University Express Volume 25 Issue 4

University Volume 25 | Issue 4 | Tuesday 26th October 2021

Express

Where has Budget 2022 Left Third-Level Students?

ORLA LEAHY News Editor

The Irish Universities Association (IUA) released a statement on the Budget 2022 which highlighted that though “welcome, is not sufficient to address the core funding deficit in the sector.”

The Government has invested €9.2 billion in “continuing investment in our education system,” according to their Report, “Main Features of Budget 2022.” Overall, €3.7 billion has been invested in third-level.

Despite such significant investment overall, IUA have highlighted the fact that there is a lack of investment in teaching and research opportunities for 2022. Instead a “substantial part of the package will be used to ‘strengthen the financial position of universities’ in 2021 and 2022 by providing for long-standing sectoral pension deficits.” While third level balance sheets welcome this positive development, IUA Chair and President of NUI Galway, Professor Ciarán Ó hÓgartaigh, noted that research and innovation are “increasingly cited as our remaining social and economic advantage,” in the face of diminishing corporate tax advantages. Accordingly, he stated that “given its importance for our tomorrow, it is very disappointing that investment in research and

UCCExpress.ie

maintenance grant will increase by €200. The income thresholds for eligibility for the student grant will increase by €1000. The travel distance for the ‘non-adjacent’ rate will decrease to 30 km from 45 km.”

Last year, 79 000 students availed of State funded SUSI grants, which was 7% lower than in 2015. The grants failed to keep pace with inflation and increases in the cost of living, deeming less students eligible. However, this number will rise in the next academic year, as for the first time in a decade, the thresholds have increased.

The Union of Students in Ireland (USI) President, Clare Austick, has welcomed the increase, stating that “there is a long way to go to get us back to the grant being in line with the cost of living.”

Another positive addition for students in the budget includes a 50% reduction in public transport costs for students between the ages of 19-23 with the introduction of a new travel card.

Chairperson of the UCC Economics Society, Calum O’Donnell said Image Credit: Rialtas na hÉireann that “as a regular user of some very expensive Bus Éireann routes, this innovation, acknowledged to be well behind our key is a welcome change.” However, he competitors, has not been prioritised [in Budget 2022].” wonders, “whether this will have On another note, changes to the Student Grant Scheme, the desired effect of increasing SUSI have been included in the budget. Citizens Continued on Page 3 information has summarised the alterations. “The student

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EDITORIAL Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief – Imasha Costa (Editor@UCCExpress.ie) News Editor – Orla Leahy (News@UCCExpress.ie) Designer – Aoife E Osborne (Design@UCCExpress.ie) Features Editor – Maeve O’Keeffe (Features@UCCExpress.ie) Sports Editor – Sam Curtin (Sport@UCCExpress.ie)

Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

TOGETHER WE UNITE Sometimes I forget that I have to write these things, and then, I do eventually write them. Editorials are class spaces to be fair, you have a space where you are allowed to convey things in words. I am rather getting tired of talking all the time. Final year has really gotten me bogged down, and some days I feel like I do not even know what I am meant to be doing. I just feel very exhausted, and I just want to sleep all the time. I am socially depleted, which makes me feel chaotic at times. But that’s okay.

I guess, it is alright to feel like that sometimes. It is okay to want to curl up in a ball in your bed, watch some really cheesy television as you eat something comforting. Allow yourself to breathe and take a step back because you

deserve it. I forget to look after myself sometimes, and I just have friends who would genuinely be concerned about it, which is not okay. At the end of the day, you are the only person that can look after you. So mind yourself. (I should really be taking my own advice shouldn’t I?) Once again, I would like to congratulate every single person that put their amazing hardworking souls into this issue. All of you are fantastic human beings and I love working with you. (cue simp emoji)

Opinion Editor – Claudia Zedda (Opinion@UCCExpress.ie)

Also in current news, the University Express has their own little radio show going. Feel free to check it out, we are on every Monday from 1 to 2 pm.

Eagarthóir Gaeilge – Caitríona O’Connell (Gaeilge@UCCExpress.ie)

Mind yourselves everyone, it is getting cold, we’re halfway through the semester, but from what it is worth, we are getting there.

Online Editor – Edel Lonergan (Online@UCCExpress.ie)

Till next time,

Imasha Costa

Marketing Executive – Imasha Costa (Marketing@UCCExpress.ie)

Editor-In-Chief

Photographers – Méabh Lonergan; Jack Murphy (Photographers@uccexpress.ie) Byline Editor – Jack Coleman (Byline@UCCExpress.ie) (Deputy Editor) Food & Health – Nathan Carey (Food@UCCExpress.ie) Arts & Literature Editor – Cian Pierce (Arts@UCCExpress.ie) Gaming Editor – Chloe Barrett (Gaming @UCCExpress.ie) Music Editor – Florrie McCarthy (Music@UCCExpress) Fashion Editor – Claire Watson (fashion@uccexpress.ie) Film & Television Editor – Cormac McCarthy (Screen@UCCExpress.ie) Sexpress Editor – Emily Osborn (Sexpress@uccexpress.ie) Deputy Features – Roisin Noonan (Deputyfeatures@uccexpress.ie) Deputy News – Ciara Browne (Deputynews@uccexpress.ie) Staff Writer: Billy O’Connor

editor@uccexpress.ie

SAY YES My endeavours with the News Section for this issue have really v highlighted both the importance and power of sharing our personal stories to me. I was privileged enough to attend two extremely informative and impactful events on October 19th, which both feature in this issue.

Firstly, I learned about image-based sexual abuse, and the highly commendable work of Safety Over Stigma, which is spearheaded by my peers, Alicia O’Sullivan and Bailey Lane. The initiative was established following Alicia’s experience as a victim of image-based sexual abuse earlier this year.

Secondly, at an event discussing the rights of modern families, hosted by FLAC, I discovered that there exists a number of gaps in our Irish laws, resulting in families who avail of surrogacy, or donor assisted reproduction, failing to achieve legal recognition as a family in Ireland.

Both events were truly inspirational, in that they showcased that anyone can be an advocate and activist of positive change.

Alicia O’Sullivan was brave enough to share her horrific experience as a victim of image-based sexual abuse, and so too, Ranae Von Meding was brave enough to speak up about the injustice facing her family. Without both women sharing their stories, the initiatives, Safety Over Stigma, and Equality for Children, both founded through collaboration with others, would not have been formed. Without the formation of such effective campaigns and non-profit organisations, our laws would not have undergone the positive developments initiated by Alicia and Ranae.

The articles will explore the issues and legal developments in greater detail, but what I now know is that when we share our personal stories, and when we collaborate, that is when we achieve positive, life altering change. Professor of law, Conor O’Mahony, speaking at FLAC’s event said, “the law has an important role to play here. You can never take that out completely.” Sharing and collaborating achieves vital developments in our law, but most importantly achieves justice.

To those who share their personal stories with others, I commend you, you are incentivisers of change.

Orla Leahy News Editor

news@uccexpress.ie

Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

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What more do they want from me, my blood or my life?

CIARA BROWNE Deputy News Editor

killed on return to India. Speaking to BreakingNews.ie he said “I have given all the evidence I can to the international Protection Officer Nadim Hussain, an asylum seeker currently (IPO) but they refused me. If I go back to India I living in Direct Provision in Cork, on the Kinsale will be killed.” Now, in fear of being deported, he Road, is currently on hunger strike as he awaits a has gone on a hunger strike to demand answers. decision on permission to remain in the country, stating if he goes back to India he will be killed. Nadim is a 34-year-old who took to Twitter on Thursday 14th October to begin his hunger strike Nadim left his home in India in January 2019 in his attempt to stay in Ireland. Mr Hussain to seek safety and refuge in Ireland. His parents worked in security in a hospital during the were killed in an anti-muslim riot between pandemic and is calling out to the Minister of Muslims and Hindus in West Bengal, March Justice, Heather Humphreys for help. An anti2018. Religious violence breakout is one of the deportation rally took place Friday 22nd October most deadly incidents occurring in India to date at 2:00 pm in Stephen’s Green to demand an and there has been a huge increase in violence answer for him. Nadim took to Twitter Wednesday against Muslims in India. At the time of Nadim’s 20th October posting a picture of his palm, with parents’ death, both Nadim and his Father were ‘Day 7 / Help me’ written in black ink. His hunger members of the Communist Party of India (CPI). campaign is the next step following the rally Following a letter received by Mr Hussain last outside Leinster House. Nadim has asked, “If month from the International Protection Appeal someone dies while waiting for their permission Tribunal (IPAT), Mr Hussain is requesting that to remain, who will take that responsibility?”. he be given permission to stay in Ireland. Mr Nadim’s hunger strike journey is being followed by Hussain is pleading that those who have been hundreds of people on Twitter and TD Mick Barry refused a protection declaration, but who are took to Twitter on October 19th to show Nadim his not returned home for humanitarian reasons can support. He is experiencing stomach pains and has be granted permission to remain as he will be vomited over seven times in one day but refuses to go to the hospital until he gets an answer, but states he needs medical assistance. Nadim took to Twitter to inform his following that his GP told him his kidneys have begun to fail and that his condition could prove fatal within the next three days.

that his emails regarding his application to stay in Ireland had been received and his issue was being pursued by the Taoiseach, on Nadim’s behalf with the Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service (INIS) at the Department of Justice. It has been twenty-nine days since the letter was sent and Mr Hussain is still awaiting a reply from the Taoiseach. Nadim has been begging and asking the Irish state what more they want from him:

“I have given them all my documentation and evidence they want. What more do they want On September 22nd, 2021, Mr Hussain received from me, my blood or my life?” (Irish Examiner) a letter from the International Protection Nadim has received support online from the Appeals Tribunal. The letter informed Nadim Movement of Asylum Seekers in Ireland (MASI), that he should be refused both a refugee the Irish Refugee Council and the TD’s Brid declaration and a subsidiary protection Smith and Mick Barry among others. MASI declaration, under Section 46 (3) of the 2015 is concerned for the well-being of Mr Hussain International Protection Act. He received an and are urging Heather Humphreys to review email from the office of the Taoiseach which read Section 49 and grant him permission to stay.

Cover Story Continued Unfortunately, the budget failed to deal with the current accommodation crisis faced by thirdlevel students. Austick drew attention to the fact that “places in third-level institutions have been increased by 3,300 without any action on student accommodation, so we have no idea where these students will live – they will most likely be added to the waiting lists for student accommodation.”

Addressing Dáil Éireann, Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform, Michael McGrath claimed that the package for higher and further education and training is an acknowledgement of “the key role the sectors play in our economy and society”.

Minister for Education, Simon Harris, stated that “[the government] are committed to investing in the future and the sustainability of higher education – we have really significant teaching, learning, research and development capacity in our education institutions that can make a big difference in people’s lives, and it’s vital that we support that.” Overall in Budget 2022, changes to better support students financially, such as the increased grant, and the reduced travel expenses, are indicative of such investment, but it is clear that further investment is needed, particularly in research, innovation, and accommodation as highlighted by the IUA and the USI. ORLA LEAHY

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Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

“Modern Families - The Right to be Recognised” ORLA LEAHY News Editor

The Free Legal Advice Centre (FLAC) in UCC held an event at 7pm, on Tuesday, October 19th, to explore the right of modern families to be recognised. David Giles, chairperson of FLAC UCC says that the event was inspired by a London based podcast, the Grand Mam. He highlighted that FLAC has had a strong role to play in the history of our Irish legal system, having engaged in strategic litigation to facilitate access to justice, such as taking the first case for transgender rights to the Supreme Court, Dr. Lydia Foy’s case, and that he’d “like to think that we at a local level can still have a platform for the underdog of the legal system.”

Ranae von Meding, guest speaker on the evening, is the CEO of a non-profit, Equality for Children. Von Meding became an activist in the field of children’s equality, when as a same sex parent, only the gestational mother could be legally recognised as a parent. The legislation did not exist to facilitate the recognition of both partners as parents. David Giles drew attention to the fact that “based on her legal position prescribed to her by the State, access to justice wasn’t there.” FLAC seeks to challenge such access inequality to justice through events such as this.

Professor Conor O’Mahony, who also spoke on the evening, is a Senior Lecturer at the UCC School of Law, and is the Special Rapporteur on Child’s Protection. He recently published his report, “Review of Children’s Rights and Best Interests in the Context of DonorAssisted Human Reproduction and Surrogacy in Ireland.”

In 2015, the referendum on same sex marriage was passed by the people. Von Meding recalls the feeling of victory, the feeling that “anything was possible.” Herself and her now wife,

celebrated on the day with both marriage plans, and organising IVF Clinic appointments to conceive their first child.

Unfortunately, shortly afterwards, they discovered that they could not avail of Reciprocal IVF at the time in Ireland, which would allow von Meding’s wife to be the biological mother, and von Meding the birth mother.

There were no resources or supports available to them in Ireland, and they ended up moving to Spain to avail of the treatment, where they were astounded by the lack of supports available to them whilst undergoing treatment.

With von Meding seven month’s pregnant, the couple received the devastating news that only the carrier could be the legal parent in Ireland. This meant that von Meding’s wife, though the biological parent, was, and continued to be, a legal stranger to their child, until after 5 years of legal challenges, Wednesday last, October 20th. With von Meding seven month’s pregnant, the couple received the devastating news that only the carrier could be the legal parent in Ireland. This meant that von Meding’s wife, though the biological parent, was, and continued to be, a legal stranger to their child, until after 5 years of legal challenges, Wednesday last, October 20th.

Von Meding told the audience that, “every single day without fail, there is something, something happens that reminds us that our family is treated differently, that our children are treated differently.”

After the birth of their second child, she began a petition “calling on then Minister for Health, Simon Harris to look at the Children and Family Relationships Act legislation, to expand it and to protect more families, and children.” The Act had been passed in 2015, but was still awaiting enactment at the time of the petition.

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Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express When the petition hit 20,000 signatures, Von Meding received a personal invitation from then Minister Harris, to attend a personal meeting. Inspired by the level of engagement with her petition, she established Equality for Children with the help of other families facing a similar predicament. The core objective of her organisation is to create equal legal protection for every child, regardless of their background. The Act was passed after the meeting but serious gaps continued to exist.

Professor O’Mahony acknowledged that the legislation faced added complications in that it encompassed the Department of Health, the Department of Children, and the Department of Justice. Therefore, any amendments or changes to the legislation required the approval of not only one, but all three departments.

A major issue, he noted, is that donor-assisted reproduction is recognised under the Act, but surrogacy is not.

