Milton Booklet No.3a
Stage
Package
Analysis
Planning Framework
Prepared by Martin Fleischmann, Shenmin Lu, Taina Lund-Ricard, Chris Wiseman Urban Design Studies Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, September - October 2016
Booklet No.3
Introduction This booklet contains an overview of planning policies, current and future affecting Glasgow’s urban realm. The purpose is to understand the direction Glasgow will be taking in the next thirty years and in which ways this will affect Milton, if at all. Next, an analysis of the neighborhood looking specifically at land use and available services, topography, street networks hierarchy and existing channels of movement will allow an understanding of the studied area in relation to these policies. Ultimately the idea is to understand how policies will shape future proposals for Milton, whether all policies are beneficial for the area and what policies the Milton proposal can be grafted onto. The final proposal for Milton must relate to Glasgow’s overall policies if we wish it to be successfuly implemented in the next thirty years.
Authors Taina Lund-Ricard
Architecture, University of Strathclyde
Martin Fleischman
Architecture and Urbanism, Czech Technical University in Prague
Chris Wiseman
Landscape Architecture, University of Gloucestershire, Geography, Lancaster University
Shenmin Lu
Architecture, University of Liverpool
Planning Framework
Contents Introduction Contents Planning Policy Planning Policy Analysis Regeneration and Housing Transport Strategic Industry and Business Environment Clydeplan Woodlands Site Specific Policy, Design and Development Guides Local Planning Initiatives and Applications Conclusions
2 3 4
Milton: A Statistical Portrait
7 8 14 18 22 28 30 36 40 42
Housing Employment Health and Crime Transport
44 46 48 50
Land Use
52
Housing Housing Developments Land Use / Primary Services
54 56 58
Food Health Education
60 64 66
Land Use / Secondary Services Miscellaneous Shops Hot Drinks and Cold Drinks
74 76
Land Use / Community Spaces Books and Boxing Parks Churches Community Led Developments Open Space Strategy Summary
78 80 82 84 86 88
Topography Glasgow Milton Slopes Flooding Geology Ground Conditions Vacant and Derelict Land
90 92 94 96 98 100 102
Street Hierarchy Roads and Nodes
104
Channels of Movement
108
Buses and Trains Bikes Core Paths Motorised Traffic Flow Speed Study Liddesdale Road to Ashgyll Road
110 114 118 120 122 126
Other Proposals Hildebrandt Frey’s Proposal References Figure List
130 132 134
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Planning Policy The proposed development of the Milton site will be subject to a regulatory and planning policy framework.
National Planning Policy The purpose of the National Planning Framework 3 (NPF) is to provide the context for development planning in Scotland. NPF3 acts as the national framework for the spatial development of Scotland as a whole; that is, the future direction of development across the country. It sets out the Government’s development priorities over the next 20 years (Scottish Government, 2014, National Planning Framework 3). Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) sets out national policies to support sustainable development and the creation of high quality places; two overarching policy principles include a presumption in favour of development that contributes to sustainable development, and placemaking which seeks the creation of high quality spaces (Scottish Government, 2014, Scottish Planning Policy).
Regional Planning Policy
Fig. 1 :Scottish Government (2014) NPF3
The Clydeplan Strategic Development Plan (CSDP) (2016) is intended to be a ‘concise and visionary’ document which set out a clear vision and spatial strategy for the area (Joint Councils of East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire (2016), ‘Proposed Strategic Development Plan 2016 Submitted for Examination’, p6). The CSDPs focus is on key land use and development issues that cross the planning authority boundaries. Region-wise issues such as housing, transport and water are not constrained by administrative boundaries and can be tackled strategically. Fig. 2 :Joint Authorities (2016), Clydeplan Cover
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City Plan 2 The City Plan 2 is the adopted development plan for Glasgow. It is the City’s response to regeneration challenges and opportunities. As such, it outlines a broad development strategy over a 20 year period, accompanied by a more detailed set of policies to guide development over the 5 year term since its adoption. The ‘Vision’ of the plan states: “The design, location, scale and nature of new developments in Glasgow will help to create a City of successful, sustainable places and will result in an improved quality of life for those living, investing, working in and visiting the City.” (Glasgow City Council, 2009, City Plan 2. p.4) This vision, and strategy, of City Plan 2 (hereafter referred to as ‘GCC CP2’) is to be underpinned by three guiding principles (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.4):
Fig. 3 :GCC (2009), City Plan 2 Cover
• Promoting Social Renewal and Equality of Opportunity; • Delivering Sustainable Development; and • Improving the Health of the City and its Residents. These guiding principles are supported by three Strategic Policies (CP2, p.5-9): • Strat 1: Outlines the critical role which sustainable design will play • Strat 2: The importance of planning action in the Key Regeneration Areas • Strat 3: The planning delivery mechanisms
CP2 addresses some of the broad land use, environmental and social renewal issues facing the City under the four broad, city-wide themes (GCC, 2009, CP2:Summary, p.1-2):
People
• “Continuing to promote brownfield housing, including new neighbourhoods and other major redevelopment opportunities; • Redeveloping significant areas of social housing; • Identifying community growth areas to meet housing demand which cannot be met on brownfield sites; and • Creating residential environments which have a sense of identity, are safe and pleasant, contain a mix of compatible uses and promote the use of resources in a sustainable way.”
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Jobs • “Maintaining the attractiveness of the city centre as Glasgow’s main location for offices; • Protecting important industrial and business sites; • Identifying locations for future industrial and business investment; • Improving the quality of the environment in industrial and business areas; and • Maintaining a minimum 10-year land supply for industrial and business development”
Environment
• “Promoting high-quality, sustainable design and construction; • Protecting and improving conservation areas, listed buildings, archaeological sites and sites that are important for their wildlife and plant life; • Improving the quality of public spaces (for example, street lighting and street surfacing); • Improving biodiversity; • Developing the City’s core paths network; and • Investigating the possibilities for renewable-energy developments (developments that use types of energy which do not run out, such as wind and solar energy).”
Infrastructure • “Reducing the need to travel, particularly by car; • Promoting development in the city centre and other town centres; • Promoting an overall reduction in waste; • Reducing flooding; • Providing modern education and hospital facilities; and • Improving the quality, range and accessibility of cultural and sporting facilities in the City.”
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Fig. 4 :Designed by FreePik and distributed by FlatIcon
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Proposed City Development Plan The Proposed Glasgow City Development Plan (GCDP) was submitted to Scottish Ministers on 24 June 2015 for examination. It is not yet adopted, but when it is it will provide the strategy for the development of Glasgow over the next 10 years. This document has informed the planning policy framework analysis as it constitutes GCC’s vision for the future development of the City. As such, due consideration will be given to the potential opportunities or constraints faced by the Milton site.
Fig. 5 :GCC (2015), Glasgow Proposed City Development Plan cover
Planning Policy Analysis The planning policy analysis has undertaken the form of a review of policy across Glasgow under the following 7 headings: • Regeneration and Housing; • Strategic Industry and Business; • Transport; • Environment; • Site Specific Policy; • Design Guidelines; and • Local Planning Initiatives. The policies analysed below are pertinent to the Milton site directly. Comparisons will be drawn throughout the analysis to aid an understanding of the policy drivers for Glasgow, North Glasgow, and for Milton itself.
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Regeneration and Housing City Plan 2 identifies several strategic regeneration plans aimed at the future regeneration of the city and some of its most deprived areas. The following analysis considers what policies have shaped modern-day Glasgow and what influence these policies have had, if any, on the Milton site. The potential opportunities or constraints facing future developments in Milton will also be exposed.
Metropolitan and Strategic Growth Corridors Strategic Growth Corridors were identified across the metropolitan and wider Glasgow area. These ‘Key Regeneration Areas’ are broad scale parts of the City that require, or offer the potential for, coordinated planning action on a significant scale in order to stimulate and deliver sustainable regeneration (GCC, 2009, CP2 p.66). The Key Regeneration Area Plan (Inset map) (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.101) indicates that a masterplan was to be prepared and implemented for Milton. However this was never followed through (GCC LDP Monitoring Statement, p.81). Therefore, the Milton site has remained largely unchanged since it was planned and developed in the 1950s, and currently lies at the periphery of the city’s strategic planning policy vision. The Glasgow City Development Plan (GCDP) proposed its own sustainable Spatial Strategy (Policy CDP 2), which looks to identify strategic growth across North Glasgow. Part of their vision is to become a connected network of Centres (GCC, 2015, GCDP, Figure 4, p.24). Milton is identified as one of these centres: a ‘vibrant neighbourhood’ (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.25), well connected to local centres with growing economies at Maryhill, Sighthill and Possilpark to the south. This is a strong driver for regeneration of Milton. ‘Vibrant’ is not explicitly described, but are broadly termed as multi-functional and sustainable destinations providing a range of goods and services (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.37).
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Fig. 6 :Regeneration and Housing Policy Diagram Forth and Clyde Action Plan New Neighbourhood Areas
Metropolitan Growth Corridor Strategic Growth Corridor
Community Growth Areas Transformational Regenaration Area GHA Priority Areas for Restructuring
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Local Development Strategies Local Development Strategies (LDS) are proposals which have been prepared for specific parts of the City where successful regeneration has to take changing circumstances and opportunities into account (GCC, 2009, CP2, p.7). Within North Glasgow, two LDS areas were proposed for the Forth and Clyde Canal and Ruchill / Keppoch. LDS areas have been affected by changes in the economy, this has particularly affected the housing market . However, the Forth and Clyde Canal Development Strategy - implemented through the Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan - has had schemes implemented, as discussed below. The LDS for the Forth and Clyde Canal sets out the context for improving the Canal as a resource and for ensuring that high standards of development are delivered. It aims to promote the Canal and adjacent areas as a vibrant quarter of the City (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.97). The Forth and Clyde Canal in particular is an important ‘spine’ of re-development within North Glasgow. Although the canal hugs the western edge of Milton, the LDS has not affected the site through policy. However, there is a progressive series of schemes moving north along the corridor. Since the Milton site borders the Forth and Clyde Canal there is the possibility that successful schemes could provide a precedent for regeneration of the site, using the canal corridor as a driver for change.
Fig. 7 : LDS Schemes
Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan Furthering the above LDS, Glasgow City Plan 2, provides the policy context for development in and around the canal corridor and identifies Glasgow North as a ‘Key Regeneration Area’, within which the canal forms a central spine. The broad ‘visions’ of the Action Plan include (GCC, 2014, FCCAP. p.5): • •
•
“Healthy, high quality places to live in, work in and visit Diverse, sustainable, both connected within and to adjacent communities, with an emphasis on sustainable transport and provision of services; Promoting the canal as a visitor destination”
The Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan (FCCAP) recognises the potential of the canal corridor to impact on, and act as a catalyst for, the wider regeneration of Glasgow North (GCC, 2014, FCCAP. p.8). The FCCAP seeks to create a string of distinctive places along the canal corridor; Spiers Lock as a new ‘creative quarter’. Key projects include:
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Fig. 8 : Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan Scheme
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• • • •
The Sighthill Transformational Regeneration Area (650 houses) Maryhill Locks (800 houses) Spiers Lock Port Dundas and Applecross-Firhill.
The Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan is one of the few strategic regeneration policies which has s physical link with the Milton site. There is here the potential to link-up with the regeneration scheme, and to support its aims through the Milton proposal. In this sense, as with other areas that have been regenerated along the canal, there needs to be a distinct community identity to the new proposal which will achieve the visions of the FCCAP (GCC, 2014, FCCAP. p.5). The emerging GCDP will continue to support the development of the Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan in the future development of Glasgow.
Fig. 9 :GCC (2013) Sighthill TRA, masterplan render
Community Growth Areas Community Growth Areas (CGAs) are areas of strategic greenfield release which are well located relative to public transport corridors, and provide opportunities to strengthen, and integrate with, existing communities (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.15). Each area was considered to have a potential capacity of around 1,500 houses (10,500 overall). As of 2011 applications had been received for just 1000 houses. Milton is not located within a CGA, but it is important to understand that there is a large underprovision of housing around Glasgow. The National Records of Scotland forecast that Glasgow’s population will grow by 15% between 2012 and 2037, an increase of 90,000 people. Household projections produced forecast that the total number of households in Glasgow will grow from 286,134 in 2012 to 354,006 in 2037, a rise of 24%. It is therefore important that the use of the site should consider sufficient residential development densities to accomodate the growing population.
Fig. 10 : Community Growth Areas
New Neighbourhoods New Neighbourhoods at Drumchapel, Ruchill/Keppoch (Glasgow North) were identified to address the issue of the net loss of families from the City (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.14). The New Neighbourhood areas were intended to provide middle-market family housing, within a range of housing types. Developments were intended to be a mix of private and social housing (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.14). The decline in the market for flatted properties has seen Fig. 11 :New Neighbourhoods Scheme
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construction activity in Oatlands focus mainly on two storey terraced, semi-detached and detached houses. (GCC, 2014, LDP Monitoring Statement. p.13). As a result of the New Neighbourhood initiative stalling there remains an under provision of strategic mid-market housing sites within North Glasgow and the City as a whole. Therefore, the Milton proposal will be required to provide a solution which offers a mix of housing types, including social housing and mid-market housing. This approach would also support contemporary urban design practice which promotes the mixing of housing types to avoid ‘ghettoisation’ (Barton.H et.al, 2010, Shaping Neighbourhoods. p.96)
Transformational Regeneration Areas The Transformational Regeneration Area (TRA) programme is a strategic-level scheme promoted by the Transforming Glasgow Partnership. The scheme is a partnership between Glasgow City Council, Glasgow Housing Associations (GHA) and the Scottish Government. The aim of this programme is the regeneration of deprived urban areas through a shift away from the zoned land use of previous social rented housing stock, towards a progressive mixed-use development approach integrated with green and blue networks and sustainable transport (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.68). Glasgow’s Strategic Housing Investment Plan (SHIP) 2011/12–2015/16 identifies the TRAs as a Key Priority, with three, (Gallowgate, Maryhill and Laurieston) currently progressing as pilot projects. The success of TRAs has, in part, relied on close links to other successful regeneration projects e.g. Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan. For Milton, the TRA programme could provide a broad planning framework to the future ‘connected centre’ vision of the emerging GCDP (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.25). Considered together with the analysis of CGA and New Neighbourhood initiatives, the site could aim to meet the principles and vision of TRAs while also meeting the city’s needs for greater levels of housing stock with a range of housing types.
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Fig. 12 :GCC (2016) Oatlands New Neighbourhood, masterplan render
Fig. 13 :TRA Scheme
Planning Framework
Glasgow Housing Association Priority Restructuring Areas According to City Plan 2, the most significant source of additional housing land identified in the city is the demolition programme itself. (GCC, 2009, CP2 p.17). Shockingly, Glasgow has more vacant sites than the rest of Scotland put together. 58% of its residents live within 500m of vacant and derelict land. This is double the national average. Milton’s residents are 36.7% more likely to be within 500m of desolate landscape. Only 3.2% of the site’s population escapes this (The Glasgow Indicators Project, 2012). Broad area-based allocations for priority restructuring have been identified by Glasgow City Council(GCC, 2009, CP2, p.17). However, none of these lie within the Milton site. However, it is evident from the existing site conditions, and future proposals (discussed below), that substantial clearance of social housing stock has already taken place, and more is planned to come down in the future. The purpose of the Priority Restructuring Areas has effectively been to enable large scale intervention within areas that have required regeneration. Consequently, these areas have a correlation to the Maryhill and Sighthill TRAs; both examples of where restructuring / demolition has been undertaken and regeneration through positive planning have subsequently been implemented. In terms of the Milton site there is, therefore, considerable precedent to show that large scale intervention – through clearing and restructuring – can strengthen and enhance the urban and social fabric.
Fig. 16 :GHA Priority Restructuring Areas
Fig. 15 :GCDP Figure 9: Sustainable Spatial Strategy: A concept diagram showing the spatial representation of The Plan’s strategy, witha strong emphasis on placemaking, health and wellbeing, and sustainability. (p.32).
Fig. 14 :GCDP Figure 4: Concept Diagram for Sustainable Spatial Strategy: A concept diagram illustrating how the City may look if the strategic outcomes are achieved (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.24).
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Transport The vision of City Plan 2 (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.38) seeks to: • “Advance social renewal by helping facilitate regeneration, attract jobs and retain existing employment, and by providing easy access to jobs, services and other destinations for all City residents, regardless of life circumstances. • Promote sustainability, by helping reduce the need to travel and increasing the use of sustainable modes for those trips which are undertaken; and • Improve residents’ health by minimising air and water pollution at source, increasing the opportunity for physical activity and by improving road safety through reducing traffic and traffic speeds, in appropriate locations.” The aim of the plan is to reduce car travel through changes to the infrastructure and land use of the city (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.38). The Plan supports closer integration of transport and land use planning in order to tackle climate change and promote sustainable development. Closer integration of land use and transport accessibility could improve the City’s ability to attract more passengers onto public transport. A number of proposals including new rail, extended FastLink bus service, railway stations, roads and park and ride schemes have been proposed throughout the City Plan 2 period, but none are located within the North Glasgow Key Regeneration Area / Strategic Corridor, or near Milton itself. As a result, Milton does not have fast, or frequent links via public transport to the wider city. These matters are discussed further below.
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Fig. 17 :Transport Policy Diagram Proposed Fastlink Proposed / Relocated Stations
Strategic Growth Corridor
Proposed Road Upgrade
Existing Subway
Mass Transit Search Area Proposed Rail Lines Main Rail Stations
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Mass Transit Search Areas GCC was due to commission SPT to undertake a Conurbation Public Transport Study to identify and promote a mass transit network (including light rapid transit or equivalent system) for the city (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.42). Milton was identified partly within one of the broad corridors of the Mass Transit Search Area. The Conurbation Public Transport Study has stalled since the adoption of City Plan 2. As a result, as noted by the GCDP Background Paper 11: Sustainable Transport (GCC, 2015, GCDP Background Paper 11: Sustainable Transport. p.9), a clear vision for the development of the public transport network in the City has not yet been set out. While Milton is not actively included in a strategic policy for mass transport, the vision of City Plan 2 and the aims of the emerging GCDP, place emphasis on sustainable and healthy transport, avoiding a reliance on cars and promoting public transport connectivity (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.56-57). Strategically, therefore, Milton lies in an area which was identified as a corridor with potential for mass transit, and where there is a quantifiable deficit in public transport connectivity. In policy terms, there exists the potential to achieve the spatial framework aims for Glasgow’s future as a connected city, and Milton’s place as a connected neighbourhood, through an exploration of appropriate mass transit solutions. Bus 75 is currently the only regular link towards the city centre and beyond. Other buses link Milton to nearby neighborhoods but run at a reduced fequency.
Cycling CP2 states walking and cycling require to be given a high priority in the design of new development in order to provide an environment which is attractive for, and encourages, travel on foot and by bicycle (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.43). The Local Development Plan Monitoring Statement notes City’s designated cycle network now extends to over 220 km, an increase on the 165 km identified in City Plan 2 (GCC, 2011, LDP Monitoring Statement. p.50). This increase in cycle route provision, and improvements to the cycle network streetscape design, has been delivered through various initiatives including the Smarter Places, Smarter Choices project and the Connect 2 schemes. The Scottish Government is seeking to support these forms of transport through through their 2010 report ‘Designing Streets: A Policy Statement for Scotland’ design guidance which advocates greater priority being given to walking and cycling (p.8). Both the existing City Plan 2 Policy Trans5 (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.227) and emerging GCDP will require new developments to be designed to promote and facilitate walking and cycling, including the provision of cycle parking and direct connections to the walking and
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Fig. 18 :Illustrative urban area (Landscape Institute, 2013, Green Infrastructure Position Paper, p.4)
Fig. 19 :Illustrative main green spine (Landscape Institute, 2013, Green Infrastructure Position Paper, p.5)
Fig. 20 :Illustrative upland area (Landscape Institute, 2013, Green Infrastructure Position Paper, p.5)
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cycling network (in particular to Core Paths and designated cycle routes) (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.58). The GCDP also promotes the integration of green infrastructure and sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) in creating these connections. In policy terms, the future development of the Milton site should encourage greater cycling opportunities through its inherent design, and should connect with the existing cycle network through corridors of integrated green infrastructure and SUDS.
