Health & Wellness

May 2017 A Special Supplement to

Health Education What are biologic medicines?

Solving the Puzzle Myths and misconceptions

about autism spectrum disorder

Snore Z Z Z Relief Breathing easier about Z

Z

CPAP treatment

Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

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Did you know?

Outdoor exercise can benefit both the planet and the people doing the exercising. By exercising outdoors instead of at home or at indoor fitness centers, men and women can reduce their carbon footprints. Exercising in the great outdoors does not require the use of energyconsuming fitness machines. In addition, when exercising outdoors during daylight hours, nature provides all the light men and women will need for their workouts, further reducing the average person’s energy consumption. And it’s not just adults who can benefit from spending more time outdoors. According to the Harvard Medical School, children are likely to get more exercise if they spend time outdoors than they are if they spend time indoors. A study from researchers in England used GPS devices and accelerometers to track the activity of 1,000 children. The children were more than twice as active when they were outside than they were when they were in inside. When children spend ample time outdoors, that, too, can benefit the environment. According to the National Institutes of Health, the average youngster spends three hours per day watching television and gets as much as seven hours of screen time each day. When kids are outdoors, they are less likely to be staring at energyconsuming screens and devices than they are when they’re indoors.

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What are biologic medicines?

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Safeguard your eyes against computer vision syndrome

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Increase awareness of eye safety in summertime

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Senior living communities & in-home care - how to determine the best level of care for my loved one

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Myths and misconceptions about autism spectrum disorder

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Treatments for Alzheimer’s disease continue to evolve

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Personalized medicine may be the future of healthcare Did you know – doctor visits

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A 97-pound birthday present

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Mohs surgery can take care of most skin cancers

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Breathing easier about CPAP treatment

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Colorectal cancer: screening, early detection key to effective treatment

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How common is carpal tunnel?

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Signs of stress that must be addressed

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What are biologic medicines?

How biologics work According to WebMD, biologics are designed to inhibit specific components of the immune system that may cause a symptom of a disease.

For example, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the medication would suppress inflammation, which is a central feature of the disease. Biologics target specific parts of the immune system rather than broadly treating the body.

Diseases that may be treated by biologics include

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relatively recent wave of medications has provided significant advances in treating a wide range of illnesses, particularly those that are linked to auto-immune dysfunction or chronic ailments. Many people may be prescribed a biologic response modifier medicine at some point in their lives, and those who understand when and why such medications are prescribed may find such knowledge calms their nerves and reduces any confusion they might have about their conditions.

What are biologic response modifiers?

Biologics are derived from animal products.

First-generation biologic products included things like vaccines and blood components.

However, a newer wave of biologic medicines has come to market over the last decade or so.

These medications are manufactured through biotechnology and are complex proteins, sugars, nucleic acids, or a combination of these

rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and even certain cancers.

Side effects of biologic medicines Because most biologics are administered intravenously, injection-site irritation can be a common side effect. Biologics also carry a risk of infection. According to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, because biologics target the immune system, there is a risk for serious infection or disease.

Biologic medicines continue to evolve and can be used to treat a variety of medical conditions for which no other treatments are available or effective.

substances that are created from living cells. Cells may include yeast, bacteria or a widely used cell called CHO, which originated from hamsters in China. The U.S. Food & Drug Administration says biologics are often at the forefront of biomedical research and are continually evolving.

Why biologics are different Unlike traditional medicines, which are largely made from chemical components that follow a strict recipe for manufacture, many biologics are complex mixtures that are not easily replicated.

According to the resource Everyday Health, when biologics are made, a specific gene is isolated and inserted into the host cell’s DNA, where it will become permanent. The cell follows the instructions of the gene and how it was programmed and becomes a specifically functioning cell. This one reprogrammed cell is combined with others that have been made the same way.

The entire process of biologic manufacturing is

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complex, requiring state-of-the-art knowledge. It also requires entirely new biotechnology facilities and laboratories that employ top-notch scientists.

These factors combine to contribute to the generally high price tag of biologic medications.

Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

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Safeguard your eyes against computer vision syndrome

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echnology has simplified life in a myriad of ways. Thanks to their tablets and smartphones, many people now have a wealth of information at their disposal 24 hours a day, seven days week.

