Drumchapel | Masterplanning Drumchapel | Masterplanning

Booklet no.1

Masterplanning Drumchapel May 2018

Drumchapel

Stage: Framework and Coding Group memebers: Rachel Kennedy Alexandra Linn

Department of Architecture University of Strathclyde Glasgow strath.ac.uk/engineering/architecture/ PgDip/MArch Advanced Architectural Design (AAD) MArch Architectural Design International (MADi) PgDip/MSc Urban Design

Drumchapel

Our Project

In 2017 Glasgow City Council and Glasgow Housing Association put forward a proposal for an updated vision for Drumchapel. This project aims to produce an accuate and realistic regeneration scheme.

This booklet will combine the previous Analysis and Strategy phases, with the implementation of the strategy through the foundtion masterplan and detailed masterplan.

Authors

Rachel Kennedy: AAD

Alexandra Linn: MSc

3

CONTENTS

Analysis of Drumchapel Existing Concept Strategy for Drumchapel Proposed Concept Concept Precedent Masterplan Design Area Vision Statement

Drumchapel

Overview of Drumchapel Drumchapel is an area of Glasgow, it is in the northwest of the city. Drumchapel is bordered to the east by Bearsden and to the west by the town of Clydebank. Old Drumchapel is the originated in the 19th century and is located to the south of the town.

Old Drumchapel was extended in the 1950’s and became largely a social housing estate, tis was done to address the city of Glasgow’s overspill policy and accommodate 34,000 inhabitants. Castlemilk, Easterhouse and Pollock were also set up around the same time to accommodate the over spill using the same methods for social housing. Drumchapel’s current population is thought to be around 12,000 people despite its original capacity.

Our Vision Our Vision is that Drumchapel will no longer be seen as the ‘edge’ of the City but as a ‘gateway’ to the wider countryside including the local heritage and nature trails that sit to the North of Glasgow.

We aim to build on the existing strong sense of community and form a neighbourhood that reflects this in character.

Our overall intention is to provide the framework to create a well-connected, thriving, vibrant and diverse place that will be able to grow and adapt to future changing trends.

The Brief A four phase approach: This document focuses on Framework and Coding and Masterplanning.

Analysis.

You students work in groups on the analysis of the study area as part of a larger urban sector, getting to know intimately this area, its potentials and pitfalls (Studio 1a); In parallel, you lay the ground for community engagement which involves local stakeholders.

Strategy.

Groups propose a Strategic Plan for the improvement of the study area envisaging actions and projects that deal with services, mobility, housing, and public realm provision (Studio 1b). Actions on identified projects will be defined and agreed with stakeholders. In parallel you will lay out a Concept Plan, which is the first spatial translation of your broad strategies.

Framework and Coding.

Groups create the Foundation Masterplan, a spatial representation of the longer-term vision built by detailing the previous Concept Plan over a portion of the study area. In a second moment, you learn what a Local Urban Code (LUC) is and how it can help driving the evolution of your masterplan area. Finally you identify places of particular interest in your masterplan area that would deserve a detailed proposal at the architectural level (Project Areas), and write a Project Brief for each of them.

Masterplanning: 1.

Case analysis. You students will work in groups on the study area as part of a larger urban sector, getting to know intimately this area, its links potentials and pitfalls (Studio 1a); 2.

Urban Design Strategy. You will propose a Strategic Plan and a Concept Plan, together forming the Urban Design Strategy, for the improvement of this area envisaging actions and projects that deal with services, mobility, housing, and public realm provision (Studio 1b); 3.

Street front analysis and coding. You will be requested to work out a complete morphological analysis of street fronts that are assigned by staff. The “front analysis” is carried out by drawing each street front in two boards and by the quantitative analysis of morphological aspects as they appear on drawing. Once all cases have been worked out and all data is available, students and staff derive from that a synthetic Local Urban Code and apply it to the first draft of the Foundation Masterplan (Studio ).

4.

Masterplanning and place design. You are led to the production of a Masterplan for sub-areas of the Foundation Masterplan. You will learn how to take action for subdivision of large blocks, a correct management of density as related to transport and land use, how to design safe and liveable streets and how to interpret the existent urban fabric of public and private buildings in relation to streets, land uses, density and transport. Finally, you will be asked to deepen your Masterplan and Code by experimentally developing the design of streets and buildings in a small part of it (Studio 2).

5

Framework and Coding

Drumchapel: An Analysis Accessibility In Drumchapel car ownership is low with only 38% of the population owning a car therefore there is high dependency on public transport. Despite the high dependency services in the area are poor not necessarily with the selection of services but the efficiency of the routes and access to high speed services is distinctively low. The proportion of low income and single parent households is far higher in Drumchapel this will influence the accessibility as it then becomes necessity as opposed to choice. The poor availability of amenities across the site precludes a need to travel a substantial way for goods and services, this is linked to the current lack of neighbourhood nodes.

Fig. Narrow streets with parked cars

Density

The current population in Drumchapel is around 12714 people, this has been in decline since the original 34000 in the 1950’s. The density across the site at present is generally low at aproximately 15-30 UPH however the towers skew the average.

The chosen design area has a low density, as there is a high proportion of two-three storey dwellings, along with some semi-detached housing that has been built in the past 10 years. The housing is split up by large areas of vacant and derelict land and the specialist buildings.

The nodes across Drumchapel are of poor quality and have are not distributed within walking distance, they also offer a poor selection of services for the current population.

Fig.Poor legibility of spaces

6

Drumchapel

Legibility Drumchapel has large proportion of vacant and derelict sites this has led to a lack of defined edges and alack of distinguishable features affecting vehicular and pedestrian orientation.

In other areas it is multiple story buildings fronting the streets that are separated from the street edge.

The current height to width ratio of the buildings do not reflect the hierarchy of the streets they sit on.

Drumchapel has a lack of connections both within the area and to external areas such as Bearsden Duntocher and Faifley.

Places for People

Fig. Vacant and derelict land

Drumchapel has a high volume of open space the majority of which is considered vacant and derelict The current buildings in the are mono-functional example, there is a large proportion of 1950’s style housing that has monotonous appearance.

Drumchapel has close proximity to the countryside with greenspace to the north along with a strong covering of native woodland however the ties are not currently utilised effectively.

Disconnected Drumchapel is currently seen as a single use area with it being a largely residential zone, the residential areas are separated by vacant and derelict land. The current layout of Drumchapel is restrictive to development and growth as it lacks the ability to promote a mix of use and activities.

The Summerhill area that we have chosen is a predominantly residential area with a large proportion of vacant and derelict land and several specialist use buildings.

Fig. Monotonous buildings

7

Framework and Coding

Existing Concept The Existing Concept Plan shows Drumchapel as it is today, based on the findings during the analysis stage. This will show the existing density, nodes, ecology, street hierarchy and public transport. Further analysis of these design features show how Drumchapel currently functions prior to any intervention. This stage was used to influence the strategy phase with the aim to reach our initial vision for Drumchapel and how the plans will be implemented over the next 30 years.