Core Paths As described above, sustainable modes of transport including cycling and walking are part of the strategic aims and visions of existing and future planning policy. Core Paths are a network of pedestrian access routes created to allow reasonable access throughout an area, and are set out in a Core Path Statutory Plan required by the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.58). There are no established Core Paths within the Milton site; however, there is a concentration of Paths running along the Forth and Clyde canal and wider area to the west. The poorly maintained pathway on the eastern side of the canal acts as the edge of the studied site. On the other bank, a tarmac path allows easy cycling. As a result, there are few ‘designated’ walking routes through the site which do not utilise footpaths on the existing road infrastructure. Consequently, the current site layout and pedestrian environment does not provide an integrated approach to pedestrian /cycle networks required through City Plan 2 policy (GCC, 2009, CP2, p.296). Furthermore, there are few connections to the existing network as required by emerging GCDP policy as described above. The future development of the site should consider how this issue is addressed through the design of the pedestrian circulation network, as part of a hierarchy of integrated routes. Sommerston Feasibility Study Safeguarded Rail Formations Subway Fastlink Core Route New Roads M8 Possible Future Rail Stations Potential Rail Stations Potential High Speed Rail Terminus Subway Modernisation Proposed
Fig. 21 :GCDP Figure 19: Transport Policy Context A concept diagram showing transport infrastructure required to facilitate new development that supports the Plan’s strategy (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.58).
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Strategic Industry and Business The City Plan 2 Development Strategy (GCC, 2009, CP2, p.20) seeks to:
• “advance social renewal by providing a suf cient range, number and quality of employment opportunities, in locations that can be readily accessed by all City residents, regardless of life circumstances; • promote sustainability, by locating new business and industrial developments in locations which are easily accessible by foot, bicycle and public transport, thereby encouraging the reduction of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions; and • improve residents’ health by delivering new jobs, and retaining existing ones, thereby helping to improve life circumstances, reduce poverty and foster self-esteem”
Core Economic Development Area The City Plan 2 seeks to increase the level of industrial and business development activity within four Core Economic Development Areas (CEDAs) by improving the quality of the industrial and business land supply and maintaining a minimum 10 year supply of marketable land within them (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.23). Milton is identified as being within a CEDA. Development activity in the CEDAs has been affected by reduction in economic activity since the global economic crisis (GCC, 2011, LDP Monitoring Statement, p.28). The future of the CEDA policy is therefore being considered through the emerging Glasgow and Clyde Valley Strategic Development Planning ‘Clydeplan’, with the favoured option being the deletion of CEDAs and replacement with a general statement of support to encourage higher rates of economic growth on brownfield sites in sustainable locations (GCC, 2011, LDP Monitoring Statement, p.28). 1:80 000
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Fig. 22 :GCDP Policy Context Diagram Strategic Economic Investments Locations (SEILs)
Major Town Centres
Economic Development Areas
Opportunity Sites within Economic Development Locations Hospital / University Campuses
City Centre (SEIL)
River Clyde Development Corridor
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The issues relating to industrial and business development - that a significant amount of the land currently allocated for this use around Glasgow is in poor condition and not located in sustainable areas – still exists (GCC, 2011, LDP Monitoring Statement, p.27). This is the case for Milton. City Plan 2 states that much of the existing industrial and business space in the city is poor or obsolete, and over 20 years old (GCC, 2009, CP2, p.21), which reflects the Balmore Industrial Estate to the west of the site. Therefore in policy terms, future development of the site will be required to provide business or industry space which fulfils the vision of the Plan, if the existing site of industry and business is to be reused it will be required to provide modern, sustainable and attractive business space.
Fig. 23 :Wiseman. C (2016), Milton industrial estate
Strategic Industrial and Business Areas The Strategic Industrial and Business Areas (SIBAs) were a proposal within City Plan 2 to address the issue of a lack of high quality business and industry areas (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.169) through provision of single-use, well located sites (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.24). The economic downturn meant limited progress was made in these areas up to 2011, when the City Plan 2 Monitoring Statement was undertaken (GCC, 2011, LDP Monitoring Statement, p.29). The proposed GCDP seeks to take forward proposals which integrate with other compatible, employment supporting land uses within areas identified for future economic development (GCDP, p.36). It is proposed that the 66 Strategic Economic Locations identified in CP2 are rationalised to 19 Strategic Economic Investment Locations (SEILs). There are no SIBAs within the Milton site. The policy is, however, pertinent for two reasons; one, to demonstrate that single use sites across the city have not been successful - the Balmore Industrial Estate at Milton is typical of this zoned land use approach to development; and two, that the future approach of GCC recognises that successful commercial development works well with (compatible) supporting residential uses, and in well located areas.
Fig. 24 :Strategic Industrial and Business Areas Scheme
Safeguarded High Amenity Sites These sites were originally identified to protect high amenity business sites (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.170). The latest Scottish National Planning Policy does not preclude single use high amenity sites (Scottish Government, Edinburgh, 2014, Scottish Planning Policy.p.25). Instead, it directs strategic policy to consider these forms of development. In this regard the emerging GCDP states that alternative uses should be considered in industrial and business areas where change would be
Fig. 25 :Safeguarded High Amenity Scheme
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beneficial (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.20). As described above, Milton currently has a segregated industrial area which is single use and largely separated from its surrounding environment. The adjoining community currently experiences high levels of unemployment (28% of people of working age are in employment deprivation) and high levels of income deprivation (29.3%). Considering the strategic direction of the future GCDP, in policy terms the redevelopment of Milton should take into account integrating uses for the benefit of the future community.
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Environment City Plan 2 aims to protect and enhance the character and landscape setting of the City; to provide access to open spaces around Glasgow; and to help support regeneration and planned growth in the most appropriate locations (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.243). The Plan aims to extend the multifunctional benefits of green infrastructure to (amongst other things) increase the amenity of public space, provide water management and pedestrian connectivity. The City Plan’s vision is to (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.30): •
•
•
“Promote social renewal by enriching the environment of the City and creating attractive living and working environments, improving quality of life; Promote sustainability by protecting and enhancing biodiversity, greenspace and realising the potential of the green network for sustainable drainage systems; and Improve residents’ health through the positive impact which local greenspace, trees and woodlands and enhanced biodiversity can have on mental health and by providing or local access to the green network.”
Environmental Policies The Milton site is not covered by any specific environmental policy. However, in close proximity to the site are: • City-wide Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation; • Sites of Special Scientific Interest. These sites are protected by environmental legislation, and any adverse effects on these areas would not be permitted. Green Belt is not a landscape policy, and it does not mean that this land is inherently valuable in terms of its scenic quality. 1 : 50 000 Green
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Fig. 26 :Environment Policy Diagram Corridor
Sites of Special Scientific Importance
Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation
Green Belt
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In planning policy terms, Green Belt land is used to provide access to green space, stop urban sprawl, and to provide the setting for urban areas (Scottish Government, 2010, SPICE Briefing. p.3). Green Corridors are identified in the City Plan 2, and include rivers, streams, canals, hedgerows, trees, railway lines and trunk roads which are landscape features and important habitat areas in their own right (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.31). While the Milton site is not constrained by environmental designation, there are potentially sensitive areas nearby, particularly to the north and north-west, which may restrict future developments. In line with the aims of the green space and environmental objectives of CP2, the development of the site should facilitate the enhancement and connection of these areas where possible. Possil Marsh Nature Reserve is a protected shallow freshwater loch surrounded by marsh, with areas of willow scrub and grassland. The area supports locally rare plants and the reserve is also an important staging post during the spring and autumn migration for warblers and waterfowl. Breeding birds on the reserve include reed buntings, moorhens and the secretive water rail (Scottish Wildlife Trust, 2016). There is a path, accessed from the Forth & Clyde towpath, around the perimeter of the reserve. This area’s benefits to Milton (to learn and to enjoy) would be greatly increased through the amelioration of their connection. These areas continue to be recognised, and protected, by GCDP, specifically policy CDP7: Natural Environment. However the policy notes that where possible new development should: develop links between habitats; restore degraded habitats; aintain and enhance ecosystems; and promote resilience and adaptation to climate change. (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.47)
Fig. 28 :Glasgow’s Wilds Better (2014) Possil Nature Reserve
Fig. 29 :XPSolutions (2016) Upton SUDS
Flooding The strategic aim of City Plan 2 is to combine the sustainable management of rainwater and drainage strategically within the city, and to ensure that new development assists with this aim through the provision of appropriate sustainable drainage systems, such as SUDS (GCC, 2009, CP2 . p.57). The GCDP emphasises the risks posed by climate change, and seeks to reduce these through strategic flood alleviation and more specific flood management policy for sustainable drainage. Policy CDP 8 (GCC, 2015, GCDP. p.49) states that all development proposals will be required to make satisfactory provision for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) that should be designed to deliver enhancements for ecology, people and to integrate with the green infrastructure network. As Milton has been selected as one of the future Flood Risk Management Areas, further analysis of the situation can be found on page 94 (part 2 of the booklet).
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Fig. 27 :Glasgow Punter blog (2016) Forth and Clyde Canal
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Vacant and Derelict Land The City Plan development strategy seeks to (GCC, 2009, CP2, p.35): •
•
•
“Facilitate new investment in the areas in which vacant and derelict land is most prevalent, often those parts of the City which are the Council’s social renewal priorities. Promote sustainability by providing for the recycling of land in sustainable locations, maximising the use of existing infrastructure investment and minimising greenfield development; and Improve resident’s health by addressing sites which, because of dereliction/contamination, may present health or accident risks to nearby residents and other environmental receptors, e.g. water, landscape and wildlife and by improving local environments which can positively impact on mental wellbeing, including landscape and water environments and enhanced biodiversity.”
Milton currently has a high proportion (17.5%) of vacant and derelict land within the boundary. Nearly 97% of its population lives within 500 m of this type of land (The Glasgow Indicators Project, 2012). Excluding the industrial zone, Milton spreads over 126 hectares. With only 6000 people living within the boundary, the density currently stands at 47.6 ppl/ha. In an urban environment, density should be at a minimum of 60 ppl/ha to sustain a diverse and pleasant environment. This level of undeveloped / vacant land has resulted from a reduced take-up of land for redevelopment as a consequence of the economic crisis; and the Glasgow Housing Association restructuring programme. Vacant land does not contribute to the social, environmental or economic health of the area. From this point of view it is unsustainable in perpetuity. Redevelopment of the site should consider the themes and vision of City Plan 2, and the reuse of vacant land should be considered through development, or in line with other open space, green infrastructure or flood alleviation policy. GCDP seeks to promote the redevelopment of vacant land through Policy CDP 1: The Placemaking Principal (GCC, 2015, GCDP, p.31). The plan promotes short term solutions, such as the Stalled Spaces: Temporary Landscapes initiative (https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/ stalledspaces). The transformational potential of unused land is evident through the Milton Community Garden, created by the North Glasgow Community Food Initiative, as well as the Milton Orchard.
Fig. 30 :Wiseman. C (2016), Milton vacant land
Fig. 31 :Wiseman. C (2016), Milton Community Garden
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Booklet No.3
Fig. 33 :GCDP Figure 16: Water Environment Policy Context: This plan illustrates flood risk management areas. Active flood risk management areas are in red, green are the 2013 program areas and in blue are future flood management areas (Milton included).
Open Space Policy: Allotments An Allotments Strategy has been prepared which sets out the Council’s commitment, and plans for allotments. The City Plan notes that there is a demand for allotments, and that these should be considered in development proposals as part of the provision of open space (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.34). Milton has a few allotment gardens in the community garden. The 2010 Milton Social Housing & Regeneration Project which focused on transformative measures for vacant and derelict land found that allotment provision was one of the lowest scoring desired improvements (although it still received 20% of interest from the 185 residents who completed their questionnaire). Feelings were that allotment provision would need to be linked to educational measures to ensure residents felt empowered to use them. Better lighting, paths, more trees and planting, seats or other facilities were (GCVGNP, 2010). The GCDP Open Space Strategy provides protection for existing allotment areas and notes that they are an important typology within the wider city (GCC, 2015, GCDP. Figure 14, p.45).
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Fig. 32 : Local Equiped Playspace Catchment Areas According to CP2 Open Space policy
Planning Framework
Fig. 35 :GCDP Figure 15: Natural Environment Policy Context: This plan illustrates the extent of designated landscape and nature conservation sites that will be protected through the city’s future development plan
Fig. 34 :GCDP Figure 14: Green Belt and Green Network Context: The Council will support the retention, as open space, of the categories of open space specified and shown on Figure 14 of the GCC (2015) GCDP, reproduced here.
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Booklet No.3
Clydeplan Woodland Another issue covered by the Clydeplan Strategy is forestry and woodlands. This strategy aims to achieve targets set out in the wider Scottish Forestry Strategy (2006). Milton is directly affected by this Strategy. The policy is responsible for the protection of seminatural woodlands, woods and individually valuable trees. The Scottish Government has set a target to “deliver 100,000 hectares of new woodland by 2022 and to increase coverage to 25%� (Clydeplan Proposal, p. 76), in which the Indicative Potential for Woodland Expansion Strategy was developed. The part of the IPWES map is displayed on the adjacent map. According to Clydeplan Forestry and Woodland Strategy, we can identify two current woodland areas in Milton, one potential and one preferred in the north of Milton. Although this fact does not affect the study area, possible strategies incorporating this area should be aware of this intention.
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Fig. 36 :Clydeplan Forestry and Woodland Strategy Diagram Urban
Sensitive
Potential
Preffered
Existing
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Booklet No.3
Site Specific Policy, Design and Development Guides The Milton site itself is covered by relatively few policies. It is interesting to note that the policies have close association to the broad land use ‘zones’ of the site; rather than providing a flexible framework which is adaptable to change.
City Plan 2 Policies DEV2: Residential and Supporting Uses: This policy states that In addition to housing, the site should incorporate a wide range of supporting facilities such as schools, local shops, public buildings, small businesses, light industry, local community, health, social and recreational facilities and areas of green/open space. (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.112) In respect of the site, the policy area has been drawn as separate from other site specific policies, presumably because it was drawn during a time when land use zoning was the model for urban design.The policy itself, however, directs development towards a mixed-use approach. As described above, there has been little redevelopment, or policy intervention, in Milton and so this remains an aspiration for the site. DEV3: Industry and Business Areas covered by this policy are the focus for industrial and business activity in the City. They will be retained primarily for uses that fall within Use Classes 4 ‘Business’, 5 ‘General Industrial’ and 6 ‘Storage or Distribution’ of the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) (Scotland) Order 1997 (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.113) This policy direction now contradicts the wider aims to avoid single land use for industry. At Milton it has resulted in a very segregated area within the Balmore Industrial Estate which is not ‘active’ outside of trading hours, inward looking, and has little or no connection to the (largely incompatible) surrounding residential and green space policy areas. 1:15 000
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Planning Framework
Fig. 37 :Site Specific Policy Diagram Industry and Business
Green Space
Residential and Supporting Uses
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Booklet No.3
DEV 11: Green Space City Plan 2 states that areas covered by this policy represent the larger permanent green/open spaces serving the City and its resident population and visitors (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.114). The policy notes that all green/open space areas (regardless of their size or purpose) are functionally important elements of Glasgow’s green infrastructure (GCC, 2009, CP2. p.114). While this may be the case in some instances, the areas within Milton identified on the Proposals Map are largely amenity grassland, which are mono-functional, with little amenity, ecology, or functional (e.g. flood alleviation, or pedestrian circulation) value. The overarching aims of the City Plan promote multifunctional free space and in this sense the redevelopment of the site should seek to achieve greater use of these spaces.
Development Guides Glasgow City Council has produced a suite of policies and development guides support the delivery of the City Plan 2 development strategy. These cover topics including: • • • • • •
Design; Residential; Industrial and Business; Retail and Commercial Leisure; Transport and Parking; and Environment.
The following Development Guides may have particular relevance to the site, and future developments upon it.
DG/ENV 5: Broad Mitigation Measures Provides broad principles to avoid unnecessary environmental, social and economic effects (GCC, 2009, CP2 - Development Guides. p.400). For the Milton site this policy has particular relevance for the avoidance of adverse effects on nearby sites of nature conservation importance and green belt.
DG/DES 4: Landscape in New Development This Design Guide is closely related to the City Plan 2 themes and policies of placemaking and the natural environment. The general guidance notes that To achieve a good design, a new development should be integrated with its surroundings. This Design Guide covers the following topics:
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Planning Framework
• Site Analysis; • Layout; • Boundary Treatments; • Quality of design; and • Maintenance. As described above, the existing open space within the site is not of high quality, does not contirbute strongly to amenity, or offer green infrastructure or SUDS functionality. This Guide can be used to inform ‘placemaking’ principles.
DG/TRANS 3 & 4: Public Transport Accessibility Zones This Design Guide provides broad guidance for land use and transport considerations in relation to accessibility by public transport (GCC, 2009, CP2 - Development Guides. p.360-361). It also makes reference to related Guides for residential densities, business development, car parking standards, which are closely linked. Given the difficulties Milton faces through lack of public transport provision, and lack of connectivity to the wider city, this Guide can be used to understand the Council’s position on the location of certain land uses, and the implications for housing density, industry and business, and provision of car parking in new development.
DG/ENV 2 – Open Space and Public Realm Provision This Design Guide provides detailed information on the provision and typologies of open space expected within new development, and is linked to CIty Plan 2 and Scottish Planning Policy requirments (GCC, 2009, CP2 - Development Guides. p.373). The Design Guide covers (amongst other things): • • • •
Design Guidance for On-Site Open Space Provision; Housing typology open space requirements; Types of open space provision, including children’s play areas and sports pitches; Further information on assessment criteria for on-Site open space Provision; assessment criteria for off-Site open space provision; and other provisions - Legal Agreements, Maintenance of Open Space Areas, etc.
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Booklet No.3
Glasgow Residential Design Guide The Glasgow City Council Design Guide (2013) sets out what is expected of both the Council and developers when considering new residential developments (GCC, 2013, Glasgow City Council Design Guide. p.10). The Design Guide takes a holistic approach to design, which reflects the integrated policy approach of CIty Plan 2 and the emerging GCDP. Its relevant principal aims are (GCC, 2013, Glasgow City Council Design Guide. p.10) : • “To promote the creation of safe and integrated neighbourhood that offer choices of movements for all users and foster healthy active lifestyles; • To encourage overall quality and distinctiveness in new developments.”
The Design Guide draws together the Council’s key planning and road design requirements, broken down into the following core topics and sub-sections: Core Principles: • Placemaking; • Design for Movement; • Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems; • Flood Risk Management; • Integrated Landscape and Open Space; • Integrated Parking Appraisals Strategy And Concept Preliminary Design Audit Application Of Guide: • The Layout • Parking Provision and Layout • SUDS and Flood Management • Landscape, Amenity Open space and Recreation • Walking, Cycling and Public Transport • Building Lines, Entrances and Privacy • Aspect, Orientation and Daylighting • Services, Utilities and Street Lighting • Street Materials and Street Furniture • Refuse Containment and Collection
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Fig. 38 :Glasgow City Council (2013) Design Guide; New Residential Areas, cover
Planning Framework
Preliminary design audit
Scottish Government Policy Statement: Designing Places This Design Guide has been produced by the Scottish Government, and it forms part of the supplementary guidance for City Plan 2. The aim of the document is to demonstrate how the value of design can contribute to quality of life (Scottish Government, 2001, Designing Places. p.3). The Statement provides broad guidance on: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Social, economic and environmental goals Scotland’s urban and rural traditions The qualities of successful places Design in the landscape Forgotten places The fourth dimension The value of good design The price of poor design Setting a framework for design Opportunities for achieving urban design qualities Planning for good design The development plan Planning and design guidance Design skills
Fig. 39 :Scottish Government (2001) Designing Places, cover
Designing Streets This document is the first policy statement in Scotland for street design. The document promotes ideology that design should derive from a response to place, not from ridgid standards-based methodology (Scottish Government, Edinburgh, 2010, Designing Streets. p.3). This has a direct corrolation to the present exercise which in the next phases will attempt to create a taylored proposal for Milton’s redevelopment.
Fig. 40 :Scottish Government (2010) Designing Streets, cover
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Booklet No.3
Local Planning Initiatives and Applications In the absence of a ‘top down’ strategic approach to regeneration and re-development of the Milton site, a ‘vacuum’ has been created within which local / community based initiatives have been necessary.
LoveMilton LoveMilton is a registered charity operating in Milton (http:// www.lovemilton.org/). The charity aims to improve the local area and provide training opportunities and skills to people within the deprived community. The charity has used opportunities within Milton to work with the community and enhance local facilities, for example a new outdoor classroom at Miltonbank Primary School recycled from an old shipping container, and green spaces around the neighbourhood. LoveMilton, in conjunction with the Princes Trust, were also key drivers of the Milton Community Garden: Urban Spaces initiative. Community green infrastructure projects have been a key theme of the work undertaken by LoveMilton, including: • Community Orchard, in conjunction with Scottish Orchards, next to Birsay Road; • Enhancement of the GCC sponsored Milton Community Gardens, through a variety of projects to increase disabled access and improve storage and growing facilites. LoveMilton demonstrates that there is some autonomy within the local community that, when provided with the correct infrastructure, can provide positive local engagement and projects.
