Drumchapel | Drumchapel Valley | Strategy

Booklet no.9

Group 4: 'UXPFKDSHO 9DOOH\

November 2017

Stage: Strategy Group members: Lisa Irvine Pilar Aramburu Mrunal Navandar Keith Luke Ngalazu Phiri

Department of Architecture University of Strathclyde Glasgow strath.ac.uk/engineering/architecture/ PgDip/MArch Advanced Architectural Design (AAD) MArch Architectural Design International (MADi) PgDip/MSc Urban Design

CONTENTS

1. Existing Analysis

4-33

2. Proposed Plans

34-71

3. Strategies

72-75

Booklet no.5: Network analysis of streets

1. Introduction In 2017, Glasgow Housing Association asked the University of Strathclyde’s Urban Design Studio to develop a new ‘vision’ for Drumchapel, and strategic principals that could potentially be used as a model for further regeneration schemes around the City of Glasgow.

The purpose of the Strategy for Drumchapel is to LGHQWLI\ EDVHG RQ WKH ÂżQGLQJV RI WKH SUHYLRXV $QDO\VLV phase, ‘Strategic Programmes’ for the development and management of transformation within the Drumchapel site area, also taking into account its surroundings.

The Strategic Programmes are based on a combined understanding of the issues facing Drumchapel, both physical and social, in terms of the site’s existing strengths, weaknesses, constraints and opportunities.

These Strategic Programmes are based broadly on the following aspects of urban design: • Nodes • Road Hierarchy and Transportation • Densities • Ecological/Green Networks Each project member gained site knowledge during the Analysis phase relating to one of the key study aspects, which included ‘Drawing the existing place’, ‘History and stories’, ‘Planning framework; and ‘Experiencing the study area’. This depth of knowledge together with the experience of the project members in the professional areas of architecture, planning, housing and community engagement allowed the members to undertake the required research, concept development and graphic representation. We all developed the research and text. Pilar and Lisa primarily developed the graphics. All members developed the concepts and strategies.

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This booklet, aims to fully explain the proposed strategy for Group 1 in successfully evolving Drumchapel into a more desirable place for residents and its visitors. Following on from in depth research of Drumchapel, we have proposed possible strategy solutions for the area. This will be enhanced and developed further in the next phase of work; Framework and Coding.

Drumchapel

BORDERED BY THE ANTONINE WALL

STRONG SENSE OF COMMUNITY

IN THE SHADOW OF A SCULPTURAL WATER TOWER

EXCELLENT VIEWS TO LOCH LOMOND

MANY PARKS AND GREEN SPACES

A WELL USED ‘DISTRICT CENTRE’

EXCELLENT HERITAGE WALKING LOOP AROUND DRUMCHAPELS BORDER

SOME AREAS OF NEW, MODERN, HIGH QUALITY HOUSING

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Booklet no.5: Network analysis of streets

1. Existing

Site Strengths Positive site attributes

6

Drumchapel

7

Booklet no.5: Network analysis of streets

1. Existing

Site Strengths

Strength

Explanation

Existing Connectivity Infrastructure Great Western Road Direct railway link Proposed railway link Wide, underused roads

• The existing train line which runs along the southern fringe of Drumchapel provides a train connection which reaches the city centre within 20 minutes • Once on Great Western Road, by car it is possible to access the city centre within 40 minutes • Within the CDP, a new train station is proposed within close proximity of Drumchapels existing town centre. If this station materializes, as we propose it should, then this station would add passing trade to the existing town centre and would be more accessible to Drumchapels residents in a more prominent and accessible location

Room for Improvement

• The biggest advantage Drumchapel has is that there is room for improvement. It has land, and the schools have capacity, to accommodate new pupils • The area has great assets in the form of land, both EURZQ¿HOG DQG JUHHQ EHOW 7KH DUHD ZDV DWWUDFWLYH WR GHYHORSHUV DQG LQYHVWRUV EHIRUH WKH ¿QDQFLDO FUDVK in 2008 and that will remain the case. Government schemes to support private developers/investors have LQFUHDVHG VLQFH WKH ¿QDQFLDO FUDVK

Active and Strong Communities

• Lack of mobility and economic adversity has created an especially strong sense of local identity and territoriality. In the views of the locals the area should be revitalised and not liquidated.

• There is a steering community in place to implement these policies which is consulting with various stakeholders in the area • There are many community groups who should be incorporated in the design development of a masterplan for Drumchapel. The process of empowering individuals to change their enviroment enhances their sense of belonging within Drumchapel and could reduce further depopulation

Amenities

• Despite the fact that the amenity spread throughout the site is uneven, overall, the area is quite well served in terms of sports pitches, tennis and basketball courts, playparks, a skatepark and a pleasant 5km nature walking route • There are many fast food outlets and the ‘district centre’ is soon to have an Aldi

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Drumchapel

Incorporation Potential Enhancing Connectivity to existing network by - adding direct road connections from areas with existing labyrinthine road network to main circular route (Linkwood Dr, Kinfauns Dr) - enhancing connections to periphery areas from main road network in Drumchapel

Self Build encouraged through Plot passports

Adding Cycle Paths, SUDS, attractive street lighting to existing streets to make streets pleasanter and to encourage walking and cycling as transport methods

Stimulating developer interest by incremental improvement of areas and through shared risk developer/ authority partnerships

2໤HU ODQG FKHDSO\ WR ROG DJH housing providers. Sites with leafy green backdrops are attractive locations for old age housing provision

Spreading out existing amenities more evenly throughout site

Encouraging entrepreneurs to occupy vacant units

Community consultation and community led design will lead to real life problems being solved / the formation of a more robust, real life strategy

Greater density will attract providers to move into current amenity deserts

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Booklet no.5: Network analysis of streets

1. Existing

Site Strengths

Strength

Explanation

Potential to build a Green Network and activate existing green spaces

• The area is surrounded by high quality green areas and dense woodlands • The canal is close to the south west corner of the site. It is home to a variety of interesting water species • The high levels of biodiversity, varied habitats and open greenspace could be exploited to create robust leisure and learning resources. • A more robust green network link to the canal would encourage greater use of the cycle path which runs straight into Glasgow’s city centre • An excellent walking route which incorporates heritage aspects runs around the site • Areas of land near the route, in the north west corner IDFLQJ WKH YLHZV FRXOG EH PDUNHWHG WR ORFDO EXVLQHVVHV perhaps a yurt campsite or a hotel could be successful in this area. Tourism is a growth industry in Glasgow (Business Insider, 2017). • Hillier regions in the North West section of the site could accommodate mountain biking facilities, and the woody areas could become paint balling sites or tough mudder adventure courses ‡ $UHDV SURQH WR Ă€RRGLQJ FRXOG LQFRUSRUDWH 68'6 infrastructure (J. Brearley, Q. Fang, 2011) • Green networks have the potential to accommodate renewable energy resources. ‘Localizing and exposing such infrastructure can bring awareness of the eco-footprint of the local district and, by extension, the eco-footprint of the individual’. (J. Brearley, Q. Fang, 2011)

Vacant Land

• Great swathes of vacant land provide ample location for the realisation of new homes • Low land value introduces opportunity for vacant sites to be used to provide cheap self build or local authority housing

Amenities

10

• There are a number of sporting leisure amenities, a VNDWHSDUN SOD\LQJ ¿HOGV FRXUWV SLWFKHV DQG SDUNV • Where the quality of the leisure amenity is high, connections to these should be reinforced

Drumchapel

Incorporation Potential Canal Connection

Mountain Bike Facilities

Renewable Energy Sites

Yurt Campsite

SUDS

Paintballing

Allotments

Productive Land

Housing supply

Housing built around existing parks and amenities, overlooking them and increasing the safety of the area, encouraging greater use

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Booklet no.5: Network analysis of streets

1. Existing Site Strengths Strength

Explanation

Vacant units

• There are at least 10 vacant units within Drumchapel in various areas. The highest concentration of units is in the north western corner of the site, within the KCGDE site 7KH XQLWV FRXOG EH UH SXUSRVHG DQG R໤HUHG UHQW IUHH to artists or entrepreneurs to spur the growth of enterprise / be renovated to supply housing

Sheltered housing

• There are three sheltered housing facilities in Drumchapel. Adding public spaces near these which could be easily accessed by the elderly residents could encourage intergenerational activity within Drumchapel

Heritage assets and Existing Landmarks

• There are a few existing landmarks in Drumchapel, - the historic site of Garscadden House and the accompanying established trees that laird Garscadden planted many years ago - the water tower (landmark atop hill) - the Roman Antonine wall - the Bluebell woods - where Garscadden house use to lie • These places unique to Drumchapel should be well connected to the Green network and road network • There sites should be highlighted and celebrated and there is the potential to market cultural assets to attract visitors and enhance tourism in the area

Potential interest in self-build

• The relatively low incomes of many of Drumchapels inhabitants, as evidenced by the high levels of poverty incidence, combined with predominance of socially rented properties in the area, suggests population who may struggle to get on the property ladder in the conventional manner, therefore there may be interest from groups to create cheaper dwellings through self build initiatives

Primary school capacity

7KHUH DUH XQ¿OOHG SODFHV LQ ERWK WKH SULPDU\ DQG VHFondary schools, a potentially attractive propect if the quality of the schools improves

Topography

• There are a number of sites on high points of the Drumlins which look out to excellent views. Building in these areas should be prioritised, as should the area which looks into the valley wher Garscadden burn lies

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Drumchapel

Incorporation Potential Units occupied by artists/ entrepreneurs

Transformed into housing

Renewable Energy Manufacturing / Recycling centres

Leafy sheltered housing

Landmark sites delineated The examples show landmarks delineated by lawns

Self build

Bath

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1. Existing Site Weaknesses

Recognised Issues and Threats to Development

14

15

1. Existing Site Weaknesses

Weakness

16

Explanation

Isolated Communities with Poor Access to Amenity

‡ +LJK FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI UHVRXUFHV LQ VSHFL¿F DUHDV and poor scattering of local resources such as quality shops in neighbourhood areas, result in particular areas deprived of amenity within walking distance • Areas 9,56,70,222 and 1679 have no resource (shops, food outlets etc) within walking distance of their centres, which exacerbates the already high levels of deprivation in these locations

Lack of Connectivity

• Vacant spaces disconnect areas of housing sprawl, meaning distances between areas are great and involve journeys through large, unattractive and potentially unsafe areas • Oversized blocks in the residential areas are only connected to the main roads by a few points, causing a lack of permeability between house and transport network

Lack of Density

• Relatively low density in the housing regions results in decreased viability for shops and services to settle in these areas • The low density means houses are relatively far away IURP RQH DQRWKHU VRPHWLPHV VHW LQ SORWV R໤ WKH VWUHHW reducing closeness to neighbours and potentially reducing social interaction within communities • Large empty spaces between the houses are eyeVRUHV DQG EHFRPH ORFDWLRQV RI Ă€\ WLSSLQJ HWF ZKLFK reduces quality of place

