators. So, QR code can

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: The components and architecture of the

be captured and decoded by smart phones. It is

proposed system consists of four stages as shown

capable of handling up to several hundred times

in Fig. 1. These are (i) scanning QR codes placed at

more information than the traditional bar codes

bus stops and listing buses according to passengers’

unlike conventional bar codes are only capable of

desires, (ii) searching buses and/or bus stops and

storing twenty digits. According to different

showing timetables, (iii) showing bus stops and

versions of QR code, distinct information storage

routes on the Google map, and (iv) estimating bus

capacity may be used (see Fig. 2). The cost of

interval time with machine learning algorithms and

information transfer via QR code is extremely low

finally sending this information to users via SMS

as compared with other technologies where specific

and/or e-mails. Each stage is detailed in the

hardware is always required [12]. Consequently,

following subsections.

QR code is the most widely used information container that can be applied to different printed

Scanning QR codes and listing bus es

materials (e.g., posters, books or magazines) and places (e.g. bus stops, store

windows, etc.).

Searching buses/stops and showing timetable

Showing bus stops and routes on the Google map

(a) 10 alphanumeric

(b) 100 alphanumeric

Fig.2. QR codes with respect to the number of

Estimating Bus arrival time and sending to interested passengers

modules in symbol area. There are many different applications [13-17] in different areas built based on QR codes. It is initially developed as an alternative technology to UPC bar codes. However,

Fig.1: Architecture of web based smart bus stop system

its applications include product tracking, item identification,

time

tracking,

document

management, general marketing, and much more.

A. Usage of QR Codes in the System

Raj et al. [18] proposed a cost effective and 3D

With the increasing usage of smart phones and

(latitude, longitude and altitude) smart phone

wireless network infrastructures, passengers are

solution which helps in indoor navigation with the

getting acquainted with obtaining information

help of QR codes. Accuracy of proposed system is

about timetables, bus arrival time and etc. by

high

means of mobile phones. QR code was created as

(Assisted Global Positioning System) and RFID

an

two-

(Radiofrequency identification). Costa-Montenegro

dimensional by Toyota subsidiary, Denso Wave in

et al. present QR-Maps, a simple and efficient tool

1994. Data is encoded in QR optically readable

that can be used in smartphones to obtain accurate

information

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container

forming

of

and

compared

with

Bluetooth,

AGPS

3

Vol.4 Issue 1

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development indoor user locations. This tool employs QR-Codes

http://maps.google.com/maps/api/staticmap?center

containing a short text which indicates locations

=Kocaeli

shown within a custom Google map.

+University,+İzmit,+Turkey&zoom=14&size=51 2x512&map type=roadmap

We use QR codes for the purpose of providing locations of bus stops. QR codes contain bus stop location information such as latitude and longitude (see Fig. 3). When QR codes, which are placed at bus stops, are scanned by passengers, they can view estimated bus arrival time, and bus’s current location. Users can also view routes of selected buses on the map.

C. Estimation of Bus Arrival Time As we know the classes of training set, we can use different algorithms to estimate the classes of new instance set by discovering the way the attributesvector of the instances behaves.

One of these

algorithms is Decision Trees (DT’s). A tree is either a leaf node labeled with a class linked to two or more sub-trees. If we classify some instance,

Bus stop location details

QR

code

(latitude and longitude)

encoder

firstly we have to get its attribute vector and then apply this vector to the tree. To complete the classification process, the tests are performed into

Fig. 3. Contents of QR codes placed at bus stops

these attributes until reaching one or other leaf.

In early 1980s, a decision tree algorithm called as

B. Google Map API and GPS :

ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser) was developed by J.

To locate any bus on a map, its location in latitude

Ross Quinlan. This approach is extended by taking

and longitude (lat, long) coordinate values have to

into

be obtained. These values are obtained from GPS

described by E.B. Hunt, J. Marin, and P. T. Ston

receiver in each bus. Google serves its map images

C4.5 algorithm (statistical classifier) presented by

via a

Quinlan is based on the ID3 algorithm. Its

simple REST

(Representational State

Transfer) API enhanced with Java Script and

consideration

concept

learning

systems

functionality is to find simple DT’s.

AJAX technologies. The system utilizes map API

C4.5 algorithm has a few premises cases:

in open source JAVA framework with the standard libraries. A sample http query to request a map is

•

given below.

If all samples (cases) belong to same class, it creates a leaf and the leaf is returned to choose that class.

http://maps.google.com/maps/api/staticmap?

• After the question mark, query parameters and their

C4.5 creates a decision node higher up the tree using the expected value of the class; in case of

constraints are appended. Parameters’ numbers and

none of the features provide any information

their values change depending on what users need

gain.

from map services. The parameter lists are separated by the ampersand (&) symbol. An example query for a specific map is given below.

