Book of Abstracts 2019

8th International M-Sphere Conference For Multidisciplinarity in Business and Science

Book of Abstracts

Dubrovnik, Croatia 24th - 26th October 2019

M-Sphere

Association for Promotion of Multidisciplinarity in Science and Business 8th International M-Sphere Conference For Multidisciplinarity in Business and Science (8th M-Sphere Conference)

Book of Abstracts

Dubrovnik, Croatia 24th – 26th October 2019

8th M-Sphere Conference, Book of Abstracts. Copyright 2019. All rights reserved. The author is responsible for all of the content that has been published. Printed in Croatia. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in crtitical articles or reviews.

Organized by: M-Sphere (www.m-sphere.com.hr) Publisher: Accent For Publisher: Tihomir Vranešević Editors: Tihomir Vranešević Doris Peručić Miroslav Mandić Irena Pandža

ISBN 978-953-7930-15-8 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available in the Online Catalogue of the National and University Library in Zagreb as 001043946.

CIP zapis je dostupan u računalnome katalogu Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu pod brojem 001043946.

M-SPHERE M-Sphere - Association for Promotion of Multidisciplinarity in Science and Business

Mission Promote multidisciplinary approach.

Promote multidisciplinary approach by encouraging and providing the circumstances to exchange of experiences and ideas from different disciplines, in order to further encourage scientific curiosity in research and practical work, with the aim of achieving positive change in all spheres of science, business and society - respecting multidisciplinary.

Objectives Acquiring of conditions for achieving a permanent mission of the organization of annual conferences, publishing journals and various forms of education.

Vision Become a focal point of advocacy for multidisciplinary approach in business and society.

Guiding principle IDEAS WORTH TO SPREAD – RESULTS WORTH TO DISSEMENATE

Committee Members (Alphabetical Order) Scientific Committee Members for the Conference Professor José Luís Abrantes Professor Vesna Babić Hodović Professor Ana Paula Cardoso Professor Muris Čičić Professor Carsten Deckert Professor Damir Dobrinić Professor Stjepan Dvorski Professor Felicite Fairer-Wessels Professor Raquel Guiné Professor Rainer Hasenauer Professor Jordanka Jovkova Professor Masai Kanai Professor Slavica Manić Professor Kalyani Menon Professor Božo Mihailović Professor A. Niyazi Özker Professor Kjell Ove Ernes Professor Žarko S. Pavić Professor Doris Peručić Professor Dušan Radonjič Professor Drago Ružić Professor Claudia Seabra Professor Terje Slåtten Professor Statty Stattev Professor Masaaki Takemura Professor Marija Tomašević Lišanin Professor Željko Turkalj Professor Ivona Vrdoljak Raguž Professor Vesna Vrtiprah Professor Christoph Willers

Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Cologne Business School, Köln, Germany University of Zagreb, Croatia University of Zagreb, Croatia University of Pretoria, South Africa Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria University for National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria Kindai University, Osaka, Japan University of Belgrade, Serbia Wilfred Laurier University, Toronto, Canada University of Montenegro, Montenegro Balikesir University, Turkey Kristiania University College, Norway Independent University Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Edward Bernays University College, Croatia University of Maribor, Slovenia University of Osijek, Croatia University of Coimbra, Portugal University of Lillehammer, Norway University for National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan University of Zagreb, Croatia University of Osijek, Croatia University of Dubrovnik, Croatia University of Dubrovnik, Croatia Cologne Business School, Köln, Germany

Organizing Committee Members for the Conference Boris Hudina, prof.pscyh.

Iva Gregurec, PhD Professor Miroslav Mandić Professor Slavica Manić Ana Mulović, MBA Professor Doris Peručić Professor Irena Pandža Bajs Professor Claudia Seabra Professor Tihomir Vranešević Correspondence: Professor Tihomir Vranešević info@m-sphere.com.hr

HDPRO, Croatia University of Zagreb, Croatia University of Zagreb, Croatia University of Belgrade, Serbia University North, Koprivnica, Croatia Edward Bernays University College, Zagreb, Croatia University of Zagreb, Croatia University of Coimbra, Portugal University of Zagreb, Croatia

Program Details  Thursday, 24th October 2019 10.45 – 11.30 - Conference Registration

ROOM 1

11.30 – 13.00 - Opening Ceremony / Official Welcome

ROOM 1

Welcome speech Keynote speech: Nation branding: Croatian identity and branding project Prof. dr. sc. Dubravka Sinčić Ćorić, Faculty of Economc and Bussines - University of Zagreb Keynote speech: Zagreb – leader in tourism trends Dr. sc. (PhD) Martina Bienenfeld, Zagreb Tourist Board, Managing Director 13.00 – 14.00 - Lunch 14.15 – 15.45 - 1MS Presentations (2 parallel tracks) TRACK 1MS1. ROOM 1 TRACK 1MS2. ROOM 2 17.30 – 22.00 - Dubrovnik City Tour & Dinner

 Friday, 25th October 2019 11.30 – 13:00

2MS Presentations (2 parallel tracks)

TRACK 2MS1 ROOM 1 TRACK 2MS2 ROOM 2 13:15 – 14.15

Lunch

14:30 – 16.00

3MS Presentations (2 parallel tracks)

TRACK 3MS1 ROOM 1 TRACK 3MS2 ROOM 2 16:15– 16:45

Plenary session and conference feed back

20:00 –

Farewell Dinner

CONTENTS THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER 2019

14.15 – 15.45

 1MS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ROOM 1

FROM A BUSINESS CASE FRAME TO A PARADOX FRAME FOR CSR: THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING FOR MANAGERS KALYANI MENON

2

EUROPEAN EXPORTS: A COMPARATIVE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ALEXANDRA LIVADA

3

UNIVERSAL FUNCTIONALITY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT - ESTABLISHING MOBILITY FOR ALL - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH ELMAR WILHELM M. FÜRST - CHRISTIAN VOGELAUER - PETER C. HUBER

4

ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY: What does it mean? How is it actualized?

HAJIME KOBAYASHI - MASAAKI TAKEMURA

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MILLENNIALS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS SMART CITIES: CHALLENGES AND ISSUES ANTON MANFREDA

6

SEMI AND FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES: MILLENIALS’ PERSPECTIVE ALEŠ GROZNIK - ANTON MANFREDA

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 1MS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM ON FDI INFLOWS: A META – ANALYSIS POLYXENI KECHAGIA - THEODOROS METAXAS DETERMINANTS OF THE GAP AMONG POTENTIAL AND ACTUAL FDI INFLOWS IN SELECTED SOUTHEASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES DANIELA MAMUCHEVSKA - IGOR VELICKOVSKI - KRISTIJAN KOZHESKI

ROOM 2 10

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TAX COMPETITION IN USA AND EU: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS THEODOROS METAXAS - RANIA NIKOU

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IMF AND DEMOCRACY: A COMPLICATED CONNECTION NIKOLAOS ALEXANDROS PSOFOGIORGOS - THEODOROS METAXAS

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THE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL UPDATES IN EU AND THE STRUCTURAL MODIFIES IN THE LAST PERIOD AHMET NIYAZI ÖZKER CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT SANDRA BENIĆ

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FRIDAY 25TH OCTOBER 2019

11.30 – 13:00

 2MS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ROOM 1

PROMOTING ENTREPRENURIAL ORIENTATION IN SERVICE FIRMS TERJE SLÅTTEN - ELISE JOHANSEN

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IMPACT OF POLITICAL MARKETING IN DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT ON VOTERS REGARDING THEIR AREA OF RESIDENCE ZDRAVKO TOLUŠIĆ - ŽARKO STILIN - IVAN KELIĆ

19

BULGARIAN NASCENT STUDENT TECHNOPRENEURS: MOTIVES, PERCEPTIONS OF BARRIERS AND STARTUP ACTIVITIES DESISLAVA YORDANOVA

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THE IMPORTANCE OF JOB ENGAGEMENT AMONG NURSES? TERJE SLÅTTEN -GUDBRAND LIEN

21

GENDER STRUCTURE IN HIGHER EDUCATION REVISITED: A CASE STUDY OF CHANGE-RESISTING ACADEMIC HIERARCHY SLAVICA MANIĆ

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DO BUSINESS STUDENTS SEEMS TO HAVE A MORE APPROPRIATE LEARNING STRATEGY COMPARED TO OTHER STUDENTS? CHRISTIAN KROGH - TERJE SLÅTTEN

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 2MS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ROOM 2

WORD OF MOUTH IN TOURISM - A SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS ALEKSANDAR GRUBOR - DRAŽEN MARIĆ - KSENIJA LEKOVIĆ

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CONSUMER ANALYTICS, EXOGENOUS COGNITION AND THE DISCIPLINARY NEXUS ANDREW SMITH - JOHN HARVEY - JAMES GOULDING - GAVIN SMITH

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OVERCOMING THE FEAR: WOMEN VACATIONING ALONE ANDREIA PEREIRA - CLÁUDIA SEABRA - CARLA SILVA

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OUTSOURCING BUSINESS-LOGISTICS SERVICES: THE INCLUSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY MARKO BUDLER

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THIRD-GENERATION DIASPORA AS A MARKETING SEGMENT FOR THE TOURIST INDUSTRY: DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH AGENDA ON THE CROATIAN-AUSTRALIAN CASE DORIS PERUČIĆ

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FRIDAY 25TH OCTOBER 2019

14:30 – 16.00

 3MS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ROOM 1

TERRORISM THREAT AND TRAVEL BEHAVIORS IN THE EU28: MILLENNIAL’S REACTION CLAUDIA SEABRA

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THE ROLE OF MARKETING IN A NEW TOURISM PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT KRISTIAN ŠUSTAR - DRAGO RUŽIĆ

