Road Safety Survey in Montenegro - UNICEF, 2010

Road Safety Survey in Montenegro June 2010 For:

June 2010

Nobody’s Unpredictable

Citizens of Montenegro generally evaluate road traffic safety in their country with a medium grade. 58% say that they are personally worried because of road traffic safety, and more than 90% say that they feel jeopardized in road traffic at least sometimes.

Majority of citizens think that participants in traffic themselves are responsible for road traffic safety, but that the state has to be active as well: stricter laws are necessary, as well as better control.

One of the most striking findings is the discrepancy between the number of respondents who report violation of regulations and far smaller number of those who claim to have been sanctioned for that.  Only one percentage of citizens is sanctioned for violating regulations about driving children, in spite of widespread mistaken beliefs and practice. Only 6% of drivers are sanctioned for using their mobile phone while driving, opposite to 76% of those who admit having used their phone during driving. While 42% of drivers admit that it happens to them to drink and drive, only 8% were sanctioned for that. 14% of citizens report to have been sanctioned for not fastening safety belt, and 12% for overtaking.

In general, citizens of Montenegro know the basic traffic regulations and facts about traffic, although their knowledge may be characterized as general and superficial. Citizens are able to list many rules (for example when overtaking is forbidden), as well as to recognize correct actions (for example if a child should sit in the front or the rear seat).

However, only between 10 and 30 % of drivers know the correct legally stipulated limitation of speed on various roads. Additionally, only between 20 and 40 % of citizens are informed about age of children that specific rules refer to.

Citizens mainly have positive attitude towards adhering to traffic laws and regulations. Even 92% of citizens think that drinking and driving is dangerous. 74% think that mobile phone shouldn’t be used during driving, and more than two thirds of citizens think that safety belt protects from injuries.

Š 2009 Ipsos

Summary

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Road safety survey

However, it often happens that citizens show their positive attitude towards some regulation and that further analysis show their attitude is inconsistent. Impression is created that citizens have one set of attitudes that they adhere to in general, and another when the are involved.  For example, although 88% of citizens think that children’s safety seats are efficient and that they contribute to safety, approximately one third of parents don’t use them, since they think that they don’t need them, that they drive carefully or that it is safer to hold the child in their lap.

Also, 73% of drivers think that using a phone while driving is dangerous, while 64% say that it is not a problem for them.

Between one forth and one third of citizens have openly negative attitude towards traffic regulations, for example they think that fastening a safety belt is unnecessary or uncomfortable or that high speed should be allowed because dangerous are those who drive too slowly.

Impression is created that the key problem is behavior – large number of citizens admit, however socially undesirable that response may be, that they at least sometimes don’t obey the rules. This information needs to be compared with information from other sources.

It seems that the most frequently violated ban is that for using mobile phone while driving (76%), driving over the speed limit (60%) or not allowed overtaking, as well as fastening seat belt (60%). 42% of drivers admit that they drink and drive at least sometimes, and one fourth passes through the red light.

There is a noticeable discrepancy between at least general knowledge about the regulations and positive attitude on one, and violating regulations on the other side. Citizens are aware of the danger and they know what they should do, but they still don’t do that. Some explanation may be the effect of irrational belief about personal inviolability (accidents happen to others, i drive carefully and it is enough etc.).

© 2009 Ipsos

Summary

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Road safety survey

Particularly illustrative is citizens’ attitude towards traffic accidents – the largest number of citizens who have a traffic accident say that they have changed their behavior and that they are more careful now.

However, while one third of them have not changed behavior, which means that even personal experience is sometimes not enough to root out some habits. Additionally, one half of those whose close ones had a traffic accident did not learn on someone else’s example and did not start to be any more careful in traffic.

Another important factor that influences drivers’ behavior is perception of behavior of other people and kind of informal social norms – perception of which rules to obey and which not. Closely connected with this is mistrust in penal policy – citizens think that it is corrupt and that same rules don't apply to all. For example, 70% of citizens think that at least sometimes a policeman stops a person who violates some regulation and doesn’t apply the stipulated sanction.

Observed in general, it seems that drivers who drive every day, men and young people have more casual attitude towards obeying traffic rules.

On the other side, women, older citizens and those who drive occasionally have the most positive attitude towards adhering to regulations and they adhere to them to a larger extent.

Additionally, it seems that there are also regional differences in terms of obeying rules and population of coastal area seems to obey them most.

Not enough attention is paid to road traffic safety in the media in Montenegro, or this issue is presented in a way that cannot make the audience interested. Majority of citizens say that they are not interested in obtaining more information about this topic.

TV is certainly the dominant source of information for the citizens, observed in general, as well as for information about road traffic safety. Significant source of information are also daily newspapers, but also contact with close ones. For young and educated, Internet is an important channel.

© 2009 Ipsos

Summary

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Road safety survey

METHODOLOGY • Sample universe: Drivers and other participants the traffic in Montenegro (Citizens with and without driving license); • Sampling frame: 2003 Census figures and estimated population dynamics • Type of sample: Three stage random representative stratified sample of drivers and non drivers • Planed sample size: 1000 in total: Sample size of 1000 citizens is planed to be randomly selected with overrepresentation of drivers: 800 citizens with driving license and 200 without driving license will be interviewed. The main aim of this procedure is to enable the enough sample size for analysis of disaggregated data on drivers (analysis by gender, age and other characteristics of drivers). Both samples (of drivers and non drivers) will be selected so that the distribution by region, age, education and type of settlement respect the distribution in the universe.

• Realized sample size: 1023 (822 drivers) • Sampling error: Marginal error for n=1000 (95% confidence interval) +/-3.1% • Number of sampling points: 100 (10 interviews per sampling point)

© 2009 Ipsos

• Method of data collection: Face to face in respondent's household.

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Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

INTRODUCTORY

6

Road safety survey

Which means of transport do you mainly use every day?

Base: Total target population

67%

Car

78% 11%

Bus

Taxi

Bicycle

9%

Gender

Male

1%

9% 5% 2% 1% 6% 54%

Female

14% 14%

Car

0% 0%

Bus

17% Motorcycle

1%

Taxi

89%

• Two thirds of general population (67%) uses car most frequently.

• One ninth of citizens most frequently use the bus (11%), and one ninth a taxi (9%). One out of ten citizens (11%) do not use any transport.

• Male citizens use car to a higher extent in contrast to female citizens who use taxi or go by foot to a higher extent.

• For drivers an absolutely dominant vehicle is car (89%). Non-drivers are divided into 1/4 of those who usually use car, 1/4 who use bus, 1/4 of who use taxi and 1/4 who go by foot.

Nondrivers

4% 2% 1% 1% 3%

Bicycle

Motorcycle

24% 25% 24% 1% 0%

I don`t use any means of transport every day, I w alk © 2009 Ipsos

Drivers

11%

Driving

I don`t use any means of transport every day, I walk

26%

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Road safety survey

Does your household have a car?

Base: Total target population

No 20%

97% Drivers 3%

Yes No

48% Non-drivers 52%

• Eight out of ten households (80%) in general population possess a car.

• One half of non-drivers (52%) do not have a car in the household, while the same holds true for just 3% of drivers.

© 2009 Ipsos

Yes 80%

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Road safety survey

Do you have a driving license and for which category of vehicle?

65%

Yes, for vehicle of C category

Male Female 18 - 29

14%

Yes, for vehicle of A category

Age

30 - 44 4%

45 - 54 55+

No

2%

Elementary or less

35%

Education

Yes, for vehicle of D category

Secondary

Two thirds of general population (65%) possesses driving license.

• A total of 99% of drivers have a driving license for B category. 21% have a driving license for C category, while significantly lower percentage of drivers have a driving license for vehicles of A category (5%) and D category (4%).

• More than one half of female citizens (54%) do not have a driving license, as well as significantly lower percentage of male citizens (16%).

• Percentage of citizens who have a driving license is lower in segment aged 55+ years, and among those with the lowest education.

Driving

Higher or University Drivers Non-drivers

83% 26% 5% 16% 45% 1% 1% 54% 64% 11% 3% 36% 75% 17% 4% 24% 61% 13% 3% 38% 53% 13% 4% 46% 50% 14% 2% 49% 68% 15% 4% 32% 70% 10% 2% 29% 99% 21% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

Yes, for vehicle of B category

Yes, for vehicle of C category

Yes, for vehicle of A category

No

© 2009 Ipsos

Yes, for vehicle of B category

Gender

Multiple answers; Base: Total target population

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Road safety survey

How many years ago did you pass the driving test?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

22% 31% 22% 25%

Up to 5 years ago 26%

Female

18 - 29

18% 12%

18% 29%

Age

•

9% 15% 30%

One fourth of drivers (26%) have 5 or les years of driving experience. Circa one third of drivers have from 5 to 15, and the remaining 42% more than 16 years of driving experience.

The least experienced drivers are more present among female drivers and those from northern part of the country.

Region

55+

6 -15 years ago 32%

•

0% 45 - 54

63%

37%

0% 0%

30 - 44

16 - 25 years ago 21%

33% 37%

53%

47%

0% 3% 8%

89%

Central

24% 35% 18% 24%

Coast

29% 25% 23% 23%

North

27% 36% 24% 13%

Up to 5 years ago

6 -15 years ago

16 - 25 years ago

Over 25 years ago

© 2009 Ipsos

Over 25 years ago 21%

Gender

Male

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Road safety survey

How often do you drive a car?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

How often do you drive a car?

71%

Several times a week

14%

Every day

2%

Several times a week

3%

Once a week

4%

Once a week

2%

Several times a month

4%

Several times a month

2%

Once a month

2%

Several times a year

2%

Once a year

1%

Once a month

1%

Several times a year

Once a year

3%

1%

Less than once a year

2%

Less than once a year

Never

1%

Never

Majority of drivers (71%) drive car on daily basis.

Another 14% drive car several times a week, and significantly smaller percentage just once a week (4%), several times a month (4%) or less frequently.

4%

83%

Majority of drivers (83%) do not drive a motorcycle. Only 2% of drivers drive a motorcycle every day, 3% several times a week, and 2% once a week.

Š 2009 Ipsos

Every day

How often do you drive a motorcycle?

11

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

USE OF SEAT SAFETY BELTS

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Road safety survey

In your opinion, how likely is it that seat belt would save someone's life in case of car accident?

