Q1. Tackling is a skill used in rugby. Define skill. (Total 1 mark)
Q2. What is meant by an ‘open skill’? (Total 1 mark)
Q3. State what is meant by an ‘open skill’. (Total 1 mark)
Q4. Name an open skill. (Total 1 mark)
Q5. (a)
Describe what is meant by an open skill. (1)
(b)
Give an example of an open skill from a named activity. (1) (Total 2 marks)
Q6. What type of skill is catching a ball in a game of rounders or cricket? Justify your answer. (Total 3 marks)
Q7. Classify the skill of a rugby tackle using each of the following classifications: • • • •
basic / complex open / closed self-paced / externally-paced gross / fine.
Justify your choices. (Total 4 marks)
Q8. What type of skill is a basketball free throw? Justify your answer. (Total 4 marks)
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Q9. Classify the skill of marathon running using each of the following classifications: • • • •
basic/complex open/closed self-paced/externally-paced gross/fine.
Explain your choices. (Total 4 marks)
Q10. Anna is a young athlete who is a member of her local athletics club. She has SMART targets. (a)
What do the S, M and T in SMART stand for? (3)
(b)
Anna is running a half marathon. Her previous best of 2 hours, 20 minutes was achieved last year. She has set herself the following target for this year: ‘Finish in under 2 hours, 15 minutes.’ Justify why this is a SMART target. (4)
(c)
Define the terms performance goals and outcome goals. (2)
(d)
Suggest one performance goal and one outcome goal for a 100 m sprinter. (2) (Total 11 marks)
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Mark schemes Q1. [AO1 = 1] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of one mark. •
A learned action / learned behaviour (with the intention of bringing about pre-determined results with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time and energy) (1)
Accept any other suitable definition of skill. Max 1 mark
[1]
Q2. [AO1 = 1] Award one mark for stating what is meant by an open skill. •
A skill which is performed in a certain way to deal with a changing or unstable environment, e.g. to outwit an opponent (1)
Accept any other suitable response. [1]
Q3. [AO1 = 1] Award up to one mark for stating what an open skill is •
A skill which is performed in a certain way to deal with a changing or unstable environment, e.g. to outwit an opponent (1)
•
A skill that is affected by constantly changing / external factors or environmental factors or the environment is not predictable (1)
•
Skills require adjustment / to suit the situation or weather or opponents or team mates (1)
Accept any other suitable response. [1]
Q4. [AO2 = 1] Award one mark for naming an open skill. •
Dribbling a ball (1)
•
Receiving a pass in a game (1)
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•
Returning a serve (1)
Accept any other suitable response. [1]
Q5. (a)
[AO1 = 1] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of one mark •
A skill which is performed in a certain way to deal with a changing or unstable environment, e.g. to outwit an opponent (1)
Accept any other suitable response. 1
(b)
[AO2 = 1] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of one mark •
A skill from a game, e.g. dribbling the ball in hockey, football, basketball (1)
Accept any other suitable response. 1
[3]
Q6. [AO2 = 1
AO3 = 2]
Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of three marks. AO2 •
An open skill (1)
AO3 • • •
It is a skill that is affected by constantly changing external factors (1) It is a skill that requires adjustment dependent on the speed or trajectory of the ball, or the positioning of the fielder (1) It is a skill that involves decision making as it is an externally paced skill (1)
Accept any other suitable responses. [3]
Q7. [AO2 = 4] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of four marks. Classifications must be justified. •
Complex – requires decision making/timing to complete tackle / action which requires thought or cognitive ability to be safe (1)
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• •
•
Open skill – action is affected by the environment / carried out in a way to tackle moving performers (1) Self-paced – the speed / pace / rate of the movement is controlled by you / when to tackle, you decide when to wrap arms around opponent (1) / (Accept externally-paced if linked to tackle completed when the opponent is there to be tackled) Gross – involves big movements of the body / involves the use of large muscle groups / movements when running do not tend not to rely on accuracy and precision (1) / (Accept fine if linked to a tap tackle)
Accept any other suitable justification of how a rugby tackle can be classified. Classifications must be justified. Max 4 marks
