Implications of welfare reform for child care availability in the crystal stairs service area by UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs

Implications of Welfare Reform for Child Care Availability in the Crystal Stairs Service Area Executive Summary Recent welfare reform has significantly increased work requirements for welfare recipients. Due to this change, it is expected there will be a significant increase in the demand for full-time, yearround child care. The County of Los Angeles anticipates that potential increased demand for child care is greater than known supply (i.e., licensed child care). License-exempt care (e.g., relatives, friends, neighbors) is extremely difficult to quantify, and the supply is unknown to administrators. Yet adequate child care supply, both licensed and license-exempt, is necessary for the successful implementation of work requirements and to help move families off welfare. Parents who cannot find reasonably available child care may be temporarily excused from work requirements. Crystal Stairs, the county's largest child care Resource and Referral agency/Alternative Payment Provider, has numerous welfare families in its service area. In order to help administer child care services to these families, Crystal Stairs has an interest in analyzing the known child care supply and potential new demand to get an indication of the potential supply shortage. The intent of this report is to estimate the magnitude of the licensed supply shortage in the Crystal Stairs service area and to recommend broad action to help meet welfare reform policy goals. With regard to child care, the policy goal is to ensure there is enough child care to enable parents to meet increased welfare reform work requirements. To do this, child care may be licensed or license-exempt, it must be within a reasonable distance from parents' home or work, it must provide care for all hours parents will be engaged in work-related activities (generally full-time), and it must be safe and dependable. Because licensed care is known to Crystal Stairs, it is the focus of this analysis. Also, it is assumed parents will want child care near their homes, and zip codes are used as a geographic indicator. This report uses secondary analysis of existing data and imposes general statistical and geographic information system (GIS) analysis to arrive at a conclusion about supply and demand. The supply data was gathered from Crystal Stairsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; CareFinder database, and the demand data is from the countyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Department of Public Social Services database, based on September 1997 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) caseload data. Key Findings In the Crystal Stairs service area, potential demand far exceeds current licensed supply. Current vacant supply meets only 11% of the potential demand from children eligible for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). The supply and demand gap is greatest for infant and school-aged care, with 8% and 6% of potential need met, respectively. While preschool supply is greater, it will only meet 22% of potential new demand. Current capacity serves predominantly preschool-age children (68%), while potential new TANF demand will be largely school-aged children (52%). Jill Cannon

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Centers are operating at much lower vacancy rates than family child care homes (14% and 41%, respectively). Zip codes with the largest numbers of TANF children (90001, 90002, 90003, 90011, 90037, 90044, 90059, and 90250) have very low percentages of potential need met through current vacancies. Many of these zip codes have 5% or less of potential demand met and over 2,500 TANF children. Potential need met in the eastern portion of the service area, South-Central, and one area in Inglewood (zip codes 90001, 90002, 900003, 90011, 90015, 90037, 90058, 90059, and 90304) is consistently lowest for all age groups. Vacancies with Spanish-speaking providers are extremely low 3% or less in zip codes where over 50% of AFDC recipients indicate Spanish as their primary home language (90001, 90011, 90015, 90058, 90304). Overall, only 5% of potential new demand is met through vacancies providing care in Spanish. Weekend child care capacity meets only 4% of potential new demand, not accounting for current capacity already being used. Nighttime child care capacity meets only 1% of potential new demand, not accounting for current capacity already being used. In order to provide a full range of choices to parents, as well as to lessen the circumstances leading to temporary work exemptions, the licensed child care supply in the Crystal Stairs service area will need to be greatly increased. Unless a conscious effort is made to increase supply, Crystal Stairs will be limited in the help it can provide its clients in finding child care, and many TANF parents will find it difficult to meet their welfare reform work requirements due to the lack of reasonably available care. Ultimately, this child care problem could limit the effectiveness of welfare reform. Based on the analysis of data, several broad actions are recommended to build licensed capacity in the service area to lessen the gap between known supply and potential demand: Target school-aged and infant care specifically, while recognizing all age groups will benefit from increased supply. Focus efforts to increase supply in or near the zip codes with the largest numbers of TANF children and the lowest vacant supply. Target supply of care during nonstandard hours when many TANF recipients will need to work. Target supply of care in Spanish, particularly in zip codes with large percentages of Spanishspeaking TANF recipients.

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I. Introduction The supply of licensed child care in the Crystal Stairs service area will need to be greatly increased to meet the new demand for full-time child care as a result of welfare reform work requirements. If supply is not increased, then the majority of recipients newly seeking full-time child care will be forced to rely on potentially less reliable license-exempt care despite their preferences. Worse yet, they may face the situation of no child care at all, which would inhibit their ability to meet the new work requirements. The success of welfare reform depends, in part, on child care as a support service for parents entering the labor force full time. For Crystal Stairs to provide child care assistance to welfare recipients, there must first be sufficient capacity to meet the demand. This report uses secondary analysis of Crystal Stairs and county database information to analyze the licensed capacity to determine to what degree the current licensed supply meets the estimated demand. Recent welfare reform has significantly increased work requirements for welfare recipients. Due to this change, it is expected there will be a significant increase in the demand for full-time, year-round child care. The County of Los Angeles anticipates that potential increased demand for child care is greater than known supply (i.e., licensed child care). License-exempt care (e.g., relatives, friends, neighbors) is extremely difficult to quantify, and the supply is unknown to county administrators. Yet adequate child care supply, both licensed and licenseexempt, is necessary for the successful implementation of work requirements and to help move families off welfare. Crystal Stairs, the county's largest Resource and Referral (R&R) agency/Alternative Payment Provider (APP), has numerous welfare families in its service area. In order to help administer child care services to these families, Crystal Stairs has an interest in analyzing the

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known, licensed child care supply and potential new demand in its service area to get an indication of the potential supply shortage. Among the reasons to compare demand to licensed supply are the following: Crystal Stairs can only refer their clients to known supply. Exempt child care is unknown to referral staff, but licensed child care is available through their database system. If licensed supply is unavailable, Crystal Stairs cannot help clients find care, and clients will have to rely on other methods. Finding reliable care can often be a challenging prospect for welfare recipients. Clients may require work exemptions if care is not reasonably available. Licensed care is the most reliable measure of availability because welfare administrators cannot assume all recipients have access to license-exempt child care. Based on Crystal Stairs' historical data, welfare parents receiving child care subsidies have chosen licensed child care predominantly, with only 16% of recipients opting for licenseexempt care.1 Given this revealed preference for licensed care, it can be assumed that welfare recipients will demand licensed care when they have access to guaranteed subsidies. They will not have a full range of choices of child care options if faced with limited licensed supply. License-exempt care tends to be less reliable for full-time, year-round child care needs than licensed care. Licensed providers have a greater investment in their work minimum state standards

they must meet

and they are more likely to be consistently available.

The intent of this report is to estimate the magnitude of the licensed supply shortage and to recommend broad action to help meet welfare reform policy goals. With regard to child care, the policy goal is to ensure there is enough child care to enable parents to meet increased welfare

Based on federal block grant child care payments administered from October 1996 through September 1997.

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work requirements. To do this, child care may be licensed or license-exempt, it must be within a reasonable distance from parents' home or work, it must provide care for all the hours parents will be engaged in work-related activities (generally full-time), and it must be safe and dependable. This report uses secondary analysis of existing data and imposes general statistical and geographic information system (GIS) analysis to arrive at a conclusion about supply and demand. The analysis is based on several assumptions, the primary being that welfare recipients will desire child care near their homes. Two recent reports state parents prefer child care close to home.2 Other sources indicate location can depend on the age of the child or neighborhood characteristics. Because it is difficult to accurately predict where recipients will work, and assuming a significant portion will want child care reasonably close to home, this report looks at child care near the home (i.e., within the Crystal Stairs service area). Another major assumption is that all eligible families with children will participate in work or work related activities, and they will require full-time child care. Many welfare recipients currently work, although generally part-time or inconsistently. Increased work requirements and time limits under welfare reform will force families to quickly increase their work hours and, thus, their child care needs. A third assumption is that all welfare recipients are potentially interested in licensed child care for their children when they have subsidies to help pay the cost. It is assumed these families desire a choice of child care options. No assumptions are made about the quality of child care arrangements.

U.S. General Accounting Office (1997). Welfare Reform: Implications of Increased Work Participation for Child Care. GAO/HEHS-97-75. Washington, DC: GPO; California Child Care Resource & Referral Network (1997). The California Child Care Portfolio. San Francisco, CA: author.

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The remainder of this report will 1) provide a brief background on welfare reform and the common types of child care available, 2) describe the data and methodology used for analysis, 3) provide an impact analysis with implications for Crystal Stairs, and 4) provide broad recommendations. II. Background Welfare reform The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 created major changes to the welfare system. The act abolished the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program and created block grants to states for the newly created Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The new system has more stringent work requirements and time limits than did AFDC, which creates a likely increased need for child care among recipients. Previously, single parents with children under age 3 were exempt from work requirements, but the new law only allows states to give exemptions for single parents of infants up to one year of age. California's welfare reform plan is known as CalWORKs. Recognizing child care is vital to a parent's ability to enter and remain in the labor force, California has guaranteed subsidized child care to CalWORKs children age 10 and under (with subsidies for 11 and 12-year-olds only if funding is available). Significant funding is provided for CalWORKs child care throughout the state. California's three-stage child care system As part of welfare reform, California has tried to streamline child care services for TANF recipients and child care providers by creating a three-stage child care system. The goal is to

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provide child care benefits in an efficient and effective system to support TANF recipients in meeting new work requirements. The new system is as follows: Stage I begins with first entry into the welfare-to-work program, Greater Avenues for Independence (GAIN). Parents can stay in this stage for up to 6 months or until the familyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work activity and child care are stable. Cal-Learn participants (teen mothers) will remain in this stage while in Cal-Learn. Stage I is funded through the California Department of Social Services (CDSS) and is administered by the County of Los Angeles Department of Public Social Services (DPSS) with contracts to APPs. Stage II begins when the parentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work/education/training program and child care arrangements are stable. Families can stay in Stage II for up to 2 years after receiving cash assistance. Stage II is funded through the California Department of Education (CDE) and administered by APPs. Stage III begins when a funded space is available for current and former CalWORKs families. This stage also includes low income families not receiving cash assistance. Families are eligible for subsidized child care until their income exceeds 75% of the State Median Income (SMI) or their children reach the age of 13. Families whose income exceeds 75% of SMI, but who are currently receiving subsidized child care, will be grandfathered into the program. Stage III is funded through the California Department of Education (CDE) and administered by APPs. Under the new system, Crystal Stairs will administer all stages of child care for its service area in order to provide seamless service for CalWORKs families. The service area includes South-Central Los Angeles, Inglewood, Hawthorne, Gardena, and Lawndale and encompasses 28 zip codes (see Figure A-1). Crystal Stairs administers subsidies to about 1,000 AFDC children

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who are classified as Stage II in the new system. It also currently administers the equivalent of Stage III. Work requirements in Los Angeles County In implementing CalWORKs, the County of Los Angeles will require a 32 hours work week for recipients. This exceeds the federal requirements for initial implementation. The county was not able to provide data on the number of hours worked by current recipients, but according to RAND, it is estimated that 40% work less than 20 hours per week, and 50% work less than 25 hours a week.3 It is difficult to know accurate numbers at this point, but it is probably safe to assume that the majority of participants will need to increase their work hours to meet a 32hours-per-week requirement. The number of hours worked per week will affect child care utilization, with more hours worked naturally increasing the amount of child care needed. Good Cause Exemptions Parents may receive temporary exemptions from work requirements if licensed or license-exempt child care for a child 12 years of age or younger is not reasonably available. Among the factors considered on a case-by-case basis by the County are the following: Lack of sufficient child care options to exercise parental choice; Parental dissatisfaction with provider; Geographic access limiting parental choice; Failure of the provider to make a long-term commitment to care for the child, and the participant is unable to select another provider; and Child care arrangements have broken down or have been interrupted.

RAND Stage II Child Care Planning memorandum to APPs and DPSS, November 19, 1997.

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If the client has an independent means of transportation, such as a car or other assistance, then whether or not child care is a "reasonable distance" from a client's home or worksite includes, but is not limited to: the reliability of the vehicle or other transportation; transportation cost; and the commuting time from the client's home to the child care facility and to the work site.4 Types of child care Parents face several options when choosing child care. For the purposes of this report, the choices fall into two broad categories: licensed or license-exempt. Licensed care is regulated by the state, must meet minimum health, safety, and training standards, and is either center-based or located within a family child care home (FCC). Licensed care is monitored and recorded in R&R databases, including information about hours of operation, capacity, ages served, and any special needs accommodated. Child care centers are nonresidential facilities that can care for large numbers of children

an average of 61 in Crystal Stairs' service area. FCCs provide residential

care to a smaller number of children

an average of nine in Crystal Stairs' service area. A small

FCC is licensed for up to eight children, and a large FCC is licensed for up to 14 children. License-exempt care is not regulated and is generally based on personal relationships. These types of arrangements include relatives, friends, and/or neighbors. A license is not required for any person providing care for the children of one family, in addition to the provider's own child(ren); any care and supervision of children by a relative or guardian; 4

DPSS CalWORKs Child Care Implementation Plan, March 26, 1998.

