As a signatory of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Peru reports on national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and programmes with mitigation and adaptation actions against climate change. Through its National Energy Policy 2010-2040, the country is strengthening its energy matrix to achieve self-sufficiency, with a strong emphasis on renewable energies and promoting an energy sector with minimal environmental impact and low carbon emissions.46 In the Climate Ambition Summit 2020, Peru reaffirmed its commitment to the Paris Agreement and pledged to decrease carbon emissions to 30-40 percent by 2030, with the objective of becoming carbon neutral by 2050.47 Despite Peru’s support for sustainable development, the country has not signed the Regional Escazú Agreement on access to information, public participation and justice on environmental issues.48 Peru is vulnerable to natural disasters, including earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and climatological events, due to its location and inappropriate land use practices. In 2017, flooding caused by El Niño Costero affected over 1.5 million people, causing 162 deaths and damaging hundreds of thousands of homes.49 According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Peru has “medium high” water stress, ranking fourth in Latin America and the Caribbean.50 Peru has witnessed several social conflicts related to land and natural resources, in particular around extractive industries. In September 2021, 64 percent of the total active socio-environmental conflicts were related to mining activities (61 cases), and 23 percent were conflicts over hydrocarbon activities (22 cases).51
1.4 UNDP programme under review UNDP cooperation with Peru began in 1961 with the signature of the Model Basic Assistance Agreement, the legal basis for its relationship with the Government. Work carried out by UNDP Peru during the period under review was guided by the 2017-2021 Country Programme Document (CPD), which was developed in accordance with the priority areas identified in the 2017-2021 United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF). All outcomes in the CPD were aligned with the National Strategic Development Plan developed by the National Strategic Planning Centre (CEPLAN), sectoral plans,52 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
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MINEM, ( 2021) Press Release, https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minem/noticias/483635-minem-impulsa-proyectos-para-alcanzar-el15-de-la-generacion-electrica-con-rer-al-2030. MINAM. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minam/noticias/320326-peru-incrementa-su-ambicion-climatica-para-reducir-en-40-susemisiones-de-carbono-hacia-el-ano-2030. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26159&LangID=E. ISET (2018) Learning from El Niño Costero 2017: Opportunities for Building Resilience in Peru,. https://reliefweb.int/report/peru/ learning-el-ni-o-costero-2017-opportunities-building-resilience-peru-october-2017. ECLAC (2020) The environmental tragedy of Latin America and the Caribbean. https://www.cepal.org/en/publications/46105environmental-tragedy-latin-america-and-caribbean-offprint. The Ombudsman’s Office (2021), Report of social conflicts, N. 211. https://www.defensoria.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ Reporte-Mensual-de-Conflictos-Sociales-N%C2%B0-211-setiembre-2021.pdf. The Multiannual Sector Strategic Plan is the document prepared by Ministries of the Executive for each sector under their leadership. https://www.ceplan.gob.pe/planes-sectoriales.
Chapter 1. BACKGROUND AND introduction
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