Computers, tablets and smartphones can now be seen just about everywhere, so it’s no wonder that studies have shown that as much as 90 percent of computer users have reported symptoms of computer vision syndrome, or CVS. Sometimes referred to as “digital eye strain,” CVS is, according to the American Optometric Association, an umbrella term used to describe a group of eye and vision-related problems that result from prolonged computer use. Manhattan Vision Associates notes that such problems can arise in people who spend two or more hours daily in front of a screen, a qualifier that means just about anyone, from working professionals to children, is susceptible to CVS. What are the symptoms of CVS? No two individuals are the same, and some people who spend significant amounts of time may never develop CVS. But those that do may experience the following symptoms.

Eyestrain: When people spend ample time staring at screens, the muscles of their

inner eyes can strain and tighten and cause eye irritation. This can result in fatigue and pain.

Blurred vision: Blurred vision can compromise a person’s ability to see small details. That loss of sharpness can make it hard to focus on a screen for a significant amount of time. In addition, vision can blur as people go back and forth between their keyboards and screens or multiple screens, as many people do while simultaneously working on a computer and using their smartphones.

Headaches: Many people develop headaches after staring at screens for prolonged periods of time. That’s because the brightness and contrast of a screen can produce an indirect glare that’s especially hard on the eyes.

Dry eyes: People do not blink as often when staring at screens as they do when they are not looking at screens. As a result, people are vulnerable to dry eyes when staring at screens, as blinking is one of the ways the eyes replenish moisture.

Can CVS be prevented?

While some people may be inclined to accept CVS as a side effect of living in the 21st century, there are ways to prevent CVS.

Take frequent breaks. The AOA recommend that people alleviate digital eye strain by following the 20-20-20 rule. This rule advises taking 20 second breaks to stare at something 20 feet away every 20 minutes.

Reposition your computer screen.

The AOA notes that the optimal location for computer screens is between 15 and 20 degrees below eye level, or about four to five inches, as measured from the center of the screen. In addition, position the screen so it is between 20 and 28 inches from your eyes.

Avoid glare. Computer screens also should be positioned to avoid glare from lighting and windows. Draw blinds or drapes if sun is shining in on the screen, and opt for low wattage light bulbs in desk lamps.

Blink more. Make a concerted effort to blink more throughout the day so your eyes remain as moist as possible.

The average time people spend staring at screens continues to rise, making CVS a legitimate concern for adults and children alike. Learn more about CVS and how to prevent it at www.aoa.org.

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Increase awareness of eye safety in summertime Swim with goggles Nothing says summer like a day at the beach or the pool. The chlorine in most swimming pools can be particularly irritating to the eyes, causing minor infections and dryness. Salt water from the ocean, rivers other natural bodies of water also contain contaminants that may be harmful to eyes. Wear swim goggles when you’re in the water to protect your eyes from irritants and floating particles that could damage your eyes.

While it’s best to keep children out of direct sunlight during the middle of the day, they should wear sunglasses and hats to protect their eyes whenever they’re in the sun, and goggles when they’re swimming.

Eat right for your sight Nutrition plays an important role in preventing conditions such as cataracts and macular degeneration. A healthy diet of summer foods like strawberries, tomatoes, avocadoes and peppers can help protect your eyes from many common eye conditions. Vitamins C, E and zinc have been shown to slow the aging process in eyes.

Drinking plenty of water can also help keep your eyes healthy.

During summer months, it’s easier to become dehydrated, which can cause vision problems. Drink plenty of water to help keep your eyes healthy.

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ummertime means spending more time outdoors, at the beach or pool, and more time in the sun. Most people associate more time in the sun with applying sunscreen to protect the skin, but it’s equally as important to protect your eyes, as exposure to harmful sunlight can lead in an increased risk for eye diseases, including cataract, growths on the eye, and even cancer.

In addition to benefitting your vision health, taking precautionary measures to protect your eyes can also make summertime more fun. Follow these simple tips from Georgia Eye Institute and you and your family can enjoy the summer sun safely while protecting your vision.

Choose sunglasses labeled "100% UV protection,” and only use glasses that block both UVA and UVB rays. It’s important to note that even if you wear UV blocking contact lenses, you still need to wear proper sunglasses to fully protect your eyes.

