Ecological Symbiosis : Nature and Architecture Symbiosis by UCSI_SABE_MArch

Ecological Symbiosis: Nature and architecture symbiosis UCSI l SABE

Lu Yung Shen 1002058071

Issue Statement

Climate change in architecture is not a new topic in the city or around the world nowadays. But according to UN in 2021 report the climate change issue still does not solve at nowadays even though the is not a new topic in architecture industrial. This is due to the population growth and economic of the country the development of high-rise, mixed use development is become more and more, the land for the nature and wildlife become less and less. Therefore, the hard surfacing in the city increase cause no space for the soft surface or nature space also create the heat island effect and flooding issue in the city, because that had no soft element in the city to absorb the heat and water. Material also one of the issue that cause the city facing the heat island effect, because in the city nowadays glass are become common material used on the architecture façade, according to “Fundamentally it’s reflection,” Chris Shepherd of the Institute of Physics told the BBC, the glass reflect almost 100% of the light and heat from the sun. According to the Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) on India 40% of global energy consumption is related to building, 50% of global green house effect are also related to the building and construction, 50% of building material are come from nature, and more than 50% of national waste are also come from the building related activity. Therefore, to study the ecological symbiosis between architecture and environment is important, it will help to improve the living environment, increase the nature environment space for the wildlife and reduce the impact to the climate change, will the nature environment also heal the mental health issue – WHO.

Population & Development Base on the research the population of the world is increasing in the uncontrollable speed every years, this cause the city development become more and more to provide more habitat space to human, which mean the nature space will be take off and replace with the grey element.

Reference from Grant, Garry book launching

Land The space for human habitat increase the land of nature become limited in the city area. Which mean the habitat of the wildlife also become limited. The hard surface of the city increase also cause the heat be track in the city. Therefore, on the experiment city always having the height temperature.

Reference from Grant, Garry book launching

Temperature According to NASA’s scientific record on every 10 years, global warming issue have become more serious, the temperature is increasing every year. This is become of human taking off the nature space and replace it will the cool and grey surface habitat to suit for the population grow.

Climate Change According to the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) ,due to the population increase and development increase the nature space become less and less, the temperature of out planet become more higher cause the climate change the amount of nature disaster hitting to the city or country also increase. Although Malaysia is the country didn’t have four season and stay on equatorial the type of disaster is less compared to other country, but still can’t avoid the amount of nature disaster increase, this can be clearly to refer on the Malaysia Plan on the flood prevent and repair costing. The costing showing on the table of flood mitigation expenditure in Malaysia by DID is increasing on every Malaysia Plan.

Case Study 1 – Eco skyscrapers and Eco mimesis : New Tall Building Typologies. According to Ken Yeang the tall building should be part of the nature element, because the tall building is the large and bigger element standing on the smaller site and will be standing over a long year, and Ken Yeang also mention that the tall building will be built prolifically, particularly to meet the demand of the urban and city growth as same as our research on above the city development become more and more to make more habitat for the human. Due to the unstoppable tall building construction, Ken Yeang thoughts the building must be balance the environment and architecture, the architecture should not just take out the greener should help to increasing the greener amount of the original amount on the land, the building also need to response to the climate such as using the solar energy, rainwater harvesting to reducing the impact to the environment. Ken Yeang also thought that the ecological system can help to reducing the energy use of the building such as the pocket garden can provide shading and allow cross ventilation to the building and the rainwater harvesting can reducing the freshwater usage.

Water Usage •

290 - 300 liters per person per days (MWA)

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165 liters per person per days (UN)

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844,000,000 of person has no access to clean water (UN)

Reference from Ken Yeang New tall building typologies

Case Study 2 – Chulalongkorn Centennial Park Bangkok is the main city of our neighbor country Thailand, which is also a tropical country same with us, due to the climate change Bangkok is sinking, the city is sinking more that one centimeter every year and Bangkok is one of the hotter city in Asia. Response to the climate change cause the flood issue and high temperature in the city the Thai landscape architect Kotchakorn Voraakhom said that we are too much in the building. Therefore, the building design always focusing on our own without care much on the nature. she speaks. “I think it’s very necessary for us, as urbanists, to have places where we can reconnect to our nature, to Mother Earth. Just to see the sky.” So, in the project of Chulalongkorn Centennial Park the Thai landscape architect are connecting back the nature environment with the resident to increase the greener in the city and create the ecological system. In she design strategies she create a garden slopy roof connect back to the ground garden park to full utilize the flat roof and the garden park can help to reducing the temperature of the city at the same time the park helping absorb the rainwater to reduce the flood issue, and retention pond to care up to 100 million of gallon of water.