Professor O’Mahony further observed that surrogacy is a “legal void” in Irish law and consequently reviewed other jurisdictions’ laws as part of his recent report.

On another note, donor-assisted reproduction may be availed of by heterosexual and female homosexual couples.

Professor O’Mahony drew attention to the fact that barriers still exist. Firstly, the Act lays out prescriptive criteria under which both people in the couple can be officially recognised as the child’s legal parents from birth. For example, to achieve such recognition, the parents must avail of clinical procedures that maintain complete records, rather than avail of home procedures. The second issue concerns timing. Should the child have been born prior to the Act’s enactment, non-donor parents are excluded from availing of the criteria to achieve legal parentage recognition from birth, as opposed to after the enactment of the Act. Overall, Professor O’Mahony noted that “the gaps in the law have significant implications for children’s rights, including the best interests of the child, the right to family life, and the right to identity.”

It was only earlier this year that the first female same-sex couple, who were from were finally recognised as legal parents from chairperson, David Giles, observed during the

Irish Cork, birth, event.

As Special Rapporteur on Child’s Protection, Professor O’Mahony’s report lays out a series of recommendations that best protect the rights of the child. He advises tightening the gaps in current legislation, such as recognising that those who avail of at home procedures with furnishable reasons should also be recognised as legal parents, implementing official surrogacy laws which adopt international best practice, and overall setting up a strong domestic system to regulate what we have the power to - Irish standards.

Von Meding said that from Equality for Children’s perspective, the report gave them “everything they wanted and then some”. She added that occasionally, it felt like

they were “taking ten steps backwards” but that this report offered them great hope, functioning as a big step forward as they had something tangible and concrete to offer the government as part of the formation of a new bill.

Questions and comments from attendees highlighted other issues, including the large cost barrier. Surrogacy can often be in excess of €100,000. Von Meding further underlined the issue by stating that the only possible way to reduce the cost is to avail of a tax refund worth 20%. She would love to see the introduction of state-funded assistance to couples.

This topical and hugely important event emphasised that the process to introduce new legislation in this field is an ongoing process. Professor O’Mahony’s report, and von Meding’s groundbreaking activism form an integral part of this legislative process.

The power of sharing stories leads to the “growing of legs” in the movement, von Meding observed. She is motivated by the fact that she wants to provide others with the support and information she did not have access to when herself and her wife were undergoing treatment.

She recognised that “[she has] had to learn about a lot of things that [she] should never have had to learn about.”

Von Meding concluded the event with her dream for the future, “I just hope that one day we get to the stage where it is not taboo to have your kids through donor assisted reproduction, or through surrogacy, and that once you have your kids, you are all protected as a legal family.” She ended with one final powerful statement, “no one is equal until we all are.”

Professor Conor O’Mahony’s report, “Review of Children’s Rights and Best Interests in the Context of Donor- Assisted Human Reproduction and Surrogacy in Ireland” may be read on the Department of Children’s website. Equality for Children, of which Ranae von Meding is CEO, may be found on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, and also have their own website.

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Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

Addressing the Stigma: UCC SHAG WEEK ORLA LEAHY News Editor Speaking to Caoimhe Walsh, Students’ Union (SU) Welfare Officer, highlighted the importance of Sexual Health Awareness and Guidance (SHAG) Week in overcoming the “stigma” attached to sexual health. In order to tackle the stigma, the SU hosted a wide variety of events, from a Drag Show, to Consent Tea Parties. A van situated on campus for most of the week offered students free protection and STI testing kits, encouraging students to look after their sexual health, as well as mental and physical health. As Caoimhe acknowledges, “if there is an issue with your sexual health, it will affect your mental health, and it will affect you physically.” Furthermore, last year, the Students’ Union mandated a proposal for the inclusion of an event on consent as part of SHAG Week.

Consequently, on Tuesday, the 19th of October, Alicia O’Sullivan, Quercus Active Citizenship Scholar and SU Environmental Officer, and Bailey Lane, Auditor of the UCC Law Society, held a talk on Safety Over Stigma, which they established earlier this year. The initiative stemmed from Alicia’s own horrific experience as a victim of image-based sexual abuse in April of this year.

On the 8th of April, she woke up to a vast number of messages from concerned friends and family, as an Instagram account had been created purporting to be her. The account copied many details from her own account, including her bio, and captions. There were photographs of nude bodies from the neck down, insinuating that it was Alicia in the photos. Some of the photographs linked to AdmiremeVIP, a platform for over 18s to share “their most intimate and secret content.” She was fortunate in that the content was removed by the end of the day, as in most similar instances, it may take up to a week for the illicit content to be removed.

Following the incident, Alicia reported what had happened to her to the authorities, whose response was not encouraging.

Alicia notes initially that she “was met with numerous comments that deferred [her] from making a formal statement.” One comment even drew a parallel between the false account and “spam emails.” She spent 40 minutes with two middle-aged male Gardaí who kept no official record of her attendance at the station. It was later revealed that what had happened to her was in fact illegal, under section 2 of the recently implemented Harassment, Harmful Communications and Related Offences Act 2020, dubbed Coco’s Law. Alicia strived to ensure others would not be similarly victimised as she had been. Accordingly, she established Safety Over Stigma. The initiative aims to tackle two key issues. Firstly, social media security awareness, as most users are unaware that they can increase the security of their accounts by using two-step authentication. Secondly, to improve the response and handling of such situations by the authorities.

On the 8th of April, in the height of her distress, Alicia told her story over 10 tweets which gained significant publicity online. The reaction and momentum gained by her tweets incentivised her campaign. Their primary goals now include “training for Gardaí on how to respond to victims of online abuse and harssment; to lobby social media companies to take more responsibility for what people can post online; to educate people about their online rights and Coco’s Law and; to educate people about their online behaviour.” The campaign has already marked a number of successes, including the mandation of empathy training for Gardaí by the Minister for Justice, Heather Humphreys.

Bailey and Alicia filed a bill submission to the Oireachtas in May 2021. As part of their submission, they suggested the implementation of an advisory committee to “assist and advise the Media Commission”, “age and identity identification” and “effective reporting.” They also highlighted the “connection between covid warnings and safety regulation.” Instagram included Covid-19 public safety warnings whenever Covid was mentioned in a post. Bailey states that this “was so simple to do” and “why could the same not be done to all posts”, to approve them, and to prevent image-based sexual abuse from occurring. Finally, they underlined the importance of “public awareness, online safety, and media literacy.” Alicia found that there was a severe lack of supports available to her when the incident happened.

Consequently, in an effort to offer increased support, the Department of Justice launched a helpline, Hotline.ie.

Alicia addressed the Oireachtas, and the Department of Justice, with the support of Professor Louise Crowley from the UCC School of Law in June, following their submission for a new bill. The address constituted part of the Pre-Legislative Scrutiny Stage. The bill is 127 pages long, and is currently in its early stages.

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Since the incident, Alicia has spoken on the Claire Byrne Show. She has received a number of kind messages from strangers, applauding her endeavours, and sharing their own personal stories which they never publicised. As Caoimhe Walsh observed, “[imagebased sexual abuse] happens to a lot of people.”

The initiative is progressing from the early kickstart stages to being embedded in UCC. Alicia and Bailey acknowledge that the UCC Bystander Intervention Programme, and the School of Law, were both crucial in establishing their campaign. Safety Over Stigma are currently active across social media platforms, and also have a website, on which more information can be found.

Bailey said that they now strive to “continue to lobby decision makers to ensure that [their] voice is heard and [their] concerns are met with relation to the aims and objectives of Safety Over Stigma.”

The importance of positive sexual health does not end here for the SU, who aim to “bring in sexual health” for “the rest of the campaigns [they] run throughout the year,” following a highly effective and informative campaign over SHAG Week.

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Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

Victim-Blaming in Sexual Assault MAEVE O’KEEFFE Features Editor This article contains topics of sexual harassment, sexual violence and assault. Please skip this article if you feel you may be triggered. We have listed supports at the end of this article. police commissioner Philip Allott resigned after criticism surrounding comments he made in relation to the kidnapping, rape, and murder of Sarah Everard by Metropolitan police officer Wayne Couzens. Allott remarked that women “needed to be streetwise,” about police officers’ powers of arrest, after Everard’s killer was sentenced to a life sentence.

Though it could be noted that Allott’s comments were intended to with the safety of women in mind, the crucial issue is the implication that, for an innocent victim like Everard, not fighting Couzen’s false arrest, or being sufficiently “streetwise” to keep him at bay rendered her in some way responsible for his actions. This is simply not the case. The victim is never at fault. Full and total responsibility lies solely with the offender.

Although comments like “Drink spiking is dangerous and something that you can prevent from happening to you and your friends,” are clearly intended with the best interests of the safety of potential victims in mind, the direction of the campaigning is entirely misguided. Mitigating the intention of these comments does not excuse that fact that they give credence to the incorrect idea that victims can be held accountable for their assault. Nobody is actively hoping to be spiked, sexually assaulted, or raped. Young women in particular are only too aware of the dangers of letting their guard down with regards personal safety. From adolescence, when the first flavours of going out should taste of nothing but freedom and fun with friends, we are told to watch each other’s drinks, to walk each other home, travel in packs, not to get too drunk, not to wear revealing clothes. We have been conditioned to monitor our behaviour to minimise the risks of simply going about our daily lives.

If we are already doing everything in our power to protect ourselves, then why is it that sexual assault occurs? Has it not occurred to anybody placing agency on people “not to get spiked,” that maybe, just maybe, it’s less to do with the educating potential victims on avoiding getting spiked, and more to do with the education and punishment of the predators who are really responsible?

Durham University in England has recently faced backlash after a social media campaign warning students that “Drink Spiking is dangerous and something that you can prevent from happening to you and your friends.” The tweet, which has since been deleted, ran with an image with the bold headline of “Don’t get spiked.” Although now deleted, the tweet serves as evidence of the major culture of victim blaming that still permeates narratives around sexual violence. By promoting the phrase “Don’t get spiked,” as opposed to “Don’t spike,” Durham University perpetuates the problematic notion that on some level, the victim of sexual assault, violence, or harassment is at fault. It places the victim of spiking as the active agent in the narrative as if we are all not already trying to avoid sexual assault, every day of our lives.

Examples of victim blaming like this appear every so often in the media, as an ugly reminder of the prevalence of rape myths in our society. In 2018, a rape trial in here in Cork saw the defence barrister reference the type of underwear the complainant had beenwearing at the time of the alleged assault, implying that “a thong with a lace front” was somehow indicative of consent. More recently in the UK,

It seems so obvious that the victim should not be blamed for their assault, so why is it that victim-blaming statements are still brandished in discussions of sexual violence? Psychologists believe that it is to do with the “just world hypothesis.” This refers to the way that we all like to believe that the world is a just place, where good things happen to good people and only bad people suffer. It is a natural way to make sense of the world to believe that we deserve what happens to us. The idea that someone good and innocent, just like us, could suffer the trauma of a sexual assault threatens this way of viewing the world. We try to rationalise it, by pinpointing some blame on the victim, so that we do not have to confront the reality that something bad could just as easily happen to us. Blaming victims helps people assure themselves that the same thing wouldn’t happen to them, that they would take the precautions and preventative measures to avoid the assault. Understandably, we hate to think about the idea that we are just as vulnerable as victims like Sarah Everard.

While some cases garner significant media attention, or online backlash, it’s also important to note how much victim-blaming slips into our everyday conversations. Each time a remark is made about how drunk the victim was, or how they were perceived to be flirtatious, or dressed in a certain way, we undermine the testimonies of the people who have suffered greatly at the hands of another. Victims of sexual assault are revictimised by the narratives exonerating the offender and pinning some degree of blame on the victim. This re-victimisation stems from the prevalence of rape myths that posit victims as at fault in their assault, or that imply that the victim is lying about the assault, either for attention or because they are misremembering the incident, and are unreliable. It can be as subtle as asking how much a victim had to drink, or alluding to the victim’s relationship to the perpetrator, for example saying things like, “I thought she liked him, they looked very cosy, they’ve gotten

Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express together before.” These rape myths, which excuse, minimalize, or justify sexual aggression, serve only to silence the victims of sexual assault.

A Hidden Marks survey conducted by the National Union of Students in the UK found that 50% of students who had been seriously sexually assaulted did not report their assault due to shame or embarrassment.

Following a traumatic assault, the idea of being exposed to disbelief, character dissection, and sympathy towards the perpetrator can make many victims reluctant to disclose their assault to the authorities. Given the re-traumatisation and mental health difficulties that can accompany having to recount memories of a traumatic incident, it is understandable that many victims choose not to report their assault. Even if the perpetrator is found guilty in the eyes of the law, the victim risks further distress from subtle insinuations that their behaviour invited attack, or that their account of events is simply unbelievable. This makes it so important that we challenge rape myths and victim-blaming when we encounter them.

One of the most infamous cases of victim-blaming in recent years was the trial and coverage of the case of Brock Turner, who sexually assaulted an unconscious Chanel Miller behind a dumpster in Stanford University in 2015. During the trial, Miller was exposed to what she described as an assault of questions, dissecting all facets of her life and behaviour on the night of the assault, from what she was drinking, to what she had eaten that day, and what she was wearing. Turner’s defence hinged upon the rape myth that because Turner was blacked out because of alcohol, that her testimony could not be relied upon, even though there were two witnesses to the assault; two Swedish students who managed to perform a citizen’s arrest on Turner. As Miller subsequently pointed out in an interview, “Rape is not a punishment for getting drunk.” Miller suffered not only the trauma of the assault and the way it was handled by the authorities but also the trauma of her experiences being treated as unreliable in the courtroom.

The double standards showcased during Turner’s trial for rape were astonishing. Miller’s alcohol consumption was cited time and time againas a reason to discredit her account and character. Meanwhile, Turner’s character was spoken about in reverential terms, as the “happy-go-lucky” friend and a shining star of the swimming team. Kate Manne draws upon this case as an example of the phenomenon of “himpathy” in her compelling feminist books “Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny” and “Entitled:

BYSTANDER FEATURES

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How Male Privilege Hurts Women.” According to Manne, ‘himpathy’ is the inappropriate sympathy to male perpetrators at the expense of their victims. Think of how the reputational damage suffered by individuals accused of rape is brought up during media reports of rape trials, or how inappropriate behaviour from male friends is dismissed because he’s a “good guy really.” Why is it that when a girl is sexually assaulted while drunk, she is blamed for the assault; “What did she have to drink? What did she expect?” while when a man commits sexual assault while drunk, his drunkenness is used to excuse his harmful behaviour; “He was drunk, he didn’t know what he was doing, he’s not normally like that.” We are told that rape accusations ruin lives, as though rape does not also ruin lives.

