Technical Bulletin No. 6/2012
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF LILIUM UNDER JAMMU CONDITIONS R. K. Pandey Uma Shankar Sheetal Dogra Deep Ji Bhat
Division of Vegetable Science and Floriculture
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu
Technical Bulletin No. 6/2012
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF LILIUM UNDER JAMMU CONDITIONS R. K. Pandey Uma Shankar Sheetal Dogra Deep Ji Bhat
Year of Publication: March 2012 © Dr. R. K. Pandey
Division of Vegetable Science and Floriculture
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF LILIUM Lilium is one of the most important bulbous flowers and stands among the top ten cut flowers of the world. It has wide array of flower colour, mild fragrance and comparatively longer vase life. Due to sturdy and long stem they are in great demand and fetch better price in market ranging from Rs. 10-60/stem. Among different Lilium species, Oriental and Asiatic hybrids are the most common as cut-flower. 1. Climate: The optimum temperature for growth should be 10-25oC with indirect sunlight to produce quality spike.
2. Soil: For Lilium cultivation soil should be well drained, rich in organic manure and having depth 60-90 cm and good moisture holding capacity with pH 6.5-7.5. 3. Planting time: Jammu hills (Temperate climate) – April-May Jammu plains (Sub tropical climate)
2
–Oct-Nov 4. Varieties: (A) Asiatic Lily:- Bulbs are small 10-16 cm. Yellow- Nov Cento, Pollyanna, Novana, Orange- Grand Paradeso, Brunello Pink-
Gironde
Red-
Mercedes
White- London, (B) Oriental Lily:- Bulbs are large 16-22 cm in diameter. Varieties-Star Gaser, Macropolo, & Casablanca.
Pollyanna
Mercedes
5. Planting rate: Bulb should be planted at a spacing of 10X15 cm and 50bulbs/sq m (25000 bulbs/kanal) planted. Generally bed size 1X 9 m is recommended. (i) Planted depth: planting depth of bulbs is usually kept 10-15 cm depending upon the bulb size.
3
(ii) Spacing: Small- 15x15 cm Medium - 20x20 cm Large - 30x30 cm apart 6. Manure and fertilizer: Four tones of well rotten FYM is recommended per acre (5 quintal/kanal) and it should be mixed one month before planting. 40 kg Nitrogen/acre of which 20Kg (5 kg/kanal) as basal dose and 20Kg as top dressing after 45 days of planting, 20 kg phosphorus/acre (2.5 kg/kanal) preferably through SSP and 15 kg potash/acre (1.5 kg/kanal) should applied in the field as basal dose. 7. Propagation: Commercially Lilium can be propagated by asexual method. (i) Bulblets (ii) Bulbils (iii) Scales 8. Inter-culture operation: (i) Staking: All lilies are staked with sticks when they reached at blooming. (ii) Weeding: Several weeds affect the crop at different level and they can be controlled by 3-4 hand weeding and with spray of Chlorophos @ 3.5 lit/ha as preemergence weedicide.
4
9. Harvesting of flowers: Flowers become ready for harvesting after 90120 days of planting. Local market- When 1-2 florets open Distance market- When 1-2 florets show colour. 10. Packing: Generally 6 stems of standard Lilium flower tied in one bundle and several such bundles then packed in corrugated box. 11. Storage of bulbs: Bulbs should be dug-up, when the aerial parts have dried. Usually after 40-50 days of flowering. They should be properly cleaned, graded and treated with Bavistin @1 gm/lit. Then bulb can be placed either in moist peato moss or in saw dust in alternate layer in the crates and stored at 2-4 C with 8090% relative humidity for 8-10 weeks (2-3 months) and bulbs to be planted in coming growing season. In hilly areas bulbs can be stored in moist moss and sand. 12. Plant protection: (A) Pests: (i) Aphids (Aphis gossypii): It can be controlled by spraying Metasystox, Monocrotophos @ 0.1%. (ii) Thrips (Tetranychus simplex): It can be controlled by spraying Nuvacron @ 0.1 to 0.15%. (iii) White Flies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum): Spraying of Neem- cake or Phosphomidon @ 0.05% or Acephate @ 0.05%. (iv) Mites (Tetranychus urticae): It can be controlled by 0.2% Melathion, Kelthane @0.02% to 0.04% or Nuvacron @ 0.1 to 0.15%. (B) Diseases: Botrytis rot: Small dark brown dots are visible on the foliage. The infection starts from middle of the blade and plant growth retarded. Control: Spray of bavistin @ 0.1% prior to flowering (ii) Rhizoctonia: The younger leaves and growing points are usually damaged; flower buds dry at an early stage. Control: Disinfect the soil prior to planting by using fumigant e.g. mercuric
5
chloride. iii) Soft bulb rot: It occurs on bulbs either due to injury or excessive moisture. The fungus spreads due to excessive moisture resulting in total collapse of roots and shoots. Control: Inter culture operation should be carried out very carefully so that any chance of bulb injury may be avoided and maintain optimum soil aeration in the soil.
Protocol for micropagation of Lilium var. Novacento & Pollyanna Explants (Scales of bulbs) Sterilization ( 0.1% Mercuric Chloride for 7.5min.) ▼ Transfer to Nutrient medium (MS + 0.75mg/l BAP + 0.5mg / l NAA) ▼ Formation of microbulbs 6 / explant (45days) (MS + 0.75mg/l BAP + 0.5mg / l NAA) ▼ Subculturing of microbulbs for shoot regeneration on same nutrient medium (30 days) ▼ Transfer on nutrient medium for root regeneration (MS + 1.0mg/l NAA) (25-30 days) ▼ Biological Hardening (60 days) Growing Medium – Cocopeat ▼ Transfer to polyhouse (Soil + Perlite ) ▼ 500 plantlets transferred during Jan 2010 6
Multiplication of Lilium
Explants in establishment medium
Rooting of bulblets
Hardening & Acclimatization 7
For more information contact: Dr. R. K. Pandey Associate Professor Division of Vegetable Sciences & Floriculture, Faculty of Agriculture SKUAST-Jammu Phone No. 9419193687
8
Technical Bulletin No. 6/2012
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF LILIUM UNDER JAMMU CONDITIONS R. K. Pandey Uma Shankar Sheetal Dogra Deep Ji Bhat
Division of Vegetable Science and Floriculture
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu