Milton | Typologies | Analysis

Milton Booklet No.T

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Package

Analysis

Typologies

Prepared by Michele Saracini Urban Design Studies Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, November 2016

Booklet No.T

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Typologies

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Booklet No.10

Introduction The following analysis will focus on the typology of the houses currently present on the area of Milton.

Milton occupies a site at the far north of the Glasgow centre. In the area was undertaken an intense building activity between the late 1940’s and 1952 that resulted in the urbanization of most of the central and east side of the site. During the following years, new buildings, demolitions, an industrial development in the west and six high-rises on the north were implemented until obtaining the current configuration.

Today Milton is an overall low density neighbourhood with big holes in the urban fabric. A poor quality built environment is the materialization of common social issues that, unfortunately, characterise the area. The common landscape is the monotony of the housing and the presence of vacant or derelict areas and signs of lack of bonds with the public space.

Authors Michele Saracini

Ingegneria Edile-Architettura (Building Engineering and Architecture), UniversitĂĄ Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy

Typologies

Contents Introduction

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First chapter -Method Method-1

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Method-2

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Street hierarchy & Density

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Milton transect

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Second chapter-Analysis Building Types map

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Charts

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Third chapter-Conclusions Relevant findings

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Conclusions

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References

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Booklet No.T

Method - 1 The analysis is an interpretation of the existing local standards using the Local Urban Code, as has been coded by the Urban Design Studies Unit (UDSU), Univerty of Strathclyde.

The Local Urban Code (LUC) is basically a reference guide for the urban form; a tool that details technical information about a diverse range of building types and forms, appropriately classified by street type and density. Plot height, plot size and shape, street edge size and shape are built characteristics that typically change between areas of different densities and along different types of streets.

The LUC is a Form-Based Code (FBC), that is a method of regulating and coding development to achieve a specific urban form. It creates a predictable public realm by controlling physical form, with a loose focus on land use.

A FBC can take many forms, tailored for local specific characters.

In all cases the FBC depends on the use of a typology, it is a catalogue of types to rationalized and make predictable built form and its effect on public space.

For the FBC the definition of a building type is driven primarily by the physical form of a building and secondarily by its use or function.

The integration of building type regulations is an important evolution within the practice of the FBCs because it established building types as the basis for entitlements and regulation as opposed to the conventional regulations of the floor-area ratio and density.

Preliminary work for the actual analysis is the identification of two main characteristics of the area: • The street hierarchy • The existing Transect that shows variations in the density Once known these, it has been filled out a chart for each building type considering the following parameters:

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Typologies

Comparative coding

Unit

Definition

Plot area

m2

Area of the plot

Street front length

m

Linear extension of the street front. If the front includes crossing with streets orthogonal to the reference street, the width of the crossing should not be taken into account.

Average building height

n.

Number of storeys

Depth of the plot

m

Linear extension of the width of the plot

Residential area (G.F.)

m2

Residential area at ground floor

Private building area (G.F.)

m2

Private non-residential area at ground floor

Public building area (G.F.)

m2

Public non-residential area at ground floor

Covered area

m2

Private building areas + Public building areas + Residential areas

Mixité index

n.

The mixite index can be measured for the main three uses(Private areas+Public areas+Residential areas) applying the diversity index: N

D = 1 − ∑ pi

2

p =i

Where: P= proportion of the area occupied by the considered function (for each of the three uses mentioned above) to the total covered area (i.e. the sum of the areas of the three destination of use, N= number of categories (i.e. the three uses).

The higher D, the greater the mix of functions in the area. D will instead be equal to zero when only one of the three uses is present on the plot.

Total floor area of the plot

m2

The covered area of each building in the plot by its number of storeys (basement to be counted only when inhabitable)

Percentage of covered area

%

Percentage of the covered area, on the total area of the plot

Non-residential activities front

m

Linear extension of the non-residential active front

Active front ratio

m/m

Linear extension of the non-residential active front, on the total extension of the street front

Open space

m2

Area of the non-built surface of the plot

Open space ratio

m2/ m2

Area of the non-built surface of the plot, on the total area of the plot

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Booklet No.10

Method - 2 In this method, the understanding of the building types follows the identification of the following features: • Number of storeys • Number of units per storeys • Number of units per building • Internal distribution • Common staircase • Relationship with the public realm Having this data, we can easily classify buildings considering these characteristics: • Number of dwellings per plot • Position of the building with respect to the nearby buildings • Number of units accessible at each floor from the same common staircase • Main building access (in a row or in court) The following picture shows the legend that we are using for the analysis.