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TOURIST EXPECTATIONS AND MEMORABLE EXPERIENCES AT FLAGSHIP ATTRACTIONS FELICITE FAIRER-WESSELS - ELIZABETH DU PREEZ - ANNELI DOUGLAS

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THE IMPACT OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE MARGARIDA VICENTE - ANTÓNIO FIGUEIREDO - ANTÓNIO MÁRIO RODRIGUES

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DIFFERENTIATING FACTORS FOR SUCCESS IN THE WINE INDUSTRY: THE DÃO WINE REGION CASE ANTÓNIO MÁRIO RODRIGUES - JOSÉ VASCONCELOS FERREIRA - ANTÓNIO JOSÉ FIGUEIREDO - MARGARIDA VICENTE

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CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE IN TELECOMMUNICATION MARKET IN CROATIA PAULA OSTOJIĆ - MIROSLAV MANDIĆ

 3MS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37

ROOM 2

TECHNICAL AND APPLICATION PREREQUISITES FOR VIDEO BASED CV WEB PLATFORM INTENDED FOR INCREASE OF YOUTH EMPLOYABILITY DRAGO RUŽIĆ - DAVORIN TURKALJ - ANTUN BILOŠ PREDICTING CONSUMER INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING SERVICES IN NORTH MACEDONIA MARINA MIJOSKA BELSOSKA - MARIJA TRPKOVA-NESTOROVSKA - KALINA TRENEVSKA BLAGOEVA

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41

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH OF IMPLEMENTING NUDGE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR LIDIJA BIBER - MAJDA TAFRA

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RESOURCE DETERMINANTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF THE PORTUGUESE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES SMES ANTÓNIO JOSÉ FIGUEIREDO - MARGARIDA VICENTE - ANTÓNIO MÁRIO RODRIGUES

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ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AND BAD CHOICES FOR LENDING IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR – A CASE STUDY IN BALKAN COUNTRIES WITH A SPECIFIC FOCUS IN KOSOVO SHKËLQESA SMAJLI WHAT CHALLENGES IN INTERNET MARKETING COMMUNICATION ARE RECOGNIZED BY CROATIAN MARKETING AGENCIES? PETRA ODELJAN - IVA GREGUREC NATION BRANDING - ATTITUDES ABOUT INDIA AMONG CROATIAN STUDENTS TIHOMIR VRANEŠEVIĆ - PAVAO VRANEŠEVIĆ

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MARKETING OF URBAN TOURISM IN A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE CASE OF ZAGREB MARTINA BIENENFELD - MARIO BANOŽIĆ

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AUTHOR INDEX

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1MS1 THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER 2019 14.15 – 15.45 ROOM 1

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FROM A BUSINESS CASE FRAME TO A PARADOX FRAME FOR CSR: THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING FOR MANAGERS KALYANI MENON

ABSTRACT This paper develops a transformative learning model to enable managers to transition from the primacy of the single stakeholder business case frame for corporate social responsibility (CSR) to a multi-stakeholder paradox frame. The paper argues that without a systematic and transformative learning model, managers will use the default business case frame for CSR initiatives, thus constraining the viability of these initiatives. The transformative learning model developed here requires immersing managers in transgressive experiences that deliberately violate the business case frame and activate the paradox frame. During the transgressive experience, the firm initiates sensegiving, sensebreaking, and sensemaking processes using analogical reasoning to enable managers to access and internalize the paradox frame. Through iterative cycles of sensegiving, sensebreaking, and sensemaking, managers transition from the primacy of the business case frame to a paradox frame. The paper discusses the features of transgressive experiences and how to operationalize the processes of sensegiving, sensebreaking, and sensemaking for the paradox frame of CSR. Implications for future research and managerial practice are discussed.

KEY WORDS: P aradox frame, Corporate social responsibility (CSR), Transformative learning, Transgressive experience.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHOR: KALYANI MENON PHD, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AREA COORDINATOR (MARKETING) LAZARIDIS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY WATERLOO, CANADA kmenon@wlu.ca

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EUROPEAN EXPORTS: A COMPARATIVE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ALEXANDRA LIVADA

ABSTRACT The scope of this paper is to present the evolution of exports in the southern, central and northern Europe during the last 25 years. The statistical analysis is based on the composite Laspeyres index estimated for each European country separately and then for four European country groups, northern – central _- southern europe as well as UK and Ireland. We are interested to know: Do exports follow a cycle pattern? Were the exports influenced by the economic crisis? Which is the most export competitive european area? The period studied is from 1990 to 2016 based on OECD and UN data.

KEY WORDS: Exports, Applied economics, Laspeyres index, Applied statistics.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHOR: ALEXANDRA LIVADA ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS ATHENS UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ATHENS, GREECE livada@aueb.gr

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UNIVERSAL FUNCTIONALITY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT - ESTABLISHING MOBILITY FOR ALL - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH ELMAR WILHELM M. FÜRST - CHRISTIAN VOGELAUER - PETER C. HUBER

ABSTRACT This article aims at providing a basic understanding of the important field of accessibility in public transport. Universal Functionality as an inclusive sustainable concept has the goal to enable all people to use the public transport system independently and self-determinedly.

The implementation of accessible public transport directly affects different user groups.

People who do not have temporary or permanent impairments will also benefit from simpler and more accessible systems. Consequently, the usability and comfort of public transport systems is raised for all persons. Therefore, the paper points out barriers and solutions for different target groups in public transport and discusses solutions for overcoming them. The paper concludes by showing how the consideration of Universal Functionality already in the planning phase of a project can substantially reduce costs and improve the quality of the services, respectively leading also to better economic results.

KEY WORDS: Public transport, Accessibility, Inclusion, European Accessibility Act, Mobility, Means of transport, stations, Stops, Vehicles, Universal functionality.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: ELMAR WILHELM M. FÜRST HILFSGEMEINSCHAFT - AUSTRIAN ASSOCIATION SUPPORTING OF THE BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED VIENNA AUSTRIA leberbauer@hilfsgemeinschaft.at CHRISTIAN VOGELAUER PETER C. HUBER FOR ALL AUTHORS: INSTITUTE FOR TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS VIENNA AUSTRIA

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ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY: What does it mean? How is it actualized?

HAJIME KOBAYASHI - MASAAKI TAKEMURA

ABSTRACT This paper, based on a case study, examines the transfer process of the business model of a Japanese large retailer across boarders, and explicates what an organizational ambidexterity means and how it is realized. The term “organizational ambidexterity� means it is possible to classify the organizational learning into exploration-type and exploitationtype, and raises strategic research on how to balance the two types for organizational survival. However, it was not always clear as to what the balance between exploration and exploitation means, and how it will be actualized in real setting. The paper adopts an organizational learning view dividing two capabilities. The first is dynamic capability and the second is the ability to realize the various functions required by a company to carry out a business process, which is called operational capability. Unfortunately, the dynamic capabilities do not always monitor and remedy flawlessly the operational capabilities. The organizational learning may often be myopic because of the deficient of dynamic capabilities.

As one pathway to solve this negative aspect, firms try to evolve the operational capability daily by learning in the field. TQC and kaizen are examples of this type of learning. It can be said that the effect of dynamic capabilities and the daily evolution of operational capabilities must be combined. The tentative findings from our case study are as follows. The combinations of two learning processes of exploration and exploitation change over time, depending on the internal and external conditions in which the company is embedded. The case company was trying to improve the combined effect of the two learning processes in a spiral fashion, in a way that fit the environmental conditions which the company faced.

Therefore, the organizational ambidexterity as a combined effect generated by two learning processes does not mean equalizing the two levels.

KEY WORDS: O rganizational ambidexterity, Dynamic capabilities, Operational capabilities, Exploration, Exploitation.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: HAJIME KOBAYASHI PROFESSOR hkoba@meiji.ac.jp MASAAKI TAKEMURA PROFESSOR takemura@meiji.ac.jp FOR BOTH AUTHORS: MEIJI UNIVERSITY; SCHOOL OF COMMERCE TOKYO, JAPAN

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MILLENNIALS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS SMART CITIES: CHALLENGES AND ISSUES ANTON MANFREDA

ABSTRACT The concept of digitalization and digital transformation is currently quite a vigorously discussed topic since it is influencing our working and everyday life. It affects several areas from trade, manufacturing, government to the environment. New concepts and technologies like cloud computing, mobile computing, social media integration and internet of things are carrying IT solutions closer to end-users, governments and society as a whole; and thus ensuring greater flexibility for business solutions as well. Digital technologies are not only continuously transforming business processes on the organizational levels but they are also transforming the way of living. Cities and living in cites is not an exception. Smart cities are currently developing at increasing speed, both conceptually and technologically. They depend on using the information and communication technology that is digitally transforming our habitats. By applying these technologies users can be better understood and served.

However, the technology in smart cities is only an enabler or a precondition for utilising benefits and improving the quality of life. There are several issues important for future development of smart cities. Smart cities are presenting the fusion of technology, mobility, environment, architecture and economy including intertwining benefits on one side and privacy issues on the other. However, at the same time, the adaptation of digital solutions is becoming more and more difficult due to rapidly evolving innovations and the difficulty of managing the complexity of related technologies. The paper focuses on millennials’ attitude towards smart cities since the development of smart cities is oriented also towards future inhabitants. Millennials are an important focus group for smart city concept since they are characterised as open to change, more educated and keen to adopt technology compared to previous generations. Besides they are always connected, skilled in digital technology and social media. The paper thus focuses on millennials’ perception regarding new technologies, new business models, potential benefits and perceived risks related to the smart cities.

KEY WORDS: Smart cities, Millenials, Digital transformation, Business models.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHOR: ANTON MANFREDA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA anton.manfreda@ef.uni-lj.si

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SEMI AND FULLY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES: MILLENIALS’ PERSPECTIVE ALEŠ GROZNIK - ANTON MANFREDA

ABSTRACT The concept of digitalization and digital transformation is used more widely than ever before.

