The Consequences of a Sedentary Lifestyle Questions

Q1.

Which one of these activities is most suited to an extrovert?

A

Badminton

B

Basketball

C

Canoeing

D

Tennis (Total 1 mark)

Q2.

Which of the following best describes a mesomorph?

A

A long, slender body with narrow shoulders and hips

B

A pear-shaped body, with wide hips and shoulders

C

A short, slender body with narrow shoulders and hips

D

A wedge-shaped body with broad shoulders and narrow hips (Total 1 mark)

Q3.

Which one of the following activities would be most suitable for an ectomorph body type?

A

Basketball

B

American football

C

Olympic weightlifting

D

Judo (Total 1 mark)

Q4.

Which one of these somatotypes is most suited to high jumping?

A

Ectomorph

B

Endomorph

C

Mesomorph

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(Total 1 mark)

Q5.

Fatigue often occurs when a person is participating in a physical activity.

What is meant by the term ‘fatigue’?

(Total 1 mark)

Q6.

What does somatotype mean?

(Total 1 mark)

Q7.

Which one of the following activities would be most suitable for an ectomorph?

A

Olympic weightlifting

B

Shot put

C

High jump

D

Canoeing (Total 1 mark)

Q8.

Define sedentary lifestyle.

(Total 1 mark)

Q9.

State two possible negative effects of obesity on physical health.

(Total 2 marks)

Q10.

One possible consequence of a sedentary lifestyle is obesity.

Identify two other consequences of a sedentary lifestyle.

(Total 2 marks)

Q11.

Explain the negative effects that obesity can have on the body.

(Total 3 marks)

Q12.

Maintaining a balanced diet is essential for all performers.

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If a performer does not have a balanced diet, they may experience problems.

Name one of these problems (not dehydration).

Describe the problem you have named and state how this problem might have been caused.

(Total 3 marks)

Q13.

Explain three negative effects that obesity could have on performance in a named racket sport of your choice (e.g. tennis, badminton).

(Total 3 marks)

Q14.

There is a trend towards obesity in young people.

State what obesity is and explain how a young person can avoid becoming obese.

(Total 3 marks)

Q15.

Describe a mesomorph body type and explain why this body type helps a sportsperson to perform well in either football, swimming or cross country.

(Total 4 marks)

Q16.

Physical performance and general health can be affected by obesity. (i)

State two factors that can cause obesity.

(2)

(ii)

Protein is an important substance in a performer's diet as it is used for the growth and repair of muscle.

Name one other substance important in a performer's diet and explain why it is important.

(2) (Total 4 marks)

Q17.

State two negative effects of obesity and explain how they could affect an individual’s performance in physical activity.

(Total 6 marks)

Q18.

John is extremely tall and thin. His father is encouraging him to join a local basketball club.

Evaluate whether or not basketball is a suitable activity for John to take part in.

(Total 6 marks)

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Q19. (a)

An ectomorph is one body type. Name two other body types.

(2)

(b)

Describe an ectomorph.

(3)

(c)

Explain one advantage that having an ectomorph body type would give in a named physical activity.

(2) (Total 7 marks)

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Mark schemes Q1.

[AO2 = 1] B [1]

Q2.

Wedge-shaped body with broad shoulders and narrow hips [1]

Q3.

Basketball [1]

Q4.

[AO2 = 1] A [1]

Q5.

[AO1 = 1] Award one mark for stating what is meant by the term fatigue. •

Fatigue is a feeling of extreme or severe (physical or mental) tiredness or exhaustion (1)

Accept any other suitable response.

[1]

Q6. somatotype is : ‌ body (size &) shape; or body type; or body build; or physique; or body structure; or body composition. accept: ..if you are muscly, fat or thin.

NB not what you look like/appearance; not names of type examples.

[1]

Q7.

High jump [1]

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Q8.

[AO1 = 1] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of one mark.

•

A lifestyle with irregular or no physical activity (1)

Accept any other suitable definition of sedentary lifestyle.

Max 1 mark

[1]

Q9.

[AO1 = 2] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of two marks.

• • • •

Cancer (1) Heart disease / heart attacks (1) Diabetes (1) High cholesterol (1)

Accept any other suitable negative effect of obesity on physical health.

Max 2 marks

[2]

Q10.

[AO1 = 2] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of two marks.

• • •

Heart disease (1) Diabetes (1) Poor self-esteem (1)

Accept any other suitable consequence of a sedentary lifestyle. Do not credit obesity as it has been identified as a consequence in the question stem.

[2]

Q11.