Carelessness, drunkenness, intoxication, clothing choices, attractiveness; none of these things justify rape or sexual assault. We need to let go of the narrative that the choices women make render them responsible for the reprehensible actions of sexual offenders. The brutal reality is that until potential perpetrators are challenged for their behaviour, it does not matter how vigilant women are concerning their safety.

I would argue that the idea that women are somehow responsible for assault by wearing “provocative” clothing or underwear, or going out and getting drunk does a disservice to the majority of men, too. Rape and sexual assault do not occur instantaneously when a man encounters a drunk woman in a short dress. Most men can control themselves and can be relied upon to treat others with the respect and dignity they deserve. Rape and sexual assault occur when predators decide to exploit the perceived vulnerability in innocent victims. Once again, I reiterate, the only person to blame for sexual assault is the perpetrator.

We need to redirect the focus of campaigns surrounding women’s safety.

The issue is not that women aren’t streetwise enough, or that women are not trying hard enough not to get spiked on nights out. The issue is with the type of person who spikes drinks or kidnaps women walking home. This reframing of how sexual assault is perceived is urgently needed to support victims and call out the actual problem. Becoming aware of the subtle ways in which victims are held accountable for their assaults is important so that these misguided perspectives can be challenged. Combatting rape myths will facilitate the healing and justice processes for victims of assault, by letting them know that they will not be judged or viewed as even partly responsible.

The Bystander Intervention programme in UCC highlights the problematic nature of victim-blaming and combats the rapemyths that still sadly exist in our society. You can sign up today to complete the Bystander Intervention module on Canvas.

If you have been affected by any of the topics mentioned in this article, here are some of the services available locally to support you: Visit your local Sexual Assault Treatment Unit, with details available on the HSE website. UCC Student Counselling - counselling@ucc.ie Rape Crisis Network – 24-hour helpline number is1800778888 Sexual Violence Centre Cork - the freephone number is 1800 496 496 for those calling from the Cork area, but the centre can also be contacted by texting 087 1533 393 or emailing info@sexualviolence.ie

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FEATURES Going All Out

Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

MAEVE O’KEEFFE Features Editor

“Don’t it always seem to go, that you don’t know what you’ve got ‘til it’s gone.” – Joni Mitchell, Big Yellow Taxi “I am so sick of forking over a tenner just to get into that kip of a club,” my friend moaned during our customary Friday morning debrief in the kitchen of our first year accommodation. Each morning we reached the same conclusion; that most of our nights out were exhausting, overpriced, and overrated. Still, we returned each week to the same spots, following the same routines as we embarked on our pilgrimage, from bubbling pre-drinks in someone’s kitchen, to the shivering and knock knee-ed queue to the club, reaching the symbolic summit of our journey on the dancefloor to ABBA. The goal of the pilgrimage was mostly ambiguous; some hoped for romance (if that’s what you call shifting in a dark corner of a club), others were merely hoping for a good old-fashioned boogie (bonus points if the DJ played some Westlife songs), and some of the group had no aim but to reach paralytic levels of drunkenness. Whatever the motivation for the pilgrimage, there was undoubtedly a sense of fulfilment that accompanied the pitstop in a revered, yet decidedly rough and ready fast-food place on the way home. Wolfing into pizza, chips, and kebabs that we paid for with cards sticky from vodka, we would come to our senses as the delirium of drinking and dancing the night away wore off.

Crucial to our outings were the mornings after. The least hungover pilgrim would don their runners, an oversized hoodie, and a top-knot, and mooch to the nearest Centra for sausage rolls and Lucazade Sport, the most reliable of hangover cures. Not all heroes wear capes, eh? We’d gather around the kitchen table, still strewn with mementoes from the night before – pizza boxes and empty cans – and recount stories of what happened throughout the night.

Often, this involved a bit of detective work, piecing together the fragments of each individual’s night out into a (somewhat) cohesive narrative. We laughed about which couples got together in the smoking area, who was found worse for the wear in the toilets, who ran into that random person from their course and made a show of themselves by spilling drink down themselves.

On big nights, these escapades were amplified. The streets would be thronged with people, all battling to appear as sober as possible before the surly bouncers. The glamour of thoughtfully considered outfits quickly descended into varying degrees of messiness. Fake tan blemishing once white minidresses in pools of underarm sweat, sleekly straightened hair turned frizzy and loose, t-shirts stained from jostles for drinks at the overcrowded bar, slick new trainers scuffed from stampedes of feet when Mr Brightside blared out from the dancefloor.

However, at some point throughout my first year of college, a distinct

sense of inertia set in around our college nights out. Our funds were dwindling, while our assignments were accumulating. What was once deemed sacred ritual, became repetitive, and some of the gang began to complain about the expenses and predictability of our messy nights out.

Naturally, when these nights out were swept up from under our feet at the start of the pandemic, they promptly changed their tune. We worked hard to adapt to socialising during a pandemic, from Zoom catchups during the worst of the restrictions, to meeting in small groups outdoors, to a return to pubs and restaurants in small groups. Many months of isolation saw us welcome an easing of restrictions with open arms. We were grateful to get to see anyone in-person again, regardless of the setting. Still, we lamented, “I’d do anything to hop up on the tables in Wash again.”

Now, with further easing of restrictions for vaccinated people, and Taoiseach Micheál Martins’s assurance that “what traditionally happens at nightclubs will still happen at nightclubs,” it will be interesting to see how the novelty of the traditional college nightlife will be received, all these months later. Have we moved past those messy nights to social engagements less reliant on copious amounts of alcohol and joltingly loud music? Have more intimate gatherings hinged on conversations with friends, or house parties that don’t require a tenner entry fee eclipsed the need for the bustling nights out in the city we were accustomed to?

My guess is no. Even if it’s not everyone’s cup of tea (which it most certainly isn’t), there is something formative about the experience of going “out-out” in college. The degree of chaos that surrounds a night of dancing until the early hours feels as though it could only be fully embraced at this point in our lives. Again, that’s not to imply that the drama and rigmarole of large-scale nights out is for everybody.

In fact, the most vital takeaway from how we have learned to socialise in different ways during the pandemic is that having fun is not a “one size fits all” affair. I would hope that we have learned to identify the kinds of engagements we value most as individuals. Sure, that might be a wild night in style (or at least, some semblance of style) in the clubs of Cork City, but it might also mean cheese, crackers, and a beloved movie or favourite book. For others, it’s a few mocktails or cocktails in a nice bar with a friend or two. Some of us might still be mad with anticipation of a return to live music. And many of us are looking forward to a mixture of all of these, in moderation. Do what suits you, when it suits you.

Though I encourage you to expand your friend group and embrace the social scene in college, don’t feel pressure to succumb to the expectation of how you think college students should go out. Just because it might seem like we are all going out, doesn’t mean we have to always go all out.

Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

FEATURES

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Spirituality: Appropriation or appreciation.

BILLY O’CONNOR Staff Writer

The line between cultural appropriation and appreciation has long been a blurred one. Oftentimes, it is talked about in terms of hairstyles and vernacular regarding black American culture, but a recent ‘trend’ has brought to the forefront an under-represented and under-appreciated practice that is sacred to Buddhists and Hinduists in particular.

While spirituality itself is, of course, not inherently offensive, the exploitation of Buddhist and Hindu practices like the use of crystals in meditation and aligning one’s chakra in order to achieve a sense of inner peace, may prove more problematic than one might initially think.

When we think of how spirituality as a concept separate from traditional religion in western culture has been portrayed in the media, we can harken the back to late 90s and early 2000s satire portraying the white person with too much money and too much time turning to minimalism and oftentimes some appropriative style of Buddhism or Hinduism in order to achieve a sense of inner peace or simply just to take advantage of ancient eastern practices being adopted by the west often in a diluted way. This portrayal is obviously an imitation of real-life appropriation seen every day by some of the most privileged and largely out of touch celebrities ala Gwenyth Paltrow who has made millions on the rise of the self-care craze by pushing ‘whacky’ and ‘exotic’ treatments, juices and cleanses among other things which generally are appropriative styles of eastern practices.

I would like to be upfront with my hypocrisy, however, as I have found major comfort in the use of many of these practices, like burning incense, using crystals while meditating among other things in order to augment my manifestation experiences, but I am not unaware of the problematic nature of these practices being used by white Europeans. There is a song on the artist Lorde’s new album ‘Solar Power’ titled ‘Mood Ring’, which masterfully

encapsulates the irony involved in the use of these methods by white people and the lack of self-awareness involved. She satirizes the misconceptions and vapidity of the diluted practices like burning sage and astrological verbiage without properly acknowledging its heritage and traditions in eastern cultures.

I think it’s worth exploring the true depths of the cultural significance these practices hold in Buddhism specifically, both in religious/ spiritual terms and culturally. If we take crystals as an example, we can divulge the true depth of the spiritual significance that certain crystals and stones hold in Buddhist culture. The tears of the Buddha were said to have been rubies and Tibetan Buddhists believed that rubies were an effective solution for issues with sperm production. The association of fertility and issues surrounding it is one of the most sacred and personal aspects of any culture and it is important that it be respected and not used in a shallow or impersonal way. I know it can seem dictatorial to talk about seemingly harmless usage of other cultural practices, but it is important to maintain the integrity and significance that these practices hold to others and not exploit them to a point that they have lost all cultural significance, as this is where the root of cultural appropriation lies.

I think the discomfort lies less around the use of these traditions themselves and more so the unbridled ignorance of many to not acknowledge the major discrimination many from eastern and Asian countries, specifically Buddhists and Hindus have faced simply by practising their religion and spirituality.

The colonialist past of white Europeans cannot be erased by ‘trends’ and it is vital that we acknowledge the troubled history of European treatment of eastern countries and their traditions and practices. Only by doing this will we be able to unblur the lines of appreciation and appropriation.

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OPINION

Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

The Hardship of Third-Level Students PHILLIP BRENNAN Student Contributor

Third-level students across Ireland are experiencing a violation of human rights. Students are being locked out of education due to spiralling fees and rent costs.

Furthermore, students are starving and living in poverty as they have barely enough to get by. Ireland is driving its young people away from the endless possibility and the opportunities the state has to offer.

On Monday, October 4th, the cabinet met at UCC to sign off on the National Development Plan (NDP), described as a “to-do list or wish list”.

The cabinet came when the UCC’s Student Union (SU) announced the reopening of the ‘Students Union Food Bank’.

The food bank was reinstalled to help students who are struggling to buy food and other essential items.

UCC students seeking food parcels had to be turned away when SU ran out of food after just 50 minutes. Students across Ireland are starving and living in poverty. This is the reality of having the highest college fees in the EU and increasing rents.

On October 4th, the cabinet didn’t meet with students or the SU executive during their time at UCC. Students were sidelined by the NDP plan. The lack of effort demonstrated by our government goes to show how much they care about students.

The Government has no interest in addressing the problems that we are facing. The NDP is a prime example of how the Government looks for opportunities to make them look good.

The Government believes that the NDP is an example of progress, when in fact, it places societal issues under the table.

I believe that the Government has no ambition, no courage, no big ideas, or leadership to tackle the issues we are facing today.

The food bank is the second time this semester that the SU had to intervene to provide students with their fundamental human rights.

On September 23rd, third-level students from across the country gathered outside Dáil Éireann to underscore the accommodation crisis, which has overcome boiling point.

The Union of Students in Ireland (USI) organised the ‘No Keys, No Degrees’ demonstration. The USI has said that several students are being locked out of education and academic success due to a lack of suitable accommodation due to the crisis.

The protest saw many students preparing their tents and wrapping up in their sleeping bags as they settled outside Dáil Éireann for the night.

USI President, Clare Austick, stressed that students are forced to stay in hotels, B&Bs, and hostels. Many students are participating in ‘couch surfing’ for most of their academic year.

Furthermore, many students must commute long distances for college. Many students work long hours at the weekend to earn extra money to meet the demands of high rents and other expenses.

USI President Austick speaks for many when she specified that “We’re angry, we’re outraged, we’re frustrated. We’re annoyed that the Government just has not taken our calls on board and haven’t taken the student accommodation crisis seriously enough”.

Students have the road does

had an excruciating 18 months, and not seem to be getting any smoother.

Last year I had the privilege of being the class representative for my course BSc Government and Political Science II. However, I witnessed and understood the effect of the pandemic on the students in my class. Covid-19 deprived students of the complete third-level experience. Students had been locked out of the learning environment and arguably locked out of their own critical and independent thought. The classroom and the students that are subject to them had been gradually eroded.

The classroom empowers students to engage with diverse opinions and philosophies. Consequently, enhancing their knowledge and attitudes that prepare them for the world. This environment was usurped from students for public health measures. This environment is being usurped from students yet again by high fees and accommodation issues.

Many students struggled to find accommodation before the academic year commenced. I was one of those students. I began my search in May 2021 and my search ended at the end of August. I was actively searching for somewhere for the months of May and June. During July, I was spending hours online every day looking for a place to live. I believed that if I didn’t find accommodation for the academic year, my degree would be put at risk.

However, we are now halfway through semester one and high rental prices and a severe shortage of available accommodation is putting students’ academic success at risk.

This predicament leaves students at a crossroads. However, these crossroads have been deprived of signposts. Many students ask if they must defer their course for a year and save money for an affordable house. They ask if they should leave college and find a job because they are unable to pay their fees and rent. Students must answer many difficult questions.

The road we choose could lead to a devastating location. Thousands of students have found themselves sequestered in an ever-changing environment.

This startling and doubtful emotion is subject to many thoughts.

Budget 2022 did not provide any comfort for students. The budget didn’t provide any new capital funding for third-level institutions to efficiently build much-needed student accommodation. It is quite possible that we will see a severe student accommodation crisis next September.

For the first time in ten years, the SUSI grant increased by €200 a year. That is roughly €22 per month which is going to help students.

I have discussed the SUSI grant increase with other students and the consensus is that the monthly increase is inadequate. €22 a month will not be able to cover the cost of shopping or electricity for a week. €22 a month barely covers the cost of a bus or train ticket home at the weekend. The monthly grant does not cover the full cost of rent, the grant barely touches the surface. The SUSI grant does not reflect the cost of being a student at all. Students in Ireland must pay the highest college fees in the EU and increase rents. Students need a liveable grant. The SAAS in Scotland is paying

OPINION

Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

around £700 a month for students. It is no surprise that students go abroad to study for their degrees.

