Children in Montenegro - UNICEF, 2012

D a t a f r o m t h e 2 0 11 C e n s u s CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

UNICEF Montenegro Vladike Danila 28 20 000 Podgorica, Montenegro E-mail: podgorica@unicef.org www.unicef.org/montenegro © United Nation Children’s Fund (UNICEF), August 2012

Data from the 2011 Census

Publisher:

D a t a f r o m t h e 2 0 11 C e n s u s 1

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO D ATA F R O M T H E 2 0 1 1 C E N S U S Study prepared by: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT, Podgorica, Montenegro; Team members: Dr Bozidar Popovic, Snezana Remikovic, Biljana Sekulovic, Dragan Dubak, Natasa Saranovic, and Katarina Bigovic (translation). © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) August 2012 Permission to reproduce any part of this publication is required.

Please contact UNICEF Montenegro (Vladike Danila 28, 20 000 Podgorica, Montenegro, Tel: +382 20 224 277; Fax: +382 20 224 278; E-mail: podgorica@unicef.org). Permission will be freely granted to educational or non-profit organizations.

The statements in this publication are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies or the views of UNICEF.

Photography: UNICEF Montenegro/Zoran Jovanovic Maccak UNICEF Montenegro/Risto Bozovic UNICEF Montenegro/Dusko Miljanic Design & prepress: Milovan Kadovic Editing and proofreading: Peter Stonelake

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TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD........................................................................................................4

METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................6

DEMOGRAPHY..................................................................................................12

EDUCATION......................................................................................................24

EARLY MARRIAGE AND MOTHERHOOD.......................................................42

CHILD LABOUR................................................................................................52

CITIZENSHIP......................................................................................................60

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS...............................................68

ANNEX 1: STATISTICAL MATRICES.................................................................................76

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FOREWORD Dear readers, The Government of Montenegro, MONSTAT and UNICEF share a commitment to improving knowledge and understanding of the situation of children in Montenegro and ensuring that knowledge is used to develop national action to ensure better outcomes for all of our children.

The “Children in Montenegro” booklet contributes to strengthening knowledge on children by consolidating key data on the situation of children obtained by 2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings.

We are confident that the key decision makers at national and local level will find in this book useful information about the problems that our children are coping with, which will help them identify the most effective solutions.

According to the 2011 Census, in Montenegro, 5% of children aged from 6 to 17 years, i.e. 5,313 of them do not attend school.

443 children aged from 15 to 17 years are labour active while 187 of them are employed. 310 children aged from 15 to 17 years are married, and 69% of them are girls.

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These and other data from the publication “Children in Montenegro” clearly show that childhood experience in our country is diverse. We are pleased to see that for most children it is a period of play, learning, socialising in school and growing up in a warm family environment. However, we are concerned that for some, childhood is broken by not going to school or facing challenges of the adults’ world prematurely and unprepared such as early marriage and taking care of children, employment and so on.

Every society is responsible for enabling every child to develop to his or her full potential. Our intention is, through this publication, to stimulate public dialogue based on statistically reliable data needed for the development of effective policies.

Our goal is to contribute to the changes that will enable every child in Montenegro to develop to his or her full potential. As society and as individuals we owe that to our children.

Ms Gordana Radojevic, MSc Director of the Statistical Office of Montenegro

Benjamin Perks, UNICEF Representative

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T

he Census of Population, Households and Dwellings (hereinafter referred to as the “Census”) was conducted in Montenegro in the period from 1st to 15th April 2011.

The Census was conducted according to the situation on 31st March 2011 at 24:00, which is considered as the referent moment of the Census.

Immediately after the Census was finished, a quality control of the Census was performed on a representative sample of enumeration areas in order to evaluate the coverage and quality of data collected by the Census. The first results of the control indicate full co-

verage of Census units. The Census was conducted in a traditional manner using the interview method, on a doorto-door principle. Interviews with respondents were performed by enumerators.

A Census, in accordance with international recommendations, conducted every ten years, is a process of collecting, processing, and publishing demographic, economic, educational, migration, ethno-cultural, and social data related to the population of the country in a certain period. Also, the Census provides data on the number of house-

The preparation, organisation and conducting of the Census are based on principles of relevance, impartiality, transparency, timeliness, professional independence, rationality, consistency, publicity, statistical confidentiality, and usage of personal data exclusively for statistical purposes.

The Census was conducted in accordance with the Law on the Census of the Population, Households, and Dwellings in 20111, and Methodology for the Preparation, Organisation, and Conducting of the Census (hereinafter referred to as the “Methodology”). The Methodology is fully harmonised with international standards which determine common rules on collecting population data, and the most important ones are:  The Conference of European Statisticians’ Recommendations for the 2010 1

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METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY

Censuses of Population and Housing, prepared in cooperation with the UN Economic Commission for Europe and Statistical Office of the European Communities - EUROSTAT;

holds and dwellings, and their characteristics.

 Regulation (EC) No 763/ 2008 of the European Parliament, and of the EU Council on population and housing censuses, and  Regulation (EC) No 1201/ 2009 on implementing Regulation (EC) No 763/ 2008 of the European Parliament and of the EU Council on population and housing censuses regarding the technical specifications of the topics and of their breakdowns.

The units of the census are population, households, and dwellings.

The Census covers citizens of

Official Gazette of Montenegro, No. 41/10, 44/10, 75/10

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

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The population refers to persons whose usual place of residence is in Montenegro.

The usual place of residence is the place where a person usually resides regardless of temporary absence for the purposes of recreation, holiday, visits to friends or relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage; as well as the place where a person has been resident continuously, at least from 1 April 2010, or he/she has 8

arrived in that place later but with the intention of staying there at least for one year.

The Methodology is prepared so as to ensure that every person has only one usual place of residence. In the international context this is important in order to avoid there being individuals included in the total population number in several countries or not included at all. Actually, the main objective of the Census is to determine the exact number of people who live and use the infrastructure of a particular geographic area.

Data on age was obtained from a statement about the respondent’s date of birth.

The data about age is presented by the years of age already reached. This means that, for example, the age interval from 5 to 9 years of age includes people who have reached 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 years.

The data on marital status is

received based on the statement of the person on his/her legal marital status, regardless of the “de facto” situation.

Marital status is presented for the population aged 15 years or older.

The data on citizenship is collected on the basis of the responses on citizenship. All data is received only based on the statement of the person, without checking personal documentation.

Knowledge of foreign languages is defined as the ability of a person to understand, speak, read, and write a certain foreign language. Data is collected for up to three foreign languages. All data is received exclusively based on a respondent’s statement.

Computer literacy is defined as the ability to use basic computer applications for performing daily tasks. In reference to this, the data collected related to the ability to use programme applications – word

processing and spreadsheet applications, an Internet browser and e-mail client. A person able to apply all four mentioned applications is considered computer literate.

Those who are able to use one, two or three applications but not all four of them are considered partially computer literate. Those who are not able to use any of the mentioned applications are considered computer illiterate. The answer was collected on the basis of the respondent’s statement.

METHODOLOGY

Montenegro, citizens of Montenegro and foreign citizens, foreign citizens and persons without citizenship (stateless persons) who have residence (permanent or temporary) in Montenegro, irrespective of whether they are at the moment of the Census in Montenegro or abroad, irrespective of whether they possess personal identification documents at the moment of the Census or not, and irrespective of whether they live in a dwelling, other type of building or in public areas.

The 2011 Census collected data related to the economic activity of the person, i.e. activities carried out by a person in the period from 25th to 31st March 2011, the week preceding the census. The response was collected from persons aged 15 years and older, and on the basis of their statement.

In the census any person in the week preceding the census (from 25 to 31 March 2011) is considered employed who: CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

9

In the census a person is considered unemployed who:  in the week before the census (from 25 to 31 March 2011) did not work, but he/she was actively looking for a job during March 2011 (four weeks before the census), and he/she is ready to start working during the following two weeks.

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Fertility is a generally presented and well known term coming from the Latin word “fertilities” and it means “fertility, ability to give birth”.

Fertile age is the age in life of a woman when she is biologically able to give birth, and it is scientifically defined as the period from 15-49 years. Certainly, there are women who can give birth and do give birth before 15 or after 49.

The Census collected data on the total number of liveborn children including children who were not alive at the moment of the Census.

This question referred only to female individuals aged 15 years or more, regardless of their marital status.

The Census collected data on school attendance for any person regardless of age.

© UNICEF Montenegro/Risto Bozovic

 has not worked (due to illness, vacation, state or religious holiday, education, training, maternity leave, reduced production or other temporary inability to work), but he/she has a job to which he/she will return.

Active population refers to any employed or unemployed person aged 15 years or over.

METHODOLOGY

 performed any kind of regular or usual work for wage/profit (in cash, goods or services) for at least one hour or any kind of unpaid work (in a company, professional practice or agricultural farm in the possession of any member of his/her family), or

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

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According to the 2011 Population Census, 145 126 children

D

emographical data, particularly on age and gender, is crucial for understanding the distribution of edu cational, social, employment and health indicators and opportunities across the entire population.

To obtain data on age, the census collected information on date of birth. Data collection on the date of birth enables tabulation in two ways: by year of birth and by age reached. Although UN and Eurostat recommendations foresee the case where the data on age is missing and for this eventuality the data 12

should be afterwards entered on the basis of other data on people or households, the Statistical Office of Montenegro did not use this imputation method or method of inserting the data on age.

Children, the young, and elderly people are recognised as separate population categories for which different types of census data is requested.

Thus, for example, for children’s and young people’s education, this data is of key importance, while for adults, data on economic activity is more relevant. The example mentioned and all other char-

up to 18 years of age live in Montenegro. Their share of the total population is 23.4%.

The percentages in the chart below refer to the share of children in the total population according the data from the 2003 and 2011 Censuses.

Comparing the two census years, the conclusion is that there was a decrease in the

DEMOGRAPHY

DEMOGRAPHY

acteristics collected by the census become more useful if they are cross-referenced with gender and age. It is important to note that recommended age groups were used so that the data can be compared spatially and by time.

Chart 1: Population pyramids of the population in Montenegro according to the 2003 and 2011 Censuses Male

Female

2003

Male

Female

2011 CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% Pluzine

Cetinje

Savnik

Zabljak

Pljevlja

Herceg Novi

Kotor

Kolasin

Danilovgrad

Tivat

Andrijevica

Budva

Mojkovac

Bar

Niksic

% decrease in the share of children in the total population

share of children in the total population in 2011 compared with 2003 in all municipalities. The difference, i.e. the decrease in the share of children in the total population is highest in Danilovgrad (5%), Cetinje and Plav (4%). The lowest decrease of almost 1% is in Berane.

the population consists of children aged 18 years or less.

Then come Plav with 27%, Berane with 26%, Bijelo Polje and Podgorica with 25% of children in the total population. The lowest number of children (18%) is found in the municipalities of Pluzine, Cetinje, Savnik and Zabljak.

According to the 2011 Census data, the share of children in the total population by municipality indicates that in Rozaje almost one-third of

In 2011, the share of children was higher in the following six municipalities: Rozaje, Plav, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Podgorica, and Ulcinj, than in Monte-

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The share of population of age under 18 in the total population is decreasing. Accordingly, in 2003, the share of children in the total population was 25.3%, while this percentage in 2011 was 23.4%. A decrease in the number of chil-

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Risto Bozovic

Montenegro

2011

Ulcinj

Podgorica

Bijelo Polje

Berane

Plav

Rozaje

2003

In 2003, the share of children in the total population was 25.3%, and eight municipalities had a higher-than-average share compared to the whole country, which are:

Mojkovac, Danilovgrad, Podgorica, Berane, Ulcinj, Bijelo Polje, Plav and Rozaje.

DEMOGRAPHY

negro as a whole. All the other municipalities, fifteen of them, have a lower share of children in the total population, than the country average.

Chart 2: Share of children in the total population, by municipality, 2003 and 2011 Censuses

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

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DEMOGRAPHY

Chart 2: Share of children in the total population, by municipality, in % 2003 Census

2011 Census

Pljevlja 19.0 Pluzine 17.9

Pljevlja 21.4

Bijelo Polje 25.5 Savnik 18.0

Mojkovac 22.3

Kolasin 25.0

Niksic 22.9

Tivat 21.6

Danilovgrad 21.0 Podgorica 24.6 Cetinje 18.0

Zabljak 21.3 Bijelo Polje 27.2 Savnik 20.2

Berane 26.1

Kotor 20.2 Herceg Novi 20.2

Pluzine 20.7

Zabljak 18.3

Rozaje 31.7

Andrijevica 22.1 Plav 27.3

Berane 26.8 Kolasin 23.7

Niksic 24.5

Kotor 22.3 Herceg Novi 21.7 Tivat 22.8

Budva 22.2

Mojkovac 25.4

Danilovgrad 25.7 Podgorica 26.1 Cetinje 22.5

Rozaje 34.0

Andrijevica 23.2 Plav 31.2

Budva 24.2 Bar 22.6

17.90 - 19.99

Bar 24.1

20.00 - 23.99 Ulcinj 23.7

24.00 - 27.99

Ulcinj 26.8

28.00 - 34.00

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CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

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In 2003, the municipalities of Rozaje and Plav were recognized as the municipalities with the highest percentage of children out of the total population, i.e. 34% and 31% respectively. The 2011 Census characterised only Ro-

zaje in this manner, although this municipality indicated a decrease in the number of children from 34% down to 32%, meaning that a third of the inhabitants of Rozaje are aged 18 years or less. In municipalities of Pljevlja, Zabljak, Savnik, Pluzine and Cetinje, the percentage of children out of the total population is less than 20% according to the 2011 Census, while this was not the case in 2003.

firms the vital statistics produced by the Statistical Office of Montenegro, which show a growth in the birth rate in the last five years. In both census years when observing age structure, children are on average older. More children under five years of age are recorded in the 2011 Census than in the 2003 Census, but,

there were more children aged 15 years and over in 2003 than in 2011.

The 2011 Census indicated fewer children of all individual years of age compared with the 2003 Census.

DEMOGRAPHY

dren, from 156 683 to 145 126, was recorded both in terms of percentage and absolute number. In other words, there were 11 557 less children in 2011 compared with the data from the census conducted eight years earlier.

Out of the total population, older children are more rep-

Chart 5: Age structure of children aged between 0 and 17 years, 2003 and 2011 Censuses

The data on age structure from the 2011 Census con10,000

Chart 4: Age structure of Montenegrin population by individual years of age and gender 9,000 10,000 9,000 8,000

8,000

7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000

7,000

1,000 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100 103 106 109

1

0

AGE

18

Total

Male

Female

2003.

2011.

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

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0 15 -17

0

5%

15 -17

1 -3

19%

1 -3

18%

15%

16%

4 -5

4 -5

10%

10%

10 -14

10 -14

29%

29% 6 -9

6 -9

22%

22%

2003.

resented. Thus, children of age: 17, 16 or 15 have a share of more than 6%. There is a constant decrease of 5% in the proportion of children under 1 year of age. The lowest share of children is visible among children in their first year (4.9%).

The size of individual age groups in the total children population did not significantly fluctuate in period between the two censuses.

The average age of popula20

5%

2011.

tion in 2003 was 35.9 years, and in 2011 it was 37.2 years.

The average age of children did not change from 2003, and it was 9 years.

The gender structure indicates that there are more boys than girls in the observed population. The total number of boys is 75 367, and the total number of girls is 69 759. While the majority of the total population are women with 51%, the majority in the observed population (children under 18

The changes noticed between the two censuses in municipalities with a small population may be caused by socalled “small numbers�, and relative indicators show large variations but in real, absolute terms, the differences can be very small.

In the majority of municipalities in Montenegro there are more boys than girls. In 2003, the largest difference was in Kotor, where there were 110 boys per 100 girls; then in Budva, Danilovgrad and Podgorica: 109; and in Herceg Novi and Rozaje there were 108 boys per 100 girls.

In 2011, a larger difference was noticed in Bar, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi and Rozaje with 111 boys per 100 girls; in Danilovgrad and Berane, 110; in Budva, Kotor, Mojkovac and Podgorica, 109 boys per 100

girls.

The composition of population by gender is defined, among other things, by the proportion of boys and girls out of the total number of live-born children. Such high values of masculinity rates defined in Montenegro in live births are explained by: a decrease in fertility; the wish of parents to have a son at any cost; and by progress in ultrasound methods – which has enabled sex-selective abortion on the grounds of the sex of unborn babies (Pison, 2004).