Digital transformation affects several areas including transportation, energy and the environment. However, managing the complexity of all these new technologies and solutions is becoming more and more difficult due to fast-evolving innovations and their invasion in our everyday lives. Therefore, examining technological interdependencies and implementation capabilities remains a major challenge that should be addressed. New concepts and technologies like cloud computing, internet of things and big data are enabling greater flexibility for business solutions and are passing IT solutions closer to end-users. These new technologies in the transportation area are presenting the foundation for intelligent transportation. The latter has an important role in the whole community by addressing important concerns regarding travel time, energy efficiency and environmental issues. The purpose of this paper is thus to examine the attitude of millennials towards semi and fully autonomous vehicles and the technologies in these vehicles. The paper focuses on millennials since they are more inclined to adopt new technology and new transportation modes as well. Besides, current millennials will represent an important market for the mobile industry in the recent future. The paper thus focuses on the millennials’ perspective regarding new transportation business models, existing technology in semi-autonomous vehicles, predicted technology in fully autonomous vehicles and the perceived benefits of these technological innovations. Lastly, several concerns are outlined as well.

KEY WORDS: Autonomous vehicles, Millenials, Digital transformation.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: ALEŠ GROZNIK PROFESSOR ales.groznik@ef.uni-lj.si ANTON MANFREDA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR anton.manfreda@ef.uni-lj.si FOR BOTH AUTHORS: UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA

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1MS2 THURSDAY 24TH OCTOBER 2019 14.15 – 15.45 ROOM 2

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THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM ON FDI INFLOWS: A META – ANALYSIS POLYXENI KECHAGIA - THEODOROS METAXAS

ABSTRACT The determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in developing economies have been a subject of several empirical and theoritical studies. However, when regarding to terrorist activity as a determinant factor of FDI inflows and through conductig an extented literature review on empirical studies, it is observed that previous researchers reached to vague or contrasting results as for the role of terrorism on attracting FDI inflows in developing economies. The purpose of the present study is to carry out and to present a meta – analysis on published papers that focused on the empirical investigation of terrorism as a determinant factor of FDI inflows in developing countries. Papers are selected under certain criteria, while publication biases and models specifications are discussed. The contribution of the essay in the existing literature is proven by the fact that it is the first paper to conduct a meta – analysis on the relation between FDI and terrorism, considering that there is an increasing research interest towards terrorism, mostly in the post - 9/11 period. The study reaches to explanations regarding the mixed results of previous researchers and concludes that the impact of terrorism on FDI inflows in developing countries depends on the estimation techniques, the sample of countries and the research design of previous empirical papers.

Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are included.

KEY WORDS: M eta – analysis, Meta – effect, Foreign direct investment, Terrorism, Publication bias.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: POLYXENI KECHAGIA POST – DOCTORAL RESEARCHER kehagia@uth.gr THEODOROS METAXAS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR metaxas@uth.gr FOR BOTH AUTHORS: UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS VOLOS, GREECE

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Determinants of the gap among potential and actual FDI inflows in Selected Southeastern European Countries DANIELA MAMUCHEVSKA - IGOR VELICKOVSKI - KRISTIJAN KOZHESKI

abstract More than two decades, FDI has increasingly been viewed by policy makers in Southeastern countries as one of the most important external sources to finance development, import new technologies and increase productivity of their economies. This has been accompanied by an increase in competition among these countries to attract more FDI, resulting in higher investment incentives offered by the host governments. But, due to the different path and speed in the regional integration processes each country has experienced different results regarding the accumulated FDI stock. Also, there are evidences that above a certain threshold, the importance of some policies for attracting FDI is distinctly different.

Thus, the main focus of this paper is to detect which factors are crucial in driving FDI inflows and to evaluate the real effects of current FDI incentive policies. For that purposes, we are analyzing FDI incentive policies and their usefulness and relevance for the selected group of Southeastern European countries (SEEs). The analysis is based on a panel data on eighth SEEs (Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Bosnia and Hercegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia) over the period 2004-2017 and by using cross-sectional econometric model we are trying to determine the key factors for FDI inflows, to estimate the gap among potential and real FDI inflows and to assess the effects of FDI on economic growth in these countries.

KEY WORDS: F DI inflows, Determinants, Southeastern European countries, Economic policies.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: DANIELA MAMUCEVSKA ASSOCAITE PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY “SS. CYRIL AND METHODIUS” IN SKOPJE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS - SKOPJE danielam@eccf.ukim.edu.mk IGOR VELICKOVSKI ASSISTANT PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY AMERICAN COLLEGE SKOPJE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT velickovski@uacs.edu.mk NATIONAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA velickovskii@nbrm.mk KRISTIJAN KOZHESKI MASTER STUDENTS UNIVERSITY “SS. CYRIL AND METHODIUS” IN SKOPJE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS - SKOPJE kristijan_94@hotmail.com 11

FOR ALL AUTHORS: SKOPJE, NORTH MACEDONIA

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TAX COMPETITION IN USA AND EU: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS THEODOROS METAXAS - RANIA NIKOU

ABSTRACT This paper aims to define the meaning of tax competition. Initially, it presents the concept of tax competition and analyses its dimensions. Following the development of this phenomenon, making a brief historical retrospect, we can comprehend its nature and the causes which have led and continue to lead the governments of the states to adopt policies and carry out tax reforms in order for states to become more competitive with each other, drawing borrowed capital and investments. In particular, it performs a comparative analysis between the United States of America and the European Union, studying two key sectors of their economy, the automotive industry and telecommunications, using specific criteria.

Comparison criteria are corporate income tax, VAT and sales tax, duties on trade, wage costs, taxing savings and excise duties.

The USA is a tax and monetary union, which consists of small open economies where everyone controls a level of fiscal policy. Due to the federal system of government, every federal and local government has the power to tax. On the other hand, in Europe, there is an interaction between Member States’ tax systems, although each EU Member State operates independently. Especially in the sectors of the economy which were selected for comparison, it is observed through research in the automotive industry both in the US and the EU, with the expansion of global production chains and production and the internationalization of the production process, the automotive industry is constantly growing.

In respect to the telecommunications sector both in the EU as well as in the United States, there is rapid growth due to the evolution of technology, the growing demand from consumers and supply by providers. Finally, desiderata by both sides is to make substantial tax reforms as a means of promoting healthy tax competition.

KEY WORDS: Tax Competition, EU, USA, Automotive Industry, Telecommunications.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: THEODOROS METAXAS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR metaxas@econ.uth.gr RANIA NIKOU PHD STUDENT rnikou@uth.gr FOR BOTH AUTHORS: UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS VOLOS, GREECE

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IMF AND DEMOCRACY: A COMPLICATED CONNECTION NIKOLAOS ALEXANDROS PSOFOGIORGOS - THEODOROS METAXAS

ABSTRACT After the collapse of Bretton Woods system, IMF focused on assistance to developing countries and transition economies while simultaneously acquired other multifaceted roles too. As a result of this fact, the contribution of IMF seems to have political implications.

A political impact that is frequently debated in the literature is the connection between Fund’s programs and Democracy. According to many studies, IMF lending programs undermine the quality of democracy in the countries which make use of the institution’s resources and through this channel implies a further, negative indirect effect of IMF loan participation on economic growth.

On the other hand, other studies suggest the opposite, which result in a positive relationship between IMF programs and levels of democracy. This could depend on many factors, such as the regime of the country, the state of the economy, the agreement or not between the government and the Fund about the reforms that must be taken, whether the program is examined in the short term or the long term and others.

By exploring the bibliography, many questions are born. Does entry to an IMF program undermine democratic accountability, and if so, how? Do the domestic leaders use IMF to adopt policies that would otherwise be politically unattainable? Or are they really helpless to resist the IMF’s preferred policies? Is the proposed solution narrowly tailored to solve the identified problem? All these questions and many others will be responded in this article.

KEY WORDS: IMF, Democracy, Economic crisis, Reforms, Political implications.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: NIKOLAOS ALEXANDROS PSOFOGIORGOS PHD STUDENT psofogio@uth.gr THEODOROS METAXAS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR metaxas@econ.uth.gr FOR BOTH AUTHORS: UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS VOLOS, GREECE

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THE EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL UPDATES IN EU AND THE STRUCTURAL MODIFIES IN THE LAST PERIOD AHMET NIYAZI ÖZKER

ABSTRACT he phenomenon of financial updates in the EU has emerged as a result of significant requirements, especially for the new EU member states. In this study, we aimed to put forward both the structural framework and the objectives of these requirements and we aimed to evaluate the effects of this structural change process in the recent period. In these evaluations, it is seen that the post-2010 period was especially meaningful for us due to the global criterion of global compliance established by the first fifteen countries. Therefore, the difference in development between the new EU member states and the first advanced member states made it necessary to address the EU harmonization criteria more meaningful precisely. In this context, it can be said that this is this main framework that determines the global economic-financial compliance obligations within the framework of EU countries.

Financial updates in this stage are in the scope of the structural of the common macroeconomics modify via applications setting to analyse all the other macroeconomics and financial values. In both the qualitative and quantitative stage, the existence of current financial structural modifications is inevitable for the EU. It appears that this fact has to be considered for the maintenance of a common monetary union in the future of EU requires this considered common procedures of economic and financial framework direct to the future of EU. KEY WORDS: E uropean Union (EU), Financial integration, Financial modification, Financial updates.