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Planning Framework
Fig. 41 :Local Planning Initiatives and Applications Map Development Construction LoveMilton Locations
Local Initiative Proposal Milton Food Hub Locations
Milton Community Garden Development Proposal
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Booklet No.3
North Glasgow Community Food Initiative The North Glasgow Community Food Initiative (NGCFI) is also a registered charity, funded and supported by (amongst others) Glasgow City Council, Scottish Government, Glasgow Community Partnership, The National Lottery, private foundations, and commercial banks. The stated ‘vision’ of the NGCFI is: “A society where health, well-being and harmony is supported within active communities.” (NGCFI, unknown date, [online] Available at:http://www.ngc .org. uk/our-vision-values/) [17 Oct 2016]) The NGCI were responsible for the planning application, and subsequent conversion, of land on what is now the Milton Community Gardens. The basis of the NGCI approach is that regeneration (socially, or environmentally) can be done through community engagement, to reach a positive outcome. In the case of Milton, this is focussed on healthy eating through education, practical application (growing) and selling of produce. This approach works hand-in-hand with LoveMilton, as described above. In the case of Milton, the NGCI is an example of where, if provision of space is given, there is the opportunity to drive regeneration from within the community, rather than externally through large scale planning intervention. It also offers identity and creates a sense of pride and ownership in the neighbourhood. In policy terms, this resourceful use of previously vacant land has been successful where GCC policy has not.
Fig. 42 :Love Milton Training Centre
Planning Applications As noted in the preceding sections, there has been very little strategic regeneration of Milton as a result of City Plan 2. Nevertheless, a review of applications on Glasgow City Council’s Planning Portal reveals a series of proposals for the site: • 15/00474/DC | 70 homes for social rent at Liddesdale Road including 21 amenity flats • 54 new homes at Cathay Street 16/00744/DC | Erection of residential development (54 units) with associated works including parking and landscaping. | Site Bounded By Raasay Street/ Scaraway Street Cathay Street Glasgow • 50 new homes built on land at Scaraway Street • Community Facility 13/00721/DC | Erection of community facility to include community cafe, community theatre, out-of-school care, activity hall, business accommodation, external play space, memorial garden and associated works.
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Fig. 43 : Liddelsdale Rd development plans
Planning Framework
•
200 flats in Scaraway Street, Shapinsay Street, Egilsay Street and Vallay Street are proposed to be demolished
Of these scheme, the 70 homes at Liddesdale Road and Place of worship and community facility have gained planning consent; albeit the latter has not broken ground since the planning application was determined in 2013. Love Milton has informed us that planning permission for offices and training rooms to be built at the back of the existing busineses on Skerray Street has been granted but ongoing issues with obtaining right of passage have paused the project. The vacant site to the east of the area is to be the home for the new community centre (which will no longer contain a place of worship) which will be built by local residents being trained in real time. The idea is for these new skills to transfer over to higher rates of employability for the community. With 200 homes being replaced, and only 70 having been granted planning permission and currently under construction there is evidently a further reduction in housing stock on site. Even assuming the developments at Cathay Street and Scaraway Street are granted planning permission, the total 174 houses leaves a shortfall of 26 houses when compared to the existing site. A smaller population, and lower density across the site will have a negative effect on the viability of services which rely on a ‘critical mass’; including shops and public transport.
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Booklet No.3
Conclusions The analysis of planning policy has shown that Milton exists in a ‘vacuum’ of strategic development planning. The site lies out-with the large-scale city-wide plans. This is unsurprising, perhaps, given the site’s location on the periphery of the administrative area of Glasgow City Council, and its lack of strategic importance to date. Furthermore, plans at the district scale; the North Glasgow ‘Key Regeneration Area’; the Forth and Clyde Canal LDS; or Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan, while acknowledging Milton in an illustrative sense (i.e. on plan) have yet to realise the potential opportunities for the site to connect with the strategic regeneration of these areas. Why has this happened? First, it would appear that the geographic location of the site on the urban periphery, in the context of a City Plan that appears to work from the city-centre outwards, places Milton at an immediate disadvantage. Second, the site’s lack of connectivity, both pedestrian and vehicular (particularly public transport and pedestrian and cycle friendly routes) and the lack of significant progress from planning policy to implement new schemes, such as the Mass Transit Search Areas, has left the site in stasis; existing to serve its current needs, and nothing more. Third, the world has changed; Glasgow has not been immune to the financial turmoil of the past decade and, therefore, a number of planning strategies have been dropped (such as the New Neighbourhoods), or changed / reduced in their scope (such as the Community Regeneration Areas), leaving Milton somewhat adrift, and once again at the edge of development planning policy for the city. Last, the ‘fourth dimension’: time, cannot be ignored. Milton has, for the reasons described in this analysis, remained largely unchanged since it was first planned in the 1950’s. Therefore, its infrastructure has not evolved, be it industrial, business, or in terms of housing (until recent GHA applications from 2015), access, or open space. This has, in turn, affected the social fabric; resulting in the incremental loss of housing, weak economic viability, social issues, low value environments, and the weakening of a ‘neighbourhood’ identity.
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So what can drive change in terms of planning policy? First, the City Plan 2 places great emphasis on regeneration, sustainability, and connectivity; it just hasn’t been realised due to economic factors, and physical constraints. City Plan 2 takes an integrated approach to people, jobs, the environment and infrastructure; it is a positive planning tool that seeks forward thinking solutions. This is supported by the emerging City Development Plan, which takes things a step further with the vision of a ‘connected city’ of vibrant neighbourhoods and series of well-connected local centres. As the aims and visions of Glasgow City Council are set out in these documents, the proposed redevelopment of the Milton site should consider how this can be implemented based on a detailed understanding of the location. Second, we can look to successful initiatives: Transformational Regeneration Areas at Maryhill, Spiers Locks, and Sighthill in particular have taken advantage of the proximity to the Forth and Clyde Canal LDS / Action Plan area to provide a policy ‘driver’ for regeneration. These mixed-use developments are built on a premise of sustainable transport and a strong sense of identity. They are capable of contributing to the housing needs of the city, and are creating a corridor of regeneration within North Glasgow along the Forth and Clyde Canal. Third, fundamentally there exists a deficit in terms of housing numbers across the city as a whole. This is a result in part of the clearance of existing stock, and failure of the housing market to engage with planning initiatives such as New Neighbourhoods and Community Growth Areas to deliver the types and volumes of housing needed. The Milton site will be required to contribute to the projected housing requirements of the city, both in terms of numbers and tenancies. At the local scale, in the ‘vacuum’ of a top-down planning approach, Milton has sought to regenerate from within. Through a series of local planning initiatives including LoveMilton and North Glasgow Community Food Initiative, social issues have been identified - health and education in particular - and have been used as a ‘driver’ to create unique places, such as the Milton Community Gardens, which foster a sense of community and identity, enhance the natural environment, and contribute to the social wellbeing of the area. While built intervention has been limited in Milton, recent planning applications have sought principally to address housing need. Notably, an application for community facilities has been approved, but is yet to be constructed due to issues with obtaining right of passage. One can take from this that Milton has local resources which perhaps outweigh those of the City Plan approach. These should be considered in future proposals.
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Population composition (percentage %) 100 100 6.96 6.96 7.27 7.27
8.4 8.4
100
10.4 10.4 6.96 7.27
8.4 80 80
10.4
Populat 100
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15.5 80
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60 60 60
69.6 69.6
62.6 62.6 40 40
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40
30.9
20 20
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20
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13.5 Lambhill Lambhill 0 Glasgow and and Milton Milton Glasgow Lamb Lambhill and Mi and Milton Glasgow People People aged aged 00 -- 15 15 People People aged aged 65 65 -- 75 75
Milton People aged aged 16 16 -- 64 64neighbourhood People People agedversus over over 75 75 People Lambhill aged 0People - 15 and People aged 65 - 75 aged
G
Car%) or van Milton: Population composition (percentage mposition (percentage %) neighbourhood Populationversus economic activity (percentage %) Lambhill and Milton Glasgow Male Male and and female female life life expectancy expectancy (years) (years) A Statistical Portrait Population composition (percentage %) Population economic activity (percentage %)
ilton neighbourhood versus Glasgow
People aged 16 - 64 100
100
6.96 7.27
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Male and
20.03
80
100
People aged over 75
6.96 7.27 10.4 78.6 78.6 80 80 female life 77.0 77.0expectancy 8.4
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69.8 69.878.6
77.0 7070 11.7 6.96 8.44 72.0 15.5 69.8 20.03 60 7.27 Employee: Part-time 70 Milton’s of 11.36 6659 residents (Playle 10.4population is currently composed 60 60 17 60 80 80 and Meyerricks, 2016). Compared to Glasgow, the population composition 11.7 6.44 Employee: Full-time 8.44 5050 60 62.6 7.8 teens aged shows a higher percentage of children and 0-15 (+ 2%) as well 6.34 69.6 40 3.6 11.36 as more people aged 65 and above (+ 4.5%). Milton must cater to these 17 50 Self-employed 40 40 40 60 60 6.44 members of the population as much as to their active counterparts. Life 7.8 Unemployed 40 6.34 3030 30.9 expectancy62.6 is lower in Milton rest of the 36.26 city by two years, poor 69.6 than in the 20 3.6 8.4
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health, are some of reasons 40to explain 20 40 social alienation, unemployment 30 this. 30.9 16.17 11.13 13.5 20 0
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18.6
Lambhill and Milton
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Occupa 80
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1
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69.6
Employee: Part-time Employee: Full-time Self-employed 16.17
Long-term sick or disabled Unemployed 36.26
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11
60
15
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11
0
10 10
Lambhill Retired 11 Lam and Milton Glasgow 20 Long-term sick or disabled and9 11.13 13.5 Lambhill Lambhill Glasgow Glasgow 0 6 and and Milton Milton0 - 15 People aged People aged 65 75 Other 4 Lambhill Lambhill 0 Glasgow Male Male Female Female Glasgow People agedCar/van over 75 s and Miltonand Milton People aged 16 - 64 Lam Male Female 100and 10
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20 20
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Lambhill People aged 65 - 75 and Milton Glasgow People aged over 75
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0
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Population Population poverty poverty (percentage (percentage %) %) Population poverty (percentage %) People aged 16 - 64 People aged over 75 100 100 80 Population composition (percentage %) Health p Population economic activity %) Male and(percentage female life expectancy (years) 100 male life100expectancy (years) Occupations breakdown (percentage %) 78.6 100 LambhillPeople and aged Milton neighbourhood versus Glasgow 0 - 15 People aged 65 - 75
78.6
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8.4
6.96 7.27
100
80
15.5
20.03
80 80
69.8
77.0 42.7 42.7
72.0
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80 70 Elementary occupations 42.7 female life expectancy (years) 80 Occupations 59.56 breakdown (percentage59.56 %) 80 80 60 60 13.84 11.7 Process, plant and machine 19.5 8.44 60 40 78.6 80 59.56 77.0 operatives 6.4 60 Employee: Part-time 72.0 80 100 Elementary occupations 69.8 17 28.0 28.0 Sales11.36 and customer service 50 9.6 60 60 70 60 11.35 40 40 occupations 6.44 13.84 Process, plant and machine Employee: Full-time 19.5 20 28.0 7.8 11.8 Caring, leisure 40and other operatives19.05 6.34 9.77 19.05 60 40 69.6 6.4 62.6 60 3.6 80 service occupations SalesSelf-employed and customer service 9.6 40 40 40 9.33 11.35 20 20 Skilled trades occupations 30 19.05occupations 15.5 50 0 29.3 29.3 Unemployed Administrative and Caring, leisure 21.39 21.39 and other 30.9 11.8 11.35 9.77 36.26 20 L 20 40 60 secretarial occupations service occupations 40 11.5 29.3 20 20 Retired an 20 00 9.33 21.39Skilled trades occupations Associate professional and 13.27 15.5 10 Lambhill Lambhill 30 11.8 technical occupations Administrative and Long-term sick or disabled Glasgow Glasgow 11.35 16.17 0 18.6 and and Milton Milton 11.13 20 13.5 40 secretarial occupations 11.5 Lambhill 17.86 0 9.1 Professional occupations 0 20 0 0 Glasgow Otherprofessional and Househo Associate 13.27 and MiltonLambhill 6.5 Lambhill 11.8 Lambhill Glasgow Glasgow Managers, directors and senior technical occupations 6.83 and Milton and Milton People People in in income income deprivation deprivation 4.7 10 and Milton Glasgow 0 Househoa officials 20 Glasgow 17.86 Male Female occupations 9.1 Professional Lambhill People People of of working working age age in in employment employment deprivation deprivation People in income deprivation Glasgow 0 FemalePeople 6.5 and65 Milton aged 0 - 15 People aged - 75 Managers, directors(years) and senior Fig. 44 Lambhill : Population Composition (%) Fig. 45of : Population Male andage Female life expectancy 6.83 4.7 People Other Other working inpoverty employment deprivation %) (percentage 0 officials Glasgow People aged 16 64 People aged over 75 and Milton overty (percentage %) Lambhill Travelling 42 Other Glasgow Male Female
10.4 Male and
100
and Milton Health problem and disability (percentage 100 %) Population poverty (percentage %) 100
100
Single parent households 51.4
Other Planning Framework Cr2: crude rate20 per 100,000 population Lambhill and Milton
39.88(local author Rented by council
80
40.47
9.06
40
Other social rented 3.2 Households composition (percentage 100 %) 60 Ethnic group (percentage %)23.4 Household tenure (percentage %) agenc Private landlord or letting 18.96 96.8
20
100
er on
Owned with a mortgage or loan
Householders living alone
40
0
51.2 and Milton
60
0.7 38.231.1 2.2
29.0100
Glasgow 80
1.22
39.88
80
18.4 2.19
8.090
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40 1.6 5.4
3.09
15.21
60.12 Lambhill 60 Glasgow Household compositions indicate a %) high percentage of single Fig. 46 : Household Composition (%) Ethnic (percentage 20 Single parentgroup households and Milton 96.8 19.6 80 80 People living within 500 parent households (51.4%) which means provisions such as nurseries 60 Households composition (percentage 21.3 of vacant or derelict lan% and Householders general help for parents living aloneare crucial. Owned 0.7 1.22 Drug and Crime 36.68 age %) 40 Households composition (percen 100 51.20 1.1 2.19 Drug and Crime percentage %) Milton shows very2.2 little diversity in terms of ethnicity, 96% of its 60 60 within Other is identified as white and 8.09 Lambhill People not living Owned 100 population the majority of its population either3.2 40 60.12 Glasgow 250 100 88.5 100 of vacant or derelict lan and Milton 20 identify as Christian 29.0 250 Rented 80 (64%) or not religious 51.4(26.3%).96 38.23 40 29.09.06 r: age-sex standard40 40.47 38.23 80 Other ed rate per 100,000 composition 20 Households (percentage %) 200 80 80 39.88 0 opulation 200 60 Household tenure (percentage %) 23.4 Private 19.6 18.96 20 ns 20 Lambhill 19.6 100 60 ars or vans Affiliation (percentage %) Glasgow 21.3 0 88.5 Other and Milton 150 60 60 n 96 21.3 29.0 group150 Ethnic (percentage %)Lambhill Glasgow 18.4 100 17.0 1.6 3.09 40 car or van 38.23 100 7.08 7.6living within 0 96.8 and Milton People 500m 0 5.4 ans 15.21 80 223.1 40 Lambhill Lambhill of vacant or derelict land cars or vans Glasgow 0.7 Glasgow 223.1 1.22 100 40 40 100 and Milton 51.4 80 vans 1.1 Single parent and Milton 2.19 households 100 20 19.6 80 Sr: age-sex standard2.2 51.4 26.3 31 40.47 e cars or vans 8.09 People not living40.47 within 500m Affiliation (percentage %) Sr: age-sex standard60 ised rate per 100,000 20 60.12 21.3 Householders living alone s (Cr2) 0.8 77.7 Owned20outright of vacant or derelict land 36.68 ised rate per 100,000 50 2.26 100 51.220 80 77.7 population 1.3 500 7.08 60 7.6 population 60 White Other Owned with a mortgage or loan Lambhill 40 3.2 5.26 Glasgow 100 0 Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British and Milton 0by council (local authority) Lambhill Rented 0 80 64 51.4060 Glasgow 0 40 Lambhill 26.3 31 Milton and 40 9.06 Lambhill 40.47 Scotland Glasgow Lambhill African Other social andrented Milton Glasgow 20 0.8 and MiltonLambhill Average 88.5 Scotland and Milton 80 2.26 39.88 Cr4: crude rate per 96 and Milton Average 1.3 Single parent households 23.4 Other ethnic groups 54.4 60 40 White Private landlord or letting agency 10,000 resident 18.96 Single20parent households 20 Cr2: crude population rate per 5.26 Householders 0 Drug related deaths for 10 years (Cr2) Other living alone Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British 60 100,000 population Householders living alone Ethnic group (percentage 64 deaths for 10 years ( Cr2%) ) LambhillDrug related 18.4 17.0 40 Glasgow 150 20 People and Milton Other 96.8 0 African 0 150 Affiliation (percentage %)Other Lambhill Lambhill 0.7 1.22 per Glasgow of vaca Glasgow 40 Other ethnic groups 100 54.4 and Milton 1.1 100 2.19 Single parent households and Milton 20 7.08 2.2 7.6 120 0 8.09 People 120 Lambhill 60.12 Glasgow Householders living alone of vaca 20 and Milton 80 80 90
Other
ies
White 60
90 143.5
143.5
Cr2: crude rate per3.2 100 crude rate per Cr2: 100,000 population 100,000 population 60
60
60
88.5 80
Asian, Asian Scottish or63.2 Asian British96 African 30
40
63.2
60
20
96.8
0
n
0 1.22 Children 0.7 Lambhill Scotland 1.1 2.19 Scotland Lambhill 2.2 and Milton 8.09 Average 0 and Milton Average Lambhill and Milton
Cr3: crude rate per 60 1,000 resident population 88.5 40
96
250
0
Lambhill and Milton 150
White
Glasgow 20
100
250
7.08
80
150 227
26.3
31
Cr4: crude rate per 0.8 Cr4: 60crude 1.3 rate per 10,000 resident
100
50
100.9
10,000 resident population population 40
64
2.26 5.26
8.09
2.19
of vacant or derelict land 7.6
7.08
60 People not living within 500m 88.5 Glasgow of vacant or derelict land 88.5 96
80 40
26.3 40
60 20
0.8 1.3
20
No religion
96 31
2.26 5.26
64
Affiliation (percentage %) 7.6
2.19 1.22
Religion not stated 80
100 60
Other religion
200 Glasgow
100.9 Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British 50
Lambhill 60.12 and Milton
80
1.1 8.09
People living within 500m%) Affiliation (percentage
Lambhill Christian Glasgow and Milton Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British Muslim African
227 Fig. 47 : Ethnic groups (%) White
African
0
100 2.2
No religion 2.2
Other religion
40
100
200
100
54.4
Muslim
Glasgow 1.22 Other religion 1.1 0.7
5.26 and Milton 0.7
0
Drug Offenders Cr4: %) Drug Offenders ate percrude rate per Other ethnic groups ntage %) 20 nt10,000 resident population
20
No religion
%) Ethnic group (percentage %) not Religion Muslim Lambhill
Christian
Adults
80
31
Lambhill
Christian 0.8 Glasgow and Milton 2.260 group (percentage Ethnic 1.3
39.88 64
40
30
Ethnic group (percentage Other ethnic groups %) 100
0 26.3
400 Religion not stated 0 Lambhill Glasgow and MiltonLambhill 54.4 Glasgow and Milton 20
White 0
White Lambhill Glasgow Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British and Milton Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British African African OtherFig. ethnic 48 groups : Religious Affiliation (%) Other ethnic groups No religion Christian 43 Muslim Other religion
Religion not stated
Booklet No.3
Milton: A Statistical Portrait
Housing
41.8% of households within Milton/Lambhill are owned, either out-rightly or through a mortgage or loan. The majority (51.2%) is socially rented, mostly through GHA. That is 14.5% more housing stock than in Glasgow. To prevent the further ghetto-isation of the area, private development as well as a public development catering for the provision of affordable homes will be necessary. A lot of the housing stock, built in the 40s and 50s was constructed quickly and poorly. Many have had transformations over the years, usually to tackle issues of poor insulation. The tower blocks suffer from various issues (water damage and mould to name a couple) but are planned to remain standing for the foreseeable future. 96.8% of the total housing stock in Milton is located within 500 m of vacant or derelict land. Large and small areas are dispersed across the site. Development and redevelopment of these many sites is paramount to transform the area and create a recognisable and pleasant environment.
