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bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma

bavSvis uflebebi

uflebebis dacva

da Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvTa parlamentebi

uflebebze dafuZnebuli presis Tavisufleba

ras unda moicavdes kodeqsi?

midgoma

bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma

2011 weli

saswavlo kursi momzadda centraluri da aRmosavleT evropisa da damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis gaeros bavSvTa fondis (iunisefi) regionuli ofisis dakveTiT dublinis teqnologiuri institutis media skolis mier.

Š `iunisefi~ - dublinis teqnologiis instituti, 2007 w. Š qarTuli Targmani da gamocema, gaeros bavSvTa fondis saqarTvelos warmomadgenloba, 2011 w. saxelmZRvanelos qarTuli variantis SemuSavebasa da adaptaciaSi monawileobdnen: daviT paiWaZe, ilias saxelobis universiteti; marine vaSaymaZe, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti; maia miqaSaviZe, Jurnalistikisa da media menejmentis kavkasiuri skola; naTia kalaZe, saqarTvelos universiteti; maia qurcikiZe, gaeros bavSvTa fondi. masalebis mowodebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT eqspertebs: Tamar korZaias, marine kvaWaZes, Teona kuWavasa da nato zazaSvils.

sarCevi

bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma ............................................................................6 winasityvaoba...........................................................................................................6 nawili pirveli: `gaicaniT bavSvis uflebebi~ ......................................................8 1. adamianis uflebaTa cnebis warmodgena ..........................................................8 adamianis uflebebi da bunebiTi uflebebi ........................................................8 adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia..................................................10 uflebebis dacva................................................................................................... 11 2. bavSvis uflebebi ................................................................................................14 bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia ...............................................................................15 bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti ................................................................................17 saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba da bavSvTa uflebebi .......................................18 gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da bavSvis uflebebis dacva qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi ........................................................................28 3. bavSvis uflebebi da media ...............................................................................30 `oslos gamowveva~ ................................................................................................30 mediis gavlena axalgazrdebze ...........................................................................31 bavSvebis asaxva mediaSi .......................................................................................32 mediis mier bavSvebis eqspluatacia ..................................................................33 bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi............................................................................34 mediis mxridan bavSvze zemoqmedebis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi ...................35 4. winaaRmdegobebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis gzaze ...................39 adamianis uflebaTa dacva ..................................................................................39 bavSvis uflebaTa dacva ......................................................................................40 problemebi bavSvTa uflebebis realizebaSi ...................................................42 bavSvTa uflebebTan dakavSirebul problemebze reagireba .........................43 5. mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva, bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli pasuxismgebloba ..................................................................................................46 bavSvebis warmodgena masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi ..........................46 stereotipebi mediaSi ..........................................................................................48 bavSvTa uflebebis darRveva ..............................................................................49 bavSvTa dacva ........................................................................................................49 media axali TaobisTvis .......................................................................................51 profesiuli pasuxismgebloba.............................................................................51 Sida regulireba...................................................................................................52 bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas mediis eTikisa da JurnalistTa profesiuli standartebis dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi .............................55

6. informaciis gavrcelebis saukeTeso praqtika bavSvebis Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.....................................................................57 `msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~ ...................................................................................57 bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi ...............................58 bavSvebis monawileoba..........................................................................................59 monawileobiT miRebuli sargebloba ................................................................60 perspeqtivebi bavSvebisTvis: magaliTebi ..........................................................61 bavSvTa parlamentebi...........................................................................................62 monawileobisTvis arsebuli barierebi .............................................................64 Tavi 2: bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika ............... 66 1. qcevis kodeqsebi da saredaqcio saxelmZRvanelo principebi.................66 Jurnalistikis kodeqsebis ganviTareba ............................................................66 presis Tavisufleba .............................................................................................68 ras unda moicavdes kodeqsi? .............................................................................70 mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi ............................................................71 saerTaSoriso kodeqsebi .....................................................................................72 bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli qcevis kodeqsi........................................................73 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis saxelmZRvanelo principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisTvis ......................................74 bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli: eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis ................76 mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi saqarTveloSi ...................................77 danarTebi .................................................................................................................81 `bi-bi-si~-s saredaqcio principebi bavSvebis gaSuqebasTan dakavSirebiT..................................................................................81 Jurnalistebis statusi da Jurnalisturi eTika: JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis principebi ..............................................................84 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis deklaracia Jurnalisturi qcevis principebis Sesaxeb .......................................................88 saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia ................................................... 89 2. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi ............................................................................91 bavSvTa dacva ........................................................................................................91 bavSvTa dacva organizaciebSi ............................................................................94 mediis bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi ...................................................................95 3. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi ...........................................................97 konkretuli magaliTis ganxilva: TviTneburi dakavebis sakiTxebze momuSave jgufi.....................................................................................................99 sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki ...................................................103 media da kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi: vinaobis dacva ..................105 konkretuli magaliTi (1): didi britaneTi: meri beli ................................105