NOTE: BAP-18-İİBF-1009-102, Bu Çalışma Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHOR: AHMET NIYAZI ÖZKER ASSOC. PROF. DR. PUBLIC FINANCE DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BANDIRMA ONYEDI EYLUL UNIVERSITY TURKEY niyaziozker@yahoo.com

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CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT SANDRA BENIĆ

ABSTRACT The very simple definition of risk, the potential for loss, varies widely depending on the industry and other factors. Financial crime has been growing globally, especially fraud, becoming one of the biggest risks that everybody can suffer. Financial institutions try to offer best services to their clients, both individuals and companies, to respond to technological changes, to adjust according to the requests of the regulators. It is important to avoid or lower losses, to protect assets and to respond to client’s request.

Banks have to manage risks adequately as well as to be aware of and manage fraud. Credit risk is one of the most widespread risks. With different models and sets of data it is possible to predict the probability of default; qualitative and quantitative methods for evaluating credit risk based on borrower information as well as understanding and evaluating financial statements help to measure if the client is more or less risky. For financial institutions it is important that money is lent for legitimate purposes, that money will be paid as agreed by both parties; that money comes from legal sources; that there are no conflicts of interests; that all customers get the same conditions. Collaterals are also important part of the whole process as well as the proposed transaction itself. Controlling credit risk and dealing with post-lending potential problems are the next steps. Through credit risk management many decisions can be changed. This paper sets the following objectives: higher awareness of risks and fraud, understanding risk management, especially credit risk management and its importance.

KEY WORDS: Risk, Credit Risk, Management.

NOTE: The views expressed in this paper are not offical views of Zagrebačka banka d.d., UniCredit Group.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHOR: SANDRA BENIĆ M.A., ZAGREBAČKA BANKA D.D. UNICREDIT GROUP ZAGREB, CROATIA sanab14@hotmail.com

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2MS1 FRIDAY 25TH OCTOBER 2019 11.30 – 13:00 ROOM 1

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PROMOTING ENTREPRENURIAL ORIENTATION IN SERVICE FIRMS TERJE SLÅTTEN - ELISE JOHANSEN

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on how to foster entrepreneurial orientation in service firms. Entrepreneurial orientation embraces firm’s processes, methods and decisions. Previous research has to a little extent has taken a broad approach when studying firms entrepreneurial orientation. In contrast, this study includes three different levels of fostering factors and links these to entrepreneurial orientation. The suggested conceptual model is tested in an empirical study.

The findings reveal that communication pattern and leadership as role model were the two most influential factors to promote a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation. Furthermore, the findings reveal that entrepreneurial orientation is related to employees’ commitment and a firm’s competitive power. The study offers several implications on the basis of the findings.

KEY WORDS: E ntrepreneurial orientation, Organizational climate, Leadership, Competitive power.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: TERJE SLÅTTEN ASSOSICATE PROFESSOR Terje.slatten@inn.no ELISE JOHANSEN elisej88@gmail.com FOR BOTH AUTHORS: INLAND NORWAY UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES NORWAY

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IMPACT OF POLITICAL MARKETING IN DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT ON VOTERS REGARDING THEIR AREA OF RESIDENCE ZDRAVKO TOLUŠIĆ - ŽARKO STILIN - IVAN KELIĆ

ABSTRACT Political parties use market information to influence shaping of a product they are offering.

Political marketing is defined as a relationship between the political subject and the market.

It refers to those political actors who have realized the importance, effect and techniques of business marketing. It studies relationships between products of political organizations and demands of the market. Political marketing uses techniques of marketing in order to reach its goals. Today’s 21st century is marked by the use of electronic media. The Internet is a basis of everyday life. Political marketing has recognized trends and has directed a large percentage of action on digital environment. The greatest advantage of political e-marketing is efficient communication with a large number of potential consumers, in this case, of political subjects with their potential voters. Long-term goal of political subjects is political power. There is no difference between the application of traditional and political marketing in digital environment.

This paper presents results of a research whose aim was determining whether political marketing in digital environment has a bigger influence on voters in rural or in urban electoral units. Research sample consisted of voters in IV and VIII electoral units during electoral campaign for Croatian Parliament in 2016. Research was conducted using a questionnaire among potential voters. The aforementioned electoral units were chosen due to their differences, IV being a predominantly rural electoral unit, and VIII as a predominantly urban electoral unit. The results show that there is no difference between voters in IV and VIII electoral units; in other words, that influence of political marketing in digital environment is almost the same regardless of the voters’ area of residence. It is necessary to emphasize that the Republic of Croatia is a specific area in which political marketing has a weak influence on voters. This research can aid better understanding of political marketing in digital environment and can become a foundation of marketing strategy of political subjects in the next elections for Parliament.

KEY WORDS: P olitical marketing, e-political marketing, Rural electoral unit, Urban electoral unit.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: ZDRAVKO TOLUŠIĆ PROFESSOR ztolusic@efos.hr ŽARKO STILIN PhD zarko.stilin@hep.hr FOR ALL AUTHORS: FACULTY OF ECONOMICS IN OSIJEK OSIJEK, CROATIA

IVAN KELIĆ ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ikelic@efos.hr 19

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BULGARIAN NASCENT STUDENT TECHNOPRENEURS: MOTIVES, PERCEPTIONS OF BARRIERS AND STARTUP ACTIVITIES DESISLAVA YORDANOVA

ABSTRACT In the global economy, entrepreneurship and technology are considered as two important engines for economic growth and sustainability and their combination may create value for firms and may increase the wealth of nations and regions (McPhee and Bailetti, 2012; Mirchev and Dicheva, 2013; Bailetti, 2012). Technology entrepreneurship is an important and fascinating scientific field which is relatively unexplored and thus presents various new research opportunities (Shane and Venkataraman, 2003). Several studies reviewing technology entrepreneurship research (Ratinho et al., 2015; Ferreira et al., 2015; Bailetti, 2012; Spiegel and Marxt, 2011, Mosey, 2016; Mosey et al., 2017) demonstrate that there is a lack of understanding about pre-venture processes in technology entrepreneurship. Given these gaps, the research objective of the present study is to identify motives, startup activities and perceptions of barriers of Bulgarian nascent technopreneurs. This study utilizes a database about technology entrepreneurship collected using a cross-sectional survey among science and engineering students in 15 Bulgarian universities. Technology entrepreneurship is defined as the creation of a new technology-based business while technology-based business is described as a business whose products or services depend largely on the application of scientific or technological knowledge (Allen, 1992). The sample for this study is extracted from the database and is composed of science and engineering students, who are involved in nascent technology entrepreneurship. The research findings reveal the most important motives, most frequently performed startup activities and the perceived barriers to nascent student technopreneurship. There are differences in the motives, startup activities and perceptions of barriers between Bulgarian nascent student entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. The study provides practical implications for policy makers and educators and recommendations for future research.

KEY WORDS: Nascent technopreneurs, Motivation, Startup activities, Barriers.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHOR: DESISLAVA YORDANOVA PROFESSOR SOFIA UNIVERSITY “ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI�

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SOFIA, BULGARIA d_yordanova@abv.bg

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THE IMPORTANCE OF JOB ENGAGEMENT AMONG NURSES? TERJE SLĂ…TTEN - GUDBRAND LIEN

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the concept of job engagement. Specfically, the aim is to explore whether and in what way it can be stated that job engagement is important for those people that constitute frontline employees in hospitals. Frontline employees in this study refer specifically to hospital nurses. Although, there has been an extensive research on the importance of job engagement there has been a lack of studies considering the importance of job engagement from a hospital nurse perspective. In line with existing research job engagment is conceptualized to consists of three dimensions: I) vigor; II) dedication, and III) absorption. A empircal study where undertaken where nurses working in public hospitals in Norway participated. To reveal the actual importance of job engagment both direct and indirect effect of hospital nurses job engagement were examined. The findings reveal that nurses job engagement is a driver to their work performance, refeering to the level of service quality delivered to hospital patients. Morover, the findings reveal that level of hospital nurses job engagment is closely linked to how they experience or perceive their hospital (organizsational) culture and climate. Several theoretical and practical implications on the basis of the findings are offered.

KEYWORDS: Culture, Climate, Job engagement, Service quality.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: TERJE SLĂ…TTEN ASSOSICATE PROFESSOR Terje.slatten@inn.no GUDBRAND LIEN PROFESSOR Gudbrand.lien@inn.no FOR BOTH AUTHORS: INLAND NORWAY UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES NORWAY

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GENDER STRUCTURE IN HIGHER EDUCATION REVISITED: A CASE STUDY OF CHANGE-RESISTING ACADEMIC HIERARCHY SLAVICA MANIĆ

ABSTRACT Since the beginning of this century substantial global reforms aimed at empowering women’s position were designed and more or less implemented. They have resulted in the following noticeable improvements: the share of women in master and PhD studies as well as the percentage of women full professors has shown a tendency to rise, while the number of female researchers has increasing at a faster rate compared to their male colleagues.

Nevertheless, the top positions of the academic hierarchy remain dominated by men whereas gender structure at faculties and universities seems to be relatively resistant to change.

In order to promote gender equality as one of the priority areas of structural reforms in Serbia, the latest strategic initiatives for the period until 2020 were prepared accordingly to the fundamental principles of European policy in this domain. These initiatives particularly emphasize the following goals: changing of gender patterns, consistent implementation of already adopted policy of equal opportuinities and systematic introducing of the gendertransformative approach (so-called gender mainstreaming) into adoption, implementation and monitoring of public policies. Since the concretization of tasks under the second of the above stated objectives implies, among other things, reporting on gender-balanced policies within companies and institutions, we decided to put as the subject of our study the Faculty of Economics in Belgrade. Relying on the available data (the share of women in the student population – all levels of studies, the structure of teaching staff by gender and grades, the participation of women in decision-making positions), we shall apply the descriptive statistics’ methodology in order to calculate the absolute and relative indicators of the women’s positioning. Main aims of our research are twofold: a) to determine whether the state of affairs at the analyzed institution corresponds to the conclusion about the unaltered gender’s hierarchy in the academia; b) to find out are there any modalities of gender-balanced policies at the micro level that can relativize subordination of women (i.e. to inqiry whether male domination is still considered to be a form of social segregation which is almost resistant to change).