Fig. Existing Concept (Urban Shift. 2017)

The density is shown and displays how the current low The street hierarchy in Drumchapel at present is poorly population is dispersed across Drumchapel and how the connected to surrounding areas. These streets are heavily vacant and derelict land separates the neighbourhoods. focussed on cars with pedestrians being an afterthought, and traffic calming measures strongly affect the flow The existing spread of nodes is shown to ben uneven through the streets. and out with what is considered to be walking distance.

The nodes have poor facilities and mean the current Public transport in Drumchapel is predominantly services do not adequately support the communities. focussed on buses as the train station is located in the south at Old Drumchapel which is poorly connected to the The existing ecological network is fragmented and rest of Drumchapel. The bus links are considered slow not being used to its full potential. There is a large while the trains provide a fast link to Glasgow and he area of native woodland to the north, and high levels surrounding area. of biodiversity in the Garscadden burn area. These have the potential to attract visitors if maintained and publicised affectively.

8

Drumchapel

Nodes And Density

< 10 units/ha

10

10 - 20 units/ha 21 - 35 units/ha

24

36 - 50 units/ha

12

51 - 65 units/ha

17

66 - 80 units/ha

13

80 - 100 units/ha

15 101 - 200 units/ha 201 - 300 units/ha > 301 units/ha

17

12 21 1

Specialist Area Farmland / Pasture

5 36 10 20

5 10

17 49 5

21 21 30 18 24 34 8 55 32

6 6 8 27 17 33 12 40

26 76

4 75 34 19 15 24 18 27 27 3 56 35

14 53 38 30 28 21 11 27 42

2 10 33 40 40 20 26 5 30 28

11

12 29 24

23 21 33 26 28

9

27 30 6 2 21 21 27 28

25

16

5

18

33 48 21 40

1

15 37 35 28 14 45 5

18

17

10

6 24

11 32 13

25 36 22

7 85

21

17

5 85

8

29

Sports Grounds

9

Vacant / Derelict Land

19

River Bank

5

Potential Local Node

22 9

12

22 26

11 22 26

8

6

16

19

13 3

Park

15

12

11

20

37

Woodland

Global Node

12

Suburban Semis Density(1): 18.5 u/ha Density(2): 22.4 u/ha Typical: 15-30 u/ha

9

35 19 21 9

13 26

2 18 20

Local Node

14

26

12

40 63

24

12 17 24 24 16 10

10 20 16 15 18 8

11 21 20 23 22 14

35 10 18 22 40 23 9

18 15 35 23 20 42 44 30 24

31 8

52 5 45 7 26 26 30 20 61

39 41

19 51 53 41

13 31 57 34 1 24

54 5 19 13 38 39 37 14

26 27

29 34 34 35 30

34 49 11

13 38 33 37 8

26 25 17 40 24

48 60 31 31 6 29 24

27 22 32 26 41 11 24 24 62 32 7 11 47

80 14 32 12 32 45 36 31 10

43 26 17 3 3

19 7 15

62 30 41 18 18 26 47 21 21 23

24 22 16 12 34 23 30

47 46 42 10 21

18

1 6

Tower Blocks Density: 85 u/ha

36 41 57

7

26

Executive Houses Density: 13 u/ha 15 5

22

Tenement Housing Density: 39.6 u/ha

4

Terraced Houses Density: 34.8 u/ha Old Drumchapel 1524 units Density: 22.1 u/ha

Fig. Existing Density (Urban Shift, 2017)

9

Framework and Coding

Street Hierarchy

10

Drumchapel

Public Transport

11

Framework and Coding

SWOT Analysis Strengths

1) Direct access to a major trunk road (Great Western Road, A82) ensures good wider connections with the road leading from Glasgow to Inverness. There is an abundance in Bus Services (over 20 in total) comprising several local frequent services to Glasgow city centre and surrounding districts as well as four long distance less frequent routes to the north of Scotland. Drumchapel Train Station links directly to both Glasgow Queen Street and Glasgow Central Station in 20 minutes.

2) Garscadden Burn contains over 500 species of wildlife. Garscadden woods surrounds the north east of Drumchapel and has several useable nature trails through it. The natural topography and green landscape makes for a beautiful scenic backdrop to the district.

3) Over the last decade Glasgow City Council has demolished then erected several new schools including St Clareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Primary School, Drummore Primary School, Camstradden Primary School, Antonine Primary School and Drumchapel Primary School, all of which are currently at half capacity.

4) Drumchapel has a strong heritage with the Roman fort ruins and Antonine Wall lying to the northern boundary of Drumchapel.

5) Drumchapel is known for having a powerful sense of community spirit.

12

Drumchapel

Weakness

1) The current road layouts create access barriers for both pedestrians and cars resulting in poor local connections; North-South access through Drumchapel is particularly lacking. The existing bus routes do not serve the whole of Drumchapel apart from the community run service (CB2) however this has limited running times making it less efficient. The railway station which is the quickest and most economical way to access the city centre is unreachable for most residents. There is little to no cycling infrastructure in Drumchapel.

2) The population has decreased to a third of what it was in the 1960â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, this has resulted in vacant areas and a general lack of diversity.

3) Drumchapel was designed with modernist principals which formed single-use areas creating unsafe and unpleasant zoned environments.

4) Areas within Drumchapel are some of the most deprived in Scotland.

5) There is an abundance of vacant land within Drumchapel that has led to fly-tipping, anti-social behaviour and unsafe environments. The topography has created barriers for pedestrian accessibility. There is a Lack of Biodiversity within Drumchapel, with only one site (Garscadden Burn) containing 500 plus species.

6) Most of the housing was built of the same period in the 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, it was erected quickly and was of low quality meaning the housing has decayed at similar rates resulting in mass demolition and mass refurbishment.

Overall there is a general lack of diversity in the existing housing stock as it is predominantly flatted with some terraced and semi-detached.

7) There is a lack of mix of amenities, quality amenities and community facilities. Many of the areas contain several of the same amenity such as fast food outlets and betting shops.

8) There is an overwhelming lack of sense of place and identity; including a lack of landmarks, defined public spaces and user legibility.

13

Framework and Coding

Opportunities

1) There is an opportunity to enhance the existing road network by creating more north-south connections and revising terminal roads. A new frequent community shuttle bus service could enhance the connection to the existing railway station. New cycle infrastructure along arterial roads could connect to the canal cycle track.

New footpaths with street furniture and lighting could encourage people to walk in a new appealing and safe environment.

2) By creating new infrastructure, new housing and densified centres we hope to increase the populous and encourage diversity.

