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=1=
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=2=
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=5=
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`BSy: (2) VoµWh]hGwo]IyXnh`WYySIy:< VoµWh]h\EyOFyax:`eSáUEyt XIy]wÓAwo:AsYyYvoêAIy]SIy:< @eX:BsSy: ]Iy Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:= eShAyBv]XwoEy:¹nEyt ]ÊhOZh:Awo]wËnwZSy `eZ:îAx: e]heX:BsSy:áUFyTi]Iy< Xnh:YsEy:e]h]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Xn eËnhEyêAay¹woEyZSy XwXw Awo:AsYye]hWh]hOZh:Awo AkYyAkYyáT¸yáT¸y e[t[hZeTXIy< [sSyBute]h `BkwSy> e[h¹woEyEvËnw VoµWh]hAwo:AsYy]pXkh:]Iy XkAyASy:TXhAwo:AsYyButêA e]heêAhEyt áTSy[IyæTáTEyOIytXOyeT:ZSy; FFyXnSye]hYvoêAIy]pXkh:áUFy[heF ZSy íAw:TXy:ZXIy< e`hAyTi`BkAyXkh:Awo e[t[hêAIytêATiFwÓ< VoµWh]h= ]XowEy:`Akay:< VoµWh]h]Iy AÉheTjËnw Wh]hîAx:Xkh:Xn OFyBoáUFy]Iy< Ye¸ AÉh eTjOsEy VoµWh]h\Ey ax:eZXnh 245,000,000 B¸yËnwTi]Iy< Wh]h\Ey`Xkh:Fo Xnh `hËnOwoAyËnw¹woEyEXv kh:åUFye]h áXSyXh; e[h; PwoEy:; OwVAy; OÌoOy; VxYAyShXy; Awo:Zx:Yh:¹nECyt kTSy ¹woEyEvXkh:áUFy]Iy< VoµWh]hOZh:Awo OwAkFsh]wËnwUwÓZSy Voµ= `eêAhEy:Awo e[t[hZeTXIy< VoµWh]hOZh:]Iy BZFyeOhyXeTjXnx WxFx 500 B¸yOsEy `w»wY¹woEyEvXn FOEyeTjeTiAy[hBut]Iy< @Wh]hOZh:Awo FOEyOIyePhEy]pXnh WoZEy ]oeµiQS (Southothana) ¹nEyt XwUoZh: ]xZwX^hXhYh (Sirimahamaya) OwÓ= ]h: ]wµ² eCiOX (Siddhartha Guatama) Gwo]p ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax: áUFyBtuTi]Iy< ]p]Iy WoZh:HhOwËnw]pX^oOy; e[hAAwoAYyOEyZSy eAhEy:AEyXnðAGEy:[h e]hWoZh:=]h:[Iy: X^oOyeT< eAhEy:AEyPAyXn @e[hA]wÓ GEy:ðA[h ? `áTFyPuAkeZhAyeSe]h[p]h:Xkh:AowAYyOEyZSy XIy]Iyt`Xw¸y`hNhXn XZËnwButeT< ]p]Iy ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax:]háUFyButTi]Iy< ]p]Iy e[hAFIy:FwXy ¹nEytGwoEye]hWoZEy=]h:`ZhAwoF¸s ?y ]ÊhOZh:AwoËnheUsBute]heêAhEyt ]¨h OZh:e[:Ti:AwoeOúËnweUhyPoOyBut]páUFy]Iy< Voµ ^pe]h`XIyXnh `áBh:]pXkh: A Bkx:áXEytBtue]hWúuShXOFyBo]háUFy]Iy< PwoFAh:[vo:=`RwÄiYyXnh ‚[Ey:eF ]p‛ ^p? áUFyTi]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt Voµ ^pe]h `XIyXnh ]p=Xp[ShXIy `ZEy: X^oOyeT< ]wµ² eCiOX ]Iy WoZEyXEy: ]oeµiQS eCiOX ¹nEyt SSy:FvXwUoZh: ]xZwX^h = 10 =
XhYh OwÓ=]h:eOhyáUFyBut]Iy< WxFx 563 OsEy `w»wY¹owEyEveOhEyTwoEy: GhBZh (Sakra) áTIySYy; ATw[\Oy (kabinhlaphath) eQ]Awo `oTyBßTyBut]Iy< Wwo:eW: Xkh:A `hZYSy (Aryan) Xkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]Ay[hAh; CkhXSy[pXßw:Xkh:[Iy: Pow Xßw:¹sYyXnGEy:]AyBtueêAhEy:]wËnwZ]Iy< eCiOXVoµ]Iy Bo¹nFyXkh:`h:XnIyteBj]Iyt eBs:¹nFy; AGoSy[áTIyt; 15 ZAy e¸OsEy eXs:Ush:ButTi]Iy< eXs:Ush:áBEy:Bve]he¸OsEy; ‘]hXSy[p]h:W\`áUFy `]AyËnEy[øEy WoZEyOFyTi:áUFy[wXytXIy; ]¸yËnEy:e]h[Xy:Aow [owAye[øhAyBtu[øEy `[Ey:eT:]p áUFy[wXytXIy’ ^o TeZhUAyæTButêA]Iy< Pwoe¸XnhTEy ^wX\ºh eOhEyAoSy:Xn GEy:[he]h Ah_eQ\x[ (Kanthevala/Kanthevin) ^oeBje]h Ze]tA eCiOXe[:Awo [h?ASyeOhtBut]Iy< Pwo]pA ‚@Ae[:]Iy ]¸yËnEy: e]h[Xy:Awo [woAye[øhAy[wXytXIy‛ ^oTeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< PwoTeZhUAyæTBkAy ]Iy eCiOX= `]AyOh> `XnSyOAYyTEy áTIytFvoBut]Iy< eCiOX]Iy WoZEyt]h:eOhye[:áUFy]Iyt`OwoEy: Ae[:W\Xn eOs:eBj TIh; ]wÄvTIh; FFySIy:Và^hXkh:¹nEyt FxXvB¸yBuseZ:TIhXkh:Awo e[t[hGIy:Tp: But]Iy< BXIy:eOhyA ]¸yËnEy:e]h]páUFyZSy X[wo[h:e]heêAhEyt SIy:eTiEy:Fvo áUEyt eTkhyËòEye`hEy`[ow[owAyBut]Iy< aOo]vo:Ti:`OsAy eËòSSy:eGhEy]ov:eGhEyAow eGhAyeT:Btu]Iy< PwÓáTEy [nTe]h`\Oy`Fh:Xkh:; `Z]hBkwlåXwSye]h `Fh: `FhXkh:¹nEyt `eFBvXkh:Awo[Iy:eT:But]Iy< eCiOX`h:; `]Ay 16 ¹nFy`ËsYyOsEy BXIyy:eOhyA eQ\Q^ (Thevathaha) áTIyXn XEy:]Xx:e[: Ye]hyRZhVwÈh (Yasothala/Phimpha) ¹nEyt [Ay PTyeT:But]Iy< `h^sSy (Arhon) ^pe]h ]h:eOhyOFyTi:PsSy:Ah:But]Iy< Pwo ]wÓe]hW\> 13 ¹nFyêAheSPwoEyBut]Iy< eCiOX]Iy Pow 13 ¹nFy `eOh`OsEy: SSy:eOhyXne[:îAwXyPsAyBut]Iy< OFyîAwXyFxOsEy XOpIxe]h`áUFy`TkAy OFyBoFx eOúBut]Iy< TPX`îAwXyOsEy `Wwo:`woOFyax:¹nEeyt OúBut]Iy< QoOwY`îAwXO y sEy e][oSx:Ti: eZhCiBvFh:eSe]h]p¹nEyteOúBut]Iy< OOwY`îAwXyOsEy `e[hEy: ]YyeGhEy[he]h]p¹nEyteOúBut]Iy< FOo²`êAwXy>Xp ]¸yËnEy:?e[:Fh:PwoAy e]h To¥wl[yOFyax:¹nEyteOú? áXEytáXOye]h]p^o ]p=FwOy>BvFh:But]Iy< PwoTo¥wl[y `eêAhEy:Awo e]Bkhe[t[h]Iyt`Bi Pwo]p]Iy ]ÊhOZh:¹nEyt eTkhyËòEyáBEy:Awo ËnheUsáBEy:Enh e[hAQo£e\QShXkh:AwoeAkhy[sSyåTx: e[hA`ZhXkh:¹nEyt XwXwAwoYy Awo áUOyeOhAyBut]páUFyeêAhEy: ]wËnwBut]Iy< eCiOX]Iy TPX]vo:îAwXy> eOúËnwBute]h`áUFy`TkAyXkh:Xn [ÔW\Aow e[:e[:SAySAy Fay:Fh:But]Iy< [p]h:Xkh:=e\QShXkh:Aow eOúËnwBvFh:But]Iy< eXøhy[EytáBEy:TkAy]oSy:eSe]h [p]h:Xkh:=W\AwoeOs:ZEy: \Xy:SIy:But]Iy< [p = 11 =
]h:Xkh:=W\]Iy eXs:Ush:áBEy:; îAx:Psh:áBEy:; e\QShBvFh:áBEy:; e]áBEy:¹nEyt áTSy [IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:Pu>]h ]v]Zh[IyeS]Iy^o YovêAIyBtu]Iy< @]wÓ [IyTOy eSe]h]v]ZhXn `WYy]pXøX[sOyeáXhAy¹woEy^oBvFh:Ah [ÔW\=`áUFyGwo:Xkh: eêAhEyt ZOAyXe`:BvFh:ButZ]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt eCiOX]Iy @]v]ZhXn `A÷Oy OZh:Awo ËnheUsZSy G»áTEy:áTBut]Iy< FOo²`îAwXy> eOúáXEyBute]h`áUFy`TkAyeêAhEyt e[hA`ZhXkh:Awo Fs¸y [sOy? ]¸yËnEy:e]h]p AkEytêAvBut]Iyt`OwoEy: åEwXy:e`:BkXy:]háBEy:Awo ËnheUs? e[hA`ZhXkh:Aow e`hEyáXEye]h]páUFye`hEy íAw:Fh:ZSyGvo:áUOyBut]Iy< PwÓ eêAhEyt eCiOX]Iy SSy:eOhy; XwUoZh:¹nEyt ]h:eOhyOwÓAwo Fs¸y? XwXwFwOy> BvFh:eS e]háTcShXkh:=`eáU (]ÊhOZh:) Awo ËnheUsBut]Iy< eáBhAy¹nFyB¸y ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUsZEy:AoSy[sSyeFBut]Iy< ]peOúGvoBute]h áXEytáXOye]h]p¹nEyt`OpËnheUse]hy[Iy: XIy]Iyt`eáUAwoXøXeOúËnwButeT< eShAy Gvo:OsEy eCiOXAwoYyOwoEyATEy ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:Aow ËnheUseOúËnwBut]Iy< PwoOZh: `h:áUEyt Voµ (`[Ey:eT:]p) ^o PEyËnh:[hBut]Iy< 1< ]¨hOZh:(4)Ti:<1 A) AÉheTjËnw ]³\iXkh:`h:[vo:]IyXOIyáXuáBEy:; TkAyFx:áBEy:OwÓáUEyt W\OsEy XeTkhyËòEyZWu \Xy:SIy:FZhXkh:]h eOúïAveSêAZ]Iy< (Qo£]¨h/GEy:ZuáBEy:`XnSy) B) \Xy:SIy:áBEy:]Iy XeAhEy:e]h`ZhAwo OTyXAye]heêAhEyt áUFy]Iy< OTyXAyáBEy:A [ÔFwOyAwoXOIyáXue]h`Zh`áUFy]wÓ eZhAyËenw F]Iy< (]XoQY]¨h) C) TpeGs:\Xy:SIy:áBEy:]Iy [wo`EyG»FwOyAwo eáUeUkhAyáBEy:áUEyt Ao]¹woEy ]Iy< (SweZhR]¨h) D) [woBkEyOTyXAyOOye]h e[hWFwOyAwo e`hAyTi`BkAy ËnFyBkAyáUEyt eáUeUkhAy¹woEy]Iy< (X¥]¨h) 1< XnSFy sh áXEyáBEy:< 2< XnSyFsh eOs:eBjáBEy:< 3< XnSFy sh eáTháBEy:< 4< XnSyFsh æT[oTyáBEy:< 5< XnSyFsh `]AyeXs:áBEy:; 1
Comparison of Religion by Sathian Pahthalangsy, Eng. Trans. by John Kouthapanya.
= 12 =
6< XnSyFsh `h:PoOyáBEy:; 7< XnSyFsh ]OwZáBEy:; 8< XnSyFsh Fp:FowAyOIyêAIyáBEy:< 2< AkEyt\OyOZh:Xkh:Aow ]sSy]EyáBEy:< VoµWh]hOZh:= `RwA`BkAyXnh AkEyt\OyOZh:Xkh:Awo ]sSy]EyáBEy:áUFy]Iy< A) eYWoYk FIy:AXy:Xkh:< 1< XeAhEy:XrAwo eËnhEyêAayTi< 2< eAhEy:e]h `[oTy[oTyTi< 3< FwOy¹n[vo:]¸yËnEy:Ti< B) TIhOZh:= ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:< 1< TIhOZh:Awo ËnheUsáBEy:]Iy XsSyáXOye]h`ZhAwo ZnheUsáBEy: áUFy]Iy< 2< `OsEy:FwOy¹n[ov:PwSy:BßTyZSy ]sSy]EyáBEy:< 3< eOs:eOhêAvGOOye]h fNyTIhËnwZSy ]sSy]EyáBEy:< @OOwY]sSy]EyBkAy]Iy \wXo³w (veemudti) eBj [sOyeáXhAyáBEy:]Ów TÓweGhEy]Iy< gEy:]Iy GEy:ZuáBEy:¹nEyt [owBkEyOTyXAyXrXn [sOyeáXhAyáBEy: áUFyåTx:; Voµ]sSy]EyBkAy= `RwA`BkAy[Iy: áUFy]Iy< C) eAhEy:áXOye]hAkEyt\Oy< 1< ]pOFyTi:`h: eT:AXy:Ti< 2< Bkwl]hFsh eáThGwoGAyGvTi< 3< `BkEy:BkEy: XFApIxTi< 4< ]pOFyTi:`h: Ìowe]FshGAyGvTi< D) eAhEy:áXOye]hFwOyPh:< 1< êAXy:OXy:Fsh XæTWu ]pOFyTi:`h: êAEyShTi; eX³hPh:Ti< 2< Qo£áTcShXeZhAyeFWu êAEyShe]hFwOyáUEyt ]pOFyTi:Aow ApIxTi< 3< WAy[woAyáBEy:XæTWu `h:[vo:Awo OSy:OpZIyOpGAyGvTi< = 13 =
@`BSy:Xn ]EyBSy:FhYp]Eyte]h `RwA`BkAyXkh:< ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:< ]XwoEy:eUhyáTBkAy`Z; `PAyOsEyeUhyáTPh:e]h ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:Xnh ]wµ²eCiOX AkEyteGhEyBute]hOZh:Xkh:áUFy]Iy< PowOZh:Xkh:Xnh VoµWh]h XFOEyXnxAOIy:A OIyËnwBute]hOZh:Xkh:áUFyAh; eCiOX[Iy:eOúËnwBtuáBEy:áUFy ]Iy< @]ÊhOZh:Awo BZFyYhSyRÊe^hEy:AkXy:OsEy eOúZeT]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt @]XowEy:`Z; eCiOX]Iy OIyËnwåTx:e]h ]ÊhOZh:Xkh:Aow ]pAowYyOowEy ËnheUs Ah AkEytêAvBtuáBEy:áUFy]Iy< Xcu 7:7; 8 > ‚eOhEy:êAe[ht< eOhEy:[øEyZXIy< ËnhêAe[ht< Ënh[øEyeOúXIy< OvBi:Awo eBiAyêAe[ht< eBiAy[øEyUsEytXIy< eOhEy: e]h]pXIy]IyAh:Z=< Ënhe]h]p[Iy:eOú=< eBiAye]h]p`h:[Iy: OvBi: AwoUsEyt=‛ ^oGwoPh:Ti]Iy< [woAye[øhAyZXIyt OZh:ËnFyTi: (X¥EyËnFyTi:)< @OZh:ËnFyTi:]Iy GEy:ZuQo£Awo eáTåEwXy:eFe]hOZh:X^oOyeT< GEy:Zu Qo£Awo `Gvo:]OyeFe]hOZh:[Iy: X^oOyeT< ]wÓe]hy XnSyFsháXEyáBEy: Xn F? eShAyGov:TIOyáUFy]Iyt XnSyFshFp:FowAyOIyêAIyáBEy: ËnwAh; @OZh:ËnFyTi: `h:[vo:Awo áTIytFvoe`hEy[woAye[øhAyZSyáUFy]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh= ]sSy]EyBkAyOsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy [Xy:BZx:áUFyeêAhEy: Awo ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6 OsEyeUhyáTPh::]Iy< BZFyeOhy`h: YvoêAIyAwo:Fh:e]h ]pOwoEy:]Iy ‚Ph\ZEZuXn AYyOEyáBEy:BvZXIy‛ (eYh^Sy 5:24; VkhQwOy 20:15)< ‚XOZh:e]h]pOwÓ=OwoAyOsSy:áBEy:]wÓX[woAy; [pGwo:OwÓ=[Xy:OsEyXZTy XeS; XPxXutáXEyæTe]h]pOwÓ= `FIy:e\:>XPwoEy; Ph\ZWoZh:=OZh:eOhy> eXúe[khy? OZh:eOhyAwo e¸; IXTkAyGEyáBEye`hAyeXte]h]p]Iy XCz[hËnw =<‛ (Gh[v 1:1-3)< ‚`ZhZh> e`hEyáXEy[XytXIy< BkXy:]hðAYy\? îAx:Tsh: áBEy:]wÓeZhAy[wXytXIy‛ (eYhÌr 1:1-5) ^p? eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< eCiOX]Iy ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:= ]sSy]EyXreêAhEyt ]wµ² eCiOX ^p e]h`XIyXn ‚Voµ” ^pe]h`XIyAowZBtu]Iy< `RwÄiYyXnh ‚]weFe]h]p; ¹wo:P eF]p; ðAYy\]p; XwXwAwoYyAwo Owo:OAye`hEy[oTyeGhEy]p‛ áUFy]Iy< [p`Xkh:A YvoêAIyêA]Iyt`OwoEy: FFyXnSye]hWoZh:]Ów eáThEy:[ueFBtuáBEy:X^oOey T< Pwo ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:Awo eUhyPoOyBut]páUFye]heêAhEyt; [p`Xkh:A; XwXwAwoYyAwo ]wËnw Sh:[Iy]p; eAhEy:áXOye]h[Xy:Xn[h]p; [ÔW\`eêAhEy:eáTh¹woEy]p; TIhËnEy îAx:^o eBjButêAáBEy:áUFy]Iy< = 14 =
]Ey]w]Eyte]h]ÊhOZh: 1< ]wµ² eCiOX ]Iy WoZh:X^oOye]heêAhEyt WoZh:áUFyeêAhEy: eUhy áTZSy ]p>AwoYyTwoEyShX XËnweT< ]p]Iy ]Ey¹nEyt A÷¹yoTyAut]wÓ ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUs e]h]pOFyax:]h[øEyáUFyBtu]Iy< ]wÓe]hy ]p=`]AyOh> `áBh:]pXkh: PAy ]ÊhOZh:AwoíAw:Fh:ËnheUsBut]páUFy]Iy< WoZEyt]h:áUFye]heêAhEyt XEy:]h:e[: ^o eBjBt] u Iy< WoZh:áUFyeêAhEy:eUhyáTPh:áBEy:XËnweT< gEy:Awo Sh:X[Iye]h]p Xkh:A WoZh:`áUFy YvoêAIyAwo:AsYyButêAáBEy: áUFy]Iy< 2< `Xkh:A BvYp]Iyt`OwoEy: VoµWh]hOZh:]Iy e[h¹woEyEv= Wh]h OZh:X^oOyeT< [sSyBute]h¹nFyXkh:FshA `w»wY¹woEyEvXn `hËnOFyBsEy]wÓ Ttkv¹Òv[h e]h Wh]hOZh:OFyBo]háUFy]Iy< @Wh]hOZh:OsEy ^w»mWh]hOZh:= ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:¹nEyt eZhe¹nheS]áUEyt Wh]h\EyXkh:A XIy]IytOZh:A Voµ Wh]hOZh:; ^w»mWh]hOZh:áUFy]IyAowTEy Xe\BsuOOyêAeT< WoZEyXEy:îAx: UhEovXy (Fa Ngum) A VoµWh]hOZh:Awo ¹woEyEveOhyWh]h`áUFy ]OyXnOy[h e]h`Bi e[h[pXkwl:Xkh: YBEyAYvoêAIyAow:AsYyButêAe]h SOy\wIhay YvoêAIy áBEy:¹nEyt eZhePs:]sh:But]Iy< PÓweêAhEytYe¸OwoEye`hEy e[h¹woEyEv> PwoWh]h OZh: ¹nFyBoXnh ÌrTyePs:eSGuáUFy]Iy< 3< VoµWh]hOZh: e[h¹woEyEvOsEy:]wÓ \EyeZhAy[háBEy:< 1353 Bo¹nFyOsEy WoZEyXEy: UhEvoXy (Fa Ngum) A AeÉhQx:Yh:¹woEyEvXn e[h¹woEyEv]wÓ YpeGhEy[h But]Iy< ¹woEyEveOhyWh]h`áUFy PpePhEyAh OFy¹woEyEv[vo:`h: YvoêAIyAow:AsYy eFBut]Iy< `BýwA OwVAy¹woEyEv¹nEyt OÌoOy¹woEyEvXkh:Xn[Iy: OZh:X\Ey ]h]Sh æTZSy eZhAyËnwButêA]Iy< 4< \wIhayYvoêAIyáBEy:= HFyáXFy< e[h¹woEyEv]wÓ VoµWh]hX\EyXnx e[h[pXkwl:Xkh:]Iy SOy\wIhayXkh:Awo ¹nFy eTiEy:Xkh:Fsh YvoêAIyAwo:AsYyButêA]Iy< BZFyYhSy]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy; WoZh:]BEy Awo YvoêAIyAwo:AsYy]Aut]wÓ; FhOSyËnweêAhEy:Aow[Iy: YvoêAIyButêA]Iy (AÉhax: 3:1-7)< PwÓeêAhEyt [pOwÓ= YvoêAIyáBEy:Awo e`hAyTi`OwoEy: ]XwoEy:eêAhEy:`Z eOúZ]Iy< A) `F`ax:>e[hA[p]h:`h:[vo:]Iy WoZh:OFyTi:OIy:Awo]h YvoêAIy = 15 =