For maximum protection, wear a hat along with your sunglasses.

Broad-brimmed hats are best.

Wear eye protection

Sunglasses are more than just a great accessory Sunglasses not only look great, they can help protect your eyes from harmful UV rays and reduce the chances of burning your corneas. Sunglasses should fit snugly around your eyes and offer protection on the side of the eyes as well. Keep in mind that sunlight is strongest mid-day, at higher altitudes, and when reflected off water or sand.

Warm, sunny weather means it’s the perfect time for yardwork or to make a dent in your long list of home improvement projects.

While doing work on your yard or home, it is extremely important to protect your eyes from dust, dirt and flying debris. Safety goggles can be purchased at home improvement stores, and do a better job of protecting your eyes than sunglasses.

Year-round care Eyes can be damaged by the sun – even through clouds and haze – any time of year, so be sure to give your eyes the same protection year ‘round.

In addition to protecting your eyes in summer, annual visits for your eyes are important and beneficial for your overall health. A thorough eye exam – which is not the same as having a “vision test” – performed by an optometrist or ophthalmologist can detect potentially harmful diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disorders and cancers, vision disorders, and issues with the muscles in your eyes.

Georgia Eye Institute provides leading edge primary eye care, corrective eye surgery, ophthalmic care, and surgical eye care at 13 area offices.

For more than 20 years the pioneering surgeons and staff at GEI have set new standards for outpatient cataract surgery and lens implantation, offers advanced retinal care for diabetic eye disease, LASIK laser vision correction, glaucoma management, treatment for macular degeneration and corneal disease, oculoplastic surgery, and optometry.

Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

Don’t forget the little ones

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Senior Living communities & in-home care How to determine the best level of care for my loved one

By Ralph E Cowart. Jr., ALA-NBC Co-Owner & CEO, Southern Manor Retirement Inn, The Gardens at Southern Manor, Lakeview Manor and Southern Manor Companion Care

Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

I

t is always a personal choice as to whether someone chooses to live in one of our senior living communities or elects home care services. Multiple factors go into making this decision, usually involving the resident’s medical provider and family members. When faced with this decision, it is always best to consider what each service provides.

In-Home Care Through Southern Manor Companion Care, we strive to provide high quality care in the comfort of your own home, as we would in any of our senior living communities.

Caregivers in the home may assist with activities of daily living such as bathing,

dressing, and grooming. In addition, caregivers can provide companionship, housekeeping services, meal preparation, medication reminders, and assistance with running errands. It is really up to you to decide how many hours per day you would like to have companion care assistance and what tasks you would like your caregiver to do.

Senior Living Communities While we can provide the same quality of care in the comfort of your own home, some of our residents elect to move into one of our senior living communities. They make this choice as they enjoy being engaged with others and look forward to taking advantage of our full activity calendar which keeps our residents

active on a daily basis. We are now excited to offer two beautiful homes to those seeking a senior living community in Statesboro and Bulloch County Southern Manor Retirement Inn & The Gardens at Southern Manor.

If you are trying to make the decision between

in-home care or a senior living community, we invite you to come and tour both Southern Manor Retirement Inn and The Gardens at Southern Manor.

While you are visiting, be sure to ask about our Companion Care services to see what is the best fit for your loved one.

Building foundations for great smiles...

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Voted “Best in the Boro” Five Years Running!

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ASD is not just a children’s disease There is no cure for ASD, and symptoms may not be reversible, which means that autism is a lifelong condition. Children who are diagnosed will grow into young people and adults with autism. Many treatments and therapies are geared toward early intervention, but adults can

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utism spectrum disorder, or ASD, is a class of neurological conditions present from early childhood and is often identified through difficulty communicating, using language and understanding abstract concepts.

The organization Autism Speaks says that an estimated one out of 42 boys and one in 189 girls are diagnosed with autism in the United States. Autism is now diagnosed in roughly one out of every 68 children in Canada, and has become the fastest growing and most commonly diagnosed neurological disorder in that country.

ASD is estimated to affect tens of millions of people worldwide. But even though ASD is widely recognized, studied and discussed, myths and misconceptions about the disorder continue to circulate. Shedding light on how ASD can help caregivers, peers and anyone who routinely interacts with individuals who fall on the spectrum.