konkretuli magaliTi (2): didi britaneTi: jeims balgeris mkvlelebi ....106 ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sferoSi.......................................................................... 107 arasruwlovanTa marTlsamjulebis ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso principebi ............................................................................... 108 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema saqarTveloSi ..................... 112 4. siuJetebisa da wyaroebis moZieba ................................................................121 Jurnalistis roli.............................................................................................121 bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb masalebis momzadebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebi .............................................................123 `iunisefis~ saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis .................................................................................124 gaeros konvenciasTan dakavSirebiT kiTxvebis dasma ...................................125 statiebisa da siuJetebis wyaroebi .................................................................126 ZiriTadi terminebi wyaroebTan urTierTobisas ..........................................130 5. bavSvebisagan intervius aReba.......................................................................131 fotoebSi bavSvebis gamoyeneba .........................................................................134 `iunisefis~ saxelmZRvanelo principebi bavSvebisagan intervius aRebasTan dakavSirebiT ..................................................................135 intervius Semdeg... ...........................................................................................136 “gadavarCinoT bavSvebi�-s saxelmZRvanelo principebi bavSvebisgan intervius aRebasTan dakavSirebiT ..................................................................136 6. bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros ..............................................138 media da bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros ......................................142 7. sityvis Tavisufleba bavSvebs da bavSvebze orientirebuli media .....146 bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi..........................................................................148 bavSvebTan erTad da bavSvebisTvis momzadebuli mediaprogramebis dadebiTi mxareebi ..............................................................................................149 globaluri konteqsti.......................................................................................151 mediaSi bavSvebis mizanmimarTuli monawileobis winaSe arsebuli sirTuleebi da winaaRmdegobebi ......................................................................152 8. saukeTeso Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT ...............155 saukeTeso praqtikis magaliTebi .....................................................................156

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bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma winasityvaoba mivesalmebiT JursnalistebisTvis bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb saxelmZRvanelos mkiTxvels. saxelmZRvanelos mizania mogawodoT is ZiriTadi ideebi da informacia, romlebic dagexmarebaT axali ambebis pasuxismgeblobiT, bavSvTa uflebebis dacviTa da maT mimarT pativiscemiT gaSuqebaSi. saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli midgoma organizacia `adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis asociacia~ (HREA) gvTavazobs saswavlo piramidas, romelic Sedgeba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis sami ZiriTadi modelisagan. qveda aris `faseulobebisa da informirebulobis modeli~, Sua - „angariSvaldebulebis modeli~, xolo zeda - `transformaciuli modeli~. modeli 1 - faseulobebi da informirebuloba faseulobebisa da informirebulobis modelSi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis ZiriTadi amocanaa adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sabaziso codnis gadacema. am modelis mizania, `xeli Seewyos iseTi msoflios mSeneblobas, sadac pativiscemiT ekidebian adamianis uflebebs. es miiRweva im miznebis gaTviTcnobierebiTa da erTgulebiT, romlebic Camoyalibebulia `adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciasa~ da sxva ZiriTad dokumentebSi~ (`adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis axali modelebi~, felisa tibitsi, `ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso mimoxilva~ - adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebisadmi miZRvnili specialuri gamocema, 2002). faseulobebisa da informirebulobis modelis magaliTebia sazogadoebaSi codnis gavrcelebis kampaniebi, axalgazrduli programebi da saskolo da sauniversiteto saganmanaTleblo programebi. modeli 2 – angariSvaldebuleba mosalodnelia, rom am modelis dawyebisas monawileebs ukve hqondeT warmodgena adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. isic mosalodnelia, rom isini uSualod Tu arapirdapiri gziT monawileobdnen adamianis uflebebis dacvaSi. es modeli yuradRebas amaxvilebs adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da lobirebis unarebis ganviTarebasa da adamianis uflebaTa samarTlis ufro Rrmad gagebis xelSewyobaze. angariSvaldebulebis modelis magaliTebia treningebi adamianis uflebebis sferoSi moRvawe aqtivistebis an im adamianebisaTvis, visac evaleba adamianis uflebaTa Selaxvis SemTxvevebis dokumenturi saxiT dafiqsireba. modeli 3 – transformaciuli es modeli miznad isaxavs, daexmaros adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis faqtebis