ButêA]Iy< SOy\wIhay¹nEyt `áBh:Wh]hXkh:Aow Aow:AsYyáBEy: XæTBtueT< B) FhOSy]Iy [p]h:Xkh: YvoêAIye]h QoOwYTo¥wl[y]háUFyBut]Iy< C) AsuáTh:e]h CwoNy:CNXkh:; YvoêAIyBkAy¹nEyt Wh]hOZh:Xkh:]Iy eShAy[owAy`ZhXkh:áUFyAh; Ye¸OwoEyOIyËnweS]Iy< D) [p]h:Xkh:]Iy WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt `BkwSyêAháXEytFsh e\:AshButZhXn áTSy? WoZh:]BEyPv[nIyt[hêA]Iy< E) e[h¹woEyEv> VoµWh]hOZh:Awo ¹woEyEveOhyWh]hOFyBo`áUFy ]OyXnOy BtuBkwSyA VoµWh]hAwo Sh:[Iy]IyáUFyeF; Sh:X[Iy]IyáUFyeF; e[h ¹woEyEv> eXs:Ush:[h]pOwoEy:]Iy VoµWh]h\EyXkh:áUFyButêA]Iy< X]wSh: X[Iye]hy[Iy: eOúáXEyZe]h`Zh; XwWXkh:= YvoêAIyZh; ¹owEyEveOhy A ax:eGhEyZheShAy[woAy? YvoêAIy Awo:AsYBy utêA]Iy< F) Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:]Iy eAhEy:áXOyTi][h:< e[h¹woEyEv]h:Xkh:]Iy; Wh]hOZh:OowEy:A eAhEy:áXOyáBEy:Aow]h ]sSy ]Eye]heêAhEyt Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:]IyeAhEy:áXOy]Iy^o XkAyFwXnwOyYvoêAIy [AyBvêA]Iy< Pow]Ów[AyBváBEy:]Iy Wh]hOZh:`eêAhEy:Awo Sh:X[Iye]h eêAhEytáUFy]Iy< Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:A eAhEy:áXOye]h`ZhAwo X]sSy]EyeT< `Býwe]hWh]hOZh:Xkh:A `áBh:e]h]pXkh:=`]AyAwo TkAyFx:eF? XwXw= `]AyAwo[Iy: TkAyFx:eF¹woEyTi]Iy< eAhEy:e]hWh]hOZh:[Iy:ËnwTi]Iy< ]Ówe]hy[Iy:[p]h:Xkh:= [wo`TyBkAyAwo XáUIytGIy:¹woEyeT< eAhEy:]Iy^oBvYp e]hWh]hOZh:OowEy:]Iy ‚WoZh:]BEy; `áTFyXnAYyOEyáBEy:OZh:¹nEyt Ph\Z `]Ay‛ F]IyOÓwAowXeT:¹woEyTi< @`Zh]vo:Ti:Awo OFyBoOIy:e]h[Xy:Xn]h ZËnw ¹woEyTi]Iy< Pow[Xy:Xnh; BZFyeOhyeYÌrAowYovêAIyáBEy:áUFyTi]Iy< `WYyteêAhEyt Gwoe]hy BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy AÉhe[hA[p]h:OwoEy:¹nEyt VoµWh]h\EyOwoEy:A eFhEyteXøhyeS]p eXËnwY`ËnEyTEy áUFyTi]Iy< G) ]OwæTZXIyt `ZhXkh:< WoZh:]BEy; \wIhay; Wh]hOZh:¹nEyt CwoNy:CNXkh:Xnh AsuáTh:áBh:Sh: êATi]Iy< ]Ówe]hy; WoZh:]BEyXnh OFyGpOIy:]hËnwTi]Iy< `Býwe]h]pXkh: A WoZh:`Xkh:(Xkh:Fsh)Ënw]Iy^o BvYpêA]Iy< SOy\wIhayGwo:Xkh:FshËnw]Iy< Pw\o wIhayGwo:Xkh:=eBiEy:eGhEyXnh FhOSyáUFy]Iy< Wh]hOZh: Xkh:FshËnw]Iy< `¨[Xy]h]h¹nEyt BZFyYhSyWh]hOwÓ]Iy WoZh:]BEyOFyTi:OIy:]h Ënw eêAhEy: YvoêAIy[AyBvêA]Iy< ^w»mWh]h¹nEyt GFyByWh]hOwÓA WoZh:Xkh:Fsh ËnweêAhEy: YvoêAIy[AyBvêA]Iy< `Býwe]h]pXkh:AXp WoZh:]BEyËnweêAhEy: = 16 =
XYvoêAIy êAeT< VoµWh]h; Oh`ow (Taoism,2); ËnEyOow (Shintoism,3) Wh]h OZh:Xkh:Xnh [p=FsXy:eGhEyXr`ZhAow]h [AyBvYvoêAIyêA]Iy< H) VoµWh]h]Iy WoZh:]BEy¹nEyteAhEy:AEyOXSyAwo XYvoêAIye]h]p Xkh:`[Yy>OIyePhEyBut]Iy< Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Xnh Ti_wWh]háUEyt]h eZ: ]h:Ph:e]heêAhEyt ]ÊhOZh:AwoeOúËnwZSy Voµ=eOs:eBjXr; ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Awo eAhEy:XsSyFshe[t[hZXIy< @Wh]hAwo YvoêAIye]h]pOwoEy:]Iy gEy:]sSy]Ey BkAyXkh:= `RwÄhYyAwo ËnheUse[t[hZXIy< VoµWh]hOZh:]Iy fNyTIhAwo `]vo:æTZSy¹nEyt ¹rOyATOyeOhyAwo e[:Fh:ZSy]sSy]Ey]Iy< ¹rOyATOyeOhy Gwo ]IyXnh XIy]pSIy:< ¹rOyATOyeOhyGwo]IyXnh `WYySIy:< @]sSy]EyBkAyAow êAh:Sh]pOwoEy: Sh:[Iy]wËnwZSy fNyTIhAwo`]vo:æT? e[t[hZXIy< A÷¹yoTy `OsAyXnh ¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrWoZh:TEy áUFyTi]Iy< (ËnEyeYh ^Sy 1:1-3 AowUOyTi<) Fk) Voµ= ]sSy]Eye^heáThBkAy<4 VoµWoZh:e^hBut]IyXnh ‚]Êh]OwËnw[øAy AYyOEyáBEy:Awo ËnheUsZ XIy‛ ^p? ]sSy]EyButTi]Iy< [Ay[sOyFTYyeSOOy]p]Iy AYyOEyáBEy:XBv ZeOhteT< AYyOEyáBEy:OZh:Awo ËnheUseOúËnwZSy CÌoOFwoAye[t[hUwÓ fNyTIh Awo `]vo:æTZXIy<
2
A popular Chinese religion, originating in the doctrines of Lao-tzu but later highly eclectic in nature and characterized by a pantheon of many gods and by the practice of alchemy, divination, and magic. (Webster’s Unbridged Dictionary) 3 The native religion of Japan, primarily a system of nature and ancestor worship. (Webster’s Unbridged Dictionary) 4 Lao Cultural Awarness by John C. Kounthapanya, 1990.
= 17 =
`BSy: (3) Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAy]Iy XIy]Iyt`BkwSyAh[OwoEy OIyeSXIySIy:<
`ZEyeZhAy[háBEy:¹nEyt eShAyXneZhAy[háBEy:]Iy `eZ:XîAx:eT< eZhAy[h]Iyt]p= ZIyËsYyBkAy]h[øE y`eZ:îAx:Ti]Iy< ]wÓe]hy Voµ¹nEyt BZFyeOhyWoZh:= ZIyËsYyBkAyXnh AsuáTh:áBh:Sh:Ti]Iy< `EyOh BkSyOh\XyeGhEyt
VoµAkXy:CSy> eOúZe]h AkXy:FAh:eOhyXkh:< A÷¹yoTy]Iy [eTiEy:Xkh:Fsh`BkwSyYp? VoµAkXy:CSy¹nEyt BZFyYhSyAkXy:FhAow ¹rwEy:Ynaye[t[hButTi]Iy< Pwo]wÓe[t[h]Iyt`Bi VoµAkXy:CSy>; ‚êAIytTi; `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax:]Iy \Oy[voáUm\Oy? ]x[ËnEyXæTBute]hy VoµWh]h ]Iy `¹nFyEi:ePhEyêAheIhEy:[wXytXIy< `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax: ]x[ËnEy æTBut[øEyXp @]sSy]EyBkAy]Iy `¹nFyEi:ZhOsEyGvo:[wXytXIy‛5 ^o GwoPh:Ti]Iy<
eShEyOFyBkwSyOsEy X^hVwoeQ:BpPXx: (Mahavodeekotamee) ^o `XIyOsEy e]h `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax:]Iy ]x[ËnE\y OyBsEytæTZSyeOhEy:GwoButAh;6 BsEytæTáBEy:ZËnwBtu ]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt PowTeZhUAyæTBkAy`OwoEy: Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXnh ¹nFyeTiEy:Ei:Zh `OsAy]h áUFyButTi]Iy< VoµáT£QwSy¹nEyt BZFyYhSyáT£QwSyAwo ¹rwEy:YnayêAIyte]h`Bi VoµWoZh: TeZhUAyæTåTx:eShAy ¹nFyeTiEy:Ei:Zh`êAhOsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌr eTjPsSy:ButeêAhEy: eOúZ]Iy< gEy:]IyOwoAyGwoEyáBEy:OFyBo[h:< [pXkh:eZ:e[t; eáThe[tËnwe]h TvoáTEyOFyToQyËnwBut]Iy< PowTvoáTEyPuOsEy VoµAow YvoêAIyXrOwXyeAh[h]Iyt`BkwSyOsEy OFyTi:OIy:]hËnwe]hWoZh:; eX³heOhy ËnEyWoZh:; AYyOEyËnEyWoZh: GEy:]Ay[h? AYyOEyáBEy: `XræTXIy^o GowPh: ]Iy< Voµ=TeZhUAyæTBkAy> eShEy¹nFyEi:ZhOsEy VoµWh]hOZh:Xnh AsYy eTkhAy]sh:? CÌoNhËnEyWoZh: OFyTi: eTjPsSy:[hXIy^o eUhyáTButTi]Iy< Pow `BkwSy> WoZh:]BEyA TeZhUAyæTBkAyeT:? BZFyeOhyAwo `áTFyPuXn [p]h:Xkh: 5 6
Book of Buddha, Seventh Edition, page 330 (Thai Edition) Book of Buddha, 24rd edition, page 389 (Thai Edition)
= 18 =
`h:AYyOEyZSy eF[sOyButáBEy:áUFyeêAhEy: Sh:[IyZTi]Iy< gEy:Xnh OwoAyGwoEy áBEy:[h:< WoZh:]BEy= `êAvFIyeOhy[h:< BZFyYhSy]ÊhAkXy:Fh eUhyáTBkAy `Z USyGEy:ËnEyWoZh:=`êAv`FIyTEyáUFyTi]Iy< WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p]h:OwoEy: Awo ]BEyeYÌr]Iy e[hA]h:Xkh: eXøhy[EyteFhEytFh:eSe]h AYyOEyËnEy áUFyeêAhEy: ]weF[ow]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt BZFyeOhyAow`WYy]wÓáEEy:TYy¹woEyXIySIy:< ]p]Iy VoµeShAyXneTjPsSy:XIy^o VoµAGowBtu]Iyt`OowEy: WoZh:]BEy= eXËnwY ËnEy`áUFy PEyËnh:Btu]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt BZFyeOhyAwo eXËnwYËnEy`áUFy [AyBváBEy:Xnh Voµ= TeZhUAyæTBkAyAwo [AyBváBEy:TEyáUFyTi]Iy< A÷¹yoTy]Iy WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:> Voµ]Iy `[Ey:eT:]p XáUFyBEy ]p=`XIy Xnh ]wµ² eCiOXáUFyeêAhEy: ]EyYpButTi]Iy< WxFx 543 Bo¹nFy> `w»wY¹woEyEv; GAy(B)XháTIySYy; ATw[\OyèXwAwo `oTyFwo:Bute]h WoZEyXEy: ]oeµiQS¹nEyt XwUoZh: ]xZwX^hXhYh OwÓ= ]h:eOhyáUFy]Iy< Pwo`BkwSyOsEy WoZEyXEy:¹nEyt OwoEy:]páTIy ]h:Xkh:]Iy ^w»mWh]h> ^w»mWoZh:Xkh:¹nEyt [IyTOyeSe]h W\]v]Zh> áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:Awo YvoêAIyButêA]Iy< XEy:]h:e[: ]wµ² ]Iy `oTyBßTyeZ:TIhAwo eAhEy:XsSyFsh ]EyYpBute]hy [Iy: îAx:áTEy:[he]h`Bi ¹woEyEveZ:Awo FwOy\EyFh:áBEy:XæTWu; [Ô`]AyOh `eêAhEy:Aow]h FwOy\EyFh:[hBut]Iy< @Aut]wÓ áUFyZáBEy:Xnh ]p=FwOyPu> áUFy eTj[he]h eX:BsSy:Xkh:Awo `eáUËnhZhXn áUFyeTj[háBEy:áUFy]Iy< PoweX:BsSy: Xnh; [p]Iy`WYy]Ówe]h]³\iáUFy]SIy:< `WYy`ZTyXn [h]SIy:< `WYyt `OsAyeêAhEyt `]AyËnEyZ]SIy:< e]åTx:eShAy `WYy`ZTy]wÓ]sh: XIySIy:< @eX:BsSy:Xkh:Aow A÷¹yoTy[Iy:eX:áXSy:[owFwOyËnwBut]Iy< ]wµ² ]Iy @ eX:BsSy:Xkh:= `eáUAwo]wËnw[woe]heêAhEyt WoSy:îAx:Xkh:¹nEyt ^w»mTeZhUAyXkh:> e[t[h ]EyYpBut]Iy< ]wÓe]hy]pFwOyeAkSTye]h `eáUAwo XZËnwButeT< `]Ay 16 ¹nFy> `wXyePhEyæTAh ]h:eOhyOFyTi:PsSy:Ah:Btu]Iy< ]wµ² ]Iy [AyPTyåTx: ]h:eOhyOFyax:TEy ZËnBw ute]hy[Iy: ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUs [woe]h ]p=G»Xnh eTkhAyX]sh:ButeT< PwÓeêAhEyteShAyGvo:OsEy `]Ay 29 ¹nFyËnw[he]h`Bi Xw]h:Fo; T¨Iy:a¨h ¹nEyt SSy:eOhyAwoFs¸y? eOhPsAyAh ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUsZSy Gvo:áUOyBut]Iy< ]wµ² ËnheUsBute]h`ZhXnh VoµWh]h= ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:TEyáUFy[h]Iy< ax:FsheZhAy]p¹nEyteShAyXneZhAy[h]p; `WYy]p]Iy `eZ:îAx:]SIy:< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ¹woEyEv> ]BEyeYÌr`eêAhEy: FOEy]sSy]Ey[h]Iyt`Bi eËÒAke]h ]p¹nEty eShAyAke]h]p`WYy]p]Iy]h? `eZ:îAx:eêAhEy:áEEy:BvoBut]Iy< = 19 =
OFyax:A ‚Voµ]IyeËn:Ake]heêAhEytTwo?áXEytáXOy]Iy< TeZhUAyæTBute]h]p áUFy e]heêAhEytTwo?áXEytáXOyeêAhEy: ]wZ]Iy‛ ^oGwo]Iy< ]wÓe]hy `áBh:e]hOFyax:A ‚BZFyeOhy]Iy eShAyXn[he]heêAhEyt ]h? áXEytáXOy]Iy‛ ^o eáTh]Iy< Two?e[t[he[ Two?Sh:[Iy[h]IyXnh @`eáU¹nFyBoF[vo:Xnh `RwÄiYyËnwTi ]Iy< ]wÓe]hy[Iy: Pow]p¹nFyax:=ZIyËsYyBkAy¹nEyt XIy]pXIy\i áUFyeêAhEy:Xnh `EyXOSyXn AsuáTh:áBh:Sh:eêAhEy: e`hAyTi`OwoEy:]wËnwZTi]Iy< Voµ
eYÌrBZFyeOhy
1< XeXs:Ush:BEy `WYy`ZTyXn[h? `WYy]páUFy XnSy:X]wZTi<
1< e[hAAowUSy:GEy:e]hWoZh:áUFy]Iy< eAhEy:AEyWvo> BXIy:eOhyWoZh:¹nEyt `OpËnweSe]h]páUFy]Iy<
2< `w»wY¹woEyEvWZo EytXkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]Ay[h ]páUFy]Iy< ]p=UBEyXnh ]oeµiQS áUFy? XwBEyXnh ]xZwX^hXhYh áUFy=<
2< ¢]eZ[WoZEyXkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]Ay[h]p áUFy]Iy< WePs:áUFy]pXnh eYh]TyáUFyåTx: XwBEyXnh XhZwáUFy]Iy<
3< ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax:]háUFy]Iy< eXs:Ush: ZSy eF[sOyáBEy:BvZe]h WoZh:X^oOyeT<
3< BXIy:eOhy= eF[sOyáBEy:BvZ? [p]h:Xkh: `h: `áTFyXnAYyOEyZSy e[hA]wÓðA[h e]h]páUFy]Iy<
4< XwBEy=`wTyXAy; FwOyAp:`OwoEy: eXs:Ush:[h e]h ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax:]háUFy]Iy<
4< WoZh:]BEy= COweOhy`OwoEy:; RÊe^hEy: AkXy:Fh> eUhyáTPh:e]h COweOhy`OwoEy: eXs:Ush:[h]páUFy]Iy<
5< [p]h:= FwOyG»`Z ]Wh\`OwoEy: eXs:Ush:[h]páUFyTi]Iy<
5< [ÔG»áUEyt X^oOyWu ]¸yËnEy:e]h \wIhay eOhy`h:áUEyt TJw]eÀOIy? eXs:Ush:But]p áUFy]Iy<
6< XIy]Iyt `vtUY s yZh SwXwOy[£NhXn X[oTyáTButeT<
6< `vtê]WsYy SwXwOy[£NhXkh:áT]But]Iy< `PEy Ënh:Gov:¹nEyt `eZ:`îAx:Gvo:Xnh [pAow e]áBEy:Xn ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy:áUFy]Iy<
7< ]hXSy[pXkh:Aut]wÓTEy TIh]EyYpBut]Iy<
7< fNyTIh¹nEyt áTIytFvo]Iy<
8< ]h:XYh:ËnwBut]Iy<
8< ]h:XYh:XËnwButeT<
= 20 =
9< `]Ay 80 OsEy \Ay]h:`GwTyOAyåTx: e]Gvo:Bu] t Iy< ]p=e]Gvo:áBEy:> ZIyËsYy BkAyXËnweT<
9< `]Ay 33 ¹nFyOsEy [Ay\i:Ah:OwoEyeTj `e]BvBut]Iy< ZIyËsYyBkAyXnh `áTFyPuXn [p]h:Xkh:Aow AYyOEyZSyáUFy]Iy<
10< e]áBEy:Xn áTSy[IyPeáXhAyáBEy:XËnwButeT< `áXu e]e]h]páUFy]Iy<
10< AkXy:Fh> TeZhUAyæTPh:]Iyt `OwoEy: e]Buet ]hy[Iy: ]vo:ZAyeáXhAy e]he¸> ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyBut]Iy< 11< ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyåTx: OTIyteOhyXkh:¹nEyt ZAyeTiEy: 40 `OpeSButåTx: [peTiEy: 500 XkAyeXnhAy> eAhEy:AEy]wÓ BkxeGhEyáBEy: BvBut]Iy<
11< e]Gv:o åTx: `WYy`ZTy]Ów ]sh:]IyAwo `WYy]pXøX]weT<
12< YBoBkwSy Wh[oTyeS]IyAwo[Iy: `WYy ]pXø X]weT<
13< Voµ]Iy áTSyðA[hXIyX^oOyeOhteT<
12< BZFyeOhy]Iy WoZh:]BEy= [AyYh WAyOsEyPwoEyåTx:; A÷¹yoTyOwÓ`OsAy GoeOhEy: eT:eS]Iy< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ`OsAyeS`wXyAwo áTEyGEyeT:eS]Iy< 13< @e[hA]wÓ OUSyáTSy[h? OZh:FxZEy `oTyFow:[wXytXIy<
@ 13 BkAyáUEyt Voµ¹nEyt eYÌrBZFyeOhy= FFyXnSye]h ]eWh]Wh\Xnh AusáTh:áBh:Sh:eêAhEy:Awo ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh]wËnwZTi]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt ax:FsheZhAyËnw[h]p; eShAyXn[h]p^o BsuáBh:]IyXnh `eZ:XTieOhteT< Pwo]p=eZhAy[háBEy: ZIy ËsYy BkAy¹nEyt XIy]pXIy\iáUFyeêAhEy:]Iy]h `eZ:îAx:Ti]Iy<
Voµ]Iy ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUs]páUFy]Iy< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy ]ÊhOZh:áUFy]Iy< (ËnEyeYh^Sy 5:24)
= 21 =
`BSy: (4) Toáv TEyPuA AYyOEyËEn yOFyTi:;
Fh:e]hAye]h]p]Iy eAkSTy[wXytXIy; ]EyFh:e]h`Fh`h:áUEyt XFh:e]h]pAow eAkSTyeFXIyX^oOy< ]Eyt\wIhayËnEy]SyZSy AYyOEyËnEyAwoYvoêAIy[AyBvZXIy; `áBh:e]h]p=YvoêAIyáBEy:áUEyt ]EyAYyOEyáBEy:XZ¹woEyeT<
ðAGEy:[hXIyt AYyOEyËnEy`OsAyTeZhUAyæTBkAy< `eFhTwoEy:OsEy eUhyáTPh:]Iyt`OwoEy: A÷¹oyTyOwÓ¹woEyEvOsEy eËn:e^hEy:TvoáTEy OFyToQyËnwBut]Iy< PwoTvoáTEy> ‚VoµWh]hOZh: OwXyeAh[h]Iyt`BiOsEy WoZh: OFyGpËnweêAhEy:; AYyOEyZSy CÌoNheX³hËnEyWoZh: ]wÓX^oOy AYyOEyËnEy WoZh: ðA[hXIyáUFyeêAhEy:‛ eáTháTPh:]Iy< ‚eAk:[AyeOhËshe[:OsEy GEy:Zu]h:Xkh:¹nEyt`Op eXs:Ush:BvZe]hy[Iy: OSyBwo:îAx:[wXytXIy< BÀhAowYy> QNyBkAyXkh:eêAhEyt ËsvËnhUsYyáUFy[wXytXIy< Pwo]p `h: YvoêAIy[AyBve]h]p]Iy EZu]wÓAkeZhAyáBEy:Xn [sOyeáXhAy[wXytXIy‛7 ^o VoµA TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< BZFyeOhy=]AyeOhyFayAwo e[t[h]Iyt`Bi PwoTvoáTEy¹nEyt `[sSySx:FTy eêAhEy: eOúZ]Iy< OFyeêAhEy:BkEy:Awo e[t[h]Iyt`Bi; A) VoµOZh: OwXyeAh[h]Iyt`Bi AYyOEyËnEyWoZh: ðA[hXIy< VoµWoZh:TeZhUAyæTåTx:eShAy 543 ¹nFyêAhe]h`Bi BZFyeOhyeYÌr e[hA]wÓ ðAGEy:But]Iy< `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax: ]x[ËnEyáUFy[h]Iyt`Bi VoµWh]h OZh: Gvo:BSy:]wÓeZhAy[wXytXIy^p]Iyt TeZhUAyæTBkAy`OwoEy:TEy ]XwoEy:eUhyáT BkAy`Z `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax: ]x[ËnEyæTBut]Iy< B) eOhËshe[:OsEy eXs:Ush:[wXytXIy< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy WoZEyQi\wQyXkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]AyBute]hy[Iy: WePs: eYh]TyXnh GEy:Zue]h[Ay]Xh:OFyax:áUFyBut]Iy (Xcu 13:55)< BZFyeOhy eYÌrAwo SSy:eOhyPuOsEy X^oOyWu ¹sh:OEy:AoOyOsEy eXs:Ush:But]Iy ([oAh 2:6; 7
Tranditional Lao Poem.