KEY WORDS: Gender structure, Higher education, Academic hierarchy, Vertical segregation.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHOR: SLAVICA MANIĆ FULL PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS BELGRADE, SERBIA slavica@ekof.bg.ac.rs

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DO BUSINESS STUDENTS SEEMS TO HAVE A MORE APPROPRIATE LEARNING STRATEGY COMPARED TO OTHER STUDENTS? CHRISTIAN KROGH - TERJE SLÅTTEN

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to compare learning strategies among types of students in higher education. Previous research has limited its focus to compare students on topics such as degree of social responsibility, personal values, academic dishonesty/integrety and emotional intelligence. In contrast to previous studies this study addresses the issue of whether business students’ learning strategies are more coherent compared to other group of students. Our knowledge and understanding of this issue to date has been limited even though learning strategies as a topic has gained considerable attention in educational research. The study applied the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) to clarify the differences in study strategies among groups of students. The findings from the statistical test indicates that business students seems have a more appropriate learning strategies compared with other groups of students included in the study. The paper discusses potential reasons for why there exist differences in learning strategies among groups of students and provides theoretical as well as practical implications on the basis of the findings.

KEY WORDS: L earning, Business students, Higher education, Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI).

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: CHRISTIAN KROGH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Christian.Krogh@inn.no TERJE SLÅTTEN ASSOSICATE PROFESSOR Terje.slatten@inn.no FOR BOTH AUTHORS: INLAND NORWAY UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES NORWAY

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2MS2 FRIDAY 25TH OCTOBER 2019 11.30 – 13:00 ROOM 2

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WORD OF MOUTH IN TOURISM – A SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS ALEKSANDAR GRUBOR - DRAŽEN MARIĆ - KSENIJA LEKOVIĆ

ABSTRACT In spite of the efforts of tourism marketers to encourage consumers to revisit particular tourist destination, other factors contribute to this decision-making process. In this way, recommendations from family members and friends are considered to be trustful source of information in the process of choosing a tourist destination. Regardless of whether or not they had visited a tourist destination themselves, consumers recommend it to their family members and friends. This study represents an analysis of consumers’ socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, education) differentiating between those who recommend, who intend to recommend and those who do not. The sample included 250 respondents from the territory of Province of Vojvodina.

In order to test proposed hypothesis statistical methods such as t test for independent samples and ANOVA were used.

KEY WORDS: Word of mouth, Recommendations, Tourism, Decision making process.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: ALEKSANDAR GRUBOR FULL PROFESSOR agrubor@ef.uns.ac.rs DRAŽEN MARIĆ ASSISTANT PROFESSOR drazen.maric@ef.uns.ac.rs KSENIJA LEKOVIĆ ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ksenija.lekovic@ef.uns.ac.rs FOR ALL AUTHORS: UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD FACULTY OF ECONOMICS IN SUBOTICA SUBOTICA, SERBIA

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CONSUMER ANALYTICS, EXOGENOUS COGNITION AND THE DISCIPLINARY NEXUS ANDREW SMITH - JOHN HARVEY - JAMES GOULDING - GAVIN SMITH

ABSTRACT Marketing imperatives have driven the pervasive computing/smart-technology revolution and therefore the consumer analytics revolution. For example, Google is essentially a marketing entity that makes its money from analytics-driven targeted marketing communications (MC) through the provision of a distributed system of software and computing (use of this system is ‘free’; we pay by relinquishing our personal data). We make many decisions as consumers as opposed to the other roles we fulfill; myriad such decisions confront us on a daily basis. These range from ‘routine’ or habitual choices made with little cognitive effort (e.g. a bottle of milk) to decisions about high involvement purchases (e.g. the purchase of a vehicle) with a continuum of involvement in-between. We assert that a comprehensive understanding of the seismic impact of pervasive analytics (and associated smart device interactions) on this spectrum of consumer cognitive processes are not possible without new concepts, structures and taxonomies and that these new artefacts of understanding must be interdisciplinary in nature. We propsose that a system of exogenous cognition (Smith 2019) now exists; a symbiotic system of endogenous/mind based cognition nourishing and nourished by the exogenous cognition residing in a distributed system of algorithmic dependent computing (informed by and reflecting back our behaviour, preferences and sentiment). We base this notion on the extended mind (Menary 2010) and the existence of external cognitive systems (Barr et al. 2015). This concept builds on and conflates concepts from philosophy (of the mind), pyschology, data science, human-computer interaction (HCI), marketing science and economics.

KEY WORDS: Analytics, Consumer, Exogenous cognition, Marketing, Smart-technology.

References Barr, N., Pennycook, G., Stolz, J.A. and Fugelsang, J.A. 2015. The brain in your pocket: Evidence that smartphones are used to supplant thinking. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, pp.473–480.

Menary, R. ed. 2010. The extended mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Smith, A. 2019. Consumer Behaviour and Analytics. Routledge. Abingdon.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: ANDREW SMITH PROFESSOR, Dr. andrew.p.smith@nottingham.ac.uk JOHN HARVEY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, Dr. john.harvey2@nottingham.ac.uk JAMES GOULDING ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, Dr. james.goulding@nottingham.ac.uk

FOR ALL AUTHORS: N/LAB - NOTTINGHAM UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL NOTTINGHAM, UK

GAVIN SMITH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, Dr. gavin.smith@nottingham.ac.uk 27

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OVERCOMING THE FEAR: WOMEN VACATIONING ALONE ANDREIA PEREIRA - CLÁUDIA SEABRA - CARLA SILVA

ABSTRACT Woman in tourism, especially those who choose to vacationing alone, are exposed to social and safety concerns frequently linked to their gender (Brown & Osman, 2017, Seow & Brown, 2018). Considering the travel restrictions common to all tourists such as the lack of time, money, opportunity, and psychological factors (Crawford & Godbey, 1987), female tourists are not subject to the same travel constraints as male travelers (Hudson, 2000; Nyaupane & Andereck, 2008). Previous research shows several limitations such as family responsibilities (Yang & Tung, 2018, Seow & Brown, 2018), fear of aggression, physical or verbal hostility (Shaw 1994, Wilson & Little 2008, Jordan & Aitchison 2008, Mura & Khoo-Lattimore), or family and friends’ views (Shaw, 1994; Fischlmayr, 2002).

The conceptual work aims to collaborate to the research of women solo travelling through an extend literature review. The study intends to bridge motivations of females that choose to vacationing alone and their gender travel constrains. The relevance of the subject is justified by the need to fill the lack of literature in this tourist segment and also contribute to the study of gender in tourism.

KEY WORDS: Solo travel, Female tourists, Constraints, Motivations.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: ANDREIA PEREIRA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF VISEU VISEU, PORTUGAL arapereira7@gmail.com CLÁUDIA SEABRA UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA FACULTY OF ARTS & HUMANITIES COIMBRA, PORTUGAL cseabra@uc.pt CARLA SILVA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF VISEU VISEU, PORTUGAL csilva@estgv.ipv.pt

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OUTSOURCING BUSINESS-LOGISTICS SERVICES: THE INCLUSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY MARKO BUDLER

ABSTRACT Outsourcing of business-logistics services is a well-established business practice that allows an outsourcer to obtain the services or products from a logistics-service provider. The outsourcer can order a range of business-logistics services, including but not limited to warehousing, transportation, and forwarding. Outsourcers adopted outsourcing to reduce costs, focus on core activities, and to increase customer-satisfaction levels. Hence, the outsourcers had traditionally focused on service-provider selection criteria such as costs, quality, and responsiveness whilst having devoted considerably less attention to how sustainably the practices are carried out. Past research identified different external and internal motivators that facilitate consideration of sustainability in selection of the service providers (see e.g., Walker, 2008), whereas the current study investigates the outsourcers’ perception of importance of environmental sustainability when selecting a business-logistics service provider. We use a vantage point of outsourcers (“buyers”) to conduct the quantitative research based on a survey conducted on large manufacturing companies. The findings reveal a (mis)match between the perception of importance and realized inclusion of environmental-sustainability criteria. Ultimately, this study finds a link between the levels of perception and rate of adoption, and provides the future avenues to facilitate the research on the adoption of environmental-sustainability criteria in the selection of the businesslogistics service providers.

KEY WORDS: S ustainability, Environment, Green logistics, Service providers, Outsourcing.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHOR: MARKO BUDLER PH.D, LECTURER AND RESEARCHER UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA marko.budler@ef.uni-lj.si

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THIRD-GENERATION DIASPORA AS A MARKETING SEGMENT FOR THE TOURIST INDUSTRY: DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH AGENDA ON THE CROATIAN-AUSTRALIAN CASE DORIS PERUČIĆ

ABSTRACT Many European countries have a strong tradition of overseas migrations (primarily into Australia, North and South America), which has led to the development of specific Diaspora identities, tied both to the host country and the faraway ‘original motherland’. By the third generation, the former immigrants become fully integrated into the host country’s culture and identity. Many Diaspora communities retain their ‘original’ cultural and other social characteristics and remain connected to their country of origin. Although the incentives to travel and experience the ‘original motherland’ may remain relatively strong, it is questionable whether the ‘traditional’ appeal to see the country of one’s origins presents an efficient means of marketing communication with the third Diaspora generation. Tourism significantly contributes to the economic growth of Croatia as one of the leading tourist destination in the Mediterranean. Croatia needs to pay more attention to its Diaspora which is neglected as a potential marketing segment. The development of «Diaspora tourism» can considerably contribute to the augmentation of interest of other citizens in host countries for visiting Croatia, as the positive word of mouth information is the most powerful force in attracting new visitors. By using the specific case of Croatian Australians, the paper suggests the development of the research model on this specific issue. The objectives of this paper are: to perform a thorough analysis of the existing literature on the relevant ‘Diaspora tourism’ issues and to identify the main directions for the empirical research in this field. Several interviews with key experts from the Croatian Australian community were conducted. By using the qualitative research methods important research topics were identified, including specific issues of relevance for the ‘Diaspora tourism’ and a research instrument (questionnaire) was constructed, applicable for the subsequent empirical research.