Lack of Quality Amenity

• The amenities throughout Drumchapel are realtively poor - there are too many cheap takeaways and too few fresh food shops in local neighbourhoods, making healthy living a harder task • There are too many bookies, one which lies in too prominent a location in the existing main node. There is also an abundance of large retailers selling homeware. • The lack of original, small scale retailers means the central area is relatively bland and undestinguishable from other retail areas around Glasgow

Mitigation

Building communal spaces in the centres of existing areas

*URXQG ÀRRU UHQRYDWLRQ RI large blocks to improve permeability

,Q¿OO KRXVLQJ RQ YDFDQW VLWHV

Dense neighbourhoods

Encouraging local entrepreneurs / community initiatives to set up shop

The people’s supermarket

17

1. Existing Site Weaknesses

Weakness

18

Explanation

Poor Quality Aesthetic of Existing Housing

• Ribbon blocks throughout the estate are not only aesthetically compromised, they are also poorly laid out with entrances (public realm) of one block on one side of the street overlooked by the private realm of the other block facing it. The tension between the public and private realms results in a confused street character • Other residential areas contain poor quality housing composed of bland, monotone facades, pale rendering, cheap windows with lack of front garden planting or coloured paving • Land in front of the blocks is generally communal, and in some areas this leads to them being poorly PDLQWDLQHG DQG QRW UHVSHFWHG DQG LQFLGHQFHV RI À\ tipping etc

Large Blocks

• Large blocks without connections through are connectivity barriers • The large blocks are solely residential and clusters of these large blocks result in no mix of uses / monotonous environments with only housing and greater distances to travel to shops and social places • The blocks have no communal spaces, reducing the liklihood of a presence of strong, supportive communities within them

Vacant Units

• Vacant units are unkept and blights on the visual quality of the environments they are within

Coal Mines

• Sites of old coal mines increase liklihood of building subsidence, and so areas over old coal mines should be left undeveloped

Aeroplane Noise

6LWH LV LQ WKH ÀLJKW SDWK RI *ODVJRZ DLUSRUW

Poor Schools

• The schools within Drumchapel perform very badly in local league tables.

“Local residents may take over a vacant lot and develop it as a passive park or community garden.

These community controlled projects have become permanent parts of the open spaces of neighbourhoods, forming an alternative park system designed built and managed by those who use them” Bowman, 2004 Mitigation

Facade renovation Painting Renovation of the interiors of poorly designed fabric 5H¿W RI VKHOO Planting communal gardens Food growing initiatives in leftover space ,QFUHDVLQJ JURXQG ÀRRU SHUPHDELOLW\

“Concerns over the quality of schools (Pheonix, mid 1990’s) (along with other factors) limited the DSSHDO RI LQ¿OO´ Bowman, 2004

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1. Existing Site Weaknesses Weakness

20

Explanation

Poor Aesthetic in Existing District Node

• The existing central area is extremely run down, with too many vacant units, shoddy shop signs, a lack of planting, too much paving and a lack of street furniture

Distance to Access Public Transport

• The train station currently situated on the southern boundary of the site, tucked away in a corner is inaccessible to most of the residents on the site

Poor Soil Quality

• Areas of poor soil quality largely present throughout the site require buildings of three storeys to have special piling and foundations

Areas of High Deprivation

• Some of the most deprived areas in Scotland lie within Drumchapels borders. More opportunities must be created for those living within these areas

Lack of Jobs

• Few local amenities result in few local jobs. Most have to travel outwith Drumchapel to their work via a labyrinthine transport network. The time consuming nature of getting around may discourage certain individuals from working. Business growth, start ups, HGXFDWLRQ ZKLFK GLYHUVL¿HV VNLOOV QHHGV WR EH SURYLGHG for all in Drumchapel to thrive and to lift people out of poverty • Existing industry and jobs must be retained and the wealth of spare land in Drumchapel should be used to attract new industries and additional job suppliers to the area

8QGH¿QHG (GJHV $ORQJ 9DFDQW 6LWHV

• Too much empty land lies in Drumchapel and roads along and through these areas are unenclosed, unoverlooked and unsafe as a result.

They also decrease quality of place and give those wandering through them a psychological feeling of travelling through ‘nowhere’, potentially triggering fears of threat, isolation and unrootedness

Mitigation

Condensing existing centre into a smaller space and extending centre with a new high street along the edge of the Garscadden Burn valley, where pedestrians will be given priority

9DFDQW VLWHV DQG XQGH¿QHG HGJHV

Train station is hidden away up a lane to the very south of the site

The delapidated town centre

Creating Streets

Good example of a ‘street’ - an enclosed, leafy pedestrian friendly enviroment

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1. Existing Nodes

Only two existing nodes are located in Drumchapel.

7KH H[LVWLQJ WRZQ FHQWUH LV WKH ODUJHVW QRGH D GLVWULFW node, and the collection of activity surrounding the junction between Drumchapel road and Garscadden URDG LV WKH VHFRQG QRGH D µORFDO¶ QRGH Both nodes are poor quality. The town centre possesses large swathes of vacant space to the west of the main buildings within it.

7KH SXEOLF UHDOP LV XQDWWUDFWLYH WKHUH DUH WRR IHZ

trees and benches, green swathes and instead a dominance of grey paved surface. The path network from the shopping centre to the park is non existent, and it should be celebrated.

The quality and diversity of shops within the town centre is also poor.

The second ‘local node’ is also ugly. It has no central core, such as a small town square or high street frontage enclosure. Shops, pubs, dentists and churches are scattered relatively haphazardly around a main transport artery - Garscadden Rd. The quality of the current nodes is discussed below.

TOWN CENTRE NODE

LOCAL NODE

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1. Existing Major Node The Town Centre

2. Existing Local Node Garscadden Rd

UGLY SHOPFRONTS

RAILINGS / EXCESSIVE HARD SURFACE

RAILINGS / SLOPES = BARRIERS EMPTINESS LACK OF CENTRAL HEART

HIGHLY VISIBLE, UNSECURED PARKING

LACK OF GREENERY

POOR QUALITY COMMUNITY BUILDINGS

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1. Existing

ar

Location of Existing Nodes and Existing Densities

of site a un e s er

1

ve

d by n o

de s

2

0m

400m

800m

Presently, we have established no more than two nodes within Drumchapel. Despite a number of resource clusters, the ‘would be’ nodes present in the northern part of the site fail to possess the diversity of amenities and spatial and social energy that legitimisie their charaterization as ‘nodes’ (http://www.laboratoriorapu.it/ LPU_sito/download/Materiali_Papers/02b_08.03.26_Lynch-anthology.pdf). This circumstance, combined with numerous access barriers, such as steep topography, unattractive street paths and disconnected green network, means a handful of neighbourhoods possess limited ability to locally IXOÂżO WKHLU QHHGV DQG DOVR ODFN D VHQVH RI FHQWUDOLW\ 7KH ODFN RI a central, local area where inhabitants can carry out their daily tasks contributes towards increased car usership, poorer health outcomes than expected and potential ghettoization of neighbourhoods

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1. Existing

Location of Existing Nodes and Existing Densities

1 2

Very low density - Less than 11 dw/ha 0m 400m 800m Low density - 11-22 dw/ha Medium density - 23-100 dw/ha High density - Greater than 100 dw/ha KWWSV ZZZ VD JRY DX BBGDWD DVVHWV SGIBÂżOH 8QGHUVWDQGLQJBUHVLGHQWLDOBGHQVLWLHVBKDQGERRN SGI

There is little residential density surrounding the current ‘nodes’.

There is limited residential density surrounding the town centre node, industrial, community and commercial uses surround it.

The density around the node on Drumchapel road is very low.

To function sucessfully as nodes, one expects a mix of uses around nodes, including many dwellings to give custom to support the costs of running the local amenities and to make the transport link viable.

5HVLGHQWLDO DUHDV QHHG JRRG DFFHVV WR D ORFDO QRGH VR RFFXSpants can buy their shopping and access a transport link.

The majority of housing density is situated in the north of the site, far from the local train station.

7KLV SURYHV GL໥FXOWLHV IRU WKRVH OLYLQJ LQ WKHVH DUHDV

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1. Existing

Existing Nodes and Existing Densities

1. Town Centre

1. Strengths and Opportunities

$ WRZQ FHQWUH QRGH ZDV LGHQWL多HG E\ UHVLGHQWV DQG students during the Urban Design Analysis stage. The node is located in the area around Kinfauns Drive to the north of Drumry Road East and Garscadden Road and includes the town shopping centre, health and public facilities and Drumchapel Park.

$QDO\VLV RI WKH VLWH KDV LGHQWL多HG D UDQJH RI VWUHQJWKV and opportunities, which are noted below. The site is currently recognised as an established urban node and focal point by residents. This provides the opportunity to develop the strong existing perception and improve the quality of the built environment and services in the area.

It has become run down in recent years, and parts of it knocked down, and it has little night time economy, with no restaurants and only one bar present. The consequences of the new Aldi close-by are soon to be felt in the area and the town centre grocers will have to compete harder for commerce.

To mitigate any negative economic impacts and to continue to attract custom, it is recommended that the WRZQ FHQWUH GLYHUVL多HV DQG WKDW WKH ORFDWLRQ LV PDUketed to entrepreneurs, to encourage unique shops to relocate to the area, which contrast with the current mainly high street shops which exist there at present.

This would make the town centre more unique and likely to attract more visitors, and visitors from outwith Drumchapel also.

The node also needs to be infused with character. Creating a dominant and high quality central space within its core, which includes street trees, sculpture and street games would increase its popularity. Involving locals in its design and decoration is encouraged.

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The relative proximity of the site to the existing railway line provides the potential for good access to the area from around the city of Glasgow. A potential new UDLOZD\ VWDWLRQ DV LGHQWL多HG LQ *ODVJRZ &LW\ &RXQFLO City Development Plan (CDP) policy CDP11 Sustainable Transport (Potential Rail Station) provides further opportunity to strengthen direct links to the area by rail.

The area is also designated in the CDP for town centre and economic development under the following CPD policies: -CDP3 Economic Development (Economic Development Area) -CDP4 Network of Centres (Local Town Centre) The area contains some existing building stock, which are modern and well maintained and could be incorporated in an improved town centre node. These include: -Drumchapel Health Centre -Drumchapel Police Station

1. Existing

Current Amenity Spread

1

2

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1. Existing

Existing Nodes and Existing Densities 1. Weaknesses and Threats

1. Place Standard assessment

$QDO\VLV RI WKH VLWH KDV LGHQWL¿HG D UDQJH RI weaknesses and threats, which are noted below. The area contains low quality and poorly maintained building stock, including those in the existing town shopping centre.

The Place Standard tool provides a framework to consider and assess physical and social aspects of a place. The assessment technique uses a rating system from 1 (lowest quality) to 7 (highest quality) to assess fourteen key aspects of urban place. The existing strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats for the node area have been assessed and summarised using the Place Standard method. The results of this assessment are summarised below.