= 22 =
7)< eXs:Ush:ZhHhOw VAy[EyèXwAwo èXwEYye[:`áUFy]h [p]wXkh:]Iy (Xw£h 5:2; Xcu 2:1-6)< @`BkAyXkh:`h:[vo:]Iy Voµ=TeZhUAyæTBkAy¹nEyt AowAyIxTi ]Iy< C) OSyBwo:ËnEy ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> BZFyeOhy=]AyeOhyFayAow UOyÌr]Iyt`Bi BZFyeOhy]Iy [pTZw]Oy`[IyOsEy SwXwOy[£NhOSyBwo:Xkh:áT]ButeêAhEy: eOúZTi]Iy< Ukh: Sh]pXkh:AwoAkSy:XheFáBEy:; `SheZhCiåEwXy:eFáBEy: (Xcu; 15:29-31); SOyGwo: Xkh:`h:¹nEyPoOyáBEy:(Xcu 8:8-34); eZeTj[Xy:e[øhAyáBEy:(Xcu 14:25-27); e]e]h]p`h:`]AyËnEyeFáBEy:(eYh^Sy 11:36-45); XwXwAowYyOowEy e]áBEy:Xn ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy: (eYh^Sy 20:1-10) F]Iyt SwXwOy[£NhXkh: áT]But ]Iy< @`ZhXkh:]Iy e[hA¹nEyt¹rwEy:Ynay?XZe]h BZFyeOhyeYÌr= OSyBwo: eOhy áUFy]Iy< E) ËsËv nhUsYy QNyZhXkh:¹nEyt eYÌr BZFy\EyAkXy: (4)AkXy:OsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo QNyZhQNyBkAyXkh:¹nEyt IÕEy: GuButáBEy: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy ([oAh 22:63-65; 23:16-17; Xcu 27:27- 31)< PwÓ`áTEy Ah:OowEyeTjOEy? AsTyáXAyButeêAhEy: (eYh^Sy 19:18); [nváUEytPwo:¹nAy BtueêAhEy: (ËnEyeYh^Sy 19:34) eOúZTi]Iy< @`áUFy`TkAyXkh:`h:[vo:Awo Voµ A íAwOEy? TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< ÌowAy¹nAyáBEy:; [nváUEytPow:áBEy:; [pPoA áTAyZYyæT Ah ËsvËnhUsYyáUFy? eOúáXEye]h]pOwoEy:A [nIytáTSyBkEyêAXIy< Pwo]BEyAwo [AyBv YvoêAIyZXIyt`Fh: IÕEy:TSy:¹nwTyFAyBtuêA]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> ËnEyeYh^Sy A 3:18 OsEy ‚Pwo]BEyAwo YvoêAIye]h]p]Iy OZh:FxZEyáBEy:XBvZWu; XYvoêAIy e]h]p]Iy WoZh:]BEy= ]h:eOhyAow [AyXBve]heêAhEyt OZh:FxZEyåTx:]h: áUFyeêAhEy:;‛ eUjáTPh:]Iy< eYh^Sy 3:16 OsEy ‚Pwo]h:eOhyAwo YvoêAIy e]h]p]Iy Ph\Z`]AyAwo Z? XYvoêAIye]h]p]Iy Ph\Z`]AyAwo Z[wXytXIyX^oOy; WoZh:]BEy= `XkAyeQi]]h AkeZhAy[wXytXIy‛ ^o eZ:]h: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< ËnEyXcu 10:32; 33 OsEy BZFyeOhyA ‚`êAEy]p]Iy[pOwÓeËÒXnh EitAwo\Sy Bv`vt; eAhEy:AEyWvo>Ënwe]h Ei=BXIy:eOhyeËÒXnh Pow]pAwo Ei\SyBvXIy< `êAEy]p ]Iy[pOwÓeËÒXnhEitAwoáEEy:TYy`vt; eAhEy:AEyWvo>Ënwe]h Ei=BXIy:eOhyeËÒXnh Pow ]pAwoEiáEEy:TYyXIy‛ ^oGwoBut]Iy< eZhX 10:9; ‚`WYy]wÓSIy:^pXpAh:; ]Ey]Iy]BEyeYÌrAwo ¹rOyáUEyt \SyBv ?; WoZh:]BEy]Iy]ÔAwoe]áBEy:Xn ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyeFåTx^o FwOy¹n[vo:Pu> YvoêAIy = 23 =
[øEy; AYyOEyáBEy:]wÓ eZhAy[wXytXIy<‛ VkhQwOy 20:15; ‚`]AyFheFhEy> FhZEy:X\Eye]h]pËnw]XøAwo[Iy: Xx:`woEy Pu]wÓ BkTFye[=<‛ EZuXx:`woEy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:= QoOwY¹nEyt eShAyGvo:`îAwXye]áBEy:áUFy]Iy< eYÌrBZFy= `]AyFheFhEy> ShXIyeZ:]h:Ph:e]h]p]Iy AOweOhy `OwoEy: áTEyGEyeT:e]h eAhEy:AEy]Fy; eáXîAx:]FyAwo \EyFh:Z[wXytXIy<
PÓweêAhEyt eShAyGv:o e]h OZh:FxZEye]he¸> EZuXx:`woEPy u]wÓBkTFyáBEy:BvZe]h]p]Iy `áTFy]h: áUFy e]heêAhEyt X^oOyWu; BZFyeOhy`h:áUEyt `áTFyXn BsEyt[sOáy BEy:OZh:Awo [AyXBve]heêAhEy]t háUFy]Iy<
= 24 =
`BSy: (5) eXËnwY`eêAhEy: TeZhUAyæTBkAy A÷¹oyTO y ÓwËshOsEy; Ësh]h:OwoEy:]we]h TeZhUAyæTBkAyOFyBoËnwBut]Iy< ]Ów e]hy A÷¹oyTyEYyFayW\>áUFy? FwO\y EyFh:XrXËnwBtueT< eShAyOsEy; BZFyeOhyeYÌr `eêAhEy: e[t[hZEy: PowTeZhUAyæTBkAyXnh `[sSyTEy `SAy`RwÄhYyËnweêAhEy: GEyáBEyXwButTi]Iy< eAhEy:XrXkh:; CÌoNhFwOyáUEyt [oTyeGhEye]h`[oTXy kh: `h:áUEyt eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv]wÓ XeZhAy¹woEy; e[hAAwo AYyOEyZSyðA[he]h eXËnwYAow [AyBv; [AyXBvGwo]Iyt`BkA>y ]h[øEy `RwAáUFyeêAhEy: Sh:[Iy [hButTi]Iy< VoµAowYyOwoEy TeZhUAyæTBkAy>[Iy: @]wÓeOúËnwZTi]Iy< Voµ]Iy BZx:[nIyt[IyeSButFay `]Ay`ËsYy`woXEy:eSåTxáUFye]h `w»wY `Wwo:`wo áV^‰h (Brahman) A @]wÓeX:But]Iy<8 áV^‰h< `WYy]wÓe]hOZh:`h:PoOyáBEy:; eËnhEyêAayáBEy:; `FheËnhEyáBEy: ¹nEyt eT:AXy:áBEy:Xkh:áUEyt; XwXw]Iy `áTFy¹P sv uXA n YyOEyáBEy: ZËnw ¹woEyXIySIy:< Voµ< eT:AXy:e]hy[Iy:; Ei:Ti:]x[eFhEyte]hy[Iy:; ËnFyTi:]x[ eFhEyt e]hy[Iy:; WoSy:îAx:\OyåTx: OZh: 227 Ti:Awo [woAey [øhAye]hy [Iy:; îAwXyeTiEy:]Sy:BkxXA GoeOhEy:e]hy[Iy:; OFye¸OsEy Ei:îAwXyOZh:`h:PoOye]hy[Iy: ]Ey]Iy AYyOEyáBEy:XZ¹woEyeT< @OZh:Xkh:Aow e¸OwoEy:[oTyeGhEye]hy[Iy: GvTEyOFyTEy= ËnFyTvo OFyTBvo ¸yXø¹nEyt Ixe]hAo]ow[y]h[øEy ZËnw[wXytXIy< XwBEy\Xy:Pu>]h Ënwe]:e]hAe[:TEy[øEy eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv OvBi:\]wXÓ \Ey¹woEy< áV^‰h< Pow]wÓGwo[øEy AYyOEyáBEy:ZËnwZSy `WYy]wÓ[oTyeGhEyZXIySIy:< Voµ< [p=`áTFy]Iy Xkh:[sSy:[n]Iy< e[:[sSy:[n]Iy< eAhEy:AEy PAy e[:]Iy< eáXîAx:PAy Pp]Iy< eáXîAx:OFyáTEy[vo:>Ënwe]h eAkhAyOvo:Xkh:PAyîAx:? Pp]Iy< ¹nFyFay eAhEy:AEyOXSyXkh:A 8
Book of Buddah (Tri Pee Dok Bible, Thai Edition) book 7, page 23. The Monk Siri Visouthivong in the temple Phra Sing in Chaingmai certified to its accuracy.
= 25 =
áV^‰h< Voµ<
áV^‰h< Voµ<
PwoeAkhAyOvo:Xkh:Awo ËnEy:TFy? eTkhAy]sh:Btue]hy `áTFy]Iy[Iy: eTkhAy]sh:[wXytXIy< XwXwAowYyAwo YHyTpeHhyáBEy:; XwXwTwoEyGwoEy]Xø FIy: FwXya¨hXkh:Awo Fs¸y[sOTy ep HhyáBEy:; OTyXAyUsYye]h AhXCoNyXkh:Awo Fs¸yáBEy:áUEyt WoSy:îAx:\Oye]hy[Iy:; `áXEytGvo:e]h]peOhyeAhEy: `áUFy ]v]Zh> `USyUSyAkEy[Iye]hy[Iy: AYy OEyáBEy:XZ¹owEy eT< @]wÓGwo[øEy; `WYy]wÓ [oTyeGhEyZXIySIy:< CÌoNheX³hOZh:¹nEyt `[oTy[oTyZEy: e[hAAwo AYyOEyZSy ðA [hXIyt WoZh:AwoËnhTi< ]p]Iy]EytAwo AYyOEy[wXytXIy< ]p= `XIyXnh `ZweXe³Yk (AYyOEyËnEy) áUFy]Iy< Pwo]p]Iy Eit`ZEy ËnwBut? EiteShAyXn[hXIyt]páUFy]Iy< AYyOEyËnEyWoZh: ]wÓX^oOy CÌoNhËnEyWoZh: `ZweXe³Yk = AwoYy AkEytOZh:Xnh `WYy]wÓSIy:< e[hAAow ðAGEy:[hXIyt AYyOEyËnEy= eáB; [AyeOhyXnh QNyZh Xkh:eOú[wXytXIy< SveW:eOhyXnh[Iy: [nvBkAyQNyZh¹nEyt eBiEy:eOhy >[Iy: `XhËsOXy kh:Ënw[wXytXIy< Pow]p]Iy `Fay[IyTOyeSe]h ]v]ZhFAyAsE:y PuXn [sOyeáXhAyeF¹woEye]h]p;9 SwÆhSy]wÓ TÓweGhEy eT:¹woEy]páUFy]Iy< ]Ey]Iy fNyTIhËnEy]vo:Ti:Awo eOú[wXytXIy< OZh:[Xy:e^hEy:]wÓ X[woAy¹nEyt< AYyOEyáBEy:ZXIyX^oOy< OZh: [Xy:e^hEy:Awo Fs¸y[øEy e[hA> GAyåTx:`]AyËnEyZSy¹nEyt Ph\Z `]AyZËnwZSy ]Eyt¹n[vo:]h:PuXnh Xx:Aut]wÓe]h \wIhayZËnw[wXytXIy< PwoWoZh:]Iy \Oy[voâU\OyGEy[kAy eAhEy:AEyêAYyXkh:Aut]Ów eOhAyT]Iy< [p]h:Xkh:Awo eAhEy:AEy]wÓeBjeGhEyåTx: eËò`wXy eOhyáTEyGEyeT:[wXytXIy< ]p=ShXAwo îAx:áXOye]h CÌoNh eX³hËnEy^o eBjêA[wXytXIy< ]ÔAwoeFhEyteXøhyTi< eAk:Hp:æT? [Fy[àXÌrTi¹nEyt<10
Voµ= ]sSy]EyBkAy¹nEyt BZFyeOhy= ]sSy]EyBkAyAwo ¹rwEy:Ynaye]hy e`hAy Ti`OwoEy: SwCvo:BßTyZTi]Iy< 9
In Asian area, boats were often used as walkways or bridges across rivers, hence the word “lead” instead of “carry.” 10 Tranditional Lao Poem.
= 26 =
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(eZhX 1:21-25)< @`Zh]Iy [p]h:Xkh:æTBtu]Iyt îAx:Xh:e]h`áTFy áUFyAh; e]áBEy:OZh:Aow \Ey[heFBt] u Iy< PÓw`áTFyAow `WYy[p]h:Xn XTYyËnh: eT:¹owEyTi< Voµ]Iy Pow`áTFyOZh:¹nEyt eAhEy:XrAo]wo[y¹nFyBoêAh:Ënw Ash^BkAyAwo `WYy]wÓe]h eAhEy:XrAo]wo[y`h:áUEyt[Iy: TYyËnh:áBEy:XæT¹woEyeêAhEy: ËnEy: [Ey:FsheUhyáTBut]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt eAhEy:XrAo]wo[yæT[oTyáBEy:áUEyt `áTFyOZh:Xn [sOyeáXhAyZSyíAw:Fh:]p]Iy BvYpBkAy[òuXnh:]Iy]hXA; Voµ=]sSy]EyáBEy:Awo [Iy: G¸yAkEyáBEy:áUFy]Iy< [p]Iy `áTFyPuXnXwXwAwoYyAow XAYyOEy¹woEyeT< AYyOEyáBEy:]Iy CwoNy:CN¹nEyt Wh]hOZh:Xkh:>[Iy: XpOIyeSáBEy: X^oOy eT< BZFyeOhyeYÌrXnOFyTi: `áBh:`WYy]pXø AYyOEy¹woEye]hShX]Iy eAhEy:AEye`hAy [pOwÓOsEyXËnweT (OXSyeOhy 4:12)< PÓweêAhEyt Voµ]Iy ‚EiteShAyXn ðA[hXIyt]pAwo eFhEyteXøhyêATi‛ ^o TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< 3<
AYyOEyáBEy:]Iy EitPvXnX^oOyeT< EiteShAyXn ðA[hXIyt AYyOEyËnEy eXËnwYPvXn Z]Iy^o VoµA GowBtu]Iy< BZFyYhSyXkh:= ]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy; ËnEyeYh^Sy 4:25 > eUhyáTPh:e]h ËnhXhZw[pXkwl:Xkh:¹nEyt Cà:[pXkwl:Xkh:A AYyOEyËnEy eXËnwY]BEyAwo eFhEyteXøhyButêA ]Aut]wÓ Voµ[AyPAy `w»wYáTIy]páTIy]h:Xkh:¹nEyt VoµWh]h\EyXkh:A[Iy: UhZhGxXy (Phra Sian) Awo eFhEyteXøhyButêA]Iy< `XnSyXnh ]pOwÓ]IyOpIxe]h AYyOEyËnEyeYÌr OFyTi:OIy:Awo]h eFhEyteXøhyButêA]Iy< UhZhGxX` y eêAhEy: Voµ=TeZhUAyæTBkAyXnh BZFyeOhyWZo h:= `]AyOh¹nEyt OpIx]Iy< BZFyeOhyeYÌr= `e]BváBEy:`eêAhEy:Awo êAh:e]h`Bi Voµ=FAh:eOhy Xkh:Awo Sh:[IyButZTi]Iy< ]p=eáB; [AyOsEyËnwe]hQNyZhXkh:Xnh Ah:OwoEy eTj> ]vXrwáUEyt ÌowAyPh:áBEy:BvBute]heêAhEytáUFy]Iy< ËnEyeYh^Sy 20:25-27 OsEy ‚Pow]pOwÓA[Iy: `A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy ]BEyAwoáXEyZêAåTx^o e]hX`h: eáThGwoêA [øEy; e]hXA [AyeOhy> ]vÌowAyZhBkAyAwo XáXEy; ]vÌowAyZhBkAyAwo [AyIÕwl:¹nEyt XOwÓXFXy:; SveU:eOhyAwo[Iy: [Ay¹nEyt XFXy:X]TyZ[øEy `A÷¹oyTyXYvo^oGow=;‛ PwÓeShAy ËnFyZAyeáXhAye]he¸> OTIyteOhyOwÓ]Iy OUSy`PuXnhËnwêA? e]h X[Iy:Ti=< OvBi:Xkh:TwOyPh:Fay`Bi; eYÌr]IyðA[h? `[YyXnh ZTyeOhyXp [kAy; ‚]EyOwÓ> åEwXy]AyáBEy:ËnweF]OIy:^o Xw¸yeOhyXp=< Pwo`Bi e]hX`h: ]Ey= [Ay«rw:Awo G¸y? Eit[AyAwo êAIyte[ht< ]Ey= [AyAwoG¸y? EitSveU:eOhy Awo FXy:]Tye[ht< YvoXnh:áBEy:XËnw¹nEyt< Yvoe[ht^o Xw¸yeOhyXp=<‛ ^o eZ:]h:Ph:Ti ]Iy< = 28 =
]p= SveU:eOhy> QNyBkAyOFyBoËnw]Iy< ËnEyeYh^Sy 19:34 OsEy ‚FFy]pZu OFyeYhAy]Iy SveU:eOhyAwo [nv¹nEytPwo:eUhAy? e]s:¹nEyteZ]IyBkAyBkEy: PsAy [h=<‛ ^o eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< ]p=eBiEy:eOhyXn QNyZhXnh Gp:ZFy]ZUp=QNyBkA¹y nEyt ÌrOyBkáBEy:Xkh:eêAhEyt áUFy]Iy< Xcu 27:37 OsEy ‚`áTFyeWhyáTe]h AÈIy:[wTyFhBkAy^pXpAh:; @ ]p]Iy YoQËnEyWoZEy eYÌreTOIy:^o eZ:? eBiEy:eOhyeTjXnh OTy]OIy:<‛ ^o eOúZTi]Iy< 4< PowWoZh:]Iy W\]v]ZhFAyAsEy:Xn [sOyeáXhAyeF¹woEye]h ]eWzhîAx: áUFy[wXytXIy< eYÌrWoZh:]Iy `UBXIy:eOhyPv]wÓ TÓweGhEyeT:XIyt [Xy:BZx:; ]Êh OZh:¹nEyt`]Ay áUFyeêAhEy:AwZo Iy«òSy:Ph:]Iy< ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:1-3; 6 ‚OUSyOvo eYÌrA ]EyOwÓFwOy¹n[vo:TpTSyáBEy: XËnweF¹nEyt< WoZh:]BEyAwo YvoêAIy êAe[ht< EitAwo[Iy: YvoêAIyêAe[ht< Eit`W=`wXyeOhy> eSFZh`BSy:`Xkh: Ënw=< ]wÓX^oOy[øEy X^oOyeêAhEy:Awo ]EyOwÓ`h:EiXeáThWuXeS< ]EyOwÓeSFZh `ZTyAwo áTEyGEyáBEy:Eni Ei]sh:Z=< Ei]Iy]sh:? ]EyOwÓeSFZh`ZTyAwo áTEyGEyåTx: Xn OUSy[háTSy? EiËnwZh`ZTy> ]EyOwÓËnweFáBEy:Eni ]EyOwÓAwo EitPv]wÓ ]wXy:GIy: XIy<‛ ‚eYÌrA Ei]Iy [Xy:BZx:áUFy=< ]ÊhOZh:[Iy:áUFy=< `]Ay[Iy: áUFy=< EitAwo `XnxXæT[øEy `WYy]pXø BXIy:eOhyPv]wÓ XeZhAyZ<‛ ]eWzhîAx:]Iy `A¸y`]OyXËnw; [p]h:`h:[vo:`OsAy [voe[hAye]h WoZh:]BEy= AYyOEyáBEy:[Xy:Awo ZIy«òSy:Ti]Iy< 5< `]Fye]h\wIhay]Iy Xx:[øvAut]wÓ `PAyXnGEy:]Ay? ]Eyt¹n[vo:]h:Pu Xnh Ënw[wXytXIy< Xx:[øvAut]wÓe]h \wIhayeOhyGwo]IyXnh ]¸yËnEy:e]h\wIhayeOhyAwo Gw[ o wo ]Iy< ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:15-17 ‚EitAwo BkFy[øEy EitTIOyOwÓAwo eFhEyteËnhAyêA e[ht< Ei]Iy BXIy:eOhyAwo eOhEy:?; BXIy:eOhy]Iy ]ÊhOZh:Aow áTe]h \wIhayeOhyOIy:^pe]h OTi:e]h aT©lhYyGZhAwo ]EyOwÓ¹nEyt`OpOIyeS áBEy:Eni ]EyOwÓ`h:eT:eOhyXp=< Pow\wIhayeOhyAwo e[hAx]h:OwÓ]Iy X]wXáXEy e]heêAhEyt XBvXYp¹woEyêA< Pwo\wIhayeOhy]Iy ]EyOwÓ¹nEyt `OpOIyeS? ]EyOwÓ >ËnweOhyXpe]heêAhEyt ]EyOwÓ]wZêA=<‛ OXSyeOhy 2:2-3 ‚Pwo`Bi e[áTEy:XoSy OwEo y:Aut]wÓe]h`]v]Iy OBNáBEy:OsEyeAhEy:AEyXn[h?; Pwo]pOwÓeSPwoEye]h `wXyAwoáUIyte[=< PowBNáBEy:OsEy AsuáTh:e]h[øhOwÓ]Iy Xx:[øvAut]wÓ PEyËnh:?; = 29 =
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= 30 =
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= 31 =
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Tranditional Lao Poem. Oral Tradition.