KEY WORDS: D iaspora tourism, Croatian Australian community, Research model, Marketing segment.

DETAILS ABOUT THE AUTHOR: DORIS PERUČIĆ ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR EDWARD BERNAYS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ZAGREB, CROATIA doris.perucic@bernays.hr

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3MS1 FRIDAY 25TH OCTOBER 2019 14.30 – 16:00 ROOM 1

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TERRORISM THREAT AND TRAVEL BEHAVIORS IN THE EU28: MILLENNIAL’S REACTION CLÁUDIA SEABRA

ABSTRACT Recent studies showed that terrorism and political tensions are on the top concerns of all generations, however Millennials ranked “war, terrorism and political tension” as a top concern above healthcare, hunger, unemployment or the environment, to mention some of the highest ranked categories. In addition, the same study showed that this sentiment was more dominant among young people in mature economies, particularly in Europe (Deloitte, 2017).

The subject of our study is to evaluate the impact of terrorism in Millennials’ travel and leisure behaviors. Using a survey approach, with a sample of more than 1000 Millennials living and studying in the EU28, it was possible to evaluate their perceptions of risk when travelling and consuming leisure activities in their own countries, in Europe and worldwide. Results allowed drawing important insights for policymaking and marketing strategies in the field of tourism.

KEY WORDS: Millennials, Tourism, Leisure, Risk perception, Terrorism.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This work was funded by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UID/ECO/00124/2013 and Social Sciences DataLab, Project 22209), POR Lisboa (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007722 and Social Sciences DataLab, Project 22209) and POR Norte (Social Sciences DataLab, Project 22209) and under the project UID/Multi/04016/2019. Also, the first author was supported by FCT with a scholarship SFRH/BPD/109245/2015. Furthermore, we would like to thank the Nova School of Business and Economics, CEGOT - Geography and Spatial Planning Research Centre, and CI&DETS – Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health for their support.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHOR: CLÁUDIA SEABRA PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA FACULTY OF ARTS & HUMANITIES COIMBRA, PORTUGAL cseabra@uc.pt

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THE ROLE OF MARKETING IN A NEW TOURISM PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT KRISTIAN ŠUSTAR - DRAGO RUŽIĆ

ABSTRACT Croatian tourism grew substantially, but to maintain its sustainability, it is necessary to change the accommodation structure, i.e. to increase the number of hotels in the accommodation structure. Croatia generates almost 90% of its tourist revenue within four summer months.

This situation leads to multiple problems related to tourism sustainability in its entirety and, although the physical indicators are recording exceptional growth, in conclusion, we are not achieving the expected results, but to the contrary, the average tourist expenditure per booked night is in a continuous decline.

The main reason of high seasonality rate is an inadequate capacity structure, which is country specific and incomparable with Mediterranean countries. Hotels and apart-hotels account for 13,15% of the capacity structure, whereas the camp sites with 23,10% and private accommodation with 55,90% are dominant in the capacity structure. The dominant capacities are closely related to seasonality and are active on the market in summer months.

At the same time, the positive fact is that we have created adequate strategic preconditions i.e. documents and it is necessary to turn back to the tourism development strategy by 2020 followed by the action plan and to start with the realization. Based on the above-mentioned strategy, it is necessary to change the current capacity structure and to develop new capacities, mainly hotel capacities. In the development of hotel capacities, it is necessary to follow the globally recognized methodology that must be carried out by marketing. Using proven tourist development models that will have marketing support i.e. marketing will hold the key role in all development stages, especially in concept and planning phase, we will create preconditions for profitable, sustainable and successful tourist development and, hence, for the successful tourist sector.

KEY WORDS: Tourism, Seasonality, Development, Hotels, Marketing.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: KRISTIAN ŠUSTAR PHD STUDENT kristian.sustar@gmail.com DRAGO RUZIC PROFESSOR drago.ruzic@efos.hr FOR BOTH AUTHORS: UNIVERSITY JOSIP JURAJ STROSSMAYER OSIJEK FACULTY OF ECONOMICS OSIJEK, CROATIA

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TOURIST EXPECTATIONS AND MEMORABLE EXPERIENCES AT FLAGSHIP ATTRACTIONS FELICITE FAIRER-WESSELS - ELIZABETH DU PREEZ - ANNELI DOUGLAS

ABSTRACT Tourism destinations are recognized as amalgams of tourism products offering an integrated experience to tourists. Tourism destinations should be able to deliver unique, extraordinary and memorable tourism experiences (MTE) to target tourists to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. A tourist experience is affected by tangible products and experienced services and also by the degree in which a specific experience is unforgettable and thus, memorable. In brief, expectations are defined as anticipated traits, formed beliefs and predictions related to future events or states; whereas MTEs are defined as experience positively remembered after the event has occurred. Five flagship attractions have been identified to investigate tourist expectations and experience. The aim is to identify whether gaps exist between the expectations of tourists and their experience at major tourist attractions, based on established criteria of what constitutes a MTE, with a view to developing the destination to effectively serve the interest of visitors.

The method consists of two phases: first phase covers analysis of selected sites ito core tourism product offering; second phase covers an analysis of the tourists’ expectations and experiences at each site using a pre-visit and post-visit survey. With data collected a gap analysis with eleven factors between expectations and actual experiences of tourists is conducted. Findings indicate a total of 1537 responses generated from all sites, nearly equally divided between the pre and post visitors. Majority of results indicate a negative gap, i.e. expectations on a majority of factors are not met. Categories presenting the most significant negative gap is ‘content’ of the attractions, followed by ‘visitor management’ and ‘service quality’. In conclusion this research has in a limited way managed to identify what tourists expect of a diverse set of flagship attractions and can confirm whether they had a memorable experience at the selected attractions. (297w) KEY WORDS: M emorable tourism experiences, Expectations, Flagship attractions, South Africa.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: FELICITE FAIRER-WESSELS (PhD), ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR felicite.fairer-wessels@up.ac.za ELIZABETH DU PREEZ (PhD), SENIOR LECTURER/RESEARCHER elizabeth.dupreez@up.ac.za ANNELI DOUGLAS (PhD), ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR anneli.douglas@up.ac.za FOR ALL AUTHORS: UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA FACULTY OF ECONOMIC & MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA 34

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THE IMPACT OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE MARGARIDA VICENTE - ANTÓNIO FIGUEIREDO - ANTÓNIO MÁRIO RODRIGUES

ABSTRACT In export markets, firms are completely exposed to opportunities and threats associated to rapid changes in customers, technology and competitors. International business arena is dynamic, and firms need to continuously develop core capabilities to improve competitiveness and performance in export markets. The dynamic capability view suggests that, in order to outperform competitors and ensure continuous innovation, exporting firms must possess dynamic capabilities (Eisenhardt & Martin, 2000; Teece, Pisano, & Shuen, 1997). They generate new knowledge, products, and processes, which allow for the creation of new competitive advantages that results in superior export performance (Teece, et al., 1997).

Although there is evidence that dynamic capabilities are important to export performance and competitive advantage, few studies attempt to capture the full picture through the integration of both firms’ competitive advantage and performance in the same study. Despite the growing research on this topic, there is no consensus on how it should measure competitive advantage, and is often measured through the concept of performance. This study contributes to the strategic management literature by indicating how dynamic capabilities can enhance competitive advantage and, therefore, export performance. We seek to contribute toward emerging dynamic capability view, focusing on explaining how dynamic capabilities contribute to positional advantage in order to generate superior performance in export markets.

KEY WORDS: Dynamic capabilities, Competitive advantage, Export performance.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: MARGARIDA VICENTE PROFESSOR margarida@estv.ipv.pt ANTÓNIO FIGUEIREDO PROFESSOR ajfigueiredo@estgv.ipv.pt ANTÓNIO MÁRIO RODRIGUES PROFESSOR amario@estgv.ipv.pt FOR ALL AUTHORS: POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF VISEU HIGHER SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT VISEU, PORTUGAL

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Differentiating Factors for Success in the Wine Industry: The Dão Wine Region Case ANTÓNIO MÁRIO RODRIGUES - JOSÉ VASCONCELOS FERREIRA - ANTÓNIO JOSÉ FIGUEIREDO - MARGARIDA VICENTE

ABSTRACT Considering the wine industry of great relevance and as a priority area, given the enormous competition in the sector, it is imperative to invest in multiple actions that allow greater sustainability for the various actors involved. This research intends to identify the factors that justify a wine region performance, in comparison with its congeners, discussing how to deal with them in smaller demarcated regions, such as the Dão Wine Region, created in 1910. The implementation involves an analysis of the particularities of the wine industry and its management, the complete and integrated understanding of the functioning of a wine region, in comparison with other cases that can be considered successful.

The following questions were considered relevant for the research work: 1. Can wine-growing contribute to improve a territory sustainability?; 2. Are the Portuguese wine-growing regions an appropriate territorial division?; 3. What metrics should be used to measure a wine region performance?; 4. Can you identify factors that justify different performances?

As a first step and given the importance of Supply Chain Management in the business strategy, in the capture and retention of customers and markets, in the efficiency of operations management and in the profitability of the companies, a literature review was carried out in which we tried to find differentiating factors for the different anchor activities (Supplier Development, Production and Operations, Equipment and Infrastructures, Customer Service, Stock Management / Provisioning, Transport / Storage and Information Management).