3) There is an opportunity to exploit existing facilities for the purposes of tourism including the existing whisky factory. This could include creating facilities such as a mini distillery, a bar, a restaurant and a shop. A new cultural centre with connections to the Antonine wall could be possible. New nature trails and a botanic garden near Garscadden burn could connect to the Glasgow City Green Network.

4) There is an opportunity to rectify the zoned areas and form mixed use environments. Buildings with the format of retail/commercial on the ground floor and residential above should be encouraged.

5) Centralising and densifying the existing services will enhance the existing town centre and help to form local nodes and a main district node.

6) Introduce more varied housing types and tenures.

7) Increase amenities, community facilities and services.

8) Use the new green network and existing typology to form sustainable drainage systems.

9) Enhance bio-diversity by creating new green facilities such as community gardens, orchards and wild flower meadows, with focus on Garscadden Burn.

10) Re-define Drumchapel to create a sense of place and identity by forming new safe, useable, aesthetically pleasing streets and public spaces with a legible hierarchy.

11) Utilise the natural setting by enhancing walking connections around Drumchapel, particularly throughout Garscadden Burn and Garscadden Woods.

14

Drumchapel

Threats

1) There is a lack of employment opportunities and major poverty issues.

2) There is a lack of diversity throughout Drumchapel including population, housing typology, housing tenure and existing amenities.

3) Large areas such as the town centre are undefined and deteriorated.

4) The current housing stock has a limited lifecycle and will need to be replaced simultaneously.

5) Both noise and air pollution arise from the flight path overhead.

6) The natural woodland is in deterioration.

7) There is a lack of small to medium retailers in the area.

8) Few areas of land are managed, and most are undefined.

9) The ground conditions to the north of the district are very poor with the risk of locating more coal mining shafts.

15

Framework and Coding

Proposed Strategy

Legend: Built Environment Newly defined entrance gateways Major TRA's

3

District Centre TRA Local Centre TRA

Ecological Network Temporary Wildflower Meadows Proposed SUDS Focus Areas Green 'Avenues' Sco�sh Canal Network

Transport and Connec�ons Strong North South Connec�on New connec�ons to Bearsden New/ Widened Bridge Cyclist/ Pedestrian Routes New Railway Sta�on Improved local bus route

16

2

Drumchapel

4

5

1

6

7

8

17

Framework and Coding

Proposed Concept Legend: Density Density Band 01 Density Band 02 Density Band 03

3

Density Band 04

Nodes District Node radius (200m/400m) District Node Centre Local node (200m/ 400m radius) Local Node Centre

Road Hierarchy New Global Main Streets New Urban Main Streets New Local Main Streets

Transport Sco�sh Canal Network

2

New cycle infrastructure New Railway Sta�on Improved local bus route

Other Specialist Area Community Woodland/ Food Forrest Community Allotments/ Orchards

INDUSTRIAL

Wetlands/ Riparian Buffer/ Check Dam Defined Maintained Parkland

RETAIL PARK

18

Drumchapel

4

5

1

6

HOSPITAL

7

8

19

Framework and Coding

Ecological Networks

20

Drumchapel

Proposed Block Size

The proposed block size above shows how the grid format has altered the shape and size of each individual block and made the neighbour hood ore walkable to pedestrians. This will also increase the connectivity with in the neighbourhood,

21

Framework and Coding

Concept Precedents

fig, Sundance Square fig, Accordia Cambridge

fig, Byrant Park, New York

fig, Upton, Northampton

fig, Malmo, Sweden

22

Drumchapel

fig, Luxemburg

fig, St Chads, Swale

fig, Accordia Cambridge

fig, Social Housing, Essex

23

Framework and Coding

Masterplan Design Area: Summerhill

The design area that was chosen became an area of interest during the Strategy phase, we will refer to this area as Summerhill.

Location: Northern Drumchapel Key Features: Drumchapel High School, St Clares Primary School, Drumchapel St Marks RCC, Crannog Care Home, St Pius RCC The Summerhill area that was chosen is situated in the north of Drumchapel it is bound by Garscadden woods to the north, Blackcraig Avenue to the east and Linkwood Drive to the south and west of the side.

fig, Study area Satelite.

24

Drumchapel

Key Features Buildings - St.Pius RCC

LB

St. Pius Roman Catholic Church and presebatory are B-Listed by Historic Environment Scotland and are currently being utilised for commercial sales. Full Listing Below: Alexander McAnally, 1954-7. Stripped modern Romanesque aisle-less church with apse. Red brick and contrasting cream sandstone dressings and eaves course. Chamfered arrises; round-arched windows; plain, pier buttresses.

SE (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: gabled elevation with slender campanile engaged to right; ashlar tripartite doorpiece with gable over centre door bearing carved panel and with stone cross breaking through at apex; 3 pairs of boarded doors with decorative hinges.

Tall round-arched window above.

CAMPANILE: rectangular-plan, at E corner of SE elevation with louvred round-arched windows at towerhead, single to SE and NW, tall bipartite to NE. Swept, tall, copper pavilion roof with metal cross finial.

NE ELEVATION: campanile to outer left. 7-bay nave with dividing buttresses. Single storey, flat-roofed vestry porch projecting to right.

NW (APSE) ELEVATION: tall, deeply bowed apse with ashlar mullioned window strips at wallhead to left and right and flat-roofed single storey service ambulatory projecting at ground.

SW ELEVATION: single bay of narthex to outer right. 7-bay nave, bowed conically roofed baptistery adjoined to outer right bay, with 8-light window; flat-roofed, single storey porch across 3 bays to left of centre.

Square-pane, metal glazing grids to windows with hopper openings and small-lead-pane glazing pattern. Grey slates to pitch swept low over nave and bowed at apse and baptistery.

INTERIOR: fine period, modern church fittings in situ. Panelled wainscot in bays upto altar, with crossing delineated by pilasters.

Plastered walls and roof, latter enclosed below apex and ribbed with supporting beams on block corbels at intervals. Tall round-arch to apse flanked by altars to Jesus Christ and Virgin Mary each with marble altar, stylised timber reredos behind statue and round-arched panel recess extending behind; decorative 2-leaf railed brass(?) gates. Sanctuary on panelled base of various marbles, sheltered by tall, gabled, canopied, timber baldacchino, enclosing crucifix with figure of Jesus Christ under coffered barrel vault, with studded fleuron and carved capitals; panelled wainscot stepping down to flanking walls of apse, adorned by carved, foliaceous frieze, panels divided by quasi-reeded base. Principal altar panelled with various marbles, framed with contrasting paired pilasters.

Marble altar rail resting on marble dies of paired pilasters. Lectern of various marbles with paired contrasting columns to base. Font comprised of octagonal marble shaft and contrasting basin: Baptistery screened by decorative wrought-metal gates and railings.

Timber pews. Stations of the Cross, Stanley Spencer-influenced contemporary paintings. Tripartite entrance screen to narthex of 3 sets of 2-leaf doors, upper sections with cross-pattern glazing.