= 32 =
ZTi]Iy< BZFyeOhyeYÌrA Two? ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh eUjáTAh ]OweT:ButTi]Iy< Xcu 24 > ‚@`ZhXkh:Awo eOúïAvZ]Iyt`Bi AÉhTkAyBkwSySx:ATy[hXIy< AÉh]IyTkAyFx:[oSx:åTx< Xnh:YsEy:e]hWoZh:Xkh:eTjeTiAy[h? FFyXnSye]h WoZh:PvX[ n Xy:[suêA[wXytXIy< FFyXAy; FFyeW:Qo£Xkh: AÉheáX`¹Òv êAh:Z[wXyt XIy< AÉheáXOoSy[Tr y? eOhEyXkh:äTwTkAy[wXytXIy< XOZh:XrXkh:; IÕEy:GuáBEy:; [Ô`]Ay]OyáBEy:; XoSy:Ox:áBEy:; ]¨heUhAyáBEy:; [nIytFh:áBEy:; Xnh:YsEy:e]h TeZhUAyæTáBEy:Xkh:eTj[h[wXytXIy< Pow`ZhXkh:]Iy YBo[Iy: áUFyTkAyeSêA ]Iy< `BýwXnh áUFyTkAyåTx:; `BýwXnh XáUFyTkAye]:eT< AÉhTkAyBiSx:OsEy @Aut]wÓ áUFy[wXytXIy‛ ^o eáTháTPh:Ti]Iy< Voµ]Iy ¹nFyeTiEy: 5000 [sSyåTx:eShAy AÉheáXîAx: Xx:e[hEy? PowXx:Xn `WYy]pXø X[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyeêAhEy: TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< PÓweShAy BZFyeOhy eYÌrA[Iy: @`eêAhEy:Xkh:Awo TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< ]wÓe]hy Pwo`BkwSy`BiAwo `UBXIy:eOhyXn [su?XIy]pXø X]weêAhEy:eáThBut]Iy< PwoGEy:Zu Qo£¹nEyt AÉh TkAyáBEy:Xnh `XnSyOAYyáUFy[h[wXytXIy< eShAyGvo:e]he¸OsEy WoZh:]BEy ]Iy AÉhe[hAAwo Xx:áUEytUkAyGx:[wXytXIy (VkhQwOy 20:9; BZFyYhSyAkXy:Fh Xn)< VoµWh]h¹nEyt BZFyYhSyWh]hOwÓ]Iy PowAÉhTkAyFx:XIyt`ZhAwo YvoêAIy Zh> OpIx]Iy< BkFye]hXwOyeGs @`ZhXkh:áUFyTkAy[h]Iyt`Bi `WYy]wÓ`]AyËnEy XIySIy:< AYyOEyZSyeXøhy[EytBkAy `WYy]wÓZËnw¹woEyXIySIy:< ]Ey `GEy]Eyt áUFyåTx[h:< eShAyXAke]:BEy A÷¹oyTyOÓw OX[sSyW\`OsAy @eX:BsSy:Xkh: `OsAy `eáUËnwZSy[wo`Ty]Iy< B< eIhEyTEyîAx: ]vo:TEy=`ZwTye`hAy> e[hA[p]h:Xkh:FoÌov:êA[wXytXIy< [pXkh:A PwoeIhEyTEyîAx: ]vo:TEyAwo FwOy\EyOFh: `RwÄiYy`Xkwl:Xkwl: UsEytGwo êA]Iy< (A) ¹woEyEveZ:]Xh:OFyax:A; `oTyBßTyeZ:OZh:]vo:BoáUFye]h QxXwoAeZFx\iQ; GwoËnYy[Fy\iQ; AsSyâX¹nF\y iQOwÓAwo Gwo[wo]Iy^oáXEyTi]Iy< (B) VoµWh]h\EyXkh:A; eIhEyTEyîAx: ]vo:TEy= `ZwTy]Iy Voµ; ]sSy]EyBkAy¹nEyt WoSy:îAx:Xkh: Aow ZIy«òSy:]Iy^o UsEytGowêA]Iy< (C) OwoAyÌowAy`RwÄhYy; = 33 =
]FyTEy]vo:TEy= `ZwTyGwo]IyXnh ]FyTEyFFy= `ZwTyAwo ZIy«òSy:[øEy ]wSy:]Sy:XAe]h [p]h:OwÓ]Iy Bwo[rvZSy X[voe[hAye]heêAhEyt TkAyFx:áBEy:BvZ[wXytXIy< (D) ]vo:Ti:OFyGpWoZh:; A÷¹oyTySh:[Iy]IyXnh Voµ= FAh:]Iy ]vo:Ti:OFyGpOIy:áUFy e]h BXIy:eOhyWoZh:; ]h:eOhyWoZh:¹nEyt ]¸yËnEy:e]h\wIhayeOhyWoZh: Awo ZIy«òSy:ButáBEy:áUFy]Iy< [p]h:Xkh:`h:[vo:]Iy ]vo:Ti:OFyGp WoZh:= `ZwTye`hAyOsEy FoÌov:êA[wXytXIy< VoµA ‚[Ôe[hAAow AYyOEyZSyðAGEy:[hXIyt]pAwo eFhEytFh:ZSy Xw¸yXnhBut ]Iy< [p]h:`h:[vo:]Iy `GEyt`OSy:; Xkwl:¹sYy; OwoEy:¹woEyEv XBsuáBh:Wu ]vo:Ti: OFyGp WoZh:]BEy=eAk:Hp:OZh:`ZwTye`hAyOsEy Bwo[rvêAXIyáUFy]Iy< C< WoZh:]BEy @TeZhUAyæTBkAyáUEyt eCiOX]Iy WoZh:X^oOyeêAhEy:¹nEyt eCiOXA WoZh:]BEyAwo XáEEy:TYyeêAhEy: ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< Voµ]Iy WoZh: áUFyTiA ‚]EyOwÓ]Iy EitXkAy¹nhAwo eOúZ[wXytXIy‛ ^o eáThButTi[wXytXIy< ]wÓe]hy ]EyOÓw]Iy ‚WoZh:]BEy= XkAy¹nheOhyAwo eOúZ[wXytXIy‛ ^o eáThBut]Iy< Voµ eShAy ðA[hXIyt]p]Iy BZFyeOhy (eXËnwY) áUFy]Iy< VoµAsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy 543 ¹nFyêAhe]h`Bi BZFyeOhyeYÌrðAGEy:But]Iy< D< eAhEy:áXOye]h]p (Ao]wo[yËnw]p) `WYyAut]wÓe]h]pXkh:]Iy eAhEy:áXOye]h]pXkh:áUFyêA]SIy:< gEy:Awo [pOwÓ]Iy AsuáTh:áBh:Sh:Fsh `SAyUsEyt[øAyËnwêA]Iy< eAhEy:áXOye]h]p]Iy eOúáXEyZSy BAyBue]h`Zh; ËnheUsZSy BAyBue]h`Zh; Sh:[IyZSy BAyBue]h `Zh; [oTyeGhEyZSyBAyBue]h`ZhOwÓAwoeOúáXEy; ]wËnw; [oTyeGhEy¹woEy]páUFy]Iy< Pwo]pOwÓ]Iy eAhEy:Bkx:Xkh:FshBvFh:ZêA=< VoµATeZhUAyæTZhOsEy eAhEy:áXOy áBEy:¹nEyt áTIyt\e]h]p^o GwoZh> Pow]pXkh:Awo ZIy«òSy:]Iy< Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyAow Sh:[Iy? ]p=]sSy]EyBkAyAwo `SAyUsEytGwo¹woEy]p]Iy eAhEy:áXOyáBEy:¹nEyt áTIyt\ = 34 =
e]h]páUFy]Iy< ]wÓe]hy VoµA ‚]EyOwÓ]Iy EitFAh:Aow Sh:[Iy[øEy Ei]Iy `WYy]páUFyeêAhEy: (Ei]IyWoZh:X^oOyeêAhEy:) Aow ]wËnwSh:[Iy[wXytXIy‛ ^o GwoBut]Iy< ¹rOyATOyeOhy^o eBje\j]XoOyBvZe]h WoZh:]BEyAow ËnheUs? Awo:Fh: e]h]pOowEy:]Iy Voµ= ]sSy]EyáBEy:Xkh:Awo Sh:[Iy]eWheTiAy[wXytXIy^o Yvo êAIyTi]Iy< ¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAow ZIy«òSy:eêAhEy: OXSy eOhy ËnEyeYh^SyA @`eêAhEy:`ZhAow ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh eUhyáTBut]Iy< ËnEyeYh^Sy 1:1-3 OsEy ‚`F`ax:> ¹rOyATOyeOhyËnw=< ¹rOyATOyeOhy ]Iy WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt `OpËnw=< ¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy[Iy: WoZh:]BEyáUFyeOhyXp =< Pwo¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy `F`ax:> WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt `OpËnw=< Pwo¹rOyATOy eOhy]Iy BTy]wXy:e]h `ZhOwÓAow USy:GEy:eOhyXp=< USy:GEy:eOhyXpáBEy:¹nEyt AEy:[sOy[øAyáUFye]h`Zh OFyFvoOFyBoXøXËnw‛ ^o GowPh:]Iy< ËnEyeYh^Sy 1:14 ‚¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy[Iy: [ÔHhOw`áUFyAow BvYp?; eAk:Hp:eOhy¹nEytgEy:; ]¨heOhy¹nEytgEy:áTIytFvo[øAy EiOwÓOsEyOIyeSeOhyXp]Iy áUFy? BXIy:eOhy> OFyTi:OIy:e]h]h:eOhy= WoSy:Aut]wÓ ]p=WoSy:eOhyAow Ei OwÓ]Iy áXEyZêAåTx<‛ ËnEyeYh^Sy 1:18 ‚WoZh:]BEyAow `WYy]pXø XáXEyFUp:e]hy[Iy:; BXIy: eOhy= ZEyBsEy>Ënwe]h OFyTi:OIy:e]h ]h:eOhy]Iy WoZh:]BEyAwo PEy Ënh:eFeOhyXpåTx<‛ VoµTeZhUAyæTBut]Iyt`OwoEy:; BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy `A÷¹yoTyOwÓ= Wwo:; eW:; Wx; WEyXkh:A `BkwSyêAháXEytFsh eFhEyteXøhyBute]h]páUFy]Iy< Wwo:eW:OwÓ]Iy XSAy; e¸[Iy WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:]wÓ GsXy:TwÓ]Iyt`Bi eZ OFyTo[Ey:Yp]sh:e[t ËnwBut]Iy< WoSy:îAx:]Iy OZh:ËsOyGwo? GoeOhEy:eT:e]h `Bi [AyOFyUAyAwoeáXÕhAy? OFyUAyXn eZTo[Ey:Awo G»Ënw]Iy`OwoEy:e[hEy: e[tËnwButêA]Iy< ‚eAhEy:áXOye]h`XrAwo åTx:Fx:? eAhEy:AEyWvo]wÓ Bkx:eáXÕhAyBvTieF< eXËnwY `ËnEy= XkAy¹nheOhyAwo Up:áXEyZ]IytOwoEye`hEy eAhEy:áXOye]h`XrXkh:¹nEyt áTIyt ¹nAyTieF‛ ^o `áXuOXy: GoeOhEy:eT:e[tËnwButTi]Iy< BZFyeOhy]Iy ËnhXhZw`Xkwl:]Xx:Awo ‚`WYy]p]Iy ]EytAow Ei]Iy eX ËnwY áUFyeêAhEy:eáTh]SIy:‛ ^o eX:But]Iy (eYh^Sy 4:26)< Uw[wÄlAwo[Iy: @]wÓTEyeX:But]Iy< BZFyeOhyA ‚]EyOwÓ]Iy EitAow]w[øEy BXIy:eOhyAwo X]wWu XeSZêA; YBoXnF? BXIy:eOhyAwo ]wáXEyêA=‛ ^o Xw¸yeOhyXp=< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy eXËnwY`ËnEyWoZh:áUFy? eShEyOFyBkwSyOsEy e[hAAwo = 35 =
AYyOEy[wXytXIy^o VoµA TeZhUAyæTBut]p áUFy]Iy< E< `WYy]p]Iy AYyOEyáBEy:ZËnw? `WYy]p]Iy [Ay[sOy Gvo:Ìrv:Z XIySIy:< áB]Iy [Ay[oTy[AyFh:; GEy:Zue]h]p; ZhPp:¹nwXytAke]h]p; ]pOFyTi: `Ap`IxAwo `áXu[wo`TyeS]pXkh:Awo ZIy«òSy:]Iy< Pwo]pOwÓ]Iy WoZh:]BEyPv ]wÓ [hZSy[sYyAp]Iy< GSyBiBkZhXnh GEy]IyZhPp:áXEyt? CoNyTAhRS¹nEyt ðAYy\]pXkh:Awo Gw[ o wo ]Iy< Pwo]pOÓw]Iy [Ô`Uôu`FIy:PuXnh; CoNy]w£hAkGEy:áBEy:Aow Fow:ZwXey ]h eêAhEyt ¹nwXByt kZSyBAyBu]Iy< WoZh:]BEyPv]wÓ[Iy: [hZSyBAyBu]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy WoZh:]BEyPv]wÓ[hZSy BAyBue]h]pXkh:Awo e`hAyTi `OowEy:eUhyáTPh:]Iy< XwoAyXue]h]peK: ([oAh 12:16-21); eT:AXy:áBEy:XËnw e]h]peK:([oAh 16:19-31); EYyËsYye]h]peK:([oAh 18:18-30); eU³lXEy: ¹nEytOwoEyTEyUAyXkh: (OXSyeOhy 25:26); SweAhQEy (ËnEyeYh^Sy 3:1-25) OwÓ áUFy]Iy< @]pOwÓ]Iy XwXw=CoNyTAhRSXkh:eêAhEyt WoZh:]BEyPv]wÓ [hZSy BAyBueêAhEy:eUjáTPh:]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt BZFyeOhy]Iy Xcu 19:24 > ‚OUSy EiGwo]IyAh: Ao[h:`oOy]Iy `Ty¹nUh:Awo[ømw[sYy=< eEsZOOye]h]p]Iy WoZh:]BEy= ¹owEyEveOhy]wÓ \EyBu]Iy‛ ^o eáThButTi]Iy< ]Êh]OwËnw? ¹nwXytBkáBEy:Ënwe]h]p]h[øEy WoZh:]BEyPv]wÓ[h? îAx:áXOy e]h AYyOEyáBEy:ZËnw[wXytXIy< [p]h:`h:[vo:Awo WoZh:]BEy BkFye]heêAhEyt `BsEyt`eZ:OFyBo eT:Ph:]Iy< WoZh:]BEy]Iy GSyBkBkZhXnh A÷¹yoTyOwÓAwo áB ]wÓX^oOy GEyAut]wÓáUFyZSy eËò: BkYy TwoEyBsEyteT:Ph:Ti]Iy< `RwÄhYyXnh eáUhEytXOye]h]p ]wÓX^oOy `áTFy]h: áUFyZSy^o Gwo[wo]Iy< `XnSyOZh:OFyBoXnh WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p]h:`h:[vo:Aow BkFye]heêAhEyt ]ÔAwo YvoêAIy[AyBvZSy `Xkwl:Xkwl:[oTyeGhEyButTi]Iy< ]Ówe]hy; WoZh:]BEy= UwOy eBjXrAow A÷¹oyTyOÓw áEEy:TYy]IyXnh Ye¸OowEy áUFy]Iy< WoZh:]BEy]Iy TeZh UAyXkh:Awo eF[sOy? eXËnwYðA[hXIyt`eêAhEy: eáTháTButTi]Iy< PÓweShAyXn ]h:eOhyAwoeF[sOy? A÷¹oyTyOwÓ¹nEyt`Op @e[hA> `]AyËnEyeFAh `WYy]wÓ `]AyËnEyeSPwoEyZXIyt`eêAhEy: ]sSy]EyeFButTi]Iy< Pow]h:eOhy `e]BváBEy: = 36 =
áUEyt `áTFy`h:[vo:Awo eG:eêAheT:ButTi]Iy< PwÓeShAy e]áBEy:X©wlXhSyAwo A÷¹oyTy OwÓ `OsAey `hEyáXEyButeêAhEy:áT]ButTi]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh= eUjáTáBEy:`h: áUEyt BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]wZTi]Iy< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy WoZh:]BEyáUFyBut[øEy [p]h:Xkh:`OsAy `WYy]Ów Fay:Fh: XIySIy:< [p]h:Xkh:¹nEyt `WYy]wÓ[oTyeGhEyXIySIy:< @`eêAhEy:`ZhAwo íAw:Fh:? Fay:Fh:GEyáBEyêATiFwÓ< WoZh:]BEyAwo eAk:Hp:OEyTi< WoZh:]BEy= FwOy ]eWh]Iy [p]h:Xkh:¹nEyt XOpIxeT< BkFyáXuBkFyeS? ApIxeFhEyteËnhAy]Iy< BsEyt[sOyáXu BsEyt[sOy]Iy< eAhEy:AEy¹owEyEveOhy]wÓ áTSy[IyTÓweGhEy? Ph\Z AhAsYyeFhEyteËnhAy[] ow Iy< GSyBiBkZh> GEyAkÌrv:áBEy:`eêAhEy:ZEy: GSyBiBkZh> GEy]Iy ZhPp:áXEyte]h]p; BkXy:]hðAYy\?; `GEyt`OSy: áXEyte]h]pXkh:Awo ZIy«òSy:Ti]Iy< GSyBiBkZhOsEy Gvo:Ìrvo:ZáBEy:`eêAhEy:ZEy:Xnh `áBh:]pXkh:PAy ]h[sSyáXEytáXOy]Iy^o \iðAh:e]heêAhEytáUFyTi]Iy< BkXy: ]he]heêAhEyt ¹nwXytBkZSyáEEy:GSy]Iy< WYye]h`BiXø ¹nwXytBkáBEy:XæTeT< a¨h RSîAx:Tsh:e]heêAhEyt WoZh:]BEy=ApIxXFXr X[wo`Ty^o PEyOOy]Iy< PweÓ êAhEytAkÌrv:Z]Iy< `XnSyOZh:OFyBoXnh; WoZh:]BEy=SIy:[Xy:]Iy [pOÓw= SIy:[Xy:¹nEytG¸yAkEy]Iy< WoZh:]BEy=SIy:[Xy:]Iy ePhEy[òh:e]h]pAwo ¹nwXytBk?; ¹nXw ytBke]h]pAwo Bkx:eáXhAyZSyáUFy]Iy (1 eT 5:6)< Xcu 23:12 ‚`êAEy ]p]Iy XwXwAwo Bkx:eáXÕhAy`vt; Pwo]p]Iy ¹nwXytBkáBEy:]Ów eZhAy[Ovt< `êAEy]p]Iy XwXwAwo ¹nwXytBk`vt; Pwo]p]Iy Bkx:eáXÕhAyáBEy:]Ów eZhAy[Ovt‛ ^o GowPh:]Iy< WoZh:]BEy= `êAv`FIy¹nEyt [p=Sh:[Iy¹woEyFsXy:]Iy G¸yAkEy]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy Xcu 16:25 > ‚`êAEy]p]Iy XwXw`]AyAwo AYyGYyáBEy:Enh `[owËnw=< Pow]p]Iy `]AyÌrvo:[wXytXIy< `êAEy]p]Iy EiteêAhEyt `]AyÌrvp:=< Pwo]p]Iy `]AyAow eOú[wXytXIy<‛ @`ZhAwo êAh:e]h`Bi ]EyXIy]wÓGEyáBEyXw]SIy:< `WYy]wÓe]h]p áUFy[wo]SIy:< GSyBiBkZh> AkSyZFye]h áB[h:; Ak]sh:e]h GEyáUFyeSXnh[h:< ]Ey]Iy WoZh:]BEy GSyBiBke]h`Bi AkSyZFye]h]páUFy[woTi][h:< Ak]sh: e]h]p áUFy[woTi][h:<
= 37 =
`BSy: (7) AvOZh:13 GowOh Wh[u<
“[p]Iy OFyBiOIy: e]? PwoeShAyXn OZh:FxZEyeOhyXpáBEy:Awo BvZ]Aut]wÓ” (e^áVu 9:27)
AkXy:FheOhyáXOy> [p]h:Xkh:= W\]Iy WoZh:]BEy= FxXvXr`Z eXs: Ush:áBEy:BvAh `îAwXyîAwXyeXs:Ush:áBEy:XËnwWu e]áBEy:OZh:]hËnweêAhEy: ]sSy]Ey Ti]Iy< AvOZh: OFyBiA TeZhUAy `Z^v (Orahan) ¹nEyt VoµeShAy[woAyXkh:]Iy AvOZh: Xn AYyOEyáBEy:`eêAhEy: VoµAow eX:áXSy:ButTi]Iy< Voµ= `eáUXnh ‚@SIy:[Xy:áUEyt AYyOEyáBEy:ZËnw[wXytXIy< PXy:Two:OFyBoAow áXFyPu]Ów TFyBk[woAyTi< ]vo:¹nFyêAhe]h`Bi XkAyFwXáXEye]h[wTyOFyeAhEy [sOy ? PowPXy:Two:Awo ËnhBwoEy:Ti< eOúËnwe]h`Bi ]EyOwÓ]Iy AYyOEyáBEy:Z[wXytXIy<14 [p]h:Xkh:Aow EZu]wÓ TÓweGhEye]h`Zh GYyTi:Ënw]Iy< PwoGYyTi:` SAyOFyTi:Awo Bkwl:UkAyBut[øEy GYyTi:F[vo:Awo Bkwl:UkAyáBEy:TEyáUFy]Iy< Voµ= FAh:`Z AvOZh:Xn [sOyeáXhAy? AYyOEyáBEy:ZZSy XwXw`eTj Awo: Fh:áBEy:; eAhEy:e]h`[oTy ]wÓX^oOy OZh:[owAySháBEy:; Voµ`eTj `h:Awo:áBEy:; ]Ô`eTjXpOIyáBEy: XËnweêAhEy: ËnEy:[Ey:FsheUhyáTButTi]Iy< ]wÓZhOsEy áTcSh ¹nFyBoËnwTi]Iy< 1< [p]IyTIOyOZh:Xkh:Awo X[woAy¹woEyeT< 2< Voµ>AYyOEyáBEy:XËnwTi< ËnwBut[øEy `PAyTiaTXhAwoeáThButXIy X^oOyeT< ]vo:¹nFyêAh [òEyteXøhBute]h PXy:Tow:¹nEytTOy]Oy?; ]vo:ZAy]hêAhBute]hy [Iy: [wTyA XkAyXáXEye]heêAhEyt áTSy[IyeOúËnwZSyXnh XáUFy¹woEyeOhteT< Voµ]Iy; BÀhAwoYy¹nEyt TOy]Oy? `áTFy]vo:BoËnweêAhEy:; FAh:eáThGwoáBEy:¹nEyt 13
In both Buddhism and Hinduism, Karma refers to “the totality of a person’s actions, good or bad, in successive states of his existence, thought of th as determining his fate in the next.” Webster’s New 20 Century Dictionary. 14 Oral Tradition.