Reference from https://ideas.ted.com/when-bangkok-floods-and-it-floods-a-lot-this-park-does-something-amazing/

Case Study 3 – INTEGRATED WATER AND WIND AS BUILDING COOLING STRATEGY IN THE TROPICS In this thesis the student is study on project in Johor Malaysia how to using and harvesting nature element to cooling the building and improve the building performance and energy use to create a sustainable architecture. In the design thesis the student is study on the water and wind because water and wind is the common nature element that can be found in Malaysia climate and can use to cooling the building. In his design strategies he using the butterfly slopy roof to allow the rainwater fall and harvesting using the building form to collect the cross ventilation to cooling the building also create chimney system to allow the heat gain on south create high temperature of air pressure to forces the wind flow though the building space and out from the chimney.

Reference from MUHAMAD SYAHMI BIN MOHD NOR

Question •

Why architecture had the strengths and play the important roles in ecological symbiosis design strategies ?

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How to utilized the nature element on the building performance and energy use?

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How does ecological symbiosis idea benefit to the community and wildlife?

Objective •

Create balance between architecture and nature environment to archive ecological symbiosis goal base on the spatial planning and design strategies. Such as free more ground space to the environment and

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Increase the building performance and minimizing the energy use will taken the advantage from the nature element, such as wind, plantation and water body.

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An approach towards a health environment to the community and wildlife.

In this thesis will focusing on the ecological symbiosis to create balance between architecture and nature environment.

Thesis Statement

Study Nature, Love Nature, Stay Closer to Nature. It Will Not Fail You. By Frank Lloyd Wright

Site analysis

Site intro Lot number : 7 & 22 Land size : 12.03 acre Land use : Commercial Land

Source : GIS RT MPKJ Selangor 2035

MPKJ Plan •

According to the student of UKM study on the MPKJ planning. MPKJ has planning to create Kajang as a sustainability city .

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Inside the article mention MPKJ has target few of the strategies to archive the goal. But the most important is to prevent the flooding issue in car area and the car flow.

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And the goal is also referred to the SDG goal by UN.

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Also change the city to a mix development city to reduce the people travel for work.

Reference from Department of Statistics Malaysia

Issue 1 : Population Grow According to the department of statistics Malaysia the population of Kajang is increase in the unexpected speed, the estimation of the department is expected the population will raise to 260, 693 on 2020, but looking on the real survey the population already archive more than 240,000 on 2015, which mean the population of 2020 will be more than the estimation base on the raise speed and the high-rise development will also be increase the nature space been taking off.

Reference from Department of Statistics Malaysia

Reference from Grant, Garry book launching Reference from Local measures to mitigate the urban heat island effect in hot and humid climate

Issue 2 : Development increase According to the construction activity increase nowadays, in order to archive the demand of population raise the high-rise is coming in to Kajang area, at the same time the increase of construction activity increase will also help to increase the economic of Kajang, this also mean that the high-rise construction will build in particularly in Kajang. As the study on above, the high-rise and hard surface coming into the city will also increasing the city heat. Therefore, to prevent this issue at the new development city the construction should be make balance between architecture and nature to archive the ecological symbiosis concept also archive the MPKJ sustainable goal, because to archive sustainable goal the city must be fair to nature also. Reference from Grant, Garry book launching

Issue 2 : Plot Ratio

Issue 4 : Climate Change and Land Limited Due to the increase of population the nature and been taking off from the city and turn to become hard surface, the habitat for the wildlife is limited, the wildlife been force to move from a place to another space or resting on top of the lamppost. And base on the Kajang flood issue coming back, also reflect the land change, the city hard surface increase have made the climate change.

Kajang Flood Timeline

100K

250K 150K

2.1M

150K

350K

Building Typology – Shophouse

Site Context & Activity

Nature

Site Context & Activity People fishing in nature

Kampung

Site Context & Activity Shophouse

Shophouse

Complex

Shophouse

Residential

Shophouse

Site Context & Activity Shophouse

Stadium

MRT station

Selected site frontage

Police station

Shophouse

Sun orientation

Wind Flow and Speed Police station

Symbiosis Nature is the common natural resource given by the mother of earth, the greenery provide the fresh air and comfortable environment to us and wildlife, but due to the city develop and the man make disaster had destroying the environment, cause the climate change, sea level increase and high-rise become the most common element in the city make no space for the wildlife and nature. The Plantation and habitat of the wildlife had been taking down and turn into the grey and cool building. In this artwork depicts the architecture can become like a steppingstone to shape the city are symbiosis with the nature. The artwork adopts the idea of 2 world design idea to represent two type of future, living with nature and living with the cool city. Therefore, in the artwork also combining the factory element and high rise to represent man make disaster at the same time also represent architecture can be one of the elements in the city to create space for the nature environment and increase the nature space. The blue line surrounds the architecture is depicts the water can store on the architecture become part of it and create shading and heat filter to the spaces. In the artwork also represent living with the environment can make human happen and health, because nature space will let human want to having outdoor activity compared to the cool city people will only wanted to stay alone in home.