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mowmeebs da msxverplebs. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis es forma SeiZleba gamodges, rogorc calkeuli adamianebis, ise mTlianad TemebisTvis. transformaciuli modelis mizania, misces monawileebs SesaZlebloba, daicvan sakuTari Tavi da sakuTari Temebi adamianis uflebaTa darRvevisagan. am modelis magaliTebia ltolvilTa banakSi ganxorcielebuli programebi da jgufuri daxmarebis programebi ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTaTvis. vinaidan modulis amocanaa treningSi monawile JurnalistebisaTvis iseTi informaciis miwodeba, romelic maT sWirdebaT bavSvTa uflebebTan dakavSirebuli axali ambebis pasuxismgeblobiT gaSuqebis unaris ganviTarebisTvis, gamoviyenebT faseulobebisa da informirebulobis models – konkretuli aqcentiT bavSvis uflebebze. modulis mizania ara adamianis uflebebis sferoSi moRvawe aqtivistebis Camoyalibeba, aramed bavSvebTan da maT uflebebTan dakavSirebuli Temebis pasuxismgeblobiT gaSuqebis unaris ganviTareba. am modulis gavlis Semdeg Tqven SeZlebT gaigoT, ras warmoadgens bavSvTa uflebebi, gansakuTrebiT gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis konteqstSi. Tqven aseve SeZlebT kritikulad SeafasoT bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli axali ambebis gaSuqeba adamianis uflebebis, anu `uflebebze damyarebuli~, perspeqtividan, gaecnobiT saxelmZRvanelo principebsa da kodeqsebs bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli axali ambebis gaSuqebis Sesaxeb da SeZlebT gamoTqvaT profesiuli mosazreba sakuTari praqtikis Sesaxeb uflebebze damyarebuli perspeqtividan. rac yvelaze mTavaria, SeZlebT gamoiyenoT is, rac iswavleT, Tqvens samomavlo karieraSi rogorc Jurnalistebma da reportiorebma da samarTlianad, zustad da bavSvebis uflebaTa principebis gaTvaliswinebiT moamzadoT siuJetebi, statiebi da reportaJebi. modulis struqtura modulSi Sedis ori ZiriTadi nawili: nawili pirveli, `gaicaniT bavSvis uflebebi~, iZleva zogad informacias imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ratomaa esoden mniSvnelovani uflebebis gageba da gaTviTcnobiereba. garda amisa, am nawilSi ganxilulia saTanado praqtikis magaliTebi da, agreTve, is problemebi da gamowvevebi, romlebic wamoiWreba bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli axali ambebis gaSuqebisas. nawili meore, `bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika~, profesiul Jurnalistur praqtikas ganixilavs bavSvis uflebebis perspeqtividan da gvacnobs im strategiebsa da konteqstebs, romlebSic unda davfiqrdeT imaze, Tu rogor gavaumjobesoT Cveni Jurnalisturi saqmianoba. am naSromSi warmodgenil masalasTan erTad unda gaecnoT mravalferovan damxmare literaturas da rekomendaciebs samomavlo sakiTxavebTan dakavSirebiT. imedi gvaqvs, rom modulSi naswavli dagexmarebaT axali ambebis yvelanairi formiT gaSuqebaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki im SemTxvevebSi, roca siuJetis centraluri figura bavSvia.

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nawili pirveli: `gaicaniT bavSvis uflebebi~ 1. adamianis uflebaTa cnebis warmodgena

ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi  ras warmoadgens adamianis uflebebi?  ra gansxvavebaa bunebriv uflebebsa da adamianis uflebebs Soris?  adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia  adamianis uflebebis dacva