There is poor safety and security within the area, which relates to the high number of youth meeting there due to few facilities elsewhere in the settlement. Low density building around Drumchapel Park and few occupied buildings in the evening also result in a reduction in overlooking of the park and an increase in anti-social behaviour and safety concerns in the evening.

The area does not have a strong identity or sense of place and contains vacant land, empty premises and industrial buildings.

Moving around / Rating: 2 Limited routes for walking and cycling.

No Pedestrian priority.

Unobservable route links which are unsafe and unattractive.

Some routes inaccessible to wheelchair and buggy users.

Public transport / Rating: 4 Public transport services frequent, routes are limited. It is safe and easy to use. Bus stops located in convenient places.

Train station not located near centre. Public transport not D໤RUGDEOH WR HQWLUH SRSXODWLRQ 9HKLFOHV UHODWLYHO\ ZHOO PDLQtained.

7UD໥F DQG SDUNLQJ 5DWLQJ 9HKLFXODU SULRULW\ 7UD໥F D໤HFWV VLWH SHUPHDELOLW\ DQG GHcreases noise and air quality. Limited safe, secure parking.

7UD໥F FDOPLQJ PHDVXUHV QRW XVHG $YHUDJH TXDQWLW\ RI FDUV DQG WUD໥F LQ WKH DUHD Streets and spaces / Rating: 2 Poor quality buildings. Few landmarks, public squares or natural features. Empty buildings and vacant land. No wayfaring aids. Poorly lit at night.

Natural space / Rating: 4 /LPLWHG YDULHW\ RI QDWXUDO VSDFHV 1DWXUDO VSDFHV DUH D໤HFWed by excessive noise at night.

Play and recreation / Rating: 4 Spaces and facilities are accessible and relatively well maintained. Little feeling of safety within spaces at night.

Facilities and amenities / Rating: 2 Limited range of facilities and amenities to meet a variety of needs for learning, health, shopping and relaxation. Variable degree of quality and maintenance.

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Work and local economy / Rating: 3 /LPLWHG ORFDO HFRQRP\ WR FUHDWH GL໤HUHQW NLQGV RI MREV Limited opportunities for people to gain skills for work such as education, training and volunteering. Limited job opportunities for local people. Limited local services to help SHRSOH ¿QG DQG NHHS ZRUN 6SDFH IRU ORFDO EXVLQHVVHV WR start up and grow.

Housing and community / Rating: 3 Limited range of good-quality housing available for GL໤HUHQW VL]HV RI KRXVHKROG /LPLWHG UDQJH RI KRXVLQJ WHQDQFLHV WR PHHW GL໤HUHQW QHHGV RI SHRSOH Social interaction / Rating: 3 Limited spaces to provide opportunities for people to meet.

Identity and belonging / Rating: 2 People do not view the place positively. History, heritage and culture of the place is not celebrated. Some involvement from local groups to help people feel involved positively in their community.

Feeling safe / Rating: 2 Routes unsafe at night. Spaces are not overlooked by buildings that are well used. Empty properties and anti-social behaviour.

Care and maintenance / Rating: 3 Public spaces and public property moderately well maintained. Litter. Limited recycling facilities. ,QÀXHQFH DQG VHQVH RI FRQWURO 5DWLQJ Local community groups allow people to get involved.

Health services and housing associations work with the community.

2. Garscadden / Drumchapel Rd Location The area is located around Drumchapel Road and Garscadden Road in the south of the settlement.

Strengths and Opportunities There are presently a number of commercial and community facilities around the centre of the area including cafes, restaurants, small businesses, shops, dental practice, Drumchapel St. Andrew’s Church and St. Benedict’s RC Church.

To the west of the area there is a range of further larger facilities and businesses.

The area is located near the existing railway station and Drumchapel Road which provide good transportation options and connections to Drumchapel and other Glasgow districts.

Weaknesses and Threats Density development within the area is low at under 30 dwellings per hectare. The area also contains industrial development which creates a barrier to permeability and movement. Local nodes should be given a facelift; they have no character, too much monotone paving and a lack RI ODQGPDUNV VXFK DV VFXOSWXUHV ÀRZHUV DQG GLVWLQFWLYH VKRS IURQWV ZKLFK JLYH GH¿QLWLRQ WR the areas.

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1. Existing Street Network

4 1

4

4

2

3

A ring route runs around the site which connnects most residential areas to a robust transport artery which connects relatively directly to the A82.

Areas in areas 1, 2 and 3 show labirinthyne neighbourhood road networks full of cul de sacs etc that make the journey out of Drumchapel more convuluted and time consuming Our street network proposal includes new roads which connect such areas to the main road loop (marked 4) The settlement is well connected to the A82 Great Western Road and has a direct rail link to Glasgow and many other locations in west and central Scotland. The town is within easy reach of Loch Lomond & Trossachs and on a trunk road leading to the western Highlands. There is a regular train service to and from Glasgow city centre. A proposed railway station LV LGHQWLÂżHG LQ WKH *ODVJRZ &LW\ &RXQFLO &LW\ 'HYHORSPHQW 3ODQ (2017). There is also a network of wide and underused roads throughout the town.

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Major Road A82 / Rapid, high volume and speed vehicular route Main / Most used transport artery within Drumchapel Less major transport artery within Drumchapel Neighbourhood streets

There are opportunities to improve movement and access throughout the area. Bridges over burns are also required to connect districts. New streets and paths are required to better connect the districts.

The existing train station and main road connect well with Glasgow but from within the site, getting to those means of infrastructure is convoluted.

There is an opportunity to mobilise the population and improve health by providing cheap and sustainable means of transport which are pleasant and healthy.

1. Existing Green Network Location A number of parks and recreation spaces are located throughout the settlement. A network of paths currently exists around the western and northern edges of the town and the Forth and Clyde Canal is located to the south of the town.

Strengths and Opportunities There is an existing network of paths and routes including those through the Cleddans Burn, Garscadden Wood West, Garscadden Wood East, Garscadden Burn Park and Colquhoun Park.

The Drumry route runs through the Cleddans Burn area which is a 1km path near the water tower structure in the west of the settlement.

The Witches Way route runs through the Garscadden Wood West area and is located in the north of the settlement near the Antonine Wall World Heritage Site. The route is 1.1km in length and passes through woodland containing a variety of native Scottish species such as silver birch and hawthorn.

The Bluebell Trail runs for a distance of 1.2km through Garscadden Wood East in the north of the settlement and is also near the Antonine Wall. The area is known ORFDOO\ DV WKH %OXHEHOO :RRGV DV WKHVH ÀRZHUV DUH abundant in the summer months. The route also contains ancient woodland and the Antonine Wall wooden bench.

7KH :LOGĂ€RZHU :DQGHU URXWH LV ORFDWHG LQ *DUVFDGGHQ Burn Park and runs for 1.2km through the park and adjacent to the burn.

-Garscadden Burn Park City Wide Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC) -Cleddans Burn -Garscadden Burn Park Local Nature Reserve -Garscadden Wood West and East Ancient Woodland -Garscadden Wood West Weaknesses and Threats The existing routes around and within the settlement are not fully connected which creates barriers to movement. Several green spaces within the town are not strongly connected to the network of paths.

The Garscadden Burn acts as a barrier to movement in a north-south direction.

In addition to the existing paths and routes there is also a range of existing recreation and park facilities including football pitches and Drumchapel Park.

The Forth and Clyde Canal is located south of the settlement and provides direct pedestrian and cycle access to Old Drumchapel, Clydebank and Glasgow city centre.

Several natural features in and around the settlement are designated for their environmental and natural heritage quality and importance. These include: Sites of Special Landscape Importance -Cleddans Burn -Garscadden Wood West -Garscadden Wood East

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1. Existing Concept Plan

32

33

2. Proposal

Introduction to our Strategy Three Main Aims Drumchapel is a fractured place, the result of zoning strategies and a continued lack of developer interest in the vacant sites that lie in Drumchapel presently.

Gap sites in Drumchapel planned to be developed once upon a time, which would have enhanced sense RI ZKROHQHVV KRZHYHU WKH ¿QDQFLDO FUDVK LQ D໤HFWHG WKHVH SODQV DQG GHYHORSHU LQWHUHVW VLQFH LQ the gap sites which litter Drumchapel has dwindled.

Depopulation is now in motion, and people are leavLQJ 'UXPFKDSHO IRU D OLIH ÂżOOHG ZLWK PRUH RSSRUWXQLW\ elsewhere. The dwindling number of the working age demographic is most worrying, as they to a certain extent, spend the most money, and support the local economy within Drumchapel.

We feel one of the main problems with Drumchapel currently is its sense of placelessness due to its isolation from Glasgow city centre, due to a hidden away train link which currently lies to the south of the site and due to the many vacant sites.

Therefore, our strategy mainly entails supporting the councils proposal to move the train station closer to the FLW\ FHQWUH DV ZHOO DV WKH LQÂżOO RI WKH PDQ\ YDFDQW JDS sites.

1. Connecting Drumchapel We propose to connect Drumchapel, to open up currently isolated and insular areas to the existing road network, and to add more roads to service these areas.

Certain areas within Drumchapel have a high level of deprivation apparent within them. These areas are also more isolated, islands almost, surrounded by vast swathes of vacant land. The journey from these places is long and convoluted to access the existing town centre.

The new highstreet proposed, which runs along the valley, overlooking the park and the Garscadden burn, much like the character of Lansdown crescent in Bath, will connect the area with the highest incidence of poverty in a direct way with the town centre and with the proposed and existing train stations.

Furthermore, green spines running vertically and in north west to south-west and through this highstreet will connect the rest of Drumchapel with this new place. +RXVLQJ ,QÂżOO The second part of the strategy mainly involves the LQÂżOO RI KRXVLQJ LQWR YDFDQW JDS VLWHV ,QLWLDOO\ ZH DLP for individuals to buy plots along the existing road infrastructure adjacent to the currently vacant sites, in ÂżUVW SKDVH KRXVLQJ LQÂżOO 7KLV DLP LV PDLQO\ WR UHGXFH

34

WKH VHQVH RI SODFHOHVVQHVV \RX ÂżQG LQ GUXPFKDSHO DW present, as a result of travelling through an abundance of divisive large empty gap sites scattered throughout the areas of existing housing. $IWHU LQLWLDO LQÂżOO DORQJ WKH SORWV ZH KRSH WKDW WKH image of drumchapel will be improved so much, with a greater wholeness of place, that developers may become interested in developing the interior plots / packages of vacant land.

3. Green Network Thirdly we aim to create a green network, which connects every part of Drumchapel, especially with the new high street and to the nature loop which runs around the whole site. This green network will hopefully encourage cycling and walking and a more outdoor life style in general. • Make it habitable: In the early days of Drumchapel housing scheme there were few amenities and travel was restricted as the bus service to the city operated at only half-hourly intervals. People had to travel to Glasgow to pay the rents for their houses, or if they wanted to shop or socialise, as there were neither shops nor public houses. The Shopping Centre was not completed until the early 1960s.