DEMOGRAPHY

years of age) are boys, with 52%. In 2003, there were 107 boys per 100 girls, and in 2011, 108 boys.

Chart 6: Structure by age group, 2003 and 2011 Censuses

Large differences in the gender structure of children by municipality require further review and may be the subject of a special analysis and survey with a focus on the causes of this phenomenon.

A detailed analysis of this phenomenon would provide an explanation of results discovered by the census.

In the total children population, as well as in all national, CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

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Andrijevica Bar Berane Bijelo Polje Budva Cetinje Danilovgrad Herceg Novi Kolasin Kotor Mojkovac Niksic Plav Pljevlja Pluzine Podgorica Rozaje Savnik Tivat Ulcinj Zabljak Montenegro

i.e. ethnic, groups there are higher percentages of boys than girls. Only among children whose national affiliation was not declared, are there more girls than boys.

The highest difference is in

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Number of boys per 100 girls 2003 2011 106 97 105 111 105 110 105 106 109 109 102 110 109 111 108 111 105 97 110 109 101 109 106 107 106 108 103 102 101 100 109 109 108 111 97 102 107 107 107 105 99 92 107 108

the Egyptian population, i.e.

116 boys per 100 girls, then among Serbs - 110 boys per 100 girls. The smallest difference in the gender structure of children is among Croats, where there are 103 boys per 100 girls.  

Chart 7: The number of children in Montenegro by ethnicity, and gender Male

DEMOGRAPHY

Table 1: The number of boys per 100 girls by municipality, 2003 and 2011 Censuses

Female

35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Montenegrins Serbs Bosniaks Does not Albanians Muslims want to declare

Roma

Other

Egyptians

Croats

Chart 8: Number of boys per 100 girls, by ethnicity

116.0 110.4

108.6

108.3

107.7

107.6

107.2 103.5 99.1

Egyptians Serbs

Muslims

Bosniaks Roma Montenegrians Albanians Croats Does not want to declare

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

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EDUCATION

EDUCATION

he term education refers to all deliberate, systematic and organized action or process of teaching someone especially in a school or university. Most education takes place in schools or universities (or their equivalents), but it can be provided outside these institutions. Data on school attendance was collected by the Census.

School attendance is defined as regular attendance at any accredited educational institution or programme, public or private, for organised learning at any level of education.

Instruction in a particular skill, which is not part of the recognised educational structure of the country (for example

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in-service training courses in factories), is not considered "school attendance" for census purposes. Data on school attendance refers to the time of the census, i.e. 31 March 2011.

Although data on school attendance was collected by the 2003 Census, this data was never published, and that information was only used in processing and data control on the “highest achieved level of education”. However, this publication will present for the first time the 2003 Census data on school attendance in order to compare it with the findings in this area of the 2011 Census.

© UNICEF Montenegro/Risto Bozovic

T

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

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The concept of school attendance is different from, but complementary to, that of enrolment as normally covered by annual school statistics.

Attendance means the day-today presence of participants at an institution of learning.

Enrolment refers to the formal registration of pupils at the start of the school year.

Information on school attendance relates in particular to the population of official school age. For the purpose of this publication children were grouped as follows:  Children of primary education age – 6-14 years of age,  Children of secondary education age – 15-17 years of age.

In addition to this, it should be also noted that exact equivalence with the 2003 Census data is not possible for several reasons:  At the time of the 2003

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Census, children of primary education age was made up of children between 7 and 14 years of age.  At that time, primary school lasted for eight years compared with 2011, when primary school lasted nine years.  In the period between the two censuses, primary education system reform took place and gradually the shift was made from an eight-year to nine-year primary school. At the time of the 2011 Census, primary education lasted for nine years and children enrolled at primary school at 6 years of age.

To enable more simple use of the data on age structure in future surveys, children are grouped by school age. In Montenegro there were 46 114 children of pre-primary school age (under 6 years old) or 7.4% of the total population; 72 637 primary-school-aged children (6-14 years) representing 11.7% of the total popu-

Chart 9: Percentage of children by age group of the total population

Children under 6 years - 7%

Adults - 77%

Children from 6 to 14 years - 12%

Children from15 to 17 years - 4 %

lation. In other words, a tenth of the inhabitants of Montenegro are of primary-school age. As regards secondary school attendance, data on children from 15 to 17 years was considered, and according to the 2011 Census there were 26 375 children in that age group or 4.3% of the total population.

The highest share of primaryschool-aged children in the total population is in the Mu-

nicipality of Rozaje (15.7%), which means that one-sixth of the inhabitants of Rozaje are children aged between 6 and 14 years. One-eleventh of the inhabitants of Pluzine, Cetinje, Savnik, and Zabljak are primary-school-aged children.

Among 72 637 children aged from 6 to 14 years, 68 835 children or 95% of them attend school, and 3 802 children or 5% of this age do not attend school. There is a similar situCHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

27

Children under 6 years

From 6 to14 years

From 15 to 17 years

35% 30% 25% 20%

ation with children between 6 and 17 years where out of 99 012 children of that age 93 699 (95%) attend school while 5 313 (5%) do not go to school.

In the municipalities of Zabljak, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Kotor, Ulcinj, and Mojkovac, 97% of children between 6 and 17

15% 10% 5% 0%

years attend school. These municipalities have the highest school attendance rates in Montenegro. Podgorica and Berane are the municipalities with the lowest school attendance rate for children between 6 and 17 years (93%).

In 2011, the percentage of children 6-17 years old attending

Cetinje

Zabljak

Savnik

Pluzine

Herceg Novi

Kotor

Tivat

Pljevlja

Budva

Kolasin

Danilovgrad

Bar

Niksic

Andrijevica

Montenegro

Ulcinj

Podgorica

Mojkovac

Bijelo Polje

Berane

Plav

Rozaje

Chart 12: Children between 6 and 17 years attending school, by municipality, in % Do not attend school

Chart 11: Children between 6 and 14 years of age by school attendance, in %

EDUCATION

Chart 10: Structure of children by age group, and by municipality, in %

Attend school

97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 96% 96% 96% 96% 96% 95% 95% 95% 95% 95% 94% 94% 94% 94% 93% 93%

3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% 6% 7% 7% Berane

Podgorica

Rozaje

Plav

Andrijevica

Savnik

Bijelo Polje

Montenegro

Tivat

Bar

school increased from 94% to 95% compared with the previous census. In four municipalities – Zabljak, Tivat, Berane, and Pljevlja– school attendance rates are at the same level

Niksic

Budva

Herceg Novi

Pluzine

Kolasin

Pljevlja

Mojkovac

Ulcinj

Kotor

Danilovgrad

28

Cetinje

Attend school 95%

Zabljak

Do not attend school 5%

as in 2003. An increase in the school attendance rate was registered in most municipalities, while a decrease of 1% was registered in Budva, Niksic and Podgorica.

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

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2011

Chart 14: Children 6-17 years old who do not attend school, by municipality, 2003 and 2011 Censuses, in % 2011

2003

100% 98% 96% 94% 92% 90% 88% 86% 84% 82% 80% 78%

2003

16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4%

Berane

2% 0%

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Zoran Jovanovic-Maccak

Zabljak

Cetinje

Danilovgrad

Kotor

Ulcinj

Mojkovac

Pljevlja

Kolasin

Pluzine

Herceg Novi

Budva

Niksic

Bar

Tivat

Montenegro

Bijelo Polje

Savnik

Andrijevica

Plav

The percentage of children not attending school in 2003 and 2011 remained the same in the following municipalities: Zabljak, Tivat, Berane, and Pljevlja. Budva, Niksic and Podgorica recorded an increase of 1% in the share of children who do not attend school in comparison with the previous census; there is a decrease in

Rozaje

resulted in a decrease in school attendance rates in comparison with 2003 in the municipalities of Podgorica, Budva, and Niksic, where the share of this population is the highest.

Podgorica

Berane

Podgorica

Rozaje

Plav

Andrijevica

Savnik

Bijelo Polje

Montenegro

Tivat

Bar

Niksic

Budva

Herceg Novi

Pluzine

Kolasin

Pljevlja

Mojkovac

Ulcinj

Kotor

Danilovgrad

Cetinje

Zabljak

When comparing the 2003 and 2011 Censuses data, it should be taken into account that displaced persons from Kosovo, according to the current methodology, were not calculated in the population of Montenegro in 2003. A significant number of displaced persons from Kosovo are individuals from the Roma and Egyptian populations with a school attendance rate significantly lower than in other groups. Inclusion of this part of the population in the population of Montenegro, according to the 2011 Census, has 30

EDUCATION

Chart 13: Children from 6-17 years who attend school, 2003 and 2011 Censuses, in %

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

31

Observations by citizenship show that 34% of stateless children do not attend school.

Of the total number of children who are in the process of acq-

uiring citizenship 16% do not attend school, and 15% of children who are citizens of a foreign country do not attend school. The lowest percentage of children that do not attend school is among children with Montenegrin citizenship (4%).

Chart 15: Children aged 6-17 by attending school and citizenship in % Do not attend school

96%

85%

84%

15%

16%

Attend school

Table 2: Children aged 6-17 by attending school and citizenship, Census 2011 4% Total

Do not attend school

Total

99,012

5,311

Montenegro

92,290

Foreign countries In process of aquiring Montenegrin citizenship

Attend school

Do not attend school

Attend school

93,701

5%

95%

4,092

88,198

4%

96%

3,084

478

2,606

15%

85%

1,294

212

1,082

16%

84%

Stateless

1,331

450

881

34%

66%

No answer

1,013

79

934

8%

92%

Children who are 6 years old have the lowest school attendance rate, which can perhaps be explained by the provisions of the Law on Primary Education (2002, and amendments in 2011) according to which children that reach 6 years of age in a calendar year are en-

32

rolled in primary school. Regarding the time of the census (31 March 2011) at which point the school year was into its second semester and the calendar year 2011, children that needed to enrol at school in autumn 2011 had already reached 6 years of age.

Montenegro

Foreign countries

In process of acquiring Montenegrin citizenship

66% 92%

34% 8% Stateless

No data about citizenship

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Risto Bozovic

Citizenship of:

EDUCATION

the percentage of children not attending school in other municipalities.

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

33

Children 6-17 years old by school attendance

while among girls the school attendance rate is lower among older children.

%

Age

Total

Attend school

Do not attend school

Attend school

Montenegro

99,012

93,699

5,313

94.6%

5.4%

6

7,329

5,554

1,775

75.8%

24.2%

7

7,640

7,291

349

95.4%

4.6%

8

8,137

7,878

259

96.8%

3.2%

9

8,160

7,946

214

97.4%

2.6%

10

8,273

8,043

230

97.2%

2.8%

11

7,896

7,679

217

97.3%

2.7%

12

8,292

8,069

223

97.3%

2.7%

13

8,402

8,145

257

96.9%

3.1%

14

8,508

8,230

278

96.7%

3.3%

15

9,063

8,667

396

95.6%

4.4%

16

8,783

8,276

507

94.2%

5.8%

17

8,529

7,921

608

92.9%

7.1%

The attendance rate of 6-yearolds (76%) significantly influences the reduction of the total school attendance rate in Montenegro.

Among primary-school-aged children aged between 6 and 15 years, the school attendance rate is higher than among older children. 5.8% of 16-year-olds do not attend

34

Do not attend school

school, while this percentage is higher among 17-year-old children (7.1%).

The tables below present the rate of school attendance and non-attendance by gender. At the country level, the school attendance rates are equal.

Among children of younger ages, the school attendance rate is lower among boys,

Of the total number of girls aged 6-17 years, 94.6% attend school, which is the same percentage as with boys of the same age. Visible differences in school attendance by gender are noticeable in Rozaje, Zabljak, and Berane, where

a higher percentage of boys attend school in comparison with girls. The situation is the opposite in Mojkovac, Tivat and Pljevlja, where more girls attend school than boys.

EDUCATION

Table 3: Children 6-17 years old by year of age, and by school attendance

7% of boys in Podgorica, aged 6-17 years do not attend school, meaning that one-thirteenth of boys are not included in the educational system.

Table 4: Boys aged 6-17 years by year of age, and by school attendance Boys from 6 to 17 years by school attendance

% Do not attend school

Age

Total

Attend school

Do not attend school

Attend school

Montenegro

51,244

48,497

2,747

94.6%

5.4%

6

3,817

2,823

994

74.0%

26.0%

7

3,941

3,752

189

95.2%

4.8%

8

4,282

4,133

149

96.5%

3.5%

9

4,214

4,090

124

97.1%

2.9%

10

4,254

4,140

114

97.3%

2.7%

11

4,068

3,965

103

97.5%

2.5%

12

4,298

4,186

112

97.4%

2.6%

13

4,363

4,233

130

97.0%

3.0%

14

4,406

4,250

156

96.5%

3.5%

15

4,691

4,517

174

96.3%

3.7%

16

4,507

4,275

232

94.9%

5.1%

17

4,403

4,133

270

93.9%

6.1%

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

35

Girls aged 6-17 years by school attendance

Chart 16: Children aged 6-17 years attending school by gender, and by municipalities, in % Girls

Boys

%

Age

Total

Attend school

Do not attend school

Attend school

Do not attend school

Montenegro

47,768

45,202

2,566

94.6%

5.4%

6

3,512

2,731

781

77.8%

22.2%

96%

7

3,699

3,539

160

95.7%

4.3%

94%

8

3,855

3,745

110

97.1%

2.9%

9

3,946

3,856

90

97.7%

2.3%

10

4,019

3,903

116

97.1%

2.9%

11

3,828

3,714

114

97.0%

3.0%

12

3,994

3,883

111

97.2%

2.8%

13

4,039

3,912

127

96.9%

3.1%

14

4,102

3,980

122

97.0%

3.0%

15

4,372

4,150

222

94.9%

5.1%

16

4,276

4,001

275

93.6%

6.4%

17

4,126

3,788

338

91.8%

8.2%

100% 98%

92% 90% 88%

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Risto Bozovic

Podgorica

Berane

Plav

Tivat

Bijelo Polje

Savnik

Montenegro

Andrijevica

Niksic

Budva

Bar

When observing school atte-

Rozaje

Herceg Novi

Mojkovac

Pljevlja

Pluzine

Kolasin

Cetinje

Kotor

Danilovgrad

Ulcinj

Zabljak

The lowest number of boys who are not included in the educational system (1.3%), was recorded in Zabljak.

In Rozaje, 8.3% of girls aged 6-17 years do not attend school. The percentage of girls not attending school is above the national average (5.4%) in the following municipalities: Berane, Podgorica, Plav, Andrijevica and Savnik.

36

EDUCATION

Table 5: Girls aged 6-17 years by year of age, and by school attendance

ndance by ethnicity, 96% of Montenegrins, Croats, Serbs and those who do not want to declare themselves, younger than 18 years old, are attending school, while that percentage is somewhat lower among Bosniaks, Albanians, and Muslims. The lowest school attendance rate was recorded among Egyptians and Roma children younger than 18 years – 54% and 51% respectively.

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

37

Girls

Boys 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0%

Zabljak

Ulcinj

Danilovgrad

Kotor

Cetinje

Kolasin

Pluzine

Pljevlja

Mojkovac

Herceg Novi

Rozaje

Bar

Budva

Niksic

Andrijevica

Montenegro

Savnik

Bijelo Polje

Tivat

Plav

Berane

Podgorica

Chart 18: School attendance of children aged 6-17 years by ethnicity, in % Do not attend school

96%

96%

96%

95%

95%

94%

Individuals who can use one, two or three computer applications, but not all four of them are considered partially computer literate.

Individuals who can use none of the above mentioned computer applications are deemed computer illiterate.

The highest percentage of computer literate children from 15 to 17 years is recorded in Herceg Novi, Tivat, and Budva (over 80%), while that

Chart 19: Children from 15-17 years by computer literacy, by municipality, in %

Attend school

54% 96%

Computer literacy is defined as the ability to use basic computer applications to accomplish everyday tasks. The 2011 Census collected data on the ability to use the following computer applications – word processing and spreadsheet applications, an Internet browser and e-mail client.

The data was collected on the basis of the statement provided by respondent. A person able to use all four mentioned applications is deemed computer literate.