ASD is not a single disorder Although autism and ASD are often used interchangeably, these names do not define one specific disorder. ASD is now an umbrella term that includes autism, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Rett syndrome, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical

Manual of Mental Disorder, 5th edition (DSM5) revised in 2013. ASD is often perceived through communication deficits that can include misinterpreted or nonverbal interactions.

Individuals also may have challenges in bonding/ friendship development.

People with ASD can understand and express emotion Although communication troubles may be present, those with ASD can and do feel emotions. But they may not be able to express these emotions the same way as others do.

Also, just because someone has ASD doesn’t mean he or she is unable to understand the emotions of others. Rather, the person may need firm and direct indications of how another person is feeling to understand. Reading body language or tone of voice alone may be inadequate to someone with ASD. School-aged children can learn from this, recognizing that someone with ASD may want to have friends and socialize, but he or she may not know how to facilitate these engagements.

ASD does not produce carbon-copy symptoms Characteristics of ASD can vary widely from person to person. One person’s limitations may not be present in another.

benefit from continued work as well. Adults with ASD can be successful and live independent lives.

Autism spectrum disorder is more prevalent than ever. However, despite the recognition of ASD, many people do not understand the nuances involved with a diagnosis.

Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

Myths and misconceptions about autism spectrum disorder

Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

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Treatments for Alzheimer’s disease continue to evolve

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lzheimer’s disease is one of the most prevalent types of dementia in the world, affecting an estimated 35.6 million people all over the globe, and that number is expected to double in 20 years.

The Alzheimer’s Foundation of America estimates that as many as 5.1 million Americans may be living with Alzheimer’s disease. Australian company Actinogen Medical says Alzheimer’s is Australia’s second biggest killer. According to a 2012 study commissioned by the Alzheimer’s Society of Canada, 747,000 Canadians were living with cognitive impairment, which included, but was not limited to, dementia.

People with Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia may experience a decline in mental function severe enough to reduce their ability to perform everyday activities.

Some of the cognitive functions that may be impaired include memory, communication and language, ability to pay attention, reasoning

and judgement, emotional control, and social behavior.

There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, nor is there an effective long-term way to prevent potential mental decline. However, that has not stopped scores of researchers and medical teams that continue to study the efficacy of different drugs and therapies. The following are some of the more promising options in the works.

Leukine A safety trial on the drug Leukine already is underway at the Colorado University Anschutz Medical Campus.

“We found so far that Leukine is safe in people with Alzheimer’s disease,” said Dr. Huntington Potter, the director of Alzheimer’s research at the university. “That means it doesn’t have the side effects that so many other Alzheimer’s drugs have had, which are swelling in the brain and bleeding into the brain.”

Leukine has been successful in removing the plaque or amyloid along the outside of nerve cells in the brain of mice. Researchers do not know the exact mechanism for removal, but the drug is working and working quickly. Leukine also may be helping the brain repair itself. The Alzheimer’s Association has donated $1 million toward financing the costs of the next phase of this trial.

Insulin Neurologists at Rush University Medical Center are testing a type of insulin that is inhaled through a nasal spray to see if it improves cognition and memory function in people with mild cognitive impairment.

“There is growing evidence that insulin carries out multiple functions in the brain and that poor regulation of insulin may contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease,” said Dr. Neelum Aggarwal, a neurologist at Rush and the lead investigator of the study.

The 18-month clinical trial will study the nasal spray versus a placebo in 275 adults between the ages of 55 and 85.

Xanamem Australian researchers at Actinogen Medical have begun trials of a new drug called Xanamem. More than 170 patients with mild dementia in Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom will take part in the placebocontrolled 12-week trial. The medicine blocks the stress hormone cortisol in order to improve mental function for those with dementias. In 2015, an Edinburgh University study of mice showed reducing cortisol in the brain improved their memory and decreased the number of Alzheimer’s-associated amyloid plaques in the brain.

Researchers continue to work as they seek a successful, long-term option for treating or preventing Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias.

Did you know?

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hen a person feels ill, his or her doctor may assess any symptoms and then prescribe a particular medication to treat or alleviate those symptoms. Doctors prescribe medications hoping to treat sickness, but sometimes prescriptions fall short, leaving some to wonder if prescription medications could be customized more for individual needs?

The science is already here.