Fig. 49 : Housing in Milton looking onto vast expanses of vacant and derelict land
44
Planning Framework
(percentage %) (percentage %) 3.09
3.09 15.21 15.21 Owned outright Owned outright Owned with a mortgage or loan Owned with a mortgage or loan Rented by council (local authority) Rented by council (local authority) Other social rented Other social rented Private landlord or letting agency Private landlord or letting agency Other Other
36.68 36.68
9.06 9.06 18.96 18.96 17.0
%) 17.0
lasgow lasgow
Household tenure (percentage %) 3.09
1.6 5.4
100
15.21
Households composition (percentage %)
100
100
29.0
39.88 39.88
51.2
60
Owned outright
36.68
60.12 60.12
80
80
80
15.21
9.06
80
Other social rented
40
40
36.68
51.2 agency Private landlord or letting
Other
20
60
0 40
0
Lambhill Glasgow and Milton 3.2
100
29.0
100
7.08 Other 7.08
40
20
60.12
group (percentage %) 0
0.7
1.1 Lambhill 2.2
and Milton 80
60
40
Lambhill 80 and 80 Milton
9.06
1.22
2.19 8.09 Glasgow
Lambhill and Milton
7.6
7.08
0
Other social rented Private landlord or letting agency
Household tenure (percentage %) Other 100 100
100 100
1.6 805.4
60
80
60
21.3 60
60
60
51.2
40 3.2 40
60 40
40.4720
40 20
39.88
40
Own 40
40
20
Ren
9.06
20
Othe
23.4 0
Priv 0
18.96
Othe
60.12
Lambhill 100 Glasgow People not living within 500m 100 and Milton of vacant80or derelict land
80
100
80
Fig. 5180: Household Tenure Milton (%) 60
60 60
100
Glasgow
60
60 3.2
45
80
60
40
40
40 40 80
20
60
Own
36.68
100
100
Lambhill 40 and Milton
80
People living within 500m 18.4 17.0 of vacant or derelict land 0
100
80
15.21
0
0 20
96.8
40
100
3.09
20
Glasgow
Single parent households
Affiliation (percentage %)
Rented by0 council (local authority)
80
Householders living alone Fig. 50 : People living within 500 m of derelict land (%) Other 0 100 96
Glasgow
People not living within 0 500m of vacant or derelict land 0
20
88.5
17.0
60
0
20
80
People living within 500m 20 51.4 or derelict land of vacant 80
20
ars (Cr2) Glasgow Glasgow
60
96.8
100
38.23
100
31
54.4 54.4
100
19.6
39.88
60
Sr: 31 age-sex standard40 ised rate per 100,000 2.26 2.26 population 5.26 Ethnic 5.26
0
80
Single parent households
entage %) 80 living alone Householders entage %)
100 18.4
40
Owned outright Owned with a mortgage or loan 20
20
20
0
60
40
23.4 Households composition (percentage 18.96 %)
lasgow lasgow
60
60 Rented by council (local authority)
People living 21.3 within 500m 23.4 People living within 500m of vacant or derelict land 18.96 20 of vacant or derelict land People not living within 500m 18.4 17.0 People notorliving within vacant derelict land500m 51.4of 0 of vacant40.47 or derelict land Lambhill Glasgow and Milton
20
80
60 5.4
40 19.6
40
100
1.6 Owned with a100mortgage or loan 3.09
38.23
80
60
100
Household100tenure (percentage %)
80
20
39.88
40
Population composition (percentage %) 100
Male8.4and female 6.96 life expectancy (years) 80
10.4 77.0
Population economic activity (percentage %) Booklet No.3
100
Occupations breakdown (percentage %) 15.5
7.27 78.6
20.03
Milton: A Statistical Portrait
80
69.8
70
60
72.0
80
60
50
100 11.7
80
9.6
7.8 3.6
69.6
62.6
19.5 11.36
17
60
40
40
8.44
11.8
6.44 6.34
9.77
30.9
15.5 36.26
40
11.5
13.5
11.8 11.13
30
20 20
0
16.17
18.6
0
10
Lambhill 0 and Milton Glasgow Lambhill Glasgow Milton Peopleand aged 0 - 15 People aged 65 - 75 Male Female People aged 16 - 64 People aged over 75
6.4 11.35
60
40
20
13.84
9.33 11.35 13.27
20
Lambhill 9.1 Glasgow17.86 and Milton6.5
Employment
4.7
6.83
Lambhill and Milton
Glasgow
0
Elementary occupations Process, plant and machine Employee: Part-time operatives Full-time SalesEmployee: and customer service occupations Self-employed Caring, leisure and other service occupations Skilled trades occupations Unemployed Administrative and Retiredoccupations secretarial Long-term sick or disabled Associate professional and technical occupations Other Professional occupations Managers, directors and senior officials
Population poverty (percentage %) Health and disability (percentage %) Milton has suffered from high levels of unemployment sinceproblem the Saracen 100 Foundry was demolished in 1967. Employment rates in the area have never 100 Male and female expectancy (years) recovered from thelife event. Milton’s population containsOccupations more retired residents (+6%), (percentage %) breakdown Day-to-day activities limited a lot more long term sick or disabled residents (+3%) and more unemployed residents 80 78.6 80 77.0 42.7 (+1.4%) than 72.0 Glasgow’s overall population. There are nearly 6% less fully employed 80 100 Elementary occupations Day-to-day activities limited a little 69.8 70 residents in Milton than in the city at whole. That is a lot of people unable or 59.56 13.84 Process, plant and machine 19.5 60 69.6 to suffer struggling to find employment. Today, Milton’s residents are 8% more likely operativesDay-to-day activities not limited 60 6.4 60 77.25 80 from income deprivation than people in Glasgow. Sales and customer service 9.6 11.35 28.0 occupations 50 40 11.8 Caring, leisure and other 9.77 40 60 19.05 service occupations 40 9.33 Skilled trades occupations 15.5 20
30
29.3
21.39
11.5
20
0 10
0
Lambhill and Milton
Glasgow
Lambhill Glasgow and People Milton in income deprivation Male Female age in employment deprivation People of working
12.3 11.35
20
40
17.913.27
11.8
9.96 12.79
0
20
Administrative and secretarial occupations Associate professional and technical occupations
17.86 9.1 Lambhill Professional occupations Glasgow 6.5 and Milton Managers, directors and senior 6.83 4.7 officials
0
Lambhill and Milton
Glasgow
Other Population poverty (percentage %)
Health problem and disability (percentage %)
100
100
80
Day-to-day activities limited a lot
42.7
Day-to-day activities limited a little
80
59.56
60
69.6 77.25
60
28.0
40
19.05
40
20
29.3 0
Lambhill and Milton
21.39
Glasgow
People income deprivation Fig. 52 in : Population poverty (%) People of working age in employment deprivation
46
Other
20
12.3
9.96
17.9
12.79
Lambhill and Milton
Glasgow
0
Day-to-day activities not limited
Car or van availability in households(percentage %)
Planning Framework%) onomic activity (percentage 100
20.03
1.1
1.53
8.1
10.94
34.4
36.71
80
8.44
Employee: Part-time Social and health policies greatly influence demography and health trends. The recent economic crisis has lead to an increase60in 6.44 Employee: Full-time unemployment. Austerity measures, which have reduced public funding 6.34 and welfare spending have led to a rise in levels of poverty. Peripheral Self-employed 40 places like Milton, already mostly forgotten in the city’s policies, Unemployed 36.26 have suffered from these changes even more dramatically. Creating 56.0 an environment where new businesses can thrive, empowering the 20 Retired population through training, education and improving the self worth of Long-term sick or disabled residents through an improved urban realm are all steps that can be taken 11.13 ersus Glasgow 0 to reduce these employment trends. Other Lambhill asgow and Milton %)
11.36
Population economic activity (percentage %)
Two cars or vans Three cars or vans 50.77
Glasgow
20.03
17 3.6
6.4
80
11.35 9.77
60
9.33 11.35 40
- 75
13.27
er 75
20
17.86
40
6.96 occupations 8.4 Elementary 7.27 36.26 30.9 and machine 10.4 Process, plant
operatives 20 Sales and customer service occupations 11.13 13.5 Caring, leisure and other 0 service occupations Lambhill Glasgow Skilled trades occupations 62.6 and Milton69.6 Administrative and secretarial occupations Associate professional and technical occupations 18.6
Professional 16.17 occupations
34.4 80
Employee: Full-time
35.9
m
36.71
60
Population economic activity (percentage %)
Self-employed 100 15.5 Unemployed
64.72
60
40
20.03
56.0
40
Retired 11.7 8.44 Long-term sick or disabled
20
80
60
Other
17
7.8 3.6
40
64.1
11.36 20
35.28
6.44 6.34 0
Lambhill
30.9
36.26and Milton
0
Employee: Full-time Lambhill Glasgow and Milton Self-employed
Scotland Unemployed Average Car/van sccessibility Retired
20
50.77
Employee: Part-time
(percentag
100
13.5
Long-term sick or disabled Households without access to car/van 11.13
Managers, directors and senior 0 Lambhill and Milton neighbourhood versus Glasgow Other 80 with access to car/van Lambhill Households Lambhillofficials Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Milton ears) andOccupations breakdown (percentage %)and Milton 6.83
1.53 10.94
80
Employee: Part-time
11.36
6.44 Population composition (percentage %) reakdown (percentage %) 7.8 6.34
13.84
1.1
100
11.7
8.44 Lambhill and Milton neighbourhood versus Glasgow
100
Car or van availability in househ 100
15.5
60
One car or van
Car/van sccessibility (percentage 8.1 %)
100
80
No cars or vans
0
Population composition (percentage %)
People aged 0 - 15
35.9
Population economic activity (pe 60 64.72
People aged 65 - 75 100 Travelling to work by transport (percentage %) 100 100 Elementary occupations 6.96 8.4 People aged 16 64 People aged over 75 13.84 15.5 and disability (percentage %) Process, plant and machine 19.5 20.03 7.27 40 100 10.4 operatives 6.4 80 80 80 11.7 Sales and customer service 64.1 8.44 9.6 11.35 occupations 38.1 Day-to-day activities limited a lot 20 80 11.36 35.28 11.8 Caring, leisure and other 17 9.77 60 55.47 60 service occupations Male and60 female life expectancy (years) Occupations breakdown (percentage %) 6.44 Day-to-day activities limited a little 9.33 Skilled trades occupations 7.8 15.5 78.6 6.34 0 69.6 60 80 62.6 77.0 3.6 Day-to-day11.35 activities not limited Administrative and 72.0 40 40 Lambhill Scotland 100 Elementary occupations 69.8 40 77.25 secretarial occupations 11.5 70 Average and Milton 13.84 Process, plant and machine Associate professional and 13.27 19.5 30.9 36.26 40 operatives 11.8 technical occupations 60 6.4 61.9 20 20 80 20 Sales and customer service 9.6 17.86 9.1 Professional occupations 11.35 44.53 occupations 50 Households without access to car/van 16.17 18.6 6.5 13.5 11.8 senior 20 9.77 Caring, leisure and other 11.13 Managers, directors and 6.83 4.7 0 60 0 service0occupations Households with access to car/van officials 40 9.96 9.33 Lambhill Lambhill Skilled trades occupations Lambhill Glasgow 15.5 Glasgow 0 and Milton and Milton Glasgow and Milton 30 12.79 Administrative and 11.35 Lambhill 40 Scotland secretarial occupations 11.5 20 and Milton Average Travelling to work People aged 0 - 15 People aged 65 75 Associate professional and by transport ( 13.27 Glasgow Fig. 53 : Profesional Occupations Breakdown (%) Fig.technical 54 : Population Economic Activity (%) 11.8 occupations Health problem and disabilityPeople (percentage %) aged 1620- 64 People aged over by 75 foot/bike or public 10 Travelling to work transport 100 17.86 9.1 Professional occupations 47 100 0 Travelling to work by car/van 6.5 Managers, directors and senior Lambhill 4.7 limited a6.83 38.1 Day-to-day0 activities lot 80 officials Glasgow and Milton Lambhill 55.47 Glasgow 80
34.4
Employee: Part-time
Population economic activity (percentage %) Employee: Full-time
ow
One car or van
Self-employed
15.5 80
8.1 carsBooklet Three or10.94 vans No.3
40
20.03
Unemployed
11.7
80
8.44
Milton: A Statistical Portrait Retired
40
Employee: Part-time
Long-term sick or disabled 6.44 Other6.34
7.8 3.6
30.9
0
Self-employed Unemployed Retired
20
34.4
Lambhill and Milton
36.71
60
Glasgow
Glasgow
56.0
50.77
0
35.9
Lambhill and Milton
150
Glasgow
64.72
60
Professional occupations
6.5 4.7
Households without access to car/van
100
Managers, directors and senior 6.83 officials Lambhill Day-to-day activities limited a lot 80 Glasgow
Households with access to car/van 38.1
and Milton
Day-to-day activities not limited
Health problem and disability (percentage %) 100
44.53
80
55.47
17.9
12.79
0
Lambhill and Milton
Glasgow
Fig. 55 : Health problems and disabilities (%)
50
0
Scotland Average
40
61.9
Travelling to work by foot/bike or public20 transport 9.96
200
0
40
12.3
250
38.1
60
Day-to-day activities not limited Lambhill and Milton
20
Drug
100
20 Day-to-day activities limited a little
77.25
0
100
Day-to-day activities limited a lot61.9
60
30
150 Travelling to work by transport (percen
60
40
69.6
60
55.47
Day-to-day activities limited a little
80
120
Car/van sccessibility (percentage %)
Elementary occupations 100 Process, plant and machine 40 operatives 80 Sales andAccording customer to service 64.1 the National Records of Scotland, life expectancy for 35.9 occupations 20 Scottishleisure males is 77.1 years(percentage old and for Scottish old. Glasgow’s35.28 Occupations breakdown %) women 81.1 years Caring, and other life expectancy is lower with an average of 72.0 and 78.6 respectively (National service occupations 60 64.72 Skilled trades occupations Records of Scotland, 2014). Milton’s averages are even lower at 69.8 and 77.0. Men 100 Elementary occupations 0 Administrative and in Milton live on average 7 years less than the average Scottish man and 2 years 13.84 Lambhill Scotland Process, plant and machine 19.5 secretarial occupations 40 less than the average Glasgow man. The difference is drastic and and can Milton be explained operatives Average 6.4 professional and 80 Associate by the high levels of poverty, poor access healthy foods, Sales andtocustomer servicehigh levels of stress and 64.1 9.6 occupations technical social alienation,11.35 as well as drugoccupations use and addiction. 30.2% of Milton’s population 20 Professional 11.8 from occupations leisure and other 35.28 suffers a health disability that limits their day-to-day activities. An 9.77 problem or Caring, Households without access to car/van 60 service occupations inclusive urban environment is needed to cater to these residents. Managers, directors 9.33and senior Skilled trades occupations 15.5 Households with access to car/van officials 0 Administrative and 11.35 Lambhill Scotland 40 secretarial occupations 11.5 and Milton Average Associate professional and 13.27 11.8 technical occupations Travelling to work by transport (percentage %)
0
Drug r
90
Health and Crime
20
One c
Three
20 Car/van sccessibility (percentage %)
80
No 50ca 0
40
Other
0
100
Two c
Long-term sick or disabled 100
11.13
Lambhill and Milton
50.77
Employee: Full-time
36.26
13.5
56.0
20
11.36
17
60
150
Two 1.1 cars or vans 1.53
100
100
17.86 9.1 sability (percentage %)
9
Car or van availability in households(p
60
wn (percentage %)
5
36.71
44.53
5
Travelling to work by car/van 0
Lambhill and Milton
Roa
Scotland Average
4
3
Travelling to work by foot/bike or public transpo Travelling to work by car/van
2
48 1
40
Drug andstandardCrime Sr: age-sex
%)
51.4
ised rate per 100,000 population 250 Planning Framework
77.7
Households composition (percentage %) 100
23.4
29.0 0
Lambhill and Milton
9.06
40
20
200
cotland Average
40.47
38.23
18.96
20
80
Glasgow
H
18.4
17.0
0
19.6
Lambhill Glasgow 21.3 Single parent households and Milton 150 Milton averages at 143.5 drug related deaths in the last ten Fig. 56 : Drug related hospital patients (Sr) Householders living alone hs for 10 years (Cr2 ) years, 223.1 that is more than double the Scottish average. Unsurprisingly the 40 Drug and Crime Car or vanhospitalised availability in households(percentage %) 100 percentage of patients for drug related Other incidents is more than 51.4 Sr: age-sex standard3.2 40.47 three times the Scottish average. Drug offenders also list as more than 100 ised rate per 100,000 20 250 double the Scottish 77.7 average. 1.1 1.53 50 100 population The Glasgow Resilience Plan states that “Glasgow has a violent 8.1 10.94 80 39.88 crime rate that is twice the national average” (Glasgow City Council, 0 200 Drug and Crime or van availability in households(percentage %) 2016). In a city that already has very real problems, Milton rates even 0 Lambhill 80 Glasgow Cr2: crude rate per No cars or vans and Milton higher. ImprovingScotland the 34.4 safety of the urban environment and the life of Lambhill 60 100,000 population 36.71 Ethnic group (percentage %) 250 and Milton Average residents ininthe north of Glasgow will have a direct impact on the overall 150 Drug and Crime 1.1availability or van households(percentage %) 1.53 One car or van 96.8 100 Single parent households 60 residents. lives of the city’s 8.1 10.94 1.22 63.2 Two0.7 cars or vans 40 223.1 100 250 1.1 2.19 200 Householders Drug related deaths for 10 years (Cr2) 1.1 100 living alone 1.53 2.2 8.09 100 80 Three cars or vans 40 Sr: age-s No cars or vans 150 60.12 8.1 10.94 Other 34.4 36.71 20 ised rate 80 200 150 77.7 One car or van 50 populatio 56.0 80 50.77 60 20 No cars or vans 120 Two cars or vans 223.1 36.71 cotland 34.4 0 (percentage %) Households composition 60 150 bled Drug and Crime 100 CarCrime or van availability %) Drug and One car or vanin households(percentage %) Average 0 Lambhill Three cars or vans H 60 40 Sr: age-sex standardGlasgow 0 Lambhill 88.5 90 Scotland and Milton Two cars or vans 100 Cr2: crude rate per 223.1 96 ised rate perAverage 100,000 Lambhill 250 and 143.5 Milton 250 Glasgow 77.7 40 1.1 100 1.53 50 100,000 population population and Milton 29.0 Ethnic group (percentage %) 100 56.0 Three cars or vans 50.77 38.23 standard40 20 Sr: age-sex 8.1 10.94 60 80 ised rate per 100,000 related deaths for 10 years (Cr2 200 200 77.7Drug0.7 1.22 63.2 20 50 0 population 100 Car/van sccessibility (percentage %) 56.0 80 1.1 50.77 2.19 (percentage Affiliation 19.6 20 150 2.2 No cars or Lambhill vans 0 8.09 Scotland 34.4 36.71 100 60 Lambhill 30 100 21.3 and Milton Average Glasgow 150 7.08 One car0 or van 7.6 0 and Milton150 80 60 Lambhill Lambhill 0 120 Glasgow Scotland Two cars or vans 223.1 and Milton Lambhill 0 80 223.1 40for 10 years Drug related deaths (Cr2) 80 and Milton Average Glasgow 100 35.9 26.3 31 Milton100 Lambhill Scotland /vanandsccessibility (percentage %) Three cars or vans 51.4 60 40 150 Sr: ageSr: age-sex standardand Milton Average 90 0.8 40.47 Cr2: cru 2.26 100 ised rate ised rate per 100,000 Drug related deaths20for 10 years 143.5 60 1.3 64.72 ( Cr2 ) 88.5 60 77.7 77.7 100,000 50 White 96 50 populati /van sccessibility (percentage %) population 56.0 60
50.77
20
100 80
abled
35.9
40
African
0
64.1 Scotland 0
80 60
Lambhill Cr4: crude rate per Lambhill 64.72 20 and Milton Average 10,000 resident and Milton population
35.9
100.9
Glasgow 35.28
Other ethnic groups 143.5
64.1150 250
40 20
100
Lambhill and Milton
Scotland Average
90 60
143.5
60 30
0
63.2
White
30 0
80
64 40 63.2
0 Lambhill Glasgow and Milton Lambhill Scotland 30 Cr2: crude rate per 54.4 and Milton population Average 100,000 20 Single parent households 0 0 Cr2: crude rate per Lambhill Glasgow related deaths for 10 years (Cr Householders alone 63.2 Drug living Lambhill Scotland 0 and Milton100,000 population 150 and Milton Lambhill Average Other Glasgow and Milton
35.28 64.1120 200
5.26
60
20
120 90
Drug Offenders 64.72deaths Drug related for 10 years (Cr2) 0 Car/van sccessibility (percentage %)
60 40
40
150 120
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British
120
Households35.9 without access to car/van Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British Lambhill Scotland 35.28 Scotland and Milton Average Christian 90 Households with access tocrude car/van African 0 Cr2: rate per Average 143.5 60 64.72 143.5 227 asualties 0 Cr4: crude rate per Muslim LambhillEthnic 100,000 population Scotland group (percentage %) Other ethnic groups 10,000 resident Lambhill Scotland and Milton Average 60 60 100 Other population and Milton Average Drug Offenders religion 40100.9 63.2 Households without access to car/van Travelling 0.7 1.22 63.2to work by transport (percentage %) 20 0
No r Cr2: cr Reli 100,00
Lambhill 90 150 and Milton
100
Households with3050access to car/van 100 20 Households without accessAdults to car/van
Households with00 access to Children car/van d a lot 80
64.1 35.28 38.1