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certain public and private schools that operate a program before and/or after school for school-age children; certain public and private youth organizations who provide development/enrichment programs; certain public and private recreation programs; cooperative arrangements between parents that involve no payment; or child care provided on federal lands.5 There are no health, safety, or training standards for home providers (e.g., relatives or friends) other than to complete the Health and Safety Self-Certification. Providers who are not close relatives are subject to a Trustline criminal background check if they receive state subsidy payments. License-exempt child care is the least expensive form of child care and supply is unknown to R&Rs. Several factors play a role in a parent's choice of child care. These include the age of the child, the proximity of the provider to home or work, the hours of operation, accommodation of special needs, price, quality, and reliability. III. Data and Methodology Secondary analysis of Crystal Stairs and DPSS data was used, and general statistical and GIS analysis was imposed to measure the gap between known supply and potential demand. Supply data

The licensed child care supply data was collected from Crystal Stairs' CareFinder database, which includes all licensed child care centers and family child care providers in the 5

DPSS CalWORKs Child Care Implementation Plan (1998).

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service area. Data was collected over the period January 30 - February 6, 1998, with the exception of the weekend data, which was collected May 1, 1998.The supply data does not account for license-exempt care. The data was collected for the 28 zip codes served by Crystal Stairs' Alternative Payment Program, which will administer child care subsidies for CalWORKs recipients at all stages of the child care system. While aggregate numbers give a broad picture of known supply in the service area, individual zip codes provide a glimpse of where certain types of child care are most abundant or lacking in the area. In order to determine the magnitude of the child care supply shortage, it was first necessary to establish the capacity of FCCs and centers and the number of vacancies currently available. The following data was collected by zip code: Number of family child care (FCC) providers

establishes the number of home providers,

including the number of small capacity FCC providers. Small FCC providers are licensed for up to eight children with one adult present, and large FCCs provide for up to 14 children with an additional staff member present. Number of centers

establishes the availability of center-based care, which provides for large

numbers of children at one site. Capacities of FCCs and centers

establishes the total capacity of licensed child care, broken

down by type of care and age of child. For the purposes of this report, the age groups are Infants:

birth through age 2

Preschool:

ages 3 through 5

School-age:

ages 6 through 12

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Note that five-year-olds, at some point, enter Kindergarten. However, for this report they are classified in the preschool age group. This may affect results slightly, but it is necessary because the demand data is provided with a 3-to-5-years-old age group that is not broken out separately. Each age group has special child care needs, and families sometimes prefer different types of care for certain age groups. For example, many families prefer center-based care for their preschoolers and home-based care for their youngest children. Full-time (FT) vacancies in FCCs and centers

establishes the number of current vacancies

by type of care and age of child. Full-time care was chosen because the Los Angeles County 32hours-per-week work requirement is essentially full-time. While capacity figures tell part of the story of child care supply in the region, the number of vacancies is more important for the purposes of this report to establish how much unused licensed care is available for parents seeking child care. The currently used portion of child care is not expected to diminish to any extent, so only vacancies will offer potential spaces for CalWORKs recipients newly seeking licensed care. Spanish-speaking providers

establishes the number of providers who speak Spanish or have

assistants who do, the total capacity of these providers, and vacancies available to families. A significant portion of CalWORKs recipients in the Crystal Stairs service area are Spanishspeaking, and it is assumed they would prefer a provider who can communicate with them in their home language to some degree. Special schedule: 24 hours (night)

establishes how many FCC providers and centers provide

care during night hours. This data was selected after consulting with Crystal Stairs staff about how to best determine which providers offer nighttime care. There is a CareFinder database category for extended hours, but it was explained that it is often merely the extension of care by

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a couple of hours beyond the traditional "9 to 5" work hours. While this is definitely helpful for many families, for the purposes of this report, the overnight hours are important to analyze because many low-income jobs include night shifts, and there have been reports that care during nighttime hours is lacking. The 24-hours category measures the number of providers offering care between 12:01 a.m. and 11:59 p.m. (a technical classification) and their total capacities. The number of vacancies is not included because data on nighttime vacancies, as separate from vacancies during traditional hours, was not available. For example, a FCC provider might have only one vacancy listed, based on capacity during traditional hours, but in reality she has up to six vacancies for nighttime care, if she chooses. Special schedule: weekends

establishes how many providers offer care on weekends. As with

nighttime care, many CalWORKs recipients will potentially require weekend care because their jobs include nonstandard schedules. Providers offering both nighttime care and weekend care may exist, but this is not specified in the data collected for this report. Likewise, it is not specified how many of the weekend or nighttime providers are Spanish-speaking. Limitations of data: This data merely provides a snapshot of licensed supply at one point in time. Capacity and vacancies can change from month to month, especially with turnover of FCC providers. However, the total numbers are reasonably accurate for the purposes of this report. This report does not account for a natural increase in supply that might result from the increased demand and an improving economy.

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Demand data Estimating potential demand for child care DPSS data is used to estimate potential demand for child care once CalWORKs enrollment is completed. Enrollment has already begun, and according to DPSS, the enrollment process will be competed by the end of 1998. The county expects Stage I enrollees to transition to Stage II in about five months on average. The county therefore foresees that all eligible participants will be enrolled in Stage II by the end of May 1999. Data was taken from a DPSS report, Potential Stage II Welfare-to-Work Child Care Needs Following Complete Phase-In

June 1999, created in November 1997. These numbers,

based on September 1997 AFDC caseload data, reflect all families subject to welfare-to-work who have children under 13, with the exceptions of Cal-Learn and new TANF recipients. The numbers are pure, with no formula applied to them by DPSS to project caseload. These numbers are used to estimate potential demand after complete phase-in of eligible families, and they are broken down by zip code. For consistency, the DPSS numbers are grouped by age to match the infant, preschool, and school-aged groupings used in the supply data. Estimating current usage of licensed child care Some of the TANF caseload is currently using child care, so a formula was applied to the DPSS projections to back out the estimated number of children already using licensed child care. This is based on the assumption that families currently using licensed care will continue to do so, thus affecting used capacity. If the current usage is part-time, it is assumed recipients will be able to increase the number of hours of care with their providers, if necessary. In September 1997, less than 850 AFDC children whose parents received child care subsidies through Crystal Stairs were enrolled in licensed child care. This represents 1.5% of the DPSS caseload for the Crystal

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Stairs service area, and only reflects the number of AFDC children known to Crystal Stairs. Assuming that some families who are not currently claiming subsidies are also using licensed child care, the question remains how many. It is virtually impossible to get specific information from DPSS or any other source. According to DPSS, a substantial majority of CalWORKs recipients engaged in welfare-to-work activity today secure unpaid child care, typically from relatives. Of those working CalWORKs recipients who do use paid child care, a substantial majority rely on license-exempt providers.6 For the purposes of this report, a five percent current usage rate is applied to the caseload projections. An adjusted potential demand estimate is then derived by subtracting five percent from the original potential demand numbers. Adjusted potential demand for licensed child care Many welfare recipients are currently in the labor force, although not necessarily fulltime or consistently. With the 32-hours-per-week work requirement, it is reasonable to expect that most recipients will need to increase the number of hours and weeks they work. While many may have been able to use license-exempt child care while working part-time, it is anticipated that there will be an increased need for more reliable, full-time care with the new work requirements. An increased demand for licensed care is therefore expected.7 Also, as recipients receive child care subsidies through the APP office, they will have the different child care options explained to them. Based on Crystal Stairs historical data, clients who received subsidies through Crystal Stairs were much more likely to use licensed care than license-exempt care. This is in contrast to the general county trend that indicates AFDC recipients use exempt care predominantly. One explanation for this might be that when they are advised of their options, are