We aim to create high quality infrastructure, add housing to the existing gap sites and create a network of services and green spaces all linked with robust road connections and green pathways. • More connected streets and green network: Provision of substantial areas for open space and greenways ensuring connectivity and walk-ability. Within each residential block, there will be green space to provide for a healthy living environment for residents. The aim is to FRQQHFW VWUHHWV DQG JUHHQ QHWZRUNV WR GL໤HUHQW QRGHV • Connect Residential areas with a robust travel network: Several housing areas are disjointed from one another and the commercial areas. Many busy arterial roads divide and isolate blocks from one another. It is important that each block is connected and accessible to other blocks, and that they are linked to commercial areas without having to use a car. We aim to encourage walkability with many green, leafy pathways. • ,QÂżOO YDFDQW VLWHV To develop housing for the peo-

Âł'HYHORSHUV RI LQÂżOO FRXOG TXDOLI\ IRU D VHULHV RI LQFHQWLYHV including expedited review of plans, mitigation of ‘red WDSHÂś DQG JUDQWLQJ RI ÂżQDQFLDO VZHHWHQHUV VXFK DV IHH waivers, to encourage developmentâ€?

Bowman, 2004 &RXOG WKHVH EHQH¿WV EH R໤HUHG WR VHOI EXLOGHUV"

‡ ,Q¿OO YDFDQW VLWHV 7R GHYHORS KRXVLQJ IRU WKH SHRSOH in Drumchapel in vacant sites which contains green spaces which are connected with the housing blocks.

• Connected to rest of Glasgow • Adding character: The main aim behind the development of Drumchapel is to give a place a character DQG WR PDNH LW GH¿QDEOH WKURXJK IDFDGH UHQRYDWLRQV high quality new buildings, public spaces and street art.

Creating landmarks and enhancing existing high quality fabric in Drumchapel is important. • Improve neighbourhood centres and to create community hearts • Our vision in three words: To make Drumchapel – Vibrant, Ecologically focussed and more Diverse.

HOUSING INFILL

CONNECTIVITY

• Create jobs through skill development: A high proportion of people in Drumchapel are unemployed. It is an aim to enhance employability and to enhance job opportunities and spur economic development within Drumchapel, and connect the network of economic centres with robust connections to central Glasgow opportunities. There are more young people in Drumchapel than in other region. Of the total 16-24 year old population, 61.7% were economically active, which is lower than the comparable national rate for the 16-24 year old population. As at November 2015, there were 180 Jobs Seekers Allowance/Out of Work Universal Credit claimants in Drumchapel/Anniesland aged 1624. This equates to 5.2% of the 16-24 population in Drumchapel/Anniesland which is 53% higher than the overall Glasgow city level (3.4%).The self-built aspect which is next to the education centres will help people

to develop their job skills. Adding density will hopefully encourage more facilities to come to Drumchapel, providing further job opportunities. Connecting Drumchapel better to the train station will also enable people to travel to work more easily.

Rethinking Materplanning : Creating Quality Places, 2017

35

2. Proposed Concept Plan

36

CONCEPT MAP:

Nodes

Parks Green nature Higher density Strong network connection Gateways Antonine link Road network density New central roads Green connectivity Connections to Green path Green movement Existing path Proposed link path Development and learning of sustainable technologies (electric vehicles)

Development and learning of sustainable horticulture

Development and learning of agriculture

Green open areas

Hiking areas

Ciclying routes

Burn

Play areas

Large stores

Bridge

Industry

37

5

ANTONINE WALL POTENTIAL FOR CAMPSITES / RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

Antonine wall attraction and green route marketing attempts to attract visitors and tourists to the area

VHOI EXLOG LQ¿OO RQ JDS VLWHV

2

EDUCATION NODE GREEN NETWORK PATH FROM HIGHSTREET RUNS THROUGH THIS NODE AND FOLLOWS ON TO THE A NTONINE WALL VIA CONTINUED GREEN NETWORK PATH ANTONINE VISTOR CENTRE AND ALLOTMENTS / SELF BUILD

hi

gh

w

Ne

Highstreet on high topography c to area of high deprivation with centre t o v e r l ook ee ing r val st

1

TOWN CENTR MIXED USE FABRIC HIGHSTREET ALONG RELATIONSHIP WIT VIEWS OVER PARK HIGHSTREET WALKING BRIDGE A CONNECTS TO DRUM STATION

Signs and wayfaring aids for easy access to highstreet from train station

3

NEW RAILWAY STATION WITH PUBLIC SQUARE IN FRONT ROBUST GREEN NETWORK AND ROAD CONNECTIONS FROM HERE INTO DRUMCHAPEL AND TO NODE 4 EQUALLING EASE OF TOURIST PASSAGE TO ANTONINE WALL, THROUGH THE HIGHSTREET WAYFARING AIDS BEGIN HERE

38

G

re

en

“Higher density apartment buildings are located towards the town centre, with lower rise family housing and maisonettes to the south” Estate Regeneration, Urban Design Guide, Issue 143

ne

tw

or

k

2.Proposal

Axonometric of Proposal

l oo

p

connects resource

ley

3

SMALL LOCAL CENTRE VACANT UNITS OFFERED TO STARTUPS AND ENTREPRENEURS AT A CHEAP RENTAL RATE NEW MEWS HOUSING IN GAP SITES SURROUNDING THE CENTRE

RE NODE

G VALLEY AND A TH THE PARK FROM NEW

ACROSS VALLEY MCHAPEL TRAIN

Concept study of highstreet proposal Empty heart

No connections between neighbourhoods

No views No use of its centrality

Closed valley

39

2. Proposed

Nodes and Densities Phase 1 (within 15 years, incremental)

Density and Node Strategy Our strategy proposes measures to ensure a more even distribution of nodes (celebrated, active central spaces) throughout the site, so that each neighbourhood area becomes within walking distance of the basic facilities they

0m

400m

800m

NODES Phase 1:

Local Node

District Node

Area of influence Medium density High density Node center

40

2. Proposed

Nodes and Densities Phase 2 (within 50 years)

Fringes 5-30 dwellings per hectare

High density 60-125 dwellings per hectare Medium Density 60-80 dwellings per hectare

require and a place of distinct character.

This strategy goes hand in hand with the increase in housing density that we propose. Without increased residential density, the strategy to create local nodes is not viable. Retail and service providers are unlikely to be interested in using the new retail spaces within the new proposed local nodes if potential for a high level of custom does not exist.

Therefore, the maps above show an incremental increase in density around more evenly site distributed proposed local nodes.

0m

400m

800m

NODES Phase 2:

Local Node

Expansion of District Node (Phase 2)

Area of influence Medium density High density Node center

Key to our strategy is to connect all nodes robustly with one another with an interconnected green network and road transport system, aswell as to the train station and to the bus network.

41

2. Proposed

Nodes and Densities Phase 1 showing all uses

A

C B

0m

400m

800m

As evident, the masterplan evolves incrementally. The approach in phase 1 is to ÂżUVW LQFUHDVH GHQVLW\ DURXQG existing places of activity and to transform them through the addition of developer driven housing development and accompanying section 75 contributions.

Phase 2 involves the joining up of density created in areas denoted a and b, to create a road along the valley overlooking it, creating a new central heart within Drumchape which connects area denoted c with the central resources.

42

2. Proposed

Nodes and Densities Phase 2 showing all uses

A

NEW

C

B

HIGHSTREET

0m

400m

800m

Area C is one of the most problematic areas / areas with the highest levels of deprivation within Drumchapel, and is currently extremely isolated. Connecting area C will give inhabitants in this area enhanced access to the train station and access to more opportunities.

Creating a high street along the edge overORRNLQJ WKH YDOOH\ ZRUNV ZHOO LQ WHUPV RI ÀDW topography along this edge, encouraging walkability in this new central zone.

43

2. Proposed Nodes

3

SMALL LOCAL CENTRE VACANT UNITS OFFERED TO STARTUPS AND ENTREPRENEURS AT A CHEAP RENTAL RATE NEW MEWS HOUSING IN GAP SITES SURROUNDING THE CENTRE

2 LANDMARK BUILDING AS NODE LIES AT AN IMPORTANT GATEWAY JUNCTION INTO DRUMCHAPEL MAIN INFILL WILL BE FLAT BLOCKS ALONG EDGE GOING NORTH, WITH SHOPS AND SERVICES ON GROUND FLOOR

8 NEW RAILWAY STATION WITH

PUBLIC SQUARE IN FRONT ROBUST GREEN NETWORK AND ROAD CONNECTIONS FROM HERE INTO DRUMCHAPEL AND TO NODE 4 EQUALLING EASE OF TOURIST PASSAGE TO ANTONINE WALL, THROUGH THE HIGHSTREET WAYFARING AIDS BEGIN HERE

44

NEW 1

TOWN CE MIXED U HIGHSTR RELATIO VIEWS O HIGHSTR WALKING CONNECT STATION

4

EDUCATION NODE GREEN NETWORK PATH FROM HIGHSTREET RUNS THROUGH THIS NODE AND FOLLOWS ON TO THE ANTONINE WALL VIA CONTINUED GREEN NETWORK PATH ANTONINE VISTOR CENTRE AND ALLOTMENTS / SELF BUILD CENTRE ARE LOCATED HERE NEXT TO SCHOOLS

5

NEW PUBLIC SQUARE IN CENTRE ENCLOSED BY 4 STOREY TERRACED HOUSING CONNECTED TO NEW CENTRAL HEART ALONG NEW HIGHSTREET

W H IG ET E HSTR

ENTRE NODE USE FABRIC REET ALONG VALLEY AND A ONSHIP WITH THE PARK OVER PARK FROM NEW REET G BRIDGE ACROSS VALLEY TS TO DRUMCHAPEL TRAIN N

7

EXISTING RAILWAY STATION NODE WILL BE LINKED TO THE NEW HIGHSTREET MORE ROBUSTLY

6

CO-OP HOUSING SITE NEAR CANAL WITH FOOTBRIDGE OVER THE RAILWAY TO ACCESS CANAL ROUTE, WHICH LEADS INTO THE CITY CENTRE FROM DRUMCHAPEL UNPERTUBED BY VEHICULAR TRANSPORT. PUBLIC SPACE TO BE LOCATED HERE NEXT TO AN ENVISIONED PARK CAFE

45

2. Proposed Nodes

Strengthening Nodes A series of new strong and connected nodes are proposed in Drumchapel to provide structure to the phased and long-term successful development of the settlement. The nodes will create a compact urban area with a range of density as well as clear district neighbourhoods. The VWUDWHJ\ UHÀHFWV NH\ JXLGDQFH UHODWLQJ WR XUEDQ development as outlined by the document Towards an Urban Renaissance (DETR Urban Task Force, 1999).

A series of connected and hierarchical nodes are proposed throughout the settlement area during the Phase 1 development. The proposal includes the improvement and development of existing nodes as well as the creation of new nodes.

A high rate of density development is proposed which includes areas of high density of more than 100 dwellings per hectare in the centre of the nodes leading to areas of medium density of 30-100 dwellings per hectare toward the edge of the nodes.