[AO2 = 3] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of three marks •

Obesity increases strain on the joints increasing the risk of injury or osteoarthritis (1)

•

Obesity increases strain on the cardiovascular system increasing risk of heart disease (1)

•

Obesity can cause high blood pressure or high cholesterol or clogs the arteries resulting in a stroke or heart attack (1)

•

Obesity increases the strain on the respiratory system leading to shortness of breath (1)

•

Obesity increases the risk of diabetes resulting in early mortality (1)

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•

Obesity decreases mobility resulting in a lack of speed or agility (1)

•

Obesity causes early onset of fatigue resulting in giving up quicker (1)

Accept any other suitable response.

[3]

Q12.

[AO1 = 3] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of three marks Obesity •

Obesity (1)

•

Being extremely overweight (1)

•

Can be caused by eating too much and exercising too little (1)

Anorexia •

Anorexia (1)

•

Being extremely underweight (1)

•

Caused by eating insufficient amounts of food (1)

Accept the above plus any other suitable response.

[3]

Q13.

[AO2 = 3] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of three marks.

Answers must link a negative effect of obesity to a named racket sport, e.g. tennis, badminton.

• • • •

Limits stamina / cardiovascular endurance – so cannot perform for the whole game / set(s) (1) Limits flexibility – so cannot reach for the ball / shuttlecock (1) Limits agility – so cannot change direction to intercept ball / shuttlecock / move around the court quickly enough (1) Limits speed / power – so cannot get to the ball / shuttlecock quickly enough / cannot jump high enough to reach for the ball / shuttlecock / cannot create the power to win the rally (1)

Accept any other suitable explanation of a negative effect that obesity could have on performance. Explanation must be applied to a named racket sport.

Max 3 marks

[3]

Q14.

[AO1 = 3]

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Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of three marks Obesity (Sub-max 1 mark) •

A body mass index (BMI) of over 30 (1)

•

Over 20% above standard weight for height ratio (1)

Avoidance (Sub-max 2 marks) •

Taking part in regular exercise (1)

•

Following a balanced or healthy diet or not over eating (1)

•

Maintaining an energy balance − the amount of food energy taken in should not exceed the energy expended (1)

Accept any other suitable response.

[3]

Q15.

[AO1 = 2

AO2 = 2]

Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of four marks AO1 (Sub-max 2 marks) •

Well defined muscles (1)

•

Broad shoulders (1)

•

Wedge shaped or triangular or v-shaped (1)

•

Narrow hips (1)

AO2 (Sub-max 2 marks) •

Well defined muscles − which allow them to be strong in the tackle (1)

•

Well defined muscles − which will give them more power for a start in swimming (1)

•

Well defined muscles − which will give them muscular endurance to maintain performance in any of these activities (1)

•

Broad shoulders − develop power needed in swimming arm action (1)

Accept any other suitable response.

[4]

Q16. (i)

Award one mark for each factor.

•

Excess amounts of food/junk food

•

Lack of exercise

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•

An unbalanced diet/due to excess fats. Accept unhealthy diet.

2

(ii)

Award one mark for a correctly identified substance and one further mark for why it is important.

•

Carbohydrate/energy source

•

Fat/energy source, warmth/shock absorber or protection

•

Vitamins/help bones/ teeth/ skin grow/regulate chemical reactions and processes in the body

•

Minerals/calcium salts strengthen bones/essential for efficient working of the body

•

Fibre/keeps digestive system working

•

Water/prevents dehydration/helps regulate body temperature.

2

[4]

Q17.

[AO1 = 2

AO2 = 4]

Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of six marks.

• • •

(AO1) Increased strain on the respiratory system (1) (AO2) Leading to shortness of breath (1) (AO2) Which means he will give up quicker (1)

• • •

(AO1) Increased strain on the cardiovascular system (1) (AO2) Leading to higher pulse rate (1) (AO2) Unable to sustain aerobic activity (1)

• • •

(AO1) Increased weight to carry around (1) (AO2) Which will decrease mobility (1) (AO2) Resulting in a lack of speed or ability to change direction quickly (1)

Accept any other suitable response.

[6]

Q18.

[AO1 = 1 Level

AO2 = 2 Marks

3

5-6

2

3-4

AO3 = 3] Description

Knowledge of somatotypes is accurate and generally well detailed. Application to a performer in basketball is mostly clear and effective. Discussion is thorough, reaching valid and well-reasoned links to John's suitability to playing basketball. The answer is generally clear, coherent and focused, with appropriate use of terminology Knowledge of somatotypes is evident but is more detailed for some than others. There is some appropriate and effective Page 9 of 13

1

1-2

0

application to a performer in basketball, although not always presented with clarity. Any discussion is clear reaching valid and well-reasoned links to John’s suitability to playing basketball. The answer lacks coherence in places, although terminology is used appropriately on occasions.