Later, this research will try to present a model that formalizes the influence of the Differentiating Factors for Success of a wine region. This study will help the 115 economic agents currently operating in the Dão Region to make medium- and long-term decisions based on articulated strategic directions that ensure better sustainability for their business.

KEY WORDS: S upply Chain; Critical Success Factors; Sustainability; Wine Industry; Viticulture, Dão Demarcated Region.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS:

ANTÓNIO JOSÉ FIGUEIREDO* PROFESSOR ajfigueiredo@estgv.ipv.pt

ANTÓNIO MÁRIO RODRIGUES* PROFESSOR amario@estgv.ipv.pt JOSÉ VASCONCELOS FERREIRA PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND TOURISM AVEIRO, PORTUGAL josev@ua.pt 36

MARGARIDA VICENTE* PROFESSOR margarida@estv.ipv.pt FOR AUTHORS*: HIGHER SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF VISEU VISEU, PORTUGAL

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CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE IN TELECOMMUNICATION MARKET IN CROATIA PAULA OSTOJIĆ - MIROSLAV MANDIĆ

ABSTRACT Customer experience, in time of the experience economy and saturated global competition, is one of the main sources of sustained competitive advantage. Telecommunications are one of the most innovative, fast growing and highly competitive markets. Telecommunication operators, in order to accomplish business sustainability. Customer experience is one of the most important elements for reaching long-term success. This paper analyses theoretical background of customer experience, customer relationship management and it lays out results of conducted research which included both employees of mobile operators and customers. Exploratory and descriptive research were executed in order to gain narrow understanding of customer experience by conducting interviews with employees and customers, and in order to gain wider understanding of customer experience by conducting a questionnaire only with customers. Analysis established basic understanding of perception of customer experience and approach in managing customer experience as well as all the possibilities operators have for improving relationships with customers and their experience.

Customer expectations leave a window of opportunity for operators to find innovative ways of managing customer experience through creating innovative customer experience. Only by exercising all the options operators can create additional value for customers, which will lead to customer satisfaction and loyalty.

KEY WORDS: C ustomer experience, Customer relationship management, Telecommunication market, Croatia.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: PAULA OSTOJIĆ MA ostojic.paula@gmail.com MIROSLAV MANDIĆ ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR mmandic@efzg.hr FOR ALL AUTHORS: UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ZAGREB, CROATIA

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TECHNICAL AND APPLICATION PREREQUISITES FOR VIDEO BASED CV WEB PLATFORM INTENDED FOR INCREASE OF YOUTH EMPLOYABILITY DRAGO RUŽIĆ - DAVORIN TURKALJ - ANTUN BILOŠ

ABSTRACT After the economic crises in 2008, youth unemployment rates have been severely affected and have generally recorded a rise in the following years with the highest recorded rate of 24.1% in 2013. Since then, youth unemployment rates have been stabilized with the lowest record of 14.2% in 2019 for the European Union (Statista.com, 2019) which is still more than double the average unemployment rate for all ages (Eurostat, 2019). Although youth unemployment tends to be higher than in other age groups mainly because young people represent an unexperienced labor force that doesn’t get employed right after they finish their formal education, some authors believe it is due to lack of coordination or inability to match the qualified workforce to vacant positions (Bedürftig et. al., 2015). Because of that and many other socio-economic factors, Europe 2020 strategy promotes Europe’s potential for inclusive growth & a high employment economy. The importance of enabling young people to equally participate in the labor market is of the essence for economic growth. One of the attempts to tackle this issue is realized through Erasmus+ project named CUVID aimed at providing the young people a way to present themselves in a way that is more suited for someone who has not developed an impressive biography in video-based form. This paper analyses quality standards for video CV and eventual differences between consortium countries that participated in the project. From this analysis, a recommendations summary has been compiled which has been used in the development of video web platform. For this purpose, 19 expert interviews with HR managers/employers was carried out with the task to identify which expectations they would have towards video-based CVs and application.

Based on the research and the expert interview, requirements and transferability model for video CVs and the CUVID platform were developed.

KEYWORDS: Video, Web platform, Youth, Employability, Unemployment.

References: Statista (2019.): Youth unemployment rate in Europe (EU member states) as of January 2019 (seasonally adjusted), Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/266228/youth-unemploymentrate-in-eu-countries/ Accesed: 13.9.2019.

Eurostat (2019): Unemployment statstica, Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-ex­ plained/index.php/Unemployment_statistics#Youth_unemployment Acessed: 13.9.2019.

Bedürftig, M., Hieronimus, S., Klier, J. (2015): How business and government can bring young people into work, Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/how-business-and-government-can-bring-young-people-into-work# Acessed: 13.9.2019.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: DRAGO RUŽIĆ FULL PROFESSOR drago.ruzic@efos.hr DAVORIN TURKALJ ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR davorin.turkalj@efos.hr

ANTUN BILOŠ ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR antun.bilos@efos.hr FOR ALL AUTHORS: UNIVERSITY OF JOSIP JURAJ STROSSMAYER IN OSIJEK FACULTY OF ECONOMICS OSIJEK, CROATIA 40

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PREDICTING CONSUMER INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING SERVICES IN NORTH MACEDONIA MARINA MIJOSKA BELSOSKA - MARIJA TRPKOVA-NESTOROVSKA - KALINA TRENEVSKA BLAGOEVA

ABSTRACT Smart phones and mobile technologies are becoming increasingly available and affordable in the Republic of North Macedonia. Followed by this trend, many banks are providing banking services to customers via smart phones. They are increasingly investing in mobile channels by providing new mobile banking services. The penetration rate of smart phones is increasing globally and smart phones are the most used device for access to the Internet in the country i.e. by 81% of Internet users in 2018, and mostly among persons aged 15-24 (91.8%) (State Statistical Office, 2019). Therefore, the goal of this research is to examine predictors of consumer intention to use mobile banking services in North Macedonia. In order to get insights regarding the user adoption of m-banking services in the country, a survey was conducted during April 2019 among more than 200 mobile users.

The research model proposed in this study examines the influence of several basic constructs that explain technology acceptance and innovation diffusion. In addition, its originality and practical implications is reflected in determining the significance of additional constructs that are specific for the m-banking domain, such as: technology characteristics, transaction costs, personal innovativeness, personal propensity to trust, social image, banks’ reputation and relative advantages.

The results of the empirical study are supporting the proposed basic constructs of the model and some specific relationships are unveiled. By highlighting the usefulness of integrating constructs from different theories of technology acceptance, this research is a holistic approach representing a solid base for future studies on the adoption of new technologies in the country. From practitioner’s viewpoint, this research offers valuable insights for developing m-banking solutions.

KEY WORDS: Mobile banking, Technology adoption, Republic of North Macedonia.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: MARINA MIJOSKA BELSOSKA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR marina@eccf.ukim.edu.mk MARIJA TRPKOVA-NESTOROVSKA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR marijat@eccf.ukim.edu.mk KALINA TRENEVSKA BLAGOEVA PROFESSOR kalina@eccf.ukim.edu.mk

FOR ALL AUTHORS: FACULTY OF ECONOMICS – SKOPJE UNIVERSITY SS. CYRIL AND METHODIUS SKOPJE, NORTH MACEDONIA 41

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH OF IMPLEMENTING NUDGE IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR LIDIJA BIBER - MAJDA TAFRA

ABSTRACT The concept of nudge, nudging has reappeared as an object of attention of researchers with increased interest in behavioral economy and its implications in the contemporary market dynamics. With the global climate changes leading to what some call inevitable catastrophe and redefinition of both natural and social world as we know it, and with other related global issues from poverty and obesity to pollution and modern slavery in the so called supplier factories of fancy brands operating in China and SE Asia, the questions about using nudging by governments and public sector seems to be more relevant. If nudging means gently pushing into the right direction, to change behavior and make the right decisions, the dilemma is always how ethical that is and who is to say what is the right decision. On the strategic level governments seems to have made up their mind about the answer by signing up for seventeen development goals by 2030. Iti s asumed that for governments, units in the governments and public sector in general, nudging is about pushing towards policy implementation, both legally required and those beyond requirement. For communication scientists, nudging boils down to possible models in pursuit of understanding how best to communicate. Not forgetting the main principle of any practical communication Communication can only solve communication problems – the insight of communication science in nudging remains crucial for its understanding and future use. The aim of the paper is to frame the conceptual context of future research of nudging in order to draft possible multidisciplinary research area for investigating use of nudge in implementing government policies. Some of the concepts of the framework are: nudge theory, behavioral economy, behavioral paternalism, risk management, market nudge/government nudge, stakeholder theory, persuasion, two-way communication model, dialogue, ethical decision making.

Correlation of concepts in the context of researching nudge implementation in the public sector is investigated.

KEY WORDS: N udge/nudging, Behavioral economy, Stakeholder theory, Communication, Ethical decision making, DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: LIDIJA BIBER DOCTORAL STUDENT ALMA MATER EUROPAEA – ECM, MARIBOR, SLOVENIA lidija.biber@gmail.com MAJDA TAFRA PROFESSOR UAS BALTAZAR & UNIVERSITY OF DUBROVNIK ZAGREB, CROATIA majda.tafra@gmail.com

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resource determinants of the International diversification strategies: the case of the portuguese manufacturing industries smes ANTÓNIO JOSÉ FIGUEIREDO - MARGARIDA VICENTE - ANTÓNIO MÁRIO RODRIGUES

ABSTRACT International operations, with its multiplicity of objectives, can be seen as a diversification strategy, sometimes even as a strategic option taken as an effective alternative to product diversification. Focusing on a sample of SMEs of Portuguese manufacturing industries, this study analyzes the international diversification strategies and their resources and capabilities determinants. For that purpose, the effects of four resource bundles on two different dimensions of international diversification strategies are studied. Specifically, managerial resources, organizational capabilities, knowledge-based resources and relational resources of the firm are determinants to be considered, while the international diversification strategies are here investigated along the intensity and scope dimensions. The study draws on data collected by an online questionnaire using a sample of Portuguese firms. A structural equation model was used to test the hypothesis. The findings suggest the existence of different types of influence of the antecedents, according to companies’ options in various dimensions of the international diversification strategies. These results provide guidelines for managers and generate directions for future research.