Master Planning

Planning Strategies

Existing site and Context The existing site is a brown fill site and surrounding by the green, and cut though by the MRT railway, the site also located at the surrounding with shophouses, Kampung and 50% of the site boundary is surrounded by Sungai Langat.

VS Average 12 people visit the shop per month.

Average 16 people visit the shop per month.

Average 8 people visit the shop per month.

+ 30%

Source : TFL 2014

Planning Based on the intention of the thesis topic and the concept of ecological symbiosis, after understanding the site context and site analysis. According to Ken Yeang mention to create an ecological symbiosis planning 1st the building should create the opportunity to increase the amount of nature and trying to free the ground to the public as much as possible. Therefore, in the bubble diagram showing the site will be plan to have a large green zone in the site and along with the river, because the 1st thing people will look at the ecological symbiosis design is the greenery of the planning, the large in this site also help to connect the surrounding, increase the space for fishing activity on the location at the same time also become like a buff zone to kampung and my commercial zone, According to the research Transport for London (TFL) the garden can increase the outdoor activity will increase the business of the site. In the planning also pushing the service and main use road to the share boundary with RTM trying to reduce the vehicle disturb on the green zone.

Building Plinth and Program Location After understanding about the site the building plinth had been located at the site close to the RTM share boundary to leave more space and buff zone to the kampung in between the commercial space, at the same time the large building plinth and tower will be place at the back site closer to the river which the Soho more privacy also keep a distance to the MRT railway to avoid creating the heat island issue in between the railway and the tower also keep the Soho away from the MRT sound pollution. For the office will be located at the back of the site and at the top of the commercial to keep the office semi public.

Planning Strategies

SOHO Tower

1st planning

3 story Office & 3 story commercial at bottom

Carpark Podium and Office

The existing site is a brown fill site and surrounding by the green, and cut though by the MRT railway, the site also located at the surrounding with shophouses, Kampung and 50% of the site boundary is surrounded by Sungai Langat and that had a lot of people will fishing along the river during the evening and morning.

Green zone

Lower down the front commercial block Pushing down the front commercial block down to 3 story high to keep the same high with the surrounding shophouses, pushing down the commercial block also archive as mention of the diagram before to avoid the building creating the heat island issue in-between the building and railway. After pushing down the building will lower than the MRT railway high so that can keep the clearance to the railway will not look compact beside the railway way. The MRT passing though at the front of the site, it giving an opportunity to create a plaza at the front part of the site keep the commercial further away from the main road and allow some activity space to connecting the both site commercial.

Planning Strategies

1st planning The existing site is a brown fill site and surrounding by the green, and cut though by the MRT railway, the site also located at the surrounding with shophouses, Kampung and 50% of the site boundary is surrounded by Sungai Langat and that had a lot of people will fishing along the river during the evening and morning. Shophouses

Shophouses

Breaking and Pasting After pushing down the commercial block which mean the office on top of the commercial had been taken off. Therefore, to adding back some space for office at the back to increase back some office footprint, add the space at the back also have a clear zoning for the overall, the office now is stay at the back of site, front is only for commercial, and top is for the SOHO. Add the space in between the commercial block and office block also create a link and connection to the commercial and office zone, connecting the office and commercial block also create a wind tunnel on below. The commercial block also be break to 2 block to create a wind flow tunnel allow the wind from the garden flow to the back lane and also create a connectivity to the front and back.

Planning Strategies

Source : De Architekten Cie

Edge smoother After study on the form with the wind reaction, the building edge had been making smoother and curve surface to allow the wind flow, move smooth on the building surface to make cooling effect on the façade to reduce some heat to the internal space. The curve surface and smoother edge also reducing wind block by the building surface to allow more wind flow trough the site. The stronger wind is coming from the front part of the site which Northeast direction. Therefore, lower down the front commercial block also allow more wind can flow to the back of site compared to the tower blocking at the front.

Planning Strategies

Tower Strategies The typical tower in nowadays is always using the center corridor layout, which is most of the time the sunlight and wind can be passing into the tower. Therefore, the artifice light and mechanical ventilation will be always needed in this type of layout at all time. So, to make the tower more efficiency on energy and reduce the impact to the environment, in the planning of the tower had been using the center void planning also enlarge the gab between both side of the tower to create a wind tunnel allow the wind flow to the corridor and allow the sunlight come in from the center void. The gab also open facing to the annual wind flow direction to catch as much wind as possible.