velling to workLambhill by transport %) 0 (percentage 55.47 Scotland
d06a little
2.77
100
mited velling 100 80
r 80 60
cotland verage
and Milton
Lambhill Average 60 and Milton
Scotland Average
to work by transport (percentage %) Road accident casualties Fig. 57 : Drug Offenders (Cr4) 38.1 5 38.1
4
Cr3: crude40rate per Households without access to car/van 55.47 resident 1,000 61.9 population 44.53 Households with access to car/van 55.47
20
2.2 250 30
1.1
8.09
2.19
80
200 0
Drug Offenders 60
250
150
Drug Offenders 250 200
200 150
96
Lambhill and Milton 227
Scotland Average
88.5
40 Fig. 58 : Drug related deaths in the last ten years (Cr2)
100
20
227
50
100.9
Cr4: crude rate per 10,000 resident
49
Cr4: c 10,000 popula
Drug and Crime
Car or van availability in households(percentage %) 100
1.1
1.53
8.1
10.94
250
Booklet No.3 200
80
No cars or vans
Milton: A Statistical Portrait 34.4
36.71
60
One car or van
150
Two cars or vans
223.1 100
Three cars or vans
40
56.0
20
77.7
50
50.77
Sr: age-sex standardised rate per 100,000 population
0 0
Lambhill and Milton
Lambhill and Milton
Glasgow
Scotland Average
Drug related deaths for 10 years (Cr2)
Transport Car/van sccessibility (percentage %)
150
100
120 80Households within Milton are less likely to own a car/van than households 35.9 Glasgow and they are twice as likely not to have%) access to a car or van.and Crime Drug Car orinvan availability in almost households(percentage For that reason those employed in Milton are 29% more likely to travel to work on90 Cr2: crude rate per 143.5 60 64.72 public transport or by foot/bicycle. Families without the financial means to250 own a 100,000 population 1.1 1.53 100 car, as well as all those who cannot drive because they are too young, too old or 60 8.140 too disabled, are 10.94 deeply dependant on a reliable and regular network of buses and 63.2 trains as well as legible and safe pathways from one area to another. The200 current 64.1 80 infrastructure is lacking and has a debilitating impact No cars or vanson residents who have no 30 20 34.4 36.71 other choice. 35.28 car or within van the area indicates 150 A high level of road accident One casualties that this Car or van availability in households(percentage %) 60 0 kind of environment is not in place andTwo thatcars pedestrians are in danger when moving or vans 0 223.1 Lambhill Scotland activitythrough (percentage %) large amount of speedbumps in place are another telling the area. The sign 100 Lambhill Scotland and Milton Average 1.1 Three cars or vans 1.53 40 of speeding issues in the area. 100 Sr: age-sex standardand Milton Average 8.1 10.94 ised rate per 100,000 77.7 50 population 56.0 50.77
20
80
Households without access to car/van
34.4
Employee: Part-time Households with access to car/van
0
Lambhill and Milton
60
LambhillEmployee: Full-time Glasgow
us Glasgow and Milton
Travelling to work by transport (percentage %) Unemployed Population economic activity %) (percentage %) Car/van sccessibility (percentage 100
100
80
Retired
5
8.44
55.47
11.36
1760
60
64.72 6.44 6.34
60
7.8 3.6 40 30.9 64.1 20 2020
36.26 35.28 11.13
Lambhill and Milton Employee: Part-time 90
0
Administrative and
No cars or vans One car or van Scotland Average Two cars or vans
250
50.77
15
Unemployed
143.5
227
Retired
80
35.9
Long-term sick or disabled
0
40
64.1 20
0
40
10.94
34.4
36.71
100.9
50
5
N
O Cr2: crude ratecrude per rate per Cr4: 100,000 population 10,000 resident DrugT population 150 T
56.0
20
120
50.77
0
Lambhill 64.72 and Milton
60
8.1
60
63.2
100
30
1.53
80
Glasgow 150
100 (percentage %) Car/van sccessibility 60
44.53
1.1
100
200
Self-employed
Lambhill Scotland Other Lambhill and Milton Glasgow Lambhill ScotlandAverage Elementary occupations and andMilton Milton Average Process, planttoand machine Travelling work by foot/bike or public transport operatives Fig. 59and : Car/Van Accessibility (%) Sales customer service Travelling to work by car/van Households without access to car/van occupations 50 Caring, leisure and other Households with access to car/van service occupations Skilled trades occupations 0
120
0
Employee: Full-time
61.9
4040
wn (percentage %) 13.50
5
56.0 150
20
11.7 Other 35.9
20
cars or vans in household Car or Three van availability Drug Offenders Drug related deaths for 10 years (Cr2)
40
15.5 Long-term sick or disabled 38.120.03 80 80
25
10
Self-employed
100
0
36.71
D
0
Scotland Average
90
Lambhill and Milton
Glasgow
60
Road accident casualties 5 Car/van sccessibility (percentage % Fig. 60 : Car/Van availability in households (%)
30
4 35.28
3
100
80
Adults 35.9
0
55.47
Drug Offenders
d a little avelling to work by transport (percentage %) 60 mited Population economic activity(percentage (percentage%) %) rs) 100 Occupations breakdown (percentage %) hout access to car/van rs) Occupations breakdown eakdown (percentage %)
250
100 Planning Framework 40 h access to car/van
80
Car or 40 80 availability in households(p 150 van 80 227 35.9 35.9
35.9
1.1
100100
60
1.53
64.72 100.964.72 10.94
60 60
64.72
Cr4: c 10,00 20 popul
8.1
Elementary occupations occupations Elementary Process, plant 44.53 0 Process, plant and and machine machine 40 80 50 13.84 80 40 operatives No c 40 operatives Drug Offenders 150 34.4 64.1 36.71 ork by 6.4 60 SalesEmployee: and customer customer service 227 Sales and service 64.1 Part-time Cr4: crude rate per One 64.1 occupations 0 occupations 250 20 11.35 60 60 20 10,000 resident Caring, leisure and other 35.28 20 Employee: Full-time Caring, leisure and other 35.28 Fig. 61 : Road accident casualties (Cr3) 100 Two population 35.28 service occupations 9.77 40 service occupations Scotland 100.9 Skilled trades occupations White Skilled trades 200 occupations Self-employed Average Thre 00 9.33 40 40 Administrative and 0 44.53 11.35 Administrative and 50 11.35 Lambhill Scotland Asian, A 40 Administrative and to work by Unemployed Lambhillcasualties Scotland secretarial occupations Road accident 11.3520 55.4730.9 40 11.5 Travelling foot/bike or public transport secretarial occupations Lambhill Scotland 11.5 36.26occupations Average and Milton secretarial Average and Milton 56.0 5 50.77 Associate professional and 13.27 African 150 Associate professional and and Milton Average 13.27 20 Retired Associate professional 13.27 20 Travelling toand work by car/van 11.8 technical occupations 11.8 technical occupations227 0 Cr4: crude rate per technical occupations 20 Other e 20 0 Long-term sick or disabled Professional 10,000 resident 17.86 13.5 9.1 9.1 11.13 17.86 Professional occupations occupations 4Households without access to car/van 17.86 Lambhill Professional occupations Scotland 100 0 Households without access to car/van population 0 6.5 Households without access to car/van 6.5 Average Managers, Other directors 100.9 Managers, directors and and senior senior and Milton 4.7 6.83 Lambhill with access to car/van 6.83 Lambhill Managers, directors and senior 0 4.7 Households officials Glasgow Glasgow 0 6.83 Households officials and Milton with access to car/van Households with access to car/van officials and Milton Lambhill 3 Lambhill 44.53 Road accident casualties Glasgow 50 Travelling to work by foot/bike or public transport Glasgow and lasgow and Milton Milton 5 4.4 Travelling to work by car/van 4.06 (percentage %) Car/van sccessibility 100 38.1 15.5 100
200
61.9
20.03 occupations Elementary 13.84 19.5 55.47 13.84 19.5 plant and machine 20 11.7 Process, 8.44 6.4 6.4 operatives 80 transport (percentage %) 80 9.6 9.6 11.36 11.35 customer 11.35 service 17 Sales and occupations 11.8 0 11.8 6.44 9.77 leisure9.77 and other 60 7.8 Caring, 6.34 60 Lambhill 9.33 3.6 service occupations 9.33 and Milton 61.9 15.5 15.5 trades occupations Skilled
80
0
Health problem disability Health (percentage problem and and%) disability (percentage (percentage %) %) disability llandScotland
on
Average
100 100
Travelling to work work by by transport (pe (pe 2 Travelling to transport 2.77%) 2.8 (percentage Travelling to work by transport 100 4
40
11.5 0
12.79
0
11.8
20 Glasgow
tion tion
9.1 6.5 4.7
0
Adults
1
3
Day-to-day activities limited a Day-to-day activities limitedcasualties a lot lot Road accident rk by foot/bike or public transport activities limited a lot 38.1 Day-to-day 80 4.4 Occupations breakdown (percentage %) 5 80 80 Day-to-day activities limited a little Day-to-day activities limited rk by car/van 2 a little Day-to-day activities limited a little 2.8 69.6 Day-to-day activities 69.6 100 Elementary occupations 60 Day-to-day activities not not limited limited 4 Day-to-day activities not limited 60 77.25 60 77.25 13.84 Process, plant and machine 77.25 19.5 1 operatives 6.4 80 40 Sales and customer3 service 9.6 40 11.35 40 61.9 occupations 0 4.4 11.8 Caring, leisure and other 9.77 Lambhill 4.06 60 20 service occupations2 12.3 12.3 and Milton 20 2.77 2.8 9.33 Skilled trades occupations 20 9.96 15.5 9.96 9.96
100 100
100
80
4.06 55.47 2.77
80 80
0 60
Cr 1,0 po
Children 35.9 38.1 38.1 55.47 55.47
Lambhill 60 and 60 Milton
40
Adults 40 40
Scotland 64.72 Average
Cr3: crude rate per
1,000 resident 64.1 61.9 61.9 Children population 44.53 20 44.53 44.53 35.28 20 Scotland 20 Average
0
Administrative and 0 0 Lambhill Scotland 0 secretarial occupations 1 Lambhill Scotland Lambhill Scotland Average and Milton Cr3: crude rate per Lambhill Scotland Associate professional and 13.27 and Milton Average and Milton Average Lambhill Lambhill 1,000 resident technical occupations and Milton Average Glasgow Glasgow and Milton Milton and population 0 Travelling 17.86 Professional occupations Travelling to to work work by by foot/bike foot/bike or or public public tra tra or publicwithout transport Households access to car/van Scotlandto work by foot/bike Lambhill Travelling Managers, directors and Travelling Average andsenior Milton Travelling to to work work by by car/van car/van 6.83 Travelling to work by car/van Households with access to car/van officials 17.9 11.35 17.9
Lambhill and Milton
12.79 12.79
Glasgow
Travelling to work by transport (perce
Health problem and disability (percentage %)
100
100
Day-to-day activities limited a lot
80
38.1 55.47
Day-to-day activities limited a little
80
69.6 77.25
60
Day-to-day activities not limited
60
40
61.9
40
44.53 20
20
12.3 17.9
9.96 12.79
0
Lambhill and Milton
Glasgow
0
Lambhill and Milton
Scotland Average
Travelling to work by foot/bike or public transp Fig. 62 : Working age population travelling to work by public transport (%) Travelling to work by car/van
51
Booklet No.3
Land Use Milton covers 148 hectares, 22 of which consist of an industrial zone on the west of the site. The majority of Milton is occupied by residential buildings. Its population of approximately 6000 covers 126 ha, stretching thin amongst vast areas of derelict land. A quick estimates using an average of 2.4 people per household, gives us 2500 households which brings our density estimate to 19 dwellings per hectares. This of course varries across the site but gives an idea of how low this densite is by modern urban standards. Built in the late 1940s, its layout was heavily influenced two urban planning theories, the tower in the park from Le Corbusier and the sprawling housing of the garden city model by Ebenezer Howard. Indeed, Milton is a physical model of failed urban periphery. Vacant and derelict land was defined according to the Scottish Vacant and Derelict Land Survey and direct observation in a few areas. This identification is contrary at times to existing policies such as the Open Space Strategy (OSS). Indeed the Open Space Strategy (fig.110) highlights some of that vacant or derelict land as protected open space within the City Development Plan. Which means it would not be up for development. However the overall amount of vacant and derelict land in Milton is enormous, 17.5% of the studied area identifies as such (Glasgow City has 6.6%). Open space is not an issue in the area and although pleasant green spaces are needed, the redevelopment of vacant plots is crucial. Increasing Milton’s population density is key to create a safe and walkable environment as well as sustain new businesses and infrastructure. Arguing against the Open Space Strategy when it comes to Milton will be necessary for a successful proposal.
1:10 000
52
Planning Framework
Public Amenity
Public Park
Greenery
School
Industrial
Residential
Vacant
Derelict
Playspace
Fig. 63 : Land use map of Milton
53
Booklet No.3
Land Use
Housing
Defining land ownership in Milton is crucial to understand the constraints in future design changes for the area. However, this data is not publicly available. GHA handed over information identifying the buildings and land they own. The rest of the site, excluding the industrial zone, has been assumed to be in possession of the City Council, other public organization or privately owned (information received from Gordon Barbour (GHA) in a lecture at the University of Strathclyde, 2016). The current situation was highly affected by the Right to Buy policy adopted by Margaret Thatcher in 1980. This allowed residents of publicly-owned housing to buy their homes. This policy has been brought to an end on the 1st of August 2016 meaning that no new publicly owned housing in Milton will become privately owned. Marked buildings are either owned by GHA or GHA has the majority share. Owner-occupants make up around 60% of the housing stock and are evenly distributed. Although there are more owneroccupied housing on the western and eastern edge of Milton, these are not clustered. This will complicate possible future changes of the site’s physical structure. However, GHA owns most of the land these houses are located on. This situation is not ideal for proposing radical transformations, it’s highly possible that owner-occupants will be opposing most of the proposals. Strategic decisions in changing Milton’s physical structure must take into account housing and land ownership to ensure that proposed policies are viable according to owner-occupant placement.
40%
725
1032
60%
Fig. 64 : Ratio of GHA owned buildings vs owner-occupied buildings
54
1:10 000
Planning Framework
GHA owned land
Owner-occupated
GHA Housing
Fig. 65 : Housing and Land Ownership in Glasgow
55
Booklet No.3
Land Use
Housing Developments
We can identify four plots in Milton with the potential to become private sector housing developments and one with a detailed planning consent. There is only one affordable housing development locality in Milton which is currently in construction by GHA. More affordable housing developments as well as private sector housing developments are currently being built or expected to be built in areas closer to the city centre.
Fig. 66 : GHS RDR Approved Affordable Housing Developments
56
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
Planning Framework
2014/15 1:50 000
Potential Construction
Outline Planning Consent Detailed Planning Consent
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Fig. 67 : GHS RDR Proposed Affordable Housing Developments
Fig. 68 : GHS RDR Proposed Private Housing Developments
57
Booklet No.3
Land Use
Primary and Secondary Services Services which are necessary to the well being of residents have been defined as primary services. These include access to food, education and health services. The rest have been defined as secondary services (eg. Hair and Beauty salons). Each type of business has been associated with its own catchment area which indicates the area concerned by its presence. The adjacent diagram has been extracted from Towards an Urban Renaissance to illustrate this concept. Small corner shops are only truly useful for nearby residents, where as secondary schools concern a much larger part of the neighbourhood or even district. Tomorrow’s Homes states that: “We are likely to see people spending more time where they live, which will lead to a need for different types of local services. The prospect of home-based working is a particular motivation for aspiring female entrepreneurs (70%, as compared to 56% of men), and for those over 35 because of the importance of family life for these groups. Additional around-the-clock activity may require and support services such as cafés, crèches, and shared facilities for printing and other office equipment. Strong public transport from both conventional service providers and the sharing economy sector, will be crucial to meet the needs of a generation with lower rates of car travel and ownership.” (ADAM Urbanism, 2014. p61) To create a sustainable and pleasant environment in Milton, new services, both primary and secondary will be needed.
58
Planning Framework
THE SUSTAINABLE CITY
7
Figure 1.3: The city provides the framework for core institutions
(Andrew Wright Associates)
Source: Adapted from ‘Sustainable settlements guide’; University of the West of England
different places, each with a different capacity to respond to change. It is clear that if we are to work with the drivers for Fig. 69 : Various services and their catchment areas indicating the scale of their impact: change we need to understand how they are already affecting towns and cities to produce new urban geography. localy, on the English neighborhood, on the district, on thea town, on the city at whole. The economic context
59
In England, urban areas provide for 91% of the total economic output and 89% of all the jobs.5 Maintaining and improving
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Primary Services
Food
There are five static places in Milton which offer some food: Gil’s Convenience Store (Bus terminus); USave Convenience Store (Scaraway Street); OneOone Convenience Store (Liddesdale Square); Milton’s Supermarket/Gil’s Newsagent and Day-Today express convenience store (Westray Circus). The issue is that these kind of small scale grocery shops offer very little diversity of produce, nearly no fresh produce and a significant increase in cost for consumers. After mapping these shops, it becomes evident that a large portion of Milton’s population does not have direct access to even these less than ideal sources of nourishment. Larger supermarkets placed further out into the city are disconnected from Milton by the railway lines and road network. The food desert is so drastic that a free bus has been organised to take Milton residents to the Asda in Maryhill. It takes 15 minutes one way and runs from 10am to 3pm, every hour. Single working parents must organise themselves differently to be able to shop outside of the normal working hours. Although local initiatives like NGCFI and LoveMilton’s Community Garden are attempting to bridge this gab, creating an environment where shops offering a diversity of fresh produce can thrive will be key in transforming Milton.
B U S T E R M I N U S
L I D D E S D A L E S Q U A R E
Fig. 70 : Four nodes of commercial activity in Milton
60
S C A R A W A Y S T R E E T
W E S T R A Y C I R C U S
Planning Framework
Buildings 1:20 000
Fig. 71 : Stores and their catchment areas where groceries can be bought
20
NTS
Catchment Areas
0
Fig. 72 : Free 15 minutes bus link bringing Milton residents to the Asda in Maryhill
61
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Primary Services
Food
There are three take-away restaurants in Milton, which offer between them fish ‘n’ chips, pizza, curries, kebabs, hot and cold rolls and ice cream. Although these are typical for Glasgow, the lack of available diversity is worrying for the overall health of the residents.
Fig. 73 : Take away restaurants in Milton at Liddesdale Square, Castlebay Street and Bus terminal
There are two butchers (owned by the same family) at Scaraway Street and Liddesdale Square. More of these small, specialist shops (bakers, cheesemongers, grocers, etc) are needed to create variety and robustness. The lack of further options no doubt has its role in the population’s poor health.