DPSS Draft CalWORKs Implementation Plan, December 3, 1997. RAND Stage II Child Care Planning memorandum (1997); DPSS CalWORKs Child Care Implementation Plan (1998). 7

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given referrals, and have subsidies to help pay for child care, parents prefer licensed care. This is all contingent on availability of licensed care and subsidies, however. Given that child care subsidies are guaranteed, the estimated 95% of children currently not using licensed child care are all potential new consumers of licensed care. Demand for infant care The demand estimates for infants are probably high for various reasons. First, Los Angeles County CalWORKs recipients with children under age one are exempt from work requirements. Second, many parents might prefer to have a relative or trusted friend care for their youngest children. Third, licensed infant care is the most expensive of all age groups due to low child/staff ratios. Fourth, many parents might prefer to have their infant in child care close to their work, and many work sites will be outside the Crystal Stairs service area. However, there is almost no way to determine to what degree these factors will affect demand. Therefore, the adjusted demand numbers provide an acceptable point from which to estimate demand based on all recipients who are eligible and have a right to child care subsidies. The numbers also include parents who will choose to work because of time limits, and those who will want child care near their homes. The demand numbers do not include Cal-Learn or possible new TANF recipients who may or may not currently be using child care in the service area. Data comparison The demand estimates are compared to the supply data by capacity and by full-time vacancies. The unadjusted demand estimates are compared to total capacity for illustrative purposes to provide a relative indication of the supply and demand gap. The adjusted demand estimates, reflecting potential new demand, are compared to the number of vacancies. The

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estimate of how much the current vacant licensed supply is able to meet the potential increased demand illustrates the magnitude of the licensed supply shortage. These estimates of potential need met through vacancies are analyzed by individual zip code and across the entire Crystal Stairs service area. The demand for licensed child care from non-CalWORKs recipients, including those in Stage III who are also Crystal Stairs clients, is not accounted for in this report. IV. Impact Analysis and Implications Crystal Stairs service area Overall, potential demand for licensed child care far exceeds the current supply, as shown in Table 1. Current licensed capacity, not accounting for the capacity currently being used, only meets 46% of the potential CalWORKs demand. Total preschool capacity actually exceeds demand, reflecting the substantial proportion of preschool capacity in the service area (68% of total). However, only 21% of infant demand and 20% of school-aged demand is met through total capacity, reflecting the low capacity for these age groups. While capacity comparisons provide one indication of the overall supply and demand gap, a comparison of current vacancies and adjusted potential demand (hereafter referred to as potential demand) is much more revealing (see Figures 1 and 2). Current vacant supply meets only 11% of the potential demand in the service area. The gap is greatest for infant and schoolaged care, with 8% and 6% of need met, respectively. While the preschool supply is greater, it will only meet 22% of potential demand.

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Welfare Reform and Child Care Availability Table 1: Supply and Demand Statistics for the Crystal Stairs Service Area FCC Providers Centers

787 (464 Small) 299 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential Potential a % of Potential Need Met Total FT Demand Potential Demand through Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) Vacancies 804 150 954 11,938 21% 11,341 8% 17% 22%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 2,008 551 2,559 10%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

3,335 14,197 17,532 68%

1,188 1,931 3,119 56%

14,805 27%

118%

14,065

22%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

2,033 3,590 5,623 22%

1,007 515 1,522 27%

28,777 52%

20%

27,338

25,714

5,595

55,520

46%

52,744

11%

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

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Vacancies Capacity as as a % of a % of Total FT Adjusted Potential Vacancies Demand Demand 728 1,929 2,657 5% 28%

Number of Providers 216 206 422

Total Capacity 1,788 13,600 15,388

72 0 72

731 0 731

n/a

195 10 205

1,840 628 2,468

n/a

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Welfare Reform and Child Care Availability Figure 1 Crystal Stairs Service Area Supply and Demand under CalWORKs 27,338

30000 25000 20000 15000

14,065

11,341

10000 5000

954

3,119

1,522

0 Infants

Preschool

School-age

Age Group Licensed Vacancies

Potential Demand

Figure 2 Potential Need Met through Current Licensed Vacancies 25%

22%

20% 15% 10%

8% 6%

5% 0% Infants

Preschool

School-age

Age Group

It is reasonable to expect that not all TANF parents will choose licensed care, even when provided with subsidies and an explanation of the range of options. As noted previously, about 16% of Crystal Stairs' AFDC subsidy clients chose exempt care. Even accounting for a similar percentage choosing license-exempt care in the future, only 12.6% of potential demand for licensed care is met with current vacancies.

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General findings: Type of care and age of child: Only 10% of current capacity accommodates infants, but the demand estimates indicate 22% of new demand will be for infant care. Only 22% of current capacity accommodates school-age children, but the demand estimates indicate the majority of new demand (52%) will be for school-aged care. Centers have 71% of total capacity and 46% of vacancies, and are operating at lower vacancy rates than FCCs. Infants: FCCs have 78% of total infant capacity and 84% of vacancies. Preschool: Centers have 81% of total preschool capacity and 62% of vacancies. School-age: Centers have 64% of total school-aged capacity but only 34% of vacancies. Without an increase in licensed supply, most TANF families will face limited child care choices. Crystal Stairs staff will be able to offer very limited assistance in helping families find care. License-exempt care will have to increase to fill this gap between known supply and demand, but there is no way to predict how much of the gap it will be able to fill. As a result, many families may face the real possibility of being unable to find reliable child care for their children. This creates a potential situation of numerous â&#x20AC;&#x153;good causeâ&#x20AC;? cases for temporary work exemptions, and/or it could cause parents to leave school-aged children unattended ("latchkey"). Zip codes Zip code 90047, in the center of the service area, has 10% of total service area licensed capacity and the largest number of vacancies, yet its vacancies only meet 34% of potential need. Notably, this is the largest percentage of need met among all zip codes8.

See Appendix tables A-1 through A-28 for a complete breakdown of individual zip code information.