Making specialized drugs is not a new concept.

Prior to the rise of drug manufacturing companies, early pharmacists routinely customized ingredients. According to Professional Compounding Centers of America, customized medications are created through a process known as pharmacy compounding, which is defined as the art and science of preparing personalized medications for patients.

Specialized pharmacists take a practitioner’s prescription and mix individual ingredients together in the exact dosage and strength required. Compounding may be done to change the form of the medication from a pill to a liquid or to remove a certain additive or ingredient, such as gluten, that might cause an allergic reaction. The American Pharmacists Association says that compounding also can be used to flavor a medication in an effort to make it more palatable.

Compounded drugs can be just as safe as

mass-produced prescriptions. And thanks to their tailor-made formulas, compounded medications also may help people avoid side effects and other adverse reactions.

Compounding gives physicians flexibility in regard to how to best help their patients.

Compounding is done in hospital pharmacies and other healthcare facilities. There also are thousands of community-based pharmacies in the United States that specialize in compounding services. Pharmacists in these facilities spend all of their time making special preparations.

All pharmacists and pharmacies engaged in compounding are subject to oversight by both federal and state authorities. On November 27, 2013, Congress amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act by enacting the Drug Quality and Security Act to ensure that compounded drugs are produced in accordance with applicable federal requirements. The National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities helps to oversee compounding in Canada. Preparations of products are subject to the Food and Drug Act and Regulations, Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines, and inspection by Health Canada.

Pharmaceutical compounding may not be new, but it is increasingly relied on to create the best formulations for individual patients.

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Personalized medicine may be the future of healthcare

Individuals visit the doctor for many different reasons. Although serious illnesses or acute medical care may be seen as the primary reasons behind doctor visits, a relatively recent study from The Mayo Clinic suggests otherwise.

In 2013, data published in the journal Mayo Clinic Proceedings uncovered that most people visit the doctor for skin disorders, such as acne or dermitis. In the United States, 42.7 percent of the doctor visits studied were for skin ailments.

Skin ailments were followed by joint disorders, back problems, cholesterol, and upper respiratory conditions. The group BackCare says 80 percent of individuals experience pain in their spine at some point in their lives, and medical expenditures with respect to lower back pain are estimated at between $6 and $12 billion annually.

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Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

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A 97-pound birthday present

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ebecca Haynes was facing her 50th birthday with serious obesity-related health issues. After exploring her options for weight-loss surgery with Memorial Health Bariatrics, she underwent gastric sleeve surgery in 2015 as a birthday gift to herself. Seven months later she had lost 97 pounds and a new career path. Here is her story in her own words.

Liver disease was my wake-up call. A biopsy in 2014 showed that my liver was severely damaged from years of unhealthy choices. My 50th birthday was coming up in 2015, so I decided to give myself the gift of weight-loss surgery – and a healthier lifestyle.

I had gastric sleeve surgery in August 2015. At that point, I was morbidly obese and suffering from hypertension, in addition to liver disease.

In preparation for surgery, I attended nutrition, exercise and lifestyle classes; underwent psychiatric evaluations; and received addiction counseling from Anisa Grantham, the bariatric coordinator at Memorial Health Bariatrics. She taught me how to deal with my addiction to sugar.

I have to say that the surgery and post-op recovery were pretty easy. The hardest part was following the pre-op liquid diet.

Over the next seven months, I lost weight rapidly. I hit my goal weight in March 2016, but I continued to lose into the summer. I reached the maintenance level in June. I worked with the bariatric dietitian to create a food plan that worked for me.

I knew I needed to find a workout that I enjoyed, but it was hard. For the first five months after surgery, I just walked my dog every night. I tried the elliptical at the gym, but I lasted only 8 minutes. I stuck with it and, today, I can work out on it at level five for 30 minutes, with arm “blasts” every 2 minutes. Also, I tried yoga and loved it. I was amazed at my flexibility.

I considered weight-loss surgery one of many tools to help me lose the weight. A daily food journal and regular exercise keep me on track so I don’t give in to “head” hunger.

My weight stabilized in August 2016. Today, I maintain a weight of 142 to 145, and my BMI is a normal 23. I lost a total of 97 pounds.