Fig. 74 : Two butchershops owned by the same family at Castlebay Street and Liddesdale Square
62
Planning Framework
An ice cream truck also journeys daily through Milton offering the usual ice cream truck treats as well as a large collection of every day essentials. This truck offers immediate relief for residents but produce are also significantly more expensive than in a standard supermarket. Residents are isolated and forced to spend more on day-to-day essentials. For families who are already struggling financially (57.3% of Milton’s residents have income deprivation or employment deprivation) this forced increase in their cost of life is a terrible situation to be in. The Ice Cream Truck sells ice cream and sweets (and hot dogs) but also a wide variety of essentials: milk - tea - coffee - toilet paper cereal - bread - sugar - eggs - canned tomatoes, peas, carrots - fairy liquid - crisps - face wipes - energy drinks - soda drinks - toothpaste - mouth wash - salt - pepper - soap - sponges - bleach - washing powder - bin bags Fig. 75 : Milton’s ice cream truck offers a wide choice of everyday essentials
63
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Primary Services
Health
30.2% of Milton/Lambhill’s residents are suffering from health problems or disabilities which limit their day-to-day activities (The Glasgow Indicators Project, 2012). Milton is also well known for its drug related health and social issues (both alcohol and illegal drugs) (Glasgow Centre for Population Health, 2008). A drop-in recovery centre in Colston Milton Parish Church for those suffering from mental health issues and addiction aims to address the gap in both the public and private sector service provision in dealing with these patterns of behaviour. They offer counselling as well as group activities. “Just like us” suggests that people affected by mental issues and addiction cannot change if they do not know what to change or how to change. Although Milton has a clinic and a dental clinic, there is currently only one doctor practicing in Milton. With an existing population of approximately 6000, Milton should have a minimum of two doctors practicing locally, allowing residents easy access to medical information, diagnosis and treatment (Urban Task Force, 2005). With a population planned to double, a health centre with four practicing doctors will be needed. Pharmacies are found in three of the four nodes of commerce, they have been the few businesses staying afloat due to the large amount of health issues facing Milton residents.
Fig. 76 : Three pharmacies located at Westray Circus, Bus terminal and Liddesdale Square
64
Planning Framework
Buildings 1:20 000
Catchment Areas
Fig. 77 : General practitioners and their catchment areas in and around Milton
20 0
Fig. 78 : Clinics and addiction help centres and their catchment areas in and around Milton
65
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Primary Services
Education
Milton has 2.43% more residents aged 0-15 years old than the rest of the city (The Glasgow Indicators Project, 2012). They live in an environment which fails to offer them suitable activities. The lack of good public transport to the rest of the city means that many are stranded in Milton, with little to nothing to do. With idleness, anti-social behaviour is to be expected. The Glasgow Resilience Plan states that “Population loss has been halted and city’s population is now expected to grow by 15% by 2037.” This increase means that new school provisions will be needed as well as spaces for the young to socialise, play and learn outside of school hours. Over the years, many local schools have closed, including specialised schools which catered for pupils with social and economic issues like there are many in Milton. Today, much of the students must travel to other satellite schools. School buses are few and most pupils must be dropped off by a driving adult.
200
Fig. 79 : Nurseries and their catchment areas
66
Planning Framework
Sites of demolished Buildings 1:20 000
Buildings
Catchment Areas
Fig. 80 : Primary Schools and their catchment areas (site of demolished school in orange)
400
Schoo
l distric
t line
900
Fig. 81 : Secondary schools and their catchment areas (site of demolished school in orange)
67
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Primary Services
Nurseries
Only three nurseries are located within the Milton boundary. The demand for more spaces is already high and at least double the existing amount must be accounted for as the population grows (see concluding table). Only two are public nurseries, and with 37% more people with income deprivation, and 11% more single parents household in Milton/Lambhill than in Glasgow, it’s no wonder residents are for the most part unable to pay the entry fees for Balmore kindergarten. Fig. 82 : Scaraway Nursery School 41 Shapinsay Street Children are 3-5 year old 80 children Cost: £22 per day
Fig. 83 : Balmore Kindergarten
47 Glentanar Road Children are 3-5 years old 69 children Cost: £40 full day, £24 half day
Fig. 84 : Milton Community Nursery School 200 Liddesdale Road Children are 3-5 years old 82 children Cost: non-disclosed
68
Planning Framework
69
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Primary Services
Primary Schools
Today there are two primaries within the boundary and one (Chyrnside Primary) nearing its south-eastern border. A new primary might be necessary to ensure walkable distances for pupils, although the consolidation of existing infrastructure could be sufficient for the planned increase in numbers of primary students.
Fig. 85 : Miltonbank Primary School 11 Skerray Street Non denominational Pupils are 4-11 years old 115 pupils
Fig. 86 : Chirnsyde Primary School
(outside the boundary) 288 Ashgyll Road Non denominational Pupils are 4-11 years old 218 pupils
Fig. 87 : St Monica’s Milton Primary 200 Liddesdale Road Roman Catholic Pupils are 4-11 years old 341 pupils
70
Planning Framework
Three different primaries have been demolished over the years in Milton. The provision of schools used to be regularly spread out across the area, allowing easy access to the children of Milton. Facilities for students of various disabilities were available but now pupils must travel to other parts of the city to receive help and education.
Fig. 88 : St Ambrose Primary
D E M O L I S H E D
Demolished 2010 6 Mingulay Place Non denominational Pupils are 4-11 years old
Fig. 89 : Rosevale School
D E M O L I S H E D
48 Scalpay Street Specialist School Non denominational 4-11 year old 36 pupils in its last year
Fig. 90 : Glasgow’s School for the Deaf Closed 1999 21 Stornoway Street D E M O L I S H E D
71
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Primary Services
Secondary Schools
St Augustine’s Secondary School was demolished in 1999, leaving no other option for Milton residents than to commute daily to satellite schools. Pupils unfortunately cannot access Bishopbrigg’s secondary school because of district boundary lines. Two special needs secondary schools have also been demolished in more recent years, creating a void in specialised education. With the population planned to double, a new secondary school will be needed on site. Fig. 91 : Milton School
D E M O L I S H E D
Demolished 2016 6 Liddesdale Terrace School for special needs Non denominational 11-18 year old 47 pupils in its last year
Fig. 92 : St Augustine’s Secondary School
D E M O L I S H E D
Demolished 2010 256 Liddesdale Street Non denominational Pupils are 4-11 years old
Fig. 93 : St Joan of Arc Special School
D E M O L I S H E D
72
Demolished 2010 722 Balmore Road School for additional support needs Catholic School 11-18 years old
Planning Framework
73
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Secondary Services
Miscellaneous Shops
Milton’s secondary businesses list as follows: (Bus terminus) Marnie’s Hair and Beauty Salon Milton Stores (News - Lottery - Confectionery) (Liddesdale Square) A list Hair and Beauty (Westray Circus) Optician Solicitors and Notaries Spray Ray (tan - nails - massage) Greater Milton and Possilpark Credit Union Ltd. Within the boundary, only three locations have got secondary shops. The lack of available diversity of businesses is due to densities too low to sustain them and a lack of clearly defined centres. Milton’s urban landscape has not allowed for shops to flourish. Bishopbriggs, to the east, offers a large variety of shops but is poorly connected to Milton both via roads, paths and public transport. The railway line acts as an emotional and physical barrier for Milton’s residents. Reconnecting Milton to its surroundings will allow exterior consumers to participate in Milton’s local economy.
Fig. 94 : Hair and beauty shops at the Bus Terminus and Liddesdale Square
74
1:15 000
Planning Framework
20 0
Buildings
Catchment Areas
Fig. 95 : Miscellaneous shops in and around Milton showing a lack of diversity within the boundary and Bishopbriggs as nearest hub
75
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Secondary Services
Hot Drinks and Cold Drinks
Pubs have a long been the heart and soul of British society. Although Milton has a large drinking problem, there are no formal places to drink. Groups of men are found loitering by the side of the canal drinking in the morning hours. Pubs, aside from being places to drink, are also part of a neighborhood’s social fabric and can act as a beneficial centre. Two cafÊs, one in the library, another by the industrial zone, are the only places in Milton where you can get a hot cup of tea, on a dreich day.
S A D N E S S
H A P P I N E S S
Fig. 96 : Unidentified Glasgow man drunk on the street and men cheering in a pub
76
Planning Framework
Buildings 1:20 000
Catchment Areas
Fig. 97 : Pubs near Milton, there are none within the boundary
400
Fig. 98 : CafĂŠs in and around Milton and their catchment areas
77
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Community Spaces
Books and Boxing
There is a shortage of well defined spaces where the community can meet and socialise. A new library has been built, offering books, movies, music and a small cafe for residents. The Arc offers a variety of classes such as boxing, roller discos, badminton and a motorcycle club whilst the A&M Training (Glasgow Life Club) offers free gymnastics and football classes for kids aged 5+ and 12+ respectively. There is a important lack of facilities for teens and young adults, especially in central and northern parts of the development. Anti-social behaviour is an issue. The Milton Social Housing and Regeneration Project indicates that intimidation is often used by under-age teens to obtain alcohol from adults at nearby shops. More needs to be done to address this boredom and empower youth.
Fig. 99 : Milton Library on Liddesdale Road
78
Planning Framework
Buildings 1:20 000
Catchment Areas
Fig. 101 : Library on Liddesdale Road
600
600
Fig. 100 : Sport facilities in Milton
79
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Community Spaces
Parks
The north of Glasgow is well catered to when it comes to parks. However the amount of derelict and vacant land in this part of town diminishes the positive impact of these kinds of spaces. The Milton park is hidden behind housing and often forgotten by the community (issue voiced by the head of LoveMilton). Aside from the play park at its entrance which is regularly occupied, the park that stretches beyond is not well used. Events are planned to take place but the community has voiced concerns that people would not know where to find the park. Moving the park to a more central location could be of interest or another high quality green space could be created in another location. To the west of Milton, beyond the canal, is the Possil Park Nature Reserve but access to it is limited by a lack of bridges. The eastern canal edge is poorly maintained. Mirroring the western edge, with its cycle-able and well maintained paths could encourage residents to head over to the reserve for a pleasant and educative journey.
Fig. 102 : Milton Park’s play park and walkway
80
1:15 000
Planning Framework
600
Parks
Catchment Areas
Fig. 103 : City parks and nature reserves and their catchment areas
81
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Community Spaces
Churches 10
E G I L S A Y T E R R A C E
B A L M O R E R O A D
L I D D E S D A L E S Q U A R E
R O N A L D S A Y S T R E E T
Fig. 104 : Four churches within the Milton boundary
82
00
Churches are dotted over the landscape. Only three still have a congregation and one of them (north of Liddesdale Square) might have to close soon. They run a variety of classes (music, art, dancing, karate, indoor bowling, amongst other things). There are no non-Christian faith spaces in Milton, however with religious diversity being so low there is no need at this time to cater for other religions. A multi-faith space could be an interesting addition for the area if and when a more diverse crowd of believers move to the area.
1:15 000
Planning Framework
Buildings
Catchment Areas
Fig. 105 : Churches and their catchment areas
83
Booklet No.3
Land Use / Community Spaces
Community Led Developments Love Milton is a registered charity operating in Milton since 2008 with the aim of improving the local area. They are behind a number of interventions including Bothy 75 and a community orchard. Marina from LoveMilton has informed us that they have gotten planning permission for a building containing offices and training spaces from which they aim to teach local people the skills necessary to live-buld a new community centre for Milton. The fresh produce desert has led to a number of community developments which include a garden, the Love Milton orchard and a series of North Glasgow Food initiative areas. A memorial garden was built for the community in honour of the too many loved ones lost to an early death due to the area’s history of high levels of violence, ill health or drug use.
Fig. 106 : Residents of Milton enjoying the community garden
Fig. 107 : Love Milton logo
84
Fig. 108 : Orchard
1:10 000
Planning Framework
Development Construction LoveMilton Locations
Local Initiative Proposal Milton Food Hub Locations
Milton Community Garden Development Proposal
Fig. 109 : Community led developments in Milton, both existing and planned
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Booklet No.3
Open Space Strategy Glasgow City Council in cooperation with Glasgow and Clyde Valley Green Network Partnership developed Open Space Strategy as a tool defining the presence of open spaces and their protection, aiming to improve green networks within the city to provide benefits for people and the environment (flood management, health, travel links, ecological connectivity, food growing and balancing pollution effects). OSS is incorporated within the City Development Plan Proposal and associated Supplementary Guidance, which will define an exact protection policy. However, the City Development Plan policy CDP6: Green Belt and Green Network has not yet been published. OSS defines various kinds of protected and unprotected open space. On the adjacent map, only the red hatched open spaces are marked as unprotected, everything else is to be protected according to current plans. Protected areas are located also on vacant plots (one is currently under development) and the amount of protected open space in the studied area is excessive by its sizes. This strategy limits possible future development in Milton, and its revision will therefore be necessary in the strategic proposal for Milton’s transformation process.
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Parks
Other functional greenspaces - Allotments
Sports Areas
Housing Sites affecting protected Open Space Sites not affecting protected Open Space
Amenity Greenspace
Playspace - children / teenagers Green Corridors - green access routes Fig. 110 : Open Space Strategy
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Booklet No.3
Land Use
Summary
Primary services are lacking in Milton. Too small a population is stretched over too vast a land. Density currently stands at 47.6 pp/ha, much lower than an ideal urban environment. A summarising table (see across) using data from Shaping Neighbourhoods and Towards an Urban Renaissance gives an overview of existing and needed services. Three post offices and three pharmacies seem to be the only services of which there are enough of. Derelict spaces and poor road networks act as further deterrent for the sustaining of activity nodes where community life can grow. Residents are forced to leave their neighbourhood to go elsewhere, it is esentially forced displacement. There are not enough nursery places for working parents, not enough nearby school places for pupils, not enough sources of daily essentials. Families who are already struggling as is, are forced to spend higher amounts of money for food and essentials as the only nearby shops are small and un-diversified. The deficit in primary services must be filled to give residents the dignity they deserve, through simplified access to education and improved health and nourishment. To create a true centre for Milton with the necessary pull to attract and sustain activity, a diversity of businesses are needed, both primary and secondary. Two family run butcher-shops are found in Milton, more small local businesses of this type are needed, residents must be encouraged to develop ideas by creating room for them through successful urban environments and improved connections to nearby neighbourhoods and the city at whole. Tomorrow’s Homes (ADAM Urbanism, 2014, p61) states that homeworking employees is the fastest growing sector in any part of the workforce so a combination of mixed-use developments and homes that can cater to this changing trend will be needed in any proposal for Milton. “Homeworking is forecast to be particularly important to economic development in rural areas, where it already represents 18.88% of the workforce. The rural market is largely for highly tailored units for the self employed and small businesses, rather than home-working employees. However, employed homeworkers will be important to consider going forward. This sector grew by 52.8% between 1998 and 2014, faster than any other part of the workforce. In market towns there is a strong market for live/work districts; combinations of mixed-use units and work hubs. Finally, live/work development may be especially important to consider for new settlements, and the government have already called for such provision in Eco-Towns and specific sites such as Thames Gateway. Workspace and residential facilities can bring a new function to regenerate hollowed-out high streets across the board as shopping moves online.�
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Total Site Area: 148 ha Industrial Zone Area: 22 ha Total Non Industrial Area: 126 ha
Current Situation 6000/126 47.6 pp/ha
Requirement for population of 6000 6 000 / 126 47.6 pp/ha
Requirement for population of 12000 12000 / 126 95.2 pp/ha
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Fig. 111 : Summary of existing services compared to requirement per population size
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Booklet No.3
Topography
Glasgow
Glasgow’s Topography is remarkably hilly. Stretching out on the either side of the Clyde, it has adapted to dramatic changes in level. Canals snake their way at the base of the hills linking the north western parts of the city to the Clyde. The dense and gridded layout of the city centre and west end is weakened and dissolved as one reaches the city’s periphery. Developments hug the hills and disperses, reducing in density as we move away from the centre. Milton sits at the northern periphery of Glasgow. The whole northern part of the city is physically separated from the centre by a range of hills which act as a barrier for movement. The area has been identified by the Glasgow Resilience Plan as key in the development of the city. “We will work with the communities in the north of Glasgow to connect and build on these initiatives and opportunities. By trialling a resilience planning approach in the north, we can transfer experiences to other areas of the city, ensuring the delivery of a greater resilience dividend for all Glaswegians.” (Glasgow Resilience Plan p.53) Tackling issues of the north of Glasgow will have a direct impact on the city as a whole. Milton is just one of many areas which have suffered from poor planning and a lack of investment. The ideas put forward in the development of Milton could be replicated/customised for other neglected parts of the city to ensure the development of strong and connected centres all over the urban realm.
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Fig. 112 : Topography of Glasgow with Milton due north of the centre, at the periphery of the city
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Booklet No.3
Topography
Milton
The topographical profile of the studied area is key to understand the current street network. Main roads effectively follow contour lines and the whole urban structure of Milton has been heavily affected by this decision. Level differences between extreme points in Milton span more than 20 meters in height which makes the area’s topographical profile relatively hilly with the highest peak in the central part. Most of the area is north facing and any proposal will be forced to react to this profile.
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Fig. 113 : Topography of Milton with four section lines
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Fig. 114 : Sections through Milton with south and north facing slopes highlighted North-facing
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Booklet No.3
Topography
Slopes
Despite the fact that current urban fabric is heavily affected by topography, it largely ignores the aspect of hills and their affect on available sunlight. Most of Milton is north-facing, only two streets on its southern edge are south-facing and most of the south-facing areas, ideal for development, are currently vacant. This situation decreases the quality of the existing housing stock. Future strategic transformations should react to this and increase the ratio of south-facing housing developments. Similar illogical planning aspect decision become evident through a slope analysis. Traditionally, flat land is developed first, however most of Milton’s developed parts are located on steep slopes. This make plot development more expensive and usually renders gardens less attractive and less functional. This is easily observable in Torogay Street. Vacant and derelict land is mostly located in flatter areas of Milton, simplifying possible future development in these areas. However, it is possible that the current urban fabric has been more affected by ground conditions such as mining and what has been considered illogical planning is actually very reasonable.
Fig. 115 : Housing developed on steep hills with impractical front gardens and steep street scape
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Fig. 117 : Steepness of slopes
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Fig. 116 : Orientation of slope profile in Milton
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Booklet No.3
Topography
Flooding
As previously detailed, the City Development Plan Proposal’s Natural Environmental Policy, has selected the area of Milton as a location for future flood risk management. This evokes the necessity of further analysis of flooding issues in the area. Geological Indicators of Flooding presented in blue is an indication of geological deposits which may be vulnerable to flooding. This means that marked areas can be affected by flooding, however are not necessarily. Data obtained through digimaps does not take into account any man-made factors, only purely geological data. The historically affected area lies in the northern part of the Milton and includes parts of Castlebay Street and Scaraway Street. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency provides recent data of flooding risk, which in the case of Milton illustrate likelihood of areas being affected by surface water flooding. The superimposition with geological indicators confirms the previously revealed area of high risk in north of the Milton and describes other areas with similar risk. The result shows the necessity of a flood management strategy as identified in the City Development Plan. To the north east of the site, work is currently underway to prevent sewer flooding. This does not relate to the flooding information presented in the adjacent map but is worth mentioning.
Fig. 118 : Works underway to prevent sewer flooding
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Geological Indicators
Fig. 119 : Geological and current flooding patterns in Milton
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Booklet No.3
Topography
Geology
Most of the area’s bedrock is limestone which is not problematic for construction. However the large presence of ironstone and coal under most of the studied area explains the mining past of the area. This past activity hints at the presence of an extensive network of underground tunnels which have already created issues in past developments and will most definitely impact future construction in terms of delays and costs. The findings also confirm and extend findings about open quarries, discussed in the next page. The map also mirrors flooding reports with sedimentary deposits closely linked to areas historically prone to flooding.
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Fig. 120 : Geological study of the area
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Booklet No.3
Topography
Ground Conditions
Before the year 1900, the area not yet known as Milton was heavily mined (see Booklet No.2 - History and Stories), however accurate data from this period is not available. Five sources of mining information have been compiled (historical maps from 1860 & 1930, two site analysis documents provided by GHA and the Milton Social Housing and Regeneration Project) to allow as detailed a review as information. As illustrated, the sources of information are relatively different, with a few exceptions of confirmed mine shaft locations (mostly out of the study area). Only two sources (GHA) are fully reliable as historical maps are imprecise and the MSHRP source is just generally referenced to GCC. Only the historical maps provide an overview of Milton, the rest of the sources focus only on selected areas. According to the estimated locations of mine shafts from historical maps and GHA it becomes clear that the studied area has been heavily mined and that ground instabilities are to be expected. This assumption is confirmed by the MSHRP data and the geological profile of the studied area (see p.XXX). Some historical mine shaft areas have already been built upon, which shows that construction activity is not impossible in these areas, however detailed examinations are needed and foundations could be expensive. Some areas surrounding Milton were mined as open quarries, although mine shaft entrances have been irregularly mapped, it can be expected that most of the area is riddled by tunnels. The exact location of these are unknown as underground maps are no longer available. Only a few mine shafts had been reportedly grouted (such as those located below the high-rises off Liddesdale Rd).