Knowledge of the stages of somatotypes is limited.

Application to a performer in basketball is either absent or inappropriate. Discussion is poorly focused or absent, with few or no reasoned links to John’s suitability to playing basketball. The answer as a whole lacks clarity and has inaccuracies. Terminology is either absent or inappropriately used.

No relevant content.

Possible content may include: AO1 – Knowledge of somatotypes, e.g.

• Knowledge of somatotype, i.e. ectomorph • Likely to have a low fat content AO2 – Application to a performer in basketball, e.g.

• Ectomorphs are often seen playing basketball • In basketball, height is a key component as you are closer to the height of the basket • Less likely to have shots blocked if tall • Need to be able to reach to catch the ball / rebound AO3 – Analysis / evaluation of John's suitability to playing basketball, e.g.

• It does provide a distinctive advantage so would be a good sport to try • Being tall is not enough on its own to be good at basketball • You also need specific skills, e.g. dribbling • Not all players are tall that have been elite • Argument that mesomorph body type is equally important to have the muscular strength to play basketball • John may be better combining some muscle bulk to his naturally ectomorph frame to increase his chances of success • John may simply not like the sport so his body type is irrelevant Credit any other suitable responses to the question.

Max 6 marks

[6]

Q19. (a)

[AO1 = 2] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of two marks •

Endomorph (1)

•

Mesomorph (1) 2

(b)

[AO1 = 3] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of three

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marks •

slender or slim or thin or skinny (1)

•

thin arms and legs (1)

•

narrow shoulders (1)

•

narrow hips (1)

•

very little muscle (1)

•

very little fat (1)

•

long (tall) – accept short (1) 3

(c)

[AO2 = 2] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of two marks •

in endurance activities (marathon or long distance running) it would be easier to run (1)

•

Because very little weight to be carried around (1)

•

In high jump a lighter body weight (1)

•

Would make it easier to jump over the bar (1)

•

In netball it would be an advantage because a goal shooter would have a higher reach (1)

•

To give the team a higher chance of scoring (1)

Accept any other suitable response.

2

[7]

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Examiner reports Q2.

This was a multiple choice question. There was a range in how well this question was answered.

The level of difficultly of this question varied, although the majority of students were able to pick up marks here.

Q3.

This was one of the least well answered questions in this series.

Q5.

This question was answered correctly by the majority of students. Those students who failed to gain a mark did not qualify tiredness with extreme / severe.

Q6.

Well answered.

The most usual answers were body build or body shape.

Q11.

Students referred mainly to the impact on the heart, such as heart attacks, clogging of arteries or strain on the heart, and strain on the joints causing a lack of, or slowing of, movement. Where students were unsuccessful, their responses did not refer to effects on the body as the question asked, instead stating things like low self-esteem.

Q12.

This question was generally answered well. Weaker candidates only identified a problem and gave the cause and did not gain a mark for a description.

Q14.

Successful students were able to state what obesity is by using key words, such as ‘severely’ and ‘extremely’, when referring to being overweight. A few students were able to refer to the correct percentage on the BMI index. In comparison, most incorrect answers used vague statements such as ‘too fat’ or ‘over fat’. The vast majority of students were then able to identify that regular exercise and a balanced diet would prevent obesity.

Q16.

Both parts of the question were well answered.

Q17.

Students were mostly aware of the range of problems that obesity can cause and could state at least two suitable responses. However, identifying how the stated negative effect would affect both an individual and particularly his ability to perform was not always explained.

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Students often stated heart disease or clogging of arteries resulting in poor oxygen flow to the muscles. They then failed to give the effect on performance. Likewise, with problems related to increased weight causing joint pain, students often failed to state what the effect on performance level would be, but rather ideas of not being able to train or take part.

Diabetes was accepted in the mark scheme, and it was a common response. However, students struggled to link the need to monitor carbohydrate intake and adjust insulin to keep blood sugar levels balanced. Once again many students just stated that participation would stop and did not relate this to performance levels.

Q19. (a)

This question was answered very well by the vast majority of students. The spelling of mesomorph was sometimes written with an ‘a’ instead of the first ‘o’.

(b)

Again this part was answered well, with the majority of students achieving full marks.

However in most cases, students did not use terms such as slender or narrow when describing the hips and shoulders of an ectomorph, preferring instead to use thin or skinny.

(c)

This part was not so well answered and often students would just repeat the descriptions used in (b). As a result, many students failed to identify an advantage of being an ectomorph. Themost common correct responses were related to jockeys / runners being lighter so they can go faster or basketball players being taller so that it is easier for them to shoot or block an opponent.

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