KEY WORDS: I international diversification, Managerial resources, Organizational capabilities, Knowledge-based resources, Relational resources.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: ANTÓNIO JOSÉ FIGUEIREDO PROFESSOR ajfigueiredo@estgv.ipv.pt MARGARIDA VICENTE PROFESSOR margarida@estgv.ipv.pt ANTÓNIO MÁRIO RODRIGUES PROFESSOR amario@estgv.ipv.pt FOR ALL AUTHORS: POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF VISEU HIGHER SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT VISEU, PORTUGAL

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ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AND BAD CHOICES FOR LENDING IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR – A CASE STUDY IN BALKAN COUNTRIES WITH A SPECIFIC FOCUS IN KOSOVO SHKËLQESA SMAJLI

ABSTRACT In transactions in financial markets, one party often does not know all that is needed to know the other party in order to make the right decisions. This disparity in the information that each party has is called asymmetric information.

In this paper, various indicators that influence information asymmetry have been studied, namely increasing interest rates on bank loans and increasing their number, especially bad loans.

Asymmetric information to banks in Kosovo has played a key role in lending in the most difficult time this newly formed state has had since the 1998-1999 war. Therefore, this paper presents a case study of asymmetric information in Kosovo with different economic indicators in the banking sector at the time of transition and its state-building.

KEY WORDS: Asymmetric information, Bad choice, Credits, Banks, Kosovo.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHOR: SHKËLQESA SMAJLI PHD STUDENT UNIVERISTY OF ZAGREB FACULTY OF ECONOMIS AND BUSINESS ASSISTANT UNIVERSITY OF PEJA „HAXHI ZEKA“ FACULTY OF BUSINESS PEJA, KOSOVO Shkelqesa.smajli@unhz.eu

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WHAT CHALLENGES IN INTERNET MARKETING COMMUNICATION ARE RECOGNIZED BY CROATIAN MARKETING AGENCIES? PETRA ODELJAN - IVA GREGUREC

ABSTRACT It is indisputable that the internet leaves an indelible mark on many changes in the world every day. But what is important to us as marketers is what changes the internet leaves on communication between businesses and consumers. It is certainly important to point out that, from a business perspective, the internet marketing communication is the one that takes their business to a whole new dimension, which they, on a daily basis, must adapt to, given the challenges they face if they want to survive on the market. But they also must adapt to that challenges to gain some form of competitive advantage. This paper provides an insight into which challenges marketing agencies are facing on the Croatian market in this most dynamic field of marketing discipline. In addition to the theoretical basis that this paper shows, the paper also presents the results of quantitative research conducted using a questionnaire on managers of Croatian marketing agencies.

KEY WORDS: I nternet, Iinternet marketing communication, Ihallenges, Iarketing agencies.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: PETRA ODELJAN STUDENT petraodeljan@gmail.com IVA GREGUREC ASSISTANT PROFESSOR iva.gregurec@foi.hr FOR BOTH AUTHORS: UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB FACULTY OF ORGANIZATION AND INFORMATICS VARAŽDIN, CROATIA

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NATION BRANDING - ATTITUDES ABOUT INDIA AMONG CROATIAN STUDENTS TIHOMIR VRANEŠEVIĆ - PAVAO VRANEŠEVIĆ

ABSTRACT Nation Brand is not just a combination of brand elements of identity (elements like a sign or a logo, a color, a slogan...), but rather it also implies a long-term strategic goal and an organized effort to determine what the “whole nation” (better to say: national elite - in reality) wants and where to position the nation or the country on the map of the world nations compared to other nations and/or states. It is a prerequisite to look at the nation as a brand to take advantage of all brand management tools and activities to gain properly position of the nation. The specificity is that the nation as a brand implies all members of the people involved in the various intensive, i.e. they are an integral part of the national identity and there are some challenges in building a desired position that can easily be described as image and reputation of the nation and/or country. It should be noted that the brand is an attempt to establish long-term relationships (a kind of contract) in which everyone involved will benefit... and in branding the state there are many stakeholders - both internal and external.

The instrument of the research was developed on the basis of FutureBrand´s Association dimensions with adequate adaptation of features in dimensions (value system, quality of life, business potential, heritage & culture, tourism, “made-in” and adding brand new dimension: sport & sport achievements due to checking the assumption of whether sport & sport achievements were of importance in the nation’s brand valuation. The results indicate that the country’s brand is a complex construct that needs to be further explored in order to exploit the significance of the brand in today’s global circumstances and above all in the dominant globalization processes.

KEY WORDS: Nation, Branding, Attitudes, India, Croatia, Students.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: TIHOMIR VRANEŠEVIĆ PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS ZAGREB, CROATIA tvranesevic@efzg.hr PAVAO VRANEŠEVIĆ MA CITY ZAGREB TOURIST ASSOCIATION ZAGREB, CROATIA pavovranes@gmail.com

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MARKETING OF URBAN TOURISM IN A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE CASE OF ZAGREB MARTINA BIENENFELD - MARIO BANOŽIĆ

ABSTRACT Urban tourism involves trips with visits to big or small cities that are motivated by different reasons. Motives for visiting an urban destination can be an interest in learning about history, art, heritage or lifestyle, which is often referred to as cultural tourism. In addition to cultural tourism, which is mainly a mainstay of urban tourism development, the reasons for visiting urban areas are also the offer of smaller environments (concerts, nightlife, sporting events...), education, business tourism (business deals, fairs) up to shopping tourism, which has been intensively developed in our country in recent years with the construction of large shopping centers. By analyzing the available literature and previous research on the topic, we wanted to see how much and how modern techniques and tools of electronic marketing have been accepted in urban tourism by the City of Zagreb especially in its promotional activities. The paper provides a systematic and comprehensive overview and analysis of the current state of use of electronic marketing techniques and tools in urban tourism in the City of Zagreb, with the aim of identifying relevant strategic options that can achieve the growth of tourism activity in the City of Zagreb through stronger promotion in the digital environment.

KEY WORDS: U rban tourism, Marketing techniques, Electronic marketing, Promotional activities.

DETAILS ABOUT AUTHORS: MARTINA BIENENFELD PHD ZAGREB TOURIST BOARD martina.bienenfeld269@gmail.com MARIO BANOŽIĆ ASSISTANT PROFESSOR COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES „LAVOSLAV RUŽIĆKA“ IN VUKOVAR DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE banozic.mario@gmail.com

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Index of authors B

L

BANOŽIĆ, MARIO 47 BENIĆ, SANDRA 15 BIBER, LIDIJA 42 BIENENFELD, MARTINA 47 BILOŠ, ANTUN 40 BUDLER, MARKO 29

LEKOVIĆ, KSENIJA 26 LIEN, GUDBRAND 21 LIVADA, ALEXANDRA 3

M

MAMUCHEVSKA, DANIELA 11 MANDIĆ, MIROSLAV 37 MANFREDA, ANTON 6, 7 MANIĆ, SLAVICA 22 MARIĆ, DRAŽEN 26 MENON, KALYANI 2 METAXAS, THEODOROS 10, 12, 13 MIJOSKA BELSOSKA, MARINA 41

D

DOUGLAS, ANNELI 34 DU PREEZ, ELIZABETH 34

F

FAIRER-WESSELS, FELICITE 34 FIGUEIREDO, ANTÓNIO 35 FIGUEIREDO, ANTÓNIO JOSÉ 36, 43 FÜRST, ELMAR WILHELM M. 4

N

NIKOU, RANIA 12 NIYAZI ÖZKER, AHMET 14

G

O

GOULDING, JAMES 27 GREGUREC, IVA 45 GROZNIK, ALEŠ 7 GRUBOR, ALEKSANDAR 26

ODELJAN, PETRA 45 OSTOJIĆ, PAULA 37

P

PEREIRA, ANDREIA 28 PERUČIĆ, DORIS 30 PSOFOGIORGOS, NIKOLAOS ALEXANDROS 13

H

HARVEY, JOHN 27 HUBER, PETER C. 4

J

R

JOHANSEN, ELISE 18

RODRIGUES, ANTÓNIO MÁRIO 35, 36, 43 RUŽIĆ, DRAGO 33, 40

K

S

KECHAGIA, POLYXENI 10 KELIĆ, IVAN 19 KOBAYASHI, HAJIME 5 KOZHESKI, KRISTIJAN 11 KROGH, CHRISTIAN 23

SEABRA, CLÁUDIA 28, 32 SILVA, CARLA 28 SLÅTTEN, TERJE 18, 21, 23 SMAJLI, SHKËLQESA 44 49

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SMITH, ANDREW 27 SMITH, GAVIN 27 STILIN, ŽARKO 19

TRPKOVA-NESTOROVSKA, MARIJA 41 TURKALJ, DAVORIN 40

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VASCONCELOS FERREIRA, JOSÉ 36 VELICKOVSKI, IGOR 11 VICENTE, MARGARIDA 35, 36, 43 VOGELAUER, CHRISTIAN 4 VRANEŠEVIĆ, PAVAO 46 VRANEŠEVIĆ, TIHOMIR 46

Š

ŠUSTAR, KRISTIAN 33

T

TAFRA, MAJDA 42 TAKEMURA, MASAAKI 5 TOLUŠIĆ, ZDRAVKO 19 TRENEVSKA BLAGOEVA, KALINA 41

Y

YORDANOVA, DESISLAVA 20

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