Base: Total target population Sum +

30%

Rather likely

Sum +

Female

75%

6%

Sum -

Central

Coast 5%

Little likely

2%

75% of general population think that it is very likely or rather likely that seat belt would save someone's life in case of car accident. 6% think that it is little likely or completely unlikely.

• Non-drivers, female citizens and those from coastal region have somewhat more confidence in safety belts.

• According to assessment of this probability the group of drivers doesn't differ significantly from general population.

•Drivers with the highest level of education evaluate efficiency of the seat belts somewhat more positively .

Road safety survey

North

0%

Driving

DK-Ref

72% 7% 78% 4%

18%

Region

Fairly likely

Male

Drivers

Non-drivers

74% 8% 79% 3% 74% 4% 74% 6% 77% 5%

© 2009 Ipsos

Gender

45%

Very likely

Completely unlikely

Sum -

13

Observed in general, how regularly do the people use seat belts when they drive a car?

Base: Total target population

They don't use it at all

14%

They mainly do not use it

37%

Sum -

51%

They use it some times

30%

Sum +

•

It is interesting that assessment of regularity of use of seat belts is significantly higher among occasional drivers than among everyday drivers.

18%

They mainly use it

6%

1%

Š 2009 Ipsos

12%

They use it always

Missing

One half of population (51%) think that people generally do not fasten their seat belts when they drive a car. 30% think that they use the belts occasionally, while 18% think that they mainly or always use the seat belts.

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Road safety survey

How often do you use the seat belt while driving a car?

Base: Total target population

When you sit on front seat

33

When you drive a car

When you sit on back seat (in the car which has seat belts for back seats)

use seat belt

42

15

70

37

10

• Although population generally has positive attitudes towards efficiency of the seat belts, it is observable that these attitudes do not have a consequent impact on behavior.

• When they sit on the front seat as passengers, male citizens, drivers and those from central part of the country fasten the seat belt less frequently.

doesn’t use seat belt

When you drive a car

24

When you sit on front seat

When you sit on back seat (in the car which has seat belts for back seats)

use seat belt

56

38

75

41

10

• As much as 1/4 of the drivers (24%) state that they generally use the seat belt when they drive a car. 56% of drivers state that they always or almost always fasten the seat belt while driving.

© 2009 Ipsos

doesn’t use seat belt

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

15

Road safety survey

How often do you use the seat belt while driving a car? – use seat belt - ( 4 + 5 ) Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

100.01200 eur Over 200 eur

Region

Central Coast

10%

8%

Driving experience Driving frequency

Other

40% 30% 69% 61%

6% 16% 9% 14%

16 - 25 years ago

Every day

50% 41%

11%

6 -15 years ago

Over 25 years ago

59% 49%

10%

North Up to 5 years ago

41% 37%

13%

76%

42% 44% 36% 36%

63%

• The lowest percentage of drivers who regularly fasten the seat belt is recorded among the citizens with the lowest income and those from central part of the country.

• Drivers who occasionally drive a car fasten the set belts more regularly, as well as the drivers from coastal and northern part of the country.

• Drivers with the smallest experience fasten the seat belt more regularly, while as much as 34% of drivers with 25+ years of driving experience state that they rarely or never use the seat belt .

54% 56% When you drive a car

52% 48%

1%

When you sit on front seat

9% 12%

34%

51% 71% 58%

When you sit on back seat (in the car w hich has seat belts for back seats)

© 2009 Ipsos

Income

Up to 100 eur

16

Road safety survey

Did you fasten your seat belt the last time when you were driving a car?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

Yes 46%

• When the drivers are asked whether they fastened the seat belt the last time when they were driving a car, 46% of them state that they fastened the seat belt, while 54% state not to have fastened their seat belt. • It is necessary to observe the difference in comparison with 56% of drivers who state that they generally fasten the seat belt when they drive a car (questions about concrete behavior might provide a better insight into the real situation).

Š 2009 Ipsos

No 54%

17

Road safety survey

Did you fasten your seat belt the last time when you were driven in a car, sitting in the front seat?

Base: Total target population

I never sit in front seat/ I am never driven in a car 3%

Yes

No

I never sit in front seat/ I am never driven in a car 36%

18 - 29

60%

4% 37%

Age

30 - 44

61%

2% 40%

45 - 54 Yes 40%

55+

55%

5%

51% 46%

4% 34%

Central

67%

Region

No 57%

61%

5%

Coast

29%

4%

30% 70%

0%

•40% of citizens state that the last time when they fastened their seat belt was when they were driven in a car, sitting on front seat, while 57% claim not to have fastened it. • Again, the oldest citizens, as well as those from coastal region are the leaders in fastening the seat belts, according to their own statements .

Driving

40% Drivers

Non-drivers

60%

0% 40% 10%

50%

Š 2009 Ipsos

North

18

Road safety survey

To what extent you agree with the following statements?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

Disagree ( 1 + 2 ) Fastening of seat belt reduces the risk from serious injuries in case of crash.

13

It is necessary to fasten a seat belt in long-distance traffic, while it is completely unnecessary to do so within urban areas.

45

Fastening the seat belt is not comfortable both for the driver and for other passengers.

Fastening of seat belt is not necessary in case of short drives.

If the driver is careful, there is no need to fasten the seat belts.

In case that the crash occurs, it is better that the seat belt is not fastened, because it can lead to internal injuries and bleeding.

•

Agree ( 4 + 5 )

41

48

62

66

Fastening of seat belt reduces the risk from serious injuries in case of crash.

27

It is necessary to fasten a seat belt in long-distance traffic, while it is completely unnecessary to do so within urban areas.

26

Fastening the seat belt is not comfortable both for the driver and for other passengers.

25

Fastening of seat belt is not necessary in case of short drives.

18

44

Disagree ( 1 + 2 )

15

If the driver is careful, there is no need to fasten the seat belts.

In case that the crash occurs, it is better that the seat belt is not fastened, because it can lead to internal injuries and bleeding.

Agree ( 4 + 5 )

18

64

42

35

45

61

31

30

28

20

44

15

Attitudes toward the use of seat belts are mainly positive: Majority of citizens think that Fastening of seat belt reduces the risk from serious injuries in case of crash and that seat belt is necessary in case of short drives and city driving. On the other hand, majority of citizens reject an argument that, If the driver is careful, there is no need to fasten the seat belts , that it is uncomfortable, and in some situations unnecessary .

Š 2009 Ipsos

Base: Total target population

19

Road safety survey

To what extent you agree with the following statements? – Agree (4+5) Base: Total target population

Income

Male

Female

24% 24% 22% 12% 12% 32% 30% 30% 22% 18%

Driving

Region

Central

Coast

15% 32% 19% 17% 10%

North

25% 16% 20% 11% 13%

Drivers

31% 30% 28% 20% 15%

Nondrivers

19% 19% 19% 13% 14%

Road safety survey

63%

Fastening of seat belt reduces the risk from serious injuries in case of crash.

69% It is necessary to fasten a seat belt in long-distance traffic, while it is completely unnecessary to do so within urban areas.

62%

•

It is obvious that drivers, male citizens, and citizens from central and northern parts of the country have a more tolerant attitude towards driving without the seat belts, they think that it is uncomfortable, and in some situations unnecessary. .

Fastening the seat belt is not 81% comfortable both for the driver and for other passengers.

61% Fastening of seat belt is not necessary in case of short drives.

64%

68%

If the driver is careful, there is no need to fasten the seat belts.

Š 2009 Ipsos

29% 29% 28% 23% 17%

In case that the crash occurs, it is better that the

20

Were you ever fined during the past 3 years for not fastening the seat belt, either as a driver or passenger?

Base: Total target population Yes, several times

Yes, once 11%

Central No 85% Region

Coast

Rural

Drivers Driving

17% 1% 5% 2% 7% 1% 8% 5%

North

Urban

• Contrary to irregular use of seat belts are the data about penalties: only 11% of the citizens claim to have been fined once, while another 3% state to have been fined several times because they didn't fasten the seat belt..

• According to their own admittance, higher percentage of male drivers, and citizens from northern and rural parts of the country were fined.

• Significantly higher percentage of drivers claim to have been fined once (17% once, and 4% several times), as well as only 1% of nondrivers. When the drivers are concerned, female drivers, the oldest segment and the highest educated were fined to a lesser extent.

5%

Male

Female

Nondrivers

Yes, once

21% 3% 8% 2% 17% 4% 17% 1% 1%

© 2009 Ipsos

Yes, several times 3%

Gender

DK-Ref 1%

21

Road safety survey

Which of the following statements best reflects your attitude towards fines for not fastening the seat belt?

DK-Ref 3%

I am not concerned at all, no one was fined for that 6%

Base: Total target population

7% 31% 23%

Male Gender

I think that the seat belt should be fastened regardless of fine.

43%

I fasten the seat belt when I see a policeman in vicinity 26%

37% I am not concerned at all, no one was fined for that

1% 5% 19%

I fasten the seat belt when I see a policeman in vicinity

21%

Female

50% 5%

I prefer to fasten the seat belt than to pay a fee.

22%

I prefer to fasten the seat belt than to pay a fee.

6% 31% 24%

Drivers

38% Driving

I think that the seat belt should be fastened regardless of fine.

1% DK-Ref

8% 15% Nondrivers

18% 54%

© 2009 Ipsos

• When attitudes towards fines for not fastening the seat belt are concerned the bulk of population (43%) thinks that the seat belt should be fastened regardless of fine .

• For 22% of the citizens the very possibility to be fined is a sufficient stimulus for fastening the seat belt. For 26% this is not a sufficient stimulus, but they fasten the seat belt when they see a traffic policeman in vicinity.

• 6% admit that they are not concerned at all because they think that possibility of being fine is negligible.

• It seems that male citizens and drivers are more sensitive to fines – among them there is a lower percentage of those who think the seat belt should be fastened regardless of fine, and higher percentage of those who fasten the seat belt when they see a policeman in vicinity. The same holds true for citizens and drivers from northern parts of the country .

• The most principled in this regard are the oldest drivers as well as those from coastal region .

6%

22

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

DRIVING CHILDREN

23

Road safety survey

Does the law provide any special rules when it comes to driving children in a car?