EDUCATION

Chart 17: Children aged 6-17 years who do not attend school by gender, and by municipality, in %

51%

91%

No reply

Computer literate children

Partially computer literate children

Computer illiterate children

100% 80% 60%

46%

49%

40% 20%

Plav

Rozaje

Andrijevica

Savnik

Berane

Pluzine

Ulcinj

Mojkovac

Bijelo Polje

Kolasin

Zabljak

Others

Montenegro

Muslims

Podgorica

Albanians

Danilovgrad

Bosniaks

Cetinje

Does not want to declare

Bar

Serbs

Niksic

Croats

0%

Pljevlja

9%

Kotor

6%

Budva

5%

Tivat

5%

Herceg Novi

4%

Roma

4%

Egyptians

4%

Montenegrins

38

4%

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

39

Chart 21: Children aged 6-17 years attending school outside municipality they live in, by gender, in %

A noticeable difference according to gender is present in Herceg Novi, where 8% of boys aged between 6 and 17 years go to school outside Herceg Novi compared to 3% of girls. 21% of boys and 17% of girls from Danilovgrad go to school in another municipality.

20%

% Girls

% Boys 35% 30% 25% 15% 10% 5% 0%

Pljevlja

Niksic

Berane

Podgorica

Ulcinj

Budva

Bar

Plav

Rozaje

Bijelo Polje

Montenegro

Zabljak

Mojkovac

Cetinje

Pluzine

Tivat

Kotor

Kolasin

Herceg Novi

Andrijevica

Danilovgrad

Savnik

In Montenegro, out of the total number of children 6-17 years old, 2 845 (3%) of children attend school outside the municipality they live in. Al-

most one-third of children from Savnik (29.3%), one-fifth of children in Danilovgrad (19.3%), and one-sixth of children from Andrijevica (15%) attend school outside the municipality they live in.

EDUCATION

percentage is lowest in Plav and Rozaje (below 50%). On the other hand, the highest percentage of partially computer literate children is in Plav (46%) and in Rozaje (34%). There are an equal number of municipalities with a higher percentage of computer literate children than the national average (69%), and those with percentage below the national average.

29.3 19.3 15.1

Niksic

Berane

Podgorica

Ulcinj

Pljevlja

Plav

Bar

1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8

Budva

1.1

Bijelo Polje

2.5

Mojkovac

2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5

Cetinje

Herceg Novi

Kolasin

3.8 3.8 3.2 3.2

Rozaje

6.3 5.8

Montenegro

7.1

Tivat

Pluzine

Kotor

Andrijevica

Danilovgrad

Savnik 40

7.3

Zabljak

7.9

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Risto Bozovic

Chart 20: Children aged 6-17 years attending school outside the municipality they live in, by municipality in which they live, in %

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

41

EARLY MARRIAGE AND MOTHERHOOD

M

arriage before the age of 18 is a reality for many young women around the world. According to UNICEF's estimates, over 64 million women aged 20–24 years were married or in union before the age of 18. Child marriage is a violation of human rights, compromising girls’ development and often resulting in early pregnancy and social isolation, with little education and poor vocational training reinforcing the gendered nature of poverty. The right to 'free and full' consent to a marriage is recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights – with the recognition that consent cannot be 'free and full' when one of the parties involved is not su2

fficiently mature to make an informed decision about a life partner. Required to perform large amounts of domestic work, under pressure to demonstrate fertility, and responsible for raising children while still children themselves, married girls and child mothers face constrained decision -making and reduced life choices. Boys are also affected by child marriage but the issue impacts girls in far larger numbers and with more intensity.2 Marital status is defined as the legal conjugal status of each individual in relation to the marriage legislation of that country (that is de jure status). The marital status of

© UNICEF Montenegro/Dusko Miljanic

EARLY MARRIAGE AND MOTHERHOOD

http://www.childinfo.org/marriage.html

42

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

43

The Census also collected data on consensual unions that de facto exist in our society.

This refers to couples who, while not married, are living together and functioning in the same way a formally married couple would. The data on this type of union has not yet been processed and is not available for this publication.

Legislation in this area differs across countries, and there is no uniform international standard for this issue. The statistically agreed rule is that marital status data is presented 3

for any individual of age 15 or over. Accordingly, for the purpose of this publication in this area, the age group from 15 to 17 years was observed.

All indicators calculated within this chapter represent the population share according to marital status compared with the population aged 15 to 17 years.

According to the 2003 Census, in Montenegro 329 (1.1%) children aged from 15 to 17 were married. In 2011, this percentage was slightly higher proportionally (1.2%), although it represents a smaller number of children in absolute terms (310).

Observed by municipality, in 2003 all municipalities had cases of child marriages, and in 2011 only in Savnik was no such case recorded. In 2003, the highest share of married children was recorded in Andrijevica and Plav (over 2%), and the lowest share was in Herceg Novi, Danilovgrad,

Pluzine, and Zabljak (0.5%). In 2011, over 2% of children were in marriage in Andrijevica, Rozaje and Berane.

Observed by gender in 2003, among children who were in marriage, 80% were boys, and 20% girls. On the other hand,

Chart 22: Married children (aged 15-17) by gender, 2003 and 2011 Censuses, in %.

Girls

Boys

80 %

EARLY MARRIAGE AND MOTHERHOOD

juveniles who formally concluded marriage in line with the law is the subject of this chapter. According to Article 24 of the Law on the Family3, a person who has not reached 18 years of age is not allowed to get married. With the exception of paragraph 1 of this Article, the court may allow marriage to be contracted to a juvenile older than 16, in accordance with the special law.

69 %

31% 20 %

2003

in 2011 out of the total number of children who were married, 69% were girls, and 31% boys.

The age structure of married children in 2003 indicated that more than half, i.e. 51% had reached 17 years, while

2011

30% had reached 16 years, and those children who had reached 15 years made up 19%.

In 2011, two 15-year-old individuals (less than 1%) were married, against the provisions of the Law on the Family (2007), thus one conclusion

Official Gazette of Montenegro No. 01/07 from 9 January 2007,

44

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

45

In 2003, in Montenegro there

were 5 divorced children – three boys and two girls. Cases of divorced children were recorded in the following municipalities: Danilovgrad, Niksic, Podgorica, and Ulcinj.

Chart 23: Share of married children of age 15-17 years out of the child population of age 15-17 years by ethnicity, in % % of married children 10%

In 2011, all cases of divorced children were recorded amo6%

Table 6: Married children by age and census

ng girls. In total, there were 8 divorced children in Berane, Podgorica, Niksic, Ulcinj, Pljevlja, and Rozaje. In 2003, in Montenegro there were 7 children whose spouses were no longer living – one boy and six girls. These cases were recorded in the following municipalities: Berane, Bijelo Polje, Herceg Novi, Pljevlja, and Podgorica.

The 2011 Census indicated that only one child in Monte46

negro, a girl, is widowed.

10% of the total number of Roma children of age 15-17, 6% of Egyptians, and 2% of Bosniaks are married. Among other population groups, the percentage of married children in the total population of children aged 15-17 years is around 1%.

13% of the total number of Roma girls, 10% of Egyptian girls and 4% of Bosniak girls

are married. This data indicates that there are more married girls of age 15-17 years than married boys.

The lower age fertility threshold is limited only by biological limitations. Early birth is recorded through a regular annual survey on births.

0%

Does not want to declare

60%

1%

Croats

39%

1%

Montenegrins

1%

1%

Serbs

2011

1%

Montenegro

51%

1%

Albanians

30%

1%

Other

19%

1%

Muslims

2003

2%

Bosniaks

17 years

Egyptians

16 years

Roma

15 years

Census

EARLY MARRIAGE AND MOTHERHOOD

is that these marriages were contracted outside Montenegro. The data shows that 122 16-year-old children (39%) and 186 children (60%) who had reached 17 years were married.

Thus, the fact that the 2003 Census recorded 104 cases of girls who had given birth to one or more children is not surprising. There were 92 girls who had given birth to one child, 10 who had given birth to two children at the moment of census, and 2 girls who had given birth to three children.

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

47

Girls

Boys

2003 fertility

16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

Age

Does not want to declare

Montenegrins

Serbs

Others

Early birth cases in 2003 were recorded in all municipalities, except in Zabljak and Pluzine.

In 2011, there were no cases

Croats

Albanians

Muslims

Bosniaks

Egyptians

Roma

The number of girls who had given birth was higher in 2011, and amounts to 125. The structure by number of born children is similar: 94 girls had given birth to one child, 29 girls had given birth to two children, and 2 girls had given birth to three children.

48

Table 7: Number of children by mother’s age, 2003 and 2011 Censuses

EARLY MARRIAGE AND MOTHERHOOD

Chart 24: Gender structure of married children, by the share of the married population in the total population, in %

of early births among girls in Zabljak, Budva, Danilovgrad and Savnik.

The age structure indicates that the lower age birth threshold registered in the 2003 Census is 13 years. As many as 10 girls of age 13 had given birth to one child. There are 9 girls who had reached 14 years who had given birth to one child, and 4 girls who had given birth to two children.

1 child

2011 fertility

2 children

3 children

1 child

2 children

3 children

13

10

-

-

-

-

-

14

9

-

-

1

-

-

15

9

4

-

13

4

1

16

20

3

-

23

6

-

17

44

3

2

57

19

1

Total

92

10

2

94

29

2

Table 8: Girls who have given birth, by marital status, 2003 and 2011 Censuses

2003

2011

Number of girls

%

Number of girls

%

Unmarried

30

28.8

64

51.2

Married

69

66.4

55

44.0

Divorced

2

1.9

6

4.8

Widowed

1

1.0

-

-

Unknown marial status

2

1.9

-

-

104

100%

125

100%

Total

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

49

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Zoran Jovanovic-Maccak

Of the total number of girls that had given birth, more than a third are Roma (43 girls).

EARLY MARRIAGE AND MOTHERHOOD

Of the total number of girls that gave birth before the age of maturity, according to the 2003 Census, 66% of them were in a legally contracted marriage. In 2011, the percentage of girls who were married was less (44%). Contrary to this, in 2003 29% of girls who had given birth were unmarried, while in 2011 that percentage increased up to 51%.

Chart 25: Girls that have given birth by ethnicity, in %

Egyptians12%

Bosniaks 14%

Albanians 4% Muslims 2% Does not want to declare 2% Montenegrins 17%

Others 2%

Roma 34%

50

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Zoran Jovanovic-Maccak

Serbs12%

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

51

CHILD LABOUR

CHILD LABOUR

a) all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict;

4

b) the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances; c) the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties; d) work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.

As it is the poorest children that are engaged in child lab-

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Zoran Jovanovic-Maccak

C

hild labour harms the mental and physical development and health of children, and prevents them from attending or completing school.

Of major concern are the worst forms of child labour as defined by the International Labour Organisation.4

ILO Convention No. 182 on the worst forms of child labour, 1999, Article 3.

52

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

53

According to the Labour Law (2011)5, a person in Montenegro may conclude a working contract according to the general conditions of this Law if he/she has reached at least 15 years of age. This provision of the Law is harmonised with the recommendations of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)/ Eurostat recommendations for determining the lower age limit for labour data collection.

In accordance with this, data on the activity of people was collected by the Statistical Of-

fice of Montenegro for people aged 15 years and over. Accordingly, this chapter will consider labour of children aged 15-17 years reported in the census on activities performed for wages or salary paid in cash or in kind. Having in mind the methodological complexity of definitions used in this area, the main terms used in this chapter will be defined.

The Census of Population, Households, and Dwellings 2011 collected data about the economic activity of individuals, i.e. an activity performed by a person in the period from 25-31 March 2011 or a week before the census. Responses were collected for individuals aged 15 and over, on the basis of their given statement.

The term employed in the census is defined as people who, in the week before the census:  Performed any regular or usual work for wage/pro-

fit (in cash, goods or services) for at least one hour or performed any unpaid work (in an enterprise, professional practice or on an agricultural farm owned by any person’s family member); or  Did not work (because of illness, annual leave, state or religious holidays, education, training, maternity leave, reduced production or any other temporary inability to work), but they have a job to which they will return.

Under unemployed in the census are considered people who:  In the week before the census did not work, but were actively seeking work during March 2011 (four weeks before the census), and are ready to start to work if a job is offered to them during the next two weeks.

The active population comprises all employed and unemployed persons aged 15 or over.

CHILD LABOUR

our, child labour in turn perpetuates inter-generational poverty by preventing children who work from gaining educational and developmental opportunities to become socially mobile upon reaching adulthood. With the money earned, children often help their families.

The inactive population is all people aged 15 or over, not classified under the active population.

The activity rate represents the percentage of the active population out of the total population aged 15 or over.

The employment rate is the percentage of employed people in the total population aged 15 or over.

The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people out of the total active population.

According to the census data, only 443 children aged 15-17 years are active (1.7%) of the total number of children of the mentioned age. More than 6% of children are active in Savnik, which can imply employment of children in family

5 Official Gazette of Montenegro 49/08 from 15 August 2008, 26/09 from 10 April 2009, 88/09 from 31-st December 2009, 26/10 from 7-th May 2010, 59/11 from 14-th December 2011

54

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

55

agricultural holdings, although when using these percentages, we should be very careful to note the absolute values, since the percentages of small values can be extremely high.

Girls

Boys 135

125

121

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Zoran Jovanovic-Maccak

62

Unemployed

Employed

Chart 28: Active children by ethnicity, in %

27 18

15

12

10

2

0 Croats

17 years

Muslims

56

16 years

This increase in age is followed by an increase in the number of economically active children. Thus, the total number of active children aged 17

Egyptians

15 years

50

Albanians

30

103

Roma

88

Bosniaks

123

Serbs

Girls

Montenegrins

Boys

3

Other nationalities

6

Does not want to declare

7

Chart 26: Number of active children by sex and age

49

CHILD LABOUR

In accordance with the previously mentioned definition, active people can be employed or unemployed. 58% of the active children of the mentioned are unemployed, meaning that they are actively seeking work and are ready to accept work within two weeks, and 42% of them are already employed according to the mentioned definition of employment.

Chart 27: The number of active children as employed and unemployed

years is 226. The gender structure shows that in all observed years of age, boys are more active than girls.

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

57

CHILD LABOUR

Chart 29: Employed children by ethnicity, in %

34 19

1

1

Egyptians

Does not want to declare

58

3 Roma

Of the total number of active people aged 15-17 years, Montenegrins have the largest number (27%), while the lowest percentage is among Croats, where only one child

5 Croats

Albanians

The gender structure of employed and unemployed indicates that the majority in both categories are boys. This difference is especially visible in the category of employed children, where the number of employed boys is twice as high as the number of employed girls.

5 Other

5

Bosniaks

Muslims

Serbs

Montenegrins

6

satisfied the mentioned definition of activity.

The national or ethnic structure of children that performed any work paid for a wage in cash or in kind during the period before the census, and thus satisfying the definition of employed, is presented in Chart 29 above. The conclusion is that the structure of employed children is comprised mostly of Montenegrins, and then Serbs, which corresponds to the total national structure.

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Zoran Jovanovic-Maccak

21

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

59

T

o ensure clear presentation of data, the definition of citizenship should be explained. Citizenship is considered to be a relationship of a public and legal character between an individual and the state. On the basis of citizenship, a person acquires the status of a national of a state, which makes certain citizen’s, political, economic, social and other rights legally available to him/her, but also which puts him/her in a situation in which he/she may have certain obligations and duties.

The approach of single citizenship is not implemented in

60

practice (i.e. every person should be a national of one state), and there occur cases of socalled conflict of citizenship, negatively resulting in a situation where a person is not accepted by any state as a national and these people are called stateless persons. A positive side of a conflict of citizenship is a person with dual or multiple citizenship.

Every country imposes its own rules to regulate the issue of citizenship, especially those according to which it defines individuals and conditions under which these individuals will be considered, or cease

Issues about the citizenship of nationals are regulated by the Law on Montenegrin Citizenship (2011). The records on the nationals of Montenegro are kept by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The population census carried out in April 2011 collected data

on the citizenship of people.

All data was obtained only on the basis of the person’s statement, without any proof of documentation. The data on the issue of citizenship cannot be compared with data from the previous 2003 Census, because when that census was carried out, the state of Serbia and Montenegro existed, as well as citizenship of this state.

CITIZENSHIP

CITIZENSHIP

to be considered its nationals.

Also the European Convention on Nationality from 1997, Article 3 states that each state shall determine under its own law who its nationals are.