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Mineshafts (GHA) Assumed to be mined (MSHRP)
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Fig. 121 : Historical location of open quarries and mine shafts in Milton
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Booklet No.3
Topography
Vacant and Derelict Land
Derelict land is plentiful in Milton, sites of demolished schools, the old library and spaces dotted in the industrial section of the site all used to contain buildings which have been demolished. The old main street Liddesdale Road is now and for the most part, derelict and empty. Some new housing developments are underway on part of this street. Vacant land or empty greenfield sites, undeveloped until now for reasons unknown (underground mines perhaps or lack of funding) also hold a prominent presence in the neighbourhood. There is a lot of room to work with to restructure Milton’s urban realm. These sites must be analysed to understand if and how they can be developed. Increased investment might be necessary in brownfield sites to decontaminate the area and tackle any issues created by underground mining tunnels.
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Vacant
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Fig. 122 : Vacant land, derelict land and land currently being developed in Milton
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Booklet No.3
Street Hierarchy
Roads and Nodes
Thick dashed red = Main Urban street Medium dashed red = Inter-district urban road Thin dashed red = Busy District Street (>250 cars/hr) Thin dashed orange = District Street (100<x>200 cars/hr) Green = Neighbourhood Street Blue = Neighbourhood Dead-ends Red dot = Urban Nodes
Four agglomerations of shops and services have been identified as urban nodes of activity in Milton. Another node was placed at the library/cafe/nursery and primary building complex to highlight the presence of community activity. The main streets wrap around the neighbourhood to facilitate car movement and remove traffic from the centre of the development. These streets do not aim to be social spaces and indeed three of the four identified nodes are off centred from the main axes of travel. This removal of spaces of life from the main axes of travel mean that the nodes attract little attention and community life is strained. The neighbourhoodâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s boundaries are delineated by main roads, railway tracks and canals, which create man-made and natural barriers between communities. Milton is in effect somewhat of an island. On public transport, it takes about 30 minutes to travel the 3.5 miles to Queens Street Station in the city centre which is an average of 7mph. That is barely quicker than walking. The amount of derelict space, the lack of street intersections and crossings and the removal of activity nodes from the centre of the development means that the emotional impact is that of alienation.
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Fig. 123 : Hierarchy of road network and location of activity nodes in Milton
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Booklet No.3
Street Hierarchy
Roads and Nodes
The traditional city has always organised itself along its main axes of travel, with street crossings the most desirable places for businesses. Residential streets then spanned in between this criss crossing of social, cultural, economical and educational activity to allow a more peaceful environment for residents without losing direct access to these services. Modernist principles rejected the traditional city. The streets were dirty and dangerous places which should exclusively belong to the car. Places of life had to be clustered and moved to calmer and off centred areas.
Fig. 124 : Modernist road layout with places of life removed from main axes of travel
This transformation has been illustrated through the two following diagrams Fig 125 and Fig 126. - The neighbourhood (pink) is mostly residential within 400m (average walkable distance) from nodes. - The urban node (red) is the centre of diverse local services. - The environmental area (dashed green) is local streets. - The main street (thick solid black) and local streets network (thin dashed black). Back in the 40s, as planners laid out Milton, it is very probable that they had the first model in mind, which would explain why they purposefully interrupted the historical main street (Liddesdale Road) to redirect traffic at the outskirts of the development (fig 127). Unfortunately centers of activity cannot be sustained without increased traffic and footfall (residents and visitors). For that reason, smaller failing nodes of activity have formed along the main axis of travel. They are not located at crossings and their lack of interconnection weakens them and explains in part the lack of success for new businesses. These nodes have not been represented as identical to those in the first two diagrams, as they offer very little diversity in services and for that reason lack the pull needed to attract people (fig 128). The transformation of Milton should aspire to return towards a traditional layout with the re-establishment of the connection that made the historical main street, in fact, a main street and the creation of new clusters of shops and services (fig 129).
Fig. 125 : Traditional road and nodes layout with places of life placed along the main axes of travel
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Fig. 126 : Planner’s vision for Milton
Fig. 127 : Today’s consequences of a weakened centre
Fig. 128 :Proposal for strenghtening Milton’s roads and nodes
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Booklet No.3
Channels of Movement
56% of Lambhill/Milton’s population does not own a car or van, that is 5.3% more than the Glasgow’s average. Only 48% of Lambhill/ Milton’s working age residents are employed and 61.9% of those employed residents travel to work by foot/bike or public transport (The Glasgow Indicators Project, 2012). The lack of access to cars as well as the aspirations for a more sustainable city, means that public transport routes, core paths and pedestrian pathways are more crucial than ever for Milton and the city at whole. Tomorrow’s Homes states that : “A recent Urban Land Institute study predicts that demand for compact, walkable development will continue to rise, while demand for more remote suburban housing will fall. Sixty percent of Millennials expressed a preference for mixed housing options in proximity to public transport, shopping, workplaces, and 75% said they value walkability in their residential decisions. The driving force consistently emphasised in the ULI report and related op-eds such as ‘Letter from a Millennial: We’re not going to buy your house’, is that housing aspirations are shifting away from the dormitory suburban, car-dependent model.” (ADAM Urbanism, 2014, p57) The emphasis is on mixed use and walkable developments. Milton must redesigned and new developments integrated within the old to create clear centres and clear transport routes within the neighbourhood, towards surrounding neighbourhoods and towards the city at large. Milton has been laid out as a car centric development however it is clear that this is not reflective of the reality and needs of its residents. There is a very real demand for good public transport and attractive and legible links towards the rest of the city.
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Figure 3.3: Planning the integrated transport system
(Andrew Wright Associates)
Fig. 129 city as connected an integrated transport system of allpolicy scales will often need to be reduced. To respond to this, the: The Government will need with to complete its national review of speed and speed limits quickly. Limits of 20mph and lower could become the norm in most urban residential areas and high streets. Where traffic calming is also introduced to an existing street it needs to be designed with pedestrians and cyclists in mind. 109 To this end, we would like to see the formal introduction of Home Zones in this country. Based upon the best German and Dutch examples, Home Zones are groups of streets which create living spaces, where pedestrians have absolute priority and cars
Booklet No.3
Channels of Movement
Buses and Trains
The opposite map indicating bus stops and train stations makes the deficit in access to public transportation very clear. Vast areas of Milton are far way from their nearest bus stops and train stations. Although the central part of Milton has some bus stops, those highlighted in orange are those bus stops which run only a few times a day and do not connect to the city at large. Five buses have been identified which connect Milton to the rest of the city (see next page). The 75 is the main bus route into town and towards the south side. Other small bus routes reach to other parts of the city: the A1 travels to the Maryhill/Kelvin area, the 128 and the M8 to Springburn and Cowcaddens, and the 352 which runs towards the east of the town centre and into the south side. Although these connections are efficient (particularly the 75), the lack of nearby services and the presence of obstacles such as the railway line means that the journey out of the neighbourhood carries an alienating quality.
Fig. 130 : The 75 bus arriving at the bus terminal on Castlebay Street
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Fig. 131 : Bus stops and train stations and their catchment areas in and around Milton
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Channels of Movement
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Fig. 132 : Bus links connecting Milton to the rest of the Glasgow
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Booklet No.3
Channels of Movement
Bikes
Although car ownership levels are so low, Milton has been laid out as a car centric development. It is clear that this is not reflective of the reality and needs of its residents. There is a very real demand for good public transport and attractive and legible links to the rest of the city. An aspirational core cycling network has been laid out by Glasgowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Strategic Plan for Cycling connecting neighbourhoods through well maintained and legible pathways. Lambhill and Springburn are indicated, Milton (red dot on map) could easily be grafted onto this plan through the transformation of the eastern bank of Forth and Clyde canal and the definition of other core paths. Nextbikes, a public bike sharing facility has recently been implemented in Glasgow and many stations have popped up around the city centre and into the south side and west end. No stations are present in the north as of yet. The presence of large hills and poor bike friendly links between neighbourhoods will explain this in part (see following page). Developing links at the base of hills, following the canals for example, would be a positive way to bring a bike friendly environment into this part of the city.
Fig. 133 : Sign post of bike friendly pathway along the canal
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Fig. 134 : Aspirational Core Cycling Network for Glasgow
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Channels of Movement
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Fig. 135 : NextBikes stations related to Glasgowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s topography
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Booklet No.3
Channels of Movement
Core Paths
The Nextbike stations are mostly located in the city centre, stretching out into the west end, south side and less so, towards the east. The location of a range of hills to the north of the city centre has likely prevented the creation of more stations. However canals can double up as “The aim of Glasgow City Council’s Core Paths Plan is to ensure that important paths and routes are recorded and promoted, helping to achieve a “connected Glasgow” where residents and visitors can move easily around the path network on foot, by bike, by horse or any other non-motorised means - including ‘water paths’ for rowers, canoeists and other non-motorised water users.” Core Paths Plan The paths on either side of the canal should be improved to increase carrying capacity for cycles. This has a direct linking ability to the Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan. New connections linking Milton to the canal will allow the formation of a clear connection to the city.
Fig. 136 : Photos along the Forth and Clyde Canal starting from Aultbay Street and going south to Lambhill
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Figure 2.4: Cities and towns should be designed as networks that link together residential areas to public open spaces and natural green corridors with direct access to the countryside
(Andrew Wright Associates) Fig. 137 : Cities designed as networks linking residential areas to public open space and natural green corridors
Towards a public realm strategy
119 To create a public realm with positive amenity value requires a comprehensive approach to planning, urban design and management which gets over the current fragmentation of statutory roles and responsibilities. A Public Realm Strategy, which requires local authorities to plan comprehensively for all aspects of the public realm, should either form part of the Local Plan
Booklet No.3
Channels of Movement
Motorised Traffic Flow
Lambhill/Milton’s adult road accident casualties are lower than the Scottish average (Glasgow Centre for Population Health, 2008). However shockingly, the neighbourhood’s children casualties is almost twice the country’s average. Milton’s roads are clearly lacking in safety. Street hierarchy becomes clear through the analysis of traffic flow. This study was conducted during morning peak hours (7-9am). Most of the cars travel around Milton, primarily along Ashgyll Road and Scarraway Street, but traffic is also high along the old main street Liddesdale Road. A large amount of speed bumps, spread at regular interval along these roads speak of speeding issues which have been tackled with this retrofit solution. The original design did not consider the potential for speeding and so a cheap, engineered solution was implemented which unfortunately does not take into account the streetscape or public realm. There is also a large amount of traffic exiting the industrial zone indicating a high level of activity although this does not affect Milton’s residential area.
Fig. 138 :Traffic work on Ashgyll Road
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Fig. 140 : Traffic Flow Study in Milton
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Booklet No.3
Channels of Movement
Speed Study
A speed study was conducting during off-peak hours to get a sense of the average driving speed in the studied area. Recording vehicle speed in Milton was complicated due to a record number of speed bumps which ensure an accordion affect of cars slowing down and speeding up. Although these rendered the study more difficult, they are a clear indication of a speeding issue in the area which has been tackled with a less than attractive solution. Median speeds average between 10 and 26 mph which is acceptable. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s clear this has been induced by the many speed bumps. Exiting the neighbourhood through Liddesdale Road, the median speed reaches 32 mph which is worrying as it indicates some drivers are going much faster than the speed limit creating a hostile environment for pedestrians. Main roads such as Scaraway Street, Castlebay Street, Liddesdale Road and Ashgyll Road show higher car speeds (25-28 mph) whilst residential streets such as Torrogay Street and the western edge of Scaraway Street have more controlled median speeds (23 mph and 19 pmh). The proposal for Milton will have to tackle these issues through well designed streets which encourage slow traffic in areas of community activity. An increase in road intersections, a narrowing of streets and increase in pedestrian sidewalks, the implementation of visual obstacles such as trees and sidewalk changes are all ways to create a more pedestrian friendly environment.
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Fig. 141 : Median Speed Study and speed bumps in Milton
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Channels of Movement
Speed Study 100
Cars traveling at instant speeds of above 30 mph are most numerous in areas where distances between buildings are widest and perceived obstacles limited (fig. 47; 52-54). The main roads: Scaraway Street and Liddesdale Road have high levels of fast drivers and so these areas which should be places of social activity for the community are damaged. Ashgyll Road shows low levels of vehicles traveling at high speeds but that is most likely due to the presence of road works at the time of the site visits which encroach on the lanes and forces vehicles to slow down. Residential streets with narrow lanes, side parking, gardens, a diminished width from one building edge to the other, show the highest levels of slow drivers. Although private vehicles have been observed to drive slowly on Torrogay Street, service vans traveling from Ashgyll Road to Liddesdale Square are driving perceivable fast and create an uncomfortable environment for pedestrians. This was confirmed to be an issue by a resident on the street.
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Fig. 148 : G. Liddesdale Road section and instant speed study graph
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Confusion is created through a lack of legibility in the urban environment. Liddesdale Road has the structure of a main road (2 lanes + parking spaces). Ashgyll Road acts as the main entrance point for the site (4 lanes with central divider). Connecting these two roads is the very residential Torrogay Street (1 lane + on street parking). This discourages use of Liddesdale Road but also forces service trucks onto residential streets where their speed is problematicaly high.
Fig. 151 : Serial photographs Liddesdale Road and Square to Torrogay Street to Ashgyll Road
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The traditional main street Liddesdale Road which originally connected to Colston Road was interrupted with the creation of Liddesdale Square. Traffic was then redirected through the residential streets Torrogay Street and, less so, Ronaldsay Street. This move was most likely a consequence of the new planning ideas of the time which suggested that the majority of traffic be removed to the edges of the site. Standing on Torrogay Street, it becomes evident that this has created a series of issues. Ashgyl Road, a four lane street with a central division is appropriate for high levels of traffic and increased speed. Liddesdale Road, a two lane street with side parking and buildings removed from the immediate edge is also conducive to increased traffic and speed. Torrogay Street however is a narrow, one lane and side parking residential street. Service trucks are constantly hurling themselves down this street creating an uncomfortable environment for pedestrians. Within an hour study, four instances of clear driver confusion were recorded. Two instances of cars having to reverse after missing the turn towards the square, one instance of cars nearly running into each other by taking the turn too quickly and tightly; and one of cars overtaking each other by the right instead of the left due to failed manoeuvring.
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Fig. 152 : Sectional street study traveling out of Milton
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Fig. 155 : Two instances of cars reversing after missing the exit
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Hildebrandt Frey’s Proposal Hildebrandt Frey was a professor at Strathclyde University who detailed a proposal for strengthening Glasgow’s urban realm. Crucial in his proposal is the creation of interconnected centres throughout the city. He is one of the few to have integrated Milton in his proposal. The City Development Plan is also based on an interconnected series of centres although it fails to truly address the site. The location of the new library has been indicated as Milton’s new centre of activity. Liddesdale Road has been reinstated as a main axes of travel and area of commercial and community activity. Connected back to Lambhill and Bishopbriggs it integrates Milton within its environment and ensures that residents of nearby neighbourhoods can easily travel to and from the newly established centre. Existing and proposed district centres
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Fig. 156 : Hildebrandt Frey’s Proposal for Milton within Glasgow
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If these rules could be translated from a theoretical model of a city or city regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s micro-structure to a real city then the viability of the suggested urban structure would be confirmed and their importance for a more sustainable city or Planning Framework city region would be entrenched. NTS
Fig. 157 : Existing and potential town boundaries and centres in the conurbation of Glasgow
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exist or potential ones can relatively easily be defined. In the northern inner south-east/north-west development zone, and specifically in its western part, where development is more continuous, the boundaries of towns are more difficult to establish and potential town
5â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13. Existing and potential district boundaries and centres in the conurbation of Glasgow (based on OS Pathfinder maps)
Existing Neighbourhood Centres and Real or Notional Neighbourhoods, Their Boundaries and Locations Neighbourhood centres are recognisable through the location of post offices, Fig. 158 : Establishing linkages between existing and potential centres of provision in the conurbation of Glasgow
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ADAM Urbanism, Grainger plc. (2014). Tomorrow’s Home, Hampshire: ADAM Publishing. Barbour, G. (2016). Milton. Barton, Hugh, Marcus Grant, and Richard Guise. Shaping Neighbourhoods. London: Routledge, 2010. Print. Barton.H, Grant.M and Guise.R, (2010), Shaping Neighbourhoods – 2nd Edition, Routledge Boundary-Line™ [SHAPE geospatial data], Scale 1:10000, Tiles: GB, Updated: 21 March 2016, Ordnance Survey (GB), Using: EDINA Digimap Ordnance Survey Service, <http://digimap.edina. ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-21 19:53:57.823 DiGMapGB-10 [SHAPE geospatial data], Scale 1:10000, Tiles: ns56ne,ns57se,ns66nw,ns67sw, Updated: 1 November 2013, BGS, Using: EDINA Geology Digimap Service, <http://digimap. edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-28 22:20:55.936 Frey, H. (1999). Designing the city. London: E & FN Spon. Geological indicators of flooding [SHAPE geospatial data], Scale 1:50000, Tiles: GB, Updated: 1 November 2010, BGS, Using: EDINA Geology Digimap Service, <http://digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-28 22:20:55.936 GHA, (2016). Engineering Site Appraisal / Desktop Study’s. Glasgow and Clyde Valley Green Network Partnership, (2016). MILTON SOCIAL HOUSING & REGENERATION PROJECT. Glasgow: AECOM, p.18. Glasgow and Clyde Valley Green Network Partnership, Glasgow Community Planning Partnership, Scottish Government Housing and Regeneration Directorate. (2010). Milton Social Housing and Regeneration Project Glasgow Canal Regeneration Partnership, (2014), ‘Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan’ Glasgow Centre for Population Health, (2008). A Community Health and Wellbeing Profile for North Glasgow. Glasgow City Council, (2007). Mining Stability Report former School for the Deaf. Glasgow. Glasgow City Council, (2016). RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT. GLASGOW’S HOUSING STRATEGY. Glasgow: GCC, pp.14- 15, 40-43. Glasgow City Council, (2009), City Plan 2Glasgow City Council, 2009, City Plan 2 – Development Guides. Glasgow City Council, (2009), ‘City Plan 2’ Glasgow City Council, (2011), Local Development Plan: Monitoring Statement. Glasgow City Council, (2013), Design Guide: New Residential Areas. Glasgow City Council, (2014), Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan Glasgow City Council, (2015), Glasgow City Development Plan Background Paper 11:
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Sustainable Transport. Glasgow City Council, (2015), Proposed City Development Plan. Glasgow City Council, (2016). Our Resilient Glasgow. Glasgow. Glasgow City Council, (2016), Planning Portal. Joint Councils of East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire (2016), ‘Proposed Strategic Development Plan 2016 Submitted for Examination’. Lexicon of Named Rock Units [XLS geospatial data], Scale 1:50000, Tiles: GB, Updated: 9 August 2011, BGS, Using: EDINA Geology Digimap Service, <http://digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-28 22:20:55.936 Map.sepa.org.uk. (2016). Flood Risk Management Maps. [online] Available at: http://map. sepa.org.uk/floodmap/map.htm [Accessed 10 Oct. 2016]. Milton and Lambhill. (1860). [Map] Milton Library & Learning Centre, Glasgow. Milton and Lambhill. (1930). [Map] Milton Library & Learning Centre, Glasgow. National Records of Scotland. (2014). Life expectancy. [online] Available at: http://www. nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/life-expectancy/lifeexpectancy-in-scottish-areas. [Accessed 19 September 2016]. North Glasgow Community Food Initiative, (2016), Vision OS MasterMap® Sites Layer [DWG geospatial data], Scale 1:1250, Tiles: GB, Updated: 30 October 2015, Ordnance Survey (GB), Using: EDINA Digimap Ordnance Survey Service, <http://digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-30 23:18:50.645 OS MasterMap® Sites Layer [SHAPE geospatial data], Scale 1:1250, Tiles: GB, Updated: 30 October 2015, Ordnance Survey (GB), Using: EDINA Digimap Ordnance Survey Service, <http://digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-21 19:53:57.823 OS MasterMap® Topography Layer [FileGeoDatabase geospatial data], Scale 1:1250, Tiles: GB, Updated: 7 January 2016, Ordnance Survey (GB), Using: EDINA Digimap Ordnance Survey Service, <http://digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-21 19:53:57.823 OS Open Map - Local [SHAPE geospatial data], Scale 1:10000, Tiles: ns, Updated: 10 March 2015, Ordnance Survey (GB), Using: EDINA Digimap Ordnance Survey Service, <http:// digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-30 23:18:50.645 OS Open Names [GML3 geospatial data], Scale 1:25000, Tiles: ns46,ns66, Updated: 15 July 2016, Ordnance Survey (GB), Using: EDINA Digimap Ordnance Survey Service, <http:// digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-21 19:53:57.823 OS Terrain 5 [DWG geospatial data], Scale 1:10000, Tiles: ns56ne,ns57se,ns66nw,ns67sw, Updated: 1 July 2016, Ordnance Survey (GB), Using: EDINA Digimap Ordnance Survey Service, <http://digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-10-01 18:05:20.231 OS VectorMap® Local [DWG geospatial data], Scale 1:10000, Tiles: ns56ne,ns57se,ns66nw,ns67sw, Updated: 1 July 2016, Ordnance Survey (GB), Using: EDINA Digimap Ordnance Survey Service, <http://digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-30 23:18:50.645 OS VectorMap™ District [SHAPE geospatial data], Scale 1:25000, Tiles: ns, Updated: 24 March 2016, Ordnance Survey (GB), Using: EDINA Digimap Ordnance Survey Service, <http://digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-30 23:18:50.645 Playle, R. and Meyerricks, S. (2016). Milton Talks - Survey Findings and Recommendations for Community Regeneration - 2016 Report. NGCFI.
