Anaerobic and Aerobic Exercise Questions

Q1.

Which of the following equations summarises the process of anaerobic respiration?

A

Energy ⟶ lactic acid + glucose

B

Glucose ⟶ energy + lactic acid

C

Glucose + oxygen ⟶ energy + lactic acid

D

Oxygen + energy ⟶ lactic acid (Total 1 mark)

Q2.

Which one of the following is not an anaerobic activity?

A

Long jump

B

Gymnastics vault

C

Tennis serve

D

Yoga (Total 1 mark)

Q3.

Which activity is most likely to use aerobic respiration for energy?

A

10 km cross country run

B

Vault in gymnastics

C

Shot put

D

Jumping to block a shot in basketball (Total 1 mark)

Q4.

Which one of the following equations summarises the process of aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water

B

Glucose + oxygen + carbon dioxide → energy + water

C

Glucose + carbon dioxide → energy + oxygen + water

Page 1 of 8

D

Glucose + water + carbon dioxide → energy + oxygen (Total 1 mark)

Q5.

To train anaerobically, an athlete would need to work ...

A

between 40-60% of their maximum heart rate.

B

more than 80% of their maximum heart rate.

C

less than 80% of their maximum heart rate.

D

between 60-80% of their maximum heart rate.

(Total 1 mark)

Q6.

Lactic acid production occurs when an athlete’s body is: A

Digesting a large meal

B

Working aerobically

C

Working anaerobically

D

Sitting still for a long period of time (Total 1 mark)

Q7.

Which one of the following athletics events is an example of an aerobic activity?

A

Javelin

B

100 m

C

5000 m

D

High Jump (Total 1 mark)

Q8.

Explain how a coach could use training zones to help improve an athlete’s performance in an 800m race.

(Total 4 marks)

Page 2 of 8

Q9. (i)

What is lactic acid?

(ii)

How does lactic acid affect performance?

(Total 4 marks)

Q10.

In 1999, Michael Johnson set a new world record for the 400m with a time of 43.18 seconds. (a)

Justify why his performance was mainly aerobic or anaerobic.

(4)

(b)

Athletes work at a percentage of maximal heart rate when training.

How is maximal heart rate calculated?

(1) (Total 5 marks)

Q11.

Evaluate how appropriate an ice bath may be to aid the recovery of a performer immediately after a game of badminton.

(Total 6 marks)

Q12.

Sporting situations may be considered to be aerobic or anaerobic. (i)

What is meant by the term 'aerobic'?

(1)

(ii)

Describe a situation in which a performer would be working aerobically.

(2)

(iii)

What is meant by the term 'anaerobic'?

(1)

(iv)

Describe a situation in which a performer would be working anaerobically.

(2) (Total 6 marks)

Page 3 of 8

Mark schemes Q1.

Glucose ⟶ energy + lactic acid [1]

Q2.

Yoga [1]

Q3.

10 km cross country run [1]

Q4.

Glucose + oxygen

energy + carbon dioxide + water [1]

Q5.

More than 80% of their maximum heart rate.

[1]

Q6.

Working anaerobically [1]

Q7.

5000 m [1]

Q8.

[AO2 = 4] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of four marks.

• • • • • • • •

Training needs to be in the anaerobic training zone OR 80-90% of maximum heart rate (1) At a high intensity for a maximum of 60 seconds (1) Resulting in increased lactic acid tolerance (1) Allowing the athlete to compete at their top speed for a longer time (1) And have a sprint finish at the end of the race (1) Training also needs to go above the aerobic threshold OR 60-80% of maximum heart rate (1) For at least 15 minutes at low to moderate intensity (1) Resulting in a more efficient cardiovascular or cardiorespiratory or circulatory system (1) Page 4 of 8

•

Support the anaerobic system to allow the athlete to run more quickly (1) [4]

Q9. (i)

A waste product (1 mark) released into the blood stream as a result of energy breakdown (breakdown of ATP) (a waste product of anaerobic respiration). accept … a chemical that builds up in muscles (1 mark).

(ii)

It causes a reduction in the standard of performance (1 mark) such as: •

not as fast/ slow down;

•

not as hard/ intense;

•

not as long (time);

•

not as far (distance).

Caused by: •

increasing the acidity in the muscle cells;

•

reducing the contraction capability of muscles;

•

causing pain;

•

causing fatigue in muscles.

[4]

Q10.

[AO2 = 1 AO3 = 3] (a) Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of four marks.

AO2 • Anaerobic (1) AO3 (sub-max 3 marks) • 400m is a sprint event and all sprint events are anaerobic (1) • Maximal intensity / effort and low duration means insufficient oxygen is available to work aerobically (1) • Energy demand is higher than oxygen available, therefore anaerobic (1) • No reduction in intensity / time to rest to repay oxygen debt (1) • Body uses glucose → energy + lactic acid because of the lack of oxygen (1) Accept any other suitable justification as to why the 400m is an anaerobic event.