The 2011 Census data shows that 92% of the total population of Montenegro have citize-

Chart 30: Children in Montenegro by citizenship

Foreign countries 3% In process of acquiring Montenegrin citizenship 1% Stateless 2% Montenegro 93% No answer 1%

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

61

100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75%

Savnik

Pluzine

Zabljak

Bijelo Polje

Mojkovac

Kolasin

Cetinje

Pljevlja

Plav

Niksic

Danilovgrad

Andrijevica

Rozaje

Berane

Kotor

Montenegro

Podgorica

Ulcinj

Herceg Novi

Chart 32: The percentage of children with citizenship of a foreign country by municipality 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%

Pluzine

Savnik

Bijelo Polje

Mojkovac

Zabljak

Cetinje

Niksic

Plav

Pljevlja

Kolasin

Rozaje

Andrijevica

Danilovgrad

Berane

Montenegro

Ulcinj

Podgorica

Kotor

Bar

Herceg Novi

Tivat

Foreign countries, citizenship of which are most represented by children are: Serbia (2 707),

Bar

Less than 90% of children in Budva, Tivat, Bar, and Herceg Novi have Montenegrin citizenship. Indeed, the largest proportions of children with foreign country citizenship can be found in the mentioned municipalities in Budva 11%, Tivat 8%, Bar and Herceg Novi 6% of children have citizenship of a foreign country.

Tivat

Observed by municipality, the structure of children by citizenship is presented in the charts below.

Budva

There are 1.2% or 1 753 children in the process of acquiring citizenship of Montenegro.

According to the UN Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (1954, Article 1(1)), a stateless person (apatrid) is defined as follows: “... the term “stateless person” means a person who is not considered a national by any State under the operation of its law.” In other words, to be apatrid is to be without nationality or citizenship. Impor-

Montenegro has a population of 4 312 stateless people, of which 2 226 are children, indicating that more than half of the stateless people are under 18 years (51%).

Chart 31: The percentage of children with Montenegrin citizenship by municipality

Budva

Among the overall population of Montenegro, 4.6% of the population have citizenship of a foreign country. Among children, 3% of them have foreign citizenship.

tant causes of statelessness are discrimination and loopholes in legislation on nationality.6

CITIZENSHIP

nship of Montenegro. Out of the total number of children aged from 0 to 17 years, 93% have citizenship of Montenegro. It means that there is a somewhat higher percentage of children with Montenegrin citizenship than is the case in the overall population.

6 UNHCR, http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646c158.html

62

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

63

3,0% 2,5% 2,0% 1,5% 1,0% 0,5% 0%

Savnik

Zabljak

Mojkovac

Kolasin

Pljevlja

Pluzine

Cetinje

Plav

Bijelo Polje

Kotor

Rozaje

Berane

Niksic

Danilovgrad

Ulcinj

Andrijevica

Montenegro

Bar

Podgorica

Tivat

Budva

Herceg Novi

Chart 34: The percentage of stateless children, by municipality

3,0% 2,5% 2,0% 1,5% 1,0% 0,5% 0%

Savnik

Zabljak

Pluzine

Plav

Bijelo Polje

Mojkovac

Rozaje

Cetinje

Kolasin

Andrijevica

Pljevlja

Ulcinj

Danilovgrad

Niksic

Herceg Novi

Kotor

Montenegro

Budva

Berane

Bar

Tivat

Podgorica 64

In addition to this, the mentioned municipalities and Podgorica possess the largest number of children waiting to acquire citizenship, although this percentage does not exceed 2.5% of the total number of children.

Stateless children are most represented in Podgorica and Tivat, while there are no stateless children in Pluzine, Zabljak and Savnik.

The northern region has 96% of children who are nationals of Montenegro. The central region, as well as Montenegro overall records a level of 93% of children who have Montenegrin citizenship. In the coastal region there are fewer children with citizenship of Montenegro (89%).

6% of children in the coastal region, in the central region

2.5%, and in the northern region 1.4% have citizenship of a foreign country.

CITIZENSHIP

Bosnia and Herzegovina (541), Kosovo (367), Croatia (204), the Russian Federation (178), and the USA (149).

Chart 33: The percentage of children in procedure to acquire Montenegrin citizenship, by municipalities

The table below provides the structure of children according to citizenship by national or ethnic affiliation.

The majority of children, over 90% of Montenegrins, Serbs, Muslims, Bosnians, Albanians and Croats possess citizenship of Montenegro. Among Roma and Egyptians, this percentage is much lower, and amounts 50% and 30% respectively.

The population of Montenegro is also comprised of children with foreign citizenship.

The largest number of foreign nationals among children are: Egyptians 25%; Roma 13%; Serbs 5%, while among all other national and ethnic groups, 2% of children are not citizens of Montenegro, except for children with Montenegrin nationality, where less than 1% of children have foreign citizenship. The largest number of children with citizenship of a CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

65

CITIZENSHIP

Chart 35: Children by citizenship and national affiliation, in % Others Does not want to declare Egyptians Roma Croats Albanians Bosniaks Muslims Serbs Montenegrins Total 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Montenegro A foreign country In process of obtaining citizenship Stateless

foreign country live in Budva, Tivat, Bar, Herceg Novi, Kotor, Ulcinj and Podgorica.

12% of Egyptians and 11% of Roma are in the process of acquiring Montenegrin citizenship, and 1% of children of other national and ethnic groups are waiting to obtain 66

citizenship of Montenegro.

The highest percentage of Egyptian children (32%) do not have citizenship of any country (stateless), while this percentage is slightly less among Roma children (26%). Among all other groups, 1% of children are stateless.

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Zoran Jovanovic-Maccak

No data

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

67

T

he issue of the ethno-cultural characteristics of the population is of increasing relevance to a number of countries in the context of migration, integration and minority policy, thus this topic is attracting more attention than in the past.

For these reasons, the issue of the ethno-cultural characteristics of the population received more attention in the 2010/11 Census Recommendations than ever before. This issue is explained clearly and in detail, and the experiences of countries in the 2000/01 Census were used.

Ethno-cultural characteristics possess a very subjective dimension, and they may be very sensitive in political terms. Because of this, an open and free declaration by each individual is of key importance.

The methodology defined that the answers to these questions for children under 15 years of age are provided by their parents or guardians. It should be noted that the census methodology envisaged that the questions for children without parental care, under 15 years located in relevant residential institutions should

The recommendation is that during the process of designing the questions, defining classification and conducting among members of minorities, consultations and preparations with ethnic, linguistic and religious groups must be performed to enable full participation in the census.7 The Census collected data on ethnic affiliation (ethnicity), religion and mother tongue.

The data on the ethnic structure of the total population indicates that Montenegro is a multi-ethnic and multicultural community in the true sense of the words.

The data indicates that the largest number of children are of Montenegrin ethnicity (44%), then Serbs (25%) and Bosniaks (11%). Egyptians and Croats are present with less than 1% of the child population. It is necessary to stress that 6.1% of children did not want to declare themselves.

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

be answered with “Does not want to declare�.

ETHNOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

ETHNIC AFFILIATION (ETHNICITY)

MOTHER TONGUE

RELIGION

7 UNECE/EUROSTAT Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing

68

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

69

70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0

Croats

Egyptians

Others

Roma

Muslims

Albanians

Does not want to declare

Bosniaks

Serbs

Montenegrins

Children 2011

2003

50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Croats

Egyptians

Others

Roma

Muslims

Albanians

Does not want to declare

Bosniaks

Serbs

Montenegrins

Croats

Egyptians

Others

Roma

Muslims

Does not want to declare

Bosniaks

Serbs

Montenegrins

70

Albanians

50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

Differences in the ethnic structure of children according to the 2003 and 2011 Censuses are not significant. The number of Montenegrin, Bosniaks, Roma, and Egyptian children, as well those who did not want to declare themselves increased in 2011 compared with 2003. The number of Serbian, Albanian, Muslim, and Croatian children decreased in 2011 compared with 2003.

Chart 38: Children by ethnicity according to the 2003 and 2011 Censuses, in %

Chart 37: Total population and children by ethnicity, in % Total population

The proportion of Montenegrins, Serbs and Croats is higher than their children’s proportion out of the total population of children. Among other observed populations, children make up a higher share of the total child population than adults out of the total population.

The conclusion is that Bosniaks, Albanians, Roma, and Egyptians are younger populations.

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

Chart 36: Ethnic structure of the child population

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

71

Children

Total population 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Croatian

Roma

Miscellaneous

Does not want to declare

Albanian

Bosnian

Serbian

0%

Montenegrin

Croatian

Roma

Miscellaneous

Does not want to declare

Albanian

Bosnian

Serbian

Montenegrin

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Risto Bozovic

2003

2011

50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

72

Chart 40: Comparable review of children by mother tongue, 2003 and 2011 Censuses, in %

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

Chart 39: Total population and children by mother tongue, in %

In 2011, the number of children with Montenegrin, Bosnian and Roma language as their mother tongue increased in comparison with 2003.

More than two thirds of children in Montenegro are Orthodox Christians. 24% of children are Muslims and 3.4% of children are Catholics.

Religion/confession is the third ethno-cultural characteristic obtained through the census. The structure of children by religion is presented in the chart below.

In 2011 compared with 2003, the number of Muslim children increased, and the number of Orthodox children decreased, while among other categories there were no significant changes.

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

73

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

Chart 41: Children in Montenegro by religion/confession, in % Islam 23,7% Does not want to declare 3,4% Catholic 2,8% Others 1,3% Atheist 0,5% Orthodox 68,3%

Chart 42: Comparable review of children by religion/confession, 2003 and 2011 Censuses, in % 2011

2003

80% 70%

50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Orthodox

74

Islam

Does not want Catholic to declare

Others

Atheist

Š UNICEF Montenegro/Risto Bozovic

60%

CHILDREN IN MONTENEGRO

75

ANNEX 1: STATISTICAL MATRICES Table 1: Population and children aged 0-17 years, 2003 Census Population

Municipalities Andrijevica Bar Berane Bijelo Polje Budva Cetinje Danilovgrad Herceg Novi Kolasin Kotor Mojkovac Nikzic Plav Pljevlja Pluzine Podogrica Rozaje Savnik Tivat Ulcinj Zabljak Montenegro 76

Male Female Total 2,844 2,941 5,785 40,037 19,529 20,508 35,068 17,545 17,523 50,284 25,227 25,057 8,275 7,634 15,909 9,603 8,879 18,482 8,283 8,240 16,523 33,034 16,007 17,027 4,966 4,983 9,949 22,947 10,873 12,074 5,022 5,044 10,066 75,282 37,169 38,113 6,984 6,821 13,805 35,806 17,560 18,246 2,135 2,137 4,272 169,132 82,868 86,264 22,693 11,357 11,336 1,485 1,462 2,947 6,919 6,711 13,630 20,290 10,172 10,118 2,138 2,066 4,204 620,145 305,225 314,920

Children

Male Female Total 653 690 1,343 4,702 9,655 4,953 4,576 9,393 4,817 6,676 13,680 7,004 1,839 3,848 2,009 2,059 4,151 2,092 2,033 4,242 2,209 3,436 7,160 3,724 1,151 2,359 1,208 2,438 5,119 2,681 1,273 2,558 1,285 8,942 18,413 9,471 2,093 4,311 2,218 3,776 7,650 3,874 441 444 885 44,172 23,072 21,100 3,702 7,710 4,008 302 294 596 1,501 3,101 1,600 2,634 5,442 2,808 450 445 895 156,683 80,905 75,777

Table 1a : Population and children aged 0-17 years, 2011 Census Proportion of children out of the total population 23.2 24.1 26.8 27.2 24.2 22.5 25.7 21.7 23.7 22.3 25.4 24.5 31.2 21.4 20.7 26.1 34.0 20.2 22.8 26.8 21.3 25.3

Population

Total Municipalities Male Female Total Andrijevica 1,119 2,457 2,614 5,071 Bar 9,485 42,048 20,670 21,378 Berane 8,871 33,970 17,087 16,883 Bijelo Polje 46,051 23,204 22,847 11,729 Budva 4,266 9,994 9,224 19,218 Cetinje 2,998 8,626 8,031 16,657 Danilovgrad 3,884 8,768 9,704 18,472 Herceg Novi 6,229 30,864 14,990 15,874 Kolasin 1,721 4,151 4,229 8,380 Kotor 4,576 22,601 10,837 11,764 Mojkovac 1,921 4,270 4,352 8,622 Niksic 72,443 35,751 36,692 16,594 Plav 4,311 6,984 6,821 13,805 Pljevlja 5,862 30,786 15,138 15,648 Pluzine 581 1,580 1,666 3,246 Podgorica 185,937 90,614 95,323 45,667 Rozaje 7,271 22,964 11,776 11,188 Savnik 373 999 1,071 2,070 Tivat 3,025 7,128 6,903 14,031 Ulcinj 4,718 9,983 9,938 19,921 653 1,796 1,773 3,569 Zabljak Montenegro 620,029 306,236 313,793 145,126

Children

Male Female 568 551 4,491 4,994 4,220 4,651 5,693 6,036 2,043 2,223 1,428 1,570 1,837 2,047 2,951 3,278 872 849 2,193 2,383 919 1,002 8,008 8,586 2,093 2,218 2,907 2,955 290 291 23,758 21,882 3,453 3,818 185 188 1,459 1,566 2,298 2,420 340 313 75,367 69,759

Proportion of children out of the total population 21.1 22.6 26.1 25.5 22.2 18.0 21.0 20.2 20.5 20.2 22.3 22.9 31.2 19.0 17.9 24.6 31.7 18.0 21.6 23.7 18.3 23.4

DEMOGRAPHY

77

Table 2: Children by individual age groups, 2003 Census

Individual age groups Individual age groups Municipalities Municipalities Total 0 Andrijevica Bar Berane Bijelo Polje Budva Cetinje Danilovgrad Herceg Novi Kolasin Kotor Mojkovac Niksic Plav Pljevlja Pluzine

Total 1

Andrijevica 1,343 67 Bar 9,655 457

1,343 67 9,655 459

Berane 9,393 454 Bijelo 13,680Polje 682 Budva 3,848 Cetinje 4,151

208

156 Danilovgrad 4,242 191 Herceg 7,160 Novi355 Kolasin 2,359 Kotor 5,119

109 225

Mojkovac 2,558 112 Niksic 18,413 918 Plav 4,311 208 Pljevlja 7,650 357

20

31

42

35

46

79

10 8

11 9

10 12

11 13

12 14

13 15

16 14

17 15

16

17

97 67

7667

75 97

58 76

58 75

68 58

77 58

68 57

77 79

57 72

79 81

72 71

81 92

71 77

85 92

86 77

85

86

497 459

459 475

540 497

501 459

502 540

571 501

502 577

571 504

577 557

504 574

557 586

574 574

586 613

600 574

609 613

600

609

9,393 505 13,680 753 3,848 200

489 454

469 505

454 489

499 469

517 454

525 499

563 517

525 553

563 573

553 557

573 548

557 524

548 520

524 538

571 520

534 538

571

534

682 682

734 753

698 682

712 734

723 698

755 712

784 723

755 687

784 726

687 771

726 806

771 814

806 812

814 830

914 812

797 830

914

797

221 208

194 200

186 221

175 194

219 186

217 175

220 219

217 205

220 198

205 227

198 219

227 241

219 198

241 243

252 198

225 243

252

225

4,151 171 4,242 205

160 156

171 171

165 160

198 171

196 165

237 198

233 196

237 219

233 244

219 262

244 289

262 264

289 294

264 291

308 294

293 291

308

293

204 191

227 205

200 204

229 227

200 200

204 229

220 200

204 224

220 215

224 268

215 243

268 281

243 288

289 281

299 288

289 255

299

255

7,160 327 2,359 118

370 355

369 327

377 370

372 369

343 377

393 372

396 343

393 390

396 396

390 429

396 402

429 459

402 402

460 459

447 402

460 473

447

473

95 109

113 118

106 95

105 113

109 106

125 105

154 109

125 118

154 123

118 139

123 125

139 161

125 149

182 161

158 149

182 170

158

170

5,119 262 2,558 136

255 225

251 262

239 255

277 251

277 239

297 277

262 277

297 276

262 283

276 316

283 297

316 296

297 308

327 296

331 308

327 340

331

340

136 112

119 136

112 136

148 119

141 112

136 148

154 141

136 126

154 152

126 146

152 150

146 151

150 141

180 151

164 141

180 154

164

154

18,413 969 4,311 222

991 918

938 969

945 991

1,029 938

1,001 945

1,046 1,029

1,034 1,001

1,046 1,084

1,034 1,033

1,084 1,068

1,033 1,007

1,068 992

1,007 1,012

1,081 992

1,146 1,012

1,081 1,119

1,146

1,119

199 208

212 222

215 199

239 212

221 215

232 239

240 221

232 230

240 220

230 268

220 267

268 273

267 243

284 273

263 243

284 275

263

275

7,650 367 885 48

368 357

355 367

337 368

405 355

413 337

413 405

411 413

413 407

411 417

407 442

417 462

442 474

462 453

501 474

521 453

501 547

521

547

51 40

4148

40 51

33 41

39 40

40 33

54 39

40 52

54 43

52 46

43 47

46 53

47 68

57 53

67 68

57 66

67

66

44,172 2,394 2,334 2,394 2,334 2,304 2,310 2,355 7,710 403 403 428 428 442 442 420 596 27 2127 28 28 27 27 3,101 174 165 165 130 130 127 141