adamianis uflebebi da bunebiTi uflebebi adamianis uflebebi gulisxmobs adamianis ganuyofel, sayovelTao uflebebs, miuxedavad adgilmdebareobis Tu sxva iseTi faqtorebisa, rogorebicaa eTnikuri warmomavloba, religia, erovneba Tu sqesi. adamianis uflebebi is ZiriTadi standartebia, romelTa gareSe adamianebi ver icxovreben Rirseulad. adamianis uflebebi yvela adamians Tanasworad, sayovelTaod da samudamod ekuTvnis. adamianis uflebebi xelSeuxebelia: adamians ver CamoerTmeva es uflebebi iseve, rogorc is, rom igi yovelTvis adamianad darCeba. adamianis uflebebi ganuyofelia: adamians ver CamoerTmeva ufleba imis gamo, rom is `naklebad mniSvnelovania~ an `ar aris arsebiTi~. adamianis uflebebi urTierTdamokidebulia: adamianis yvela ufleba urTierTSemavsebeli sistemis nawilia. magaliTad, Tqvens SesaZleblobasTan, monawileoba miiRoT Tqveni xelisuflebis muSaobaSi, uSualo kavSirSia Tqveni ufleba, gamoxatoT sakuTari Tavi, miiRoT ganaTleba da upirvelesi aucileblobis sagnebic ki. adamianis uflebebis idea aRmocenda bunebiTi uflebebis filosofiuri koncefciidan; zogi ar aRiarebs gansxvavebebs uflebaTa am or kategorias Soris da orives erT ramed aRiqvams, xolo sxvebi am or termins sxvadasxva mniSvnelobas aniWeben da is Tvisebebi, rac tradiciulad bunebiT uflebebs ukavSirdeba, ar asocirdeba adamianis uflebebTan.

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ras warmoadgens bunebiTi uflebebi? bunebiTi uflebebi sayovelTao uflebebia, romlebic yvela adamians ekuTvnis da ar aris damokidebuli adamianis qcevasa Tu Sexedulebebze. adamiani sazogadoebis wevri xdeba garkveuli ZiriTadi uflebebiT da arc erT mTavrobas ar SeuZlia CamoarTvas mas es uflebebi. bunebiTi uflebebis yvelaze adreuli asaxva moipoveba indur vedebSi, agamebsa da upaniSadebSi – teqstebSi, romlebic sami aTas welze meti xnis win daiwera. mas Semdeg bunebiTi uflebebi mniSvnelovani cnebaa im wignebSi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs msoflios ZiriTad religiebs. bibliac, Torac da yuranic qadageben yvela adamianis Tanasworobis, Rirsebisa da pasuxismgeblobis mniSvnelobas. bunebiTi uflebebis erT-erTi Teoria Camoyalibda ganmanaTleblobis periodis bunebiTi kanonidan mefeTa wminda uflebebis sawinaaRmdegod da iZleoda liberalizmis moralur dasabuTebas. individualizmis ideis gaZlierebasTan erTad, gansakuTrebiT me-17 saukuneSi, bunebriTi kanonebidan gamomdinare doqtrinebi Seicvala da xazgasmiT aRiniSna is faqti, rom individebs, vinaidan isini adamianebi arian, aqvT uflebebi, romlebic ar unda daarRvios romelime sxva adamianma an sazogadoebam. am doqtrinis, albaT, saukeTeso formulireba jon lokis (1632-1704) naSromebSia mocemuli. misi azriT, adamiani Tavisi bunebiT aris racionaluri da kargi da rom mas politikur sazogadoebaSi Semoaqvs igive uflebebi, romlebic cnobili iyo sazogadoebisTvis ufro adreul safexurebze. am uflebaTagan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba, sakuTari qveynis mTavrobaSi xmis ufleba da qonebis ufleba. bunebiTi uflebis Sinaarsi SeiZleba daupirispirdes iuridiul uflebas: bunebiTia ufleba, rodesac is arsebobs maSinac ki, roca ar aris miRebuli mTavrobis an mTlianad sazogadoebis mier, xolo iuridiuli ufleba warmoadgens iseT uflebas, romelic dadgenilia mTavrobis an sazogadoebis mier maTi wevrebis sasargeblod. damatebiTi literatura: Peter Jones: Rights, Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan, 1994.

Jeremy Waldron, ed: Theories of Rights, (Oxford Readings in Philosophy), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.

adamianis uflebebis arseboba, moqmedeba da Sinaarsi dResac debatebis sagania filosofiasa da politikur mecnierebaSi. samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT adamianis uflebebi saerTaSoriso samarTalsa da SeTanxmebebSi, aseve bevri qveynis Sidasaxelmwifoebriv kanonmdeblobaSia gansazRvruli. magram bevrisaTvis uflebebis doqtrina scdeba kanons da warmoadgens fundamentur moralur baziss Tanamedrove socialuri wesrigis regulirebisaTvis. aseTi adamianebisaTvis es demokratiuli idealebia.