Base: Total target population

Total

Drivers

Non-drivers

Drivers:

71% 78

Yes

Up to 5 years ago

6 -15 years ago

16 - 25 years ago

Over 25 years ago

58

79

Yes

6% No

65%

88

6

82

5

7% 7 No

23% I am not informed about that

16

3 8

37

28% I am not informed about that

13 10

• Majority of the citizens (71%) are aware of the fact that law provides special rules when it comes to driving children in a car. • Non-drivers, the youngest drivers and those with the smallest experience are the least familiar with this fact.

Š 2009 Ipsos

9

24

Road safety survey

Which measures are in question?

Multiple answers; Base: Total target population - those who said that the law provide any special rules when it comes to driving children in a car (71% of target population)

Children should be sitting at the back

69%

Special child safety seat

49%

Fastening seat belt

56%

21%

Measures relative to child's age

Drivers

9%

12%

5%

They shouldn't sit at the stirring wheel, in driver's lap

2%

An adult to sit with a child

1%

Locking doors and windows

1%

22%

7% Special child safety seat 86% 32%

They shouldn't sit in their parents' lap

1%

To reduce speed

1%

0%

Other

1%

1%

Nondrivers

18%

Fastening seat belt

Measures relative to child's age Children under 12 years of age should be sitting at the back

5%

• Concrete measures that the citizens are aware of are: having the children seated on back seat (69%),use of special seat for children (49%), as well as having the children fastened with seat belts (21%). • Drivers are more familiar with child safety seats, although it is apparent that they are not more aware of rules than non-drivers.

Š 2009 Ipsos

DK-Ref

Children should be sitting at the back

Drivers

Children under 12 years of age should be sitting at the back

62%

25

Road safety survey

In your opinion, what is the safest way to drive children in car?

Base: Total target population

A child should sit on the front seat OR A child should sit on the back seat

DK-Ref 2%

A child should sit on the front seat 4%

A child should have a seat belt fastened OR A child does not need a seat belt fastened

A child does not need a seat belt fastened 17%

DK-Ref 3%

A child should have a seat belt fastened 80%

When citizens are asked concrete questions regarding driving of children in form of compulsory choice, majority of them choose a correct option..

Š 2009 Ipsos

A child should sit on the back seat 94%

26

Road safety survey

In your opinion, what is the safest way to drive children in car?

Base: Total target population

Small children should be held in hands OR A small child should sit in child safety seat

Elementary or less

12%

6%

Secondary Higher or University

5%

A small child should sit in child safety seat 89%

Income

Up to 100 eur

12%

100.01200 eur

5%

Over 200 eur

6%

5%

Region

Central

Coast

3%

12%

• Citizens with the lowest education, those with the lowest income, and those from northern parts of the country are convinced to a higher extent that a child should be held in hands.

Settlement type

North

Urban

Rural

5%

10%

Š 2009 Ipsos

Education

DK-Ref 4%

Small children should be held in hands 7%

Small child should be held in hands:

27

Road safety survey

How often do parents keep a small child in their lap while riding in the front seat?

Base: Total target population

…while sitting in the front seat? it never happens

3%

2

2

6%

Sum -

Sum +

70%

DK-Ref

44%

1%

25%

Sum +

41%

4

26%

it happens very frequently

33%

3

21%

4

25%

Sum -

8%

3

8%

18%

it happens very frequently

DK-Ref

24%

1%

• 70% of citizens think that it often happens that parents hold their small child in their lap while they sit in front passenger seat.

• 41% of citizens state that it often happens that the parents hold a small child in their lap while they drive a car.

© 2009 Ipsos

it never happens

…while driving?

28

Road safety survey

How dangerous for the child do you consider this practice?

Base: Total target population

‌while sitting in the front seat?

‌while driving?

not dangerous at all

3%

not dangerous at all

3%

2

3%

2

3%

5%

3

14%

Sum +

79%

4

Sum -

6%

3

5%

Sum +

62%

12%

Very dangerous

DK-Ref

DK-Ref

88%

4

18%

Very dangerous

Average risk rating is 4.6.

76%

2%

2%

This practice is considered somewhat less risky among the citizens aged between 18 and 29 years, those with the lowest education, as well as the citizens from central part of the country and urban areas. The same holds true for the drivers with the smallest experience and occasional drivers .

Negative attitudes towards this practice are more pronounced among the drivers, particularly the ones who drive a car every day, as well as among 55+ drivers.

Š 2009 Ipsos

Sum -

Average risk rating on the scale from 1 to 5 is 4.4, without significant differences between drivers and non-drivers.

29

Road safety survey

Child safety seats Base: Total target population

Among various elements of equipment for cars, are you familiar with special child safety seats?

How strongly do you believe that child safety seats can contribute safety of children in traffic? can not contribute at all

0%

2

1%

Sum -

1%

9 No 12.6 Drivers Total 3

10%

91 Sum +

Yes

88%

87.4 4

50

100

it can significantly contribute Don`t know

• 87% of population have heard about child safety seats .

• 9 out of 10 drivers (91%) are aware about child safety seats, and to a somewhat smaller extent the youngest drivers and those with the smallest experience are aware of that .

70%

1%

Majority of the citizens who have heard about child safety seats think that these seats contribute significantly to safety of children in traffic (88%). Average efficiency rating on the scale from 1 to 5 is 4. 6.

• There are no significant differences between drivers and non-drivers .

© 2009 Ipsos

0

18%

30

Road safety survey

Until which age should a child be driven in child safety seat?

Base: Total target population - those who are familiar with special child safety seats (87% of target population)

21% Up to 3 years 21 23% 4 years 21 27% 5 years 29 16%

Total Drivers

6-7 years 15 6% 8+ years 6 7% DK-Ref

•

21% of the citizens who have heard about child safety seats think that they are intended for children up to 3 years of age. Majority of the citizens think that they are intended also for older children (average mentioned age is 5 years) •

The drivers are not more aware of the rules than non-drivers. The least informed are the drivers aged 55+, and those with 25+ years of driving experience .

Š 2009 Ipsos

7

31

Road safety survey

Child seat usage Base: Divers - those who are familiar with special child safety seats (60% of target population)

Have you ever used, or do you now use child safety seats in your car?

Total

Has children in HH

How often do/did do you use these child safety seats?

Does not have children in HH

DK-Ref 2%

Very rarely 5% Sometimes 19%

82 60

No

71.1

18 Yes

40 We use/d them regularly 74%

28.9

0

50

100

It is particularly important that majority of drivers who have children (60%) do not or have never used these safety seats.

18% of drivers who do not have children state that they use, or have used these child safety seats.

Child safety seats are used to a higher extent by female drivers and highly educated drivers 74% of drivers who have used (or use) child safety seats do/have done it regularly, 19% occasionally, and 5% very rarely Road safety survey

Š 2009 Ipsos

Despite these positive attitudes towards child safety seats just 29% of drivers who are aware of them claim that they either use or have used them.

32

Why don't/didn’t you use the child safety seats?

Drivers with children in HH I don't have children / don't drive children / don't have a

54%

36% They are very expensive, so I can't afford them

22%

33% I drive carefully when children are in car, so I don't use t

16%

20% I think that it is safer to hold the child in lap

5%

7%

Yes I don't want to restrain the child

1%

The child safety seats do not 0% contribute to safety of childr

Other reason

I don't have children / don't drive children / don't have a They are very expensive, so I can't afford them I drive carefully when children are in car, so I don't use t I think that it is safer to hold the child in lap

1%

I don't want to restrain the child

1%

The child safety seats do not contribute to safety of childr Other reason

8%

2%

The most frequently mentioned reason why they don't use these seats are: high price (33%), conviction that careful driving makes these seats unnecessary (20%), as well as conviction that it is safer to hold the child in lap (7%)

Š 2009 Ipsos

9% DK-Ref

33

Road safety survey

Do you know until which age a child should not sit in front seat?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

DK-Ref 9%

Less then 10 years 19%

Over 12 years 14%

10 - 11 years 20%

• 38% of drivers are aware of the fact that age limit before which a child must not sit in front seat is 12 years .

• 40% of the citizens think that this limit is lower and 14% that it is higher .

© 2009 Ipsos

12 years 38%

34

Road safety survey

Which safety measures do you yourself employ when you drive a child up to 12 years of age?

Multiple answers; Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

41%

The child sits in back seat

53

I don't have a child younger than 12 years of age

38% 21 22%

We lock doors and windows

30 15% 20

An adult person sits beside the child

11%

The child sits in child safety seat

19 11% 12

I fasten the seat belt for the child

We don't drive the child in car / we don't have a car We don't employ any safety measures, the child can take care DK-Ref

5% 9 3% 2 1% 1 6% 4

Total

With children in HH

• Safety measures which citizens employ when they drive a child up to 12 years of age: majority of drivers (41%) state that the child is seated in the back seat. 22% state that they lock doors and windows, and 15% state that an adult person sits beside the child. • Higher percentage of the drivers who have children employ each of the mentioned measures. However, 9%, state that they hold the child in their lap.

Š 2009 Ipsos

The child sits in the lap

35

Road safety survey

Were you sanctioned for improper child ride in the car/motorcycle during the past three years?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

Yes, several times 0% Yes, once DK-Ref 1% 3%

Percentage of fined citizens is in contrast with the widespread wrong convictions and practice: only 1% of the drivers claim to have been fined for irregular driving of children during the past 3 years, while 0.4% have been fined several times .

Š 2009 Ipsos

No 96%

36

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

USE OF MOBILE PHONE WHILE DRIVING A CAR

37

Road safety survey

How often do you find yourself in situation when you have to use mobile phone while driving a car?

Base: Drivers - those who have mobile phone (64% of target population)

Gender

36%

Once a day

10%

Several times a week

Male

7%

19%

Female 18 - 29

14%

Age

Once a week

Claiming that they never use mobile phone while driving:

30 - 44

30% 15% 18%

45 - 54

41%

Central

5%

Region

I never use the mobile phone while driving

55+

23%

• 97% of drivers possess mobile phone .

• Out of this percentage of drivers as much as 76% find themselves in situation when they have to make a call while driving the car (according to their own admission) .

• Majority of drivers make phone calls while driving on daily basis: 36% make calls several times a day, and another 10% once a day .

• Male citizens, younger citizens, drivers who drive a car every day, citizens from northern parts of the country and those from rural areas make calls while driving more frequently .

22%

Coast North

Settlement

Once a year

6%

36% 14%

Urban Rural

Every day Driving

Once a month

28%

Other

27% 16% 18% 36%

© 2009 Ipsos

Several times a day

38

Road safety survey

Making phone calls while driving Base: Drivers - those who have mobile phone (64% of target population)

How often do you MAKE A MOBILE PHONE CALL to someone while driving a car?