The housing crisis has been an issue in Ireland for several years.

The crisis does not seem to be coming to an end any time soon.

Governments have blamed the crisis on years of austerity.

In 2015, only 75 social houses were built in comparison to 8’500 houses in 1970 and 6’900 houses in 1985.

The dramatic decrease in construction was a result of the Government handing the development to the private sector. The Government argues that the private sector is vital in building a ‘modern economy’. The National Asset Management Agency (NAMA) purchased land from the government but were unable to repay.

The lands that are available to us can have 500’000 houses built on them. Frustratingly, these houses are not being built because of spiralling rent increases. Public land is being developed for private housing, not for social or affordable housing. The Government needs to build 30’000 affordable houses each year.

Ireland is not one of the best states to invest in regarding property.

The Department of Finance stated that international companies such as Apple, and Pfizer are setting high inflation rates. Decision making is investor centred not tenant centred. Ireland is obeying the powers of multinational companies and turning a blind eye to the electorate. Consequently, driving them away from the state.

The blame game must end, and our elected representatives must brush politics aside. All parties on both sides of the political spectrum must reach a bipartisan agreement on addressing the housing crisis. Ireland’s housing crisis is

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affecting all members of society, not just third-level students.

Students are sitting their Junior Cert and Leaving Cert exams living in emergency accommodation. Third-level students are attempting to navigate through their courses living in emergency accommodation.

Why are we allowing this to happen? Why are we allowing young people to ponder the question of which country they should emigrate to? The Government is forcing future generations to leave the country.

How can we look at children growing up and living in emergency accommodation such as hotels? Children living in emergency accommodation fear Santa Clause will not visit at Christmas because they constantly move from accommodation to accommodation.

Children should not have to worry about these things that we take for granted. The Government is usurping children from their childhoods, imaginations, and dreams by allowing the crisis to continue. Thus, creating further problems down the line.

Young people people people

people will have to pay the price of austerity. will have to pay the price of climate change. will have to pay the price of Covid-19. will have to pay the price of the housing

Young Young Young crisis.

Parents have died in emergency accommodation because they could not find a home. Families have been torn apart because of emergency accommodation. This is not normal.

This is brash and a violation of our fundamental human rights.

The Government cannot simply sweep Ireland’s housing crisis under the carpet. We cannot ignore the housing crisis. Ireland’s ongoing housing crisis is a dystopia. Ireland’s housing crisis is dishonest and should not be taking place in a contemporary world.

BYLINE VOLUME 7 ISSUE 3

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EDITORIAL

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Issue four Hello readers! I am delighted to welcome you to another edition of Byline. At the time of writing, I am currently on a well-needed holiday in Athens (but don’t tell my lecturers). Working on the Express while abroad has made me reflect on working from home. Imagine how much people’s life satisfaction would improve if they could work while travelling! Of course, there are issues of productivity and the environmental impact of everyone being free to travel all the time. Still, it’s food for thought.

Our byline cover this week is by the ever-talented Jason O’Gorman. The picture depicts the crossing of the corner on Washington Street with a Squid Game twist. I won’t spoil the first episode for those of you who haven’t watched it but picking that particular corner is very apt. Jason is going to be selling prints of this particular piece which you can find on jasonogorman.ie. I highly recommend you check his work out.

Byline this week promises to be another exciting read, this time with a spooky (but also jazzy) finish. Turn the page to find out who to check out during the upcoming Cork Jazz Festival, which games to play during the scariest season and how to cook a lovely pumpkin soup recipe.

Jack Coleman Byline Editor

byline@uccexpress.ie

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Gaeilge

18 Fáilte chuig An Cumann Drámaíochta!

NIAMH NÍ LEIDÍ Cathaoirleach an Cumann Drámaíochta

Dia dhaoibh, a chairde, Is mise Niamh Ní Leidí, Cathaoirleach an Chumainn Drámaíochta I mbliana agus ba mhaith liom píosa cainte a dhéanamh libh inniu.

Cad é an Cumann Drámaíochta a deir tú? Go bunúsach, is cumann sinn in UCC a dhéanann píosa drámaíochta as Gaelainn.

Is grúpa an-bheag sinne ach táimid an-láidir san ollscoil agus tá grá mór againn don Ghaeilge agus don chraic gan amhras!

I rith na dianghlasála bhí sé an-deacair ar fad mar, ar ndóigh, ní rabhamar in ann dráma a dhéanamh ar stáitse. Mar sin, bhí orainn a bheith an-chruthaitheach ar fad agus rud a dhéanamh ar líne. Rinneamar dráma raidió darbh ainm ‘Rogha gach Díogha’ atá le cloisteáil ar shuíomh Raidio na Gaeltachta anois. Chomh maith leis sin, rinneamar ár ndráma féin, darbh ainm ‘Rún ar Zúm’, a bhí scríofa ag ár n-oifigeach airgeadais i mbliana, Gormfhlaith Ní Shíocháin Ní Bheoláin. Bhí mise mar stiúrthóir air sin agus caithfidh mé a rá gur taithí an-spéisiúil ar fad ab ea é a bheith páirteach le dráma trí Zoom ar fad. Ar an iomlán bhí ceithre eipeasóid againn agus bhí siad an-rathúil ar fad! Is féidir leat iad a sheiceáil ar ár gcuntas Instagram: @ancumannducc.

I mbliana: I mbliana, táimid dóchasach go mbeimid ar ais ag cur drámaí ar stáitse arís! An plean atá againn is ea chun sceitsí beaga a dhéanamh, agus ‘An Triail’ a dhéanamh mar dhráma mór. Toisc gur dráma an-cháiliúil agus dáiríre é ‘An Triail’, ba mhaith linn ceart a thabhairt dó. Táimid chun trialacha a dhéanamh i mí Dheireadh Fómhair, agus cleachtaí a thosnú i mí na Samhna. Ba mhaith linn é a churar stáitse i seimeaster a dó ansin. Tá sceitimíní an domhain orainn mar sin!

Sin é uaimse, a chairde. Go raibh maith agaibh as an méid seo go léir a léamh. Agus tá súil agam go bhfeicfidh mé sibh go luath. Grá mór!

Grúpa de chuid An Cumann Drámaíochta ar thuras chuig an bpictiúrlann chun Arracht a fheiscint

19 gaeilge Fáilte chuig An Cumann Drámaíochta!

ANTÓIN Ó TRINLÚIN Oifigeach Oideachais na Cuallachta

Is í An Chuallacht Ghaelach (Cumann Gaelach Choláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh) ceann de na cumainn ollscoile is sine cois Laoi. Bunaíodh an cumann in 1912, mar sin tá An Chuallacht níos sine ná Saorstát Éireann (1922), an builín slisnithe (1927) agus peinicillin (1928). Bhí mic léinn Chorcaí páirteach sa Chuallacht sular thosnaigh an Chéad Chogadh Domhanda (1914) nó Éirí Amach na Cásca (1916). Seans gur pléadh an Titanic ag chéad chruinniú an chumainn, tar éis di imeacht ón gCóbh anseo i gCorcaigh in Aibreán na bliana céanna. Is baolach go ndeachaigh an long úd go tóin poill laistigh de sheachtain, ach tá an Chuallacht fós ag dul ó neart go neart tar éis naoi mbliana is céad.

Tá sé mar aidhm ag an gCuallacht an Ghaeilge a chur chun cinn ar an gcampas, agus i measc mhic léinn na hollscoile.

Glacann an Chuallacht páirt lárnach i saol an Choláiste agus is minic go bhfeictear sinn i gcroílár an champais. Fiú nuair a bhíomar go léir ag streachailt le saol na paindéime, lean obair na Cuallachta ar aghaidh ar líne. Buailfimid le chéile go minic le haghaidh Pop-Up Gaeltachtaí, Ciorcail Chomhrá agus imeachtaí eile. D’eagraíomar oíche bhiongó agus ócáid luaschairdis dár mbaill cheana féin i mbliana. Bíonn dhá chlár raidió ar siúl againn chomh maith: ceann ar Raidió RíRá (Máirt 08:00-10:00) agus ceann ar UCC FM (Máirt 11:0012:00). Ainmníodh ár gclár ar UCC FM mar cheann de na cláir ab fhearr ar an stáisiún úd san Irish Examiner. Déanaimid

Baill de choiste na Cuallachta leis an Uachtarán John O’Halloran. iarracht imeachtaí éagsúla, spéisiúla a eagrú dár mbaill; d’éirigh linn maidin, ióga, ceardlann fostaíochta, aoichainteoirí, oíche mocktail, díospóireachtaí agus go leor rudaí eile a chur ar siúl anuraidh. D’fhoilsíomar iris lán-Ghaeilge darbh ainm Breac, a bhí lán le píosaí scríbhneoireachta ónár mbaill, agus chuireamar go mór leis an iris Campus Narrative a phlé le taithí na mac léinn ar an bpaindéim.

Reáchtáil an Chuallacht turasanna, bálanna, agus tráthanna na gceist roimh an bpaindéim. Coinnigí súil ar ár ríomhphostanna agus ár gcuntas Instagram; beidh an-chuid imeachtaí taitneamhacha ag filleadh orainn i mbliana. Is deiseanna iontacha iad na himeachtaí seo, sos a thógaint ón staidéar, bualadh le cairde nua agus snas a chur ar do chuid Gaeilge! Ní bhíonn aon bhrú i gceist- ní bhíonn ann ach spórt agus spraoi.

Baill den Chuallacht ag Pop-Up Gaeltacht le déanaí

Is cumann rathúil í an Chuallacht sa bhliain 2021, le os cionn 1,800 ball agus na mílte leantóir ar na meáin shóisialta.

Tá baill againn ó réimse leathan cúrsaí, ní hamháin ón nGaeilge. I láthair na huaire, tá mic léinn leighis, pholaitíochta, síceolaíochta agus dlí ar ár gcoiste (i measc cúrsaí eile). Tá baill ag an gCuallacht i ngach bliain-ghrúpa san ollscoil, agus ar gach campas. Tagann baill an chumainn ó cheann ceann na hÉireann, agus ó thimpeall an domhain. Tagann daoine ón nGaeltacht agus ón nGalltacht, daoine le Gaeilge líofa agus daoine le ‘cúpla focal.’ Is pobal ilghnéitheach sinne, agus cuirimid fáilte roimh chách i gcónaí. Ná bígí cúthaileach, bígí linn!

Byline focus

20 Is There Tribalism in Esports Fandom?

JACK COLEMAN Byline Editor

Many traditional sports are heavily influenced by tribalism.

It is particularly prevalent in sports like football where most if not all fans align themselves to a particular club. This is often the local football team in the area. Though, many people also choose to support a larger club in addition to their local team.

This is prevalent in Ireland where many football fans choose to follow an English Premier League club (I’m an Everton fan). However, a subsection of the football community are hardcore fans, people who mould aspects of their personality and life around their chosen club. The most fanatical niche of these fans are called ultras. Ultras are known for their use of banners, flares and chanting to intimidate the opposition.

Team sports seem to be more conducive to creating hardcore supporters, you typically don’t see the same level of communal support for golfers or professional mixed martial arts fighters.

will join a local club. This then leads to local fans supporting the local team which is made up of their neighbours. Esports doesn’t require these spaces, which means teams are made up of players who may not live anywhere close to one another.

However, esports is constrained by geography in one way. Ping.

Ping is how fast a server can read someone’s inputs. Obviously, in a video game where there are a lot of rapid inputs, having this number as low as possible is a priority. Even playing at 100 milliseconds of ping can be incredibly frustrating for a player. In this way, esports is gated by geography. Most esports competitions occur on Local Area Network (LAN) so ping is zero, enabling players to utilise the full extent of their reaction times. However, as someone needs to physically be in a location to play on LAN, this creates situations where competitions often occur in a centralised location within This brings us to the topic of this article, fandom in esports. a region. For example, the League of Legends European Prospective esports fans coming from a traditional sports Championships (LEC) take place in Berlin and the League of background may be curious as to the type of fans that exist in Legends Championship Series (LCS) take place in Los Angeles. esports. Fandom in esports is an interesting case. Since esports Because of this regional clustering, esports fans tended to has its roots in online play, geography is less of a factor than gravitate towards supporting an entire region rather than an in traditional sports. Obviously, in GAA or football, a team has individual team. This is also because large esports tend to have to travel to a physical space to play another team. This means an international tournament each year where the best teams local physical spaces (e.g GAA pitches) have to be created to from every region compete. For League of Legends, this is the facilitate these sports. Naturally, people who live in a local area World Championships, for DotA, this is The International, for

21 fighting games, this is the Evolution Championship Series.

This is where tribalism tends to come into play in esports.

There are famous and very heated regional rivalries. The history of League of Legends has historically been dominated

by Korean teams. South Korean Telecom T1 has won the competition a record three times. However, recently Chinese teams have been finding success, winning two of the last three world championships. This has created an intense rivalry between Korean and Chinese fans, with both sets of fans being particularly fierce about the performance of their teams. “Swimming back home” is a common threat thrown out by Chinese fans after one of their representatives underperforms. Despite the animosity between both sets of fans, it is extremely common for Korean players to play in the League of Legends Pro League (LPL), the Chinese league. In fact, two of the most recognisable LPL players Kim “Doinb” Tae-sang and Song “Rookie” Eui-jin are both Korean.

In the Western League sphere, there is also a catty rivalry between North American fans and European fans. Neither region has won a World Championship since 2011 (when Europe’s Fnatic took home the trophy) but Europe has almost always outperformed North America in international tournaments. I wouldn’t describe this rivalry as quite as intense as the Korean/Chinese matchup but if one were to look at the Twitch chat of any international match they would find that 90% of the messages are in some way making fun of either Europe or North America. Generally speaking, besides the occasional unusually good European team (G2 Esports), neither North America nor Europe tends to win international tournaments so the bragging rights in this rivalry come from which region performs better against the Korean and Chinese teams.

Just because regional rivalry constitutes a large part of the tribalism found in esports doesn’t mean that “team” (club) support doesn’t exist. Generally speaking, the largest esports

byline focus teams attract a dedicated individual following. In Europe, the classic rivalry is between fans of Fnatic and fans of G2 Esports (the old kings versus the new kings is the tagline often used).

North America has a more dispersed fandom with 100 Thieves, Team Solomid, Cloud 9 and Team Liquid all having a significant following. There is a level of team fandom in esports, but the difference is that without a real geographical anchor (besides region) fans choose their teams more so than their teams choosing them. In football, Hull City will always have the support of people from Hull. In League of Legends, there is often no draw for fans to support a team like the Golden Guardians who have never finished in the top half of the LCS since their creation.