The proposed series of mixed-use nodes include: -Town Centre Node and Railway Node -Antonine Road Node -The Hill Node -Education, Employment and Residential Node -Scheme 1 Node -Eco-Community Local Node -Drumchapel Road Node The nodes are addressed in more detail below with regard to issues such as location, proposed development, density, potential stakeholders, case studies, planning policy compliance and potential standard of place.

Vision of new highstreet overlooking park

Town Centre Node and Railway Node (Denoted 1 and 8) Location Two connected nodes in the south and centre of the settlement between the existing railway line to the existing town centre.

The area includes the section of Duntreath Avenue between the railway line and the Drumry Road East/ Garscadden Road roundabout. Current development along this stretch of road includes: -Bonded warehouses -Industrial buildings -Retail – Aldi The area also includes the stretch of Kinfauns Drive in the town centre between the roundabout and Drumchapel Park. Current development, facilities and services in this area include: -Drumry House (old peoples home) -Drumchapel Health Centre -Drumchapel Shopping Centre Proposal A new railway node and improved town centre node is proposed, which builds on the strengths and opportunities of the existing site and place and addresses the weaknesses and threats. The proposal will include high density, mixed use development which is arranged in a ¿QH XUEDQ JUDLQ RI EORFNV WKDW JURZV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH changing needs of the town. ,QFUHPHQWDO JURZWK RI WKH DUHD ZLOO EH SXUVXHG WR R໤HU PD[LPXP ÀH[LELOLW\ RI VSDFH DQG SUHPLVHV LQ WKH ORQJ term. This development model will allow smaller areas to be owned by many rather than one single developer owning the majority of the area. This will encourage WKH VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH DUHD WKURXJK ÀH[Lbility and adaptability and avoid the potential failure of the entire site. Proposed smaller units will also allow change to take place easier in line with changing dePDQG RU HFRQRPLF DQG ¿QDQFLDO VLWXDWLRQV The proposed nodes will be connected to a series of local nodes within the settlement by a robust network of cycle and pedestrian paths and tracks as well as an improved network of streets.

Phase 1 of the node developments will include the linear element connecting the proposed new railway station with an improved town centre. The centre will consist of a redeveloped urban block. The linear element will incorporate public realm improvements along Duntreath Avenue from the new railway station to the town centre. This will include a local square at the railway station, which will create a sense of place and identity and provide an important introduction to the settlement of Drumchapel. The pedestrian experience

46

2. Proposed Nodes

along Duntreath Avenue will be improved and include new paving and tree planting as well as wider ZDONZD\V WR DOORZ VDIH DQG H໥FLHQW PRYHPHQW RI SHdestrians and cyclists from the railway station square to the town centre.

The town centre urban block element of the node will include existing facilities, which are currently well maintained and architecturally interesting, such as the Drumchapel Police Station and Drumchapel Health Centre.

The development will also incorporate a range of new facilities in the urban block to create a distinct and vibrant destination. Proposed facilities include: -Cinema complex, including restaurants -Retail -High density housing 2໥FH DFFRPPRGDWLRQ -Public and health facilities including library, employment centre and health care centre The proposed town centre urban block will create a destination which is distinct, safe, well-used throughout the day, includes continuous ground level activity, easy to move around and contains a variety of amenities and facilities.

Development density will be more than 100 dwellings

per hectare along the Kinfauns Drive route and to the west of the road in the town centre.

Improved public realm and street standards are proposed throughout the area and this will be achieved through a variety of measures: -Consistent use of materials -Simple palette of durable materials arranged to emphasise the hierarchy of movement -Footways in paving slabs -High quality materials in key locations, including railway station square and town centre square 6KDUHG VSDFH DV SDUW RI WUD໥F PDQDJHPHQW SODQ -Distinguishable cycle lanes -Bicycle parking for visitors and residents -Remove unnecessary street furniture -Consolidate street poles and signs to declutter the street &OHDU ZD\¿QGLQJ DQG GLUHFWLRQDO VLJQDJH LQFOXGLQJ destinations and distances in time -Provide community and retail information -Frequent seating and waste bins -Tree planting and vegetation to combine with a settlement wide green network -Recycling and refuse facilities Stakeholders A range of stakeholders and groups will be involved in the design and development of the town centre node.

Key stakeholders include: Edrington, Glasgow City Council, Glasgow Housing Association, Local community groups, National Health Service (NHS) Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Network Rail Police Scotland, ScotRail, Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT), Sustrans

Vision along new highstreet

Potential street furniture and town centre uses

47

2. Proposed Nodes

$FWLYH JURXQG ÀRRU XVHV Street trees and SUDS beds

Variety in road paving/ Pedestrian priority

Public art and benches Flowers

Proposed new town centre / mixed use opposite existing Drumchapel park

Case Study Case Study – Craigmillar Urban Design Framework, Edinburgh, Scotland Craigmillar is a residential area on the edge of Edinburgh which was built from 1930 to address problems in the city related to slum housing. Initially the area housed 25,000 people and local employment was available in mines and breweries. When the economy declined from 1970 the population fell to 17,000 in 1971 and 7,800 in 2001.

The Craigmillar Urban Design Framework set out a plan for the development of the area through improvement of existing buildings and utilisation of vacant land. A Joint Venture Company (PARC Craigmillar Ltd) was created to drive the proposed regeneration and deliver a business plan and delivery programme.

7KH \HDU UHJHQHUDWLRQ SURJUDPPH DLPHG WR GHYHORS QHZ KRPHV VFKRROV D QHZ WRZQ FHQWUH ZLWK UHWDLO OHLVXUH DQG R໥FH VSDFH community facilities by 2018. The aim is also to increase the population to 15,000 residents and create around 6,000 jobs.

The Craigmillar Urban Design Framework supports the following key principles: -Small street blocks, in some cases with new business facilities accommodated within the street block form 6WUHHW IURQWDJHV ZLWK JURXQG ÀRRU GRRUV DQG ZLQGRZV DQG GLUHFW DFFHVV WR individual properties from the street -Well-designed boundaries -Enough space to meet the needs of the residents $ PL[WXUH RI KRXVHV DQG ÀDWV RI YDU\LQJ VL]HV

48

2. Proposed Nodes

Creating Places (2013) and Designing Streets (2010) are policy statements for architecture, place, urban design and street design in Scotland. The statements establish the six key qualities of successful places. The design of the proposed node aims to meet the six qualities and compliance is summarised below.

Distinctive The proposed new town centre node and railway node aims to create a place which is distinctive through the development of a strong and integrated block structure DQG ¿QH JUDLQ XUEDQ IRUP ZKLFK LQFOXGHV ODQGPDUN buildings and vistas that assist orientation and navigation in the area.

Streets are proposed which are distinctive in character and integrated in the local context, which meet the requirements and impact of pedestrians, cycles and vehicles.

Materials are proposed which respond to relevant elements of the local and historic context.

Safe and pleasant The proposal will provide an inclusive built environment, providing for all people regardless of age or ability. The street user hierarchy aims to prioritise the movement of pedestrians and cyclists above private motor vehicles. The proposal aims to achieve appropriDWH WUD໥F VSHHG WR OHYHOV WKDW DUH DSSURSULDWH IRU WKH context and deliver a safe high street and town centre environment.

Signs and street markings will be kept to a minimum and street lighting will be discreet but provide adequate illumination. Street furniture will be located for PD[LPXP EHQH¿W DQG WR UHGXFH SHGHVWULDQ REVWUXFWLRQ The proposal aims to create a safe and pleasant built and natural environment where spaces and buildings are occupied throughout the day and evening and parks and squares such as Drumchapel Park and Garscadden Burn Park are overlooked.

way station and associated square, as well as bus stops in key locations.

Junctions will be improved to suit the context and urban form and to meet the needs of pedestrians.

Welcoming The proposed node developments will provide a focal point to the overall settlement and the key entry point to the settlement by rail and bus. The railway station square will provide and open and attractive space to welcome people to the settlement. The improved streets throughout the node will allow walkable access to district and local amenities for all street users. The proposed streets and squares will also improve and encourage social interaction.

Adaptable The proposal aims to establish a framework to create the built environment of the district node which promotes phased and adaptable development. InFUHPHQWDO JURZWK RI WKH DUHD ZLOO EH SXUVXHG WR R໤HU PD[LPXP ÀH[LELOLW\ RI VSDFH DQG SUHPLVHV LQ WKH ORQJ term. A variety of buildings will be adaptable to allow IRU GL໤HUHQW IXWXUH XVHV

The proposal will be integrated with the surrounding street network WR SURYLGH ÀH[LELOLW\ DQG DFFRPPRGDWH FKDQJHV LQ WKH EXLOW DQG VRFLDO environments. The proposal aims to integrate vehicle parking to lessen visual impact.

5HVRXUFH H໥FLHQW

Buildings and open space within the proposed district node will be orientated where possible to maximise HQYLURQPHQWDO EHQH¿WV 7KH GHYHORSPHQW ZLOO LQFRUSRrate appropriate drainage systems and accommodate services and utilities.

Street and square design will integrate natural landscape features and foster positive biodiversity. Building materials will be distinctive, easy maintained and durable to appeal visually within the context of the node and settlement.

Easy to move around The proposal will provide a town centre node and railway node which will be a focal point and entry point for the entire settlement. The nodes will be connected to a series of local nodes through a hierarchical network of roads, paths, cycle paths and green routes and spaces.

The street design within the nodes will provide connectivity for all modes of movement and for all groups of street users. Public transport will be integrated within the node with the development of a proposed new rail-

49

2. Proposed Nodes

Education, Employment and Residential Node (Denoted 4) Location An improved and expanded local node is proposed in the north of the settlement around the junction of Peel Glen Road and Kinfauns Drive. Current built development, facilities and services in this location include: -Drumchapel High School and sports pitch -St. Clare’s Primary School and sports pitch -Langfaulds Primary School and sports pitch -Drumchapel Community Centre -Drumchapel St. Mark’s Church -Drumchapel Orange Halls -Funeral care buildings The location includes a series of local roads, which are connected to Kinfauns Drive. These are Cally Avenue, Invercanny Drive and Airgold Drive.

Strengths and Opportunities $QDO\VLV RI WKH DUHD KDV LGHQWL¿HG D UDQJH RI VWUHQJWKV and opportunities, which are noted below.

The area is located south of the historic Antonine Wall structure, which is designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Three key points along the wall are located near the proposed node: -Cleddans – high ground west of Cleddans Farmhouse and site of Roman fort.

-Hutcheson Hill – ditch/ hollow crossing the hill north of Cleddans Road.

-Castlehill – on east slope of hill and site of Roman fort.

An established green network is located north of the proposed node, which includes: -Garscadden Wood West -Garscadden Wood East -Network of paths and tracks through the woods An area of land with potential for high quality agricultural development is located within the proposed node.

Weaknesses and Threats $QDO\VLV RI WKH DUHD KDV DOVR LGHQWL¿HG D YDULHW\ RI weaknesses and threats, which are noted below.