= 38 =
TOy]Ay? `áTFye[:Ti:ËnweêAhEy:; FwOy¹n[vo:]h:Pu> êAvFIyáBEy:¹nEyt TOy]Ay? `áTFy]vo:Ti:Ënw eêAhEy:eáThButTi]Iy< A) BÀhAwoYy`h:áUEyt[oTyeGhEye]h`áTFy]vo:BoXnh; [Ô`]Ay]OyáBEy:; Bow: YpáBEy:¹nEyt [wEyeUhAyáTSyXrOwÓáUFy]Iy< B) FAh:eáThGwoáBEy:= `áTFye[:Ti:Xnh; [wXyIháBEy:; XSh[ow`äEw:Ph: e]hFAh:; SwXytAke]hFAh:; XAwo:Fh:`Tye]h FAh:OwÓáUFy]Iy< C) FwOy`eOs:áUEyát TFyXnh:e]h `áTFy]vo:BoXnh; `Gvo:XuteQi]; `Xnh:Awo`XnSy PEyáBEy:; e[hWOTyXAyáBEy:OwÓ áUFy]Iy< AvOZh:= `Aßw:; Voµ]Iy FTi:`vo:eçX`eêAhEy: eZ:]h:Ph:e]h TvoáTEyAow Awo:Ah:? Xnh: YsEy:e]h eOs:eBjXr aTXhOFyBoeT:ButTi]Iy< PowTvoáTEyOsEy `heGhEytX^hZOy (Asok Maharath) WoZEy= BXIy:eOhy]Iy AsYy[sSy]Iyt`Bi FTi:`ov:eçX `áUFy]wÓ W\eáThEy:[uButeêAhEy: eáTháTPh:Ti]Iy<15 `heGhEytX^hZOyWoZEy= BXIy:eOhy`]AyËnEy]Iyt`Bi OZh:AkEyt áBEy:; eT:AXy:áBEy:Xkh:æT? eAhEy:AEy[Xy:Awo ËnheUsBut]Iy< ]p]Iy Voµ=TIOy OZh:Xkh:Awo [woAyShBut]Iy< ]p]Iy [AyeGhEyT¯hXkheT:áBEy:; WoSy:îAx: Xkh:`h: APwSy]AzSy:Xkh:[qQiSy:áBEy: æTBut]Iy< OFye¸OsE;y BXIy:eOhy]Iy WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:]Ów áUOy[Xy:áUEyt]sh:BtuZh; eAkhEy:OowAyîAx:Aow eOúËnwBtu]Iy< PoweAkhEy:OowAy SveW:> Ei:Xkh:eXs:Ph:e]h ASyOFyBoAoweOúBtu]Iy< WoZEy]Iy Ei:Xkh:AwoUXy:?Ei:Tw[oTyFh:ZSy FwOA y p:But]Iy< ]Ówe]hy ]p]Iy VoµWh]h\EyOFyax:áUFy? FwOyAp:áUEyt]heOs:eOhAh `XnSyXnh Pwo]wÓXæT[oTyButeT< VoµWh]h¹nEyt ^w»mWh]hOwÓA ]³\iOwÓ= `]AyAwo ]Oy ZSy Oh:áXFy]Iy< PwoWoZEyXEy:]Iy `woXEy:[h? `Sw¨eZhAyBut]Iy< WoZEyXEy:]Iy SwÆhSyWO ov vBi:eTiAy]wÓeZhAy]sh:e]h`Bi OvBi:eFhEytA WoZEyXEy:= `æT`XpXkh:`OsAy eT:GTyZSy e[hA]wÓáTSy[sOyáBEy:BvZ]Iy< Pwo WoZEyXEy:]Iy áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:BvYp]Iyt`BiOsEy ^xX\ºheOh> FTi:`ov:eçX `áUFy eXs:Ush:áBEy:BvYpButTi]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt WoZEy]Iy Poew çXXßw:=]Wh\ áUFy ]Iyt`OowEy: Ei:Xkh:¹nEyt `áBh:`]AyËnEye]h]³\iXkh:Awo UXy:Fh:Ah PoweOh> AkEy[IyBut]Iy< 15
Issan Literature by Preecha Pinthong.
= 39 =
`heGhEytX^hZOy WoZEy]Iy BXIy:eOhy= eSZhOsEy SSy:OAy[he]h `Bi TIOyOZh:Xkh:Awo OwOwAkAk [woAye[øhAyAh eT:AXy:XrXkh: æTe]h eêAhEyt SwÆhSyW] ov ÓweZhAy¹woEyBut]Iy< `heGhEytX^hZOy AsYy[sSy? SwÆhSyW] ov Ów eZhAye]h`Bi OvBi:eFhEytAwo ]p=BXIy:eOhy`eêAhEy: eX:áXSy:ButTi]Iy< BXIy:eOhy]Iy `áTFy=`BAwo eT:GTyZSy e[hA]ÓwáTSy]sh:? eOhOsEy FTi: `ov:eçX`áUFy `]AyËnEyeSeêAhEy:]wËnwBut]Iy< PoweOhOsEy ]³\iXkh:Awo UXy: Fh:?eSeêAhEy: ]wËnwBtu]Iy< OvBi:eFhEytA `heGhEytX^hZOy `h:eáTh]IyXnh ‚]Ey]Iy BXIy:eOhy Aow eOú[wo[øEy eçX`áUFy]wÓ eáThEy:[uZXIy<‛ ]h:eOhy `heGhEyt A[Iy: eçX`áUFy]wÓ eáThEy:[uAh eOhPuOsEy BXIy:eOhyAwo Ënhe]h`Bi eçXîAx:OFyeAhEyAwo eOúBut]Iy< PoweçXîAx:]Iy `heGhEyt Awo UXy:Fh:BkEy]Iy< Pwo`Bi ]h:eOhyA BXIy:eOhyAwo ‚[Ôe[hA> [p`áUFy `]AyËnEyFay OsEy Ei]Iy ]Ey=]h:áUFyBut]Iy‛ ^o eáThButTi]Iy< eçXîAx:A áTSyeáTh]IyXnh ‚]Ey]Iy Eit]h:XnSy[øEy Ei=eAkhAoSy:eTj OsEy eBiEy:Xn`åXx:OwoEy e[øhAyTi< eBkhyXAkBut[øEy Eit]h:XnSy=< ]wÓe]hy eBkhyAk But[øEy AwoAyFh:XIy‛ ^o eáThBut]Iy< ]h:eOhyA[Iy: eBkhyXAke`hEy e[øhAy¹owEyBut]Iy< ]h:eOhyA BXIy: eOhyAwo áTSyeX:]IyXnh ‚WheêAhEyt eçXáUFyZ]SIy:< BXIy:eOhy]Iy e[hA > TIOyOZh:Xkh:Awo [woAye[øhAy? eT:AXy:áBEy:Xkh:Awo[Iy: `áXuæTBut]Iy X^oOye[h< Pow`Akwl:OZh:Xkh: XBvFh:ZTi][h:‛ ^o eX:But]Iy< BXIy:eOhyA ]h:eOhyAwo ‚FwOy¹n[vo:Pu> êAvFIyáBEy:áUEyt TIOyOZh:Awo Bkwl:UkAyButTi]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt eçX`áUFy]wÓW\eáThEy:? `áTFyeðA: GTyZ]Iy‛ ^o eáThBut]Iy< ]h:eOhyeX:]IyXnh; `WYyAh[OowEye`hEy eT:GTyZXIySIy:< BXIy:eOhyA ‚EiteAkhAoSy:> eêA:BsvXkh:Fsh Ënw]Au] t wÓ îAwXyUSy Xkh:Fsh áTSy[Iy W\Ap:eáThEy:áBEy:áUEyt eT:GTyZXIy‛ ^o áTSyeáUButTi]Iy< @TvoáTEy]Iy VoµWh]hOZh:`Z TIOyOZh:Xkh:Awo Bkwl:eUhAyBute]h eêAhEyt `áTFy=`BeT:GTyZáBEy:Awo eUhyáTe]h TvoáTEyáUFyTi]Iy< `áTFyOZh: ]Iy AwoYyPw[AyeZhAy Aà:[sSyáBEy:`h:áUEyt]h `áTFyX^oOyeT< FwOy¹n[vo:Pu > eOs:eOhêAvFIyáBEy:áUEyt áTFyXnh:áBEy:]Iy[Iy: `áTFyáUFy? `áTFy`OsAy QNy eT:GTyZXIyáUFy]Iy< @aTXh]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrA XcuBZFy\EyAkXy: 5:22 ¹nEyt 28 OsEy ]sSy ]EyBute]h [Ô`]Ay]OyáBEy:; [wEyeUhAyáTSyáBEy:`áTFyXkh:¹nEytOpIx]Iy< AwoYy = 40 =
Pw[AyeZhAyAà:[sSyáBEy:XËnwe]hy[Iy: `áTFyæTZSy FwOy>êAvFIyáBEy:]Iy `áTFy áUFy]Iy< êAvFIy]Xø]Iy [oTyeGhEyXr`h:[vo:= `FáUFye]heêAhEyt êAvFIy áBEy:]Iy áTFyXnh:áBEy:TEyáUFy]Iy< AvOZh:=`Aßw:¹nEytTOy]Oy? Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:]Iy BZFyYhSy]Êh AkXy:FhOsEy eUjáTe]h`ZhXkh:¹nEyt OpIxeêAhEy: eOúËnwZ]Iy< VoµAkXy:CSy (TwJwAOy]vo:Tvo)
Awo:AsYyZSy ÌoTyOoX[oTyZ<
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`áTFyXn AYyOEyáBEy:OZh: [Xy:Awo ËnhTi< ]wÓX^oOy[øEy TkAyFx:áBEy:]wÓ eZhAy[wXytXIy< \wIhay¹nEyt ]ÊhOZh:áUEyt Awo:AsYyTi< `]vo:X\Eye]h `Zh\²l TpeHhyáBEy:áUEyt XAwo:AsYyTi¹nEyt<
BZFyYhSy]ÊhAkXy:Fh PsAyeáXhAyZh 20:4-5 ‚`PAy XwoDy:eAhEy:AEy>gEy:; e`hAy`ZTy eáXîAx:eTj>gEy:; eáXîAxe`hAy eZPu>gEy: Ënwe]h`Zh¹nEyt Tvo]°hSyOpe`hEy; ÌoTyOoGEy:OoAwo AwoYy`WwÓX[oTy¹nEyt< ax:XBk\OyXæT¹nEyt `eêAhEy:XpAh:; ]Ey= WoZh:]BEy EiPh\ZWoZh:]Iy; ]Ey> `áTFyËnw]Iy^o Yvo[sYye]hWoZh:; EitAwo XoSy:e]h ]pOwÓ= `Xkwl:`Fay`GAy; OOwY`GAy; FOo²`GAyOwoEye`hEy; `WOwÓ=`áTFyAwo ]h:OwÓ> GTyeT: FxZEye]hWoZh:‛ áUFyeêAhEy:< XhAo 16:6 ‚Pow]pA[Iy:; PwOy[¸yXwSy:eXháBEy: XËnwêA¹nEyt< [Ay\i:Ah:OwoEyXnh ]Oye]h ShHZAyèXw]h: eYÌrAwo ]EyOwÓËnhêA=< @`ZTy>XËnw< `e[hEy:eOhyPh:Zh `ZTyAwo êAIytêAe[ht<‛ VkhQwOy 1:17-18 ‚Pow]pAowEiáXEye]h`Bi; e]XOOy áUFy?eáBeOhyZEy:>[u[kAyeS=< Pow]p]Iy [Aykh [AyeOhyAow Eit`eTj]ÓwOEy[kAy; eêAhAyËôváBEy: XËnw¹nEyt; Ei]Iy `ax:Gov:e]h]p; eShAyGov:e]h]p áUFy=< `]AyËnEye]h]p[Iy:áUFy=< Ei]Iy `ZEy e]]IyáUFy?; AÉh`GAyGAy `]Ay¹nEyt áTIytFov=< XZNh¹nEytXZNh¹owEyEvAow[Iy: Ei`Fow:Z=<‛ ËnEyeYh^Sy 4:24 ‚WoZh:]BEy]Iy Sv\wIhay áUFyeOhyXp=< WoZh:]BEyAwo Awo:AsYye]h]pOwÓ]Iy Sv\wIhay¹nEtygEy:; ]¨h¹nEytgEy: Awo:AsYyZXIy^o Xw¸yeOhyXp=<‛ Xcu 6:33 ‚WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEyEveOhy¹nEyt eáUhEyXOyáBEy: OZh:eOhyAwo eËn:ax:Fsh ËnhêAe[ht< eShAyXn Pwo`ZhXkh:Awo PTy?eT:eOhyXp[ Ovt<
= 41 =
¹nFy 3000[sSyåTx:eShAy Voµ 2 eT; 3:10 ‚`]AyAwo eXúe[khyeF?; eAhEy:XsSye]h Wh]hOZh: AsYyeTkhAy e¸ZAyOwÓAwo eOúáXEyáBEy:Eni; `[woËnwe]h]p]Iy BkwSyOsEy ÌoTyOo¹nEyt SOy\wIhayAow XwXw[øhAwo XeAhEy:e]h`Zh¹nEyt AEy:eF< TpeHhyáBEy: AsYyeáThAyXIy< XwXw¹rOyBXy:[Iy: Xo]hFAh:Awo XeáTheF¹nEyt<‛ AÉh]Iy Xx:Aut]ÓwTpe[hEy? e[hEyA÷Xy:]sh:[wXytXIy<
`áTFyXn AYyOEyáBEy: áV^‰h¹nEyt VoµWh]hOZh:`Z [p]h:Xkh:]Iy eXs:Ush:[håTx:eShAy AvOZh:=`Aßw:¹nEytGowEye]h eAhEy:Xr¹nEytåEwXy:BkXy:áBEy:Aow ZËnwZSy`BsEyt`eZ: XËnw eêAhEy: eUjáTPh:]Iy< áV^‰hOZh:A @W\]Iy `GEytGEytËnweêAhEy: ]sSy ]EyBtuTi]Iy< TPX`GEyt @`GEytOsEy SOyWoZh:]vo:Ti:¹nEyt ]pOwÓ=XwUoZh:Xkh:áUFye]h \xËny¹rw (Vishnu) ]Iy AhAsYyeT:e]h SOyWoZh:; Gx\i (Siva) ]Iy UkAyGx:e]hSOyWoZh:; UsXy]Iy (Phom) USyGEy:e]hSOyWoZh:áUFy]Iy< @SOyWoZh:Xkh:]Iy áV^‰h áUFy]Iy< ]pOwÓ= ShX `F FAh:[ov:Xkh:Aow FoZhXn `sXy (Ohm) áUFy[h]Iy< eËn:[pîAx:Xkh:¹nEyt SOyGZhXkh:]Iy PowFAh:[vo:Aow `]ov:æTAh `FæT? eáThGow [øAyËnwêA]Iy< Pow`Zh]Iy WoZh:]vo:Ti:AwoZIy«òSy:]Iy< áV^‰h]Iy @ WoZh:Xkh:Awo [pOwoEy:eOhEytOeSe]h W\=`áXEytGvo:OsEyOIyËenw ]h áV^‰h WoZh:Xkh:^o YvoêAIyTi]Iy< QoOwY`GEyt áV^‰h=`áXEy`Z @`GEytOsEy [pOFyTwoEy:; eAhEy:AEyOXSyOFyTwoEy:; eAhEy:e]h\wIhay¹nEyt \wIhayGwo:Xkh:; eAhEy:e]hWoZh:Xkh:¹nEyt SOyGwo:Xkh: Ti\Ey]Iy< @`GEyt]Iy `[Yy`GEytáUFy]Iy< OOwY`GEyt @`GEyt]Iy `SwXytGvo:`GEytáUFyåTx: eAkhAyeGhEyXkh:; eOhEyXkh:; áXAy TEyXkh:; ]FyTEyXkh:; OwZw§hSyXkh:¹nEyt [p]h:Xkh:Ti\Ey]Iy< = 42 =
[pOwoEy:]Iy `áXEtyGvo:`GEyt]ÓweZhAy[woêA]Iy< ]wÓe]hy]pOÓw= [oTy eGhEyXrXkh:A `SwXytGvo:`GEyt]wÓ TwÓeGhEy[øAyËnwAh; ]pOwÓXnh:YsEy:Bute]h`Zh Xkh:`OsAy eT:GTyZXIy< PwÓeêAhEyt \Xy:SIy:áBEy:Xn [sOyeáXhAyAh eAhEy: áXOyáBEy:¹nEyt eTkhyËòEyáBEy:]wÓeZhAyËnwZSy XáUFy¹owEyeBk< Pow`Zh]Iy VoµWh]h¹nEyt ^w»mWh]h`OsAyGow[øEy `wTyXAy]h[øEyáUFyTi]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt; PowWh]hOZh:¹nFyBO o sEy eShEyOFyBkwSy> e[hAAwo AYyOEyZSy AYyOEyËnEyOFyTi:ðA[hXIyGwo]Iyt TeZhUAyæTBkAyXkh:eOúZ]Iy< VoµA ‚Pow ]p]Iy ]eWzhîAx:áUFy[wXytXIy ]wÓX^oOy `A÷OyOZh:eT:? eËò`wXyeOhyGx]wÓ TwÓeGhEy[wXytXIy‛ ^o TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< áV^‰hA Pwo]p]Iy TwSyTwSyTi:Ti:[peBkhOFyeYhAyáUFy[wXytXIy< ]p=`XIy Awo BSyBx (Khanki)16 ^o XnIyteBj[wXytXIy^o TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< Pwo]p]Iy `áTFy Ënwe]h]pXkh:Awo OZh:FxZEyZSy Ri:OFy[AyAwoEyeGhEyPh:]Iy< @AÉh TkAy ]Iyt`Bi `]Fye]hAÉhAwo FOEy[wXytXIy< A÷¹oyT] y Iy e]áBEy:; W\Ap:eáThEy:áBEy:Fe]h eXøhy[EytáBEy:XuteS]Iyt W\ ]v]ZhFAyAsEy:Xn [sOyeáXhAyZh[Xy:eOúËnwBute]heêAhEyt `[sSyeAkSTy\Xy: eáXhAyXwTi]Iy< Pow[Xy:]Iy; `áTFy]h:Xkh:AowAYyOEyZSy; eAhEy:AEyXn GEy: ]AyBtue]heYÌrBZFy eXËnwY áUFy]Iy< BZFyeOhy]Iy [voæBve]h Ei=eËò`wXy eOhy áUFy]Iy< A÷¹oyTye]Gvo:BkwSyOsEy eAhEy:AEy]wÓ TwÓeGhEy[wXytXIy<
“TIhËnew ]h]p [woAZy h`]Ay[Xy:]Iy e`hAy`ZTy; XZNh¹woEEy vXn [òueËnhEy?; `PAy]wÓ TweÓ GhEyOOy=<” (]o³vAkXy: 15:24)
16
Comparison of Religions, page 504 (Thai Edition).
= 43 =
`BSy: (8) Voµ=]sSy]EyáBEy:]Iy `WYy]wÓ eXn:XnwSy[wXyXt IySIy:<
“]Êh]OwËenw ]h]p]Iy `XrAwo eáXhyXEy? ToSy:eSOOy=< fNyOwXye]h]pXpAh: `Fay`OwEo y:]sh:? `Xr¹nEyt eOúOOy=<” Voµ= ]sSy]EyBkAy eXn:XnwSyáBEy:< Voµ]Iy X^hBiGhUheQZh (Maha Kassapathera) Aow ]sSy]Eye]h`Bi ‚êAIytTi; Ei=]sSy]EyBkAyOwÓ]Iy OFy¹nFyåTx:OFy¹nFy; ]OwXXpFh:]vo:AoSye]h `Fh:`FhAut]Ów OFFx eXn:XwnSy[wXytXIy<‛ VoµAkXy:CSy `SyOhBiPSy-BwoPhZSy SxBEow y (Anthakathaang-Khutaranikay), `TwoEy: (1); FhXkAy¹nh 41 OsEy TkAyFx: áBEy:OZh: Ei:Ti:Awo eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy<17 1< VoµOZh:Awo [woAye[øhAye]h]pXkh: `h:SIy:áBEy:< 2< AkEytêAvXr eXn:XnwSyáBEy:< 3< áTIytFvoáBEy:¹nEyt`Akwl: eXn:XnwSyáBEy:< 4< [p= ]¸yËnEy:Xr eXn:XnwSyáBEy:< 5< Voµ= [£NhXkh: eXn:XnwSyáBEy:< VoµA EZuËnFyPTyËnweêAhEy:; AkEyt\OyGYyTi:Awo X[woAyShe]h]pXkh:]Iy PwEo ZuPu]wÓ AkeZhAy[wXytXIy^o e^hBut]Iy< PowEZuËnFyPTyOsEy Tpe¹s:e]h; Tpe[hEye]h; e`:Bue]h ^p? `GEytGEytËnweêAhEy: e^hBut]Iy< XwXw\Xy:Fh`OsAy EitAwo eZhEy:Fh:XIyt VoµWh]h\Ey e[:Xßw:; Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyOFyBoOsEyeShAyGvo:BkwSyOsEy ‚WoSy:îAx:; ]x[ËnEy; QAhîAx:; 17
This portion was taken from a book in the temple Phra Sing in Chiangmai with the permission of Phra Srivisouthivong, who lives in Bangkok. He certified that this book is correct according to the old manuscript of the th chief of the village, 29 edition, examined on October 12, in the year of 2497 of the Buddhist calendar.