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Cven yvelas gvWirdeba uflebebi da gvaqvs kidec isini. es uflebebi uzrunvelyofs Cvens arsebobas da ganviTarebas da xels uwyobs Cvens dacvas fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri Seuracxyofisa da Zaladobisagan. uflebebi gulisxmobs imasac, rom gvqondes SesaZlebloba, monawileoba miviRoT im sakiTxebSi, romlebic Cven gvexeba. uflebebi uzrunvelyofs, rom yvela adamians Tanasworad da samarTlianad moeqcnen. adamianis uflebebis damkvidrebis xelSewyoba da propagandireba niSnavs imis moTxovnas, rom yvela pativiscemiT moeqces da daicvas yvela adamianis Rirseba. magram uflebebs Tan pasuxismgeblobac axlavs: yovelma Cvenganma pativi unda sces sxva adamianebis uflebebs da marto sxvebisgan ar unda moiTxovos Tavisi uflebebis pativiscema.

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia 1945 wels msofliom Zlivs daaRwia Tavi meore msoflio oms, romelic pirvels 30 wliTac ki ar gvaSorebda. am omis dros umciresobaTa jgufebisa da samxedro tyveebis mimarT Cadenilma sazarelma sisastikeebma ubiZga msoflios qveynebis liderebs, CamoeyalibebinaT gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia mSvidobis, keTildReobisa da adamianis uflebebis dasacavad.

1948 wlis 10 dekembers gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generalurma asambleam miiRo da gamoaqveyna adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia. deklaraciaSi aRiarebuli iqna `Tandayolili Rirseba~ da `Tanaswori da ganuyofeli uflebebi~ adamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrisaTvis. masSi naTqvamia, rom `adamianis uflebaTa ugulebelyofam da abuCad agdebam gamoiwvia barbarosuli aqtebi ... da rom iseTi msoflios Seqmna, romelSic adamianebs eqnebaT sityvisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba da romelSic isini icxovreben SiSisa da gaWirvebis gareSe, gamocxadebulia adamianebis maRal miswrafebad~. deklaracia Sedgeba 30 muxlisagan, romlebSic gamoxatulia gaeros Sexeduleba yvela adamianisTvis garantirebul uflebebze. adamianis uflebaTa komisiis (romelmac moamzada deklaraciis teqsti) wevrma, elinor ruzveltma, ganacxada: `es ar aris xelSekruleba ... [momavalSi] igi SeiZleba gaxdes saerTaSoriso „didi qartia“ (Magna Carta…) 1995 wlis 5 oqtombers warmoTqmul sityvaSi papma ioane pavle II-m adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracias uwoda `adamianis sindisis erT-erTi yvelaze maRali gamoxatuleba TanamedroveobaSi.~ Tumca gaeroSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCma, jin kirkpatrikma, deklaracias `santa-klausisaTvis miwerili werili~ uwoda. misi TqmiT, `arc buneba, arc gamocdileba da arc albaToba ar acocxlebs `uflebebis~ am CamonaTvals, im uflebebisa, romlebic ar cnobs SezRudvebs, garda maTi avtorebis gonebiT da madiT dawesebulisa~ (konferenciis dokumenti: `adamianis uflebaTa sicocxlisunariani politikis Camoyalibeba~, 1981). yvelaze mniSvnelovan muxlebs Sorisaa:  muxli 1: `yvela adamiani ibadeba Tavisufali da Tanaswori Tavisi RirsebiTa da uflebebiT.~

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 muxli 3: sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.  muxli 5: wamebis an sastiki, araadamianuri Tu Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobisa Tu dasjis akrZalva.  muxli 18: azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba.  muxli 19: azrisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba.  muxli 26: ganaTlebis ufleba.

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis miRebis Semdeg gaeros generalurma asambleam yvela wevr qveyanas mouwoda, gamoeqveynebinaT deklaraciis teqsti da `ganepirobebinaT misi gavrceleba, wakiTxva da axsna skolebsa da sxva saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, ganurCevlad qveynebisa Tu teritoriebis politikuri statusisa~. ginesis `rekordebis wignSi~ adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia aRwerilia rogorc `dokumenti, romelic msoflioSi yvelaze met enaze iTargmna~. misi Targmani moipoveba 321 enasa da dialeqtze (2004 wlisaTvis). deklaraciis miRebas mohyva rigi mniSvnelovani SeTanxmebebisa, romlebic miznad isaxavda adamianis uflebebis damkvidrebas da dacvas. 1966 wels gaero-m miiRo samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti da ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti. am paqtebma maTi xelmomweri yvela saxelmwifosTvis savaldebulod aqcia adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi Camoyalibebuli uflebebis dacva. adamianis uflebebis ganviTarebaSi sxva mniSvnelovani nabijebi iyo Jenevis konvenciebi omis dros dasacavi wesebis Sesaxeb da konvencia rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb. unda gvaxsovdes, rom adamianis uflebebi jer kidev viTardeba. magaliTad, am bolo wlebSi garemos damcvelebi mogviwodebdnen adamianis uflebebis gafarToebas da maT ricxvSi sufTa da usafrTxo wylis misawvdomobaze adamianis sayovelTao uflebisa da garemosTan dakavSirebuli sxva uflebebis CarTvas.