2,328 2,355

2,460 2,304

2,446 2,328

2,486 2,460

2,446 2,368

2,486 2,468

2,368 2,439

2,468 2,583

2,439 2,494

2,583 2,438

2,649 2,494

2,696 2,438

2,649 2,620

2,696

2,620

369 403

368 403

429 369

434 368

429 408

434 464

408 479

464 443

479 485

443 452

480 485

396 452

480 407

396

407

29 21

23 27

35 29

28 23

35 36

28 26

36 36

26 43

36 41

43 50

40 41

30 50

40 49

30

49

150 172 314 290

189 144

150 182

189 192

182 185

192 191

185 183

191 174

185 183

212 174

185 205

212

205

318 276

314 314

318 301

314 319

301 352

319 295

352 305

345 295

344 305

345 360

344

360

Podgorica Rozaje

Rozaje 7,710

420

Savnik

Savnik 596

27

Tivat

Tivat 3,101

127

172 141

144 174

Ulcinj

Ulcinj 5,442

227

310 252

290 262

276 310

Zabljak

895 33 3832 Zabljak 44 44 40 40 156,683 156,683 Montenegro 8,104 8,032 7,859 7,690 8,032 8,104 7,690 7,986

44 38

49 33

78

68

475 457

Pluzine 885 40 Podgorica 44,172 2,310

Montenegro

Individual age groups Individual age groups

57

5,442 258 895 32

252 227

262 258

8,251 7,986

8,278 7,859

42 44 8,606 8,251

46 49

42 54

46 52

54 59

52 64

59 52

64 64

69 52

63 64

69 50

63

50

8,874 8,278

8,606 8,567

8,874 8,709

8,567 9,085

8,709 9,193

9,085 9,190

9,193 9,037

9,721 9,190

9,867 9,037

9,721 9,634

9,867

9,634

DEMOGRAPHY

79

Table 2a: Children by individual age group, 2011 Census

Individual age Individual groups age groups Total 0 Municipalities Municipalities Andrijevica

Andrijevica 1,119 50 Bar9,485 507 Berane 8,871 465

Total 1

0 2

31

42

35

46

Individual age Individual groups age groups

57

68

79

810

911

10 12

11 13

1214

13 15

14 16

15 17

16

17

51 65

75 56

6576

75 71

76 74

7161

7463

6173

6368

7375

68

75

469 488

6056 488 455

469 529

520 488

545 529

520 536

545 558

536 530

555 558

563 530

555 623

554 563

623

554

456 443

469 426

456 485

504 469

503 485

504 487

503 468

487 537

530 468

580 537

530 577

580 571

577

571

565 615

590 559

618 565

590 710

632 618

693 710

632 610

693 740

610 676

695 740

749 676

695 717

749 655

717

655

280 228

213 271

199 228

235 213

199 231

226 235

221 231

226 216

221 203

216 225

225 203

225 245

225 228

240 245

228

240

160 141

147 134

143 141

150 147

143 168

132 150

163 168

132 164

163 158

164 172

215 158

172 217

215 206

209 217

206

209

209 196

199 202

203 196

176 202

222 203

176 202

237 222

226 202

237 226

226 221

226 214

250 221

214 222

250 252

233 222

252

233

323 348

356 351

323 323

319 351

300 323

344 319

300 319

342 344

360 319

342 386

360 346

386 345

337 346

345 387

337 369

374 387

369

374

85 81

85 69

85 70

77 69

7072

7796

72 99

87 96

109 99

87 100

109 95

100 101

129 95

101 135

129 115

116 135

115

116

270 4,576

224 300

270 253

224 240

200 253

243 240

213 200

243 272

228 213

260 272

228 234

260 256

234 273

286 256

273 280

286 279

265 280

279

265

72 1,921

89 79

72 79

89 76

95 79

100 76

114 95

100 110

124 114

114 110

124 107

114 124

107 142

123 124

133 142

123 122

118 133

122

118

Niksic 16,594 Plav 3,583

886 888 16,594

886 888

886 889

886 784

789 889

807 784

859 789

807 949

943 859

949 905

943 927

905 988

927 964

1,050 988

1,046 964

1,050 1,023 1,011 1,046

1,011

1,023

169

156 3,583

154 169

156 180

176 154

181 180

191 176

190 181

191 204

220 190

204 213

220 186

213 224

186 228

233 224

232 228

233 222

224 232

222

224

Pljevlja 5,862 Pluzine 581

233

263 5,862

233 260

263 251

286 260

276 251

306 286

298 276

306 332

345 298

332 352

345 316

352 377

316 406

387 377

383 406

387 394

397 383

394

397

20 23

22 30

25 23

21 30

2530

2132

30 32

40 32

3240

40 26

40 37

2634

3735

3445

3539

4550

39

50

2,649 2,667

2,698 2,602

2,339 2,667

2,319 2,602

2,402 2,319 2,376 2,339

2,402 2,552

2,601 2,376

2,552 2,601 2,601 2,419

2,601 2,509

2,498 2,443 2,618 2,771

2,618

2,443

Rozaje

22 581 20 Podgorica 2,698 45,667 2,649 45,667 Rozaje 422 7,271 417 7,271

417 410

422 380

395 410

386 380

385 395

385 411

461 422

461 370

404 398

370 356

408 398

420 356

408 375

451 420

375

451

Savnik

Savnik 373

11

21 373

11 16

18 21

17 16

20 18

1721

2023

21 24

21 23

2413

21 20

13 25

2022

2522

2230

2233

3016

33

16

168 188

143 179

132 168

143 149

132 164

144 149

164 175

144 170

175 179

170 153

146 179

184 153

146 187

179 184

187

179

207 238

246 235

223 207

246 249

223 253

235 249

253 271

235 295

271 277

295 306

282 277

323 306

282 296

323 291

296

291

3533

2337

33 26

43 37

2629

43 30

29 35

3054

3539

5445

3952

4545

52

45

7,329 7,164 7,640 7,242

7,329 8,137

8,160 7,640

8,137 8,273 8,160 7,896

8,273 8,292

8,529 8,508 8,783 9,063

8,783

8,529

Bar Berane Bijelo Polje Budva Cetinje Danilovgrad Herceg Novi Kolasin Kotor Mojkovac Niksic Plav Pljevlja Pluzine Podgorica

54 1,119

48 50

48 40

60 59

4051

530 507

54 59 532 503

532 9,485 437 8,871

530 488

455 503

459 465

437 474

459 443

426 474

Bijelo Polje 601 11,729 625 11,729 Budva 287 4,266 293 4,266 Cetinje 174 2,998 145 2,998 Danilovgrad 209 3,884 194 3,884

679 601

625 615

679 559

280 293

287 271

160 145

174 134

199 194

Herceg 6,229Novi348 Kolasin 1,721 81

356 6,229 85 1,721

Kotor 4,576 Mojkovac 1,921

300 79

Tivat

Tivat 3,025

185

200 3,025

185 188

179 200

Ulcinj

Ulcinj 4,718

238

253 4,718

238

235 253

Zabljak

32 653 653 26 Zabljak 8,054 145,126 145,126 7,899 Montenegro

26 32

37 32

35 32

23 37

7,899 7,950

8,054 7,805

7,242 7,950

7,164 7,805

Montenegro

80

386 422

411 404

2,498 2,603 2,771 2,419 2,603 2,509

9,063 8,508 8,402 7,896 8,402 8,292

DEMOGRAPHY

81

Table 3: Children by individual age group, 2003 Census

TotalTotal 0

0

Age Age groups groups 1-3 1-3 4-6 4-6 7-9 7-910-1410-14 15-1715-17

TotalTotal children children in % in % 0

0

% % 1-3 1-3 4-5 4-5 6-9 6-9 10-1410-14 15-1715-17

67 240 240 133 133 260 260 395 395 248 248

100 100

5.0 5.0 17.9 17.9 9.9 9.9 19.4 19.4 29.4 29.4 18.5 18.5

Bar Bar

9,6559,655457 4571,4311,431 999 9992,1512,1512,7952,7951,8221,822

100 100

4.7 4.7 14.8 14.8 10.3 10.3 22.3 22.3 28.9 28.9 18.9 18.9

Berane Berane

9,3939,393454 4541,4631,463 953 9532,1582,1582,7222,7221,6431,643

100 100

4.8 4.8 15.6 15.6 10.1 10.1 23.0 23.0 29.0 29.0 17.5 17.5

BijeloBijelo PoljePolje13,680 13,680682 6822,1692,1691,4101,4102,9492,9493,9293,9292,5412,541

100 100

5.0 5.0 15.9 15.9 10.3 10.3 21.6 21.6 28.7 28.7 18.6 18.6

Budva Budva

3,8483,848208 208 615 615 361 361 861 8611,0831,083 720 720

100 100

5.4 5.4 16.0 16.0 9.4 9.4 22.4 22.4 28.1 28.1 18.7 18.7

Cetinje Cetinje

4,1514,151156 156 502 502 363 363 885 8851,3531,353 892 892

100 100

3.8 3.8 12.1 12.1 8.7 8.7 21.3 21.3 32.6 32.6 21.5 21.5

Danilovgrad Danilovgrad4,2424,242191 191 636 636 429 429 848 8481,2951,295 843 843

100 100

4.5 4.5 15.0 15.0 10.1 10.1 20.0 20.0 30.5 30.5 19.9 19.9

Herceg Herceg Novi Novi7,1607,160355 3551,0661,066 749 7491,5221,5222,0882,0881,3801,380 Kolasin Kolasin 2,3592,359109 109 326 326 211 211 506 506 697 697 510 510 KotorKotor 5,1195,119225 225 768 768 516 5161,1121,1121,5001,500 998 998

100 100

5.0 5.0 14.9 14.9 10.5 10.5 21.3 21.3 29.2 29.2 19.3 19.3

100 100

4.6 4.6 13.8 13.8 8.9 8.9 21.4 21.4 29.5 29.5 21.6 21.6

100 100

4.4 4.4 15.0 15.0 10.1 10.1 21.7 21.7 29.3 29.3 19.5 19.5

Mojkovac Mojkovac 2,5582,558112 112 391 391 260 260 557 557 740 740 498 498 Niksic Niksic 18,413 18,413918 9182,8982,8981,9741,9744,1654,1655,1125,1123,3463,346 Plav Plav 4,3114,311208 208 633 633 454 454 923 9231,2711,271 822 822

100 100

4.4 4.4 15.3 15.3 10.2 10.2 21.8 21.8 28.9 28.9 19.5 19.5

100 100

5.0 5.0 15.7 15.7 10.7 10.7 22.6 22.6 27.8 27.8 18.2 18.2

100 100

4.8 4.8 14.7 14.7 10.5 10.5 21.4 21.4 29.5 29.5 19.1 19.1

Pljevlja Pljevlja

100 100

4.7 4.7 14.2 14.2 9.7 9.7 21.5 21.5 29.4 29.4 20.5 20.5

73 185 185 257 257 190 190

100 100

4.5 4.5 15.8 15.8 8.2 8.2 20.9 20.9 29.0 29.0 21.5 21.5

Podgorica Podgorica44,172 44,172 2,3102,3107,0837,0834,6324,6329,7609,760 12,422 12,4227,9657,965

100 100

5.2 5.2 16.0 16.0 10.5 10.5 22.1 22.1 28.1 28.1 18.0 18.0

Rozaje Rozaje

100 100

5.4 5.4 16.5 16.5 10.0 10.0 21.3 21.3 30.1 30.1 16.6 16.6

56 122 122 196 196 119 119

100 100

4.5 4.5 12.8 12.8 9.4 9.4 20.5 20.5 32.9 32.9 20.0 20.0

TivatTivat

3,1013,101127 127 436 436 346 346 665 665 925 925 602 602

100 100

4.1 4.1 14.1 14.1 11.2 11.2 21.4 21.4 29.8 29.8 19.4 19.4

UlcinjUlcinj

5,4425,442227 227 772 772 600 6001,2221,2221,5721,5721,0491,049

100 100

4.2 4.2 14.2 14.2 11.0 11.0 22.5 22.5 28.9 28.9 19.3 19.3

77 191 191 291 291 182 182

100 100

4.5 4.5 12.7 12.7 8.6 8.6 21.3 21.3 32.5 32.5 20.3 20.3

Montenegro Montenegro 156,683 156,683 7,6907,690 24,122 24,122 16,110 16,110 34,325 34,325 45,214 45,214 29,222 29,222

100 100

4.9 4.9 15.4 15.4 10.3 10.3 21.9 21.9 28.9 28.9 18.7 18.7

Andrijevica Andrijevica1,3431,343 67

Pluzine Pluzine

Savnik Savnik

Zabljak Zabljak

82

7,6507,650357 3571,0901,090 742 7421,6441,6442,2482,2481,5691,569 885 885 40

40 140 140 73

7,7107,710420 4201,2731,273 772 7721,6391,6392,3232,3231,2831,283 596 596 27

895 895 40

27

76

76 56

40 114 114 77

DEMOGRAPHY

83

Table 3a: Children by individual age group, 2011 Census

TotalTotal 0 Municipalities Municipalities

Age groups Age groups 0 1-3 1-3 4-5 4-5 6-9 6-910-1410-14 15-1715-17

TotalTotal children children % % 0

0

% % 1-3 1-3 4-5 4-5 6-9 6-9 10-1410-14 15-1715-17

Andrijevica Andrijevica1,1191,119 50 50 161 161 100 100 247 247 345 345 216 216 Bar Bar 1,7401,740 9,4859,485507 5071,5651,565 943 9432,0062,0062,7242,724 Berane Berane 1,7281,728 8,8718,871465 4651,3701,370 869 8691,9141,9142,5252,525

100 100 4.5

4.5 14.4 14.4 8.9

8.9 22.1 22.1 30.8 30.8 19.3 19.3

100 100 5.3

5.3 16.5 16.5 9.9

9.9 21.1 21.1 28.7 28.7 18.3 18.3

100 100 5.2

5.2 15.4 15.4 9.8

9.8 21.6 21.6 28.5 28.5 19.5 19.5

BijeloBijelo Polje Polje 2,1212,121 11,729 11,729601 6011,9191,9191,1241,1242,5502,5503,4143,414 Budva Budva 4,2664,266293 293 838 838 441 441 891 8911,0901,090 713 713

100 100 5.1

5.1 16.4 16.4 9.6

9.6 21.7 21.7 29.1 29.1 18.1 18.1

100 100 6.9

6.9 19.6 19.6 10.3 10.3 20.9 20.9 25.6 25.6 16.7 16.7

Cetinje Cetinje

2,9982,998145 145 468 468 288 288 593 593 872 872 632 632 Danilovgrad Danilovgrad 3,8843,884194 194 604 604 405 405 837 8371,1371,137 707 707 Herceg Herceg Novi Novi 1,1301,130 6,2296,229348 3481,0301,030 642 6421,3051,3051,7741,774

100 100 4.8

4.8 15.6 15.6 9.6

100 100 5.0

5.0 15.6 15.6 10.4 10.4 21.5 21.5 29.3 29.3 18.2 18.2

100 100 5.6

5.6 16.5 16.5 10.3 10.3 21.0 21.0 28.5 28.5 18.1 18.1

Kolasin Kolasin

81 239 239 147 147 354 354 534 534 366 366

100 100 4.7

4.7 13.9 13.9 8.5

8.5 20.6 20.6 31.0 31.0 21.3 21.3

4,5764,576300 300 747 747 440 440 956 9561,3091,309 824 824 Mojkovac Mojkovac 1,9211,921 79 79 240 240 171 171 448 448 610 610 373 373 NiksicNiksic 3,0803,080 16,594 16,594888 8882,6612,6611,5731,5733,5583,5584,8344,834