PRESBYTERY: contemporary, en suite. 2-storey, near-rectangular-plan priest?s house with ashlar porch at centre of SE elevation in shallow re-entrant formed with advanced bay to left, gabled with cross finial. SW elevation with broad, canted window at centre ground, windows flanking and above, varying in size. Joined to church at E corner by single storey, flat-roofed link. Rear with regular fenestration at 1st floor. NW side elevation with singe storey, piend-roofed porch. Metal casement windows. Grey slates. Brick stacks and corbels to overhanging eaves.

BOUNDARY WALLS, RAILINGS AND GATES: brick walls to NE and NW, curving around corner with ashlar coping and ashlar coped brick parapet with grouped openings at intervals and gabled corner panel breaking upward with stone cross relief. Plain railings to remaining perimeter. Pair of taller, decorative scrolled wrought-iron gates to presbytery drive; plainer, 2-leaf gates to church with flanking pedestrian gates.

25

Framework and Coding

Specialist Area - Drumchapel High School Ages: 11-18/ S1-S6 Co-educational (both girls and boys) Non-denominational Drumchapel High School is the only Secondary School in the area. Therefore the catchment area extends to include the whole of Drumchapel. The school was rebuilt in 2002 and has the capacity for 850 pupils to attend. There are currently only 385 pupils enrolled.

Specialist Area - St.Clare's Primary School Ages 4-12/ P1-P7 Co-educational (both girls and boys) A Religous Roman Catholic School.

There are 308 pupils currently enrolled, however the capacity is 330. Primary to Secondary transfer schools are St.Peter the Apostle High School or St.Thomas Aquinas Secondary School. The school opened in 2004 and is the only Catholic School in the area.

26

Drumchapel

Specialist Area - Drumchapel St.Marks RCC Drumchapel St. Marks Roman Catholic Church was established in 1955. As well as running religious services, they help to facilitate local community groups, charity fundraise and assist local food banks with collections.

Buildings - Crannog Care Home Crannog is a Care Home for the elderly with dementia, people with alcohol related brain damage and elderly with learning difficulties. It was built in 2008 and is one of only two types of facilities in the Drumchapel Area, the other is located at Drumchapel Hospital.

CH

27

Framework and Coding

Buildings for Demolition

28

Drumchapel

29

Framework and Coding

Existing Housing Tenure

30

Drumchapel

Existing Housing Density

31

Framework and Coding

Existing Housing Typologies

32

Drumchapel

33

Framework and Coding

Topography The topography of the area has the potential to be challenging as there is a drumlin in the centre of the site. At the site of our proposed neighbourhood node there is a steep incline this will affect the building typology and may require levelling.

Street Hierarchy The proposed street hierarchy shows the new urban main road that will strengthen the north-south route through Drumchapel while also connecting the proposed node to the town centre and the new local main streets connects the remaining neighbourhood nodes.

34

Drumchapel

Areas confirmation areas include existing modern housing developments, Crannog Care Home and a listed building. Specialist areas include existing and proposed schools and an existing catholic church plot. Proposed public spaces include the centre of the new local node and a transitional space into the district node.

Density The proposed density corresponds with the new street hierarchy, new local node and the overall densification of Drumchapel.

Our Proposed density will be between 5000-5500 people.

35

Framework and Coding

Transport The proposed public transport includes new bus stops, bus routes and cycle infrastructure. The new interventions aim to better connect each local node to the district centre, the surrounding towns and the Scottish canal network. The new bus routes will connect to the newly positioned Drumchapel Train Station.

Ecology There are three woodlands present within the boundary, Hillview woods, Summerhill woods and Garscadden woods. Defined green space includes Drumchapel Park, Summerhill park and proposed community allotments.

36

Drumchapel

Vision Statement

Designing a Community: â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;A New Gateway to Drumchapelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Our streets have been designed to give priority to pedestrians, cyclists and public transport users this aims to encourage sustainable modes of transport over private vehicular use.

Inclusivity is key to our design with crossings, street edges, junctions, surface treatments and bollards specifically chosen to create a safe environment for all users.

The new street grid layout was formed using a systematic approach to improve connectivity in the area. We chose to utilise as many existing streets as possible to reduce costs by using the existing infrastructure. Where possible the existing streets were extended and cul de sac junctions removed. New streets were then added where block sizes remained large and impermeable. Our diagrams show where new streets have been formed and new junctions created. Ped shed analysis has been used to show how the new grid layout has improved permeability and connectivity to produce a walkable neighbourhood.

Good street design can have many positive outcomes such as encouraging more users to walk or cycle. The more people that frequent the streets the safer an area becomes.

An attractive environment gives people pride in their local community and makes them more likely to maintain the quality of the place.

37

Framework and Coding

Booklet no.2

Masterplanning Drumchapel May 2018

Drumchapel

Stage: Framework and Coding Group memebers: Rachel Kennedy Alexandra Linn

38

Drumchapel

Department of Architecture University of Strathclyde Glasgow strath.ac.uk/engineering/architecture/ PgDip/MArch Advanced Architectural Design (AAD) MArch Architectural Design International (MADi) PgDip/MSc Urban Design

39

Framework and Coding

Our Project

In 2017 Glasgow City Council and Glasgow Housing Association put forward a proposal for an updated vision for Drumchapel. This project aims to produce an accuate and realistic regeneration scheme.

This booklet will combine the previous Analysis and Strategy phases, with the implementation of the strategy through the foundtion masterplan and detailed masterplan.

Authors

Rachel Kennedy: AAD

Alexandra Linn: MSc

40

Drumchapel

CONTENTS

Foundation Masterplan Detailed Masterplan Phasing Streets Housing Typologies Ecological Network Character Areas Special Areas References

41

Framework and Coding

Foundation Masterplan

42

Drumchapel

43

Framework and Coding

Phasing Phase 1: 2019- 2024

By the end of 2024: The new neighbourhood node will be established at Summerhill Square.

Construction of the new Urban Main Street, Park Avenue, will start to establish the new north-south connection.

New community centre will be constructed along the Park Avenue to replace the old one that will be demolished to create Park Avenue.

Pocket parks will be created within blocks and along the new Urban Main Street.

The edges of the plot of Drumchapel High School will begin to break-up and lined with housing.

44

Drumchapel

Phase 2: 2025-2030

By the end of 2030: Construction of housing on vacant land, south of Drumchapel High School and at the new node.

Complete the built form along the new urban main road, connecting the district and new neighbourhood node and establishing a strong north- south connection.

The construction of the new larger Hillview Primary School and demolition of Langfaulds Primary School will be completed.

New sheltered housing opposite the community centre and the demolition of the old sheltered housing on Linkwood Drive and tenement style housing between Ledmore Drive and Harrow Place will have been completed.

Increasing the density at the edge of the district node and Park Plaza will begin to take shape.