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Zip codes with the largest numbers of TANF children have very low percentages of potential need met, as shown in Figure 3. Zip codes 90001, 90002, 90003, 90011, 90037, 90044, 90059, and 90250 have from 2,623 to 5,820 TANF children, yet none of these zip codes has more than 10% of potential need met through current vacancies. Five of these zip codes meet 5% of need or less. Figure 3: Potential New Licensed Child Care Demand and Percentage of Need Met 342

(3%)

1957

2149

(16%)

90016

1566

1217 (8%)

(13%)

90018

(19%)

90008

2027

(23%)

(20%)

90056

90043

90007

1541

2772

(18%)

(7%)

90062

90037

4173

90302

2473 5820

408

(14%)

(31%)

(33%)

(10%)

90301

90305

90047

90044

3513 (5%) 90003

(10%)

90058

90001

3027 90002

1503

E S

(4%) 90059

(9%) 90061

826

Number of TANF children under 13 75 - 1224 1225 - 2373 2374 - 3522 3523 - 4671 4672 - 5820 (%) Percentage of potential need met through current licensed vacancies

(21%)

1134

(2%)

3088

90303

3743 90250

(1%)

90011

(3%)

1033 (2%) 1198 (10%) 90304

309

(3%)

2623

1338 (14%) 1291

90015

90249

1400

(8%)

(17%)

90260

90247

200 (11%) 90248

Of particular note, it appears that the eastern portion of the service area zip codes 90001, 90002, 90003, 90011, 90015, 90037, 90058, and 90059

South-Central

fares worst for all age

groups (see Figures 4, 5 and 6). One other zip code, 90304 in Inglewood, fares equally poorly. Interestingly, several of these zip codes have predominantly Spanish-speaking TANF populations.

Jill Cannon

-21-

June 1998

Welfare Reform and Child Care Availability Figure 4: Potential Infant Demand Met through Licensed Vacancies 90015 90018

90016

90007

90008 90062 90056

90011

90037

90058

90043

90001

90302 90305

90301

90003

90047

90002

90044 90304

90303 90059 90061

90250 90249

90260

Percentage of Infant Need Met 0% - 7% 7% - 14% 14% - 21% 21% - 28% 28% - 35%

90247

90248

Figure 5: Potential Preschool Demand Met through Licensed Vacancies 90015 90018

90016

90007

90008 90062 90056

90011

90037

90058

90043

90001

90302 90305

90301

90003

90047

90002

90044 90304

90303 90059 90061

90250 90249

90260

90247

90248

Jill Cannon

Percentage of Preschool Need Met 2% - 16% 16% - 30% 30% - 44% 44% - 58% 58% - 72%

-22-

June 1998

Welfare Reform and Child Care Availability Figure 6: Potential School-Age Demand Met through Licensed Vacancies

90015 90018

90016

90007

90008 90062 90056

90011

90037

90058

90043

90001

90302 90305

90301

90003

90047

90002

90044 90304

90303 90059 90061

90250 90249

90260

90247

90248

Percentage of School-age Need Met 0% - 4% 4% - 7% 7% - 11% 11% - 14% 14% - 18%

The extreme mismatch of supply and demand in certain areas is an obstacle to finding child care for many parents. Because they must go beyond their immediate neighborhoods to find licensed care, travel distances will be farther for parents seeking this type of care. Further research is warranted to determine why supply is especially scarce in the above mentioned zip codes. Two possibilities are that there are barriers to entry for providers or that parents do not demand licensed care in these particular areas for specific reasons. Special characteristics Spanish-speaking providers In zip codes with over 50% of TANF recipients indicating Spanish as their primary home language9 â&#x20AC;&#x201D;90001, 90011, 90015, 90058, 90304â&#x20AC;&#x201D;vacancies with Spanish-speaking providers are extremely low (see Figure 7). These zip codes have 3% or less of potential need met. It is 9

Based on DPSS October 1997 AFDC caseload data.

Jill Cannon

-23-

June 1998

Welfare Reform and Child Care Availability

important to note that all children are factored into the percentages, although not all will need care in Spanish. Given that over 50% might need Spanish-speaking providers, these percentages are still very low. More than likely, Spanish-speaking families will need to rely on licenseexempt care if they require child care close to home. Even if they are willing to travel to access care, capacity and vacancies are limited throughout the service area (only 5% of overall potential need is met through vacancies with Spanish-speaking providers). Centers provide the majority of care in Spanish (88%) and have the majority of vacancies (73%). Figure 7: Licensed Vacancies with Spanish-Speaking Providers as a Percentage of Potential Demand

90015 90018

90016

90007

90008 90062 90056

90011

90037

90058

90043

N 90001

90302

90305

90301

90002

90044 90304

90003

90047

E S

90303 90059 90061

90250 90249

90260

Percentage of Potential Demand 1% - 4% 4% - 8% 8% - 11% 11% - 15% 15% - 18%

90247

90248

Nonstandard hours Weekend and nighttime capacities meet only 4% and 1% of potential demand, respectively. Centers offer no nighttime care and very few offer weekend care. Therefore, licensed care during nonstandard hours, limited as it is, rests mainly with FCCs. It can be

Jill Cannon

-24-

June 1998

Welfare Reform and Child Care Availability

assumed some capacity is already being used, though it is not determined for this report. Parents entering jobs with nonstandard hours will find it extremely difficult to locate licensed care if they prefer it, and they will have to rely almost exclusively on license-exempt child care. Crystal Stairs staff will be able to offer little help for families seeking nonstandard arrangements. V. Conclusions and Recommendations The licensed child care supply in the Crystal Stairs service area will need to be greatly

increased in order to provide a full range of choices to parents and lessen the circumstances leading to â&#x20AC;&#x153;good causeâ&#x20AC;? work exemptions. All age groups are potential targets for this increase because of the magnitude of the supply and demand gap, but especially infants and school-aged care. If licensed supply is not increased, Crystal Stairs will be limited in the help it can provide its clients through referrals. Families will need to rely predominantly on license-exempt care, and it is unknown whether or not license-exempt care will be able to fill the supply gap. The net result, unless a conscious effort is made to increase supply, is that many TANF parents will find it difficult to meet their CalWORKs work requirements due to lack of reasonably available child care. Ultimately, this child care problem could limit the effectiveness of welfare reform. Based on the impact analysis, several broad actions are recommended to build capacity and lessen the gap between licensed supply and potential demand: Target school-aged and infant care specifically, while recognizing all age groups will benefit from increased supply. Data shows school-aged care will experience the largest gap, closely followed by infant care. One approach to increasing the supply relatively quickly would be to encourage existing providers to expand their capacities (e.g., provide technical assistance). 2,784 potential spaces could be created by encouraging small FCC providers to expand their capacities by

Jill Cannon

-25-

June 1998

Welfare Reform and Child Care Availability

six spaces each. This alone would increase the number of vacancies by 50%. This will have limited impact on infant spaces due to a regulated maximum number of infants per FCC, but it could help the shortage of school-aged supply. Parents of school-aged children might prefer their children receive care in their neighborhood, close to friends and classmates, and FCCs would provide this. Likewise, centers can be encouraged to expand their capacities using existing space, if possible. Additionally, new providers should be encouraged to offer school-aged and infant care, not just preschool care. Longer-term capacity building will require more concentrated efforts beyond the scope of this report (e.g., training or funding new providers). Prioritize capacity-building efforts in or near the zip codes with the largest numbers of TANF children where potential demand far exceeds licensed vacancies for all age groups. Determine if there are possible barriers for the provision of licensed supply (e.g., unsafe neighborhoods or lack of demand due to cost). If true barriers exist, determine which nearby areas could best supply recipients with licensed child care. Target care during nonstandard hours when many TANF recipients will need to work. Encourage centers to operate on weekends. Currently, only 3% of centers offer care on weekends, yet they have larger capacities than FCCs. Their ability to accommodate large numbers of children in one location is logical for targeted weekend care. Likewise, only 25% of FCCs currently offer weekend care, so they would be potential targets, although they have more limited staff and space. Additionally, encourage centers and FCCs to extend their hours of operation beyond traditional work hours on weekdays to accommodate shifts starting before or ending after the typical 9-to-5.