100 100 6.6

6.6 16.3 16.3 9.6

9.6 20.9 20.9 28.6 28.6 18.0 18.0

100 100 4.1

4.1 12.5 12.5 8.9

8.9 23.3 23.3 31.8 31.8 19.4 19.4

100 100 5.4

5.4 16.0 16.0 9.5

9.5 21.4 21.4 29.1 29.1 18.6 18.6

Plav Plav

3,5833,583169 169 490 490 357 357 805 8051,0841,084 678 678 1,1741,174 5,8625,862233 233 774 774 562 5621,2811,2811,8381,838

100 100 4.7

4.7 13.7 13.7 10.0 10.0 22.5 22.5 30.3 30.3 18.9 18.9

100 100 4.0

4.0 13.2 13.2 9.6

9.6 21.9 21.9 31.4 31.4 20.0 20.0

46 134 134 172 172 134 134

100 100 3.4

3.4 12.9 12.9 7.9

7.9 23.1 23.1 29.6 29.6 23.1 23.1

Podgorica Podgorica45,667 7,8327,832 12,630 12,630 2,6492,6497,9677,9674,6584,6589,9319,931 45,667

100 100 5.8

5.8 17.4 17.4 10.2 10.2 21.7 21.7 27.7 27.7 17.2 17.2

Rozaje Rozaje

1,2461,246 7,2717,271417 4171,2121,212 781 7811,6791,6791,9361,936 373 373 11 11 55 55 37 37 89 89 102 102 79 79

100 100 5.7

5.7 16.7 16.7 10.7 10.7 23.1 23.1 26.6 26.6 17.1 17.1

100 100 2.9

2.9 14.7 14.7 9.9

3,0253,025185 185 567 567 311 311 589 589 823 823 550 550 4,7184,718238 238 726 726 453 453 960 9601,4311,431 910 910

100 100 6.1

6.1 18.7 18.7 10.3 10.3 19.5 19.5 27.2 27.2 18.2 18.2

100 100 5.0

5.0 15.4 15.4 9.6

9.6 20.3 20.3 30.3 30.3 19.3 19.3

58 139 139 187 187 142 142

100 100 4.0

4.0 15.5 15.5 8.9

8.9 21.3 21.3 28.6 28.6 21.7 21.7

Montenegro Montenegro 26,375 26,375 41,371 41,371 31,266 31,266 14,406 14,406 23,809 23,809 7,8997,899 145,126 145,126

100 100 5.4

5.4 16.4 16.4 9.9

9.9 21.5 21.5 28.5 28.5 18.2 18.2

1,7211,721 81

KotorKotor

Pljevlja Pljevlja Pluzine Pluzine

Savnik Savnik Tivat Tivat UlcinjUlcinj Zabljak Zabljak

84

581 581 20

653 653 26

20

75

75 46

26 101 101 58

9.6 19.8 19.8 29.1 29.1 21.1 21.1

9.9 23.9 23.9 27.3 27.3 21.2 21.2

DEMOGRAPHY

85

Table 4: Children by ethnicity, 2011 Census

Egyptians Does not want Does not Others want Croats Roma Croats Total Montenegrins Total Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Serbs Muslims Bosniacs Bosniacs Albanians Albanians Roma Egyptians Municipality Municipality to declare to declare AndrijevicaAndrijevica 1,119

1,119

408

642408

6421

1-

--

Bar

Bar 9,485

9,485 4,391

2,160 4,391

810 2,160

810 662

Berane

Berane 8,871

8,871 2,300

3,420 2,300

523 3,420

11,729 2,112

3,735 2,112

4,266 2,230

Others

-

--

-

45

23 45

23

662 493

16493 112 16

112 12

12

604

225 604

225

523 1,733

1,733 14

8 14 322 8

322 101

101

357

93 357

93

1,614 3,735

1,614 3,702

3,702 23

7 23 162 7

162 -

253

121 253

121

1,383 2,230

25 1,383

25 21

21 18

14 18

71

351

136 351

136

2,998 2,742

91 2,742

- 1

3,884 2,564

972 2,564

23-

-1

DanilovgradDanilovgrad 3,884

912 9723

-3

7 3

Herceg Novi Herceg Novi 6,229

6,229 2,235

2,760 2,235

209

97

Kolasin

Kolasin 1,721 Kotor4,576

1,721 1,064

539 1,064

20 2,760 5393

3-

--

- -

4,576 2,320

1,335 2,320

152

2 28

216 28

Mojkovac Mojkovac 1,921 Niksic Niksic 16,594

1,921 1,182

621 1,182

15 1,335 621 -

-2

2-

- -

16,59410,634

3,662 10,634

3,662 89 183 484

89 38 183 1,899

38 26 1,899 776

388 315 --

3883 --

Bijelo Polje Bijelo Polje 11,729 Budva Cetinje

Kotor

Budva 4,266 Cetinje 2,998

- -

-

17 14

17 71

-

-

85

29 85

29

5 7

48 5-

-

282

48 282

48

49 7 115 49

115 15

15

882

137 882

137

-

--

-

85

30 85

30

44216

44 41

41

453

122 453

122

-

7-

-

89

20 89

20

14 26 242 14 776 - - 3 7 - - -

242 237 --

237 1,429 25 - 402 40

223 1,429

223

14 25

14

52 402

52

0 40

0

39 2,072 39 2,634 - 350

369 2,072 40

369 2,949

729 2,949

729

20

31 20

31

-

--

40 -

9

49

4

48

7

Plav

Plav 3,583

3,583

202

484202

Pljevlja

Pljevlja 5,862 Pluzine581

5,862 1,543

3,152 1,543

161

380161

3,152 315 380 -

Podgorica Podgorica 45,667 Rozaje Rozaje 7,271

45,66725,052

9,449 25,052

9,449 1,236

1,236 1,138

1,138 2,634

7,271

95

210 95

373

204

156204

210 295 156 -

295 6,230 --

6,230 350 --

3,025 1,046

920 1,046

920 21

21 28

28 38

335 38

19335

19 164

164

356

98 356

98

4,718

558

192558

1 3,349 - -

78 1 - -

78 32 --

32 -

101

278329

98 3,349 --

101 111

329

2,975 98 1-

111

653

192 2,975 2781

35

10 35

10

14,183 11,431 38,46814,183 11,431 2,975

2,975 6,118

6,118 549

45549 661 45

661 184

184 1,695

627 1,695

627

Pluzine

Savnik Tivat Ulcinj Zabljak

Savnik373 Tivat3,025 Ulcinj 4,718 Zabljak653

Montenegro Montenegro 38,468

86

581

- -

-

7--

DEMOGRAPHY

87

Table 5: Children by ethnicity and gender, 2011 Census

Gender Gender Age

Does Does not wantnot want Others Albanians Albanians Croats Roma Croats Egyptians Roma Egyptians Others Total Age Montenegrins Total Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Serbs Muslims BosniaksBosniaks to declare to declare

Male

0

4,064 0

4,064

1,781

1,781 918

918 127

127 477

477181

26 181 11426

11438

38 320

82 320

82

1

1 4,231

4,231

1,823

1,823 1,007

1,007 181

181 459

459202

18 202 10918

10941

41 319

72 319

72

2

2 4,179

4,179

1,831

1,831 943

943 165

165 491

491190

22 190 12222

12234

34 319

62 319

62

3

3 4,111

4,111

1,832

1,832 944

944 156

156 475

475212

18 212 10718

10739

39 265

63 265

63

4

4 3,776

3,776

1,626

1,626 890

890 148

148 416

416176

28 176 10028

10031

31 284

77 284

77

5

5 3,762

3,762

1,566

1,566 908

908 145

145 451

451222

16 222 10816

10840

40 238

68 238

68

6

6 3,817

3,817

1,693

1,693 917

917 121

121 453

453191

14 191

9314

9326

26 239

70 239

70

7

7 3,941

3,941

1,725

1,725 971

971 147

147 456

456213

17 213

8517

8535

35 220

72 220

72

8

8 4,282

4,282

1,890

1,890 1,031

1,031 141

141 502

502238

18 238

9418

9436

36 263

69 263

69

9

9 4,214

4,214

1,842

1,842 1,037

1,037 155

155 491

491230

17 230

9617

9637

37 245

64 245

64

10

10 4,254

4,254

1,891

1,891 1,033

1,033 169

169 479

479228

20 228 10320

10327

27 245

59 245

59

11

11 4,068

4,068

1,797

1,797 1,082

1,082 169

169 396

396227

15 227

9415

9426

26 196

66 196

66

12

12 4,298

4,298

1,876

1,876 1,123

1,123 157

157 488

488240

13 240

6313

6337

37 239

62 239

62

13

13 4,363

4,363

1,919

1,919 1,178

1,178 166

166 432

432270

15 270

8415

8427

27 199

73 199

73

14

14 4,406

4,406

1,894

1,894 1,216

1,216 181

181 480

480237

20 237

9720

9723

23 193

65 193

65

15

15 4,691

4,691

1,976

1,976 1,369

1,369 159

159 492

492263

24 263

7824

7823

23 238

69 238

69

16

16 4,507

4,507

1,925

1,925 1,356

1,356 151

151 411

411253

30 253

7830

7834

34 204

65 204

65

17

17 4,403

4,403

1,958

1,958 1,250

1,250 149

149 442

442244

28 244

6028

6027

27 186

59 186

59

Female Female 0

0 3,835

3,835

1,659

1,659 826

826 137

137 450

450211

25 211 10625

10634

34 315

72 315

72

1

1 3,823 2 3,771

3,823

1,669

1,669 867

867 133

133 450

450180

27 180 10327

10333

33 296

65 296

65

3,771

1,611

1,611 911

911 140

140 427

427182

20 182 10520

10529

29 278

68 278

68

88

Male

2

DEMOGRAPHY

89

Table 5: Children by ethnicity and gender, 2011 Census, continued

Gender Gender Age Female Female 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

90

Does Does not wantnot want Others Total Age Montenegrins Total Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Serbs Muslims BosniaksBosniaks Albanians Albanians Croats Roma Croats Egyptians Roma Egyptians Others to declare to declare 3,8350 3,8231

3,835

1,659

1,659 826

826 137

137 450

450211

211 10625 25

10634

34 315

315 72

72

3,823

1,669

1,669 867

867 133

133 450

450180

180 10327 27

10333

33 296

296 65

65

3,7712 3,6943

3,771

1,611

1,611 911

911 140

140 427

427182

182 10520 20

10529

29 278

278 68

68

3,694

1,623

1,623 881

881 127

127 385

385186

186 18

9518

9530

30 287

287 62

62

3,4664 3,4025

3,466

1,482

1,482 847

847 117

117 397

397176

176 15

9115

9129

29 254

254 58

58

3,402

1,500

1,500 805

805 109

109 400

400188

188 16

9416

9425

25 234

234 31

31

3,5126 3,6997

3,512

1,513

1,513 908

908 124

124 383

383179

179 15

8915

8931

31 221

221 49

49

3,699

1,590

1,590 915

915 139

139 434

434194

194 22

9122

9129

29 234

234 51

51

3,8558 3,9469

3,855

1,679

1,679 955

955 147

147 434

434194

194 16

9216

9226

26 262

262 50

50

3,946

1,733

1,733 968

968 163

163 474

474205

205 17

7017

7030

30 227

227 59

59

10 4,019 11 3,828

4,019

1,778

1,778 1,017

1,017 142

142 441

441214

214 30

9730

9727

27 224

224 49

49

3,828

1,682

1,682 962

962 136

136 398

398236

236 17

7517

7529

29 233

233 60

60

12 3,994 13 4,039

3,994

1,765

1,765 1,029

1,029 157

157 415

415227

227 13

9113

9128

28 218

218 51

51

4,039

1,779

1,779 1,047

1,047 165

165 402

402224

224 21

7821

7818

18 236

236 69

69

14 4,102 15 4,372

4,102

1,831

1,831 1,062

1,062 155

155 430

430240

240 20

6520

6525

25 223

223 51

51

4,372

1,961

1,961 1,124

1,124 169

169 431

431257

257 16

7516

7531

31 244

244 64

64

16 4,276 17 4,126

4,276

1,863

1,863 1,144

1,144 156

156 456

456226

226 24

8224

8223

23 229

229 73

73

4,126

1,809

1,809 1,100

1,100 151

151 452

452227

227 15

6615

6624

24 235

235 47

47

DEMOGRAPHY

91

Table 6: Children of age 6-17 years by school attendance and by municipality, 2011 Census

Total children Do not attend Municipality of age 6-17 school Montenegro Andrijevica Bar Berane Bijelo Polje Budva Cetinje Danilovgad Herceg Novi Kolasin Kotor Mojkovac Niksic Plav Pljevlja Pluzine Podgorica Rozaje Savnik Tivat Ulcinj Zabljak

92

99,012 808 6,470 6,167 8,085 2,694 2,097 2,681 4,209 1,254 3,089 1,431 11,472 2,567 4,293 440 30,393 4,861 270 1,962 3 301 468

5,313 45 301 428 438 111 65 85 170 46 103 50 533 152 151 17 2,080 302 15 96 113 12

Table 6a: Boys of age 6-17 years by school attendance and by municipality, 2011 Census

% Attend school

Do not attend school

Attend school

93,699 763 6,169 5,739 7,647 2,583 2,032 2,596 4,039 1,208 2,986 1,381 10,939 2,415 4,142 423 28,313 4,559 255 1,866 3,188 456

5% 6% 5% 7% 5% 4% 3% 3% 4% 4% 3% 3% 5% 6% 4% 4% 7% 6% 6% 5% 3% 3%

95% 94% 95% 93% 95% 96% 97% 97% 96% 96% 97% 97% 95% 94% 96% 96% 93% 94% 94% 95% 97% 97%

Table 6b: Girls of age 6-17 years by school attendance and by municipality, 2011 Census

Do Total boys not of age attend Attend Municipality 6-17 school school

Do not Total girls of attend Attend Municipality age 6-17 school school

Montenegro 51,244 392 Andrijevica 3,369 Bar 3,224 Berane 4,155 Bijelo Polje 1,419 Budva Cetinje 1,084 Danilovgad 1,421 Herceg Novi 2,180 Kolasin 614 Kotor 1,587 Mojkovac 750 Niksic 5,888 Plav 1,322 Pljevlja 2,143 Pluzine 220 Podgorica 15,872 Rozaje 2,547 Savnik 130 Tivat 1,013 Ulcinj 1,691 223 Zabljak

Montenegro 47,768 416 Andrijevica 3,101 Bar 2,943 Berane 3,930 Bijelo Polje 1,275 Budva Cetinje 1,013 Danilovgad 1,260 Herceg Novi 2,029 Kolasin 640 Kotor 1,502 Mojkovac 681 Niksic 5,584 Plav 1,245 Pljevlja 2,150 Pluzine 220 Podgorica 14,521 Rozaje 2,314 Savnik 140 Tivat 949 Ulcinj 1,610 245 Zabljak

2,747 48,497 371 21 150 3,219 200 3,024 229 3,926 64 1,355 37 1,047 45 1,376 95 2,085 593 21 54 1,533 718 32 281 5,607 77 1,245 88 2,055 9 211 1,114 14,758 111 2,436 7 123 56 957 53 1,638 3 220

2,566 45,202 392 24 151 2,950 228 2,715 209 3,721 47 1,228 985 28 40 1,220 75 1,954 615 25 49 1,453 663 18 252 5,332 75 1,170 63 2,087 8 212 966 13,555 191 2,123 8 132 40 909 60 1,550 9 236

EDUCATION

93

Table 7: Children of age 6-17 by school attendance and by individual age groups, 2011 Census

94

Age

Total

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

7,329 7,640 8,137 8,160 8,273 7,896 8,292 8,402 8,508 9,063 8,783 8,529

Do not attend school 1,775 349 259 214 230 217 223 257 278 396 507 608

Table 7a: Boys of age 6-17 by school attendance and by individual age groups, 2011 Census

Attend school

Age

Total

5,554 7,291 7,878 7,946 8,043 7,679 8,069 8,145 8,230 8,667 8,276 7,921

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

3,817 3,941 4,282 4,214 4,254 4,068 4,298 4,363 4,406 4,691 4,507 4,403

Do not attend school 994 189 149 124 114 103 112 130 156 174 232 270

Table 7b: Girls of age 6-17 by school attendance and by individual age groups, 2011 Census