Prominent entrance in the north will be established and woodland walks will be improved and maintained, strengthening the connection to the Antonine Wall.

45

Framework and Coding

Phase 3: 2031- 2036

By the end of 2036: Demolition of some of the tenements on Kingfauns Drive, in fill of the remaining vacant land along Kingfauns Drive will have been established.

Construction will have been finished on the housing Ladyloan Ave, south of the carehome and the community hall between Linkwood Drive and Blackcraig Avenue.

Both Summerhill and Drumchapel parks will be upgraded with retention ponds and other facilities for visitors.

Park Plaza will be completed, with, seating areas, active frontage and water features.

46

Drumchapel

Phase 4: 2037-2042

By the end of 2042: The construction of the housing along Ladyloan Avenue will be completed, connecting the two neighbourhood nodes.

Summerhill Orchard and the housing opposite will be completed along with the remaining housing along Kingfauns that will be demolished and reconstructed.

The neighbourhood will have a density of 5000+ UPH.

47

Framework and Coding

Detailed Masterplan

48

Drumchapel

49

Framework and Coding

Urban Main Roads Proposed New Urban Main Road Park Avenue In our masterplan area we have proposed a new urban main road connecting the district centre to the northern gateway to Drumchapel via our new local node. We have also named this a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;green avenueâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; meaning there will be a strong presence of trees, planting and greenery. The carriageway is 6m wide along for the passing of buses and larger vehicles with ease. We have designed 2m to 4m wide green strips along either side to provide on-street parking bays, swales and green planting. This aims to add character and visual interest to the road, as well as aid in the reduction of fuel and noise pollution. Pavements are 3m wide allowing for all NMU to use them, with a dedicated single lane cycle track on each side of the carriageway.

Building typology includes mid-high density including terraces, townhouses and flats. The buildings are set back 0-4m from the road, to maintain a strong visual connection and provide a more urban environment. Active frontages line the road in places adding to the complex street scene. The overall street width is 21m plus creating an appropriate parameters for an urban main road. The whole street has been designed with a permeable paving surface treatment to support SUDS with contrasting colours for the pavement, carriageway and crossings.

50

Fig. Urban Main Road Toronto

Drumchapel

51

Framework and Coding

Local Main Roads Existing Local Main Road

Proposed Local Main Road

Kinfauns Drive The diagrams shows a typical stretch of Kinfauns Drive where three storey 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flats sit to one side of the road, whilst the other side of the road contains vacant land. Vacant land has a negative impact on the street as it encourages anti-social behaviour and fly tipping. The carriageway is 9.5m in width, this allows for high speed traffic and makes crossing the road more difficult for pedestrians due to the width. Again, there is a lack of defined parking so ad-hoc parking takes up one of the three plus lanes, which has a poor visual impact on the street scene. The pavements are 3m wide allowing for a higher pedestrian traffic level which does not currently exist. The housing is set back around 9m with metal railings surrounding the front gardens, disconnecting them from the street. The road and pavement surfaces are impermeable tarmac meaning flooding in these are more likely as there are currently no SUDS in place.

Kinfauns Drive The diagram shows our proposed approach of how to enhance the existing environment. Due to the width of the carriageway we have proposed a central island, this improves both the speed of traffic and ease of crossing for pedestrians. The central green island allows for tree planting, swales and SUDS. The island and greenery create a sense of space and character, while adding to the local green network and producing a visually pleasant and safe road. The trees also act as a traffic calming measure. central island can also provide onstreet parking in areas. Pavements have been kept to a standard 2m in width which is appropriate for the level of footfall expected. Housing setbacks are between 3-6m to maintain a connection with street and allow for private parking, where possible.

Fig. Local Main Road, Hornchurch

52

Drumchapel

53

Framework and Coding

Plaza Existing Local Main Road Kinfauns Drive – overlooking the park The diagrams shows a stretch of Kinfauns Drive where three storey 1950’s flats sit to one side of the road, whilst the other side of the road contains Drumchapel Park.

The carriageway is 9m in width, this allows for high speed traffic and makes crossing the road more difficult for pedestrians due to the width. Again, there is a lack of defined parking so ad-hoc parking takes up one of the three plus lanes, which has a poor visual impact on the street scene. The pavements are 3m wide allowing for a higher pedestrian traffic level which does not currently exist. The overall width from building to the park is over 25m, this distance means a lack of overlooking to the park, encouraging anti-social behaviour. The housing is set back around 9m with metal railings surrounding the front gardens, disconnecting them from the street. The road and pavement surfaces are impermeable tarmac meaning flooding in these are more likely as there are currently no SUDS in place.

Proposed Local Main Road and New Public Plaza Park Plaza The diagram shows how we propose to improve the street scene by enhancing the relationship of the road and the existing park. As Drumchapel Park is a key feature of the locale we aim to enhance this by forming a new public plaza where Kinfauns Drive, Linkwood Drive and Park Avenue meet Drumchapel Park and the edge of the District Centre. The paving adjacent to the park has been widened to allow for increased pedestrian traffic and create a safer user-friendly environment. The whole area has been enhanced with a new permeable paving surface treatment to support SUDS with contrasting colours for the pavement, carriageway and crossings.

Slimline bollards have been placed around these areas to provide a safe environment that is visually unobstructed.

A ‘green planting strip’ runs alongside the carriageway opposite the park to maintain the connection of the green network. Balconies and terraces should be integrated into the design of buildings overlooking the park to produce a safe, interactive and visually complex environment.

54

Drumchapel

55

Framework and Coding

Local Roads Existing Typical Example

Proposed Typical Example

The diagram shows a typical example of a local road The diagram shows our proposed approach for rein Drumchapel in its current state. The carriageway designing local roads and creating new ones. The is 6m wide, this width generally allows for high speed carriageway width has been reduced to 5m this is more traffic and would be more appropriate for a main road. appropriate for this type of road as it discourages high However as there is no off-street parking or parking bays speed traffic. The pavements have been retained at the provided in the street, one lane of the carriageway is standard width of 2m, this allows for three people to taken up by ad-hoc on-street parking. This causes many pass or a single person and a person with a pram or problems such as a lack of visibility for pedestrians wheelchair to pass. Private driveways and garages are crossing the road and access difficulties for emergency present where possible and Parking bays have been vehicles. The pavements are between 2m-3m, this is a provided for on street parking and guest parking. The good standard width. The housing typology consists of on-street parking is within a designated area, within a mainly 1950’s style three storey flats, the buildings are ‘green strip’ this helps to soften the visual impact of the set back over 10m in some cases, this results in a lack of cars on the road. The ‘green strip’ also supports SUDS enclosure of the street, which helps pedestrians to feel as it allows for natural absorption and can contain mini comfortable when using them. It also means the streets swales where appropriate. The housing typology on aren’t closely overlooked resulting in many unsafe local roads ranges from mid to low density and includes environments. Metal railings surround all properties townhouses, terraces, semi-detached and detached which has a negative visual impact on the street. The houses. The houses are set back between 3m-6m this road and pavement surfaces are impermeable tarmac allows the properties to maintain a visual connection meaning flooding in these are more likely as there are with the street and in many cases allows for private currently no SUDS in place. off-street parking. Streets will have a maximum width of 20m measured from building to building to maintain a feeling of enclosure. All front gardens can have either timber fencing up to 1200mm high or a natural buffer of privet hedge etc. This maintains the visual connection to the street and is visually softer in appearance than the existing metal railings. Permeable tarmac and sets have been selected for the carriageway and pavement to allow for SUDS and prevent flooding.