Jill Cannon

-26-

June 1998

Welfare Reform and Child Care Availability

Determine the extent of under-supply for care in Spanish. While it is commonly claimed that Latino families prefer relative care for their children, the scarcity of Spanish-speaking providers raises an interesting issue and causes reflection on common assumptions. Is there a lack of this type of care because parents do not demand it, or do parents choose license-exempt care because they have limited options? A survey of Spanish-speaking TANF parents will provide insight into whether or not they would use licensed child care if it were available in Spanish. If it is determined they would, capacitybuilding efforts should include encouraging Spanish-speaking FCC providers to expand and FCCs to hire bilingual assistants. The majority of centers already provide care in Spanish, but the 93 centers that do not should be encouraged to offer it. Efforts to increase the supply of care in Spanish should be targeted first in the five zip codes highlighted in this report 90001, 90011, 90015, 90058, 90304.

Jill Cannon

-27-

June 1998

Appendix 90001 Table A-1

90001 FCC Providers Centers

10 (6 Small) 4 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Total FT Demand Potential Demand Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 12 0 12 571 5% 542 18% 21%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 27 0 27 6%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

33 297 330 70%

16 20 36 55%

762 28%

43%

724

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

26 91 117 25%

18 0 18 27%

1,428 52%

1,357

474

2,761

17%

2,623

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies as a % of Total FT Adjusted Vacancies Demand 18 20 38 1%

Capacity as a % of Potential Demand

Number of Providers 4 4 8

Total Capacity 34 388 422

2 0 2

18 0 18

n/a

1 0 1

6 0 6

n/a

15%

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 2% Preschool 5% School-Age 1% 6%

5% 4% 3%

1% 0% Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Age Group

June 1998

Appendix 90002 Table A-2

90002 FCC Providers Centers

18 (9 Small) 11 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 20 0 20 666 6% 633 22% 21%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 42 0 42 6%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

76 396 472 68%

32 0 32 35%

870 27%

54%

827

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

72 108 180 26%

40 0 40 43%

1,650 52%

11%

1,568

694

3,186

22%

3,027

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Capacity as a % of Potential Demand

Number of Providers 5 6 11

Total Capacity 50 198 248

2 0 2

16 0 16

n/a

3 0 3

30 0 30

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies Preschool School-Age 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0%

Vacancies as a % of Adjusted Total FT Vacancies Demand 28 0 28 1%

3% 4% 3%

4% 3% 3%

Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90003 Table A-3

90003 FCC Providers Centers

24 (16 Small) 14 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 24 2 26 769 9% 731 15% 21%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 63 6 69 5%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

97 918 1,015 77%

36 68 104 59%

958 26%

106%

910

11%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

62 180 242 18%

28 19 47 27%

1,971 53%

12%

1,872

1,326

177

3,698

36%

3,513

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 12 82 94 3% 30%

Number of Providers 4 13 17

Total Capacity 36 1,089 1,125

3 0 3

32 0 32

n/a

8 0 8

72 0 72

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 3% Preschool 11% School-Age 2% 12%

11%

10% 8% 6% 4%

2% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90007 Table A-4

90007 FCC Providers Centers

7 (3 Small) 13 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 19 20 39 4%

Total FT Vacancies 9 1 10 10%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

31 681 712 73%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

All Ages

Potential TANF Demand Potential Capacity as Adjusted Need Met Potential a % of Potential Through Demand Potential Demand (minus 5%) Vacancies Demand June 1999 247 19%

16%

235

14 44 58 57%

325 25%

219%

309

19%

26 199 225 23%

18 16 34 33%

709 55%

32%

674

976

102

1,281

76%

1,217

Vacancies as a % of Adjusted Demand

Capacity as a % of Potential Demand

68%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Number of Providers 6 11 17

Total Capacity 68 800 868

Total FT Vacancies 33 61 94

2 0 2

28 0 28

n/a

3 0 3

30 0 30

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 4% Preschool 19% School-Age 5% 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

19%

Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90008 Table A-5

90008 FCC Providers Centers

29 (17 Small) 11 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 26 9 35 370 26% 352 12% 22%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 82 16 98 11%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

127 437 564 64%

47 159 206 69%

451 27%

125%

428

48%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

61 162 223 25%

37 21 58 19%

827 50%

27%

786

885

299

1,648

54%

1,566

19%

All Ages

10%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 22 72 94 6% 24%

Number of Providers 6 6 12

Total Capacity 68 323 391

3 0 3

24 0 24

n/a

5 0 5

36 0 36

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 10% Preschool 48% School-Age 7% 60% 48%

50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

10%

0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90011 Table A-6

90011 FCC Providers Centers

23 (15 Small) 18 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 32 5 808 37 851 8% 26% 19%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 61 7 68 5%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

84 949 1,033 79%

30 28 58 41%

1,151 26%

90%

1,093

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

67 140 207 16%

43 2 45 32%

2,391 54%

2,271

1,308

140

4,393

30%

4,173

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 100 5 105 3% 25%

Number of Providers 20 15 35

Total Capacity 188 924 1,112

2 0 2

22 0 22

n/a

7 0 7

66 0 66

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 5% Preschool 5% School-Age 2% 6% 5%

5% 5%

4% 3%

2% 1% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90015 Table A-7

90015 FCC Providers Centers

0 (0 Small) 3 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 0 2 54 2 57 93% 20% 16%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 0 53 53 33%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

0 108 108 67%

0 8 8 80%

92 26%

117%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

0 0 0 0%

211 59%

200

161

360

45%

342

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 0 10 10 3% 45%

Number of Providers 0 3 3

Total Capacity 0 161 161

0 0 0

n/a

0 0 0

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 4% Preschool 9% School-Age 0% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0%

0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90016 Table A-8

90016 FCC Providers Centers

41 (20 Small) 16 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 36 4 446 40 469 28% 13% 23%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 101 32 133 10%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

191 566 757 57%

57 105 162 53%

520 25%

146%

494

33%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

114 315 429 33%

54 50 104 34%

1,071 52%

40%

1,017

10%

1,319

306

2,060

64%

1,957

16%

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 28 143 171 9% 40%

Number of Providers 9 12 21

Total Capacity 100 730 830

4 0 4

50 0 50

n/a

12 2 14

128 89 217

n/a

11%

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 9% Preschool 33% School-Age 10% 33%