Several times a day

32%

Several times a week

Once a week

Once a month

Once a year

I never use the mobile phone while driving

Business calls

45%

13%

Arrangements with friends/relatives

9%

7%

32%

Urgent situations – when something unexpected happens

6%

14%

31%

Casual conversation with relatives/ friends

13%

19%

Seeking information about how to manage the road

6%

• Almost a half of the citizens daily make phone calls while driving (32% do it several times a day) while 19% claim that they never do that .

• Most frequently mentioned reason for making the calls is Business call (45%), making arrangements with friends and relatives (32%) and unexpected situations (31%) .

• As much as 13% of drivers who use mobile phone while driving admit that they have casual chatting with friends or family .

• Drivers who occasionally drive a car make sure that they telephone while driving only in urgent situations, or in order to find road assistance service .

© 2009 Ipsos

Once a day

What are the most frequent reasons why you MAKE A MOBILE PHONE CALL while driving a car?

39

Road safety survey

Sanctioning Base: Drivers - those who have mobile phone (64% of target population)

Do you use accessories that enable talking without taking hands off the stirring wheel (earphones, Bluetooth, hands free...)?

DK-Ref 8%

Yes 9%

Were you sanctioned for using mobile phone while driving during the past three years?

DK-Ref 5%

Yes, several times Yes, once 1% 5%

No 89%

• Only 9% of the drivers who have mobile phone use some kind of device which makes possible for them to keep hands on steering wheel while driving a car (handsfree, bluetooth, earphones).

• Despite considerable percentage of the drivers who make phone calls while driving, just 5% claim to have been fined for this once during the past 3 years, and 1% several times.

© 2009 Ipsos

No 83%

40

Road safety survey

To what extent does mobile phone distract you personally while you are driving a car (if at all)?

Base: Drivers - those who have mobile phone (64% of target population)

A little, but I manage to keep attention

37%

64%

35% 55% 32%

100.01-200 eur Over 200 eur

Sum +

56%

Female Up to 100 eur

Income

Sum -

67% 26%

58% 34% 66% 26%

Partly

15%

Region

Central

67% 59%

Coast

35% 61% 35%

14%

7%

Driving

Fully

Every day Other

Sum +

23%

North

DK-Ref

Sum -

29%

73% 21% 38% 49%

• 64% of drivers who have a mobile phone think that it doesn't hinder them considerably while they drive a car (27% of whom claim that it doesn't obstruct them at all).

• 15% state that mobile phone partly obstructs them, and 14% that it obstructs them completely .

• By their opinion, mobile phone obstructs the least male drivers, those who drive car every day, citizens with higher income and those from central region .

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

27%

Gender

Not at all

Male

41

How often do you see drivers who use mobile phone while driving a car?

Base: Total target population

Almost never 1% Rarely 6%

DK-Ref 4%

Occasionally 27%

Majority of the citizens claim that they see every day the drivers who speak on mobile phone while driving (62%), and another 27% see them occasionally .

Š 2009 Ipsos

Every day or almost every day 62%

42

Road safety survey

All things considered, to what extent is the use of mobile phone dangerous while driving a car?

Base: Total target population

Sum -

Female 18 - 29

4% Age

2

2%

30 - 44

6%

3

Income

55+ 16%

4

21%

4%

69% 5%

Drivers Non-drivers

73%

1% 86% 6% 77%

8%

Coast

75%

10%

Central

53% Driving

DK-Ref

4%

8%

North very dangerous

73%

Over 200 eur

74% Region

Sum +

100.01-200 eur

8%

Sum Sum +

66% 67%

5%

70%

3% 89% 7%

73%

4% 76%

• 74% of general population consider driving-and-telephoning practice as a very dangerous or rather dangerous one.

6% think that this practice is not dangerous .

• Male citizens, the young, citizens with higher income, those from central region and urban areas consider the use of mobile phone while driving less risky • Drivers have a somewhat more positive attitudes towards use of mobile phone while driving, particularly the ones who belong to previously mentioned demographic categories.

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

not dangerous at all

Gender

Male

43

To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Talking on mobile phone while driving a car is not at all more dangerous than talking with other passengers in the car.

Base: Total target population don't agree at all

18 - 29

22%

2

47% 21% 48%

30 - 44

28%

Age

21%

Sum -

43%

3

34%

45 - 54

41%

22%

32% 38%

Sum +

31%

North

5%

Settlement type

17%

• 1/3 of citizens think that Talking on mobile phone while driving a car is not at all more dangerous than talking with other passengers in the car.

43% of citizens have oposite opinion .

• Driver’s attitudes are not difer significantly compared to attitudes of general population .

• People up to 30, from rural areas and Coast region in somewhat higher nmber think that it is more dangerous to speak with mobile phone .

Road safety survey

53%

Sum +

18%

13%

you completely agree

DK-Ref

Coast

Sum -

Urban

Rural

52% 29% 37% 33% 53% 27%

© 2009 Ipsos

4

Region

Central

44

© 2009 Ipsos

FAST DRIVING

45

Road safety survey

In your opinion, how much do the generally drivers abide by prescribed speed limitations on main/regional roads in Montenegro?

Base: Total target population

...main/regional roads in Montenegro?

3%

Always

5 31%

In majority of cases

41%

In majority of cases

45

30 35%

Sum +

44%

Sum +

48

34 27%

Sometimes

28%

Sometimes

27

31

32%

In small number of cases

30 4%

Never

28%

Sum -

24

In small number of cases

24% 20 4%

Never

4

4 1% 0

Total

Drivers

DK-Ref

1% 1

• Citizens have divided opinions on how much the drivers generally abide by prescribed speed limitations on highways and regional roads in Montenegro: 35% think that they mainly abide by prescribed speed limitations, while 36% have an opposite opinion .

• There are no differences between drivers and non-drivers in this regard .

• Somewhat higher percentage of the citizens (44%) think that speed limitations are abode by in towns, while 28% have opposite opinion .

• Somewhat higher percentage of drivers think that these speed limitations are respected, particularly the ones from coastal and northern regions and rural settlements .

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

36% 34

Sum -

DK-Ref

3

4%

Always

...in towns?

46

Are you perhaps familiar with the speed limits that are prescribed by law on the following types of roads (km/h)?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

In populated settlements

On roads for motor trafffic

On highways

Exact

Higher

52%

36%

DK

31%

14% 1%

78%

11% 5.9

23.8

9% 4% 8.4

• Only 31% of drivers are aware of the fact that current speed limitation in populated places is 50 km/h, 52% think that speed limitation is lower (mainly 40 km/h), and 11% that it is higher .

• Drivers with the lowest income and those from central region know about speed limitations the least .

• Even smaller percentage of drivers (14%) is aware of exact speed limitations for motor transport (100km/h). As much as 24% of drivers state that they know the answer, while others think that smaller speed is in question. Only 1% of drivers think that higher speed is in question .

•9% of drivers think that valid speed limitation on highways is 130 km/h. 79% of drivers think that speed limitation is higher, while the biggest percentage of drivers believe that speed limitation is 120 km/h. 4% think that speed limitation is lower .

•The youngest drivers who have recently obtained the drivers license are the most aware of this limitation, as well as citizens from the coastal region .

© 2009 Ipsos

Lower

47

Road safety survey

Are you perhaps familiar with the distance between vehicles stipulated by the law? - Driving in populated settlements (meters) Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

38% 36%

DK-Ref 10%

Central 12%

Less then 5 m 29%

Over 30 m 14%

2% Less then 5 m 27% Region

5.1-10 m 22% 10.1- 30 m

Coast 34%

Over 30 m 10% 10.1- 30 m 18%

14% 20% North 18% 38%

Š 2009 Ipsos

5.1-10 m 29%

48

Road safety survey

Main road driving (meters)?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

36%

DK-Ref 11%

46% Central 3%

Up to 10 m 31%

15%

32%

Region

Over 50 m 22%

Up to 10 m 10.1 - 50 m

22% Coast 39%

Over 50 m DK-Ref

7%

20% 27% North 44% 9%

Š 2009 Ipsos

10.1 - 50 m 36%

49

Road safety survey

What is your opinion about the current speed limitations stipulated by the law?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

DK-Ref, 6.4

Maximum allow ed speed should be low er, 12.8

Do you believe that, in comparison with other drivers you yourself drive...

Considerably slower

10%

Somewhat slower

29%

Sum -

40%

Equally fast

50%

Sum +

Limitations are adjusted to our conditions, 57

Maximum allow ed speed should be higher, 23.8

10%

Somewhat faster

9%

Considerably faster

1%

DK-Ref

1%

• 57% of drivers think that speed limitations are adequate for conditions in the country. 24% think that speed limitations should be less strict, in contrast to 13% who think that they should be stricter .

• Female and occasional drivers wish for stricter speed limitations .

• One half of the drivers think that they drive at equal speed as others. 40% of them think that they drive more slowly, and 10% that they drive faster than others .

• Female drivers, older, the least educated and occasional drivers perceive themselves as drivers who drive slower than others .

© 2009 Ipsos

What is your opinion about the current speed limitations stipulated by the law:

50

Road safety survey

Statistical data show that it happens to almost each driver to exceed the allowed speed occasionally. How often does it happen to you?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

15%

Male Gender 14%

Sometimes

47%

Sum -

40%

In small number of cases

Never

10% 51%

14%

33%

6 -15 years ago

14%

16 - 25 years ago

13%

Over 25 years ago

26%

16%

Up to 5 years ago

31%

Sum 39%

10% 62% 15%

Every day

Other

Sum +

33% 8% 56%

• Almost one half of the drivers (47%) admit that it occasionally happens to them to exceed speed limit. 14% admit that it happens to them frequently, while 40% claim that it happens to them rarely or never .

• According to their own confession, it happens more frequently to everyday drivers, male drivers, young and inexperienced drivers and those from northern region .

© 2009 Ipsos

Sum +

Female

34%

12%

Driving experience

In majority of cases

2%

Driving frequency

Always

51

Road safety survey

What is usually the reason why you exceed the speed limit?