Fig. Local street, Poundbury

Fig. Local street, Poundbury

56

Drumchapel

57

Framework and Coding

VH-

(151-165 u/ha)

H+

H=

H-

(131-150 u/ha)

(116-130 u/ha)

(101-115 u/ha)

(81

mixed-use/ 4 tennement

4 storey tennement

3 storey tennement

3s

Mixed-Use

Mixed-Use

Mixed-Use/ Residential

Residential

Building Type

Multi-Family (Apartments)

Multi-Family (Apartments)

Multi-Family (Apartments)

Multi-Family (Apartments)

Aggregation

Line, double, aggregated in row, attached

Line, double, aggregated in row, attached

Line, double, aggregated in row, attached

Line, double, aggregated in row, attached

Building Height (Storey)

4-5

4

3-4

3

Units per Floor

1-2

1-2

1-2

1-2

Average Units per Plot

5-10

4-8

4-8

4-8

Average Population per Unit

2-5

2-5

2-5

2-5

Average Population per Plot

10-50

8-40

8-40

8-40

Street (Communal Entrance)

Street (Communal Entrance)

Street (Communal Entrance)

Street (Communal Entrance)

Stre

On-Street/ On-Block Communal

On-Street/ On-Block Communal

On-Street/ On-Block Communal

On-Street/ On-Block Communal

On-St C

Communal/ Balconies

Communal/ Balconies

Communal/ Balconies

Communal/ Balconies

Use

Access Parking Open Space Type

fig. Mixed-use, residential

58

M (A

Li aggr

Comm

fig. residential, 3-storey

Precedent References fig. Mixed-use, residential

R

fig. residential, 3-storey

Drumchapel

M+

M=

M-

L+

L=

L-

1-100 u/ha)

(66-80 u/ha)

(51-65 u/ha)

(31-50 u/ha)

(16-30 u/ha)

(0-15 u/ha)

storey terrace

2 strorey terrace

4 in a block

2 storey terrace

semi-detached

detached

Residential

Residential/LiveWork

Residential/LiveWork

Residential

Residential

Residential

Multi-Family Apartments)

Multi-Family (Apartments)

Single-Family (House)

Single-Family (House)

Single-Family (House)

Single-Family (House)

Line, double, aggregated in row, attached

Line, single, aggregated in row, attached

Line, single, aggregated in row, attached

Line, single, aggregated in row, attached

Isolated in Lot

3

2-3

2-3

2

2

1-2

1-2

1-2 (Multiple Floors)

1 (Multiple Floors)

1 (Multiple Floors)

1 (Multiple Floors)

1 (Multiple Floors)

4-8

3-6

4

1

1

1

3-5

3-5

1-3

2-4

2-4

2-6

12-30

3-5

6-10

2-4

2-4

2-6

Street (Communal Entrance)

Street (Private Entrance)

Street (Private Entrance)

Street (Private Entrance)

Street (Private Entrance)

treet/ On-Block Communal

On-Street/ Private

On-Street/ Private

On-Street/ Private

On-Street/ Private

On-Street/ Private

munal/ Balconies

Private Gardens

Private Gardens

Private Gardens

Private Gardens

Private Gardens

ine, double, regated in row, attached

eet (Communal Entrance)

fig. residential. 2/3-storey

fig. residential, 3- storey

fig. residential, 2-storey

fig. residential, 2-storey

fig. residential, 2 storey

59

Framework and Coding

Local Urban Code Woodlands- 150UPH

- Great Western Road: Urban Main Road - Rupert Street : Local Road - West Princes Street : Local Road - Dunearn Street : Local Road

Partick- 135.7UPH

- Clarence Drive - Local Main Road - Airlie Street - Local Road - Polwarth Street - Local Road - Queensborourgh Gardens - Local Road

Garnethill- 123.9 UPH

-West Graham Street- Urban Main Road -Dalhousie Street- Local Road -Buccleuch Street- Local Road -Scott Street- Local Road

60

Drumchapel

Dennistoun-106.6 UPH

- Onslow Drive : Local Road - Meadowpark Street : Local Road - Craigpark Drive : Local Road - Alexander Park Street : Local Main Road

Maryhill- 73.9 UPH

- Bonawe Street : Local Road - Maryhill Road : Urban Road - Dalmally Road : Local Road - Kirkland Street : Local Road

Whiteinch- 45 UPH

-Victoria Park Drive- Urban Main Road -Dumbarton Road- Local Main Road -Lime Street- Local Road -Elm Street- Local Road

61

Framework and Coding

Mixed-Use High Density Mixed Use: Mixed use building will feature at our neighbourhood node and at our district node. These are areas of highest density, along the urban main road and around new public squares. This building typology will hold a mix of residential on upper floors and commercial retail and offices on the lower levels.

The private dwellings on the upper floors are accessed from the main streets and have communal space to the rear of the dwelling and apartments will have balconies.

The balconies will promote activity at the front of the building and further populate the public spaces below.

There will also be private gardens to the rear of the building along with loading bays for the commercial units on the ground floors.

The ground floor will provide adaptable active frontage with units suitable space for a variety of uses. The design of the units will aim to reduce the likelihood of vacancy.

Fig. Mixed-use development in Des Moines, IA, United States

Fig. Mixed-use units in Nuevo Leรณn, Mexico

Fig. Mixed-use commercial and residential in North Bethesda, MD

62

Drumchapel

High Density Residential Flats: The high-density flats will be located close to the district and neighbourhood node, they will create a gradual step down in density along with a change of building typology.

This typology will be located along the urban main road and local main roads within our study area.

There will be 4 storeys of apartments that will have communal access from the street, with shared private gardens to the rear of the building. Balconies will also be encouraged as they will increase activity on the front of the building and improve the surveillance of the streets.

Ground floor ceiling height will also be between 4-5m to higher to allow adaptability in the future. The additional ceiling height will mean that ground floor apartments can be adapted to meet growing future demand for retail

Fig. Four-Storey social housing development in London

or commercial space.

Fig. Four-storey apartment building in London

Fig. Four storey apartment bulding in Queensland

63

Framework and Coding

Medium Density Residential Flats: The medium density apartments will be 3-4 storeys and are multi-family homes in an aggregated form.