•

In case of instance of previously-unseen class is encountered; C4.5 creates a decision node higher up the tree using the expected value.

Pseudo-code of C4.5 algorithm is as following:

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Vol.4 Issue 1

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development 1. Check for premises cases

If S is any set of samples, let freq (Ci, S) stand for

2. For each attribute, calculate the potential information provided by a test on the attribute.

Also calculate gain information that would

the number of samples in S that belong to class C (out of k possible classes), and

S

i

denotes the

number of samples in the set S. Let’s explain C4.5 on our simple data set. According to data given Fig.

result from a test on the attribute.

4, k equals to 6 and 3. Depending on the current selection criterion,

S equals to 10. Then the

entropy of the set S (Info(S)):

find the best attribute to split on.

4. Recur on the sub-lists obtained by splitting on

k(freq(Ci, S )freq(C Info(S)=-(( S) ⋅ log2 (Si, S))) (1)

best attribute, and add other nodes as children i=1

of best attribute node

Info(S)=(1/10)*log2(1/10)(4/10)*log2(4/10)(3/10)*l In the proposed system, C4.5 algorithm is used for estimation of bus arrival times. In order to use this algorithm,

training

data

set

reflecting

og2(3/10)-(1/10)*log2(1/10)-(1/10)*log2(1/10)= 2.046 bits

past

experiences is prepared as seen in Fig. 4. Columns of the data set are as follows: data id, late time

After set T has been partitioned in accordance with n outcomes of one attribute test X:

(how long time a bus is late), reason for being late (breakdown,

traffic

accident,

and

passenger

nTi Infox(T) =-i=1 ∑

(2)

( T .Info(Ti))

density), weather condition (rainy, normal, and snowy), scheduled time table, route number and

Gain(X) = Info(T) - Info

x(T).

It represents

bus stop id.

information gain. Attribute selection is done with the highest gain value.

Inforeason(S)=(2/10)*(2/2*log2(2/2))+(6/10)*(1/6*lo g2(1/6)2/6*log2(2/6)3/6*log2(3/6))+(1/10)*(1/1*log2(1/1)) +(1/ 10)* (-1/1*log2(1/1))= 0.875 bits

Fig. 4. Data set exampleforused estimation of bus arrival time

To estimate expected arrival times at any specific

Gain(reason) = 2.046-0.875=1.171bits

bus stop, it is required to make some arrangements

Similarly, Gain(weatherCon) is calculated as 1.010

on data set. Depending on the schedule and

bits.

physical conditions for a route, late times might

Attribute “reason” gives the highest gain of 1.171

change in a very large range. Let’s assume it has a

bits in our example, and therefore this attribute will

range from 1 to 30 minutes, and chunk this range

be selected for the first splitting. After splitting on

into 6 sub-ranges, such as 1-5 min for class 1, 6-10

best attribute, we add other nodes as children of

min for class 2, etc., Remainder of this section

best attribute node and we do same operations

explains the application of C4.5 algorithm on a

recursively. Each leaf’s path can be transformed

given dataset (see Fig. 4) to estimate actual arrival

into an IF-THEN rule to make a decision tree

time.

model more readable.

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International Engineering Journal For Research & Development

Vol.4 Issue 1

USER SERVICES AND INTERFACES: General flow of the proposed application is as follows: •

Passengers with smart phones or mobile devices with the QR code readers scan QR codes placed at bus stops. After scanning QR codes, theyare decoded via ZXing (Zebra Crossing) library.

•

Route

numbers of buses are listed for

corresponding bus stops (see Fig. 5). Passengers choose one or more of them to view interested and estimated bus arrival times and current location of the selected bus (see Fig. 7).

•

Passengers can view routes of buses on maps.

As seen in Fig. 6, the green markers represent

Fig. 7: Viewin g bus information

buses, the red markers represent bus stops and the blue line points the route of the bus. Users can utilize Google map’s mapping tools such as zooming

in/out,

panning,

dragging

and

dropping to get better view for the selected route and buses.

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSIONS : In this paper, we have presented a smart bus tracking system. It is based on GPS, GSM, QR coding and Google’s map technologies. The proposed system, basically tracks the busses,

If users are registered to the system, they can be

estimates their arrival times at specific bus stops

informed of the routes and the busses they are

and informs the users through e-mails and SMSs.

interested in, through e-mails and SMSs.

The system prevents passengers unnecessarily to wait at bus stops and enables them to use their time more efficiently.

In the future, we plan to enhance the system with some other estimation tools and statistical analysis.

This might be used not only by public users but also by decision makers in the local municipalities.

Moreover, since the system is developed with open standards and open sources, it is easily extended

Fig. 5: Interface of proposed applica tion

with future technologies according to users’ needs.

Fig. 6: Showing bus stops and routes on the Google map

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Vol.4 Issue 1

International Engineering Journal For Research & Development RESULTS:

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