[4]
Q8. [AO2 = 1
AO3 = 3]
Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of four marks. AO2 •
Closed skill (1)
AO3 • • • •
It is unaffected by the environment as the distance from the basket is always the same (1) The skill can always be executed in the same way as it is a set technique or predominately habitual (1) It can be executed at the individual performer’s own pace as it is unchallenged or they determine when to perform the shot (1) Few decisions have to be made to perform it as it is a set technique (1) [4]
Q9. [AO2 = 4] Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of four marks. Classifications must be justified. • • •
•
Basic – repeated action which requires little thought or cognitive ability / perception (1) Closed skill – repeated running action largely unaffected by the environment / other runners (1) / Accept Open skill if linked to changing environment of runners moving positions / changing position on the road to avoid others) Self-paced – the speed / pace / rate of the movement is controlled by you / when running a long distance race, you decide how fast to run (1) / Accept externally-paced if linked to responding to a pace maker / other runners dictating the pace Gross – involves big movements of the body / involves the use of large muscle groups / movements when running do not tend not to rely on accuracy and precision (1)
Accept any other suitable justification of how marathon running can be classified. Classifications must be justified.
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[4]
Q10. [AO1 = 3] (a)
Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of three marks. • • •
Specific (1) Measurable (1) Time-bound (1) Max 3 marks
[AO3 = 4] (b)
Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of four marks. • • • • •
It is specific to the race / event (1) It is measurable as it is a time (1) It is accepted by Anna as she wrote it down (1) (Accept that to be fully accepted it would be good to be accepted by her coach as well, if she has one) It is realistic as she has a personal best of 2 hours, 20 minutes so could possibly manage 2 hours, 15 minutes (1) It is time phased, i.e. by the end of the marathon (1)
Accept any other suitable justification as to why Anna’s target of finishing the half marathon in under 2 hours, 15 minutes is SMART. Max 4 marks
[AO1 = 2] (c)
Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of two marks. • •
Performance goals – personal standards to be achieved / compare themselves against what they have already done / suggest what they are going to do / there is no comparison with other performers (1) Outcome goals – focus on end result / winning (1)
Accept any other suitable definition of performance goals and / or outcome goals. Max 2 marks
[AO2 = 2] (d)
Award one mark for each of the following points up to a maximum of two marks. • •
Performance goal – to get a good start / get out of the blocks quickly / stay low at the start (1) Outcome goal – to win the race / win a medal (1)
Accept any other suitable suggestion of a performance goal and / or an outcome goal. Answers must relate to a 100 m sprinter. Max 2 marks
[11]
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Examiner reports Q2. Most students were able to state what is meant by an ‘open skill’. Nearly all referred to or stated an environmental factor, with fewer students mentioning constantly changing or requiring adjustment. Students struggled with this area of the specification, often failing to gain high marks.
Q3. The vast majority of students gained some credit on this question. The most common response was ‘a skill that is affected by a constantly changing environment’ and students who said this could usually quote two or three valid examples.
Q4. In their responses to this question, many students stated ‘a game’, ‘passing’ or ‘a free kick’.
Q6. Over half of the students failed to know that the answer was an open skill. There was a wide variety of alternative responses, including closed, basic and simple skill, and hand-eye coordination. The mark scheme permitted correct examples.
Q8. Although most students were able to state that a basketball free throw is a ‘closed skill’, some referred to it as a complex, simple or open skill and therefore were not credited with any marks. Nearly all those gaining additional marks referred to the fact it is unaffected by the environment and that there was no interference from opposing players. Some also mentioned the distance was always the same and the hoop remained in the same position. As in previous series, this area of the specification needs to be taught more effectively if students are to gain high marks.
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