7. Alternative options on housing

INtroductIoN

There are proposed sanitation units in Walukuba East and West markets. Both are small scale residential markets organized by a market committee and chairman. Vendors pay a monthly fee for night time security and municipal fees for solid waste collection, market cleaning and taxes. Both have private water taps, a solid waste skip and nearby sewerage lines.

exIstINg toIlets

There is an existing, but poorly maintained pit latrine at Walukuba East Market, but the original toilet at Walukuba West is no longer functional. Both markets have been earmarked for large-scale market upgrading and vendors requested waterborne toilets and bathrooms. Vendors in both markets also complained of poor drainage, broken security lights and high market fees. Still, both market communities expressed willingness to pay a small fee for clean, functional toilets and showers.

LoCATIoN AND oWNErSHIP

JMC has sold off land in both estates in recent years. All land inside the market in Walukuba East is publically owned, but only a small strip of land surrounding the West market is public land. in East, vendors have proposed to use the existing toilet site and in West vendors and the local savings’ group have agreed on a site between the market and a neighbouring garden, where a sanitation unit can serve both the market community and guests using the garden.

uNIt sIze

200 people (toilets) and 20 people (showers) Four toilets (one handicapped), two showers, 1 urinal replaces 1 toilet for waterborne options

dIscussIoNs

All options have similar construction costs, with small differences due to plumbing and superstructure dimensions. The real difference is in running costs, where water and sewerage fees are significantly larger than desludging biogas or composting toilets. The lower water usage of pour flush toilets reduces costs compared to waterborne. Composting and biogas toilets have the added benefits of compost and electricity (biogas). See Appendix B for numerical cost estimates.

AddItIoNs 1-Greywater reuse

Running costs of waterborne toilets can be reduced by as much as 40 percent by reusing the shower greywater in the toilets. Greywater can be collected manually (pour flush) or diverted through plumbing.

2-rainwater harvesting

Because the catchment area is small only a limited volume of water can be collected. However, a small rainwater tank could be used for free hand washing and toilet cleaning. A 1,500L brick tank and system costs about 350,000 shillings and could save up to 61,000 shillings per year.

WATER TAP

ORGANIC WASTE

SOLID WASTE

TOILET

PROPOSED

SUGGESTED SITE

SEWERAGE LINE

[Walukuba West]

INtroductIoN

Kimaka market is a large agricultural and vending market, divided into a lower agricultural market and an upper vending kiosk market. There are private water vendors and solid waste collection, but vendors complained of no shaded meeting place or storage.

exIstINg sANItAtIoN

There are two existing toilets in the market, but the pit latrine in the lower level has limited capacity and the septic tank toilet in the upper level is too small. They are both in limited operation today, but vendors want more functional, waterborne toilets and showers.

LoCATIoN AND oWNErSHIP

Despite initial disagreement with the army, public land ownership has been secured in the location of the existing toilets. Vendors are satisfied with the location of the lower level toilet, but uneasy that the upper toilet is so close to the kiosks. We suggest that the lower toilets are expanded and the upper toilets converted into showers.

uNIt sIze

300 people (toilets) and 30 people (showers) 6 stances: 3 ladies (one handicapped), 2 gents, 1 urinal

Cost (UGS) Initial

10-year 2-pit 7.9 to 9.5 mill 7.9 to 9.5 mill PF sewerage 8.4 to 9.5 mill 46 to 47.4 mill PF septic 9.6 to 10.6 mill 31 to 32 mill WB sewage 10 to 11 mill 105 to 106 mil WB septic 11 to 13 mill 62 to 62.9 mill PF biogas 13 to 14 mill 32 to 33 mill [Construction costs permanent superstructure]83

dIscussIoNs

The initial costs are for toilet units without showers. Showers add between 1 and 2.2 million UGS.

AddItIoNs 1 Greywater re-use

if showers are connected in the same unit, greywater reuse of shower water in the toilets can reduce running costs by 25 to 40 percent.

2 Storage & community space

A simple metal roof extension off the side of the building enclosed by a folding fence could co-function as a meeting space in day and storage space at night and increase rainwater collection potential. Storage roof costs about 1.5 million UGS.

3 rainwater harvesting

A rainwater harvesting system can collect between 2500 and 8000 L of water a month, saving 150,000 UGS per year (2 to 6 percent reduction in running costs). This water can be used for free handwashing or toilets.

4 Shower renovations

The upper toilets can be renovated into showers for about 660,000 UGS per two units (new doors, latches, locks, paint, cement).

TOiLET

PROPOSED

SEWERAGE LiNE

WATER TAP

SUGGESTED SiT

ORGANiC WASTE