ENERGY
BACKGROUND Turkey = 147 Mtoe Annual Usage - equals more than 1 billion barrels of crude oil Istanbul = over 300,000 Mtoe Annual Usage (just electricity) - equals more than 2.1 million barrels of crude oil
200 barrels
SOURCES Coal, natural gas, and oil are the primary sources for the nation as a whole. - On average over the last decade, coal, natural gas, and oil have supplied 85-95% of energy for the country - Fully renewable sources such as wind, solar, or geothermal exist as a minute sliver
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0 1990
1995
2000 Coal
Natural gas
2005 Hydro
Wind, solar, etc.
Biofuels and waste
2010 Oil
2015
IMPORTED Turkey consumes more than 3 times the energy it produces - Majority of energy resources are supplied by foreign entities Crossroads for major oil and gas pipelines
GAS
OIL
RENEWABLE POTENTIAL Turkey ranks 16th in the EY Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index, up 3 places from last year. In the ranking of forty countries in terms of renewable energy investments, Turkey rose 16th place in 2017, ahead of the previous year by 3 digits. Turkey’s solar energy capacity has increased three times in a year reaching 1.5 GW, showing that foreign investors are more interested in renewable energy opportunities in Turkey, especially wind energy. (Conexio, 2018).
SOLAR POTENTIAL Turkey could meet the electricity energy needs of the entire country in 2023 if they fully utilized the solar potential of the country. - Istanbul could be utilizing solar energy to add approximately 1387kwh/kWp annually
SOLAR PRODUCTION Turkish energy stronghold, Kalyon Enerji and China’s CETC opened the country’s first integrated solar panel facility in August of 2020. - Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources aided in this - the factory will manufacture solar panels with a capacity of 500 megawatts (MW) per year - facility would help prevent nearly $100 million worth of imports each year
PROBLEM 1
Mass Importation of Energy Natural Resources
PROBLEM 2
Nonrenewable sourcing
PROBLEM 3
Untapped renewable potential
COST TABLE
SOLUTION SOURCE The solution for the energy sector to be explored below relies heavily on the data and research of Onur Ozcan and Filiz Ersoz. In their research jounal article, Project
and cost-based evaluation of solar energy performance in three different geographical regions of Turkey: Investment analysis application, they con-
duct a hypothetical solar farm study across three Turkish cities – Izmir, Ankara, and Istanbul.
- 180,000SQM Solar Simulation w 35,460 60 cell pv panels each
YEAR 1 - AQUIRE LAND
Site 1 : Vacant Brownfield 191,000 square meters Cost : $1.33 million (11.1million lira)
Site 2 : Samandira Base
324,000 square meters Cost : $2.24 million (18.6 million lira) *cost pending cooperation of Turkey Federal Gov.
Site 3 : Turnpike
62,004 square meters Cost : $429,000 (35.5 million lira) *cost could be less - highway space is gov owned
YEAR 2-3 - BUILD 1 Each unit consists of
7,092 60 Cell PV
$115 (950 lira).
Panels are supplied by
panels
aimed directly south at the optimum angle of 32 degrees. The cost per panel is about the newly constructed
Facility
Kaylon Solar Panel
outside Ankara. Total
Cost is $5.5 million (45.5 million lira). Constuction
UNIT 5 CONTROL
UNIT 4 UNIT 3
UNIT 2
UNIT 1
35,460 PV PANELS
YEAR 4-5 - BUILD 2 Each unit consists of
Cell PV panels
7,092 60
aimed directly south at the optimum angle of 32 degrees. The cost per panel is
about $115 (950 lira). Panels are supplied by the newly constructed
Kaylon Solar Panel Facility outside
Ankara. Total constuction
Cost is $12 milliomn (100 million lira).
UNIT 10
UNIT 9
UNIT 6 UNIT 5
UNIT 7
UNIT 4 UNIT 3
UNIT 8
UNIT 2 UNIT 1
70,920 PV PANELS
YEAR 5+ - MULTIPLY
INVERT STATION
NUMBERS FARM 1 - 11,366 Million KWh)
MWh/year
(11.4
FARM 2 - 24,200 Million KWh)
MWh/year
(24.2
35.6 Million KWh/year Total (5 YEAR) COST - $25.2 Million (207 Million Lira)