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Scotland’s Greenspace Map [SHAPE geospatial data], Scale 1:2500, Tiles: GB, Updated: 26 February 2012, Ordnance Survey (GB), Using: EDINA Digimap Ordnance Survey Service, <http://digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-21 19:53:57.823. Scott Bennet Associates, (2015). Desktop Study Report. GHA. Scott Bennet Associates, (2016). Note on Mineral Conditions. GHA. Scottish Government, (2014), National Planning Framework 3. Scottish Government, (2014), Scottish Planning Policy. Scottish Government, (2014), Scottish Planning Policy. Scottish Government, Edinburgh, (2001), Designing Places. Scottish Government, Edinburgh, (2010), Designing Streets. Scottish Government, Edinburgh, (2010), SPICE Briefing: Green Belt Policy in Scotland. Scottish Government, Edinburgh, (2014), National Planning Framework 3. Scottish Wildlife Trust. (2016). Possil Marsh. [ONLINE] Available at:http://scottishwildlifetrust.org.uk/reserve/possil-marsh/. [Accessed 23 September 2016]. Soil Parent Material Model [SHAPE geospatial data], Scale 1:50000, Tiles: sc030e,sc031w, Updated: 1 June 2011, BGS, Using: EDINA Geology Digimap Service, <http://digimap.edina.ac.uk>, Downloaded: 2016-09-28 22:20:55.936 The Glasgow Indicators Project, (2012) Understanding Glasgow neighbourhood workbook. The Glasgow Indicators Project, (2012). Understanding Glasgow. The Scottish Government, (2016). Scottish Vacant and Derelict Land Survey. UDSU, University of Strathclyde, (2016). Milton, Booklet No.1. Glasgow. Urban Task Force. (2005). Towards an Urban Renaissance. London: Spon Press © OpenStreetMap contributors, (2016). OpenStreetMap. [online] OpenStreetMap. Available at: http://www.openstreetmap. org [Accessed 5 Oct. 2016].
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Fig. 1: Scottish Government, Edinburgh, 2014, National Planning Framework 3, cover, p.1. 4 Fig. 2: Joint Councils of East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire, 2016, ‘Proposed Strategic Development Plan 2016 Submitted for Examination’, cover., p.1. 4 Fig. 3: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2’, cover, p.1. 5 Fig. 4: FreePik and FlatIcon, 2016, various graphic icons. Available at: http://www.flaticon.com/ [11 Oct 2016] 6 Fig. 5: Glasgow City Council, 2015, ‘Proposed City Development Plan’, cover, p.1. 7 Fig. 6: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2’, housing and regeneration policy maps (various: p.6, p.14, p.66), reproduced by authors. 9 Fig. 7: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2, Development Planning Framework’, Local Development Strategies [online] Available at: https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=10833&p=0 [14 Oct 2016]. reproduced by authors. 10 Fig. 8: Glasgow City Council, 2014, ‘Forth and Clyde Canal Action Plan’, p.8, reproduced by authors. 10 Fig. 9: Glasgow City Council, 2013, ‘Sighthill Transformational Regeneration Area: Design and Access Statement’, p.44 [online] Available at: https://publicaccess.glasgow.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails. do?activeTab=documents&keyVal=MPM9BGEX0L800 [14 Oct 2016] 11 Fig. 10: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2’, Community Growth Areas map, p.14, reproduced by authors.11 Fig. 11: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2’, New Neighbourhoods map, p.14, reproduced by authors. 11 Fig. 12: Glasgow City Council, 2016, ‘Oatlands Regeneration’, masterplan render, p.2 [online] Available at: https:// www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=32462&p=0 [09 Oct 2016] 12 Fig. 13: Glasgow City Council, 2016, ‘Transformational Regeneration Areas’, map [online] Available at: https:// www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=17560&p=0 [14 Oct 2016]. Reproduced by authors. 12 Fig. 14: Glasgow City Council, 2015, ‘Proposed City Development Plan’, Concept Diagram for Sustainable Spatial Strategy, p.24. Reproduced by authors. 13 Fig. 15: Glasgow City Council, 2015, ‘Proposed City Development Plan’, Sustainable Spatial Strategy plan, p.34. Reproduced by authors. 13 Fig. 16: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2’, GHA Priority Restructuring Areas map, p.14, reproduced by authors. 13 Fig. 17: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2’, Transport policy maps (various: p.6, p.40, p.41, p.66), reproduced by authors. 15 Fig. 18-20: The Landscape Institute, 2013, ‘Green Infrastructure Position Statement’, p.4-5. 16 Fig. 21: Glasgow City Council, 2015, ‘Proposed City Development Plan’, Transport Policy Context plan, p.57. Reproduced by authors. 17 Fig. 22: Glasgow City Council, 2015, ‘Proposed City Development Plan’, Policy Context Diagram (economic), p.36. Reproduced by authors. 19 Fig. 23: Wiseman. C, 2016, Milton industrial estate, authors photograph 20 Fig. 24: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2, Strategic Industrial and Business Areas’, [online] Available at: https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=6879&p=0 [14 Oct 2016]. Reproduced by authors. 20 Fig. 25: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2’, Safeguarded High Amenity Sites map, p.24, reproduced by authors. 20
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Fig. 26: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2, Environmental Policy Designations: North’, [online] Available at: http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=9864&p=0 [12 Oct 2016]. Reproduced by authors. 23 Fig. 27: Glasgow Punter, unknown date, Forth and Clyde Canal, [online] Available at: http://glasgowpunter. blogspot.co.uk/2016/02/ruchill-lambhill-possilpark-cadder.html [21 Oct 2016]. 24 Fig. 28: Glasgow’s Wilds Better, unknown date, ‘Possil Marsh 6 May 2014’, [online] Available at: http:// glasgowswildsbetter.blogspot.co.uk/2014_05_01_archive.html [22 Oct 2016]. 24 Fig. 29: XPSolutions, unknown date, Upton SUDS photo, [online] Available at: http://xpsolutions.com/Resources/ suds-are-we-ready-for-flow-through-structures/ [22 Oct 2016]. 24 Fig. 30: Wiseman. C, 2016, Milton Vacant Land, authors photograph 25 Fig. 31: Wiseman. C, 2016, Milton Community Gardens, authors photograph 25 Fig. 32 : Local Equiped Playspace Catchment Areas According to CP2 Open Space policy, drawn by authors 26 Fig. 33: Glasgow City Council, 2015, ‘Proposed City Development Plan’, Water Policy Context Diagram, p.50. Reproduced by authors. 26 Fig. 34: Glasgow City Council, 2015, ‘Proposed City Development Plan’, Green Belt and Green Network Policy Context Diagram, p.45. Reproduced by authors. 27 Fig. 35: Glasgow City Council, 2015, ‘Proposed City Development Plan’, Natural Environment Policy Context Diagram, p.456. Reproduced by authors. 27 Fig. 36 :Clydeplan Forestry and Woodland Strategy Diagram, drawn by authors 29 Fig. 37: Glasgow City Council, 2009, ‘City Plan 2, Development Policy Principles: North’, [online] Available at: http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=9535&p=0 [17 Oct 2016]. Reproduced by authors. 31 Fig. 38: Glasgow City Council, 2013, ‘Design Guide; New Residential Areas’, cover, p.1. 34 Fig. 39: Scottish Government, Edinburgh, 2001, ‘Designing Places’, cover, p.1. 35 Fig. 40: Scottish Government, Edinburgh, 2010, ‘Designing Streets’, cover, p.1. 35 Fig. 41: Local Planning Initiatives and Applications Map, drawn by authors. 37 Fig. 42: LoveMilton, unknown date, ‘Proposed layout for our training centre designed by BAXENDALE Dco’, [online] Available at: http://www.lovemilton.org/about [08 Oct 2016]. 38 Fig. 43: Cooper Cromar, 2015, ‘Site Plan as Proposed’, [online] Available at: https://publicaccess.glasgow.gov. uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=documents&keyVal=NKKP8AEXW4000 [20 Oct 2016]. 38 Fig. 44 : Population Composition (%), drawn by authors 42 Fig. 45 : Male and Female life expectancy (years), drawn by authors 42 Fig. 47 : Ethnic groups (%), drawn by authors 43 Fig. 46 : Household Composition (%), drawn by authors 43 Fig. 48 : Religious Affiliation (%), drawn by authors 43 Fig. 49 : Housing in Milton looking onto vast expanses of vacant and derelict land, photos by authors 44 Fig. 50 : People living within 500 m of derelict land (%), drawn by authors 45 Fig. 51 : Household Tenure Milton (%) , drawn by authors 45 Fig. 52 : Population poverty (%), drawn by authors 46 Fig. 53 : Profesional Occupations Breakdown (%), drawn by authors 47 Fig. 54 : Population Economic Activity (%), drawn by authors 47 Fig. 55 : Health problems and disabilities (%), drawn by authors 48 Fig. 57 : Drug Offenders (Cr4), drawn by authors 49 Fig. 56 : Drug related hospital patients (Sr), drawn by authors 49 Fig. 58 : Drug related deaths in the last ten years (Cr2), drawn by authors 49 Fig. 59 : Car/Van Accessibility (%), drawn by authors 50 Fig. 60 : Car/Van availability in households (%), drawn by authors 50 Fig. 61 : Road accident casualties (Cr3), drawn by authors 51 Fig. 62 : Working age population travelling to work by public transport (%), drawn by authors 51 Fig. 63 : Land use map of Milton, drawn by authors 53 Fig. 64 : Ratio of GHA owned buildings vs owner-occupied buildings, drawn by authors 54
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Fig. 65 : Housing and Land Ownership in Glasgow, drawn by authors 55 Fig. 66 : GHS RDR Approved Affordable Housing Developments, drawn by authors 56 Fig. 67 : GHS RDR Proposed Affordable Housing Developments, drawn by authors 57 Fig. 68 : GHS RDR Proposed Private Housing Developments, drawn by authors 57 Fig. 69 : Various services and their catchment areas indicating the scale of their impact: localy, on the neighborhood, on the district, on the town, on the city at whole, Urban Task Force. 2005. Towards an Urban Renaissance. London: Spon Press, p. 31 59 Fig. 70 : Four nodes of commercial activity in Milton, drawn by authors 60 Fig. 72 : Free 15 minutes bus link bringing Milton residents to the Asda in Maryhill, drawn by authors 61 Fig. 71 : Stores and their catchment areas where groceries can be bought, drawn by authors 61 Fig. 73 : Take away restaurants in Milton at Liddesdale Square, Castlebay Street and Bus terminal, photos by authors 62 Fig. 74 : Two butchershops owned by the same family at Castlebay Street and Liddesdale Square , photos by authors 62 Fig. 75 : Milton’s ice cream truck offers a wide choice of everyday essentials , photos by authors 63 Fig. 76 : Three pharmacies located at Westray Circus, Bus terminal and Liddesdale Square, photos by authors 64 Fig. 78 : Clinics and addiction help centres and their catchment areas in and around Milton, drawn by authors 65 Fig. 77 : General practitioners and their catchment areas in and around Milton, drawn by authors 65 Fig. 79 : Nurseries and their catchment areas, drawn by authors 66 Fig. 80 : Primary Schools and their catchment areas (site of demolished school in orange), drawn by authors 67 Fig. 81 : Secondary schools and their catchment areas (site of demolished school in orange), drawn by authors 67 Fig. 82 : Scaraway Nursery School, photo by authors 68 Fig. 83 : Balmore Kindergarten, photo by authors 68 Fig. 84 : Milton Community Nursery School, photo by authors 68 Fig. 85 : Miltonbank Primary School, photo by authors 70 Fig. 86 : Chirnsyde Primary School, photo by authors 70 Fig. 87 : St Monica’s Milton Primary, photo by authors 70 Fig 88: Milton Glasgow Memories..Est 2013. (2016). St Ambrose Primary [online] Available at: https://www. facebook.com/susanking1961/photos/a.617197628331094.1073741829.585834308134093/1269523439765173/?ty pe=3&theater [14 Oct 2016]. 71 Fig 89: Upson, C. (2005). Rosevale School [online] Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rosevale_ School,_Milton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_62174.jpg [14 Oct 2016]. 71 Fig 90: Glasgow School for the death [screenshot] Available at: http://googlemaps.co.uk [14 Oct 2016]. 71 Fig 91: Milton School [screenshot] Available at: http://googlemaps.co.uk [14 Oct 2016]. 72 Fig 92: Unknown Author. (Unknown Date) St Augustine’s Secondary School [online] Available at: https:// uk.pinterest.com/marynicknamemay/st-augustines-secondary-school-milton-glasgow-scot/ [14 Oct 2016]. 72 Fig 93: Unknown Author. (Unknown Date) St Joan of Arc Special School [online] Available at: http://catholicsaints. info/historial-sketches-joan-of-arc/ [14 Oct 2016]. 72 Fig. 94 : Hair and beauty shops at the Bus Terminus and Liddesdale Square, photo by authors 74 Fig. 95 : Miscellaneous shops in and around Milton showing a lack of diversity within the boundary and Bishopbriggs as nearest hub, photo by authors 75 Fig 96: Unknown Author and De Loro, M. (Unknown Date) Unidentified Glasgow man drunk on the street and men cheering in a pub [online] Available at: https://joindiaspora.com/tags/facedown and http://www.gettyimages.ca/photos/beer---alcohol [14 Oct 2016]. 76 Fig. 97 : Pubs near Milton, there are none within the boundary, photos by authors 77 Fig. 98 : Cafés in and around Milton and their catchment areas, drawn by authors 77 Fig. 99 : Milton Library on Liddesdale Road, photo by authors 78
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Fig. 101 : Library on Liddesdale Road, photo by authors 79 Fig. 100 : Sport facilities in Milton, photo by authors 79 Fig. 102 : Milton Park’s play park and walkway, photo by authors 80 Fig. 103 : City parks and nature reserves and their catchment areas, drawn by authors 81 Fig. 104 : Four churches within the Milton boundary, photos by authors 82 Fig. 105 : Churches and their catchment areas, drawn by authors 83 Fig 106: Residents of Milton enjoying the community garden, photo by authors 84 Fig 107: Love Milton (2016). Love Milton Logo. [online] Available at: http://lovemilton.org [14 Oct 2016]. 84 Fig 108: Unknown Author. (Unknown Date) Orchard. [online] Available at: http://www.desfleursetdesetoiles.fr/ les-fleurs-et-les-saisons/fleurs-dautomne/ [14 Oct 2016]. 84 Fig. 109 : Community led developments in Milton, both existing and planned, drawn by authors 85 Fig. 110 : Open Space Strategy, drawn by authors 87 Fig. 111 : Summary of existing services compared to requirement per population size 89 Fig. 112 : Topography of Glasgow with Milton due north of the centre, at the periphery of the city, drawn by authors 91 Fig. 113 : Topography of Milton with four section lines, drawn by authors 92 Fig. 114 : Sections through Milton with south and north facing slopes highlighted, drawn by authors 93 Fig. 115 : Housing developed on steep hills with impractical front gardens and steep street scape, drawn by authors 94 Fig. 117 : Steepness of slopes, drawn by authors 95 Fig. 116 : Orientation of slope profile in Milton, drawn by authors 95 Fig. 118 : Works underway to prevent sewer flooding, photo by authors 96 Fig. 119 : Geological and current flooding patterns in Milton, drawn by authors 97 Fig. 120 : Geological study of the area, drawn by authors 99 Fig. 121 : Historical location of open quarries and mine shafts in Milton, drawn by authors 101 Fig. 122 : Vacant land, derelict land and land currently being developed in Milton, drawn by authors 103 Fig. 123 : Hierarchy of road network and location of activity nodes in Milton, drawn by authors 105 Fig. 124 : Modernist road layout with places of life removed from main axes of travel, drawn by authors 106 Fig. 125 : Traditional road and nodes layout with places of life placed along the main axes of travel, drawn by authors 106 Fig. 126 : Planner’s vision for Milton, drawn by authors 107 Fig. 127 : Today’s consequences of a weakened centre, drawn by authors 107 Fig. 128 :Proposal for strenghtening Milton’s roads and nodes, drawn by authors 107 Fig. 129 : The city as connected with an integrated transport system of all scales, drawn by authors 109 Fig. 130 : The 75 bus arriving at the bus terminal on Castlebay Street, photo by authors 110 Fig. 131 : Bus stops and train stations and their catchment areas in and around Milton , drawn by authors 111 Fig. 132 : Bus links connecting Milton to the rest of the Glasgow, drawn by authors 113 Fig. 133 : Sign post of bike friendly pathway along the canal, photo by authors 114 Fig 134: Glasgow City Council. (2015). Glasgow’s Strategic Plan for Cycling. Aspirational Core Cycling Network for Glasgow. Glasgow: Crown Copyright. p.23 115 Fig. 135 : NextBikes stations related to Glasgow’s topography, drawn by authors 117 Fig. 136 : Photos along the Forth and Clyde Canal starting from Aultbay Street and going south to Lambhill, photos by authors 118 Fig. 137 : Cities designed as networks linking residential areas to public open space and natural green corridors, Urban Task Force. 2005. Towards an Urban Renaissance. London: Spon Press, p. 58 119 Fig. 138 : Traffic work on Ashgyll Road, photo by authors 120 Fig. 139 : Speed Bumps, photo by authors 120 Fig. 140 : Traffic Flow Study in Milton, drawn by authors 121 Fig. 141 : Median Speed Study and speed bumps in Milton, drawn by authors 123 Fig. 142 : A. CastleBay Street section and instant speed study graph, drawn by authors 124 Fig. 143 : B. Scaraway Street (west) section and instant speed study graph, drawn by authors 124 Fig. 144 : C. Scaraway Street (east) section and instant speed study graph, drawn by authors 124
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Fig. 145 : D. Ashgyll Road section and instant speed study graph, drawn by authors 125 Fig. 146 : E. Torrogay Street (east) section and instant speed study graph, drawn by authors 125 Fig. 147 : F. Torrogay Street (west) section and instant speed study graph, drawn by authors 125 Fig. 148 : G. Liddesdale Road section and instant speed study graph, drawn by authors 125 Fig. 149 : H. Birsay Road section and instant speed study graph, drawn by authors 125 Fig. 150 : I. Glentanar Road section and instant speed study graph, drawn by authors 125 Fig. 151 : Serial photographs Liddesdale Road and Square to Torrogay Street to Ashgyll Road, photos by authors 127 Fig. 152 : Sectional street study traveling out of Milton, drawn by authors 128 Fig. 153 : Overtaking by the left, drawn by authors 129 Fig. 154 : Too tight a turn forces car to reverse, drawn by authors 129 Fig. 155 : Two instances of cars reversing after missing the exit, drawn by authors 129 Fig. 156 : Hildebrandt Frey’s Proposal for Milton within Glasgow, drawn by authors 130 Fig. 157 : Existing and potential town boundaries and centres in the conurbation of Glasgow, Frey, H. (1999). Designing the city. London: E & FN Spon, p.172. 131 Fig. 158 : Establishing linkages between existing and potential centres of provision in the conurbation of Glasgow, Frey, H. (1999). Designing the city. London: E & FN Spon, p.175. 131
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