= 44 =
QAhXOwÓ]Iy ]pOwÓ`]AyËnEyeZ:`OsAy EitAwo eZhEy:Fh:[wXytXIy‛18 ^o e^hBut ]Iy< VoµÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh:AwoeFk:AsAyOsEyOEy? eZhEy:Fh:Ah `eShAy¹woEyEvPw TEyeZhAyË] nw sh:eêAhEy:`h:[vo:`]wáUFy]Iy< WSyeAhAyèXO w sEyËnwe]h `xXZh[y WoSyîAx:eAkhEy:`Sx:Ënw QieOhEyWoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:]Iy VoµÌoTTy sh:eOhyXkh: eZhEy: \Yye]heSZháUFy]Iy< ]Ey¹nFy]Ay]Iyt`ZhAwo \YyYp¹woEy]Iy< `BßÖwe]h WoSy:îAx:Xkh:]Iy ]pOÓw=ÌoTyOoXkh:AwTo Ey eZhEy:ZSy`OsAyPsEy:Poe[tËnwêA]Iy< Voµe^heáThBut]Iyt`OwoEy: VoµOZh:FFyFFyXnh eXn:XnwSyBtue[åTx< Voµ`Oo¹nEty VoµRe[tPvo:Fv]h AkSyZFyTi]Iy< VoµOZh:Aow eFteFtFTyFTy e[t[he]h]p]Iy `XnSyOZh:Aow ]wËnwSh:[IyAh; @`ZhXkh: `XnSyTEy áUFyáTAyBtueêAhEy:¹nEyt áUFyTkAyeSGu áUFyeêAhEy: eOúËnw[wXytXIy< 1990 Bo¹nFyOsEy PwoEy:¹woEyEv]wÓ]sh:eZhAy[IyTOyFay; e[h[pXßw:]pEYyBkEy: OFyax:¹nEyt VoµWh]hOZh:¹nEyt ]AyGowEye]hFh`oTyXkh:PuXn OFy`oTyAwo \YyYpBut åTx: PoweFk:OSy:> [nIyt[IyêAIytÌrButêA]Iy< OFyeSZhOsEy eFk:]Iy`Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax:A e`hyîAx:^FyAkYy eêAáEh? WoZh:ÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh: eZhEy:eS]IyAwo eOúBut]Iy< Pwo`Xßw:]Xx:Pv]sh:? @]wÓ eX:áXSy:ButêATi]Iy< ‚`eQjîAx: QxVoµÌoTyOoA WYy[woeAhEy:Oh[u<‛ `eQjîAx:A ‚`wo: OAYyAwo eAhEy:TiOYy< QxÌoTyOoAwo eGhEyPh:ZEy [woOZeFTiOYy‛ A÷¹oyTyA áTSyOFyBi PTy? ‚OAYyeAhEy:][h: `eQjîAx:‛ ^o eX: [woAyTi]Iy< Pwo`Bi `eQjîAx:A `]vAkYyAkYyáUEyt ‚OAYyeAhEy:TiOYy GZh; XYvo[øEy FXy:êAIytTi‛ ^o eáTh? XZXA \YyBwoEy:Ti]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt A÷¹yoTyA; ‚QiGwo ÌoTyOoAwo BNFXy:AwoEyTiZeF‛ ^o BsEyteOhEy:åTx: `]vAkYyAkYyáUEyt ‚@ÌoTyOo]Iy GwoEyËnEyeáTh]Iyt`OwoEy: `XnSyTEy [woOZeF [øEy @ÌoTyOoAwo `BXutZ[woTi=‛ ^o GoeOhEy:[woAy]Iy< Pow`Bi GwoEyËnEy`Xßw:]Xx:A ‚`ow X^oOyTiWp:; `[Ah:eOht XZ¹woEyTiWp:; WOy 400 OSyTiOYy‛ ^o áTSyeáThTi]Iy< ]ÔAow PowÌoTyOoáTSyeT:Ah; ‚`BXut XZZEy QxÌoTyOoA OSyBwo:XËnwWp:‛ ^o áTSyeáThButTi]Iy< VoµATeZhUAyæT]Iyt `OwoEy: VoµAow Xnh:YsEy:Fsh; `]AyeXs:\Xy:eAkhEy:`OsAy VoµÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh:Awo Po[oTyeZhEy:Bke[tËnwêA]Iy< 18
Ibid.
= 45 =
ÌoTyTsi:eOhyXkh:]Iy XTkAyFx:¹owEye]h`ZhXkh: X^oOyeT< eFk:]Iy=FAh: eêAhEyt eAhEy:e]h`ZhAut]wÓ PEyXnOyZáBEy:]háUFy]Iy< @Aut]ÓweáThGwoáBEy:eêAhEyt ÌoTyOoXkh:Awo ¹nFy]Aye]h]pXkh:]Iy A÷¹oyTyAow XoSy:Ox:êAXIyáUFy]Iy< ]Ówe]hy; Pwow`ZhAwo YvoêAIye[:Fh:]pXkh: ]OwæT ¹rw:êAh:eFZSy eáThZáBEy:áUFy]Iy< ÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh:Aow `]ov:XæTe]h]pXkh: `OsAy[Iy: ]OwæTZSy `eZ:îAx:[neT]Iy< OSyBow:]Iy PowÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh:> Ënw]Iy X^oOyeT< Pow`ZhXkh:Aow Po?eZhEy:e]h]pXkh:= ¹rOyFAh:>]h Ënw ]Iy< PowFAh:Xkh:Aow `XnSyPEyAh YováBEy:`h:áUEy ÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh:OSyBow:Ënw]Iy ^o PEyZáBEy:]h[øEyáUFy]Iy< PowÌoTyOoXkh:]Iy `Akwl:XËnweêAhEy:; XeAhEy:eêAhEy: TsEytTsEyt[Ey:[Ey: eáTh e]hy[Iy: [pXkh:]Iy ]h[sSye]hOSyBwo:Awo OTyXAyêAe]heêAhEyt Sh:X\Ey êAeT< ÌoTyOoeZhEy:]pXkh:A ÌoTyOo`]vo:æT]pXkh: [woAyShZSy FIy:AXy:]vo:BoAwo `îAwXyîAwXy `BiBieáThTi]Iy< PwoFIy:AXy:Awo [woAyShXn]h `Akwl:Ënw[wXytXIy^o [Iy:eáThTi]Iy< PwoFIy:AXy:]vo:BoXnh 1< FXy:êAIytáBEy: XæTZ< 2< ÌrTyBkáBEy: XæTZ< 3< Oh:áXFye]h eSZh]wÓ YpeGhEyáBEy: XæTZ< aTXh; `wXy]h; `\Oy [nXy:íAw:e`hAy; `wXye`hAy< @FIy:AXy:BkAyXkh:A ÌoTyOoXeAhEy:eêAhEy:Awo ËnEy:[Ey:FsheUhyáTeSTi ]Iy< `XnSyOAYy OSyBwo:XËnwe]hy[Iy: \YyYpêA]Iy< PwoFIy:AXy:BkAyXkh: `Z gEy:]Iy [voæBvXrXËnweêAhEy:; `XnSyOAYy OSyBwo:XËnweêAhEy: ]wËnw¹woEyTi]Iy< `AYy? eFk:]IyXkh:A ‚PwoÌoTyOoXkh:A OSyBwo:XËnwTi; XeAhEy:Ti‛ ^o eáTh e]hy[Iy: A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy ¹nFyeTiEy:Xkh:Fsh Awo:AsYyButêAe]heêAhEyt; OTyXAy FwOyËnwêAe]heêAhEyt; ]h[sSye]hOSyBwo:AwoZ[woe]heêAhEyt; `]AyeW: `ºhZhYyXn [sOyeáXhAy[owe]heêAhEyt gEy:Awo YvoêAIyêA]Iy<
“Ph\ZWoZh:Awo eêAhAyËeôv ]h]eWh]Iy `]Ay OhAwo ËnIyeFOOy=<” ]o³vAkXy: 10:27
= 46 =
`BSy: (9) eXËnwY= ¹owEEy veOhy WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEEy veOhy]Iy OwoEy:áTIyOFyáTIy ]wXÓ ^oOy OwAo yîAx:OFyOowAy Aut]XwÓ ^oOyWu; `A¸y`]OyXËnw< `[s¸y`[sSy îAx:Xh:AkYyáT¸y[nTi]Iy< WoZh:]BEy> [pXkwl:; ¹woEyEv; `GEy`t OSy:BsuáBh:Ph:áBEy: XËnew T< “`]FyOFyUSyeXs:Ush:áBEy: XBve]h]p]Iy WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEEy veOhyAwo XeOúáXEy ¹wEo yeT< \wIhayeOhy> ¹nFáy BEy:XCz[hBvYpe]h]p]h[øEy WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEEy v eOhyAow \EyFh:¹wEo y]Iy<” (ËnEyeYh^Sy 3:3-5)
e[h[pXßw:Xkh:= TvoáTEyXn eXËnwY= ¹wEo yEveOhy ‚eXZnwY eXs:Ush:[he]h`Bi ¹woEyEveOhy]IyîAx:Tsh:? `FheZFh eTi Xkh:[wXytXIy< `[Ey:eOhAyT[wXytXIy< [Xy:BZx:Xkh:eBkheXú[wXytXIy< Ph\ ZOIyËnw[wXytXIy< GEy:Zu; BkXy:]háBEy:XËnwWu `OpOpTEy BkXy:]hêA[wXytXIy< @¹woEyEveOhy]Iy AÉhîAx:XGvo:XnxOowEye`hEy eTkhAyAsYy]sh:[wXytXIy X^oOy eT< Pwo`BkwSyOsEy [pXkh:]Iy WoZh:]vo:Ti:¹nEyt eAhEy:AEyWvo; SwÆhSyWvoAwo Ënh eUsêA[wXytXIy<‛19 AÉheTjOsEy XIy]Iyt eSZhOsEy eSPwoEyêA]IyáUFyeF; XIy]wÓe]h[pXkh:TEyáUFyêATieF; BZFyeOhyeYÌrAow YvoêAIy? XwXw`]AyOh> \EyBsEytæT[øEy `]Fye]h `]AyOh¹nEyt `]Fye]h¹woEyEveOhyáUFy[h[wXytXIy< FwoAyTßw:e]h`ZhXkh:¹nEyt Oow:OAyeZ:[oTyESy:Xkh:OÓwAow WoZh:]BEyeAhEy:Bkx: eT:? ðAYy\BkXy:]hAh Owo:OAye]h¹woEyEváUFy[wXytXIy< @]wÓáUFyZáBEy:Xnh WoZh:]BEyAwo XwXw`]AyOh>e]hy[Iy:eAhEy:; ¹owEyEveOhy`h:áUEyte]hy [Iy:eAhEy:; [AyBv YovêAIyêAe]heêAhEytáUFy]Iy<
WoZh:]BEyAow X]we]h W\`]Ay]h]Iy TkAyFx:[wXytXIy< eáXîAx:]Iy eáBhAye]úAh EOyXsOyáBEy:eW:QNy¹nEyt GEy:ZuáBEy:]Ów eZhAy[wXytXIy< @]Ów áUFy 19
The prophecy of the legend about Messiah and His land was taken from the memory of Kam May Thammavongsa, a former monk. He decided to believe in God by accepting Jesus Christ as his Savior after he finished his study. He assured me that this Jesus Christ is Messiah that Buddha said would come after his time.
= 47 =
ZáBEy:]Iy WoZh:]BEyA eAhEy:Bkx:XCz[hAwo áTSy[IyÌoTy]wXy:]sh:e]heêAhEyt áUFy]Iy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy @`eêAhEy:`ZhAwo ]we]heêAhEyt AÉheáXîAx:]Iy eAhEy:Bkx:XCz[h¹nEyt ðAYy\? åEwXy:BkXy:e]h ¹woEyEveOhyáUFyZSy eXøhy[EytZ]Iy< AÉheTj> åEwXy:BkXy:áBEy:¹nEyt ðAYy\BkXy:]háBEy:áTIy\t eFZSyXnh eXËnwY`ËnEy BZFyeOhyeYÌrWoZh:Awo [AyBváBEy:; áEEy:TYyáBEy:`eTjOsEy XpOIy]Iy< BZFy eOhyAwo A÷¹oyTyOÓw áEEy:TYy[øEy ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> XnOyOXy:OEyBute]h Cà:[pXßw:Xkh: Aut]Ów áUFyêA[wXytXIy< WoZh:]BEy= ¹owEyEveOhy SYySwXwOy WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEyEveOhy]Iy [Ôe[hA¹woEyEvXkh:Aut]wÓ SYySwXwOy A¸y]Oy Ph:áBEy:XËnwWu; `[sSyTEyîAx:Xh:AkYyáT¸ye]h ¹woEyEveOhyáUFy]Iy< XIy]p áUFyeF; XIy]IytAh[>áUFyeF; XIy]IyteSZh>áUFyeF BZFyeOhyAwo ¹n[vo:]h:Pu Xn YvoêAIy[AyBve]h]p]Iy BZFyeOhy=[p áUFyBsEytZ? WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEyEveOhy OsEy Ph\ZFwo:FvZ[wXytXIy< WoZh:]BEy= ¹owEyEveOhy> eSBsEytZe]h]p]Iy @ e[hAOsEyáUFyeF; [hXIytAÉhOsEyáUFyeF eXøhy[EytáBEy:ËnwTi]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt BZFyeOhyA ‚¹woEyEveOhy¹nEyteáUhEytXOyáBEy:‛ Awo ax:FshËnheUsZSy ]OweT:Ph:Ti ]Iy< eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEveOhyAwo Ënh? \Eye]h]pOoEw y:Awo WoZh:]BEy]Iy AOw Ph:eOhyXp]Iy`OwoEy: eAhEy:Bkx:eT:]Sh:[wXytXIy< (Xcu 6:33)< BZFyeOhy ]Iy; ËnEyeYh^Sy 3:5-7 OsEy ]Ô`h:[AyBvYvoêAIy? `]FyOUSy eXs:Ush:áBEy: Bve]h]p]h[øEy eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEveOhy]wÓ \EyFh:Z[wXytXIy^o eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy<
“eáUhEyXt Oye]h]pOwÓ]Iy áTIyeOhy>eS?; Fvo[Eye]h]pO]wÓ Iy eSZhAkêA[wXytXIy< `RÊ[pOXwÓ pAh:; áTIyeOhyXn TYyËnEy:áBEy:; [sSyAà:e]h]pOwÓ]Iy ¹rOyTFyáBEy:Awo BvZêA[wXXyt Iy<” ]o³vAkXy: 2:21-22<
= 48 =
`BSy: (10) ]Ey]Iy `sWYy[Xy:e[øhAyeSTi]SIy:< eAhEy:AEy[Xy:]Iy ÌrTey Ps: Akay:eáXhEy:]Iy< ]wÓe]hy EZu[Xy:]Iy eBkheXú]Iy< e[h[pXßw:Xkh:= FAh:Tvo<
“eYÌrA Ei]Iy [Xy:BZx:áUFy=< ]ÊhOZh:[Iy: áUFy=< `]Ay[Iy:áUFy=< EitAw`o XnXx æT[øEy `WYy]pXø BXIy:eOhyPv]ÓXw eZhAyZ<” ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6<
e[hAOsEy [p]h:`h:[vo:`OsAy [Xy:¹nFy]sYy]hËnw]Iy< ]Ey]Iy `WYy[Xy:e[øhAyeSTi]SIy:<
Pow[Xy:¹nFy]sYyXnh; eAhEy:e]h[Xy:¹nEyt Gwo:e]h[Xy:OwÓáUFy]Iy< eAhEy: e]h[Xy:]Iy WoZh:]BEy=[Xy:áUFy]Iy< Gwo:e]h[Xy:]Iy FhOSy=[Xy: áUFy]Iy< @[Xy:¹nFy]sYy= `Gvo:XnhXp XOpIxeT< WoZh:]BEy= eAhEy:e]h [Xy:]Iy [p]h:Xkh:`h: eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv]wÓ TwÓeGhEy]Iy< Gwo:e]h[Xy:]Iy EZu]wÓ TwÓeGhEy]Iy< @[Xy:¹nFy]sYy`eêAhEy:Awo VoµWh]h¹nEty BZFyYhSyWh ]hOwÓOsEy ËnEy:áTPh:Ti]Iy< Voµ= FAh:eOhy< VoµWh]hOZh:OsEy
“eAhEy:e]h`ZhAwo [oTyTi; eAhEy:e]h`ZhAwo ZËnw[Xw ytXIy< Gwo:e]h`ZhAwo [oTyTi; Gw:o e]h`ZhAwo [AyBvZËnw[wXXyt Iy< eËò:BkYyZSyXnhXp ]Ey`eTj XpOIy]Iy<” e[h[pXßw:Xkh:¹nEtyeYWoYkVoµWh]h\EyOwÓ]Iy @]sSy]EyBkAyOÓwAwo AkAy XnOyêA]Iy< A÷¹oyTyBZFyYhSyOFyax:áUFy[he]h`Bi @]sSy]EyBkAy= `RwÄhYy Awo e[:e[:SAySAySh:[IyButTi]Iy< Voµ]Iy[pOwÓAwo eAhEy:e]h]pXkh:áUFy [hZSy]sSy]Ey]Iy< ]Ey[oTyeGhEy]Xø ]EyáTSy[Iy BvFh:Z[wXytXIy^o Sh: [IyButZTi]Iy< = 49 =
`RwA]sSy]EyBkAyXnh e[hA> [Xy:¹nFy]sYyËnweêAhEy:áUFy]Iy< @[Xy: ¹nFy]sYyXnh e[hA[p]h:Xkh: çBEy:BkAyXËnw [woAye[øhAyêAe]h [Xy:¹nFy]sYy áUFy]Iy< [p]h:Xkh:]Iy OFy[Xy:X^oOy OFy[Xy:> e[øhAyZXIy< XIy]Iyt [Xy:Xn Xe[øhAyBkEy^o áEEy:TYy?XZTi< ]Ówe]hy; XIy]pXGwo XwXwe[øhAy[woe]h [Xy:Awo [sOy[TyFsh eËò:BkYyTowEyBsEytËnw]Iy< `RÛXOowAyOsSy:áBEy:; `áBh:]p`Fh: e[øhAyáBEy:XËnwWu; XwXw]eWh`Z e[øhAy¹owEy]Iy< XIy]Iyt[Xy:OsEye[øhAyTieF; eShAyGvo:OsEy WoZh:]BEy= `Gvo:`áUOy Aow BvZXIy< [p`h:áUEyt Gvo:áUOyZSy X^oOyeT< ]Ówe]hy [pOwoEy:> eËò:BkYyTwoEyBsEyt Ënw]Iy< ]EyeËò:BkYye]h[Xy:]Iy eAhEy:AEy ]ÓXw ^oOy[øEy EZuáUFyXIyXnh e]Bkh]Iy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy W\`OsAy XnSyASye]h[Xy:Awo eËò:BkYyZSy `eZ: îAx:]Iy< `WYyteêAhEytGwoe]hy A÷¹oyTyOwÓ= W\]Iy PwoeËò:BkYyXr`eTjOsEy Xp OIyTi]Iy< ‚eAhEy:e]h`ZhAwo [oTyTi; eAhEy:e]h`ZhAwo ZËnwXIy< Gwo:e]h`Zh Awo[oTyTi; Gwo:e]h`ZhAwoZËnwXIy<‛ ^pe]h Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXnh XnSyASyTi]Iy< Voµ]Iy [p]h:Xkh:`h: eXøhy[EytáBEy: AEy:Xute]hW\Awo XeËò:BkYyXweFZSy; ]Ow XXpWu `Xnh:XæTXweFZSy; `hÌovFwoAy?]OwæTZSy ]OweT:ButTi]Iy< Voµ]Iy A÷¹oyTy OwW Ó \`]AyOh> [Xy:¹nFy]sYyËnwZhXn XnSyASye]h[Xy:Awo eËò:BkYyZSy; [woAy e[øhAyZSy OowAyOsSy:But]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:FheOhy BZFyYhSyAkXy:Fh>[Iy: [p]h:`h:[vo: [woAye[øhAyZSy [Xy:¹nFy]sYy ËnweêAhEy: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy @[Xy:¹nFy]sYyXn OFy[Xy:Awo eËò: BkYyZXIy< AÉhax:AkXy: 2:15-17 OsEy @[Xy:¹nFy]sYyAwo eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< TPX[Xy:Xnh WoZh:]BEyA [woAye[øhAyZSy TIOyPh:e]h[Xy:áUFy]Iy< QoOwY[Xy:Xnh Oh:áXFyPh:e]h[Xy:áUFy]Iy< @[Xy:¹nFy]sYy= `Gvo:> [woAy e[øhAyZáBEy:= `Aßw:Awo BvFh:Z[wXytXIy< AÉhax:AkXy: 3:1-7 > [p]Iy WoZh:]BEyBsEytæTe]h[Xy:Awo eËò:BkYyXIyt `Fh: Oh:áXFyPh:e]h[Xy:AwoeËò:BkYBy uteêAhEy:eOúZ]Iy< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy GAy [Ay? FhOSy=[Xy:AwoeËò:BkYey SêA]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt BÀhAwoYy¹nEyt \wIhay]Iy `áTFyP] u ÓwAkeZhAy? Qo£áTcSh¹nEyt e]áBEy:> `FayAkeZhAyeSButêA]Iy< @Aut]wÓáUFyeSFayOsEy; WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:Awo [kFy[àXÌrWu A÷¹oyTy OwÓ`h: ]ÔPváTSy[hZSy [Xy:OFyBoáTEyGEyeT:ButTi]Iy< Pow[Xy:]Iy BZFyeOhy = 50 =
eYÌrTEyáUFyTi]Iy< WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p`BýwAwo eËò:BkYy? ]Êh]FyAkXy:Awo eZ: BwoEy:But]Iy< PowAkXy:FhOsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy [Xy:BZx:áUFyeêAhEy: eUhyáTPh: Ti]Iy< ‚eYÌrA Ei]Iy [Xy:BZx:áUFy=< ]ÊhOZh:[Iy:áUFy=< `]Ay[Iy: áUFy =< EitAwo `XnxXæT[øEy `WYy]pXø BXIy:eOhyPv]wÓ XeZhAyZ‛ ^o GowPh:]Iy; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6)< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> BZFyeOhy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:`h:[vo:Awo `áTFyEZuXn AYyOEy ZSy OFyBoOIy:e]h[Xy:áUFyeêAhEy: ]sSy]EyPh:Ti]Iy< Pow[Xy:=`Gvo:> [p ]h:Xkh:]Iy WoZh:]BEyAwo eOúáXEy? eAhEy:AEyWvo]Ów \EyFh:Z[wXytXIy< PwÓ`áTEy ]ÊhAkXy:FhA BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo [AyBváBEy:áUEyt `áBh:e]h `ZhXkh:FshAwo[Iy: [AyBvZËnwXIyáUFyeêAhEy: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< ËnEyeYh^Sy 1:12; ‚Pow]pAwo [AyBv]Xøe]h]pOIy:^pe]h AwoYyeOhy Awo YvoêAIy]pOÓw`h:; WoZh:]BEy=]h: áUFyZe]h`BsEytAwo eT:eOhyXp=<‛ ËnEyeYh^Sy 5:24; ‚Ei`XnSy`ASyGwo]IyAh:; EitFAh:Awo Sh:ePhEy? EitAwoeF[sOyeOhyXpe]h]pAow YvoêAIye]h]p]Iy Ph\Z`]AyAwo Z]IyáUFy? `áTFyFxZEyáBEy:XBvZ< e]áBEy:Xn `]AyËnEyáBEy:]wÓ Ap:eáXhAye]h]páUFy=<‛ ËnEyeYh^Sy 3:16; ‚WoZh:]BEy= ]h:eOhyAwo YvoêAIye]h]p`eTiEy: OwÓ]Iy TkAyFx:áBEy:]wÓXeZhAy; Ph\Z`]AyAwo ZeFáBEy:Eni; WoZh:]BEy]Iy XwXw > OFyTi:OIy:e]h]h:eOhyAwo Fs¸yeOhyXp]IytOowEye`hEy e[hAx]h:OwÓAwo BkFy eOhyXp=<‛ VkhQwOyAkXy: 20:15; ‚`]AyFheFhEy> FhZEy:X\Eye]h]pËnw]XøAwo Xx: `woEyPu]wÓ BkTFye[=<‛ @AkXy:BkAXy kh:Xn WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:Awo BZFyeOhyeYÌreShAy [woAyZSy `[woËnweêAhEy:]wËnwSh:[IyZTi]Iy< BZFyeOhy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:Awo WoZh:]BEyPv TwÓeGhEyeT:e]h OFyBoOIy:e]h[Xy: áUFy]Iy< OXSyeOhy 4:12; ‚Pwo]BEy=ShXeOhyXnOTi:; EiOwÓAow AYyOEy¹woEye]h ShX OFyFvoOFyBoXø eAhEy:AEye`hAy [pOÓwOsEy XeTjXËnw^o eTOÌo]Iy Pwo]pOwÓ `h:çXOyGwo=<‛ PÓweêAhEyt A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy OvÓGwoEy:XeSWu BZFyeOhyeYÌreShAy [woAyZSy áTOy]h:Fsh Gvo:áUOyBkAyBk]Eyt]Iy<
= 51 =
Voµ]Iy [Xy:BZx:X^oOyTi< VoµA ]p]Iy [p]h:Xkh:eFhEyteXøhyeS]p X^oOyeêAhEy:¹nEyt [p]h:Xkh: [woAye[øhAyZSy[Xy:BZx: X^oOyeêAhEy: `e]`BkheáTháTButTi]Iy< ]ÔeShAyXn ðA[hXIyt]p]h ‚e]áBEy:¹nEty áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy: ]v]ZhXn `A÷OyOZh:]wÓ TwÓ eGhEyeT:XIyt]páUFyeêAhEy:‛ eáTháTButTi]Iy< VoµA Pow[Xy:BZx:Awo «òSyáT]páUFy ]Iy< Voµ= ]sSy]EyáBEy:]Iy áTSy[IyOIytXOyeT:áBEy:; ]ÓwX^oOy TwOyPh:e]h `ZhAwoUsEyt^eT:áBEy:; ]ÓwX^oOy eTkhAyGvo:e]h`ZhAwoeUhyáTeT:áBEy:; ]ÓwX^oOy `eXnhEyPu> Xx:`wXy¹nEyt[Xy:e[øhAyáBEy:; ]ÓwX^oOy XkAyFweAhEy:e]h]p YvoêAIy ¹owEyZSyXø]h áUFy]Iy<20 Voµ]Iy A÷¹oyTyOwÓ e[øhAyZXIyt[Xy:BZx:¹nEyt eFhEyteXøhye]h]p X^oOye]h eêAhEyt [pOwoEy:]Iy eAhEy:e]h`[oTyAow[oTy? eShEyOFyBkwSy> ðA[hXIyt eXËnwYAYyOEyËnEyAwo eFhEyteXøhyZêAXIy< AÉht]XwoEy:`Z VoµAsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy ¹nFyeTiEy: 543 ¹nFy `êAhOsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌr e[hA>eXs:UsháBEy:Awo BvYpBut]Iy< BZFyeOhyeYÌr`OsAy; eXs:Ush:BváBEy:]Iy W\=`F X^oOyeT< AkXy:FhOsEy BZFyeOhy]Iy `Zh`h:[vo:=Xp[`F¹nEty WoZh:áUFyeêAhEy: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< (ËnEyeYh^Sy 8:58)< VoµA BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy eXËnwYáUFyeêAhEy: eUhyáT]Iyt `Bi ‚]p]Iy Eit`ZEyËnw? EiteShAyXn [he]h]páUFy]Iy;‛21 ^o eáThBut]Iy< BZFyeOhyeYÌreShAy [woA[ y owe]h]p]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy WoZh:áUFy eêAhEy:]wËnwZXIy< Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyOsEy X¥ËnFyTi:=`BkAy `BSy: 1 ¹nEyt 8 OsEy Qo£áTcShXkh: eTkhAyAsYyXIyt[Xy:`eêAhEy: e^heáThButTi]Iy< `Zh`h: [vo:Awo XnSyASye]h `áXEyáUEytFOEyAh ]Êh]OwáUEyt `Gvo:]OyZXIy^o e^hBut ]Iy< PÓweShAy A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy e`hEyáXEy[wXytXIy< PowSIy:Op BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo YvoêAIyAwo:Fh:[øEy ]p=]ÊhOZh:Awo ]wZXIy< FwOy¹n[vo:Ti[øAy [owAye[øhAy [øEy A÷¹yoTyOÓw [woBkEye]h e`hEyáXEyXrXkh:Awo ZËnw[wXytXIy<
“[pPEy]Iy`OwoEy: XnSye]h [£NhËnew ]hy[Iy: `Gvo:> e]áBEy:]wÓ TwÓe]h [Xy:OFyXkwl:Ënw=<” ]o³vAkXy: 14:12 20
The Prophecy from the Mouth of Buddha, by A. P. Page 505 and other
pages.