These are located on the urban main road and local as a further gradual step down in density. These typologies are located further from the district and neighbourhood. Access to the apartments are from a communal entrance and all apartments will have access to a shared garden to the rear of the building.

The varying storey heights will mean that the roof scape will have differing lines, this will increase the diversity in building typology and architectural style. On the buildings overlooking the urban main road, balconies and roof terraces to again encourage the continuation of activity of the street edge while increasing safety.

Fig. Three-storey apartments in Sint-Agatha-Berchem, Belgium

Fig. Social housing in Paris, France Fig. Three- storey apartments in Norfolk Park, Sheffield

64

Aggregated Row Single-family

Drumchapel

Medium Density Row Housing and Low Density Row Housing: These densities will be made up of terraced housing, they will be between 2 and 3 storeys and 4-in-a-block.

The distance from the district and neighbourhood node will determine the storey height. The mix of facades and roof lines will create a diverse neighbourhood.

Access to these units will be from the street, they will be situated along local main roads. These building will be set back from the road this is to allow parking at the front of the dwelling while also along the space to contribute to the character of the street. The units will

Fig. Three-storey terraces on a sloped surface, San Francisco.

have individual private gardens to the rear and in some locations access to garages.

The proposed typologies will be within walking distance to public transport and local services, the density on this area will be able to support the facilities and will provide access to district facilities. The plots for these typologies will vary in size and shape, this will allow for future adaptations and the potential for live work units within the gardens.

Fig. Two-Storey terraces in London

Fig. Three- storey terraces in Luxembourg

Fig. Three- Storey terraces in Newhall, Essex

65

Framework and Coding

Isolated Single-family Low Density Semi-detached Housing: Semi-detached units will be located in low density areas along local roads and shared space streets. This typology will be within larger plots, providing the units with large private gardens and driveways. The larger plot size will mean that the units are more adaptable for future changing trends. Semi-detached housing has a somewhat characteristic of suburban areas so therefore they should only be used along low density street edges.

66

Fig. Semi-detached houses in Dublin, Ireland

Fig. Semi-detached houses in Calgary, Canada

Fig. Semi-detached houses in Santiago, Chile

Fig. Semi-detached houses in Co Kildare, Ireland

Drumchapel

Low Density Detached Housing: Detached housing is found in similar locations to the semi-detached housing. They will be along low density streets on local roads these will be further out from the local and district nodes. This typology provides the larger family homes and as they have isolated plots there is scope to extend within the plot. Detached units also have the typical suburban characteristics, the streets will be more residential with local access.

Fig. Detached house in Lystrup, Denmark

Fig. Detached house in County Kildare, Republic of Ireland

Fig. Detached house in Santiago, Chile

67

Framework and Coding

Specialist Buildings The Community and Skills Centre PROJECT: Hillhead Community Centre LOCATION: Kirkintilloch CLIENT: East Dunbartonshire Council per hub West Scotland ARCHITECT: macmon PROJECT: Cumbernauld Community Enterprise Centre LOCATION: North Lanarkshire CLIENT: North Lanarkshire Council ARCHITECT: Collective Fig. Hillhead Community Centre, Glasgow.

PROJECT: The Cutty Sark Community Centre LOCATION: West Dunbartonshire CLIENT: Bellsmyre Development Trust ARCHITECT: Collective

Fig. Cumbernauld Community Enterprise Centre, North Lanarkshire.

Fig. The Cutty Sark Community Centre, Dumbarton.

68

Drumchapel

New Primary School PROJECT: Cairns Primary School LOCATION: South Lanarkshire CLIENT: South Lanarkshire Council ARCHITECT: RMJM / Paul Stallan PROJECT: Castlepark Primary School & Early Years Centre LOCATION: Carron Place, Irvine CLIENT: North Ayrshire Council ARCHITECT: JM Architects PROJECT: David Livingstone Memorial Primary School

Fig. Cairns Primary School, Cambuslang

LOCATION: Morven Avenue, Blantyre CLIENT: South Lanarkshire Council Education Services ARCHITECT: Aedas

Fig. Castlepark Primary School and Early Years Centre, Irvine

Fig. David Livingstone Memorial Primary School, Blantyre

69

Framework and Coding

Ecological Network SuDS Current high level of surface flooding risk across our new neighbourhood node, it is therefore important that the materials used improve the steady flow of surface water runoff along with the infiltration rates. SuDs are seen as a strong measure for combating flooding.

Fig. Infiltration trench

Retention Ponds Retention ponds- can be applied in the parks to provide stormwater attenuation and treatment- they support emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation along the waterline, they can therefore cope with fluctuations in water levels. The retention ponds are seen to be visually more attractive as they have a permanent water level.

Vegetation helps to stabilise the embankments and slow erosion. Ponds can be fed by a swale system, filter drain network of a conventional surface water system.

Fig. Retention Pond, Wales

Fig. Retention Pond, Wales

Permeable Surfaces Permeable street surfaces important, prevents laying water and infiltration. Pervious surfaces are suitable for pedestrian and vehicular traffic while they allowing rainwater to infiltrate through the surface and into underlying layers.

Materials- Topmix Permeable fast draining concrete paving solution rapidly redirects stormwater off streets, parking surfaces, driveways and walkways.

70

Drumchapel

Building Materials Roof materials clay roof tiles, metal and vegetated roofs work well for harvesting rainwater as they have low pollutants- can be consumed if the materials dont pollute the water. Rainwater collection could be reused for flushing toilets.

Fig. Vegetated roof

Fig. Rainwater retention roof.

Vegetation Planting Native vegetation will be planted across the site. crack willow (near ponds), grey willow 9( wet sites), bay leaved willow (will grow on sites where there is occasional flooding), Guelder-rose ( mixed woodland, enriches the biodiversity, damp areas) and hazel.

Fig. Grey Willow

Fig. Crack Willow Fig. Guelder-rose

71

Framework and Coding

Detailed Mastersplan Coding CODING: Commerce Building Code All office buildings to have minimum one floor dedicated to hot desks and small area hire to facilitate local business and self employed companies with affordable options.

All office buildings to have showering and changing facilities to encourage fitness and sustainable transport use.

All office buildings to have shopfront style ground floor 4-5m in height to form active frontage.

Active Frontage Code To be 4-5m in height to facilitate a wider variety of uses.

Canopies to extend maximum 2.5m from frontage.

Cafes and restaurants to have automatic pavement usage permit extending up to 3m from frontage. Time restrictions apply: opening until 10pm.

Tenancy mix?

Shared space Code All vehicle carriageways and pedestrian pavements to be distinguished through contrasting colours of surface materials.

All street surface materials to incorporate SUDS. Summerhill Square and Park Plaza to have bollards surrounding edge of pedestrian precinct and vehicle carriageway.

Block Code To facilitate diversity, resilience and encourage the formation of a distinctive characterful place.