uflebebis dacva me-20 saukunis ganmavlobaSi mravalma jgufma da moZraobam moaxerxa mniSvnelovani socialuri cvlilebebis miRweva adamianis uflebebis gansamtkiceblad. dasavleT evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSi profkavSirebma SemoiRes kanonebi, romlebic mSromelebs aZlevs gaficvis, minimaluri samuSao pirobebis dadgenis da bavSvTa Sromis akrZalvis an regulirebis uflebebs. qalTa uflebebis moZraobam mraval qals moupova arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba. erovnulganmaTavisuflebelma moZraobebma bevr qveyanaSi daamxo kolonialuri Zalebi. aqedan yvelaze gavlenian Zalas warmoadgenda mahaTma gandi, romelmac indoeTi gaaTavisufla britaneTis batonobisagan. rasobrivi Cagvris qveS myof adamianTa da religiur umciresobaTa moZraobebma warmatebas miaRwies msoflios mraval

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qveyanaSi. maT Soris iyo moZraoba samoqalaqo uflebebisTvis da, SedarebiT axlaxan, e.w. `identurobisa da politikis~ moZraobebi, romlebic ibrZodnen qalTa da umciresobaTa uflebebisTvis aSS-Si. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis mixedviT adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi irRveva maSin, rodesac:  rasobrivi, sarwmunoebrivi Tu sxva jgufis wevrebs arTmeven uflebas, aRiarebuli iyos `individad~ (me-2 da me-6 muxlebi);  mamakacebs da qalebs ar epyrobian Tanasworad (me-2 muxli);  gansxvavebuli rasobrivi Tu religiuri jgufis wevrebs ar epyrobian Tanasworad (me-2 muxli);  safrTxe eqmneba adamianis sicocxlis, xelSeuxeblobis uflebas (me-3 muxli);

Tavisuflebisa

da

piradi

 adamiani gayidulia monad an imyofeba ymobaSi (me-4 muxli);  uflebebis darRvevis msxverplT uars eubnebian samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtian saSualebaze (me-8 muxli);  adamianis mimarT sasjelis aRsruleba xdeba TviTneburad, saTanado da samarTliani sasamarTlo procesis Cautareblad (me-11 muxli);  saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi TviTneburad erevian adamianis pirad da ojaxur cxovrebaSi (me-12 muxli);  moqalaqeebs ekrZalebaT sakuTari qveynis datoveba an Tavis qveyanaSi dabruneba (me-13 muxli);  adamians uars eubnebian (me-18 da me-19 muxlebi);

sityvis

an

religiis

Tavisuflebaze

 adamians uars eubnebian profkavSirSi gaerTianebis uflebaze (23-e muxli);  adamians uars eubnebian ganaTlebis miRebis uflebaze (26-e muxli). adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia da mis mier aRwerili msoflios xedva daedo safuZvlad iseTi organizaciebis Camoyalibebas, rogorebicaa “amnesti interneiSenal~ da `hiuman raiTs uoC~, romlebic iRvwian adamianis uflebebis dacvisTvis da atareben farTo kampaniebs maTi darRvevis winaaRmdeg. isini amzadeben yovelwliur angariSebs TiToeul qveyanaSi adamianis `uflebebis mxriv arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. `amnesti interneiSenalis~ monacemebiT, Zalze cota qveyanaa iseTi, sadac ar xdeba adamianis uflebebis seriozuli darRveva. am organizaciis 2007 wlis `adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb angariSis~ mixedviT, dokumenturad aris dadasturebuli, rom 57 qveyanaSi arseboben politikuri, e.w. `sindisis patimrebi,~ da 102 qveyanaSi aRiniSna policiis, samxedro Tu usafrTxoebis samsaxurebis personalis mxridan wamebisa Tu sastikad mopyrobis SemTxvevebi.

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zogs sjera, rom adamianis uflebebis darRveva ufro xSiria diqtatorul saxelmwifoebSi, vidre demokratiulSi, vinaidan sityvisa da presis Tavisuflebis wyalobiT SesaZlebelia saxelmwifos mier Cadenili darRvevebis gamoaSkaraveba. magram adamianis uflebebi demokratiul qveynebSic irRveva. magaliTad, makfersonis angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom britaneTis policia instituciurad rasistul damokidebulebas amJRavnebda Savkaniani axalgazrdis, stiven lorensis sikvdilis SemTxvevaSi, xolo `amnesti interneiSenalma~ Tavis angariSebSi aSSs mier marTul guantanamos yuris banaks uwoda `skandaluri, adamianis uflebebis mxriv~. daaxloebiT 90 qveyanaSi daarsda adamianis uflebaTa erovnuli institutebi am qveynebSi adamianis uflebebis dacvis, xelSewyobisa Tu monitoringis mizniT.