There has been a move in recent years towards anchoring esports teams to a geographic area. Franchised leagues like the Overwatch League and the Call of Duty League required teams buying into the league to create a new brand based on a city. Overwatch League has teams from all over the world, for example, the Los Angeles Gladiators, the London Spitfire, the Seoul Dynasty and the Shanghai Dragons. The Call of Duty League adopted a similar style of team naming conventions (clearly inspired by American leagues like the NFL) with team names like Atlanta FaZe, Toronto Ultra and Dallas Empire. As to whether these teams have attracted a local following from these cities, I can’t personally say.

The pandemic derailed the Overwatch League’s attempt to introduce “home” events in some of their team’s cities. As of now, teams that aren’t anchored to cities like Team Solomid still have a much larger fanbase than city-based teams. Only time will tell if esports teams will continue to attempt to “headquarter” in a specific area or if Los Angeles will continue to pull the majority of the North American industry towards its shore.

Perhaps as esports matures, we will see fans become more fanatical about specific teams? The seeds have certainly been planted.

FILM & TV

22 The Second Coming of Russell T. Davies SIOBHÁN MCCALLUM Student Contributor

I’ve never believed in miracles. As a matter of fact, I’m quite content with the chaotic nature of our universe. However at the end of September last, on Friday the 24th to be precise, my non-faith was shaken. On that fair afternoon, something so shocking, marvellous and utterly mindblowing occurred that it could only reasonably be chalked down to divine intervention.

A message appeared as if by magic on the official Doctor Who Twitter account, that may as well have come from the angel Gabriel himself. Russell T. Davies, the man responsible for the astronomical rise of Doctor Who, is to return as showrunner for the show’s 60th anniversary and series beyond. The Prodigal son of the BBC will return home to his beloved Sci-Fi series, and fans all over the world were quick to react to this miraculous news. Yet, if any of us had been paying close attention, this decision has been inevitable for quite some time now.

During his tenure as showrunner, head writer and producer from 2005-2010, Davies achieved the impossible: he made Doctor Who cool again. Despite a tumultuous start to his new era, with Christopher Eccleston quitting the role as the titular hero before series one had even aired, Davies eventually heralded in a new golden age of the iconic Sci-Fi series. Davies’ decision to make this revamp a grounded character drama was a masterstroke, as new companions such as Rose Tyler, Matha Jones and the inimitable Donna Noble made tuning in each week an absolute joy. Coupled with this, David Tennant’s 10th Doctor quickly rivalled the great Tom Baker as a fan favourite portrayal of the legendary time traveller. Children around the world could hide behind their sofas once again, as iconic monsters such as the Daleks and Cybermen returned to screens to battle with the Doctor.

Whomania swept across Britain, and even more importantly, the show reached a global audience in the most significant way since its inception. Merchandise was abundant, with children’s toy shops bursting at the seams with Doctor Who iconography.

The media became saturated with content regarding the latest episodes, casting rumours and possible future storylines that could be explored. Despite its campy style, the show was more than just a fun family romp, and instead produced some of the greatest works in television history. Accolades reigned from the heavens as the show picked up National Television awards, BAFTAs and even four Hugo awards for outstanding achievements in drama. Never before had the show received such universal acclaim and admiration from fans and critics alike.

However, as the old saying goes, all good things must come to an end. In May 2008 Davies publicly announced his decision to step down as showrunner. Moreover, other production team members were set to finish their time on the show, most notably producers Julie Gardner and Phil Collinson. A series of five specials, that would air from Christmas day 2008 to New Years day 2010, would bridge the gap between his final series as showrunner and his successor Steven Moffat’s first series in charge. Fittingly, David Tennant decided to bow out as the

Doctor at the same time as Davies. Their final story, The End of Time, remains a fitting tribute to over five years of storytelling and ended their time on the show together in a signature bombastic and emotional style. It was the end of an era, but the arrival of Matt Smith as the 11th Doctor alongside new showrunner Steven Moffat was the perfect reminder of how integral regeneration is to the survival of such a long-running series.

Just as with the Davies era, Moffat’s time as head producer and writer produced some magnificent moments in television.

He retained the core essence of the show, and with the help of Murray Gold’s continued presence as the composer of the series, achieved a huge level of cohesion with the previous seasons. In addition, the 50th-anniversary special was a true gem that celebrated the return of such an iconic series to TV screens and was a cultural event much in the same way Tennant’s final adventure was back in 2010. Unfortunately, there were some issues that arose during Moffat’s reign that caused problems for Moffat during his time in charge. Scheduling complications led to shifting air dates and eventually led to a split series in 2011during Smith’s second series. In addition, more complex stories and themes left many fans confused and isolated from the storytelling isolated from the show. By the time Peter Capaldi took over as the Doctor in 2014, there was some scepticism surrounding the longevity of the show.

It quickly became evident that the series was losing creative quality with each passing year. Apart from the masterful ‘Heaven Sent’, Capaldi’s time as the Doctor no longer held the same standard as previous years. At the close of his final series, viewing figures were poor and it was once again time to revamp the show in a bid to save it from collapse.

The decision was eventually made that Chris Chibnall, who had previously written for the show under Davies and Moffat, was the man for the job. Not long after, it was announced that the first female actor would take up the role as the 13th Doctor, in the form of Jodie Whitaker. There was a lot at stake.

It was up to Whitaker and Chibnall, alongside a completely rejuvenated production team, to improve viewing figures and prove to naysayers that a female Doctor could indeed work.

What was once my favourite show, had now become something I no longer engaged with at all.

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Unfortunately for everyone involved, they did not succeed in either of these ventures. Despite an immediate uptick in viewers for the series 11 premiere, audience figures have gone into freefall since then, reaching record lows for the show. Moreover, fans were quick to voice their concern over the creative quality of the show over confusing direction, unconvincing performances and unappealing cinematography. These issues combined with some problematic, albeit well-intentioned, political messaging and the extremely controversial Timeless Child story arc, resulted in reams of fans quitting the show for good and public sentiment for Doctor Who dwindling into obscurity.

Like so many other fans of Doctor Who, I was disappointed at this decline. What was once my favourite show, had now become something I no longer engaged with at all. At one stage I even came to the conclusion that maybe I just couldn’t connect with the show because of my age. I wasn’t a child anymore, so maybe the spirit of the show just didn’t really resonate with me anymore. It wasn’t long however before I rediscovered my love for Doctor Who by returning to the Davies era. An era I had watched and rewatched several times but hadn’t quite returned to as an adult yet. The same thing happened to fans all over the world, who had grown up with the show. In their critique and frustration with Chibnall’s Doctor Who, they used Davies’ era as a benchmark of what the show could be. The dramatic

FILM & TV

heights it could achieve, the worldbuilding it could create and the emotional resonance it could have with the viewer.

Consequently, when Chibnall and Whitaker announced their imminent departure from the show this year, there was a genuine belief among fans that the show could still possibly achieve the glory of its past if only the right person was put in charge.

After months of speculation, who else could the BBC have chosen to save the show from disaster? After all, Davies already did so back in 2005, successfully reviving Doctor Who after nearly a twenty-year hiatus. As a highly profitable product, the BBC was never going to let Doctor Who fails, and my genuine feeling is that this decision was the only way to ensure this. Although some could argue that returning to Davies raises the risk of the show going backwards, examining Davies’ recent work will surely ease their anxieties. Davies has gone from strength to strength as a TV writer and producer, gifting the world with dramas such as ‘Years and Years’ and his most recent project, ‘It’s a Sin’.

Both series have been highly praised for their strong characters, humour and sensibility and political messaging. There is no doubt that he will explore new avenues of the Doctor Who universe, and will surely have the leverage to take more artistic risks with his new, new era of the show. For this non-believer, I have faith enough to believe that Davies can in fact perform a miracle, and resurrect this show from the dead once again.

FOOD & HEALTH Getting the Most Out of Your Pumpkins This Halloween NATHAN CAREY Food and Health Editor

Every October the people of Ireland buy hundreds of thousands of pumpkins to carve and decorate their homes. According to research however, only about one third of consumers use the innards or whole pumpkin itself as an ingredient. This staggering fact reveals a ghostly truth behind the pumpkin business, over two thirds of pumpkins purchased for Halloween are discarded as food waste. But fret not! There are a multitude of ways you can use your pumpkin in the kitchen and avoid adding to the ever growing food waste problem.

Pumpkin carving may have originated from the practice of carving faces into vegetables such as turnips. This practice was common during the Gaelic celebration of Samhain. The carved vegetables were placed outside as lanterns with flames inside to illuminate the night when spirits roamed free. These days a carved pumpkin is the pinnacle mascot of Halloween. Pumpkins are part of the Cucurbitaceae family which includes fruits such as squashes, cucumbers and gourds as well as melons. These fruits are used widely in kitchens around the world and so it is no surprise that the pumpkin lends itself as a great autumn ingredient. Inside the pumpkin you will find a stringy mass of innards and many small seeds. Most people see these ‘pumpkin guts’ and immediately grab the spoon to scoop them out and toss them in the bin, however these innards can be used in a multitude of ways. The stringy mass can be kept in the freezer and used as an ingredient in a vegetable stock or even puréed and used in baked goods. The seeds are another source of inspiration, as they can be removed from the innards, washed, dried and then placed on a tray. From here you can let your imagination run wild! Adding some olive oil, salt and pepper before roasting in a 160 degree oven for 30 minutes, rewards you with the perfect Halloween snack. If you prefer sweet treats, try coating the seeds in some melted butter with cinnamon and sugar before baking. When it comes to the pumpkin flesh itself, the applications are endless. The easiest way to approach preparing the flesh is to cut the pumpkin into quarters.

After this you can use a regular vegetable peeler to make easy work of the skin (be sure to compost this if you can!). Once peeled, the flesh can be chopped roughly into cubes. By keeping the pieces a similar size you can ensure the pumpkin will cook evenly. From here you can roast it, fry it, purée it or even freeze it for a later date.

If you know you’re going to be cooking with your pumpkin rather than using it for decoration, there are certain varieties that are more suitable and offer a richer taste. Sugar pumpkins are one such variety. These smaller fruits are slightly sweeter and have a smoother flesh, with less fibres. Other varieties like the ‘Casper’ pumpkin, which has a striking white coloured skin, are also sweeter and are great for baked goods. If you can’t get your hands on pumpkins themselves, many types of winter squash can also fit the bill – think butternut, acorn or delicata squash. No matter which you choose, there are a myriad of recipes out there to get the most out of your pumpkins. I’m going to share a few of my favourites here that you can make over the next few weeks to capture that autumn spirit!

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25 Super Simple Pumpkin Soup

This recipe is based on one of the first dishes I ever cooked. I can still remember the chaos. Halloween 2013, and we had just carved a pumpkin. I had the bright idea to roast off the seeds in the oven. While they were roasting I realised that we had a second unused pumpkin that would be perfect to make soup with. I quickly realised that my 13 year old hands weren’t the best at peeling and chopping a pumpkin, but with some help from my family we made quick work of it. The great thing about this soup is that you can whip it up on a free weekend and have a tasty meal ready to go in the fridge during the week.

Ingredients: Olive oil 2 yellow onions 5 cloves of garlic 1 red chilli 1tsp cumin 1l of vegetable or chicken stock 200ml heavy cream Around 1kg of pumpkin 1 red pepper Method: Preheat your oven to 200°C. Peel and chop the pumpkin into equal sized chunks (around 2cm) and place on a rimmed baking tray. Drizzle 2 tbsp of olive oil onto the pumpkin and season with salt, pepper and 1 tbsp cumin. Bake for 25-30 minutes, or until the pumpkin is fork tender.

FOOD & HEALTH Pumpkin Muffins

If you’re looking for something a bit sweeter this spooky season try out these cinnamon spiced pumpkin muffins!

Ingredients: 200g canned or homemade pumpkin purée (see below) 250g plain flour 2 tsp baking powder 1 tbsp cinnamon 75g white sugar 75g light brown sugar 2 whole eggs 125g unsalted butter For the Pumpkin Purée: Roast evenly sized chunks of peeled pumpkin on a baking sheet at 200 °C until fork tender.

You can also steam the pumpkin if you prefer.

Mash or blend the pumpkin until smooth.

Method: Preheat your oven to 180 °C and line a muffin or cupcake tin with 12 liners.

Mix the flour, baking powder, cinnamon and sugars together in a large bowl.

Add finely minced garlic and chopped red chilli. Fry until fragrant (Around 2 minutes).

Add 125g of unsalted butter to a small saucepan and heat on medium until melted. Continue to heat the butter while stirring constantly. The butter will start to foam and the milk solids will slowly brown. Pull the butter off the heat once its sufficiently darkened. This ‘brown butter’ adds an irresistibly nutty flavour to the muffins.

Add 1 litre of vegetable or chicken stock to the pot and bring to a low simmer.

Whisk together the pumpkin purée, eggs and cooled brown butter.

When the pumpkin is cooked add it to the simmering stock.

Use an immersion blender to blitz the mixture smooth.

Add the wet ingredients to the dry, carefully folding through until there are no remaining dry spots.

Add 200 ml of heavy cream and stir through.

Add the batter to the liners and bake for about 15 minutes or until golden brown and slightly risen.

In a large pot add finely chopped onion and red pepper to 1tbsp shimmering olive oil. Cook for 5 minutes.

Season to taste with more salt and pepper.

Top with toasted pumpkin seeds and an extra swirl of cream.

As mentioned above, you can swap out the pumpkin in this recipe for any variety of winter squash. If you can’t finish all your delicious soup in 3-4 days, you can freeze the rest for a quick autumn hit whenever you need it! You can also make this recipe vegan by using vegetable stock and subbing in coconut milk in place of the heavy cream.

Allow to cool completely before serving.

They will keep for up to 3 days in an airtight container. These muffins are best eaten under a blanket with a cup of tea and a spooky movie playing in the background!

I hope that whatever you get up to this Halloween, you’ll find a moment to relax and make some seriously good food using fresh autumn ingredients. As always if you make any of the recipes featured in the Express, we would love to see them! You can post a picture on Instagram or Twitter with the hashtag #ExpressCooks.