The area does not currently have a strong identity or sense of place and contains large areas of vacant land as well as empty buildings. These include: -Vacant former Police Station at Kinfauns Drive -Vacant land between Airgold Drive and Invercanny Drive -Vacant land between Drumchapel High School and Linkwood Drive Proposal The proposal aims to develop the area as an education, community, housing and employment node, which will maintain the existing school and community facilities and provide a range of additional built facilities as noted below: -Housing -Community buildings -Antonine Wall visitor and interpretation centre -Agricultural education and training centre -Horticulture education and training centre -Adult education, skills and training centre Land within the proposed node will also be utilised for the following purposes: -Agricultural land -Allotments -Farmers market space -Improved connection to existing green network -Connections to proposed new green network *UHHQ VSDFH LQFOXGLQJ ZLOGÀRZHU PHDGRZV -Urban squares New routes are proposed within the node which will provide improved connections to Kinfauns Drive and Airgold Drive. High-density development is proposed along these routes at more than 100 dwellings per hectare. Medium density development at between 30 to 100 dwellings per hectare is also proposed along these routes. The high-density development will provide a strong frontage to the routes and improve the sense of place and quality of built environment.

The new Antonine visitor centre/overlooking housing and allotment resource

50

2. Proposed Nodes

Antonine Road Node (Denoted 2)

The Hill Node (Denoted 3)

Location The proposed node is located in the west of the settlement near the A82 Great Western Road and is centred on Antonine Road.

Proposal The proposed development of the mixed-use node will include the provision of community and commercial facilities and amenities within the centre and high-density development of more than 100 dwellings per hectare along Antonine Road and Halgreen Avenue. Existing medium-density development of between 30 to 100 dwellings per hectare will be maintained. The standard of place, public realm and the natural environment will be improved within these areas.

Location The node is located within the residential area identiÂżHG DV 7KH +LOO E\ UHVLGHQWV GXULQJ WKH $QDO\VLV UHsearch stage. The proposed node is centred in an area between Ladyloan Avenue and Achamore Road.

Proposal The proposed node will be developed around a high-density centre of more than 100 dwellings per hectare. The centre will also incorporate, improve and expand a range of commercial and community facilities to provide a suitable range of amenities for residents within the node. Beyond the node centre, the proposal includes the improvement of the existing medium density residential area.

The node will be well connected to the town centre district node via the Achamore Road and Kinfauns Drive.

The node will be one of the key entrance nodes in the series of proposed Drumchapel nodes and will improvement the connection of the settlement to A82 Great Western Road. The node will be connected to the proposed town centre district node via Halgreen Avenue.

The public realm along this route will be upgraded to provide a sense of arrival in Drumchapel from the west.

7KH QHZ VTXDUH R໤ Jedworth House

The Scheme Node (Denoted 5) Location The location of the proposed node is within one of the most deprived areas within Drumchapel near Rozelle avenue. There is currently a small cluster of low quality shops and services in this node and a vacant, low quality site at its centre.

Proposal We propose a new public square within the heart of the area, surrounded by mixed use, including 4 storey terraced housing connected to the new central heart along the new highstreet.

51

2. Proposed

Housing Case Studies ,PDJH VKRZLQJ KRXVLQJ LQ¿OO RQ D YDFDQW VLWH RSSRVLWH WKH H[LVWLQJ 'UXPFKDSHO swimming pool

Case Study Case Study: Bo01 City of Tomorrow, Malmo, Sweden Created as part of the European Housing Expo in 2001 and notaEOH IRU D VWURQJ HQYLURQPHQWDO DQG VXVWDLQDEOH SUR¿OH 7KH SURject includes high density residential development and diverse green spaces. The network of streets is broken up in character to allow for a more pleasant walking experience and also to shelter the urban environment from winds. The public spaces are mostly closed to cars and allow opportunities for cycling and walking. The development includes a series of renewable energy features including use of natural resources such as sun and wind energy and recycling of water and waste.

52

Case Study Case Study: Accordia, Cambridge, England Modern housing development in Cambridge which includes 378 UHVLGHQWLDO XQLWV ZLWKLQ D KHFWDUH VLWH 7KHUH DUH ÀDWV and 212 houses in the development. The property types include 1-bedroom (70), 2-bedroom (121), 3-bedroom (92), 4-bedroom

DQG EHGURRP SURSHUWLHV $໤RUGDEOH KRXVLQJ PDNHV up 30% of the development and site density is 47 dwellings per hectare. Design features include interior rooftop spaces, internal courtyards and large semi-public community gardens.

Case Study Case Study: Commonwealth Games Village, Glasgow, Scotland The village contributes to the sustainable development of a run-down 38-hectare area in the East End of the city of Glasgow to a residential area where people aspire to live. The 700 residential units comprises a 50/50 mixture of private properties and social housing and incorporates a care home. A range of dwelling types has been developed to encourage a diverse mixture of occupancy types within the neighbourhood. All two-storey terraced housing types can be adapted to three-storeys to create additional rooms in the roof space. The neighbourhood LV GLYLGHG LQWR FKDUDFWHU ]RQHV ZKLFK DUH GL໤HUHQWLDWHG E\ VWUHHW IRUPV SXEOLF UHDOP DQG PDWHULDOV WR FUHDWH D GL໤HUHQW IHHO DQG environment. Homezone surfaces throughout the development discourage car use and reduce vehicle speeds to encourage walking, cycling and community interaction. The development has a site-wide energy centre which provides power, heating and hot water to all properties.

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2. Proposed

Street Network Phase 1

54

STREET NETWORK:

Train Railway High street Local main streets Local main streets Local main streets proposed Neighbourhood streets Neighbourhood streets proposed New central roads proposed Strong network connection Strong network connection proposed

55

2. Proposed

Street Network Phase 1

Street Network The proposed series of nodes within the settlement will be connected by a robust, improved and hierarchical network of streets, pedestrian paths and cycle tracks.

The street proposals will provide connectivity between the nodes for all groups of street users and modes of movement and improve permeability within the settlement.

Walking and cycling routes will be given priority over cars where possible and routes will provide obvious and direct links to schools, shops, parks, housing, employment and public transport.

Phase 1 of the node and street development includes the linear element connecting the proposed new railway station with an improved town centre. This development will incorporate public realm improvements along Duntreath Avenue from the new railway station to the town centre and will also include a local square at the railway station, which will create place and identity and an important entry point to Drumchapel. The pedestrian experience along Duntreath Avenue will be improved and include new paving and tree planting as well as wider walkways to allow VDIH DQG H໥FLHQW PRYHPHQW RI SHGHVWULDQV DQG F\FOLVWV from the railway station square to the town centre.

At the Antonine Road area node, proposed development will include high-density development along Antonine Road and Halgreen Avenue. The standard of place, public realm and the natural environment will be improved along these routes. This will ensure a clear sense of arrival in Drumchapel from the west and the A82 Great Western Road and create a stronger link to the town centre.

Within the Hill area node, the connection to the town centre will be improved through the upgrading of Achamore Road and Kinfauns Drive and improvements to the public realm and development density.

New routes are proposed within the education, employment and recreation node in the north of settlement. One proposed route is located in the east of the node and will pass through existing vacant land, connecting the node centre to Kinfauns Drive. The second new route is located in the west of the node and will connect Peel Glen Road and Kinfauns Drive to Airgold Drive, to the north of the existing high school. The routes will create important connections from the area to other areas in the settlement including the town centre. High density development along the routes will ensure strong building frontages to create a sense of place and promote safety and security.

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Precedent Studies of Street Designing Streets / Scottish Government

The proposed street network in Phase 1 development will follow the principles established by key policy and guidance including Designing Streets (Scottish Government, 2010), which promote qualities and considerations for successful places and streets such as: Distinctive: Street design should respond to local context to deliver places that are distinctive.

Safe and pleasant: Streets should be designed to be safe and attractive places.

Easy to move around: Streets should be easy to move around for all users and connect well to existing movement networks.

Welcoming: Street layout and detail should encourage positive interaction for all members of the community.

Adaptable: Street network should be designed to accommodate future adaptation.

5HVRXUFH H໥FLHQW Street design should consider orientation, the integration of sustainable drainage and use attractive durable materials that can be easily maintained.

Inspiration for the proposed street types is taken from Designing Streets (Scottish Government, 2010) recommendations and outlined below. The proposed street network design builds on these street type recommendations and adapts the design to the particular requirements of the area and the development aspirations.

Precedent Studies of public realm character Pedestrian Priority indicated by

57

2. Proposed

Street Network Phase 2

58

STREET NETWORK:

Train Railway High street Local main streets Local main streets Local main streets proposed Neighbourhood streets Neighbourhood streets proposed New central roads proposed Strong network connection Strong network connection proposed

59

2. Proposed

Street Network Phase 2

High Street Phase 2 of the street network development will include the creation of a high street environment which will connect the town centre and Southdeen Avenue. The high street will run south of the Linkwood Drive tower blocks and north of the Garscadden Burn Park.

The high street will provide a strong urban identity and sense of place and will include high density development of more than 100 dwellings per hectare along the north side of the street. This will strengthen the connection of the town centre to Garscadden Burn Park and improve safety within the park by providing direct access and overlooking from the street to the park. To the north of the high-density area, an area of medium density is proposed which will provide 30-100 dwellings per hectare.

Community and commercial facilities will be strengthened and developed along the south side of the high street. It is proposed that these will include health facilities, a library, shops and employment opportunities.

The high street in this area will also incorporate the existing Donald Dewar sports centre which was recognised by all residents interviewed during the Analysis research stage as one of the key landmarks in the settlement.

This existing sense of identity within the community strengthens the case to develop this area as the key district node within Drumchapel.

The centre of the high street district node will be located to the north of the Donald Dewar sports centre. At this point roads will connect the centre to Linkwood Drive in the north and Garscadden Road in the south. These two access roads will strengthen the area as a district node which is well connected to all the major roads in the settlement.

The proposed high street aims to connect the Southdeen Avenue residential area with the town centre. This area ZDV LGHQWLÂżHG E\ UHVLGHQWV GXULQJ WKH $QDO\VLV UHVHDUFK stage as the Scheme 1 development and is presently an isolated neighbourhood within the settlement. The high street connector road will provide access for the Scheme 1 area to Kinfauns Drive to the west and east and thus establish Scheme 1 as a well-connected neighbourhood with direct access to the town centre district node.

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The high street development will incorporate a high quality public realm design, including: -Consistent use of materials -Simple palette of durable materials arranged to emphasise the hierarchy of movement -Footways in paving slabs -High quality materials in key locations 6KDUHG VSDFH DV SDUW RI WUD໥F PDQDJHPHQW SODQ -Distinguishable cycle lanes -Bicycle parking for visitors and residents &OHDU ZD\¿QGLQJ DQG GLUHFWLRQDO VLJQDJH LQFOXGLQJ GHVWLnations and distances in time -Provide community and retail information -Frequent seating and waste bins -Tree planting and vegetation to combine with a settlement wide green network -Recycling and refuse facilities The existing Scheme 1 area is currently isolated and disconnected from other areas in Drumchapel. A new connector road is proposed which will connect the centre of the node with Kinfauns Drive to the north. This will provide an important link route through the node and improve the connection of the area with the surrounding network of routes and nodes. High density development along the new route will create vibrant, mixed-use and well-used street and improve the standard of place in the node.