Sefaseba imsjeleT adamianis uflebaTa cnebaze SerCeuli, Tanamedroveobis amsaxveli Temis konteqstSi.

damatebiTi literatura adamianis uflebaTa resurs-centri: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/background.shtm adamianis uflebaTa erovnuli institutebis forumi: http://www.nhri.net/ `amnesti interneiSenal~: http://www.amnesty.org/ `amnesti interneiSenalis~ 2006 wlis qveynebis angariSi: http://web.amnesty.org/report2006/index-eng `hiuman raiTs uoC~: http://www.hrw.org/ adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi: http://www.ohchr.org

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2. bavSvis uflebebi ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi    

ratom aris aucilebeli bavSvis uflebebis gamoyofa? gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba da bavSvTa uflebebi

`bavSvTa uflebebi~ aris adamianis uflebebi bavSvebisa da 18 wlamde adamianebisaTvis. im faqtis aRiarebis safuZvelze, rom bavSvoba Cveni cxovrebis gansakuTrebuli periodia, bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis uflebebis calke wyeba Camoyalibda. bavSvoba aris is dro, rodesac Cven aqtiurad vizrdebiT da vswavlobT, rodesac gvWirdeba sxva adamianebi, romlebic mogvivlian da usafrTxoebas mogvcemen, rodesac Cven unda gvqondes SesaZlebloba, udardelad vicxovroT. 1989 wels gaeroSi mividnen saerTo SeTanxmebamde, rom bavSvebs sWirdebaT sakuTari konvencia. bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis Camoyalibebul uflebaTa am calke wyebas gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia hqvia. konvenciaSi naTqvamia, rom 18 wlamde adamianebs aqvT masSi gaTvaliswinebuli yvela ufleba, miuxedavad maTi rasis, religiis Tu SesaZleblobebisa, ganurCevlad imisa, Tu ras fiqroben an amboben isini da ra tipis ojaxidan arian.

ra saWiroa bavSvTa uflebebis gamoyofa calke konvenciis saxiT? bavSvebi individebi arian: isini arc mSoblebis sakuTrebas warmoadgenen, arc saxelmwifosi da arc raime Camouyalibebeli arsebebi arian; maT adamianTa ojaxis Tanasworuflebiani wevrebis statusi aqvT. bavSvebi iwyeben cxovrebas, rogorc absoluturad damokidebeli arsebebi: isini mTlianad mSoblebis imedze arian kvebisa Tu aRzrdis TvalsazrisiT: es maT sWirdebaT imisaTvis, rom gaizardon da damoukidebelni gaxdnen. saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi aseT zrunvas bavSvi unda iRebdes misi ojaxis ufrosi wevrebisagan, magram, roca uSualo mzrunvelebs ar SeuZliaT bavSvis saWirobebis dakmayofileba, ukve sazogadoebam unda izrunos amis gamosworebaze. bavSvebi gansakuTrebiT daucvelni arian Seuracxyofisa da eqspluataciisgan: bavSvebi fizikurad ufro daucvelebi arian, vidre zrdasruli adamianebi. garda amisa, isini emociuradac gacilebiT mgrZnobiareni arian uaryofiTi STabeWdilebebis mimarT. fizikurma da fsiqikurma zewolam SeiZleba samudamo daRi daasvas bavSvs. msoflios mraval kuTxeSi bavSvebi ganicdian mZime eqspluatacias, rogorc muSebi an rogorc jariskacebi.

