FIGURE 8. Share of programme expenditure by theme, 2017-2020
10%
31%
23% Border management Justice/rule of law
17% Crisis prevention and recovery Local governance
8% Demining PVE/Radicalization
7%
2%
2%
Elections Stabilization
Source: UNDP Altas data, as of 30 April 2021
level, in response to conflict dynamics and the Boko Haram crisis in the Lake Chad region, and displacements in southern regions due to instability in the Central African Republic. The country programme period under review was marked by significant institutional changes, as illustrated by the two constitutional reforms adopted in 2018 and late 2020. The 2018 reforms brought in the consolidation of a presidential regime, limiting the role of key democratic institutions such as Parliament and the Supreme Court, and suppressing the function of prime minister. The 2020 constitutional review established a bicameral parliamentary system and a vice-president function. In addition to these important changes in the institutional environment, the period was marked by five ministerial reshuffles between 2017 and 2021. All stakeholder interviews emphasized the significant turnover of project focal points and public leadership at central and decentralized levels, exacerbated by national civil servant and private sector strikes, which caused significant delays and resulted in additional transaction costs for project implementation (see finding 18). This context has affected UNDP support across the entirety of its portfolio, and poses challenges for UNDP 66
positioning in governance, given its traditional and unique comparative advantage within the United Nations system. With the exception of support to judicial authorities and elections, there has been limited opportunity for UNDP to develop programming to support long-term institutional capacity-building, despite the need to strengthen public accountability and public sector performance in Chad, identified in the CPD and the NDP 2017-2021. CPD indicators and outputs suggested engagement with core institutions such as the Parliament, which did not materialize. During the period 2012-2016, UNDP support to democratic institutions and local governance was implemented through two programmes, which started in 2012 and phased out in 2015 when parliamentary and local elections were expected to take place.66 Building on past engagement, UNDP was able to continue extending support in the area of elections and rule of law. However, all support was implemented on UNDP core resources which were not sufficient and limited the scope of implementation. These trends in expenditure and programme development suggest a less favourable environment for resource mobilization, and a review of other development partners operating in this space found limited donor funding and a preference for direct implementation by key
00066136 Support Programme for Local Transition and Governance / 00068171 Programme to Strengthen Democratic Governance.
CHAPTER 2: FINDINGS
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