My goal was to be able to go kayaking with my daughters. I achieved that three months after surgery, and my daughters are so proud of me. In fact, they are my biggest supporters. I love that we all wear the same size clothes now.

Looking back, this hasn’t been an easy journey, but I’m healthier and have so much more energy. I’m so thrilled with the results that I was inspired to start working as a nurse on the bariatric surgery floor at Memorial University Medical Center in April. I can’t wait to help others on their post-op journey.

Memorial Health Bariatrics holds free information sessions every month in Statesboro, Savannah, Vidalia and Brunswick, and every other month in Hinesville and Bluffton, S.C. Go to bariatrics.memorialhealth.com to register for a meeting near you.

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Mohs surgery can take care of most skin cancers

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include allowing the wound to heal on its own or surgically repairing the defect.

Frequently, the Mohs surgeon also performs the reconstructive surgery with a sutured linear repair, skin graft, or skin flap.

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Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

id you know it is estimated that one in five Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime, and the American Academy of Dermatology estimates that more than 2 million cases of skin cancer will be diagnosed in the United States this year?

The most common skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. With early detection and treatment, skin cancer is highly curable. Skin cancer is easily diagnosed with a skin biopsy.

There are different treatment options for skin cancer including excisional surgery, cryosurgery (freezing), electro surgery (burning), radiation, prescription medications, and the specialized surgical technique of Mohs Micrographic Surgery. The Mohs surgery procedure has proven to be up to 99 percent effective for basal cell carcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma, the most common types of skin cancer.

Mohs surgery is microscopically controlled surgery that involves the complete evaluation of the surgical margins for skin cancer removal. Mohs surgery is typically an office based procedure performed safely under local anesthesia, which reduces recovery time and has fewer side effects than general anesthesia.

During Mohs surgery, the skin cancer is removed layer by layer and the tissue is processed at an on-site laboratory. The tissue slides are examined by the Mohs surgeon who performs the pathology services, all while the patient remains in the office. If more cancer remains, the Mohs surgeon removes more tissue precisely from only the area with remaining cancer and this additional layer of tissue is processed and microscopically examined. This process continues until all of the cancerous tissue is removed.

Mohs surgery allows for the complete removal of the skin cancer, yet minimizes the removal of healthy tissue leaving the smallest possibly surgical wound. After Mohs surgery confirms that all of the skin cancer has been removed, the surgical defect is immediately ready for repair. There are several options for repaid that

Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

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Blood Institute, CPAP, or continuous positive airway pressure, is a treatment that uses mild air pressure to keep breathing airways open. A CPAP machine includes a mask or other device that fits over the nose or nose and mouth. The mask is connected to a machine via a tube, through which humidified air is blown.

In cases of obstructive sleep apnea, or OSA, CPAP can reverse the complete blockages or narrowing of upper airways. When used correctly, CPAP may be the only treatment necessary to address OSA. Sleep apnea is usually confirmed by an overnight sleep study known as a polysomnogram, or PSG, conducted in a lab or at home. According to the American Sleep Apnea Society, a PSG is often followed by with a CPAP titration study.

Individuals who will require CPAP can choose among masks and equipment that meet the prescription and maximize comfort levels. Many people become accustomed to using CPAP devices right away, while others may need a month or more to transition. Problems like uncomfortable masks or air leakage can be tweaked until users grow comfortable.

CPAP needs to be employed under the guidance of a sleep specialist. The mask and tube should be cleaned daily and be replaced when necessary for the treatment to work effectively. More information about sleep apnea and CPAP is available at www.amsleep.org.

Sleep apnea very often is treated successfully with the use of a continuous positive airway pressure machine, often referred to as a CPAP.

Breathing easier about CPAP treatment

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eople who routinely toss, turn, snore, and wake up feeling less than refreshed in the morning may have more to worry about than simply not getting a good’s night sleep. They may be experiencing a relatively common yet largely undiagnosed condition that can contribute to long-term risk for various diseases.

Sleep disorders have become a significant health issue. Sleep apnea, which affects an

estimated 22 million people in the United States, can contribute to difficulty sleeping.

Sleep apnea causes periods defined by an inability to breathe. The American Sleep Apnea Association says sleep apnea comes in three types: obstructive, wherein a blockage of the airway is usually caused by the collapse of the tongue or soft palate; central, when the brain fails to signal muscles to breathe; and complex, which is a combination of the two conditions.