Mid-high density: A maximum of 3 flatted plots in a row can be designed by the same developer or architect within a block.

Low Density: A maximum of one street edge in a block can be designed by one developer or architect.

Low Density Streets: If waste and recycling bins have to be kept within the front curtilage of a building, a bin store must be designed as part of the main dwelling, for example it could form part of the plot boundary wall.

Street Planting: Trees Silver birch 15-20m Downy birch 15m Crab apple (food for nature) Bird cherry 15m in height (blossoms white in may and yellow colour in autumn) Sessile Oak (slow growing) Rowan 8-15m - good for streets Whitebeam?

- - -

Source: Roots and Routes Source: Tree routes in the built environment Source: BS 5837 (2005) Trees in relation to construction

Orchard Planting: Blackthorn - hedgerow - sloe berries - sloe gin - max 6-7m high Crab apple - max 7-9m high - makes jam, pies, sauces Elder - max 10m high - flowers make wine or cordial - berries make jam or pies Hawthorn - upto 15m high - haws can be used for jellies, wines, ketchups Rowan - 8-15m - berries can be used to make chutney for meets and cheese Scottish apple - cooking and eating varieties (over 50 species) Pear trees (over 20 species) Plum trees (at least 5 suitable species) Damson trees (at least 3 suitable species)

72

Drumchapel

Cherry trees (at least 3 suitable species) Allotments in Scotland Plant in Spring: Potatoes, carrots, cucumbers, leeks, sweetcorn, courgettes, squash Plant in summer: Chicory, pumpkins Plant in Autumn: Raspberries, gooseberries, broad beans.

Plant in winter: Apple trees, rhubarb, onions.

Plant herbs in window boxes.

Plant tomatoes in greenhouses.

Pot strawberries plants in sunny spots in summer.

A 250sqm plot is recognised as the size of plot required for a family of four to be fully self sufficient in fruit and vegetables. This also allows for crop rotation to maintain healthy soil and produce.

Half and quarter plots could be available to encourage first time growers and promote inclusivity of couples, single people and the elderly.

73

Framework and Coding

Special Places Summerhill Square

74

Drumchapel

75

Framework and Coding

76

Drumchapel

77

Framework and Coding

78

Drumchapel

79

Framework and Coding

80

Drumchapel

81

Framework and Coding

Summerhill Park

82

Drumchapel

83

Framework and Coding

84

Drumchapel

85

Framework and Coding

86

Drumchapel

87

Framework and Coding

Park Plaza

88

Drumchapel

89

Framework and Coding

90

Drumchapel

91

Framework and Coding

92

Drumchapel

93

Framework and Coding

Shared Street

94

Drumchapel

95

Framework and Coding

96

Drumchapel

97

Framework and Coding

98

Drumchapel

99

Framework and Coding

References www.carplus.org.uk Roots and Routes.PDF Tree routes in the built environment.PDF BS 5837 (2005) Trees in relation to construction Woodlandtrust.org http://www.scottishfruittrees.com/Scottish_Fruit_Trees/Ordering_files/Scottish%20Fruit%20Trees%20201718%20Stocklist%20complete.pdf http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2002/06/14891/5585 http://www.growyourownscotland.info/case-studies/ http://www.greenerscotland.org/eating-greener/local-in-season-food/grow-your-own-food https://beta.gov.scot/publications/allotments-further-guidance-local-authorities-community-empowermentscotland-act-2015/pages/3/ www.urbanmovement.co.uk/sauchiehallstreet.html http://www.collectivearchitecture.com/ http://www.urbanrealm.com/ https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/ https://www.dezeen.com/ https://www.architectural-review.com/ https://www.pps.org/projects/from-parking-lot-to-gathering-place-sundance-square-leads-as-a-model-forprogrammable-public-space https://www.pps.org/projects/bryantpark https://www.dezeen.com/2018/02/13/mcginlay-bell-completes-glasgow-terraces-alternating-black-whitefacades/ http://jaastudio.co.uk/project/chatham/ https://www.archdaily.com/382507/tetris-social-housing-and-artist-studios-moussafir-architectes https://www.archdaily.com/796047/san-ignacio-houses-ix2-arquitectura https://www.archdaily.com/549620/6-identical-differences-architectuuratelier-dertien12 https://www.archdaily.com/402709/z53-social-housing-map-mx-grupo-nodus https://www.archdaily.com/364699/3-social-dwellings-chartier-dalix-architects https://cecastudio.co.uk/projects/green-homes/ https://fcbstudios.com/work/view/accordia http://www.snugarchitects.co.uk/blog/?p=1327 http://www.historictownsforum.org/node/257 https://www.susdrain.org/external/gallery-ajax-template.html?albumid=5787723254794410465 https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/bell-phillips-wins-go-ahead-for-128-council-houses-inessex/8678257.article https://www.flickr.com/photos/shellewill79/8600459762 https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/the-benefits-of-a-green-roof-170607 http://www.earthtimes.org/going-green/roof-rainwater-runoff-collection-urged-experts/1542/ https://www.first-nature.com/trees/salix-fragilis.php www.urbanrealm.com/buildings/1015/Hillhead_Community_Centre.html www.urbanrealm.com/buildings/788/David_Livingstone_Memorial_Primary_School.html http://www.urbanrealm.com/buildings/1036/Castlepark_Primary_School_%26_Early_Years_Centre.html http://www.urbanrealm.com/buildings/718/Cairns_Primary_School.html https://cecastudio.co.uk/projects/green-homes/ http://jaastudio.co.uk/project/chatham/ https://www.dezeen.com/2018/02/13/mcginlay-bell-completes-glasgow-terraces-alternating-black-whitefacades/ https://www.archdaily.com/382507/tetris-social-housing-and-artist-studios-moussafir-architectes https://www.archdaily.com/796047/san-ignacio-houses-ix2-arquitectura https://www.archdaily.com/549620/6-identical-differences-architectuuratelier-dertien12 https://www.archdaily.com/402709/z53-social-housing-map-mx-grupo-nodus https://www.archdaily.com/364699/3-social-dwellings-chartier-dalix-architects https://cecastudio.co.uk/projects/green-homes/ http://jaastudio.co.uk/project/chatham/ https://www.dezeen.com/2018/02/13/mcginlay-bell-completes-glasgow-terraces-alternating-black-whitefacades/ https://www.archdaily.com/382507/tetris-social-housing-and-artist-studios-moussafir-architectes

100

Drumchapel

https://www.archdaily.com/796047/san-ignacio-houses-ix2-arquitectura https://www.archdaily.com/549620/6-identical-differences-architectuuratelier-dertien12 https://www.archdaily.com/402709/z53-social-housing-map-mx-grupo-nodus https://www.archdaily.com/364699/3-social-dwellings-chartier-dalix-architects

101

Department of Architecture University of Strathclyde Glasgow strath.ac.uk/engineering/architecture/