48%

Others also exceed the speed limit, so it is becoming danger

13%

Too slow driving exhausts me

13%

If one drives a good car, it is not dangerous to drive fast

Other:

DK-Ref

Coast

14% 10% 5% 1%

North

Up to 5 years ago

6% Driving experience

I have good reflexes and a lot of experience

Central

4% 11% 6% 2%

2%

5%

12%

6% 3%

56%

44%

37% 29% 19%

11% 20% 5% 4%

6 -15 years ago

16% 13% 6% 1%

16 - 25 years ago

15% 14% 10% 2%

Over 25 years ago

10% 5% 2% 2%

I hurry up to reach some place

Others also exceed the speed limit, so it is becoming danger

45%

Too slow driving exhausts me

55% I have good reflexes and a lot of experience 47% If one drives a good car, it is not dangerous to drive fast 41%

• The main reason for exceeding the speed limit is the fact that the driver was in a hurry to arrive somewhere (48%).

• 13% of drivers, particularly the ones from rural areas and northern region express conviction that slow driving is dangerous because the others drive at high speed.

• Another 13% state that slow driving exhausts them, and the most impatient drivers are the least experiences and those from northern region .

• 6% of drivers have unlimited confidence in their reflexes and experience, so they think that it is not dangerous to drive fast .

© 2009 Ipsos

I hurry up to reach some place

Region

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

52

Road safety survey

How many times during the past 3 years were you stopped by traffic policeman because of exceeding the speed limit?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

Several times

Not a single time 52%

Once 28%

Were you sanctioned for exceeding the speed limit during the past three years?

Several times

Yes, once 27%

No 63%

• Nevertheless, significantly lower percentage of drivers were stopped because of fast driving during the past 3 years: 28% of drivers once, and 20% several times.

• Drivers who drive every day, male drivers, citizens from central region and those with the lowest income were stopped more frequently .

• If they were stopped several times, the drivers were most frequently stopped 2-3 times. One fourth of the drivers claim to have been stopped between 4 and 6 times, while 18% were stopped seven and more times.

• Somewhat higher percentage of drivers claim that they were fined compared to the number of those who were stopped: according to their own confession, 27% were fined once, while 10% were fined several times.

• 43% mention two fines, 20% three and 23% claim to have been fined four or more times.

© 2009 Ipsos

How many times during the past 3 years were you stopped by traffic policeman because of exceeding the speed limit?

53

Road safety survey

Which of the following statements best describes your attitude towards fines for speeding?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population) I want to reach my destination as soon as possible, so it doesn't matter if I occasionally pay a fine

Abiding by regulations regardless of fines

Chances for being fined are minimal, so I am not concerned about the fine

Gender

9%

20%

Male

23%

Female

It is always possible to strike a deal with traffic policeman not to write a fine

Region

15%

Central

43%

28%

46%

Coast I don't want to lose money on fines, so I abide by speed limits

26%

DK-Ref

30%

1%

• A total of 56% of drivers state that they abide by speed limitations, of which 30% do it regardless of fines, while 26% are motivated by unwillingness to lose money .

• One out of five drivers do not care about fines, because they think that chances to be fined are

6 -15 years ago 16 - 25 years ago Every day

Driving

minimal. Another 15% think that it is always possible to make a deal with traffic policeman in order to avoid the fine.

• 9% of drivers do not mind to pay fine occasionally, because it is the most important for them to arrive quickly where they need to arrive .

• Citizens from rural areas and northern region evaluate that they have the smallest chance to be caught.

• Female citizens, the oldest and the most experienced citizens, those from coastal region and occasional drivers abide by rule in more principled way (regardless of fine) .

Up to 5 years ago

Other

20%

28%

21%

27%

23%

46%

© 2009 Ipsos

I always abide by regulations, so there is no reason to be concerned about the fines

Driving experience

North

54

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

OVERTAKING

55

Road safety survey

What, in your opinion, could be considered as aggressive driving?

Multiple answers; Base: Total target population Too fast driving/ exceeding the speed limitation

52% 19%

Overtaking/ forbidden overtaking Driving under the influence of alcohol/ drugs

14% 9%

Disrespect of regulations/ traffic signs, signalization

9%

Rampage, crazy driving, unrestraint

9%

Passing through a red traffic light

9%

Overtaking across solid line Overtaking a line of vehicles Driving which endangers others/ non-adapted to conditions Disrespect of pedestrians/ when the driver doesn't stop in f Overtaking in curves/ rushing into curves, scissors

7% 5% 4% 4% 3%

Fast driving in populated areas

3%

Other

3%

DK-Ref

5%

• Circa one half of the citizens (52%) put equation mark between aggressive driving and fast driving.

• For 19% aggressive driving means overtaking / forbidden overtaking, and for another 14% driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol.

• Smaller percentage of citizens mention disrespect of signalization, rushing through red light, overtaking across full line or overtaking a line of vehicles.

• Drivers and general population mainly have similar understanding of aggressive driving.

© 2009 Ipsos

Big speeds, over 100 km/ 150 km

56

Road safety survey

Are there any situations in which it is not allowed to overtake other vehicles?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

DK-Ref No 4% 1%

Which situations are these?

94%

Overtaking with a solid line 53%

Overtaking a line of vehicles 28%

Overtaking in a tunnel

23%

Overtaking at curves/ poor visibility

19%

Overtaking on a bridge

Yes 95%

• 95% of drivers are aware of situations in which overtaking of other vehicles is forbidden. 1% of drivers think that such situations do not exist, while another 4% do not know the answer or refuse to answer.

• Majority of drivers spontaneously recall that such situation is overtaking across full line (94%). One half of the drivers (54%) state that overtaking a line of vehicles is forbidden.

• Less than 1/3 of the drivers recall that that it is also forbidden to overtake other vehicles in tunnel (28%) or in curves / when the view is limited (23%) .

• Only 7% of the drivers spontaneously mention forbidden overtaking on crossroads or pedestrian crossing, and just 2% mention forbidden overtaking in situation when the vehicle in front blockades the started overtaking.

Overtaking on a junction, traffic light

7%

Overtaking in a populated area

7%

Overtaking during bad weather conditions/ poor visibility/ f Traffic signs for not allowed overtaking

5% 4%

When road is under construction

3%

Overtaking when road is slippery

3%

Overtaking vehicles with escort

3%

Overtaking when speed is limited

2%

If someone in front has already started to overtake

2%

Overtaking at a railroad crossing

2%

© 2009 Ipsos

Are there any situations in which it is not allowed to overtake other vehicles?

57

Road safety survey

Judging by your own experience, how often do you feel in danger as a participant in traffic, because of aggressive driving of others...? ...as a pedestrian?

Base: Total target population

Sometimes 65%

Base: Drivers (65% of total target population) DK-Ref Never 1% 5%

DK-Ref 2%

Every day 28%

Every day 24%

Sometimes 66%

• 24% of pedestrians feel being in danger in traffic, because of aggressive driving of others. 65% of pedestrians occasionally feel like this, while 9% state that they never feel like that.

• Higher percentage of citizens aged 55+, occasional drivers and citizens from central region feel being at risk.

• Situation is similar with drivers: 28% of drivers daily feel at risk in traffic, because of aggressive driving of others. Two thirds of drivers occasionally feel at risk, while 5% never feel like this.

• Feeling less at risk are occasional drivers, the least educated citizens and those from northern region.

© 2009 Ipsos

Never 9%

...as a driver?

58

Road safety survey

Did it ever happen to you during the last three years that you...?

Every day Several times s week Several times a month Once a year Never

Hardly managed to overtake another vehicle

4 7

24

Often

28

Once

37

Never

Overtake a line of vehicles

9.5

33.7

56.7

Overtake over solid line

9.5

33.3

57.2

• Majority of drivers (63%) admit that they occasionally find themselves in situations when they hardly manage to overtake another vehicle: 24% confess that it often happens to them, and 28% claim that it occasionally happens to them.

• Occasional drivers, female drivers, the oldest and most experienced drivers and those from rural areas and northern region find themselves in such situation most rarely.

• Almost one half of the drivers (44%) admit that, during the past 3 years, they happened to overtake a line of vehicles: 34% - once, and 10% - frequently.

• The least experienced drivers as well as those from northern region do it the most frequently according to their own admission. It happens the least frequently to female drivers and the oldest ones.

• 43% of drivers admit to have overtaken other vehicles across full line during the past 3 years: one third state that this has happened only once, while 10% admit that it happens frequently.

• Male drivers overtake other vehicles over full line more frequently, while female and older drivers are the most careful in this sense .

© 2009 Ipsos

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

59

Road safety survey

Were you sanctioned for improper overtaking during the past three years?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

Yes, several times 1%

Yes, once 11%

However, when fines are concerned, situation is significantly different: as much as three times lesser percentage of drivers report to have been fined during the past 3 years because of overtaking – 11% were fined once, and 1% more than once.

Š 2009 Ipsos

No 88%

60

Road safety survey

To what extent you agree with the following statements Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

Disagree ( 1 + 2 )

Agree ( 4 + 5 )

It is better to arrive later than risk some accident.

2

82

Other vehicles should be overtaken only when it is completely safe and allowed by traffic rules.

3

82

I think that overtaking of line of vehicles should be severely punished.

4

75

Traffic is more jeopardized by people who drive too slow than those who drive fast.

41

30

In many places overtaking is not allowed for no reason.

38

28

Disagree ( 1 + 2 )

Agree ( 4 + 5 )

Other vehicles should be overtaken only when it is completely safe and allowed by traffic rules.

3

87

It is better to arrive later than risk some accident.

3

86

I think that overtaking of line of vehicles should be severely punished.

5

In many places overtaking is not allowed for no reason.

Traffic is more jeopardized by people who drive too slow than those who drive fast.

35

41

77

34

32

• Great majority of the citizens have negative attitudes towards overtaking, particularly risky and forbidden overtaking. On the other hand, if we examine to what extent the citizens agree with the statements which don't sound too socially unacceptable, we can see that condemnation of overtaking isn't absolute.

• The drivers have somewhat more tolerant attitude towards overtaking – 1/3 of drivers agree with the previously mentioned statements.

• Male citizens, highly educated and those from urban areas have more positive attitudes towards overtaking.

© 2009 Ipsos

Base: Total target population

61

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE PF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS

62

Road safety survey

In different countries there are different legal limits for the allowable concentration of alcohol in the blood of the driver. Do you might know what is the legal limits stipulated in our country?

Base: Total target population Total

Drivers

That means that it is safe to drink....