Over time, sleep apnea can be a risk factor for heart attack, stroke, diabetes, and other serious conditions, says the Cleveland Clinic.

That is why symptoms that may begin as mildly agitating snoring sessions should be brought to a doctor’s attention. When sleep apnea is identified, one of the more successful treatments is widely referred to as “CPAP.” According to the National Heart, Lung and

Colorectal Cancer: Screening, early detection key to effective treatment

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By: H. Kyle Parks, MD

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• •

• •

after age 50.

Eat a low-fat, high-fiber diet.

If you use alcohol, drink only in moderation. If you use tobacco, quit. If you don't use tobacco, don't start. Alcohol and tobacco in combination are linked to colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal cancers.

Exercising regularly Maintaining a normal body weight

Who is at risk for colorectal cancer?

Your risk of developing colorectal cancer increases with age. All men and women aged 50 and older are at risk for developing colorectal cancer and should be screened. Some people are at a higher risk and should be screened at an age younger than 50, including those with a personal or family history of inflammatory bowel disease; colorectal cancer or polyps; or ovarian, endometrial or breast cancer.

Colorectal cancer screening costs are covered

by Medicare and many commercial health plans.

Schedule a visit with a healthcare provider to discover if a screening procedure is right for you and how often you should be screened.

Hope is here.

Learn how bariatric surgery can transform your life.

Weight-loss surgery has given thousands of obese patients a new lease on life.

For many, it’s the first step to losing a significant amount of weight and reversing serious health conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea.

The result can be a total physical and psychological transformation.

Join us for one of our free monthly information sessions right here in Statesboro.

You’ll meet members of the Memorial Health Bariatrics team, learn about the types of weight-loss surgery we offer, and get answers to your questions.

Call 912-350-3438 to learn more.

Or register online for an upcoming session: bariatrics.memorialhealth.com.

You’ll also receive our free e-newsletters.

bariatrics.memorialhealth.com | 912-350-DIET (3438)

Help is here.

Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

n a recent report from the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer is listed as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States for both men and women combined. This year, approximately 135,430 new cases of colorectal cancer will be diagnosed and 50,260 people will die from the disease.

But, colorectal cancer is a disease that can be prevented through regular screenings, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a healthy diet and regular exercise. The American Cancer society has recently reported an ongoing decline in the number of cases of colorectal cancer as well as a decline in deaths associated with colorectal cancer.

These declines are largely attributed to an increase in screening for colorectal cancer in the United States.

The most current data shows that screenings in the United States have increased from 59 percent to 63 percent from 2013-2015. With the current emphasis on health maintenance, this will likely continue to increase.

How can I lower my risk?

To lower your risk of colorectal cancer, the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons recommends that you: • Get regular colorectal cancer screenings

14

How common is carpal tunnel?

Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

I

ncreased hours spent on computer keyboards and digital devices can put people at risk for a relatively common and oftentimes painful condition that affects mobility in the wrist.

Carpal tunnel syndrome, or CTS, can cause numbness, pain and tingling in the hand or arm as a result of one of the major nerves of the hand — the median nerve — being compressed in the wrist.

The American College of Rheumatology says that CTS may be the most common nerve disorder experienced today, affecting between four and 10 million people in the United States alone. Middle-aged to older individuals are more likely to develop CTS than younger persons, and females are diagnosed three times more frequently than males.

What is the carpal tunnel?

The carpal tunnel is a passage that forms in the wrist on the palm side of the hand. It is located just beneath the skin surface. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke says the carpal tunnel is a narrow, rigid passageway of ligament and bones. Eight small wrist bones form three sides of the tunnel. The width of the tunnel is only about an inch. Injury or inflammation to the tissues inside of the carpal tunnel can shrink the space of the tunnel, eventually pressing on the tendons and the median nerve that runs through this narrow area.

The role of the median nerve When compression occurs in this area of the wrist, a key nerve is affected. The median nerve originates in the neck and runs through the arm. The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel at the wrist and goes into the hand, providing feeling to the palm side of the thumb and to the index, middle and part of the ring fingers (although not the little finger). It also controls some small muscles at the base of the thumb.