35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%

10%

5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90018 Table A-9

90018 FCC Providers Centers

38 (22 Small) 15 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 40 0 451 40 475 23% 14% 21%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 103 8 111 8%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

153 843 996 73%

61 121 182 66%

605 27%

165%

575

32%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

94 169 263 19%

41 14 55 20%

1,182 52%

22%

1,123

1,370

277

2,262

61%

2,149

13%

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 45 106 151 7% 37%

Number of Providers 12 10 22

Total Capacity 114 724 838

5 0 5

42 0 42

n/a

9 0 9

82 0 82

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 9% Preschool 32% School-Age 5% 35%

32%

30% 25% 20% 15% 10%

9% 5%

5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90037 Table A-10

90037 FCC Providers Centers

24 (16 Small) 11 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 32 6 619 38 652 10% 19% 22%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 54 12 66 8%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

88 472 560 71%

38 67 105 52%

764 26%

73%

726

14%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

64 104 168 21%

39 20 59 29%

1,502 51%

11%

1,427

794

202

2,918

27%

2,772

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 32 58 90 3% 20%

Number of Providers 7 8 15

Total Capacity 68 514 582

2 0 2

22 0 22

n/a

4 0 4

30 0 30

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 6% Preschool 14% School-Age 4% 16%

14%

14% 12% 10% 8%

4% 2% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90043 Table A-11

90043 FCC Providers Centers

63 (33 Small) 18 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 60 25 440 85 463 46% 21% 22%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 157 57 214 12%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

287 895 1,182 66%

72 141 213 51%

560 26%

211%

532

40%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

171 228 399 22%

87 29 116 28%

1,111 52%

36%

1,055

11%

1,795

414

2,134

84%

2,027

20%

All Ages

19%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 20 186 206 10% 34%

Number of Providers 6 9 15

Total Capacity 80 643 723

5 0 5

67 0 67

n/a

19 0 19

188 0 188

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 19% Preschool 40% School-Age 11% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

40%

19% 11%

Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90044 Table A-12

90044 FCC Providers Centers

74 (43 Small) 21 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 86 25 1,180 111 1,242 20% 19% 20%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 181 63 244 12%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

317 1,028 1,345 64%

131 185 316 54%

1,648 27%

82%

1,566

20%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

215 288 503 24%

115 38 153 26%

3,236 53%

16%

3,074

2,092

580

6,126

34%

5,820

10%

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 44 209 253 4% 19%

Number of Providers 10 14 24

Total Capacity 112 1,066 1,178

6 0 6

66 0 66

n/a

25 2 27

232 158 390

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 9% Preschool 20% School-Age 5% 25% 20% 20% 15% 10%

9% 5%

5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90047 Table A-13

90047 FCC Providers Centers

98 (58 Small) 23 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 87 43 556 130 585 58% 16% 22%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 249 90 339 14%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

401 1,186 1,587 65%

141 333 474 57%

691 27%

230%

656

72%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

264 260 524 21%

123 102 225 27%

1,327 51%

39%

1,261

18%

2,450

829

2,603

94%

2,473

34%

All Ages

23%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 19 434 453 18% 47%

Number of Providers 5 15 20

Total Capacity 54 1,164 1,218

9 0 9

74 0 74

n/a

22 3 25

204 162 366

n/a

14%

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 23% Preschool 72% School-Age 18% 80%

72%

70% 60% 50% 40% 30%

23%

18%

20% 10% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90056 Table A-14

90056 FCC Providers Centers

12 (5 Small) 3 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 3 0 21 3 22 159% 18% 28%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 35 0 35 14%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

63 104 167 66%

7 2 9 53%

28 35%

596%

34%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

18 32 50 20%

5 0 5 29%

29 37%

172%

18%

252

319%

23%

All Ages

14%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 5 0 5 7% 63%

Number of Providers 3 1 4

Total Capacity 28 22 50

1 0 1

8 0 8

n/a

10%

5 0 5

50 0 50

n/a

63%

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 14% Preschool 34% School-Age 18% 40%

34%

35% 30% 25% 20% 15%

18% 14%

10% 5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90058 Table A-15

90058 FCC Providers Centers

0 (0 Small) 3 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 0 0 53 0 56 0% 0% 17%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 0 0 0 0%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

0 130 130 62%

0 3 3 100%

85 26%

153%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

0 81 81 38%

0 0 0 0%

184 57%

44%

175

211

325

65%

309

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 0 3 3 1% 65%

Number of Providers 0 3 3

Total Capacity 0 211 211

0 0 0

n/a

0 0 0

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 0% Preschool 4% School-Age 0% 4%

4% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0%

0% Infants

0% Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90059 Table A-16

90059 FCC Providers Centers

21 (13 Small) 13 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 19 2 652 21 686 17% 17% 21%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 48 71 119 12%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

91 669 760 78%

36 43 79 62%

863 27%

88%

820

10%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

62 35 97 10%

27 0 27 21%

1,702 52%

1,617

976

127

3,251

30%

3,088

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 18 38 56 2% 24%

Number of Providers 5 11 16

Total Capacity 54 715 769

5 0 5

46 0 46

n/a

6 0 6

56 0 56

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 3% Preschool 10% School-Age 2% 12% 10%

10% 8% 6% 4%

3% 2%

2% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90061 Table A-17

90061 FCC Providers Centers

16 (9 Small) 12 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 21 0 321 21 338 12% 15% 21%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 42 0 42 5%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

70 630 700 82%

17 74 91 65%

418 26%

167%

397

23%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

46 66 112 13%

28 0 28 20%

826 52%

14%

785

854

140

1,582

54%

1,503

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 4 33 37 2% 37%

Number of Providers 1 9 10

Total Capacity 14 568 582

2 0 2

28 0 28

n/a

5 0 5

44 0 44

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 7% Preschool 23% School-Age 4% 23%

25% 20% 15% 10%

7% 4%

5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90062 Table A-18

90062 FCC Providers Centers

32 (22 Small) 10 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 44 0 328 44 345 25% 16% 21%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 69 18 87 10%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

130 354 484 55%

60 66 126 46%

412 25%

117%

391

32%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

81 236 317 36%

38 65 103 38%

865 53%

37%

822

13%

888

273

1,622

55%

1,541

18%

All Ages

13%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 8 119 127 8% 34%

Number of Providers 4 7 11

Total Capacity 26 530 556

1 0 1

14 0 14

n/a

9 0 9

88 0 88

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 13% Preschool 32% School-Age 13% 32%

35% 30% 25% 20% 15%

13%

10% 5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90247 Table A-19

90247 FCC Providers Centers

30 (16 Small) 9 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 36 2 314 38 331 25% 16% 22%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 78 6 84 9%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