Within the eco-community node, improvements to streets, paths and public realm are proposed along Kinfauns Drive, Drumchapel Road and Canniesburn Road to strengthen the sense of arrival to Drumchapel from the east and assist with the aim to develop the area as a distinct eco-community. The node will act as an important gateway to the settlement from the east and will include high density development at the centre.

A new access road is proposed within the Drumchapel Road node, which will link Golf Drive and Duntreath Gardens and provide a direct connection from the area to the railway node. Public real and street improvements are proposed within the node centre along Drumchapel Road and Garscadden Road

Case Study – Lisbon Green Network, Portugal The project involved the connection of green spaces through a variety of measures including the creation of green corridors and the development of street trees and urban agriculture and allotments. The key objectives of project were to enhance the attractiveness of the city, LPSURYH DLU TXDOLW\ LQFUHDVH SURSHUW\ YDOXH R໤HU UHFUHDtion and healthy lifestyle and re-use abandoned land.

The project aims to give pedestrian and cyclist more spaces and improve ecological connections and includes a main corridor which connects two city parks. Several new parks were created with lawn areas, playground, cycle lanes and designated areas for agriculture. A series of biodiverse meadows were also established and a street tree planting programme aimed to improve the grey infrastructure of the city.

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2. Proposed Connectivity Map

62

STREET NETWORK:

Train Railway High street Local main streets Local main streets Local main streets proposed Neighbourhood streets Neighbourhood streets proposed New central roads proposed Strong network connection Strong network connection proposed

63

2. Proposed

Concept Map of Highstreet

64

ROAD STUDY: Highest density High density Medium density Low density Green valley Proposed roads Existing roads Bridge

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2. Proposed

1.Infiltration detail

SUDS in Flood Prone Areas

Sustainability and SUDS: 2. Swale detail

Sustainable drainage systems use a sequence of techniques that together form a management train. $V VXUIDFH ZDWHU ÀRZV WKURXJK WKH V\VWHP ÀRZ YHlocity is controlled and pollutants are removed. The management train may include the following stages: Source control- methods decrease the volume of water entering the drainage/river network by interFHSWLQJ UXQ R໤ ZDWHU RQ URRIV IRU VXEVHTXHQW UH XVH (e.g. for irrigation) or for storage and subsequent evapotranspiration (e.g. green roofs).

Pre-treatment- steps, such as vegetated swales GLWFKHV RU ¿OWHU WUHQFKHV UHPRYH SROOXWDQWV IURP surface water prior to discharge to watercourses or aquifers.

Retention- systems delay the discharge of surface water to watercourses by providing storage within ponds, retention basins and wetlands for example. ,Q¿OWUDWLRQ V\VWHPV VXFK DV LQ¿OWUDWLRQ WUHQFKHV DQG soak ways mimic natural recharge, allowing water to soak into the ground.

Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDS) are designed with three objectives in mind: ‡ 7R FRQWURO WKH TXDQWLW\ DQG UDWH RI UXQ R໤ IURP D GHYHORSPHQW ‡ 7R LPSURYH WKH TXDOLW\ RI WKH UXQ R໤ • To enhance the nature conservation, landscape and amenity value of the site and its surroundings.

68'6 WKH EHQH¿WV Implementing SUDS may lead to cost savings, for example, by avoiding or reducing the need for: • Gully pots. • Surface water sewers. • Piped connections to distant outfalls. (http://www. bgs.ac.uk/research/engineeringGeology/urbanGeoscience/suds/what.html) (http://www.rtpi.org.uk/ PHGLD VXGVBD BERRNOHWB¿QDOB SGI

2.0

3.0

9.0

SUDS (swale)

SUDS (infiltration)

SUDS (detention basin)

SUDS (water canale)

3.0 3.0

Section Through Park

66

6.0

Section Through Neighbourhood

2.0

Section Of Bridge

2.5

3.0

9.0

1.2

3.0

Section Through Town Centre

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2. Proposed Green Network

Location The proposed green network is located throughout the settlement and aims to integrate existing paths and green spaces with a variety of new paths, tracks and features. A strong network of paths currently exists around the western and northern edges of the town and the proposal aims to connect these to new routes throughout the town. The Forth and Clyde Canal is located to the south of the town.

Proposal The proposal aims to strengthen the green network within and around the settlement to provide an integrated and well- connected system of paths, tracks, cycleways, green space, recreation land, and producWLYH ODQG VXFK DV DOORWPHQWV DQG DJULFXOWXUDO ¿HOGV The network will provide a circular route around the settlement which will be linked to a series of internal routes and paths. The network will link the proposed new district node with the proposed series of local nodes.

7KH SURSRVDO ZLOO FRQVLVW RI D VWURQJO\ GH¿QHG QHWwork which will incorporate and upgrade several key existing routes with a series of proposed new routes as noted below: -The existing Drumry route through Cleddans Burn area (1km) -The existing Witches Way route through Garscadden Wood West (1.1k) -The existing Bluebell Trail route through Garscadden Wood East (1.2km) 7KH H[LVWLQJ :LOGÀRZHU :DQGHU URXWH WKURXJK *DUscadden Burn Park (1.2km) -A series of existing paths and tracks throughout Garscadden Burn Park -Key new north-south routes -New connection to the Forth and Clyde Canal Links to existing features and green spaces within the settlement as noted below will be strengthened through the improvement and extension of paths and tracks and the development of tree planting.

-Drumchapel Park -Garscadden Burn Park -Colquhoun Park and frog pond -Sports pitches at the Donald Dewar Sports Centre New features will be linked to the green network and incorporated into the overall natural environment.

These will include: 1HZ ZLOGÀRZHU PHDGRZV -New agricultural land -New allotments -Farmers markets 7KH SURSRVDO ZLOO LQFOXGH WKH SODQWLQJ RI ZLOGÀRZHU PHDGRZV RQ VSHFL¿F PHGLXP VL]HG DUHDV RI ODQG which are currently vacant and underused. This

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will provide a short-medium term low-cost solution to the current problems in the area such as poor natural environment, abundance of underused land and image of the built and natural environment. The medium-long term solution for the area is to develop the built environment density and provide facilities, housing and opportunities for residents in the area.

As development and phasing of building progresses, FHUWDLQ DUHDV RI ZLOGÀRZHU PHDGRZV ZLOO EH UHSODFHG with buildings and public spaces. Other areas of meadows will be retained and incorporated into the overall area development.

Land which is currently designated as potential agricultural land will be developed for this purpose. This

GREEN NETWORK: Parks Green nature Higher density Antonine link New central road Bridge Green connectivity Connections to Green path Green movement Existing path Proposed link path Development and learning of sustainable technologies (electric vehicles)

Development and learning of sustainable horticulture

Development and learning of agriculture

Green open areas

Hiking areas

Ciclying routes

Play areas

Bridge

Burn

will assist with the strategy for the area to utilise all the land to its full potential. The development of agricultural land also aims to connect with the aim for the area to provide training, skills development and employment for residents.

Areas of land will also be provided for the purpose of allotments. These will improve the environmental quality of the area and assist with aims to develop VNLOOV WUDLQLQJ DQG ¿QDQFLDO RSSRUWXQLWLHV 7KH VHULHV of agricultural land and allotments will be linked through the green network to farmers’ market areas, where produce can be traded.

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2. Proposed Public Transport

Enhanced Connectivity

We propose the set up of car share and bike share schemes within Drumchapel.

parking facilitates help reduce congestion and makes private parking plans more practicable and politically more adequate to execute.

3DUNLQJ UDWLRV FDQ EH ¿[HG WKURXJK DQ DUUDQJHPHQW of a car club for inhabitants at the same time as deFUHDVLQJ WKH WUD໥F LPSDFW RQ WKH ZLGHU FRPPXQLW\ (www.pathsforall.org.uk) Car clubs are great incentive for cash • Their cost is imparted to the private administrators DQG WKH SODQV DUH VHOI ¿QDQFLQJ DIWHU WKH XQGHUO\LQJ VHW up period.

• At last, auto clubs help to help other manageable transport measures, by stopping holes and encouraging long haul behavioural change. (www.pathsforall.org.uk) Case Study

Car sharing Car clubs give automobiles to individuals when they require them. This decouples car use from possession thus clients are allowed to consider the most ideal method for making a trip as opposed to being tied to the car as a default choice. Numerous clients are given, regularly out of the blue, the alternative of not having WR SRVVHVV D FDU $ FDU FOXE WKDW LV H໤HFWLYHO\ LPSODQWHG inside other neighbourhood transport framework ought to give a practical and alluring option to private car use.

Car clubs are good value for money. Their cost is shared with the private operators and the schemes are VHOI ¿QDQFLQJ DIWHU WKH LQLWLDO VHW XS SHULRG &DU FOXEV help to support other sustainable transport measures, by plugging gaps and facilitating long-term behavioural change. (www.pathsforall.org.uk) Car clubs give an alternative and powerful instrument in transport planning.

• Car clubs in local locations commanded by on-street

70

Anstruther a coastal village in Fife. Located within a community of 24 miles of Dundee. The 2 hours journey time to Dundee forced villagers to reconsider how they commuted.

The solution was development of car base club with volunteer drivers ushering people to work to St Andrews and Dundee on weekdays. A vehicle is available from 9am to 5pm to the people. On evening and weekends the club serves the village population. (www. carplusbikeplus.org.uk)

2. Proposed Public Transport

Enhanced Connectivity

Bike share

Business and employment • Bike share operator Hourbike is generating local employment opportunities in Liverpool with Peloton to contribute maintenance support for City bike. This LQYROYHV WKH WXWHODJH RI DGXOW H[ R໤HQGHUV WR /HYHO Cytec.

• Due to the low cost of membership bike shares can support those without employment access job opportunities. (www.carplusbikeplus.org.uk)

“Experience shows that bike share systems provide both residents and visitors access to work, business opportunities, services, leisure activities, and tourist GHVWLQDWLRQV 7KH ÀH[LEOH QDWXUH RI SXEOLF ELNH VKDUH stimulates economic growth whilst reducing congestion, pollution and land take of motorised travel” (www.carplusbikeplus.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Economic-case-for-bike-share) Commercial and retailing activity • 70% of businesses reported that bike share schemes KDG D EHQH¿FLDO LPSDFW RQ WKHLU QHLJKERXUKRRG DIWHU launch • 20% of businesses and 23% of users documented a direct correlation of spending from bike share. Cyclists disburse more money in city centres than those using vehicles as a mode of transport (www.carplusbikeplus.org.uk) Supporting and extending modes of public transport • Bike share are reciprocal to public transport, Users RIWHQ XVH ELNHV IRU WKH ¿UVW DQG ODVW PLOH WR DGG ÀH[LELOity and convenience to journeys • Traditional public transport passages are often limited which can make cross city journeys complicated and long. (www.carplusbikeplus.org.uk)

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3. Strategies - Self Build 6LQFH WKH ¿QDQFLDO FULVLV SORWV RI YDFDQW ODQG have laid empty, with little developer interest in them. They are eyesores and scars on the IDFH RI 'UXPFKDSHO 7R ¿OO LQ WKH HGJHV DORQJ these gaps sites, to improve the sense of place in Drumchapel, we propose to sell the currently unattractive plots of land, cheaply, to individuals keen to self build.