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Typologies

Residential Buildings Single family, isolated

Single family, in a row or court

Twin family, in a row or court

Multi family - Simple

Multi family - Double

Multi family - Multiple

Specialist Buildings Commerce

Public facilities

Mixed use

Other specific use 9

Booklet No.T

Street hierarchy For the analysis, we identify three levels of street: • Urban main street • Local main street • Local street The map on that on the next page (Fig.1) shows the streets in the studied area.

Balmore Road is an Urban Main Street that runs from the city centre to the countryside.

Ashgill Road links Bishopbriggs with Balmore Road and serves the houses alongside as well as it is the main access to Milton.

All the streets inside the Milton boundary can be considered as local streets, because they do not have other purpose than serve the movement inside the neighbourhood.

Density In the picture on the following pages (Fig. 4-5) shown two sections through Milton that, compared with the classic Transect (Fig. 2), point out how the settlement is rather flat.

In fact, the density of the area is quite low: Milton has a population of about 6650 (Milton Talks,2016), and covers an area of 148 ha, 22 of which are occupied by the industrial estate. These give us a density of 53 persons per ha.

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Typologies

Urban main street

Local main street

Local street Fig. 1

Fig. 2

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Booklet No.T

Milton Transect

Analysis In the following pages are shown the results of the analysis. A general map shows the distribution of the typologies and the charts dispaly how each type is defined. .

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Typologies

Section B-B’ Fig. 4

Section A-A’ Fig. 5

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Booklet No.T

Building Type Map

Typologies 1:5000

Fig. 6

Booklet No.T

Charts 1-Terraced houses on Local Street

Semi-detached Houses on local street Single-family, Aggregate, Simple, In a row COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 702,00 Street front length m 14,00 Average building height n 2,00 Depth of the plot m 35,00 Residential area (G.F.) m2 99,00 Private building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Public building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

99,00 0,00 198,00 14,10 0,00 0,00 603,00 0,86

Fig. 7

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Typologies

2-Twin-family houses on Local Street

Multi family Houses on local street Twin-family, Aggregate, Simple, In a row COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 1003,00 Street front length m 24,00 Average building height n 2,00 Depth of the plot m 32,00 Residential area (G.F.) m2 190,00 Private building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Public building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

190,00 0,00 380,00 18,94 0,00 0,00 813,00 0,81

Fig. 8

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Booklet No.T

3-Flat building on Local Street Flat building on local street Multi-family, Aggregate, Multiple, In a row COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 1917,00 Street front length m 58,00 Average building height n 4,00 Depth of the plot m 31,00 Residential area (G.F.) m2 554,00 Private building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Public building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

554,00 0,00 2216,00 28,90 34,50 0,00 1363,00 0,71

Fig. 9

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Typologies

4-One flat per storey building on Local Street Flat building on Liddesdale Road Multi-family, Isolate, Simple, In a row COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 Street front length m Average building height n Depth of the plot m Residential area (G.F.) m2 Private building area (G.F.) m2 Public building area (G.F.) m2

367,00 10,00 3,00 21,00 102,00 0,00 0,00

Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

102,00 0,00 306,00 27,79 0,00 0,00 265,00 0,72

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

Fig. 10

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Booklet No.T

5-Mixed-use building on Local Street

Fig. 10

Multi-function on local street Multi-family, Isolate, Multiple, In a row COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 Street front length m Average building height n Depth of the plot m Residential area (G.F.) m2 Private building area (G.F.) m2 Public building area (G.F.) m2

1260,00 34,50 2,00 34,00 0,00 336,00 224,00

Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

560,00 0,48 1120,00 44,44 34,50 1,00 700,00 0,56

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

Fig. 11

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Typologies

6-Multi-storey on Urban Main Street Multi-storey building on Balmore Rd(UM) Multi-family, Aggregate, Multiple, In a row COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 1998,00 Street front length m 50,00 Average building height n 3,00 Depth of the plot m 36,00 Residential area (G.F.) m2 458,00 Private building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Public building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