21
Book of Buddha (Tri Pi Dok, Thai Edition) Book 27, page 23.
= 52 =
`BSy: (11) e]áBEy:OZh:=eShAyXhn eXøhy[Eyát BEy:ËnwTi][h:< VoµWh]h= ]sSy]EyBkAy`Z
PsAyåTx:[øEy `áTSy[Xy:XËn<w `wTyFAyåTx:[øEy ¹ow:PáBEy:XËnw< AsYy[sSyåTx:[øEy ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy:XËn;w [sOy[Xy:XËn<w 22 BZFyeOhy>
e]áBEy:Xn ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAy¹woE]y Iy< OUSy¹wo:P[wXXyt Iy< ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy:Ën]w Iy<[sOyeáXhAyZSy AYyOEyáBEy:Ënw]Iy< W\= îAx:Xh:e]h eXøhy[EytBkAy [p]h:Xkh:`h:[vo:= îAx:Xh:e]h eXøhy[EytBkAyOFyBoXnh OX[sSW y \OsEy Two?eAhEy:XsSye]hW\Awo ËnheUseOúËnwZSyáUFy]Iy< e[hA>Ënwe]hWh]hOZh: OwoEy:OsEy @eXøhy[EytáBEy:`OsAy XOpIxe]h`eáUXkh:Ënw]Iy< `Pp:]áUEyt `îAx: Xh:Gvo:Wh]hOZh:Xkh:áUFye]h VoµWh]h¹nEty BZFyYhSyWh]hOwÓáUFy]Iy< XOpIxe]heXøhy[EytáBEy:Xkh:Awo e`hAyTi`OwoEy:eOúZ]Iy< VoµWh]h> AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy W\=eXøhy[EytBkAy; e]áBEy:]Iy e[:SAye]h [ølÖw\nAyBkAyáUFy]Iy; ÌrTyePs:]Iy< @e[hA OsEy [p]h:Xkh:]Iy XkAyASy:TXh `]AyËnEyêAZ]Iy< `Pp:]áUEyt A÷¹oyTyOwÓ e[h[pXkwl:Xkh:]Iy e]áBEy:OZh:=eShAy> XIy]áÓw UFyTkAy[hXIyAwoX]w Sh: X[IyêAeT< VoµWh]hOZh:= ]sSy]EyBkAy`Z ‚`ZhZhOwoEy:¹nEyt [p]h:OwowEy: ]Iy OFyFvoOFyBo= ]SyFsXy:e]h(OSyBwo:îAx:e]h) BsSy`h:OFyBoeêAhEyt áUFyeTj [h]Iy^o BvYpêA]Iy<‛ VoµA `áTFy=OSyBwo:; AvêAÊheêAhEytáUFy]Iy ^o OZh:\Ey eUhyáTBut]Iy< @]wÓeUhyáTZáBEy:Xnh W\]v]Zh[IyTOyeSáBEy:¹nEyt 22
Oral Tradition.
= 53 =
áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:Aow BvYpe]heêAhEytáUFy]Iy< PwÓeêAhEty VoµWh]h\EyXkh: ]Iy e]áBEy:OZh:=eShAy> W\Ap:eáThEy:áBEy:BvZSy `BsEyt`eZ:Ënw? @e[hA ]w[ Ó Iy:eAhEy:; [h[O•Ùve]he[hA]Ów[Iy:eAhEy: áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:BvAh eZhAyËnw[wXytXIy^o eXøhy[EytêA]Iy< ]Ey]Iy áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:BvZe]h`Bi WháUFy[hXIy; `WYy]wÓe]hBÀhAwoYyXkwl:¹nEyt WYy`GEyt>ËnwXIy F]Iyt`Zh `h:[vo:]Iy @W\> ]Ey=[oTyeGhEyXrXkh:¹nEyt ]Eye[øhAy[Xy:e]h[Xy: `eTjXnh XpOIyTi]Iy< VoµAkXy:CSyOsEy eAhEy:e]h]p ]wÓX^oOy XeAhEy:e]h]p áUFy[hZáBEy:Xnh eXs:Ush:ZhXn X^oOyWu; `OwOyW\=AvOZh:áUFy]Iy^oGow]Iy< `OwOA y v eêAhEyt [Yy]Xh:; TIhËnEy; AoSy]Iy; A÷Sy; ]pBwo:; FFy]h:; WoZEyF]áUEyt áUFy [hZ]Iy< e[hAOsEy `ZhZhOowEy:]Iy `OwOyAvêAÊh= `Akwl:Z[QyXkh: ]h áUFy]Iy< ]³\i`h:[vo:]Iy Wx:Aut]wÓe]hAvOZh:= ]v]ZhFAyAsEy:> BkIey ¹nhEyáBEy:BvZêA]Iy< AvOZh:=`Aßw:GAyAwo Sh:[IyZSy VoµA e`hAyTi `OwoEy: e^hButTi]Iy<23 1< `]AyOwoZáBEy:]Iy `OwOyW\OsEy OwZw§hSyXkh:= `]AyAwo]Oy e]heêAhEytáUFy]Iy< `]AyËnIyZáBEy:]Iy OwZw§hSy`]Ay X]OyBtu e]heêAhEyt áUFy]Iy< 2< eZhCiSIy:Ti:e]h]p]Iy OwZw§hSyXkh:AowX¹nwTyFAyBtue]heêAhEyt áUFy ]Iy< eZhCiPpe]h]p]Iy OwZw§hSyXkh:Awo¹wTn yFAyBtue]heêAhEyt áUFy ]Iy< 3< FwOyGwo:?A[utFh:eBkBetu ]h]p]Iy ÌoTyGwo:Z]Iy< FwOyXGwo:; A[utFh:XeBkBtu]pXnh [nTeBkhZ]Iy< 4< `OwOyW\Xnh XSh[wo\SyOwoBute]h]p]Iy ZhPp:AkÌpv:Z]Iy< ]pOTi:Awo eAhEy:XsSyFsh GAyGvBetu ]h]p]Iy ZhPp:áXEytZ]Iy< 5< eT:AXy:áBEy: XËnwBute]heêAhEyt GEy:ZuZ]Iy< eT:AXy:ZAyeZhBute]heêAhEyt BkXy:]hZ]Iy< 6< `OwOyW\Xnh \iðAh:Bute]heêAhEyt `GEy` t OSy: ¹nwXyte]hXw]h:FoOsEy eXs:Ush:áBEy:BvZ]Iy< ¹nwXytBkBute]h]p]Iy `GEyt`OSy:áXEyte]h Xw]h:FoOsEy eXs:Ush:BvZ]Iy< 7< `OwOyW\Xnh TIhXGIy:Tp:Bute]heêAhEyt TIhXutáUFy]Iy< fNyTIhAwo GIy:Tp:But]p]Iy TIhËnwáUFyZ]Iy< 23
History of Religions, Souchip Ponyanouphab.
= 54 =
e[h[pXßw:`Xkh:Fo]Iy VoµWh]h\EyXkh:áUFyêA]Iy< ]pOÓw=Sh:[Iy ]eWheTiAyXr`Z ]pOwÓ]Iy TIhXOOyeêAhEy:eOúZ]Iy< AsYy[sSyåTx: eShAy W\`hXBvBkA[ y Iy: XËnwêAeT; `WYy]ÓwáUFyXIyAowTEy X]wêAeT< @ ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:]Iy `[sSyÌrTyePs:e]heêAhEyt e[h[pXßw:`Xkh:Fo]Iy eShEy W\OsEy áUFyTkAy[hXIyt`ZhAow Sh:X[IyWu AsYy[sSy]sh:êA]Iy< AsY[ y sSy åTx:eShAy `WYy]Ów]sh:? XIy]áÓw UFyXIyAwo X]wêAeT< YBo`]AyËnEy[øAy ËnweSêAe]h]pXkh:]Iy[Iy: e]áBEy:OZh:¹nEyt ZEyGwoEyZSy XáTEyGEyOOyêAeT< áUFyTkAy[hXIyt`ZhXkh:Awo CÌoXFwoAyêATu ]pOÓw=W\Aow AoSy[sSyeFêA]Iy< [p `Xkh:A @]wÓ `]AyËnEyeSêA]Iy< WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:Xn WoSy:îAx:ATEy eXøhy[EytáBEy:AEy:XuteêAhEy:Awo e^heáTh e[t ËnwêA]Iy< FkhTS`BXy:`Sh:OsEy WoSy:îAxXkh:A ËsOyGwo]IyXnh;
“WYyeOhtXn áTSyX[heOhteT< WYyeOhtXn ¹w:o PáBEy:XËnweOhteT< ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy:XËnweOhteT< [sOyeáXhAyáBEy:XËnweOhteT<” @]wÓáUEyt VoµWh]hOsEy eXøhy[EytáBEy:XËnweT; ¹nFy]wXáyt BEy:[Iy:XËnweT< Pwo `ZhXnh VoµA«òSyáTBute]h eXËnwYAwoX]we]heêAhEyt; VoµWh]hOZh:> AsYy [sSyåTx:eShAyOsEy eXøhy[EytáBEy:XËnweêAhEy: eUhyáTáBEy:áUFyTi]Iy< `îAx:Xh:Gvo: Sh:[Iy[suXrOFyBoXnh ‚e]åTx:[øEy SOy\wIhayáUFy]sh:]Iy‛ ^o BvYpáBEy:áUFy]Iy< e[hA> `]AyËnEyFay A÷¹yoTyOÓw]Iy OFyax:¹nEytOFyax: BkFyBEyêA]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt; XwOyeGsOFyax:ax: e]Gvo:åTx:eShAy SOy\wIhay`áUFy W\eáThEy:? XwXwOwÓPváTSy[hXIyAwo eêAhAyËôvêAe]heêAhEyt; SOyGwo:Xkh: X\Ey [h¹woEyZSy íAw:Xkh:Awo `wXyTOyTOy[Iy OSy:Ph:Ah; AhAsYyêA]Iy< [p]Iy AsYy[sSy]sh:[øEy BÀhAowYy¹nEyt\wIhay As] u sh:êA]Iy< BÀhAwoYy ]Iy ]äCw[yáBEy:; Xx:ÌÑwáBEy:áUEyt eáXXr¸y]wÓáTSy]sh:Z=< \wIhay]Iy W\=`FwOy `TowEy:áUFy]Iyt`OwoEy: WoZh:]BEyáTEyGEye]heSZh]wÓ ]sh:Z[wXytXIy< @`Zh Awo X]wSh:X[Iye]h]pXkh:A; AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy [p]Iy SOy\wIhay `áUFy]wÓ eáThEy:[uAh W\AvêAÊh`OwoEy: [IyTOyeS]Iy^o PEyêA]Iy< ]Ey]Iy eXøhy[EytáBEy:XËnwe]h e[hA> `]AyËnEyeSTi][h:< WhXnSh: X[IyWu eXøhy[EytáBEy:OFyBo OIyeGhAyeSTi][h:< Pwo`Zh> ]Ey[voæBvXr ËnwTi ][h:< `eáUXnh ]Ey=Gvo:áUOyBkAyeTjOsEy]h XpOIyTi]Iy<
= 55 =
BZFyeOhy> AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy eXøhy[EytBkAyËnwe]hW\; OX[sSyW\`OsAy ]sS] y EyBkAyXkh:Awo ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh eUhyáT Ph:Ti]Iy< WoZh:]BEyA e]áBEy:]Iy ]Wh\OZh: ]wÓX^oOy AvOZh: eêAhEytX^oOyWu [p]h:OwÓ= eËò:BkYyXr`Z WoZh:]BEyAwo áEEy:TYye]heêAhEyt áTFyQNyeT:áBEy:áUFyeêAhEy: ]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< (AÉhax:AkXy: 3:1-19)< `hQv]Iy `áTFyæTåTx:eShAy e]áBEy:¹nEytZEyGwoEyBut]Iy< ]wÓe]hy WoZh:]BEy ]Iy TFyXPh:Wu [p]h:Xkh:`OsAy `êAvFIyOFyBoêAvFIyBut]Iy< Pw` o êAv `FIyXnh OFyax:OIy:e]h ]h:eOhyeYÌrAwo e[hA]wÓeF[sOy? A÷¹oyTyOwÓ= `áTFy`OsAy `e]BveFButáBEy:áUFy]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt BZFyeOhy=`]AyOh> eXs:Ush:áBEy:; e]áBEy:OwÓ]Iy AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy [p]h:Xkh:=eXøhy[EytáBEy: `OsAy `[sSyTEy `eZ:îAx:Ti]Iy< AkXy:FhA eUjáT]IyXnh; ‚eYÌrA[Iy:;
Ei]IyPeáXhAyáBEy:`eêAhEy:; `]AyËnEyáBEy:`eêAhEy:áUFy=< EitAowYovêAIy e]h]p]Iy e][sSye]hy[Iy: ËnEy[wXytXIy< EitAowYovêAIy? `]AyËnEye]h]p Ënw]XøOÓw]Iy[Iy: e]áBEy:¹nEyt`FayXáTOy AEy:[sOyêA[wXytXIy<‛ (ËnEyeYh^Sy 11:25-26)<
AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy BZFyeOhy> W\=eXøhy[EytáBEy:]Iy VoµWh]hOZh:> AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy W\=eXøhy[EtyáBEy:¹nEyt [vo:\ AsuáTh:áBh:Sh:Ti]Iy< W\= eXøhy[EytáBEy:]hXA AÉht`F`ax:¹nEyt TOy]Oye]h ]sSy]EyBkAyTEy[øEy Asáu Th:áBh:Sh:Ti]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:FhA W\Ap:eáThEy:áBEy:XËnweêAhEy: ]sSy]EyTi ]Iy< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy OFyîAwXy]h[øEyeXs:Ush:áBEy:BvZ? PwÓeShAyOsEy WoZh: ]BEy áTEyGEyPh:e]h OZh:FxZEyáBEy:]Ów ]sh:Z[wXytXIyáUFy]Iy< (e^áVu 9:27)< ËnEyeTOÌo QoOwYeFhEy 3:9 OsE;y ‚[p`BýwOwÓ]Iy; e¹n:áBEy:Awo XnOy]Iy `OwoEy:; Ph\ZWoZh:]Iy COweOhy`ZhXnh e¹n:eOhyXXp< EiOwÓOsEy `WYy]pXø XTkAyFx:Wu; Ënw]XøOwÓ]Iy eShEyOZeFáBEy:Eni `[woeOhyËnw? EiOwÓAwo ]Iy:BveOhy Xp=‛ ^o GowPh:]Iy< [ÔW\> `]AyËnEyFay BZFyeOhyAwo [AyBvYvoêAIy Awo:Fh:e]h]p]Iy `hXBvBkAyËnw]Iy<
= 56 =
@`BkAyXkh:]Iy VoµWh]hYvoêAIyáBEy:¹nEty OpIxXrXËnweêAhEy:Aow e`hAy OsEy eUjáTPh:Ti]Iy< `áTSy[Xy:Ënw]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy ‚eYÌr]Iy e]åTx:Xn OUSyPeáXhAyeOhyXp]IyAwo EiOwÓ ]IyYvo[øEy; PwoSIy:Op eYÌr> `wTyeTkhye]h]pOwÓAwo[Iy:; Pwo]BEy¹nEyt`Op WoZh:]BEyTwÓeGhEyeOhyXp[wXytXIy;‛ ^o Gow]Iy; (1 ]Ay 4:14)< BZFyeOhy A OTIyteOhyXkh:Awo Ei]Iy áTSy[hXIy^o AOweT:But]Iy< (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:1-3) BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo [peTiEy: 500 eËÒeXnhAyOsEy eAhEy:AEy]wÓ BkxeGhEy ]sh:]Iyt`Bi eAhEy:AEyOXSy¹nFyTi:eTj[h? ‚`wo Ci[w[u[pOwÓ; `WYyteêAhEty eAhEy:AEy]wÓ êAIyteXøhy[kAy eSêA]SIy:< ]EyOwÓ¹nEyt Bsh? eAhEy:AEy]wÓ eGhEyYpáBEy:Awo BveOhyXpe]h PwoeYÌr]Iy ]EyOXwÓ kAyeXnhAy> eAhEy:AEy]wÓ ðA]sh:eOhyXp]IySIy:Op OUSyðA[heOhyXp[Ovt;‛ ^o eáThGw= o ; (OXSyeOhy 1:11)< @AkXy:BkAy`Z; A÷¹oyTyO] wÓ Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAowYovêAIy[øAy e]Gov: ]sh:e]hy[Iy:; eXøhy[Eyt]Iyt`OowEy:; BZFyeOhy¹nEyt`Op áTSy[Iy`]AyËnEy[h XIy áUFyeêAhEy: eUjáTTi]Iy< ¹ow:P[h[wXytXIy< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> BZFyeOhy> e]áBEy:]Iy `wTyFAye]h]pAut]wÓáUFyeêAhEy: [hHÌo = `]AyOh`h:áUEyt ]sSy]EyTi]Iy< eYÌrA OTIyteOhyXkh:Awo eáTh But]IyXnh ‚EiOwÓ`eGs [hHÌo Xnh `wTyeTkhy=< ]ÔAwo¹wo:áBEy:`[wÓEni Ei]sh:XIy^o Xw¸yeOhyXp=;‛ (ËnEyeYh^Sy 11:11)< `RwÄhYyXnh ]Ey]Iy e][sSy]sh: Bute]hy[Iy: BZFyeOhy> `wTyFAyáBEy:]háUFy? ¹wo:P[hXIyáUFy]Iy< BZFyeOhy Aow XYovêAIyWu e][sSye]h]pOowEy:]Iy EZuWvo]wÓX]sh:Xnx BZFyeOhy=OZh: TÍEyeËÒ> XwXwOwÓ= YvoêAIyáBEy:¹nEyt [oTyeGhEyBut]Iyt`OwoEy: FxZEyáBEy:BvZXIy< ‚`eêAhEy:XpAh:; EiOwÓËnw]Xø]Iy AowYyBÀh>AkEyte]h`AkEyt; eAhEy:XeAhEy: Ënw]Iy`OwoEy: `Akwl:`áTFyAwo `]x:]x:BváBEy:Eni; BZFyeOhy= OZh:TÍEyeËÒ> eTj [hZêAXIy;‛ (2 eAh 5:10)< ]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy BZFyeOhy> e][sSye]h]p]Iy ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAy[Xw yt XIy^o `BwoEy`Xh]sSy]EyTi]Iy;(1 ]Ay 4:16)< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyXIyt `eêAhEy:Awo 1 eAh 15:1-18 OsEy ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< PwÓ`áTEy BZFyeOhyeYÌrA [hHÌo`h: ËnEyáTSyeFBut? BZFyeOhy>ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy: `XnSy OAYyËnweêAhEy: ]Aye]áT? `A÷¹yoTyOwÓAwo BsSy:`h:eT:ButTi]Iy< PÓw`áTEy = 57 =