134 476 610 64%

54 51 105 44%

391 27%

156%

371

28%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

88 165 253 27%

48 49 97 40%

752 51%

34%

714

14%

947

240

1,474

64%

1,400

17%

All Ages

12%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 44 71 115 8% 20%

Number of Providers 8 3 11

Total Capacity 84 218 302

3 0 3

30 0 30

n/a

4 1 5

38 94 132

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 12% Preschool 28% School-Age 14% 28%

30% 25% 20% 15%

14%

12%

10% 5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90248 Table A-20

90248 FCC Providers Centers

11 (7 Small) 1 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 8 0 47 8 49 71% 36% 23%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 35 0 35 24%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

44 55 99 67%

8 2 10 45%

57 27%

174%

18%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

13 0 13 9%

4 0 4 18%

104 50%

13%

147

210

70%

200

11%

All Ages

17%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 7 2 9 5% 41%

Number of Providers 3 1 4

Total Capacity 32 55 87

0 0 0

n/a

1 0 1

6 0 6

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 17% Preschool 18% School-Age 4% 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

17%

18%

Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90249 Table A-21

90249 FCC Providers Centers

33 (14 Small) 5 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 39 0 217 39 228 39% 22% 26%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 89 0 89 16%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

154 190 344 60%

55 17 72 41%

240 28%

143%

228

32%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

101 35 136 24%

53 10 63 36%

401 46%

34%

381

17%

569

174

869

65%

826

21%

All Ages

18%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 47 12 59 7% 31%

Number of Providers 10 3 13

Total Capacity 120 150 270

1 0 1

14 0 14

n/a

1 0 1

14 0 14

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 18% Preschool 32% School-Age 17% 35%

32%

30% 25% 20%

18%

17%

15% 10% 5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90250 Table A-22

90250 FCC Providers Centers

64 (38 Small) 15 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 57 10 904 67 952 21% 18% 24%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 163 35 198 12%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

280 823 1,103 68%

108 124 232 62%

1,093 28%

101%

1,038

22%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

165 157 322 20%

65 13 78 21%

1,895 48%

17%

1,800

1,623

377

3,940

41%

3,743

10%

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 96 59 155 4% 22%

Number of Providers 21 12 33

Total Capacity 198 680 878

7 0 7

58 0 58

n/a

16 1 17

150 65 215

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 7% Preschool 22% School-Age 4% 25%

22%

20% 15% 10%

7% 4%

5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90260 Table A-23

90260 FCC Providers Centers

20 (12 Small) 11 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 18 5 225 23 237 24% 26% 20%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 51 5 56 10%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

91 323 414 73%

40 12 52 59%

320 27%

129%

304

17%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

42 58 100 18%

13 0 13 15%

637 53%

16%

605

570

1,194

48%

1,134

All Ages

10%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 22 6 28 2% 34%

Number of Providers 6 7 13

Total Capacity 52 356 408

0 0 0

n/a

6 0 6

64 0 64

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 10% Preschool 17% School-Age 2% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

17%

10%

Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90301 Table A-24

90301 FCC Providers Centers

17 (15 Small) 10 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 13 2 311 15 327 16% 8% 24%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 40 11 51 8%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

67 498 565 86%

15 136 151 83%

368 27%

154%

350

43%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

31 10 41 6%

17 0 17 9%

664 49%

631

657

183

1,359

48%

1,291

14%

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 17 122 139 11% 28%

Number of Providers 7 6 13

Total Capacity 64 313 377

1 0 1

6 0 6

n/a

2 0 2

22 0 22

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 5% Preschool 43% School-Age 3% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

43%

Infants

3% Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90302 Table A-25

90302 FCC Providers Centers

17 (15 Small) 12 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 15 1 296 16 312 22% 8% 22%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 41 29 70 10%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

58 451 509 69%

25 75 100 52%

389 28%

131%

370

27%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

25 129 154 21%

13 62 75 39%

707 50%

22%

672

11%

733

191

1,408

52%

1,338

14%

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 27 25 52 4% 25%

Number of Providers 6 5 11

Total Capacity 48 305 353

0 0 0

n/a

4 0 4

28 0 28

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 5% Preschool 27% School-Age 11% 30%

27%

25% 20% 15% 10%

11% 5%

5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90303 Table A-26

90303 FCC Providers Centers

36 (22 Small) 5 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 32 0 289 32 304 32% 26% 24%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 96 0 96 15%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

156 253 409 66%

52 9 61 50%

319 25%

128%

303

20%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

68 50 118 19%

24 5 29 24%

638 51%

18%

606

623

122

1,261

49%

1,198

10%

All Ages

11%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 17 14 31 3% 16%

Number of Providers 7 3 10

Total Capacity 52 148 200

2 0 2

22 0 22

n/a

11 0 11

98 0 98

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 11% Preschool 20% School-Age 5% 25% 20% 20% 15%

11%

10% 5%

5% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90304 Table A-27

90304 FCC Providers Centers

4 (3 Small) 4 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 7 0 219 7 231 6% 44% 21%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 13 0 13 5%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

11 105 116 45%

6 0 6 38%

297 27%

39%

282

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

8 120 128 50%

3 0 3 19%

559 51%

23%

531

257

1,087

24%

1,033

All Ages

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 10 0 10 1% 23%

Number of Providers 3 4 7

Total Capacity 24 225 249

2 0 2

20 0 20

n/a

2 0 2

20 0 20

n/a

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 3% Preschool 2% School-Age 1% 4%

3% 3%

2% 2% 1%

1% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998

Appendix 90305 Table A-28

90305 FCC Providers Centers

25 (15 Small) 8 Licensed Supply

Age of Child Infants

Preschool

School-Age

Potential TANF Demand Capacity as Adjusted Potential a % of Potential Demand Potential Demand Total FT Vacancies June 1999 Demand (minus 5%) 28 6 98 34 103 79% 27% 24%

Potential Need Met Through Vacancies

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

Total Capacity 69 12 81 11%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

101 360 461 60%

30 38 68 53%

128 30%

360%

122

56%

FCC Center Total % of All Ages

49 172 221 29%

26 0 26 20%

198 46%

112%

188

14%

763

128

429

178%

408

31%

All Ages

35%

Special Licensed Supply Characteristics

Characteristic Spanish-Speaking FCC Center Total Special Schedule 24 Hours (Night) FCC Center Total Special Schedule Weekends FCC Center Total

Vacancies Capacity as a % of as a % of Potential Adjusted Total FT Demand Vacancies Demand 5 39 44 11% 93%

Number of Providers 2 5 7

Total Capacity 20 380 400

2 0 2

26 0 26

n/a

5 1 6

58 60 118

n/a

28%

Potential Need Met through Current Infants Licensed Vacancies 35% Preschool 56% School-Age 14% 56%

60% 50% 40%

35%

30% 20%

14%

10% 0% Infants

Preschool Age Group

School-Age

June 1998