458,00 0,00 1374,00 22,92 0,00 0,00 1540,00 0,77

Fig. 12

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Booklet No.T

7-Two-storey building on Local Main Street Two-storey building on Ashgill Rd(LM) Multi-family, Aggregate, Multiple, In a row COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 1934,00 Street front length m 52,00 Average building height n 2,00 Depth of the plot m 31,00 Residential area (G.F.) m2 444,00 Private building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Public building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

444,00 0,00 888,00 22,96 0,00 0,00 1490,00 0,77

Fig. 13

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Typologies

8-Multi-storey Building on Local Street Multi-storey Building on Torogay St.(L) Multi-family, Aggregate, Multiple, In a row COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 1871,00 Street front length m 55,50 Average building height n 3,00 Depth of the plot m 29,00 Residential area (G.F.) m2 482,00 Private building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Public building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

482,00 0,00 1446,00 25,76 0,00 0,00 1389,00 0,74

Fig.14

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Booklet No.T

9-Tower block on Local Street

High-rises on local street Multi-family, Isolate, Multiple, In court COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 Street front length m Average building height n Depth of the plot m Residential area (G.F.) m2 Private building area (G.F.) m2 Public building area (G.F.) m2

1468,00 22,00 17,00 45,00 476,00 0,00 0,00

Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

476,00 0,00 8092,00 32,43 0,00 0,00 992,00 0,68

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

Fig. 15

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Typologies

10-Isolated building on Local Street

Isolated building on Shieldaig St.(L) Multi-family, Isolated, Double, In court COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 Street front length m Average building height n Depth of the plot m Residential area (G.F.) m2 Private building area (G.F.) m2 Public building area (G.F.) m2

631,00 16,50 2,00 17,00 136,00 0,00 0,00

Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

136,00 0,00 272,00 21,55 34,50 0,00 495,00 0,78

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

Fig. 16

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Booklet No.T

11-Two-storey building on Local Street Two-storey building on Liddesdale Terrace Twin-family, Aggregated, Double, In a row COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 1.496,00 Street front length m 65,00 Average building height n 2,00 Depth of the plot m 22,00 Residential area (G.F.) m2 520,00 Private building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Public building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

520,00 0,00 1.040,00 34,76 0,00 0,00 976 0,65

Fig. 17

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Typologies

12-Detached houses on Local Street Detached building on Liddesdale Road Single-family, Isolate, Simple, In a row COMPARATIVE CODING UNITS Plot Area m2 768,00 Street front length m 12,80 Average building height n 2,00 Depth of the plot m 32,00 Residential area (G.F.) m2 128,00 Private building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Public building area (G.F.) m2 0,00 Covered area MixitĂŠ index Total floor area of the plot Percentage of covered area Non-residential activities front Active front ratio Open space Open space ratio

m2 n m2 % m m/m m2 m2/m2

128,00 0,00 256,00 16,67 0,00 0,00 640 0,83

Fig. 18

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Booklet No.T

Relevant findings Terraced houses is the most common building type in Milton. All the building inside this typology area very similar in term of dimension an architecture form.

Among the normal terraced houses, there is a typology with two units overlapping with independent entrance (chart 2).

These typologies are present along the local streets and along more important streets.

Several two-unit per floor are present in the neighbourhood, both along local street and urban main street and local main street.

The tower buildings on the north are an inappropriate landmark because they are not related to a particular meaning or important context.

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Typologies

Fig. 19

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Booklet No.T

Conclusions Milton does not have any hierarchy neither in term of streets nor in term of different areas.

The urban tissue of Milton is characterised by a repetition of few building types without regarding to the importance of the streets. In fact, the typologies seem to be randomly spread on the area.

The urban landscape is uniform and disorienting, with big blocks, no social clusters and even inappropriate landmark.

In such environment, the relation with the public realm is very weak, and the typologies on the area do not help to improve this condition. In fact, there is no street front along the streets and all the buildings have setbacks.

Milton is a neighbourhood that needs to be rethought, starting with the hierarchy of the street to give a proper structure. Dimension of the blocks should be reduced and new typologies should be introduced. In this way would be possible increase the density and create a new image for Milton.

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Typologies

References Urban Design Studies Unit. University of Strathclyde. 2014. Local Urban Code. University of Strathclyde.Glasgow Scorretti, Ghislieri, 2014. Form’Based Code. An anridote to zoningand spread.

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