Attend school

Age

Total

2,823 3,752 4,133 4,090 4,140 3,965 4,186 4,233 4,250 4,517 4,275 4,133

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

3,512 3,699 3,855 3,946 4,019 3,828 3,994 4,039 4,102 4,372 4,276 4,126

Do not attend school 781 160 110 90 116 114 111 127 122 222 275 338

Attend school 2,731 3,539 3,745 3,856 3,903 3,714 3,883 3,912 3,980 4,150 4,001 3,788

EDUCATION

95

Table 8: Children of age 6 -17 by computer literacy and by municipality, 2011 Census

Total number Total number Under of children Municipality of children 15 years aged 15-17 Montenegro Andrijevica Bar Berane Bijelo Polje Budva Cetinje Danilovgad Herceg Novi Kolasin Kotor Mojkovac Niksic Plav Pljevlja Pluzine Podgorica Rozaje Savnik Tivat Ulcinj Zabljak

96

145,126 1,119 9,485 8,871 11,729 4,266 2,998 3,884 6,229 1,721 4,576 1,921 16,594 3,583 5,862 581 45,667 7,271 373 3,025 4,718 653

118,751 903 7,745 7,143 9,608 3,553 2,366 3,177 5,099 1,355 3,752 1,548 13,514 2,905 4,688 447 37,835 6,025 294 2,475 3,808 511

26,375 216 1,740 1,728 2,121 713 632 707 1,130 366 824 373 3,080 678 1,174 134 7,832 1,246 79 550 910 142

Partly able Not able to use to use Computer computer computer literate applications applications 18,133 110 1,302 979 1,364 578 447 500 932 241 652 238 2,309 292 925 80 5,436 611 43 453 544 97

6,053 74 363 507 537 93 154 165 147 93 138 104 555 312 186 45 1,726 429 22 66 298 39

1,661 29 47 211 191 16 16 37 34 20 15 21 164 50 46 8 536 151 12 21 32 4

Table 8a: Children of age 6 -17 by computer literacy and by municipality in %, 2011 Census

Municipality

Computer literate

Partly able to use computer applications

Not able to use computer applications

No reply

Montenegro Andrijevica Bar Berane Bijelo Polje Budva Cetinje Danilovgad Herceg Novi Kolasin Kotor Mojkovac Niksic Plav Pljevlja Pluzine Podgorica Rozaje Savnik Tivat Ulcinj Zabljak

69% 51% 75% 57% 64% 81% 71% 71% 82% 66% 79% 64% 75% 43% 79% 60% 69% 49% 54% 82% 60% 68%

23% 34% 21% 29% 25% 13% 24% 23% 13% 25% 17% 28% 18% 46% 16% 34% 22% 34% 28% 12% 33% 27%

6% 13% 3% 12% 9% 2% 3% 5% 3% 5% 2% 6% 5% 7% 4% 6% 7% 12% 15% 4% 4% 3%

2% 1% 2% 2% 1% 4% 2% 1% 2% 3% 2% 3% 2% 4% 1% 1% 2% 4% 3% 2% 4% 1%

No reply 528 3 28 31 29 26 15 5 17 12 19 10 52 24 17 1 134 55 2 10 36 2

EDUCATION

97

Table 9: Children according to school attendance by ethnicity, 2011 Census

%

Ethnicity

Total

Do not attend school

Albanians

2,834

142

2,692

5%

95%

Bosniaks

5,522

274

5,248

5%

95%

22,386

813

21,573

4%

96%

Egyptians

358

166

192

46%

54%

Croats

231

9

222

4%

96%

Muslims

1,865

108

1,757

6%

94%

Does not want to declare

2,667

113

2,554

4%

96%

793

68

17,725

9%

91%

Roma

1,025

500

525

49%

51%

Serbs

13,563

554

13,009

4%

96%

Montenegrins

© UNICEF Crna Gora/Zoran Jovanović-Maccak

Others

98

Attend school

Do not attend school

Attend school

EDUCATION

99

Table 10: Children from 15-17 years according to activity by municipality, 2011 Census

% Municipality Total Active Inactive Others Andrijevica 1 1,117 1,119 1 Bar 5 9,461 9,485 19 Berane 5 8,830 8,871 36 Bijelo Polje 6 11,691 11,729 32 Budva 2 4,256 4,266 8 Cetinje 4 2,998 2,983 11 Danilovgrad 1 3,884 3,869 14 Herceg Novi 1 6,229 6,222 6 Kolasin 1,721 1,711 10 Kotor 2 4,576 4,564 10 Mojkovac 2 1,921 1,915 4 Niksic 2 16,594 16,570 22 Plav 6 3,583 3,544 33 Pljevlja 2 5,862 16 5,844 Pluzine 581 579 2 Podgorica 30 45,667 45,489 148 Rozaje 8 7,271 7,224 39 Savnik 373 368 5 Tivat 2 3,025 3,010 13 Ulcinj 9 4,718 4,696 13 653 Zabljak 652 1 Montenegro 145,126 88 443 144,595

100

Active 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

Inactive Others 0.1 99.8 0.1 99.7 0.1 99.5 0.1 99.7 99.8 0.1 99.5 99.6 99.9 99.4 99.7 99.7 0.1 99.9 98.9 0.2 99.7 99.7 99.6 0.1 99.4 0.1 98.7 99.5 0.1 99.5 0.2 99.8 99.6 0.1

Table 11: Children according to activity, and active according to employment by municipality, 2011 Census

Total Active Inactive active Total Municipality children children Unemployed Employed Pensioners Students Housewives Other Andrijevica 1 1,119 1 9 1 205 Bar 8 9,485 19 11 48 5 1,668 Berane 31 8,871 36 5 127 5 1,560 Bijelo Polje 20 11,729 32 12 116 6 1,967 Budva 5 4,266 8 3 18 2 685 Cetinje 9 2,998 2 11 14 4 603 Danilovgrad 3,884 9 5 14 24 1 668 Herceg Novi 6,229 4 2 6 28 1 1,095 Kolasin 1,721 1 9 10 17 339 Kotor 4,576 3 7 10 13 2 799 Mojkovac 1,921 2 2 4 19 2 348 Niksic 16,594 1 14 8 22 90 2,965 2 Plav 3,583 7 26 33 44 595 6 Pljevlja 5,862 2 12 4 16 22 1,132 2 Pluzine 581 1 2 2 1 130 Podgorica 45,667 3 55 93 148 7,229 422 30 Rozaje 3 7,271 6 33 39 1,068 128 8 Savnik 373 4 1 5 72 2 Tivat 1 3,025 9 4 13 516 18 2 Ulcinj 3 4,718 6 7 852 13 33 9 653 Zabljak 1 140 1 1 14 24,636 Montenegro 145,126 187 256 443 1,194 88

CHILD LABOUR

101

Table 12: Children by activity and by age, 2011 Census

Age

Gender

15-17 15-17

Table 14: Children by activity and by ethnicity, 2011 Census

Total

Active

Inactive

Other

Male

13,601

260

13,302

39

Female

12,774

183

12,542

49

15

Male

4,691

49

4,618

24

15

Female

4,372

30

4,315

27

16

Male

4,507

88

4,409

10

16

Female

4,276

50

4,216

10

17

Male

4,403

123

4,275

5

17

Female

4,126

103

4,011

12

Nationality Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Bosniaks Albanians Croats Roma Egyptians Does not want to declare Others

Activity Total Male Female 120 81 28 65 46 1 51 31

69 51 14 25 27 38 25

51 30 14 40 19 1 13 6

13 7

7 4

6 3

Table 14a: Children by employment and ethnicity, 2011 Census

Ethnicity Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Bosniaks Albanians Croats Roma Egyptians Does not want to declare Others

Employed Total Male Female 63 39 10 12 35 1 10 10

39 25 6 8 21 10 10

24 14 4 4 14 1 -

5 2

4 2

1 -

Table 13: Children by activity, and active by employment and by municipalities, 2011 Census

Age 15-17 15-17 15 15 16 16 17 17

102

Gender Total Male 13,601 Female 12,774 Male 4,691 Female 4,372 Male 4,507 Female 4,276 Male 4,403 Female 4,126

Total Active persons Inactive persons active children Unemployed Employed Retired Pupils Housewives Other 39 507 7 12,788 125 135 260 49 687 7 11,848 62 121 183 24 128 3 4,487 31 18 49 27 181 - 4,134 14 16 30 10 188 - 4,221 38 50 88 10 233 4 3,979 21 29 50 5 191 4 4,080 56 67 123 12 273 3 3,735 27 76 103

CHILD LABOUR

103

% Cetinje % Danilovgrad %

Table 15: Children by citizenship and by municipality, 2011 Census

Herceg Novi % Kolasin

Children that have citizenship of: In the process A foreign obtaining Montenegro country citizenship Stateless

Municipality Andrijevica % Bar % Berane % Bijelo Polje % Budva % Cetinje % Danilovgrad % Herceg Novi % Kolasin % Kotor % Mojkovac % Niksic % Plav % Pljevlja

104

Pluzine

%

1,063 95.0% 8,443 89.0% 8,319 93.8% 11,468 97.8% 3,547 83.1% 2,894 96.5% 3,690 95.0% 5,564 89.3% 1,668 96.9% 4,280 93.5% 1,877 97.7% 15,887 95.7% 3,444 96.1% 5,647 96.3% 571

27 2.4% 591 6.2% 222 2.5% 66 0.6% 471 11.0% 20 0.7% 96 2.5% 404 6.5% 23 1.3% 152 3.3% 11 0.6% 191 1.2% 47 1.3% 78 1.3% 1

% Kotor % No reply

Total

13 1.2% 131 1.4% 78 0.9% 76 0.6% 100 2.3% 16 0.5% 38 1.0% 157

4 0.4% 228 2.4% 185 2.1% 8 0.1% 73 1.7% 10 0.3% 33 0.8% 66

12 1.1% 92 1.0% 67 0.8% 111 0.9% 75 1.8% 58 1.9% 27 0.7% 38

1,119 100.0% 9,485 100.0% 8,871 100.0% 11,729 100.0% 4,266 100.0% 2,998 100.0% 3,884 100.0% 6,229

2.5% 4

1.1% 6

0.6% 20

100.0% 1,721

0.2% 39 0.9% 4 0.2% 151 0.9% 20 0.6% 23 0.4% 3

0.3% 56 1.2% 2 0.1% 146 0.9% 2 0.1% 35 0.6% -

1.2% 49 1.1% 27 1.4% 219 1.3% 70 2.0% 79 1.3% 6

100.0% 4,576 100.0% 1,921 100.0% 16,594 100.0% 3,583 100.0% 5,862 100.0% 581

Mojkovac Municipality % Andrijevica Niksic % Bar Plav % Berane Pljevlja % Bijelo Polje Pluzine % Budva Podgorica % Cetinje Rozaje

%

Danilovgrad Savnik % Herceg Novi Tivat Kolasin Ulcinj Kotor Zabljak Mojkovac Montenegro

% % % %

Niksic % Plav % Pljevlja % Pluzine

2.3% 11.0% 1.7% 83.1% 16 10 20 2,894 0.5% 0.3% 0.7% 96.5% 38 33 96 3,690 2.5% 95.0% 1.0% 0.8% 404 5,564 157 66 6.5% 89.3% 2.5% 1.1% 23 1,668 4 6 1.3% 96.9% 0.2% 0.3% Children that have citizenship of: 152 4,280 39 56 In the 3.3% 93.5% 0.9% 1.2% process 11 1,877 4 2 A foreign obtaining Montenegro citizenship Stateless country 0.6% 97.7% 0.2% 0.1% 191 13 15,887 4 1,063 27 151 146 2.4% 1.2% 1.2% 95.7% 0.4% 95.0% 0.9% 0.9% 591 47 131 228 3,444 8,443 20 2 6.2% 1.3% 1.4% 2.4% 96.1% 89.0% 0.6% 0.1% 222 78 78 185 5,647 8,319 23 35 2.5% 1.3% 0.9% 2.1% 96.3% 93.8% 0.4% 0.6% 66 1 76 8571 11,468 3 0.6% 0.2% 0.6% 0.1%98.3% 97.8% 0.5% 471 100 1,416 73 41,841 732 3,547 1,238 2.3% 11.0% 1.7% 3.1% 91.6% 1.6% 2.7% 83.1% 16 10 20 112 6,865 62 17 2,894 0.5% 0.3% 0.7% 1.5% 94.4% 0.9% 0.2% 96.5% 38 3396 2 370 3,690 2.5% 95.0% 1.0%0.8%0.5% 99.2% 404 5,564 157 66 236 52 2,616 81 6.5% 89.3% 2.5% 1.1% 7.8% 1.7% 2.7% 86.5% 23 1,668 4 6 142 53 36 4,274 1.3% 96.9% 0.2% 0.3% 3.0% 1.1% 0.8% 90.6% 152 4,280 39 564 1 640 3.3% 93.5% 0.9% 1.2% 0.2% 0.6% 98.0% 11 1,877 4 2 1,753 2,226 4,312 134,968 0.6% 97.7% 0.2% 0.1% 1.2% 1.5% 3.0% 93.0% 191 15,887 151 146 1.2% 95.7% 0.9% 0.9% 47 3,444 20 2 1.3% 96.1% 0.6% 0.1% 78 5,647 23 35 1.3% 96.3% 0.4% 0.6% 1 571 3 -

1.8% 58 1.9% 27 0.7% 38

100.0% 2,998 100.0% 3,884 100.0% 6,229

0.6% 20

100.0% 1,721

1.2% 49 1.1% No 27 reply 1.4%

100.0% 4,576 100.0% 1,921 Total 100.0%

12 1,119 219 16,594 1.1% 1.3% 100.0% 92 9,485 70 3,583 1.0% 2.0% 100.0% 67 8,871 79 5,862 0.8% 100.0% 1.3% 111 11,729 6 581 0.9% 1.0% 100.0% 75 4,266 440 45,667 1.8% 1.0% 100.0% 58 2,998 215 7,271 1.9% 3.0% 100.0% 27 3,884 1 373 0.7% 0.3% 100.0% 38 6,229 40 3,025 0.6% 1.3% 100.0% 20 1,721 213 4,718 1.2% 4.5% 100.0% 49 4,576 8 653 1.1% 100.0% 1.2% 27 1,921 1,867 145,126 1.4% 1.3% 100.0% 219 16,594 1.3% 100.0% 70 3,583 2.0% 100.0% 79 5,862 CITIZENSHIP 105 1.3% 100.0% 6 581

Table 16: Citizenship of children by ethnicity, 2011 Census

Table 16a: Citizenship of children by ethnicity in %, 2011 Census

Children that have citizenship of:

Ethnicity Total Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Bosniaks Albanians Croats Roma Egyptians Does not want to declare Others

106

Total

Children that have citizenship of:

In the process of A foreign obtaining Montenegro country citizenship Stateless

145,126 63,372 36,541 5,354 15,950 7,763 706 3,250 1,082

134,959 61,447 33,623 5,056 15,376 7,172 674 1,587 321

4,254 444 1,892 122 163 217 20 425 271

1,753 444 392 82 108 107 4 344 133

8,862 2,246

8,138 1,565

329 371

113 26

No data

2,226 1,934 604 433 352 282 60 34 279 24 209 58 8 42 852 10 347 125 71

157 213

Ethnicity Total Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Bosniaks Albanians Croats Roma Egyptians Does not want to declare Others

In the proces of A foreign obtaining Total Montenegro country citizenship Stateless

No Data

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

93% 97% 92% 94% 96% 92% 95% 49% 30%

3% 1% 5% 2% 1% 3% 3% 13% 25%

1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 11% 12%

2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 26% 32%

1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3% 1% 1% 1%

100% 100%

92% 70%

4% 17%

1% 1%

1% 3%

2% 9%

CITIZENSHIP

107

Table 17: Ethnic structure of children by municipality, 2011 Census

Municipality

Total

Montenegro 145,126 Andrijevica 1,119 Bar 9,485 Berane 8,871 Bijelo Polje 11,729 Budva 4,266 Cetinje 2,998 Danilovgrad 3,884 Herceg Novi 6,229 Kolasin 1,721 Kotor 4,576 Mojkovac 1,921 Niksic 16,594 Plav 3,583 Pljevlja 5,862 Pluzine 581 Podgorica 45,667 Rozaje 7,271 Savnik 373 Tivat 3,025 Ulcinj 4,718 653 Zabljak