MUSIC

26 Rebel City Blues - Cork Jazz Festival FLORRIE MCCARTHY Music Editor

Well, it’s that time of year again. The murmurs and whispers that started about a month ago, at the first mention of “October 22nd”, started getting louder, to the point that the tension cracked throughout the cobblestones; you could practically feel the music quivering in the walls, the streets, and even down the river. The haughty ride cymbals flopping lazily, right back in the pocket, in the cracks of the streets, getting saucier, sizzling more; the jittery, entrancing bass lines twanging all sultry-like from the deep, mature uprights tucked away in the corners of upstairs pub stages started to turn cheekier, funkier, more aggressive; the effervescent, dreamlike chords from the glossy, black grand piano in the hotel lounge became ever so subtly busier, the gentlest touch of blues being injected in every next bar; the tinny, whining melancholy of the trumpeter playing his sorrows away under the streetlight in the rain were gathering tempo, with flourishes of ornamentation and more and more swing as he made his way through the verses, the hot breath of the low, satin moans of the saxophone climbed up into the dazzling, wailing starscapes with raging squeaks and runs and the hollow-bodied guitar chugged along with its own chords helping the drummer keep everyone in time as you hear the first brush scrape against the snare and suddenly the band is in full swing and...

past year. While the excitement has been building to relax the pressure in terms of vaccine passports etc., unfortunately the rising case numbers have been looming over our hopeful D-Day and we find ourselves in mystery once again. At the time of writing the Cabinet were holding meetings to decide how the whole thing plays out. It was very difficult to know right now how Friday would look, but regardless of whether we got to frolic mask-less in and out of pubs or we stick with the awkward herding we’ve become so used to, we knew that in some shape or form, there would be music.

Now, you wouldn’t think so, but exactly what kind of music is the next question. ‘Jazz, surely?’, I hear you ask. Indeed, the Cork Jazz Festival has seen its fair share of real-deal legends and . Anyone who knows any of the big names from the history books of jazz will surely be blown away, as I was, to hear of the legends that Cork has had the pleasure of hosting - they include Ella Fitzgerald, Oscar Peterson, Herbie Hancock and Wynton Marsalis, among others.

The stardom that has graced our stages over the years truly is truly amazing. However, as one can imagine, the lack of appreciation for jazz in popular culture that there once was, has, over the years, brought about a widening of the scope of what can be pulled That’s right, reader: it’s the weekend of Cork Jazz Festival. It’s off as ‘jazz’ as well as more and more non-jazz acts generally. the week we’ve all been waiting for, where the people will flood the streets for the music and the pubs for the pints, getting I have to say that personally I absolutely adore jazz and many of lost in the rhythm and vibes alike, letting their worries aside for the countless sub-genres that spring from its general cultural space a while to swing and be swung. The festival is a classic part of and I wish there was a wider appreciation for it. In an ideal world I music culture in Cork city, having been around since 1978, when would be a satisfied purist with a festival this size of all jazz music on the first festival was held on the 27th of October. Musicians my doorstep. However, when the masses have different intentions from up and down the country and indeed from far and wide and want to experience music they can comfortably get behind, a outside the country come to entertain the masses of Corkonians. mixed bag with a consistent background theme of jazz is what we Of course, this Jazz weekend was a special one - it’s not get. While some may see this as contamination, if anything giving just the music and the pints we’ve all been waiting on for those who are not inclined to jazz a reason to come out and get so long. Not only was this going to be Ireland’s first proper immersed in it and exposed to it by spreading all the music all over music festival in eighteen months, but for the past month Cork city is a nice knock-on effect of the slackening of the rules. All it’s been thought we would see a generous portion of the that said, some of the names we were thrilled to see these musicians restrictions lifted that have been a damper on our lives for the playing in Cork this weekend - let’s take a look at some of the acts.

MUSIC

27 James Vincent McMorrow

James Vincent McMorrow is an Irish-born singer/songwriter from Dublin whose real genre is difficult to define.

“Indie” is a nice, general catch-all, but this is too wide to define the magic McMorrow captures in his music. His style jumps from murky, ominous tracks like Gone to the fun-filled energy on Me and My Friends. With a dynamic songwriting style that incorporates extremely detailed, fascinating, entertaining production and his gentle, airy, somewhat coarse vocals, James is definitely one of the most interesting talents to come out of Ireland recently, and one to keep an eye on. His show will took place in the Everyman theatre on Sunday, the 24th of October.

Hypnotic Brass Ensemble

Perhaps the jazziest act being brought to the festival by the Guinness team, Hypnotic Brass are one of the early pioneers of an ever-growing number of small brass ensembles at the moment. Sometimes known as brasshouse bands, combos featuring trumpets, trombones, a tuba/sousaphone with one or two different types of saxophones are becoming more popular. Hypnotic Brass, however, have been at this kind of thing for quite a while. An 8-piece band, excluding the drummer, they are all sons of famous Chicago trumpeter Phil Cohran! Learning from a young age, the lads would all practice in the living room and put on shows for friends. After putting down their instruments for a bit in high school they found inspiration to pick them back up afterwards and started playing for the masses in subway stations, as your average New York brass combo does. The band played in St. Luke’s former Church on Sunday the 24th October.

Paul Dunlea + Cormac McCarthy While this act might not draw as much worldwide acclaim as the other two, I couldn’t finish the article without having something that showed off the strength of jazz that is native to Cork. Paul Dunlea and his big band are part of the furniture in terms of music in the city. An unbelievably accomplished and competent musician, Paul and his show-stopping act are actually patrons of Crane Lane, a bar that has often posed as a jazz club in the past off Oliver Plunkett Street. They bring real, sensational bigband jazz, with the screaming, bluesy classics you know and love, to Cork and with the utmost sense of musicianship. Cormac McCarthy has no shortage of accomplishments of his own. He has played the part of lecturer and bandleader in the prestigious Cork School of Music, as well as playing piano on records for some of the biggest names in Irish music, not to mention the RTÉ Symphony Orchestra. Compositions that Cormac have written have been played by jazz icons like Phil Woods and Jeff Hamilton, for those in the know.Coming straight from the heart, from home, there is no way that this show could have been anything but phenomenal, in the Triskel Arts Centre on Friday the 22nd at 8p.m. All the creative writing courses in the world could not help this writer describe how sorry they were to be working that day. But, for those of us ready to hit the town and swing into the night, there was plenty in store.

Head over to www.guinnessjazzfestival.com to look back on the full programme, and however it happened we hope you enjoyed the weekend. You deserve it.

GAMING

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Spook-Tastic Horror Games CHLOE BARRETT Gaming Editor Halloween is the season where people long to be scared beneath the falling autumn leaves. It is also the time of year where you can be anyone and ask for sweets. Is there honestly anything better? Maybe some awesome horror games might make the night even spookier.

Whether you are an avid horror fan with prior experience, or you just want to give some games a try, hopefully there will be something here for you. Be aware, there will be jump scares aplenty. It is the spookiest season, after all.

Let’s start off with a few well-known classics that will be familiar to many. First off, we have none other than Five Nights at Freddy’s. Scott Cawthon had everyone playing his game, so much that there were nine games in total so far.

You are a security guard tasked with watching the cameras in Freddy Fazbear’s Pizza, a ‘safe’ kids restaurant that is filled with animatronics. You must survive five nights, as the title suggests, without getting caught by these scary creatures.

If they manage to grab ahold of you, then you are screwed.

Your body will live on inside a mascot costume, yippee!

Doki Doki Literature Club! is a unique entry to the horror gaming world. Set in a Japanese high school, this psychological experience will truly set you on edge. It starts off innocent, but the player soon realises that everything and everyone is not what they seem. There are multiple endings and lots of secrets, so it does have plenty of replay value. Developed by Team Salvato, this free to play game will twist your mind in many ways. Have fun!

Very few are a stranger to the Resident Evil universe.

Created by Capcom, the series has spanned for many years, resulting in dozens of games being created. There are still regular releases, as well as the older games being remade for new and older players alike. Essentially, there are zombies. A lot of them. Due to the t-Virus, Raccoon City is overrun with undead creatures that want nothing more than to make a feast out of you. With fearsome bosses lurking throughout the game, there is not a moment to relax. My favourite instalment personally was Resident Evil 7: Biohazard, but they are all pretty solid games.

Can Your Pet is an older game that still holds up well today, providing you do not know much about it. You are given a pet chick and have the task of looking after it, which includes feeding it, dressing them up and playing fun games.

However, the ending is one to witness for yourself. It is only a short game, but an attachment can certainly form between you and your new pet. Developer GameAde made sure of it.

Be aware, there will be jump scares aplenty.

GAMING

29 please remember to buckle in and hold on tight.

Little Nightmares, developed by Tarsier Studios and Engine Software is a puzzle-platform game that takes a new approach to the horror genre. It revolves around Six, a girl who has the objective of escaping the horrifying monsters in her extremely immersive world. The game is also highly acclaimed for many aspects, such as graphics and sound. If your wish is to get lost in a game this season, grab your yellow raincoat and have bravery stored up.

If you crave something more of an indie style, Granny, developed by Dennis Vukanvoic, will tick all of your boxes.

If you ever had dreams of being chased by a creepy, elderly relative, this is for you. She may lock you within her home and chase you aggressively if you attempt to move around, but that is all out of love, right? Well, you can see for yourself.

Keiichiro Toyama had a stroke of brilliance when Silent Hill was created (and the sequels). While it may seem like the ideal vacation spot, I can assure you, it is not. Follow Harry Mason as he explores the terrifying town in search of his missing daughter, desperate to get her back. There are a few other instalments in the series, all set in the delightful location of Silent Hill. Make sure you come home safely, though.

For a multiplayer game that you and your friends can equally get spooked at, look no further than Phasmophobia.

Developed by Kinetic Games, you are able to team up with three friends and visit haunted locations, having strange encounters with ghosts and other creatures. With plenty of jump scares and creative gameplay, you will keep going back for more. If you wish to brave it alone, that is totally an option too, but don’t say you weren’t warned.

To immerse yourself in a first-person survival game is a daring task. So, why not play two? A sequel, perhaps, if you fancy. The first game is set in an abandoned psychiatric hospital occupied with some interesting patients, while the

second consists of the same characters tragically enduring a helicopter crash and getting separated. There are cults, lots of spooks and awesome storylines. Thanks to Red Barrels, the Outlast series makes a truly awesome Halloween experience.

Space itself is quite a scary concept to think about. As you leave your familiar earth behind, along with any control you may have to float amongst the stars, you probably have enough worries in your mind without adding monsters to the mix. With a new remake coming soon, Dead Space captures the vulnerability of being out of this world and afraid for your life. Glen Schofield and Michael Condrey successfully created a very intense game, so please remember to buckle in and hold on tight.

For those of you out there, and I know you are, there are plenty of alternatives if you do not like the horrific scares jumping out at you. I too have hidden in the comment section while watching playthroughs of horror games, searching for the jump scare list that a brave internet person has typed out (what a sacrifice).

Seasonal events that also bring you the spirit of Halloween are just as much fun, but with a bit less spook. A few that may tickle your fancy are Luigi’s Mansion if you would like some ghosts, but cute, Nintendo styled ones. Night in the Woods (Infinite Fall) has great animal characters plus an awesome plot, while still holding a slightly creepy atmosphere. Hello Neighbour (Dynamic Pixels) is filled with jump-scares, but not necessarily scary, gory ones. The art style is fun, which you will notice as your strange neighbour chases you around with sinister intent. I think he and Granny would make a great pair.

Happy Halloween, gamers!

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Sexuality and DisabilITY EMILY OSBORN Sexpress Editor Sex and sexuality are both a major parts and basic needs of human life. However, regardless of the importance of this part of life, people with disability are often still disregarded from conversations surrounding sex. It might shock a lot of you to find out that up until 2017 in Ireland, it was illegal for a person with intellectual disability to have sex before marriage. The idea behind this law was that a person with intellectual disability could not possibly have the ‘capacity’ to consent to a sexual relationship, and therefore the courts ruled out any kind of sexual activity for those living with ID. Despite this, many people with both physical and intellectual disabilities across the world live regular and fulfilling lives, and to assume that they do not have the ‘capacity’ to make decisions for themselves regarding their romantic relationships because of their disability is not just insulting, but wrong in the first instance. More so than anything however, this law shone a light on Ireland’s subpar sex education system, with majority of special educational needs schools opting out of teaching sex education to their students a s part of the curriculum. Similarly, sex education in Ireland where it is taught, does not include how disability can affect sex. How can people with disability learn about sex if the opportunity is never given to them?

This can have many effects on the sexuality and sexual expression of people with disabilities, making sex often seem out of the question for these people.

Sexuality is a term that doesn’t just mean sexual attraction or having a sex life. Sexuality includes self-confidence, gender, relationships, and body image. It’s also no secret that in the media, people with disabilities (both physical and intellectual) are rarely ever portrayed in an attractive light, with the majority of disabled characters in media being the butt of the joke, or a token character to show how diverse the media you’re watching is. This undoubtedly has a major impact on

the body image of people with disabilities. Many young people with disabilities have grown up without having seen themselves portrayed in media, without having seen people like them forming relationships, dating, or being portrayed in a remotely attractive manner. In fact, most people with disability are often infantilised in society and in media, and people treat the idea of them forming relationships and having sex lives as ‘morally wrong’ in some regard.

Sexuality is a major part of life, and people with disabilities should not be excluded from this. People with a disability have the same basic need to love, sex, and relationships as everyone else.

Society has so many misconceptions about what it means to have sex as a disabled person. Some non-disabled people may think that disabled people only date other disabled people, and many others may think that disabled people don’t value sex or have one-night stands. Similarly, many able-bodied people wrongly assume that a person with disability can’t have ‘real sex’, and that people with disabilities don’t feel sexual desire. Disability may make having sex difficult for many reasons, but just because a little bit more preparation and care may have to go into planning a night between the sheets, doesn’t mean that it is any less normal than sex is for able-bodied people. Having sex can be very physically taxing for someone with chronic illness or disability, and there may be extra steps involved to make sure that everything is going right and is enjoyable for all parties. Sex can cause pain and fatigue for many with chronic illness, and this may lead to issues such as loss of sex drive and anxiety about sex. Disability can cause body image issues for many, and this may cause a lack of confidence in the bedroom, leading to performance anxiety during sex.

People with disabilities may feel concerned that their partner won’t find them attractive because of their disability and may be concerned about what outside parties may think of their relationship. This is another symptom of the unfortunate and infantilised portrayal of disabled people in society and in media,

SEXPRESS

31 as people with disability may feel that in order to be attractive, they must also be able-bodied. This, however, is far from the truth. As with all sex, communication and comfort are key to having fulfilled sexual relationships as a person with disability. Creativity and experimentation may also play a larger part in planning these sexual exploits, in order to find out what best works for each specific couple and their varying needs. People with disabilities who live in care homes or group home settings often are not afforded the freedom to date freely without the presence of a chaperone. Similarly, people who live in these settings are often living in the presence of several others, as well as carers and workers who arrive at their place of residence intermittently. Sometimes, people may even have to share a bedroom with other people.