Symptoms of carpal tunnel Weakness of the hand as well as tingling and numbness are the two most common symptoms of CTS. The numbness particularly affects four of the fingers. It can occur when holding a phone, book, newspaper or steering wheel or engaging in just about any activity that involves the hands. CTS also may wake a person up from sleep.

There are a number of other compression issues that can occur in the hand and arms, causing similar pain and tingling in other areas. Ulnar nerve compression in the elbow can cause part of the ring finger and pinky finger to tingle and may be indicative of a different ailment. That’s why a professional diagnosis must be sought when experiencing symptoms related to CTS. When to see a doctor If pain and tingling are affecting activities and sleeping patterns, individuals should see their doctors. Various nonsurgical remedies and therapies may help. If left untreated, any condition that affects nerve function may lead to permanent nerve and muscle damage.

15

T

he American Institute of Stress notes that various disorders, both emotional and physical, have been linked to stress. Such disorders include depression, stroke, hypertension, and anxiety, among others. In its 2015 Stress in AmericaTM survey, the American Psychological Association found that money, stress and family responsibilities are the three most common stressors. While the symptoms of stress are uncomfortable and potentially very dangerous, the APA notes that such indicators also serve as a warning from the body that it needs maintenance and extra care. The following are some of the ways the body might be telling adults to step back and make an effort to relieve stress.

Headaches, muscle tension, neck or back pain: Some headaches or aches and pains might be mere nuisances or indicative of issues unrelated to stress. But when such symptoms are accompanied by stress, this could be the body’s way of alerting men and women that the stress is approaching unhealthy levels. The AIS notes that when a person is under stress, his or her muscles tense up. The contraction of

these muscles for extended periods of time can trigger tension headaches and migraines, among other things.

Chest pains and/or rapid heartbeat: Chest pains and rapid heartbeat may indicate various problems, including stress. This happens when the body is stressed because stress causes the nervous system to signal the adrenal glands to release hormones that make the heart beat faster and increase blood pressure.

Difficulty falling or staying asleep: Men and women who are feeling stressed out and also experiencing difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep should consult their physicians about ways to alleviate that stress. When strategies to alleviate stress are successful, adults should be able to return to normal, healthy sleeping patterns.

Increased frequency of colds: Stress can attack the body’s immune system, making it increasingly vulnerable to colds. The AIS also

notes that a weakened immune system also makes the body more susceptible to additional viral disorders, including herpes, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Loss of appetite or overeating: Stress can affect the gastrointestinal system in various ways, including influencing appetite. While not all problems with appetite are indicative of a body that is overstressed, stress can prompt some people to eat much more than they normally do, while others may eat considerably less than they normally would.

Diarrhea or constipation: Another indicator that stress is compromising the gastrointestinal system is diarrhea or constipation. Again, while these problems are not exclusive to sufferers of stress, when a person is under stress, this can affect which nutrients the body can successfully absorb and how quickly food is metabolized.

This can cause some people to experience diarrhea, while others may be constipated.

Healthy Lifestyles | Spring 2017 | www.statesboroherald.com

Signs of stress that must be addressed

Visionary Surgeons Matthew Deich, M.D.

Cataract Surgery & Comprehensive Ophthalmology

William Degenhart, M.D. Cataract Surgery & Comprehensive Ophthalmology

Joseph Gussler, M.D.

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David Kim, M.D.

General Ophthalmology & Glaucoma

Robert King, M.D.

Surgery of the Vitreous and Retina Diabetic Eye Specialist

Elizabeth Miller, M.D.

Refractive and Oculoplastic Surgery

Judith Piros, M.D.

Cataract Surgery & Comprehensive Ophthalmology

Krystal Pusser, O.D.

Primary Eye Care & Contact Lenses

Robin Ray, M.D.

Surgery of the Vitreous and Retina Diabetic Eye Specialist

Joseph Reeves, M.D.

Cataract Surgery & Comprehensive Ophthalmology

Cutting Edge Technology The physicians at Georgia Eye Institute have been providing comprehensive eye care for people of all ages for more than 20 years. Our specialists are dedicated to providing the quality of medical care you expect, using state-of-the-art-technology and advanced medical techniques. From the latest advances in cataract care and glaucoma management, to treatment for diabetic eye disease, and comprehensive eye exams.

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