Project 2 • Build cost: £59,000 (£1,475/m²) • Build time: 2 months • Location: East Ayrshire, Scotland

Self-build 6HOI EXLOG FDQ EH GH¿QHG DV D SURMHFW ZKHUH DQ LQGLvidual directly organises the design and construction of their new home. However, the term can also refer to where a self-builder organises a contractor or architect to construct their home. Community led projects can also described as self-build where members of a community organise the project themselves. (www. selfbuildportal.org.uk) Self-build fall in two categories prefabricated (prefab) EXLOGLQJ DQG PRGXODU VFD໤ROGLQJ 7KH VHOI EXLOG PRGHO has gained momentum in recent years. The rising prices of developer built home has drove people to considHU RWKHU D໤RUGDEOH DOWHUQDWLYHV 6HOI EXLOG KRPH LV RQH of the alternative model that has emerged. This model has been used by individuals or whole communities.

Prefab vs Traditional Construction -Prefab homes. Establish a small plant in Drumchapel that could provide employment in the area. Cheaper than conventional cost of construction. The cost is usually on land. Traditional construction for self-build homes cost under £200,000 according to Homebuilding and renovation. Prefabricated homes cost even less.

Below are two examples of the self- build models.

The Project 1 • Build cost: £100,000 (£690/m2) • Build time: 1 year 8 months • Region: Argyll & Bute

2-bedroom house built in the Scottish Highlands.

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A small one-bedroom house prefabricated and erected on site in 6 weeks.

The two projects inform us that traditional construction takes time due the method of construction used and the size of the labour force involved to complete the project. While Prefab use less manpower as everything is already built at the factory and only requires erection on site.

Overall self-build appears to cost less than developers built homes and the potential of self-employment with self-build is higher. (www.homebuilding.co.uk)

Self-build Precedent Almere, Netherlands “This innovative experiment in large scale self build involves a 100 hectare space (250 acre) extension to the south west of the city, in the Poole region. The land was reclaimed from the sea in the 1950’s.

The entire area has been master planned by the local authority into a number of districts. Each of which has around 720 self build plots and by early 2012 around KRPHV KDG EHHQ EXLOW HYHQWXDOO\ VRPH VHOI built homes are planned.

Each of the self build districts is themed – for examSOH WKHUH DUH DUHDV IRU OLYH ZRUN VHOI EXLOG KRPHV there are terraced areas and there is a zone for very sustainable homes. There is also an area set aside for canal side homes, and another for houses with bigJHU JDUGHQV $QG WKHUH LV D ]RQH VSHFL¿FDOO\ DLPHG DW housing developers, who assemble collectives of people who want a block of apartments or a terrace of similar homes built for them.

Individual plots vary in size from 86 m2 to more than 1200m2.

Delivery: All the infrastructure is installed by the council – from the roads to all the utilities...right down to the speed bumps.

Each home comes with an A4 sized “passportâ€? which DFWV DV D EXLOGLQJ SHUPLW 7KLV VSHFLÂżHV WKH PDLQ UHstrictions – usually just the height, any gaps required between homes, and the line of the front and the back of the properties. But beyond this owners are free to do pretty much what they want. There is one particular zone – called “I Build Freeâ€? where hardly any restrictions apply. Even though this sounds like a recipe for chaos most commentators have been impressed by the architectural diversity of the homes and the innovation that has been displayed.

Interestingly many people have opted for quite small homes to keep costs down – it’s possible, for example, to build a 40 m2 (400 ft2) apartment for about £50,000, so people on tight budgets have trimmed the size of their home to suit.

Although owners have quite a free rein on the design, materials and look of their homes the majority have gone for a modern, contemporary feel and several quite futuristic homes have been constructed. A good proportion have also ‘played safe’ and opted for a standard kit home.

Finance: All the plots are sold at a standard price of 375 Euros per m2 (roughly ÂŁ290). So the smallest 86 m2 plot costs about ÂŁ25,000, and a 1000m2 plot would be ÂŁ290,000.

Building costs vary enormously, dependent on the method of construction chosen, the design, the quality RI WKH ÂżQLVKHV DQG KRZ PXFK RI WKH ZRUN LV GRQH E\ the self builder and how much is done by a contractor or developer. Typically they work out at between ÂŁ650 and ÂŁ1500 per m2. So, for an average three bed semi (105 m2), it works out at about ÂŁ100,000 to build plus perhaps ÂŁ50,000 for the plot.

1RW DOO WKH KRPHV DUH EXLOW DV VROR SURMHFWV IRU H[ample 25 people formed themselves into group and then hired an architect and contractor to build a block RI ÀDWV WRJHWKHU 7KLV HQDEOHG WKHP WR JHW WKHLU ÀDWV (included land) for an average of £69,000 each.�

All text in this case study has been taken from http://www.selfbuildportal.org.uk/homeruskwartier-district-almere

73

3.

Improved Wayfaring

Titanium Roof Panels

Unison Signage

Roof Panels Reducing Air Pollution

Improving wayfaring in Drumchapel is essential if the natural resources within the region are to be popular and easily and enjoyably accessed by tourists, vistors and existing residents.

We propose adding ‘particulate matter pollution reducing’ titanium panels to absorb excess pollution that may occurr from an increase in density within the town centre. Specifying these tiles on the roofs of new builds within the anticipated central, busy regions, we aim to essentially mitigate the future rises in pollution that will likely coincide with increased occupation.

Improving wayfaring between the train station and the parks, aswell as the Antonine Wall Heritage centre, are key in enhancing tourism, and economy, within Drumchapel. Making the walking / cycle routes to the sites valuable assets as simple and carefree as possible is LPSRUWDQW 'HÂżQLQJ WKH FXUUHQW UHVLGHQWLDO DUHDV with wayfaring aids marking entry and exit into these places will also give places in Drumchapel a more robust sense of identity.

The following points are important; Âł7KH YDOXH RI DQ H໤HFWLYH ZD\ ÂżQGLQJ V\VWHP LV QRW only determined by an enjoyable and positive visitor experience, but by how you maximise on the customer’s route and dwell time.â€? https://mxdisplay.co.uk/ ÂżYH FRUH ZD\ÂżQGLQJ SULQFLSOHV &UHDWLQJ DQ LGHQWLW\ IRU GL໤HUHQW ORFDWLRQV Giving each area a one of a kind perceptual identity, so the guide can connect their prompt surroundings with an area in the larger space. (mxdisplay.co.uk) Using landmarks to provide direction hints Introducing landmarks as introducing signs. In the event that the visitor knows where a point of interest is in connection to their position, they can say something in regards to where they are. An alluring property of a point of interest for this utilization is visibility. The capacity to be seen from a vast encompassing territory.

Utilization of stone monuments and signage totems could be perfect. (mxdisplay.co.uk) Creating well-structured paths Paths ought to have an arrangement of attributes to be all around organized. Well organized paths keeps up a visitor’s introduction concerning both the following landmark along the way and the separation to the possible destination. Example, Piste markers can be installed along paths. (mxdisplay.co.uk)

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“Cleaning the air of pollution is a traditional job for urban trees, but lately buildings, and even billboards, have got in on the act. However, it turns out we don’t need to substitute visual pollution for the atmospheric version.

Titanium dioxide is a highly versatile compound, used in plastics, sunscreen and food. Titanium Dioxide’s intense whiteness makes it particularly popular in paints, and it is the basis of a new generation of solar cells. +RZHYHU LWV FDSDFLW\ WR ÂżJKW SROOXWLRQ FRPHV IURP LWV status as a photo catalyst. When exposed to ultraviolet light TiO2accelerates many chemical reactions including the oxidation of smog producing nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (ironically most famous as “new paint smellsâ€?). The catalytic poetry billboard used nanoparticles of titanium dioxide to turn nitrogen oxides to soluble nitrates, and volatile organic compounds to fatty acids.

However, although it doesn’t always seem like it, cities KDYH IDU PRUH URR¿QJ VSDFH WKDQ ELOOERDUGV ´

Re-inhabiting Vacant Units

3. Housing

Precedent Typologies

Community Re-occupation of Abandoned Fabric Renovating vacant properties The vacant properties in Drumchapel could be put back LQWR XVH WKURXJK VHOI KHOS KRXVLQJ 7KLV LV GL໤HUHQW from self-build housing as it does not involve construction new properties from scratch. “Self-help- housing involves groups of local people bringing back into use empty properties that are in limbo, awaiting decisions about their future use or their redevelopment.” http://self-help-housing.org/what-is-self-help-housing/ Self-Help Housing uses empty or void buildings which owners are willing to make accessible for a limited period on licence or lease, often at minimal cost. Reducing the number of empty and void buildings using this model adds to the overall quality of an area.

100+ dw / hectare

Higher density housing in the centre of the town

50 dw / hectare

This model gives individuals a chance to gain hands on work experience building abilities and furthermore how to run an association, how to secure subsidizing and how to consult with proprietors, local authorities and GL໤HUHQW RUJDQL]DWLRQV ZZZ VHOI KHOS KRXVLQJ RUJ Case study Archiltibue, Coigach $Q ROG VFKRRO KRXVH FRQYHUWHG LQWR WZR VRFLDO UHQW ÀDWV for the community. Coigach Community Development Company submitted a proposal to Highland council to convert the old school house which had been out use IRU \HDUV LQWR WZR D໤RUGDEOH UHQWDO ÀDWV KWWS ZZZ hscht.co.uk/uploads/4/6/8/5/46858349/achiltibuie This model could easily been applied in Drumchapel.

In could provide training for young people, generate income for local organisation and help improve the quality of the area by reducing the number of empty building. Some of the converted buildings could be offered to start-up businesses or artists as a way to boost business activity in the area.

Medium density terraced KRXVLQJ LQ LQ¿OO VLWHV

25-50 dw / hectare

Lower density housing on the fringes of the site next to the green belt / higher value, larger homes within the developer packages

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References Urban Design : Greening the City Urban Design Issue 133 UDG, 2015 Urban Design Journal : Estate Regeneration Urban Design Issue 143 UDG, 2017 Terra Incognita Ann Bowman University of Michagen, 2004 Husam AlWaer and Barbara Illsley The Academy of Urbanism ICE 2017 Creating Places A policy statement on architecture and place for Scotland The Scottish Government, 2013 City Development Plan https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/ Glasgow City Council Larice, M and McDonald, E (2007) The Urban Design Reader. Routledge Gerrit Schwalbach, (2009) Urban Analysis. Birkhauser The Glasgow Indicators Project.

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