13 19.5 13 13.8

Over 0.5

23.4 23.7

DK-Ref 15.4 14.7

Over 2.5

48 41.7

0.5

Spirits (glasses)

16.9 19

1.1-2.5

Beer (0.5l)

37.5 35.6

1

Less then 0.5

26 24.9 0

20

Less then 1

40

60

6.8 7.1 0

10

20

30

40

• 41% of general population thinks that legally allowed concentration of alcohol in blood (blood alcohol content) is 0.5 per mill. 25% of it thinks that allowed concentration is lower, and 13% that it is higher.

• Drivers are better informed about this issue – total of 48% is correctly informed about the allowed concentration • Better informed are also men, young (18 to 30 years of age) and population of rural areas .

• Majority of citizens think that it is safe to drink one bottle a beer (42%) or one glass of spirit (48%) the most.

• Men, as well as drivers on daily bases think more frequent it is safe to drink more than that.

• It is worth noticing that also every fifth driver does not know what the legal constriction actually present.

© 2009 Ipsos

DK-Ref

63

Road safety survey

To what extent, in your opinion, is driving under the influence of alcohol a serious risk to road traffic safety?

Base: Total target population

The main dangers are: 0%

Causing accident/ car crash 2

2%

Sum -

2%

41%

Drowsiness, decrease of concentration, slow reflexes

24% 17%

Fast driving/ exceeding speed limitations

3

Putting own life and life of others in danger/ lethal outcom Jeopardizing safety of all participants in traffic Uncontrolled driving/ inability to control the vehicle

5%

Sum +

92%

4

14%

It s a great risk

DK-Ref

78%

17% 10% 9%

Negligence/ careless driving

8%

Rushing out of road (blows, fall into the abyss...)

6%

Causing material damage

5%

Aggression, mental incompetence, changed consciousness

5%

Causing injuries/ severe injuries

5%

Inability to estimate/ poor attention

5%

1%

•92% of general population thinks that driving under the influence of alcohol Accidents with pedestrians/ endangering is a serious risk to road traffic safety. Only 2% thinks that it is not much of a pedestrians risk.

Disrespect of regulations •Men, as well as those with the lowest level of education, population of urban areas and population of northern areas have somewhat Other more tolerant attitude towards driving under the influence of alcohol.

•There are no significant differences between attitudes towards DK-Ref alcohol of drivers and non-drivers.

•As major dangers of driving under the influence of alcohol mentioned are general ones, while As major dangers of driving under the influence of alcohol mentioned are general ones.

3% 2% 3% 6%

© 2009 Ipsos

It is no risk at all

64

Road safety survey

In general, to what extent do people abstain from alcohol consumption while driving?

Base: Total target population

Majority of people: Male Female

• Citizens’ opinions about the extent to which people abstain from drinking while driving are opposite: while 46% thinks that very few people abstain, 42% believes that majority of them do.

• Particularly skeptical towards this issue are nondrivers, women, older citizens, as well as those with the lowest income and population of the central part of the country.

• Drivers’ attitude is in line with the attitude of general population.

39% 36%

30 - 44

45%

45 - 54

43%

55+

43%

Up to 100 eur

32%

100.01-200 eur

43%

Over 200 eur

42%

Region

Very few people do 46%

Driving

Majority of people do 42%

Income

Age

18 - 29

45%

Central

31%

Coast

53%

North

51%

Drivers Non-drivers

45% 36%

© 2009 Ipsos

Almost no one does 8%

Gender

DK-Ref 4%

65

Road safety survey

Majority of drivers had a drink alcohol at least once before driving a car. How often does it happen to you?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

Sometimes 14%

Gender

Male

Female

In small number of cases 25%

Coast Region

Never 58%

• •

In spite of widespread understanding of dangers caused by alcohol consumption, even 42% of drivers admit having a drink at least once while driving: 25% of drivers in a small number of cases, 14% sometimes, and 3% even say that it happens in majority of cases.

Men and population of northern and rural areas, in their own words, more frequently drink while driving.

Those who consumed alcohol at least once said that they usually had 2 bottles of beer, 1-2 glasses of wine, one glass of brandy or 1-2 glasses of some spirit.

Urban Settlement

•

North

Rural

0% 4%

18%

31%

47%

0% 1% 6% 12% 0% 2%

15% 21%

0% 4% 8% 0% 4%

0% 2%

81%

62%

33%

17% 20%

10%

56%

59%

32%

57%

Always

In majority of cases

Sometimes

In small number of cases

Never

© 2009 Ipsos

Alw ays 0%

In majority of cases 3%

66

Road safety survey

How many times did it happen during last three year that...?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

... you were stopped by traffic police and asked for Alco test?

DK-Ref 1%

... sanctioned for drinking and driving?

Yes, several times Yes, once DK-Ref 2% 6% 1%

Several times 10%

Once 18%

No 91%

• 28% of drivers had an Alco test in the last three years: 18% once and 10% several times.

• It is interesting that population of northern areas of the country claims to have been stopped and tested more frequently.

• Only 6% of drivers say that they have been sanctioned for drinking and driving over the past three years, while 2% were sanctioned several times.

• We should note that this percentage is in sharp contrast with the 42% of drivers who admit that they drink and drive at least sometimes.

• In majority of cases, it was temporarily suspending of driver’s license (49%), fine (40%), while 15% of punished mentioned prison sentence (mainly for a day).

© 2009 Ipsos

Not once 71%

67

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

ATTITUDE TOWARDS PEDESTRIANS

68

Road safety survey

How frequently you personally practice each of the following…?

Base: Total target population does not practice ( 1 + 2 ) practice ( 4 + 5 )

... crossing the street out of a pedestrian crossing?

33

...using mobile phone while crossing the street?

42

...running across the street when you are in a hurry, out of a pedestrian crossing?

...crossing the streets on a pedestrian crossing when the red light is on for pedestrians?

33

33

39

57

28

18

© 2009 Ipsos

• One third of citizens admit that they frequently or relatively frequently cross the street out of a pedestrian crossing, as well as that they use mobile phone while crossing the street.

• Among pedestrians with the lowest level of education, as well as among residents of northern areas of the country, this type of conduct is generally more widespread, while things are opposite among the oldest pedestrians, highly educated, as well as among residents of the central areas and the coastal area.

• Drivers and non-drivers behave in a similar way when they participate in traffic as pedestrians.

69

Road safety survey

Attitudes towards pedestrians Base: Total target population

Who should have the priority of moving on a pedestrian crossing:

Total

Which of the following statements describes best your attitude towards moving of pedestrians

Drivers

1 DK-Ref 0.7

Drivers Total

1

DK-Ref

0.5

94

Pedestrian

94.7

Drivers have to pay attention to pedestrians, even w hen they cross the street out of a pedestrian crossing.

86 85.9

5 4.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

Drivers shouldn’t take care of pedestrians, but they themselves should do it

13 13.4

0

20

40

60

80 100

• 94% of citizens think that pedestrians have the priority of moving on a pedestrian crossing, while 5% think that a car or other vehicle have the priority.

• Drivers and non-drivers agree on this.

• 86% of citizens think that drivers have to pay attention to pedestrians, even when they cross the street out of a pedestrian crossing, while 13% think that pedestrians should take care of themselves.

•Majority of drivers think that pedestrians are primarily their responsibility. Somewhat smaller number of the youngest drivers shares this opinion (under 30 years of age).

© 2009 Ipsos

Car or other vehicle

70

Road safety survey

When you are in traffic as a pedestrian, how often do drivers stop to let you cross the street on a pedestrian crossing when there are no traffic lights in the vicinity?

Drivers

1%

More frequently I don`t than I do stop

Never

More frequently they don`t than they do stop

13%

Sum -

15%

83%

40%

I always stop

Missing

43%

3%

46%

Sum -

Sum +

More frequently I stop than I don`t stop

5%

51%

Sum +

48%

More frequently they stop than they don`t stop

40%

They always stop

DK-Ref

8%

1%

• 83% of drivers say that they generally stop to let pedestrians cross the street on a pedestrian crossing.

• O Drivers who drive every day, men, young, drivers with the lowest level of education, as well as residents of rural and northern areas take less care of pedestrians.

• From pedestrians’ point of view, however, behavior of drivers seems a lot different: 51% of citizens say that drivers don’t stop to let them pass on a pedestrian crossing without a traffic light in the vicinity more frequently than they do, while 48% say that they still rather let them pass than they don’t.

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

Never

Pedestrians:

71

Do you regularly ride bicycle?

Base: v When riding a bicycle, do you:

No 83%

No

Yes 13%

Yes

DK/Ref

Wear helmet

79%

Passanger wears helmet

78%

Drive on the right side of the road

29%

16% 5%

9% 13%

61%

• 13% of population rides a bicycle regularly, largely young and residents of coastal area.

• In their own words: • Only 16% of bicyclists regularly wear a helmet.

• In 9% also passenger wears a helmet.

• 61% of bicyclists always ride on the right side of the road.

10%

© 2009 Ipsos

DK-Ref 4%

72

Road safety survey

Do you regularly ride motorcycle?

Base: Total target population

Gender

Male

Female

18 - 29

Age

30 - 44

45 - 54

55+

Driving

Drivers

Non-drivers

5%

When riding a motorcycle, do you:

95% 7%

No

Yes

DK/Ref

93% 2% 98%

Wear helmet

12%

63%

25%

7% 93% 6%

Yes

94%

No

Passanger wears helmet

27%

54%

19%

3% 97% Drive on the right side of the road

0%

11%

63%

26%

100% 7% 93% 0% 100%

• 5% of general population rides a motorcycle regularly, and they are largely men, young people under 30 years of age and drivers.

• 63% of motorcyclists, in their own words, wear a helmet regularly, and in 54% of cases also passenger wears a helmet.

• 63% of motorcyclists always ride on the right side of the road.

© 2009 Ipsos

Total

73

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

PASSING THROUGH A RED TRAFFIC LIGHT

74

Road safety survey

Researches show that some drivers pass through a red traffic light, deliberately or unintentionally. How many times has it happened to you last year?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

It hasn”t happened:

Male

58%

62%

Female

3+ 8% Region

Central

None 58%

Urban

Rural

Every day Driving

• One out of four drivers admit passing through a red traffic light last year: 18% did it 1 to 2, and another 8% three and more times.

• In their own words, it happens more frequently to drivers who drive every day, to men, to residents of urban areas and of the central part of the country.