Privacy is often seen as a luxury in these places, making romance and sexual activity incredibly difficult to plan around. Homes and institutions such as these are often separated according to gender, which further inhibits disabled people living in these areas from finding romance.

are also more vulnerable to relationships that are exploitative, disempowering, and overall bad. One 1996 study even found that people with disability are more susceptible to having unplanned pregnancies or developing STIs, which was attributed to a low level of education on sexual health. Disabled people, like anyone else, deserve a right to sex education that empowers them, teaches them, and ensures that they stay safe in relationships.

However, in addition to people feeling unprepared to offer education and advice on sex to people with disabilities, disabled people themselves often feel just as awkward asking for this advice. Some people with disability may require help from a caregiver or attendant in order to get into a position where they can have sex with their partner.

The thoughts of this, for many, is an instant mood killer.

Sex, for many people, is a very intimate thing which they would rather not involve other people in. It is important as a result that caregivers and professionals are also given comprehensive education on the kind of needs their patients may have regarding their sexuality and sex lives.

Masturbation can also prove difficult for disabled people, with some disabled people finding it difficult to position themselves in a way that is comfortable for them. Disability activist and podcast host Andrew Gurza found this was their exact issue, and founded Handi, a sex toy company that caters specifically for the needs of people with disabilities. Many mainstream stores offer sex toys and lingerie specifically for a non-disabled demographic, further excluding people with disabilities from another aspect of sex. They also created a book, called The Handi Book of Love, Lust, and Disability, containing stories from disabled people around the world about their sex lives, with a focus on education people on what is like to be a sexual disabled person. In their own words, this book allows disabled people to be included in conversations about sex, but also allows non-disabled people to realise that their one-dimensional view of sex is not the only narrative out there. Andrew also created the #disabledpeoplearehot on twitter, a space for people with disabilities to express themselves and their sexuality in a way that is non-taboo. It is so refreshing to see a part of social media which serves to empower disabled people and their sexuality, rather than repress it.

The Irish law forbidding people with intellectual disability from having sex was repealed in 2017, after much controversy. However, this is only the start of reclaiming the rights of people with disability to have the same freedom of sex and sexuality as the able-bodied population.

While people are still campaigning for comprehensive sex education including people with disabilities to be taught in schools, there are many aspects of disabled sexuality that are still yet to rise to cultural consciousness.

However, romance, sex, and sexuality are all things that are so fundamentally human, and eventually with the right education and resources, disabled people will be afforded the same right to express their sexuality and live their sex lives whatever way they wish.

Disability and sexuality, and the sex lives of people with disabilities, is a topic that remains taboo in modern society. This causes parents, teachers and healthcare workers to often feel uncomfortable at the prospect of teaching the birds and the bees to someone with a disability.

This lack of sex education has many knock-on effects for the sex lives disabled people. Aside from causing people with disability to often be unsure of how their disability will affect them having sex, and causing needly anxiety in the bedroom, people with disability

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FASHION

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On cosplay

CLAIRE WATSON Fashion Editor If it exists, it’s been cosplayed. From the most popular characters to the most obscure of props, someone at some point has cosplayed it. It’s officially spooky season! There are three times of year where you are expected to cosplay: 1. Our beloved Kaizoku Con 2. The classic Comic Con 3. Halloween.

Though, cosplay doesn’t require a special date, and for many people it serves as a full time hobby and even job! At my first comic con I dressed as Chara from Undertale, posed with Dat Boi, and was hugged by Chewbacca, cosplay can truly be a unique experience.

Genuinely, cosplay fascinates me. The devotion cosplayers have to their art is amazing, which is why I think we can all draw some inspiration from them, even if we’re not cosplaying ourselves. For the past year or so I’ve been on the cosplay side of tiktok. While I don’t post, I have front row seats to the greatest fashion designers of our generation.

Constantly, I am enamoured by these artists’ innovations.

What sparked this article has been the recent trend of paper wigs. With most cosplayers working out of their bedrooms, they’re equipped for thinking outside of the box and skirting around paywalls. Paper wigs are an example of such. Wigs can be a crucial part of cosplay, but unfortunately are incredibly expensive. Paper is flexible, comes in a wide variety of colours, and is cheap.

Cosplayers put their all into their costumes. They are artists, fashion designers, costume makers, and innovators. While some can make a career out of their craft, for many it is a vocation. And so, these artists work on a tight budget to make the most gorgeous, and wearable, pieces of art in the modern age. The term cosplay was coined by Nobuyuki Takashi in the 1984 LA World con. He reported it in ‘My Anime’ as Kospure, which translates to, you guessed it, Cosplay. ‘Cos’ meaning costume, and ‘play’ referring to the roleplay element wherein cosplayers will don the persona of their chosen character.

Lately, the more I look at drag artists and cosplayers,

the more I realise that half of fashionis performance. Even when we are dressing true to ourselves, I think our clothes help us don a bit of a persona. If I dress a bit more dark academia, I find I unlock this witty side of me I didn’t know I had. As ‘play’ is an important part of cosplay, expression is a major part of fashion. Dressing as characters we relate to, or simply love, can invigorate us.

It makes us happy, to look and act like our role models for a brief period of time. Another part of cosplay that we can tie into our daily outfits, is it’s gender fluidity. Cosplayers don’t let the gender of their chosen character limit their options, women are dressed as Joker and men are dressed as Harley. Personally, for those of us who are inbetween, cosplay is like a dream come true, with every character is up for grabs.

Sometimes people may alter the gender of their character, for example, creating a female Luke Skywalker to dress as, sometimes people don’t. Fluidity in gender expression is a beloved aspect of cosplay, and there are countless resources online helping people to do it safely and effectively. Drag artists and trans individuals lend their wisdom to cosplayers, here. Corsets, binding, packing, padding, tucking, taping- you name it.

Perhaps my favourite part of cosplay, (and fan art in general) is when people reimagine characters. I often see this with Disney Princesses, where people redesign their look to make them more historically accurate. Also, there were of course the infamous indie, and punk Disney edits, we all shared in 2012.

The devotion cosplayers have to their art is amazing

33 This reimagining is very common in fandom spaces, and they’re usually referred to as ‘aus’ or ‘alternative universes’.

Another common one is reimagining fantasy or sci-fi characters as everyday people. These reinterpretations allow creators to let their imaginations run wild, designing and crafting new, one-of-a-kind pieces to wear. Artists are then often faced with another challenge, the actualisation of fictional characters. Whether this is deciding on how to represent book or podcast characters that have no visual descriptions, or making something impossible, possible.

FASHION part of cosplay is how accessible it can be. Artists are skilled at incorporating wheelchairs, canes, and/or crutches into their character’s designs. Whether that’s turning a wheelchair into a tank or mech, or styling it to fit in with the character’s design, cosplayers know no bounds, and are ready to tackle any hurdle they come across.

The community is unbelievably talented, and I believe cosplay can inspire our own outfits. Whether that’s subtly dressing like our favourites, or incorporating cosplayer’s make up techniques, or encouraging us to break boundaries in our expression, we can all appreciate the community and this art form, in our daily lives.

The community is unbelievably talented, and I believe cosplay can inspire our own outfits.

I haven’t even begun to talk about make-up! Anime eyes are a constant hurdle. The general technique of doing anime eyes in real life is underlining the eye with white eyeliner, to enlarge the eyeball and create a new, lower waterline using black eyeliner.

False lashes combined with winged eyeliner help recreate those anime eyelashes. This technique has inspired my own eyeliner style, and I think it lends itself well to the e-girl look. One technique I’ve seen often, especially with characters that have unnatural eye colours, is applying the character’s eye-colour in eyeshadow to the inner tear duct. It’s not supposed to act as a false iris, rather it simply nods to the character’s original design.

The art truly promotes creativity, and I think we can take a lesson from this community in our everyday dress. Finally, my favourite

arts & literature

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CREATIVE BLOCK IS A BITCH Cian Pierce Arts & Literature Editor

We’ve all been there: you’ve sat down to do your assignment, write an essay, start painting a piece, etc. but you can’t find it in you to just start. Creative block is a bitch, but to give it a proper definition, creative block can be described as an “inability to access one’s internal creativity” and it can affect any creative or academic endeavour and can last for days, weeks or even months.

But what causes creative blocks? There exists a myriad of factors that contribute to a person feeling stuck. Being a perfectionist is the biggest cause of creative blocks, we want our work to be perfect on the first draft and the possibility that it may not can make people freeze in fear. The best advice I ever received for this was “Take your first idea and discard it”, nothing is going to be perfect on the first draft, stop pressuring yourself. Students reported that another reason they felt stuck when facing tasks was that they either had too many or too few ideas, not being able to make heads or tails of your ideas can leave you dead on arrival. The next biggest cause of a block is the inability to time things properly, more than half

of all students have rushed a project because they left it. too late or planned and then completely forgot about it until the very last night, and I don’t think I need to remind anyone that pulling all-nighters is a horrible idea in the long run So, what is to be done about creative blocks? Most of the advice on what to do is usually written by authors relating to author’s block but the concepts and practices can be applied to any creative discipline. The most recurring piece of advice is always ‘Stop procrastinating!’, it doesn’t have to be perfect!

Force yourself to be creative if you must because the longer you leave it, the harder it will be to get into a creative. flow, if you can, develop a routine that works for you where you give yourself an hour or two a day just to be creative. Consuming media relating to your project is also a great idea that will reignite your passion; read a book, watch a movie or documentary, go for a stroll through an art gallery, etc A major help when undertaking creative projects is mapping out what you want to do whenever you’re stuck, as the author Rick Riordan said “just having a road map that shows the beginning, middle and end is hugely helpful”. Being physically active has been proven to be of great benefit, if you are able to it is a good idea to do something to get your blood flowing, like some light exercise or a walk. Being too self-critical is also a major pitfall for students, academia puts a lot of pressure on students to constantly be giving 100% of their abilities to any given project but this is extremely unrealistic.

Know your limits and don’t overwork yourself or you will burn out and end up causing more creative blocks for yourself.

It is also important to remember that there are always supports available for students, both on and off campus. Your peers are your greatest help, if you feel stuck the odds are someone else feels the same so you will be able to help each other out; and if all else fails, students can try to ask their professors/ lecturers for advice. Another practical aide to students are apps to help with concentration, the application most students recommend is called ‘Forest’. Available on IOS and Android, ‘Forest’ helps you stay focused and off your phone by planting little digital trees to make up a forest and because humans will pack-bond with literally anything it is a super effective tool!

This issue I would like to give a shoutout to UCC’s Gothic Book Club! They are an extremely underrated book club open to undergrads, postgrads and staff who are interested in gothic literature. Contrary to the common misconception, you don’t have to be an English student to join, so long as you love spooky stories you’ll fit right in! The group is currently co-organised by Dr. Miranda Corcoran, Dr. Anne Mahler and Cian Egan, and the environment they create is accepting, enthusiastic and extremely pleasant to be a part of.

35 arts & literature RE-VAMPING THE CLASSICS Cian Pierce Arts & Literature Editor

The Classics are back with a vengeance. The study of the ancient world, it’s cultures and histories seemed to be doomed to die a slow and silent death but recently there has been a Vesuvius-sized explosion of translations, adaptations and re-imaginings of the ancient works. For lovers of ancient literature, it has been a true gift, a chance to revisit the thrilling adventures, beautiful poetry and unflinching psychological insights the ancient stories offer us.

The ancient Classics have enjoyed a boom in popularity over the past few years, one of the biggest factors for this has been their revamping in how they tell their stories. Where before it was the case that the same stories would just be rewritten for audiences that were expected to already have a background understanding of the ancient world, newer media has treated ancient stories not so much as set canon but as a well to pull from for inspiration (for example, Norse mythology’s influence on the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien and the videogame franchise Skyrim) or have completely reimagined the classics into urban-fantasy settings that are more accessible and enjoyable, the best known authors in this case being Rick Riordan for his series focusing on Greek, Roman and Egyptian mythologies; and Neil Gaiman for his American Gods series. Once the classics were made more accessible for audiences to get into at a young age or revisit later in life. They also became super popular on social media sites like Tumblr and Tiktok specially over lockdown when people were practically begging for new exciting escapism.

Once the demand started increasing for more modern versions of the Classics, authors did not disappoint in bringing new approaches to the ancient literature. New translations that used more accessible and relatable language have become readily available for anyone interested that don’t require years of study to understand (except Cicero, that man remains impossible to get through). My personal recommendation for a fun (and quite unhinged) play is Anne Carson’s translation of Euripides’ ‘Bacchae’, a story about Dionysus, the god of wine, madness and parties, and what he does to a city that refuses to worship him. New re-tellings also have shifted the focus of stories onto female figures previously seen as side-characters and explicitly queer relationships, for an example ofhese re-tellings

I would ‘The Song

recommend of Achilles’,

‘Circe’ and both by Madeline

Miller.

The rise in popularity and accessibility has also resulted in the Classics being approached from newer perspectives. For example, Dr. Emily Wilson, the first woman to translate the Odyssey into English, lays bare some inequalities between characters that other translations omit. She offers not just a new version of the epic poem but a new way of approaching it from the context of gender and modern power relationships. In her translation a lot of small but significant changes affect the story, where in previous translations the line “They made my face the cause that hounded them.” is translated as “shameless whore that I was”, and as “bitch that I was”. The Greek is kunopis, a word meaning dog-face, or dog-eye is rare and previously applied by Euripides to the Furies, terrifying creatures that “hound” murderers. It does not carry, argues Wilson, the overtones of female sexual destructiveness that are often applied to it. Groups have also been formed to study and approach the classics from more modern perspectives, like the group Working Classicists (@WorkingClassicists on Twitter) which seek to represent the working class in Classics.

So, are the Classics still relevant? Aside from providing enjoyment, stories from the Epic of Gilgamesh to the Iliad give readers a glimpse into the past, universal themes and ideas such as tragic love and existential fears and thankfully, right now is the perfect time to get into them as they are the most accessible they have ever been.

You can find the Book Club on Twitter @UCCGoths and on Instagram @uccgoths.

Last week the Club discussed the book Melmoth, by Sarah Perry.