Simulation Option 1 Base on the simulation showing the curve surface and curve edge it allow the wind pass smoothly on the building layout, but the wind tunnel in the simulation showing does know function as expectation to make the wind flow on that direction. On the tower the wind are just flow on the façade did not flow into the center wind tunnel to make windy to the corridor.

Simulation Option 2 After the simulation showing on the option 1, the center wind tunnel of the tower does know catch the wind because the wind had been pushing to the both side. Therefore, base in the simulation result on option 1 the tower plan had been changed to had large gab at the start point to catch as much wind as possible to allow the wind flow in between the tower. and the ground floor wind tunnel also not control the wind flow though the wind tunnel had been design, so in order to control the wind flow though the wind tunnel, the direct of the commercial break had been changing to catch the wind from the back lane and flow to the wind tunnel to control 1 direct of the wind to avoid the wind spread. Base on simulation on the revise showing, the wind tunnel for the tower and ground have catch more wind compared to the 1st option. The wind had been more forces to flow on expectation direction.

Planning Strategies

Source : Popular Science

Source : CGTN News

Active Design In order to make the building more friendly to the nature and reduce the impact to the nature, building façade is also one of the consideration had to be take care on it. Look on the city develop nowadays most of the building in the city are using glass on the building façade especial on the high-rise or mega architecture. According to the experiment by Chris Shepherd of the Institute of Physics, A concrete or brick surface diffuses light. Only 10 or 20 percent of the beam of light that hits the building gets reflected, and that light scatters in all directions. By contrast, a glass surface can reflect almost 100 percent of the sunlight that hits it.(Chris Shepherd,2013) The glass is not only create the heat island effect it also a killer of the bird, that had 100million to a billion of bird die on US by hitting the glass façade (Charlotte Mcdonald,2013), Therefore, the building is abording a layer of other façade to reduce the reflect of heat and light, also reducing the heat to the internal space.

Piping Discharge to Tower Storage Tank. 4

Piping frame that allow the water flow on the netting facade Piping discharge the heat water or collected water to the rainwater & reusable water tank.

Discharge to watering greenery and toilet use..

2 1

Normal time

5 Piping to extract water from river 1. Sedimentation Tank using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. 2. Filtration Tank 3. Discharger Tank and Pumping 4. Storage Tank 5. Rainwater & reusable water harvesting Tank

After Fill up by water, it will become a layer of water wall to block the heat from the sun, according to the study the water only reflect 50-60% of the sun to the surrounding which mean the surround will be color and bird will easier notice that had a wall Infront of it.

After 1 year the netting will be cover by the moss to create another type of façade to the building, at the same time the moss will also help to collect the water vapor during the night easier and provide more oxygen compared to tree.

Case study Water Façade system 1 : Building With water : New Standards of Sustainable architecture In this article showing that based on the experiment and the research, water is the more common nature element that can get it easy. Example like making a water pool or water fall with the architecture can make the environment cooler at the same time it showing if the water can be applied on the façade, the water can help to control the temperature inside and blocking the direct sun from the external to the internal, become like a nature heat block wall to the building.

Case study Water Façade system 2 : Water-filled windows project in Taiwan In this water filled windows project case study showing the water filled in between the double glazing can help to reducing the heat to the internal space to allow the internal space more comfortable. The system is run automatic with the pumping system to changing the water when it get heat by the sun. Compare to the air conditioning system usage energy this water façade cooling system use energy is 72% lesser than the air conditioning system.

Case study Water Façade system 3 In this proposal study showing that using the building to generate the crystallized salt on the building façade. The proposal using the piping system to suck up the sea water under the ground and pump it grow a long on the building façade and filled up the sea water on the façade with the netting system to using the sun to evaporate the sea water and getting the crystalized salt.

Moss Study A mobile wall of moss, measuring around 3.5 meters (about 3.8 yards), which they claim can clean as much urban air as 275 mature trees. (Company of Green city Solution,2019)

SOA Commercial = 16,184.42 sqm Office = 31,520.40 sqm Soho = 99,651.48 sqm Green zone = 47,801.83 sqm Hall & Lobby = 5,992.51 sqm Plaza = 8,795.82 sqm Service = 770 sqm Site = 48,683.683 sqm

Overall form showing the architecture is cover by the nature and increasing the original plantation amount of the land.

Perspective from opposite fishing zone.

Perspective from front road.

Section 1

Soho Complex

Soho

MRT Railway

Passive system

River Langat

Drop-off zone and Wind tunnel

Breaking point for wind flow on ground level commercia.

Section 2

Soho

MRT Station

Kampung Service and main road

River Langat

RTM Station Office Commercial