Answers must include a reasoned justification, linking the demands of the event to how energy is produced.

4

[AO1 = 1] (b)

Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of one mark.

•

Maximum heart rate (220 bpm) minus age / 220 – age (1) 1

Page 5 of 8

[5]

Q11.

[AO1 = 1

Level

AO2 = 2

AO3 = 3]

Marks

3

5-6

2

3-4

1

1-2

0

Description Knowledge of ice baths is accurate and generally well detailed. Application to performers in badminton is mostly appropriate, clear and effective. Evaluation is thorough, reaching valid and well-reasoned conclusions as to the appropriateness of badminton players using ice baths to aid recovery. The answer is generally clear, coherent and focused, with appropriate use of terminology throughout.

Knowledge of ice baths is evident. There is some appropriate and effective application to performers in badminton, although not always presented with clarity. Any evaluation is clear but links to the appropriateness of badminton players using ice baths to aid recovery are not always valid and well reasoned. The answer lacks coherence in places, although terminology is used appropriately on occasions Knowledge of ice baths is limited. Application to performers in badminton is either absent or inappropriate. Evaluation is poorly focused or absent, with few or no reasoned conclusions for the appropriateness of badminton players using ice baths to aid recovery. The answer as a whole lacks clarity and has inaccuracies. Terminology is either absent or inappropriately used.

No relevant content.

Possible content may include: AO1 – Knowledge of ice baths, e.g.

• A method used for recovery purposes to remove lactic acid / procedures for using an ice bath (Involves sitting in ice cold water for) between 5–20 minutes / physiological explanation AO2 – Application to badminton, e.g.

• Badminton can be aerobic and anaerobic, i.e. can be long duration and low intensity but equally can be fast paced / intensive • Recovery may be needed after badminton due to lactic acid build up • Changes of direction / speed around the court / movement around the court means that EPOC required due to anaerobic components • Rallies can be long and exhaustive • DOMS may occur after badminton / muscle soreness AO3 – Analysis / evaluation of the appropriateness of an ice bath to aid the recovery of a performer after a game of badminton • Ice baths may not be readily accessible in indoor spaces / sports halls / leisure centres • Would require some help assistance / to prepare ice bath / help in and out • Because of the nature of badminton (sprints / anaerobic elements) lactic acid can be a major issue and any method to reduce this is viable • If available, fairly quick and simplistic method requiring little / no specialist equipment Page 6 of 8

• • •

Could be incorporated into a cool down after a badminton match fairly easily All muscles used in a badminton match can be submerged in water thus causing extremities to experience the process / vasoconstrict / vasodilate Not particularly pleasant due to extreme cold and similar results could be experienced simply by cooling down / stretching

Credit other suitable responses relevant to the question.

Max 6 marks

[6]

Q12. (i)

Award one mark for a correct definition. An equation is acceptable.

Aerobic ‒ respiration in the presence of oxygen Glucose + oxygen = energy + carbon dioxide + water 1

(ii)

Award up to two marks for an accurate description. For maximum marks reference should be made to the intensity and length of time of the situation. e.g. activities that need long term energy systems, such as cross country running or long distance cycling 2

(iii)

Award one mark for a correct definition. An equation is acceptable.

Anaerobic ‒ respiration in the absence of oxygen glucose → energy + lactic acid 1

(iv)

Award up to two marks for an accurate description. For maximum marks reference should be made to the intensity and length of time of the situation.

Activities that need short term energy systems such as 100m sprinting or weightlifting.

2

[6]

Page 7 of 8

Examiner reports Q1.

This was a multiple choice question. There was a range in how well this question was answered.

The level of difficultly of this question varied, although the majority of students were able to pick up marks here.

Q4.

No comment available for this question.

Q5.

This was one of the least well answered questions in this series. Many students in this question got confused between aerobic and anaerobic maximum heart rate zones and the majority of incorrect answers were as a result of this.

Q7.

No comment available for this question.

Q8.

Students were able to recognise the two zones and the phases of the 800m race that working in these zones would relate to. However, application was weak as few responses were able to clearly state how the performance would be improved.

It was also very noticeable that students lack in-depth knowledge of how training zones would be applied in training, particularly in terms of time and intensity whilst working.

Q9. (i)

Mixed response.

Without knowing precisely what lactic acid is, many candidates were able to recognise that it related to anaerobic respiration.

(ii)

Mixed response.

Most candidates recognised that performance would be hindered and were able to score one mark by referring to ‘tired’ or ‘pain’. Many achieved two or three marks in this part of the question, though ‘cramp’ was often mistaken as an effect.

Q12. (i)(iii) Some candidates did muddle aerobic/anaerobic and not just low scoring candidates and other candidates managed to get then the correct way around but then included an inappropriate activity for the second part of the question. (ii) (iv)

The examples for aerobic were not always fully developed with reference to intensity and time.

Generally well answered with sprinting a common answer.

Page 8 of 8