59%

77%

North

Settlement

1-2 18%

Coast

49%

Other

57%

63%

57%

65%

© 2009 Ipsos

Gender

DK-Ref 16%

75

Road safety survey

When you are in a hurry and the light is yellow, what do you usually do?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population) I speed up to pass before the red light appears I slow down and wait for the red light

Female Driving experience

I speed up to pass before the red light appears 38%

22% 76%

Up to 5 years ago

44% 55%

6 -15 years ago

41% 58%

16 - 25 years ago I slow down and wait for the red light 61%

Over 25 years ago Driving frequency

• 38% of drivers pass through a yellow traffic light, while 61% say that they slow down and wait for the red light.

• Men and drivers with the lowest level of education pass through a yellow traffic light more frequently, while women, older and more experienced drivers, as well as occasional drivers, are more cautious.

46% 52%

Male

Every day

Other

40% 60% 24% 73% 42% 58% 28% 69%

© 2009 Ipsos

Gender

DK-Ref 1%

76

Road safety survey

Were you sanctioned for passing through a red traffic light during the past three years?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

Yes, several times 1% DK-Ref 4%

Yes, once 10%

One out of ten drivers was sanctioned for passing through a red traffic light during the past three years (10% once and another 1% several times).

Š 2009 Ipsos

No 85%

77

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

EFFECT OF SANCTIONS ON ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR DURING DRIVING

78

Road safety survey

Observed in general, do you think that sanctioned for traffic violations are: Base: Total target population

19% 35% Total 29% 17%

Almost everyone who commits violation

17%

Great majority of violators 33%

Drivers

Less than a half of violators

30% 18%

Only some who commit violations

21%

• Citizens have different opinions about the number of sanctioned traffic violators: 19% think that almost each of them is sanctioned, and another 34% that majority is sanctioned.

Others think that only some or less than one half are sanctioned. • Likelihood of being sanctioned is evaluated similarly by drivers as well, while the least educated drivers evaluate it as somewhat bigger, as well as residents of coastal area do.

38% Non-drivers

14%

Š 2009 Ipsos

26%

79

Road safety survey

In your opinion, why do some violations stay unsanctioned?

Base: Total target population

All spontaneous answers 37%

Connections, acquaintances, favoritism

18%

Giving bribes Small number of policemen/ they can not control everything/ Carelessness of Police/ unscrupulous work

Connections, acquaintances, favoritism

47% 27%

Giving bribes

7%

Small number of policemen/ they can not control everything/ Carelessness of Police/ unscrupulous work

4%

7% 5%

Agreements with Police

2%

Lenience of Police

4%

Lenience of Police

2%

Agreements with Police

3%

Small traffic offenses can result in just warning

2%

Small traffic offenses can result in just warning

3%

The rich/ functionaries/ their children are privileged

1%

The rich/ functionaries/ their children are privileged

2%

Other

1%

Other

2%

DK-Ref

26%

DK-Ref

26%

•The first reason that citizens spontaneously associate with absence of sanctions is corruption: connections, acquaintances (37%) and bribing (18%).

•When all spontaneously listed reasons for absence of sanctions are taken into account, corruption is again the first: connections, acquaintances (47%), bribing (27%).

•Small number of citizens think that the number of policemen is too small or that they are not doing their job well, and they are mainly drivers, men and residents of rural areas.

© 2009 Ipsos

First spontaneous answer

80

Road safety survey

Attitude towards penalties Base: Total target population

How often does it happen that police stops a driver, but lets him/her go without official adequate sanction?

Always

What is your personal opinion about penalties stipulated for traffic violations? Are they: 2%

3%

They are unreasonably strict

2 5%

They are stricter than they should be

In majority of cases

17% Sum -

Sometimes

49%

7

Total

7%

Drivers

8 33%

They are just right

32 59%

20%

Sum +

58 36%

Some are too strict, w hile others are too mild

Never

40

10%

23%

They are too mild

DK-Ref

2%

• Majority of citizens think that it is not unusual that a policeman stops a traffic violator and lets him/her go without adequate sanctions: one half (49%) thinks that it happens sometimes, 17% in majority of cases, and 3% always.

• Opinions of drivers and of general population match with each other.

DK-Ref

18 1% 1

• 60% of citizens think that penalties for traffic violations should be stricter. 33% thinks that they are adequate, while 7% thinks that they are too strict.

• Large number of drivers think that penalties should not be any stricter, as well as men, citizens with low education level and low income, and residents of coastal area.

© 2009 Ipsos

In small number of cases

81

Road safety survey

Are you familiar with all situations when it is possible to temporarily lose one’s driver’s license? Can you please name them?

Drivers 41% 46

Exceeded speed limit Driving under the influence of alcohol/ drugs

36% 42 24% 27

Passing through red traffic light

20% 26

Overtaking across solid line Overtaking in forbidden location ( tunnel, bridge...)

Overtaking a line of vehicles

12% 13 7% 7

Unregistered vehicle/ invalid vehicle

4% 4

Disrespect of traffic regulations/ signs/ signalization

4% 5

Causing traffic accident

3% 2

Other

3% 3

DK-Ref

23% 16

• Largest number of citizens thinks that driver’s license can be lost temporarily because of speeding (41%), drinking and driving (36%), passing through a red traffic light (24%) and overtaking with a solid line (20%).

• Larger number of citizens thinks that drinking and driving and overtaking with a solid line are sanctioned by suspension of driver’s license.

© 2009 Ipsos

Total

82

Road safety survey

Great majority of people get at least one penalty for traffic violation in their lifetime. How many times has it happened to you over the past three years?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

Have you been stopped by a policeman because of some traffic violation, but not charged the officially stipulated fine for that violation during the last three years?

Number of penalties?

DK-Ref 3%

DK-Ref 15%

Yes, several times 15%

None 34%

3+ 17%

Yes, once 15%

1 16%

• One half of drivers were sanctioned for committed traffic violation over the past three years: 16% once, 18 twice, and 17% three or more times.

• Larger number of penalties was given to drivers who drive every day, to men, drivers with the lowest level of education, as well as to residents of northern areas of the country.

• About one third of drivers say that they were stopped by policemen in this same period, but they were not officially sanctioned (15% once and 15 % several times).

© 2009 Ipsos

2 18%

No 67%

83

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

COMMUNICATION CHANNELS

84

Road safety survey

What are your sources of information about road traffic safety?

Multiple answers; Base: Total target population

TV

The most important source 82%

Newspapers and magazines

42%

Friends/relatives

29%

Radio

20%

TV Laws and regulations

9%

Friends/relatives

8%

Newspapers and magazines

7%

Internet

Laws and regulations

62%

5%

15%

Radio Internet

3%

14%

Billboards and posters

9%

Brochures, leaflets

3%

DK-Ref

2%

Billboards and posters

1%

Brochures, leaflets

1%

DK-Ref

•Televizija je takođe ocenjena kao najznačajniji izvor informacija o bezbednosti u saobraćaju (62%).

•Samo 9% građana kao najvažniji izvor navodi zakone i propise. U manjim procentima navode se i rođaci i prijatelji, štampani mediji i internet.

•Zanimljivo je da su zakoni i propisi ocenjeni kao najznačajniji izvor od nešto većeg broja povemenih, a manjeg broja vozača koji svakodnevno voze.

5%

• The main source of information about road traffic safety is television (82%). Citizens also get informed by means of printed media (42%), as well as from friends or relatives (29%).

• Drivers use same sources of information as general population does.

• Printed media are used less by women, by the least educated and by residents of coastal area. Internet is mainly used by young people, by highly educated and by citizens with high income.

© 2009 Ipsos

Sources of information

85

Road safety survey

Information about road safety Base: Total target population

When have you recently heard/seen/read something about road traffic safety?

15%

In the past month

16 Total 17%

In the past three months

Drivers

18

I am very interested, I think that not enough is talked about it 16%

DK-Ref 5%

Not interested at all 14%

26%

In the past six months

27 16%

In the past year

17 25%

More than a year ago

I w ouldn’t mind hearing something about it, but I am not very interested 35%

Not very interested, I think that I know enough about this 30%

1

• Majority of citizens have not very recently run across information about road traffic safety – only 15% have heard/seen/read something about it in a previous month time.

• One fourth of citizens got the last information on this issue more than a year ago.

• Drivers are not better updated than general population is.

• Interest in being better informed about this issue is not very extensive – only 16% of citizens think that not enough is being talked about this topic. Another 35% of citizens say that they wouldn’t mind being informed some more, but that they are not very interested in it.

• Somewhat more interested are older citizens, highly educated, as well as residents of northern areas.

• Drivers are not any more interested than general population is, and occasional drivers are more interested than those who drive every day are.

© 2009 Ipsos

22 2%

DK-Ref

To what extent are you interested in obtaining more information about this topic?

86

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

87

Road safety survey

Please think about road traffic safety in Montenegro. How would you evaluate the situation in our country regarding this issue?

Base: Total target population situation is very bad

Relative to neighboring countries

10%

2

Sum -

27%

3

41%

Sum +

32%

4

22%

it is very good

DK-Ref 0%

Situation in Montenegro is significantly worse 31%

Situation in Montenegro is the same as in other surrounding 60%

10%

0%

• Citizens think that situation regarding road traffic safety in Montenegro is neither very good nor very bad (average grade 3 on the scale from 1 to 5).

• Drivers share this opinion. Drivers with the lowest level of education, as well as residents of northern part of the country are somewhat less worried about this situation.

• Majority of citizens (60%) think that road traffic safety in Montenegro is similar to road traffic safety in other countries in the region. 31% thinks that situation in Montenegro is much worse.

•Drivers again share the opinion of general population. The least experienced drivers, as well as the least educated ones, think that situation at home is better than in other countries in the region.

© 2009 Ipsos

DK-Ref

Situation in Montenegro is significantly better 9%

17%

88

Road safety survey

Situation in Montenegro regarding road safety Base: Total target population

DK-Ref 0% Improved 24%

How concerned are you personally regarding road traffic safety?

Not concerned at all

8%

Somewhat concerned

Worsened 17%

33%

Sum -

41%

Sum +

Stayed the same 59%

58%

Quite concerned

39%

Very concerned

DK-Ref

• Majority of citizens (59%) think that status of road traffic safety has not changed much over the past three years. 24% thinks that it has improved, while 17% thinks that it has worsened.

• Drivers share the opinion of general population here.