Here are some recommendations from the group for this Halloween season, I hope you enjoy!

The Woman in White, Wilkie Collins (1859) a spooky, multi-layered Victorian mystery novel

We Have Always Lived in the Castle, Shirley Jackson (1962) - a gothic tale with a deceptively charming narrator

House of Leaves, Mark Z. Danielewski (2000) - a terrifying experimental novel about an uncanny home

photography

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FEMINIST SOCIETY VIGIL PHOTOS BY MÉABH LONERGAN

SPORTS

Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

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Preview: Momentum Critical for Farrell in Autumn Series SAM CURTIN Sports Editor

The 38-man Irish squad was named last Wednesday for the upcoming Autumn Internationals with Japan, New Zealand and Argentina. There are a number of interesting takeaways from Andy Farrell’s selection.

Firstly, there was a mix of returning stars and young prospects.

Simon Zebo returns to the fold after a four year absence which was mainly due to playing with Racing Metro in France. There are also two new players featured Ciarán Frawley (utility back) and Dan Sheehan (hooker) from Leinster. Munster’s Thomas Aherne and Jamie Osborne of Leinster also come on board as ‘development players’. Perhaps surprisingly due to their form, scrum half Nathan Doake and Ben Healy are not included in this list despite their form of late. The main absentee is Robbie Henshaw who just got back training with Leinster last week and will be a big loss for Andy Farrell’s side as he was arguably Ireland’s player of the tournament in the Six Nations.

Squad analysis As with any squad, there are plenty of debates which will continue on. There is a blend of younger and experience players here which could indicate that Farrell is gradually trying to bring through more players. 9 players have under 10 caps although how many of them will actually feature in the big games remains to be seen. Judging by recent campaigns, it’s perhaps unlikely as Farrell has tended to go with the tried and trusted in the big games with Sexton at 36, captaining the side. Which leads us to the matches.

The matches As for the games themselves, Japan will likely feature a number of fresh faces who will look to stake their claim for the World Cup in 2023. New Zealand will likely feature the established players while Argentina will be the most

interesting game in this regard. Will Farrell go with the tried and trusted or the young talent or maybe even both? One could argue that Farrell has been relatively conservative in his team selection up until now. His predecessor Joe Schmidt got ambushed on two occasions in World Cups because he did not have enough depth in his squad due to his reluctance to younger, inexperienced players in big games prior to the tournament.

Johnny Sexton will be 38 by the time France 2023 comes around, surely the likes of Joey Carbery, Harry Byrne and Ben Healy will have to play some meaningful games before then?

Style of play Another interesting aspect to look out for is the further development of the playing style. Critics have accused Ireland of not having a clear, coherent game plan, especially in attack.

However, the last game of the Six Nations against showed that Ireland can be lethal with the ball while also mixing it with an effective kicking game, especially with the likes of Andrew Conway and the returning Simon Zebo. The willingness to offload has also become more apparent since the Schmidt era with the players speaking of Farrell wanting to empower them to play how they want and to make the important decisions on the field.

Other hopes for the series While most of us will be looking at the number of players used and the type of rugby they will play, results should not be underestimated. A scalp, particularly against the All Blacks at a packed Aviva Stadium would do wonders for the side and give them plenty of momentum and belief going into the Six Nations.

Although England were beaten in impressive fashion earlier in the year, they were a side clearly out of sorts and Ireland have never struggled to put in one off performances. A respectable showing with intent against New Zealand along with victories in the other two games with further new players and game development will suffice, however. As the previous nine World Cups have shown, there are more important games ahead.

In terms of a prediction, Ireland should win two out of three while they will be fresh going in against New Zealand who are just off a long Rugby Championship campaign. This series feels different to past ones however as Ireland look to avoid the same mistakes as previous generations and try to avoid the short term thinking in another World Cup cycle.

Overall, these three tests are crucial for the development of the squad, with the World Cup in France just under two years away where a maiden semi-final has to be the goal. The clock is ticking on decision time on who will feature and who may be cut adrift.

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SPORTS

Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

Stadiums Returning to Full Capacity is the Boost Irish Sport Needs SAM CURTIN Sports Editor

Stadiums have been given permission to operate at full capacity since last Friday as the latest easing of restrictions occurred.

The news comes as a major boost and the injection of life that all sports in the country need in what is a crucial couple of months ahead on and off the pitch. It also provides fans with a massive psychological lift as for many, going to games is not only their weekly highlight, but a way of life.

Soccer One sport that certainly needs fans on seats is soccer with both domestic and international hitting its climax next month. The League of Ireland has always toed a fine line between stable and financial ruin with all clubs relying on gate receipts to survive. For the past couple of months, stadiums have been operating at 50% capacity which would be no more than 2,500 for most clubs. The latest news means that clubs can now prepare plans for next season knowing that their main form of income is guaranteed, and that players/ staff can be paid.

As for the national team, every game for Stephen Kenny has been a referendum on his suitability, until now. September marked the first time, the Boys in Green were able to play in front of fans, 25,000 of them at that but the atmosphere made it feel like 50,000 which arguable signalled a vote of confidence from supporters. In the latest game against Qatar, tickets sold out within minutes which is unheard of for a friendly against second tier opposition. With that in mind, the game against Portugal next month in front of 50,000 fans could be a special night for Kenny and an occasion to remember.

As for the women’s team, their profile is at an all time high.

Vera Pauw’s side will get the opportunity to play in front of a full house at Tallaght against perennial contenders Sweden in the first game of the World Cup qualifiers. If they can produce their own piece of magic in front of 7,000+ fans then the profile of the team could sky rocket and inspire more young girls to take up the sport around the country.

Rugby One could argue that rugby is the sport in most need of a return to full stadiums. Last year, outgoing IRFU CEO Philip Browne, said that the existence of professional rugby in Ireland could be in jeopardy if crowds were kept away. Thankfully, this has not come to pass, and the coffers should be filled handsomely with three tests against Argentina, Japan, and the big draw of the All Blacks coming to Dublin next month. Combine this with full houses through the four provinces and suddenly things aren’t so bleak.

While both soccer and rugby may reap the most reward due to the immediate fixtures taking place, all outdoor sports will receive a much-needed boost. One major sporting event which is due to be held in Dublin is the European Cross-Country Championships which take place on the 12th of December. The latest easing of restrictions will provide a huge boost to the profile of the events with tens of thousands of fans now being able to attend the event and watch the biggest stars in European athletics compete.

Another major sporting event taking place on November 4th will see a huge boost as Bellator in the Three Arena appears to have been given the green light to go ahead. The MMA event will be held indoors with no fixed capacity although the existing safety measures will still apply. This is one of the biggest nights ever in Irish MMA with two no.1 contender fights involving Irish fighters take place. The national basketball leagues have also just gotten up and running and so full houses will be welcome to a sport which has been one of the worst affected by the pandemic. Basketball is the fastest growing sport in the country and while the momentum may have stalled temporarily, it promises to be an exciting season of action.

Overall, a full return of crowds should hopefully lead to a healthy looking 2022 and beyond as the recovery out of the pandemic begins to happen. Above all else what should happen is, a remind of how important sporting occasions are in Irish society and I for one, cannot wait for my first day out at Turners Cross, Pairc Uí Chaoimh and so on.

Issue 4 | TUESDAY 26TH OCTOBER 2021 | University Express

SPORTS

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Controversy Over Human Cost Of 2022 Formula 1 Calendar ATAKAN UZUN Student Contributor

we are a group of people and human beings travelling around the world’. These thoughts were shared by former team-mate and current McLaren driver, Daniel Ricciardo, who elaborated further by saying, ‘[we’re] away from families for long periods of time, especially the triple headers, so you need to kind of rely on your teammates to help you out if you’re a little a little down or missing home or whatever it is’. Thus, there is a broad consensus amongst the drivers about the imposed human cost that this approved F1 calendar will have on the 10 teams. However, these thoughts by the various drivers were not shared by the team principal of Alpha Tauri, Franz Tost. He said ‘I think we all should be happy that we are in a position to be in Formula 1 and to have 23 races. And if someone doesn’t like it then he should go home’.

Controversy has emerged over the so-called human cost of the proposed 2022 Formula 1 calendar, which was passed unanimously by the FIA’s World Motor Sport Council on Friday, the 14th of October. This calendar consists of a record-breaking 23 races in a single season, on 6 different continents. According to a statement by F1, ‘the 2022 season follows an unprecedented two years for Formula 1 in which the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a revised calendar of 17 races in 2020 and 22 races in 2021 – a huge achievement given the international nature of the sport’.

According to the Formula 1 website, ‘the season will begin in Bahrain on 20 March and finish in Abu Dhabi on 20 November, one month before Christmas – with Miami hosting the first of two races in the United States’. The Jeddah circuit in Saudi Arabia will host the second race of the season. Meanwhile, after the race was cancelled in 2020 and 2021, respectively, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the revised Albert Park circuit in Melbourne, Australia, will be back on the calendar in 2022. The Shanghai International circuit in China will not return to the calendar, having last held a race, which was F1’s 1000th race in April 2019.

The prestigious Imola circuit will replace it to hold the Emila Romagna grand prix in April next year. The Miami circuit is set to become the newest addition to the F1 calendar, which will hold a race in May. Following on from that, the Spanish and Monaco rounds retain their place on the F1 calendar, while the Montreal circuit in Canada makes a return after it last hosted a race in June 2019. The exhilarating Singapore and classic Suzuka circuit in Japan are also due to make an appearance in October next year after both were unable to hold a race in the last 2 seasons. Apart from these additions and returns to the calendar, the F1 calendar remains unchanged. However, a widespread consensus and debate have emerged about the excessive number of races that will appear on the F1 calendar in 2022. According to Motorsport.com, four-time F1 world champion and Aston Martin driver, Sebastian Vettel, ‘we mustn’t neglect that

In summary, the widespread thoughts of the F1 drivers and staff across all the different teams must be given further consideration.

While fans around the world enjoy and long for more races to be added to the F1 calendar, there is a lack of discussion about the extra burden that will be imposed upon the staff that are either required to spend more time, travelling to races, overseas, or work extra and long hours at the respective factories of each F1 team. This may have consequences for the smaller teams, notably the Haas and Williams F1 teams, which have much lesser resources, compared to the elite and bigger manufacturers, such as Mercedes and Ferrari, who will be able to afford to have 50% of their staff, trackside, and 50% of their staff back at their respective factories of Brackley and Maranello. Crucially, it also means these staffs have less time to spend with their families and relaxation time to recharge their batteries, between races.

One cannot forget the environmental impacts of more races on the F1 calendar. Inevitably, more races will lead to the production of more carbon emissions, through more flights to get to these races, and the pollution created by the F1 engines. While F1 has been striving to become more carbon-efficient, it still has a long way to go to become a global motorsport leader, in being carbon neutral.

Alternatively, F1 should be aiming to hold around 15 races and reduce its calendar, to save costs for the smaller teams and give staff, more respite between races. Indeed, what is extremely concerning about the 2022 F1 calendar, is the continuation of tripleheader races, in the aftermath of the summer break. On the 28th of August, the Belgian Grand Prix will be held. In the subsequent week, the Italian Grand Prix in Monza will take place, while the Dutch Grand Prix in Zandvoort will be held. This continues a trend of these triple-header races that were held in the 2021 F1 seasons.

As suggested by veteran F1 racer, Sebastian Vettel, consecutive races should be held on similar continents in countries with close proximities to each other to offset the production of carbon emissions and greenhouse gas emissions. If F1 wants to preserve the mental health of the staff across all the teams, and the future sustainability of the smaller independent teams, then it must make steps to reduce the excessive number of races that are on the calendar. It cannot continue a push for further races for the sake of further profit, above the needs of staff and drivers across the dynamic F1 paddock.

University

Volume 25 | Issue 4| Tuesday 26th October 2021

Sports

UCCExpress.ie

Henry Shefflin Announced as new Galway Boss SAM CURTIN Sports Editor

One of the most unexpected appointments in GAA has been made the past week. 10-time All-Ireland medal winner Henry Shefflin has been named the new Galway hurling manager on a three term with a review after the second.

The Ballyhale man came out of nowhere to get the job which was previously rumoured to be going to ex Wexford boss Davy Fitzgerald. When and how Shefflin came into contention still remains a mystery and credit must go to the county board for doing such a good job keeping it under wraps. This especially after coming under fire for taking a lengthy period of time in finding a successor to Shane O’Neil with former manager Mícheál O’Donoghue being one of the other rumoured candidates before pulling out of contention.

Although Shefflin is a rookie manager at inter-county level, he has coached his native Ballyhale Shamrocks to consecutive club AllIreland’s in 2018 and 2019 before stepping down. He then took the reigns at intermediate side Thomastown in 2020. He has also served as an analyst on RTÉ since his retirement from playing which has received positive reviews from viewers. Therefore, his hurling acumen is clear to see on sidelines as well as on the pitch.

And so to further this discussion, what can Shefflin bring to Galway as a big name yes, but a complete outsider to the county.

Firstly, Shefflin is a modern manager who played in the modern game and knows the demands placed on inter-county players at present. Shefflin, of coursed played under one of the greatest managers of all time in Brian Cody and would surely have learned a thing or two about how to manage a team of star-studded players.

Of which, it would be fair to say, Galway are not at present. Star man Joe Canning has retired and the squad in general is older with many having soldiered in the years prior to winning Liam McCarthy in 2017. There is however, a lot of talent coming through with Galway having being perennial contenders and indeed winners at underage level and so talent shouldn’t be an issue. They are also regarded as the best team to take on Limerick physically as shown during the 2020 All- Ireland semi-final where they lost out by only a score.

Unlike 2020 however, Galway fell flat this year losing to a young Dublin team before exiting the championship at the hands of Waterford. This is despite their status as being one of the favourites and instead appeared tired and tactically devoid of any real game plan despite their promising league form. This would further suggest that a fresh approach is needed.

Shefflin is a. an outsider and b. a proven winner who will be ruthless in terms of what players he wants and how he wants them to play.

Now to address the elephant in the room, Shefflin’s appointment provides us with a potentially great storyline between himself and Brian Cody when their sides face each other. It will be a clash between mentor and pupil, old and new. Hurling has never been short on drama, and this will only add to it especially if they face each other at the business end of the championship.

Overall, it provides us with another intriguing year of hurling ahead with many different plots. While success for the tribesmen may not come immediately, the future is exciting for the county and for ‘King Henry.’ Who Knows, if his tenure is successful, the top job may come calling once the master finally calls it a day. The pupil becomes the….. you know the rest.