BZFyeOhyAwoYyOowEyA[Iy: ]BzßwEy:Pu> ]vo:ZAy]äCw[yáBEy:BvåTx:eShAy ËnEyáTSy PeáXhAyBut]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt; BZFyeOhyeYÌrAow YovêAIye]h]p]Iy `XnSyTEy e]áBEy:Xn ¹ow:P[h[wXytXIy< [sOyeáXhAyZh[Xy:Ënw]Iy< [p]Iy`Xkwl:Xkwl:e]h Qo£Xn[sOyeáXhAy¹woEy]Iy< ]wÓe]hy; e]áBEy:Xn [sOy eáXhAyZh[Xy:XËnweêAhEy: A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy eAhEy:Fsh]wêATi]Iy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy BZFyeOhy`h:áUEyt e]áBEy:Xn `WYy]wÓ[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyXIy SIy:< `eêAhEy:ZEy:Xnh; BZFyeOhy]Iy A÷¹oyTyOwÓ`OsAy `e]BvBute]heêAhEyt áUFy]Iy< BZFyeOhye]áBEy:]Iy BÀhAwoYye]áBEy:]h X^oOyeT< TpeHhyáBEy: ¹nEytGwoEye]h e]áBEy:áUFy]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt; BZFyeOhyAwo XYvoêAIye]h]pOwoEy: ]Iy BZFyeOhy= FAh:`OwoEy: XwX= w `áTFyPuOsEy e]Gvo:Z[wXytXIy< ‚PwoeêAhEyt ]EyOwÓ]Iy AwoYy`áTFy>e]êA[wXytXIy ^o EiGwo=< Ei]Iy @XIye]h]páUFy]IyAwo ]EyOwÓ]IyXYvo[øEy; AwoYy`áTFy> e]êA[wXytXIy‛ ^o Xw¸yeOhyXp=; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 8:24)< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy Xe]Gvo:[ow[øEy ax:Fsh A÷¹yoTyOwÓ = `áTFyPuXn [sOyeáXhAyZXIy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ= `áTFyXn[sOyeáXhAyZSy [Xy:BZx: OFyBo]hËnw]Iy< Pow[Xy:BZx:Xnh BZFyeOhyeYÌráUFy]Iy< `WYyeêAhEytGow e]hy; ‚Pwo]BEy= ShXeOhyXnOTi: EiOwÓAwo AYyOEy¹woEye]hShX OFvoOBoXø eAhEy:AEye`hAy[pOwÓOsEy XeTjXËnw^o eTOÌo]Iy Pwo]pwOwÓ`h: çXOyGwo=;‛ (OXSyeOhy 4:12)< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy; WoZh:]BEyA A÷¹yoTyOwÓ[p]h:Xkh:Awo `áTFyPuXn [sOyeáXhAyZSyeT:Bute]h OFyBoOIy:e]h [Xy:BZx:áUFy]Iy< (Xcu 1:12) < SwC:ov @`Zh`h:[vo:Awo ]Ey]IySh:[Iye]h`Bi `WYy]wÓæTXIySIy:< eXøhy [EytBkAyAEy:Xute]h @W\> `]AyËnEyXnh[h:; ]ÓwX^oOy AYyOEyáBEy:; eXøhy [EytáBEy:; BZFyeOhy> `]Fye]h `hXBvBkAyZËnwZSy FwOy¹n[vo:eáThEy:[uXnh[h:< ]Ey]Iy @Gvo:áUOyBkAyAwo Bk¹woEye]h]p OFyax:áUFyTi]Iy< ]EytW\`OsAy [Xy:OFyBoAwo eËò:BkYTy i< ]Ey]Iy WoZh:]BEyA ]EytW\`OsAy `[woËnw]Iyt`OwoEy: áTEyGEye]h eAhEy:e]h[Xy:¹nEyt XnSye]h[Xy:BZx:áUFy]Iyt BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo eËò:BkY[ y wXyt XIy^o A÷¹oyTyeXøhy[Eyt[øAy GoeOhEy:Ti]Iy< = 58 =
`BSy: (12) ]Ey` t eTjXpOIye]h Gvo:áUOyBkAy
[pXwoA]y Iy XShBve]heêAhEyt e]Z=< áEEy:GSye]h]p]Iy TIhXtue]heêAhEyt e]Z=< [pXwAo y]Iy XFay:Fh:Wu Gv:o áUOyBkAyBke[tË=nw < TIhËn]w Iy Fay:Fh:åT:x Xn]h Gv:o áUOyBkAyBke[tËn]w Iy< ]Ey]Iy @`Zh`h:[vo:Awo ]we]h`Bi Wh[oTyXIySIy:< eXËnwY¹nEytTOy]Oy? Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:; ËnEy:áTBkAyXkh:; ]Aye]BvBkAy Xkh:; Awo:Ah:BkAyXkh:`h:[vo:Awo UOyåTx:]Iyt`Bi ]Ey]Iy]ÊhOZh:Awo eOúËnwåTx ^o A÷¹oyTy YvoêAIyTi]Iy< Pwo]ÊhOZh:¹nEyt ]Ey]Iy XIy]ÓwGAyåTx: `]Ay ËnEyXIySIy:< `]AyËnEyeOhyXpe]h WoZh:]BEyAwo YvoêAIyXIy[h:< ]EytW\`OsAy eáThEy:[uXrXkh:YpeGhEy[hXIy< ]Ey]Iy]EyW t \> ]ÊhOZh:Awo áEEy:TYy[øEy ]ÓwX^oOy `eZ:XîAx:^oBvYp[øEy `[sS\y Xy:SIy:FZhTEy áUFy]Iy< @`Zh]Iy XnSyASy]Iy; `eZ:îAx:]Iy^o BvY[ p owAySh[øEy `[sS\y Xy:eáXhAyWsYy áUFyTi ]Iy< [AyBv]IyáUFyeF; [AyXBv]IyáUFyeF; ]EyeShAyGvo: Gvo:áUOyBkAyXæTXnx GEyáBEyZXIyt ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:áUFy]Iy< áEEy:TYy]pXkh:¹nEty `eZ:XîAx:^o BvYp]pXkh: eAk:Hp:æT? @`ZhXkh:Awo GEyáBEyFay:Fh:êAIyTt i< ]Eye]]sh:But[øEy ]Ey=\wIhay]Iy BÀhAwoYyAwo BsuBsh]sh:[wXytXIy< ]Eyt\wIhay]Iy WYyAwo]sh:XIyAwo ]Ey]wTi][h:< áTSy[IyW\Ap:eáThEy:Ah; eXs:Ush:áBEy:BvXIy[h:< SOy\wIhayáUFy? FhOSy¹nEty`Op EZu> Qo£BvXIy[h:; ]ÓwX^oOy eAhEy:AEyWvo> BZFyeOhyWoZh:¹nEyt`Op Fwo:FvZXIy[h:< ]Ey WYy `ZTy]wÓ ]sh:XIySIy:< YBo ]EyYvoêAIy]Iyt`OwoEy:; ]EySh:[Iy]Iyt`OwoEy: ]Ey]Iy WYy]wÓ]sh:eS]SIy:< [p]h:Xkh:`h:[vo:]Iy e]áBEy:OZh:Awo OFy e¸ dASyeOúïAvZXIyáUFy]Iy< e]áBEy:OZh: ]EytPvXeZhAyXnx W\`hXBvBkAy = 59 =
`OsAy eXøhy[Eyt? áTEyGEyZXIy< [p`BýwOwÓ]Iy Sh:[IyZSyBAyBu]Iyt`Zh^o PEyAh; gEy:OwÓAwo CÌoXFwoAy; XFay:Fh:BkEyêAeT< [p`Býw]Iy `XnSyOZh:AwoX]wWuXkAyASy:TXhYvoêAIyêA]Iy< ]Ey]Iy @`eêAhEy:`ZhXkh:¹nEytTOy]Oy? XIyXøTEySh:[IyYvoêAIye]hy[Iy: BZFy eOhyWoZh:`eTjAwo:Fh:? áTEyGEyáBEy:XæT[øEy e`hAyTiGow:Akwl:Xkh:¹nEyt ZEyGwoEyZ [wXytXIy< 1< ]Ey]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌr¹nEyt eOúe]h`Bi e[hA>`]AyËnEyFay BZFyeOhyAwo áEEy:TYyBute]heêAhEty eêAhAyËôvZ[wXytXIy< 2< BZFyeOhy`h:áUEyt OZh:FxZEy? EZu]wÓ ]sh:ZXIyt`eêAhEy: ]Ey]w e]h`Bi TpeGs:eShEyOZ[wXytXIy< 3< Xx:`woEyPuOsEy Ph\ZQo£ BvFh:Z[wXytXIy< 4< ]Ey`OsAy eShEyOZXIyt`BkwSyXËnweOhteT< Uw[wÄw 2:10; 11 ¹nEyt 2 eAh; 5:10 `OwoEy:; XIy]pXø OZh:FxZEyáBEy:Xn X[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyeT< e[hA> XIy]IytWh]hOZh:Awo YvoêAIyTieF eShAyGvo:OsEy OZh: FxZEyáBEy:Xn `WYy]pXø X[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyeT< ‚[p`BýwOwÓ]Iy; e¹n:áBEy:Awo XnOy]Iy`OwoEy:; Ph\ZWoZh:]Iy AOweOhy`Zh Xnh e¹n:eOhyXXp; EiOwÓOsEy `WYy]pXø XTkAyFx:Wu; Ënw]XøOwÓ]Iy eShEyO ZeFáBEy:Eni `[woeOhyËnw? EiOwÓAwo ]Iy:BveOhyXp=;‛ (2 eT; 3:9)< ‚PwÓeêAhEyt; EiOwÓ]Iy YvoêAIyáBEy:Ënw? eáUhEytXOyZh]wÓeZhAy[øEy; EiOwÓ ]BEyeYÌrBZFy`h:áUEyt WoZh:]BEyteËÒeOhy> åEwXy]AyáBEy:Awo BvFh:êA[wXytXIy‛ (eZhX 5:1); Ph\Z`]AyZXIy; (1 eYh 5:11;12)< ¹woEyEveOhy> WoZh:]BEy ¹nEyt`Op eSZSy`hXBvBkAyËnw]Iy; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:1-3)< [pOowEy:]Iy `[owG»Xkh:FshËnwOOy]Iy; `Pp:]áUEyt åEwXy]AyáBEy:AowZ[ow]Iy< `RwAáTcShXnh A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy `áTFy]h:áUFyêAe]heêAhEyt WoZh:] BEy= WoSy:eOhyAwo XXnxêAeT; (eZhX 3:23)< `áTFyeêAhEyt A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy e`hAy TiOwÓAow BvFh:êAZ]Iy< 1< \Xy:SIy:áBEy:¹nEty ShAkEyáBEy:< (AÉhax:AkXy: 3:16-19) 2< BÀhAwoYy e]áBEy:< 3< \wIhay e]áBEy:< (WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt e\:AsháBEy:) 4< FhOSy¹nEyt`Op OZh:FxZEyáBEy:Awo ZEyGwoEyZXIy< (VkhQwOy 20:7-10) 5< EZuXx:`woEy]wÓ BkTFyáBEy:< (VkhQwOy 20:15) = 60 =
BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo XYvoêAIy; [AyXBve]h]p]Iy `PAyeUhyáTTi OZh: FxZEyáBEy: Ei:Xkwl:Xn `WYy]pXø X[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyeT< 2 eAh 5:21; ‚`WYyeêAhEytSIy:^pXpAh:; WoZh:]BEy]Iy `áTFy¹nEytAEy:FEy e]h]pAwo EiOwÓ`OsAyeêAhEyt `áTFyËnwe]h]p áUFyeFeOhyXp=< `eêAhEy:XpAh:; EiOwÓ]Iy Pwo]p`h:áUEyt WoZh:]BEyteËÒeOhy> eáUhEytXOye]h]páUFyXIy`eêAhEy:OIy:<‛ eZhX 5:1; ‚PwÓeêAhEyt EiOwÓ]IyYvoêAIyáBEy:Ënw? eáUhEytXOyZh]wÓ eZhAy[øEy EiOwÓeYÌrBZFy`h:áUEyt WoZh:]BEyteËÒeOhy> åEwXy]AyáBEy:Awo BvFh:êA=<‛ A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy BÀhAwoYye]ZXIy< ]wÓe]hy BZFyeOhyAow YovêAIyAow:Fh: [øEy A÷¹yoTyOwÓ= \wIhay]Iy Xe]Gvo:eT; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 5: 24; 11:25)< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ= \wIhay]Iy EZu]wÓX]sh:ZeOhteT; (VkhQwOy 20:15)< eShAyGvo:e]h OZh:FxZEyáBEy:e¸Awo eAkhy[òh:Z[wXytXIy; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 3:18; 5:24) < WoZh:]BEy]Iy; [p]h:Xkh:`h: `áTFyXA n YyOEy? ]ÔPv áTSy[IyeBj eGhEy[hAh eAhEy:AEyWvo]wÓ\EyFh:eFZSy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo [Xy:BZx:`áUFy eF[sOyBut]Iy; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6)< `áBh:e]h]p; `áBh:e]h[Xy:BZx:; `áBh:e]hWh]hOZh:Xkh:]Iy @Aut]wÓ XAYyOEy¹woEyeT; (OXSyeOhy 4:12)< eXøhy[EytáBEy:; `hXBvBkAy¹nEyt áTFyQNyFxZEyáBEy:Xn[sOyeáXhAy? AYyOEyáBEy: ZËnwZSy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo YvoêAIy[AyBvZXIy< BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo YvoêAIy? `]Fye]h`]AyOh> `]AyËnEy[woe]h ]pXkh:`OsAy `GwoæTBkAyXkh:; 1< Voµ= TeZhUAyæTBute]h eXËnwY]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌráUFyeêAhEy:Awo [AyBvTi< 2< ]Ey]Iy `áTFy]h:áUFyeêAhEy:[AyBvTi< 3< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy WoZh:]BEy; AYyOEyËnEy; `Pp:]áUEyt ]EytAwo `áTFyPuXn AYyOEyBute]h`ËnEy]BEy áUFyeêAhEy: [AyBvTi< 4< BZFyeOhyeËÒXnh `áTFy\SyBvTi< eShEyOZTi< YvoXnh:áBEy: ]v]YAwo UYyËnh:TFyTi< 5< BZFyeOhyAwo [AyBvTi< YBoXnF? WoZh:]BEyAwo ]EytW\> eSZheT:Ti< `]AyËnEyeFTi< = 61 =
6< ]Ey]Iy [AyBvZSy `GEy]EytáUFy[øEy eAk:Hp:æT? e`hAyTi`OwoEy: GoeOhEy:Ti< ‚BkFye]h`U; A÷¹yoTy`OsAy W\¹nEyt`]AyAwoeT:e]hWoZh:Awo ]wBsEyt Ze]heêAhEyt\Xy:eáXhAyTi=< `A÷¹yoTy]Iy AwoYyeOhyAwoX]wWu áEEy:TYy XwBute]heêAhEyt\Xy:SIy:XwTi=< @`ZhXkh:áUEyt AwoYyeOhyAwo áTFyXnh:Bute]h eêAhEyt\Xy:SIy:XwTi=< OUSyáTSy? Pwo]wÓXæTeOhtTi< `wo; WoZh:]BEyAwo eAk: Hp:OEyTi=< `A÷¹yoTyAwo BkFyáBEy:; CÌoFwoAyáBEy:; OFyax:OIy:e]h ]h:eOhyAwo eF[sOyeT:Bute]heêAhEyt eAk:Hp:OEyTi=< Ye¸XnF? A÷¹yoTyeShEyOZTiåTx< AwoYyeOhyAwo YvoêAIyTi]Iy< AwoYyeOhyAwo Ph\ZYvoêAIyAwo:Fh:TiXIy< AwoYyeOhyWoZh: A÷¹yoTy¹nEyt`Op `Fay`áXuËnweOhyXpTi< `A÷¹oyTy= `áTFyXkh:Awo BsEyt[sOyeT:? ]h:/]Xx:`áUFy [AyBve]heêAhEyt eAk:Hp:OEyTi=; `U WoZh:]BEy< BZFyeOhy=ShX> eOhEy:e[øhAy`TyTi]Iy< `hXEy<‛ ]Eyt`OsAy`Pp: 1< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ ]OwæT]Eyt]Iyt `eZ:îAx:e]h`BkAyOFyBkAyXnh ]Ey]Iy AvêAÊh= eF«òSyZh`OwoEy:`]AyËnEyáBEy: X^oOyWu WoZh:]BEy= ]sS] y EyBkAy`OwoEy: `]AyËnEyZSyáUFy]Iy< ]wÓXn]h ]Ey=eXøhy[EytáBEy: ËnEy]Sy[wXytXIy< WoZh:]BEy= ¹rOyATOyeOhy> eUhyáTPh:]Iy` t Zh Xkh:]Iy `XnSyTEy áUFyTkAy[hXIyáUFy]Iy< 2< AÉÞheTjOsEyËnwe]h Wh]hOZh:`BßÖ] w IyeAhEy:Ti]Iy< ]wÓe]hy `h:[vo:]Iy XáTIytFvoeT< PwoWh]hOZh:Xkh:]Iy ]EytW\= [wo`TyXr Aow XáUIytGIy:eT:¹woEyeT< PwoWh]hOZh:Xkh:A XeT:¹woEye]h`Zh ]vo:Xkwl:Ënw]Iy< (A) FFyXnSye]h WoZh: (B) `áTFy BsEyt[sOyáBEy:OZh: (C) Ph\Z`]Ay¹nEty ¹woEyEveOhy @]vo:Xßw:F[vo:Awo eT:¹woEye]h]pXnh BZFyeOhyeYÌr]h[øEyáUFy]Iy< BZFy eOhy]Iy A÷¹yoTyOwÓ eXøhy[EyteFhEytFh:eS]p; FFyXnSye]hWoZh:; VoµAowYyOowEyA [Iy:UeZhUAyæTBtu]p áUFye]heêAhEytTEy áUFy]Iy; (1 eYh^Sy 5:10)< BZFy eOhyeYÌr]Iy `áTFyXn AYyOEyZSy ðAGEy:[h]Iyt eXËnwY áUFy]Iy; (Xcu 1:21)< PwÓ`áTEy BZFyeOhy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:Awo WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv]Ów áTSy[IyTwÓeGhEyZSy ðAGEy:[he]h [Xy:BZx:TEyáUFy]Iy< (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6)< = 62 =
@Fh`oTy UOyÌr]pOwoEy:`eTj WoZh:]BEyXn eAhEy:Bkx:XCz[h ]AyeZhAyTieF< WoZh:]BEy= BkFyáBEy:eX³heOhy; ]h:eOhyeYÌrWoZh:= CÌoNheX³h eOhy¹nEty]¸yËnEy:e]h\wIhayeOhy=XwOy]^hZUúuáBEy:OÓwáUEyt ]EytAwoAhAsYyTieF< eAhEy:Bkx:XCz[hBvFh:Z? @`ZhXkh:Aow]wËnwSh:[Iy]eWheTiAyAh BZFyeOhy > `áXåu EwXy:BkXy:TieF< Gvo:áUOyBkAyBkPh:åTx:e]h]pXkh: ]ÓwX^oOy eX:BsSy:eX:[wo]pXkh:`OsAy @ Fh`oTy`h:áUEyt `Akwl:æTTieF< BkFyáBEy:¹nEyt eXøhy[EytáBEy:Xkh:FsháUEyt; `EyOh BkSO y h\XyeGhEyt
= 63 =
FheZ:GZh= ]XwoEy:`Akay: eQiAyOh `EyOh BkSyOh\XyeGhEyt]Iy e[h¹woEyEvOsEy 1953 Bo¹nFyOsEy eXs:Ush:ButTi]Iy< VoµWh]h\EyXw]h:FoXn eXs:Ush:[hAh 1970 OsEy]h BZFyYhSyOFyeYhAy áUFy[hButTi]Iy< BZFyYhSyWh]h]wÓX\EyBEy Voµ= TeZhUAyæTBkAyXkh:; ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Awoe[t[hButZh Voµ]Iy eXËnwY`eêAhEy: Awo TeZhUAyæTButeêAhEy: ËnheUseOúËnwBut]Iy< FheZ:GZh]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo eXËnwYáUFyeêAhEy: YvoêAIy[AyBv]Iy< [p]h:OwoEy:eXøhy[EyteFhEytFh:eSe]h]p ]Iy eXËnwYáUFyeêAhEy:[AyBv]Iy< 1975 OsEy Far East Broadcasting Company > `Fx`Fay AowEyeGhEy]p áUFy[hBut]Iy< [h`wo (Lao) Wh]hFAh:áUEyt `]v[sEytKhSOsEy eBiEy:eGhEy `áUFy `XreOhyeGhEy]Iy< 1975 AOIy:A e¸Fay e[h Wh]hFAh:áUEyt OZh:e^hBkAyXkh:Awo áTEyGEyPoOy[sEyte[t ËnwTi]Iy< His degrees include: Bachelor of Arts from Biola University of La Mirada, CA, Master of Arts degree from Talbot Seminary, La Mirada CA, Honorary Doctor’s Degree from the School of Theology of the Lao Conference of Churches. He has been president of the Lao Conference of Churches since 1987 and also served as president of the Lao Southern Baptist Fellowship from 1990 to 1993. In these capacities he speaks in conferences in many parts of the US. He is now Pastor of the Lao Baptist Church of Whittier, CA. He has authored and published many Chritian books.
= 64 =