19%

1%

•58% of citizens claim to be personally concerned for road traffic safety. 41% is not particularly concerned.

•This situation is particularly worrying for women, older and highly educated citizens, as well as citizens of the central part of the country.

© 2009 Ipsos

Do you think that situation in Montenegro regarding road traffic safety has improved, worsened or stayed the same over the past 3 years?

89

Road safety survey

Participants in traffic Base: Total target population

Who do you think is (if anyone) endangered most in traffic?

34% Drivers

In your opinion, who causes traffic accidents most?

85% Drivers 85

37 30% Pedestrians

4% Motorcycle riders 3

28 27% Children 25 I don`t think that anyone is endangered

I don`t think that anyone in particular causes traffic accid

4% 4 3%

2%

Total Drivers

Pedestrians 4

2 1%

Bicycle riders

2%

Bicycle riders 1

Total 2

Drivers 1% Children 1

1

• Almost equal number of citizens says that drivers (34%) and pedestrians (30%) are most endangered in traffic.

• 27% of citizens (particularly women, older and highly educated citizens) think that children are the most endangered category.

• Drivers share this opinion.

• Great majority of citizens think that, on the other hand, drivers cause the largest number of accidents (85%). 4% think that motorcyclists are to be blamed most for accidents.

• Drivers again agree with general population.

• It is interesting that 4% of citizens think that no one in particular is responsible for traffic accidents. This is the opinion of a larger number of the least educated citizens.

© 2009 Ipsos

Motorcycle riders

1%

90

Road safety survey

In your opinion , what are the main causes for traffic accidents in your country?

Base: Drivers (65% of target population)

Base: Total target population important causes ( 4 + 5 )

not important causes ( 1 + 2 ) Failure to comply with regulations

2

90

Lack of participants’ awareness of road traffic hazards

3

86

Road conditions

5

82

Defective vehicles

9

77

7

74

11

74

Lack of training for driving

Not applying penal policy

important causes ( 4 + 5 )

Failure to comply with regulations

2

90

Lack of participants’ awareness of road traffic hazards

2

87

Road conditions

4

86

Defective vehicles

10

77

Lack of training for driving

8

76

12

73

Not applying penal policy

• Citizens evaluate each of the following potential causes of traffic accidents as very or rather important.

• Drivers evaluate potential causes of traffic accidents in the same way.

© 2009 Ipsos

not important causes ( 1 + 2 )

91

Road safety survey

The most important factor Base: Total target population

32%

Failure to comply with regulations

32

Lack of participants awareness of road traffic hazards

22% 21 11%

Road conditions

10 11%

Lack of training for driving

11 9%

Defective vehicles

12

Total Drivers

DK-Ref

6 9% 8

© 2009 Ipsos

Not applying penal policy

8%

• In citizens’ opinion, the most important cause for traffic accidents is failure to comply with regulations (32%).

• Another 22% of citizens single out lack of participants’ awareness of road traffic hazards, which means that citizens generally hold participants in traffic the most responsible for traffic accidents.

• Smaller number of citizens mentions „objective factors“- bad road conditions and defective vehicles, as well as lack of training for driving. Larger number of drivers blames defective vehicles for traffic accidents.

• 8% of citizens think that the most important cause is not applying penal policy.

92

Road safety survey

In your opinion, how many people lost their life in road traffic accidents in Montenegro during last year?

Base: Total target population

DK-Ref 24% Up to 50 36%

Over 100 19%

Majority of citizens (57%) think that less than 100 people lost their life in traffic accidents in Montenegro during last year.

19% thinks that this number if bigger than 100.

Š 2009 Ipsos

51-100 21%

93

Road safety survey

How many times did you take part in a traffic accident (not like observer)?

Base: Total target population

How did you participate in you last traffic accident?

Total

Drivers Something else 3%

9% 1

DK-Ref 2%

As a pedestrian 9%

8 4% 2 4

As a driver 44%

2% 3 2 As a car passenger 42%

1% 4+ 1

81 3%

DK-Ref 4

• Total of 16% of citizens say that had part in a traffic accident.

Majority of them had one traffic accident (9%).

• 44% of this number was drivers, 42% car passengers and 9% pedestrians.

© 2009 Ipsos

82%

I did not take part

94

Road safety survey

What kind of accident was it and what were the consequences?

Base: Total target population - those who ever took part in a traffic accident (not like observer) (18% of target population)

What were the consequences of this accident for you?

What kind of accident was it?

Crash of two cars

65%

Light bodily injury

Chain car accident

9%

Minor damage to the vehicle

A car hit a pedestrian

8%

Mental trauma

Crash of a car and a bus or truck

Major damage to the vehicle

20%

8%

14%

Serious bodily injury

DK-Ref

DK-Ref

25%

There were no consequences

2%

Other

26%

9%

2%

3%

• Out of total number of these traffic accidents, two thirds were crashes of two cars (65%).

• 9% of citizens participated in a chain crash, and 8% in an accident when a car hit a pedestrian.

• Citizens who participated in a traffic accident mainly mention as consequences light bodily injury (37%), minor damage to the vehicle (26%) and mental trauma(25%).

• In 9% of cases it was a serious bodily injury.

• Consequences were similar among drivers and in general population.

• Citizens say that other participants in traffic accident that they participated in had similar consequences.

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

Crash of car and motorcycle

6%

37%

95

Has your behavior in road traffic changed after the accident?

Multiple answers; Base: Total target population - those who ever took part in a traffic accident (not like observer) (18% of target population)

Total

Drivers

No, it hasn t changed

33% 36 24%

I drive slower

I cross the street only on a I don`t cross the streets when the I don`t use mobile phone while driving I don`t exceed allowed speed I don`t improperly overtake other I don`t drive when I drink alcohol I stop at a pedestrian crossing I stop when traffic light is yellow I don`t use mobile phone while I walk only on pavement I wear helmet when riding Other DK-Ref

13 12%

3

11%

2

1

9% 11 9% 12 7% 11 7% 10 5% 5 5% 5 5%

3% 0 1% 1 4% 3 3% 2

• As for those who participated in a traffic accident, one third of them say that their behavior has not changed since. Others say that they became more cautious.

• Among drivers, increased cautiousness is usually visible in slower driving, fastening seat belts, not using a mobile phone while driving, not drinking and driving, observing the rules when overtaking. However, 36% of them say that their behavior hasn’t changed.

• Pedestrians who had an accident now cross the street on pedestrian crossing only (12%) and they never cross the street when red traffic light is on (11%). © 2009 Ipsos

I fasten seat belt

35

17%

96

Road safety survey

Did any member of your family or close friend take part in traffic accident (not like observer)?

Base: Total target population

Changes in behaviour Of the person who took part in the accident

48%

He/she drives slower

21.7

He/she doesn’t drive when I drink alcohol 0

25%

He/she doesn’t improperly overtake other vehicle No 65%

24% 10.5 22%

No, it hasn’t changed

47 17%

He/she fastens seat belt

• 35% of citizens say that some of their relatives or close friends had a traffic accident.

• Majority of these citizens noticed a change of behavior in traffic of that person (78%).

• On the other hand, half of citizens do not learn on examples of others – 47% of citizens say that their behavior didn’t change after their close ones had a traffic accident.

He/she doesn’t use mobile phone while driving He/she doesn’t exceed allowed speed He/she stop at a pedestrian crossing

11 16% 7.5 15% 6.3 5% 5

© 2009 Ipsos

Yes 35%

Of the respondent

97

Road safety survey

© 2009 Ipsos

FINAL QUESTIONS

98

Road safety survey

What measures would you take to improve the safety in traffic...?

Multiple answers; Base: Total target population

...of your own family?

...in general?

More careful driving/ caution/ consciousness

21%

Compliance with regulations

18% 14%

More strict penalties/ More strict law Slower driving/ Compliance with speed limit

10%

Better car (car in good condition, new, serviced) Increased, more strict control of traffic

6%

5%

More strict penalties/ More strict law

34%

Better roads/ repair of roads

15%

Increased, more strict control of traffic

13%

Compliance with regulations

13%

Equality/ equal punishments for all violators Better education of all/ being informed

7% 5%

Application of Traffic Law

3%

4%

More careful driving/ caution/ consciousness

3%

Wearing a seat belt

4%

Slower driving/ Compliance with speed limit

3%

Avoid use of mobile phone while driving

4%

Better signalization/ more signalization

3%

Better education of all/ being informed

4%

Careful/ proper crossing of street

© 2009 Ipsos

• Largest number of citizens thinks that it is most important for improvement of personal and family safety in road traffic to be careful and conscientious (21%), as well as to obey the rules (18%).

• 14% of citizens think that the law should be harsher. Some citizens also mention slower driving, better cars, stricter road traffic control, as well as being better informed.

• Drivers rather stress flawless functioning of car as important, as well as the need for stricter road traffic control.

• When asked about measures for improvement of general road traffic safety, citizens mention stricter laws (34%) and better control (15%) as the most important measures.

• 15% mentions better roads, and 13% obeying rules.

• It is interesting that 7% of citizens say that it would be good if all traffic violators were treated the same.

• Drivers mention similar measures as the rest of population does.

99

Road safety survey

Factors influencing children’s knowledge about behavior in road traffic?

Base: Total target population Do you think that schools pay sufficient attention to behavior in traffic?

DK-Ref Other 4% 4%

DK-Ref 6%

School 31%

Parents 61%

Yes, I think that sufficient attention is paid 21%

No, I don’t think that sufficient attention is paid 73%

• 60% of citizens think that parents influence children most regarding their knowledge about behavior in traffic. 33% thinks that it is the school.

• Role of parents is particularly stressed in the North of the country, and role of school in coastal area.

• Drivers and general population share the same beliefs.

• 73% of citizens think that school does not pay enough attention to behavior of children in traffic.

© 2009 Ipsos

Greatest influence on children’s knowledge

100

Road safety survey

In your opinion, who should be engaged in educating children about behavior in road traffic?

Base: Total target population

Other 5%

DK-Ref 4%

48%

42% Drivers 6%

5%

School

Drivers

Parents 39%

School 52%

Parents Other 61%

DK-Ref

34% Non-drivers

•Majority of citizens (52%) think that school should be engaged in education of children about behavior in traffic. 39% think that parents should have this role.

•Expectedly, non-drivers think that school should have the key role.

2%

© 2009 Ipsos

3%

101

Road safety survey