108

Does not Does not want to want to Croats Albanians Montenegrins Bosniaks Muslims Serbs Egyptians Roma declare Others Municipality Total Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Bosniaks Albanians Croats Roma Egyptians declare Others 2,246 706 3,250 7,763 5,354 5,354 15,950 63,372 36,541 8,862 2,246 1,082 706 3,250 7,763 8,862 15,950 1,082 63,372 36,541 145,126 Montenegro 23 45 1 642 408 23 45 Andrijevica 1 642 408 1,119 225 604 12 112 16 493 662 225 604 Bar4,391 2,1609,485 810 12 112 16 493 662 810 4,391 2,160 93 357 10114 322 8 1,733 2,300 3,4208,871 523 Berane 93 357 101 322 8 1,733 523 2,300 3,42014 121 253 -23 162 7 3,702 1,614 2,112 Bijelo Polje3,735 121 253 162 7 3,702 2,112 3,73523 1,614 11,729 136 351 71 17 14 18 21 25 1,383 2,230 Budva 136 351 71 17 14 18 21 25 2,230 1,383 4,266 29 85 48 1 2 91 2,742 Cetinje 29 85 48 1 2 91 2,742 2,998 48 282 - 3 5 7 9723,884 3 2,564 Danilovgrad 48 282 5 7 3 972 3 2,564 137 882 15 7 115 9 49 9 2,7606,229 20 2,235Novi Herceg 137 882 15 115 49 20 2,760 7 2,235 30 85- - 5391,721 3 1,064 Kolasin 30 85 3539 1,064 122 453 41 44 216 28 2 15 1,335 2,320 Kotor 122 453 41 44 216 28 2 15 2,320 1,335 4,576 20 89 7 2 621 1,182 Mojkovac 20 89 7 2 621 1,182 1,921 223 23726 1,429 24238 14 38 10,634 3,662 Niksic 223 1,429 237 242 14 89 3,66226 10,634 16,594 89 14 25776 1,899 4843,583 183 Plav 202 14 25 776 1,899 183484 202 52 402- 3 7 388 1,543 3,1525,862 315 Pljevlja 52 402 7 388 3151,543 3,152 3 40 380 161 Pluzine 40 380 161 581 729 2,949 369 2,072 39 2,634 1,138 1,236 9,449 25,052 Podgorica 729 2,949 369 39 2,072 2,634 1,138 25,052 9,449 1,236 45,667 31 20 40 350 6,230 2107,271 295 Rozaje95 31 20 40 350 6,230 295 210 95 9- - -156 373 204 Savnik 4 9 -4 156 204 98 356 16438 1928 335 28 9203,025 21 1,046 Tivat 98 356 164 19 335 21 92038 1,046 101 111 32 7898 1 3,349 98 1924,718 198 Ulcinj558 101 111 32 78 1 3,349 198 192 558 10 35 1 278 329 10 35 1 278 329 653 Zabljak

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

109

Table 17a: Ethnic structure of children by municipalities in %, 2011 Census

Does not Does not want to want to Municipality Total Montenegrins Municipality CroatsBosniaks Croats Roma Albanians Albaniansdeclare Bosniaks Serbs Muslims Muslims SerbsTotal Montenegrins Roma Egyptians OthersEgyptians declare Others Montenegro Andrijevica Bar Berane Bijelo Polje Budva Cetinje Danilovgrad Herceg Novi Kolasin Kotor Mojkovac Niksic Plav Pljevlja Pluzine Podgorica Rozaje Savnik Tivat Ulcinj Zabljak

110

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

44% 25%100% Montenegro Andrijevica 36% 57%100% Bar46% 23%100% Berane 26% 39%100% Bijelo 32%100% 18%Polje Budva 52% 32%100% Cetinje 3%100% 91% Danilovgrad 66% 25%100% Herceg 44%100% 36% Novi Kolasin 62% 31%100% Kotor 52% 29%100% Mojkovac 62% 32%100% Niksic 64% 22%100% Plav6% 14%100% Pljevlja 26% 54%100% Pluzine 28% 65%100% Podgorica 55% 21%100% Rozaje 3%100% 1% Savnik 55% 42%100% Tivat 35% 30%100% Ulcinj 4%100% 12% 50% 43%100% Zabljak

4% 9% 6% 14% 1% 1% 5% 5% 3% 4% 1% 4% -

11% 44% 36%7% 46% 20% 26% 32% 18% 52%91%66%36%62%52%62%64%53% 6% 7% 26% 28%2% 55% 86% 1% 55%1% 35% 2% 12% 50%-

25% 5% 4% -57% 23% 5% 9% - 6% 39% - 14% 32% - 1% 32% -3% -25% 1% 44% -31% 5% 29% 1% -32% - 1% 22% 14%22% 5% - 5% 54% -65% 21% 6% 3% 3% 5% 4% -42% 11% 30% 1% 1% 4%71% 4% -43%

2% 11% - 1% 7% 4% 20% 1% 32% - 2% - 2% - 1% - 1% 53% 7% - 5% 2% 86% - 1% 1% 2% 2% - -

1%5% - 5% 1% - 2% - - - - 1%1% - - 22% - - 1%6% 1%5% - 5%1% 1% 71% - -

6%-6%4%2%8%3%7%14% 1% 5%10% 5% 5%9%1%7%7%6%-2%12% 11% 2%5%-

2% 2% 51% 2% 1% 1% 4% 1% 1% 3% 1% 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 1% 1% 1% 1% -1% -2% 5% -1% 3% 1% 2% 2% 2% -

1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 5% 1% -

6% 6% 4% 2% 8% 3% 7% 14% 5% 10% 5% 9% 1% 7% 7% 6% 2% 12% 2% 5%

2% 51% 2% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 3% 2% 2%

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

111

Table 18: Ethnic structure of children by gender, 2011 Census

Gender Age Gender Total Montenegrins Age Total Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Serbs Bosniaks Muslims Albanians Bosniaks Croats Albanians Roma Egyptians Croats Roma Does Egyptians not Others Does not Others want to want to declare declare 4,064

0

1,781 4,064

918

1,781 127 918

477 127

181477 26

181 114

26 38 114

320

38 82

320

82

1

4,231

1

1,823 4,231

1,007

1,007 1,823 181

459 181

202459 18

202 109

18 41 109

319

41 72

319

72

2

4,179

2

1,831 4,179

943

1,831 165 943

491 165

190491 22

190 122

22 34 122

319

34 62

319

62

3

4,111

3

1,832 4,111

944

1,832 156 944

475 156

212475 18

212 107

18 39 107

265

39 63

265

63

4

3,776

4

1,626 3,776

890

1,626 148 890

416 148

176416 28

176 100

28 31 100

284

31 77

284

77

5

3,762

5

1,566 3,762

908

1,566 145 908

451 145

222451 16

222 108

16 40 108

238

40 68

238

68

6

3,817

6

1,693 3,817

917

1,693 121 917

453 121

191453 14

191 93

14 26 93

239

26 70

239

70

3,941

7

1,725 3,941

971

1,725 147 971

456 147

213456 17

213 85

17 35 85

220

35 72

220

72

4,282

8

1,890 4,282

1,031

1,031 1,890 141

502 141

238502 18

238 94

18 36 94

263

36 69

263

69

9

4,214

9

1,842 4,214

1,037

1,037 1,842 155

491 155

230491 17

230 96

17 37 96

245

37 64

245

64

10

4,254

10

1,891 4,254

1,033

1,033 1,891 169

479 169

228479 20

228 103

20 27 103

245

27 59

245

59

11

4,068

11

1,797 4,068

1,082

1,082 1,797 169

396 169

227396 15

227 94

15 26 94

196

26 66

196

66

12

4,298

12

4,298 1,876

1,123

1,123 1,876 157

488 157

240488 13

240 63

13 37 63

239

37 62

239

62

13

4,363

13

4,363 1,919

1,178

1,178 1,919 166

432 166

270432 15

270 84

15 27 84

199

27 73

199

73

14

4,406

14

4,406 1,894

1,216

1,216 1,894 181

480 181

237480 20

237 97

20 23 97

193

23 65

193

65

15

4,691

15

4,691 1,976

1,369

1,369 1,976 159

492 159

263492 24

263 78

24 23 78

238

23 69

238

69

16

4,507

16

4,507 1,925

1,356

1,356 1,925 151

411 151

253411 30

253 78

30 34 78

204

34 65

204

65

17

4,403

17

4,403 1,958

1,250

1,250 1,958 149

442 149

244442 28

244 60

28 27 60

186

27 59

186

59

7 8

Male

Male 112

0

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

113

Table 18: Ethnic structure of children by gender, 2011 Census, continued

Gender Age Gender Total Montenegrins Age Total Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Serbs Bosniaks Muslims Albanians Bosniaks Croats Albanians Roma Egyptians Croats Roma Does Egyptians not Others Does not Others want to want to declare declare 3,835

0

1,659 3,835

826

1,659 137 826

450 137

211450 25

211 106

25 34 106

315

34 72

315

72

1

3,823

1

1,669 3,823

867

1,669 133 867

450 133

180450 27

180 103

27 33 103

296

33 65

296

65

2

3,771

2

1,611 3,771

911

1,611 140 911

427 140

182427 20

182 105

20 29 105

278

29 68

278

68

3

3,694

3

1,623 3,694

881

1,623 127 881

385 127

186385 18

186 95

18 30 95

287

30 62

287

62

4

3,466

4

1,482 3,466

847

1,482 117 847

397 117

176397 15

176 91

15 29 91

254

29 58

254

58

5

3,402

5

1,500 3,402

805

1,500 109 805

400 109

188400 16

188 94

16 25 94

234

25 31

234

31

6

3,512

6

1,513 3,512

908

1,513 124 908

383 124

179383 15

179 89

15 31 89

221

31 49

221

49

3,699

7

1,590 3,699

915

1,590 139 915

434 139

194434 22

194 91

22 29 91

234

29 51

234

51

3,855

8

1,679 3,855

955

1,679 147 955

434 147

194434 16

194 92

16 26 92

262

26 50

262

50

3,946

9

1,733 3,946

968

1,733 163 968

474 163

205474 17

205 70

17 30 70

227

30 59

227

59

10

4,019

10

1,778 4,019

1,017

1,778 142 1,017

441 142

214441 30

214 97

30 27 97

224

27 49

224

49

11

3,828

11

1,682 3,828

962

1,682 136 962

398 136

236398 17

236 75

17 29 75

233

29 60

233

60

12

3,994

12

1,765 3,994

1,029

1,765 157 1,029

415 157

227415 13

227 91

13 28 91

218

28 51

218

51

13

4,039

13

1,779 4,039

1,047

1,779 165 1,047

402 165

224402 21

224 78

21 18 78

236

18 69

236

69

14

4,102

14

1,831 4,102

1,062

1,831 155 1,062

430 155

240430 20

240 65

20 25 65

223

25 51

223

51

15

4,372

15

4,372 1,961

1,124

1,961 169 1,124

431 169

257431 16

75 257

16 31 75

244

31 64

244

64

16

4,276

16

4,276 1,863

1,144

1,863 156 1,144

456 156

226456 24

82 226

24 23 82

229

23 73

229

73

17

4,126

17

4,126 1,809

1,100

1,809 151 1,100

452 151

227452 15

66 227

15 24 66

235

24 47

235

47

7 8 9

Female

Female 114

0

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

115

Table 19: Children by mother tongue and ethnicity, 2011 Census

Table 20: Children by religion/confession and ethnicity, 2011 Census Religion

Mother tongue

Ethnicity Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Bosniaks Albanians Croats Roma Egyptians Does not want to declare Others

Does not want to Total Montenegrin Serbian Bosnian Albanian Croatian Roma declare Other 63,372 36,541 5,354 15,950 7,763 706 3,250 1,082 8,862 2,246

44,615 14,677 458 35,633 225 4,674 56 4,987 42 416 24 310 136 184 39 46

8 4 139 9,739 56 -

109 2 82 9 7,178 277 983

2,257 900

14 42

38 110

807 440

3 29 8 1 263 - 2,629 3 3 2

Ethnicity

2,065 1,866 144 300 33 163 119 1,040 56 14 77 32 17 7 9 2

5 25

5,412 40

Total Adventist Agnostic Atheist Buddhist Christian

Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Bosniaks Albanians Croats Roma Egyptians Does not want to declare Others

326 687

Jehovah’s Islam witness Cathol

63,372 36,541 5,354 15,950 7,763 706 3,250 1,082

40 1 2 -

28 2 -

584 34 6 3 2 14 -

4 -

144 43 11 2

1,616 1 4,816 15,218 4,573 1,674 573

11 1 5 -

1,13

8,862 2,246

8 243

-

14 23

5

9 30

155 269

3 1

12 18

1,97 66

Religion Religion

Religion

Does not

Ethnicity Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Bosniaks Albanians Croats Roma Egyptians Does not want to declare Others

116

Jehovah’s Jehovah’s want to Ethnicity Islam witness Total Adventist Islam witness Catholic Total Adventist Agnostic Atheist Buddhist Christian declareBuddhist Catholic Agnostic Muslim Atheist Other Christian Orthodox Protestant

63,372 36,541 5,354 15,950 7,763 706 3,250 1,082

40 1 2 -

28 2 -

584 34 6 3 2 14 -

8,862 2,246

8 243

-

14 23

4 -

144 1,616 Montenegrins 1 Serbs43 - 4,816 Muslims - 15,218 Bosniaks 11 4,573 Albanians CroatsRoma - 1,674 Egyptians 2 573 Does not want - to declare 9 155 5 Others 30 269

63,372 11 36,541 5,354 15,950 7,7631 706 3,2505 1,082 -

40 1,139 31 --1,9732 6672--

28 1,480 42 497 706 1,175 -968 493 -

584 919 3442 621 33 213 1413 56 -5

5834 27113201152606-

144 56,817 43 36,136 111 2 52672-

1,616 1 4,816 15,218 4,573 1,674 573

8,8623 2,2461

1258 187 243

96 111 -

3,783 14 2342

33745

4,6369 1,254 30

155 269

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

7 11 4 - 1 2 - 5 3 7

3 1

117

1,139 3 1,973 667 2 125 187

Table 21: Children by ability to use computer and ethnicity, 2011 Census

Table 22: Children by marital status and ethnicity, 2011 Census

Marital status

Computer literacy

Able to use computer applications

Partly able to use computer applications

11,492

8,730

2,225

365

172

7,343

5,238

1,618

363

124

Muslims

935

542

271

100

22

Bosniaks

2,684

1,453

856

289

86

Albanians

1,470

786

559

77

48

Croats

137

112

22

1

2

Roma

439

30

105

274

30

Egyptians

162

18

36

104

4

1,336

967

291

59

19

377

257

70

29

21

Ethnicity Montenegrins Serbs

Does not want to declare Others

118

Total

No data

Never married

5,859 3,975 459 1,345 760 82 216 84

3 4 1 2 -

5,824 3,944 455 1,338 754 82 199 83

32 27 3 7 6 15 1

-

-

628 193

1 -

625 191

2 2

-

-

Montenegrins Female 5,633 Serbs 3,368 Muslims 476 Bosniaks 1,339 Albanians 710 Croats 55 Roma 223 Egyptians 78 Does not want to declare 708 Others 184

4 3 1 4 2 5 1

5,572 3,320 465 1,286 694 54 185 69

56 42 10 48 13 1 30 8

1 2 1 1 3 -

1 -

1 0

703 181

4 3

-

-

Nationality

Persons not able to use computer applications

No reply

Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Bosniaks Albanians Croats Roma Egyptians Does not want to declare Others

Gender Total Male

Married Divorced Widowed

ETHNIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

119

Table 23: Children by ethnicity and knowledge of foreign language, 2011 Census

Foreign language that children understand, write and read Nationality Montenegrins Serbs Muslims Bosniaks Albanians Croats Roma Egyptians Does not want to declare Others

120

Total English

Russian

14,401 8,247 766 1,964 1,115 173 60 21

8,767 5,187 496 1,320 734 122 23 8

1,589 389

989 250

1,686 1,180 99 288 19 1 5 1

French 953 521 44 174 34 4 3 2

Italian 2,555 957 71 43 103 41 7 -

German 440 402 56 139 225 5 22 10

194 33

111 22

251 60

44 24