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mTavrobis moqmedeba an umoqmedoba ufro Zlier zemoqmedebas axdens bavSvebze, vidre sazogadoebis romelime sxva jgufze: samTavrobo politikis TiTqmis yvela sfero (magaliTad, ganaTleba Tu janmrTelobis dacva) garkveul zemoqmedebas axdens bavSvebze. windauxedavi politikuri gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic ar iTvaliswinebs bavSvebis problemebs, Zalze avnebs mTeli sazogadoebis momavals. bavSvebis azrs iSviaTad aqceven yuradRebas da iSviaTad iTvaliswineben politikur procesebSi: bavSvebi, Cveulebriv, ar iReben monawileobas arCevnebsa Tu politikur procesebSi. Tu ar movismenT maT azrebs – rogorc isini maT saxlSi, skolaSi an TavianT megobrebTan gamoxataven – verasodes gavigebT im mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, romlebic moqmedebs bavSvebis cxovrebaze axla an imoqmedebs momavalSi. mraval cvlilebas sazogadoebaSi bavSvebisTvis araproporciuli da xSirad uaryofiTi Sedegebi moaqvs: ojaxis Semadgenlobis Secvla, globalizacia, samuSao pirobebis cvlileba da socialuri SeRavaTebis Semcireba bevr qveyanaSi seriozul zegavlenas axdens bavSvebis cxovrebaze. amgvari cvlilebebis Sedegebi SeiZleba gansakuTrebiT damangreveli aRmoCndes SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis da sxva sagangebo situaciebis SemTxvevebSi. bavSvis jansaR ganviTarebas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs sazogadoebis momavlisTvis: vinaidan maTi zrdis procesi jer ar dasrulebula, bavSvebi gansakuTrebiT daucvelni arian (gacilebiT metad, vidre ufrosebi) cxovrebis iseTi cudi pirobebis mimarT, rogoricaa siRaribe, janmrTelobis araadekvaturi dacva, cudi kveba, sufTa wylis xelmiuwvdomeloba, cudi sacxovrebeli pirobebi da garemos dabinZureba. sxvadasxva avadmyofobis, cudi kvebisa da siRaribis Sedegebi safrTxes uqmnis bavSvebis da, aqedan gamomdinare, im sazogadoebis momavals, romelSic isini cxovroben. saxelmwifoebs Zalian Zvirad ujdebaT uyuradReboba bavSvebis mimarT: socialuri kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom bavSvobaSi miRebuli gamocdileba moqmedebs adamianis Semdgom ganviTarebaze, bavSvebis ganviTarebis msvleloba ki gansazRvravs im wvlils, romelsac isini Seitanen qveynis momaval cxovrebaSi.

bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia 1989 wlis 20 noembers gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam daamtkica bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia. dRes is saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebaa, romelsac qveynebi xels aweren da rodesac mis ratificirebas moaxdenen, maT iuridiulad moeTxovebaT konvenciis Sesruleba. es pirveli savalebulod Sesasrulebeli saerTaSoriso instrumentia, romelSic Sedis adamianis uflebebis mTeli speqtri. misi ratificireba msoflios yvela qveyanam moaxdina, garda somalis da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisa. somalim ratificireba imitom ver moaxerxa, rom mas ar hyavs aRiarebuli mTavroba, xolo aSS-m konvenciis xelmoweriT gvaCvena Tavisi ganzraxva, moexdina misi ratificreba, magram jer es ar gaukeTebia.

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konvenciis safuZvelze bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, dakmayofildes maTi ZiriTadi saWiroebebi: arseboba, dacva, janmrTelobis dacva, sakvebisa da wylis misawvdomoba. maT aseve aqvT ufleba, hqondeT sakuTari potencialis srulad ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba: es aris ganaTleba, TamaSi, sporti, sakuTari Sexedulebebis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da monawileoba im gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, romlebic maT exeba. konvenciaSi sagangebodaa naTqvami, rom yvela bavSvs erTi da igive uflebebi aqvs da rom yvela ufleba urTierTdakavSirebuli da Tanaswori mniSvnelobisaa. konvencia exeba aseve bavSvebis pasuxismgeblobas _ pativi scen sxva adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT maTi mSoblebis, uflebebs. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi 54 muxlia, romelTagan TiToeulSi gansazRvrulia gansxvavebuli ufleba. es uflebebi iyofa oTx jgufad: arseboba, dacva, ganviTareba da monawileoba. arsebobasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi aRiarebs bavSvis sicocxlis uflebas da uflebas, dakmayofilebul iqnes arsebobisTvis aucilebeli saWiroebebi. es aris kveba, sacxovrebeli, cxovrebis adekvaturi done da janmrTelobis dacvis misawvdomoba. ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi gansazRvravs imas, rac bavSvs sWirdeba misi potencialis srulad ganviTarebisTvis. es aris ganaTleba, dasveneba da Tavisufali dro, kulturuli saqmianoba, informaciis misawvdomoba da azris, sindisisa da religiuri rwmenis Tavisufleba. dacvasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi moiTxovs, rom bavSvebi dacul iqnen yovelgvari formis Seuracxyofis, ugulebelyofisa da eqspluataciisagan. es uflebebi exeba iseT sakiTxebs, rogorebicaa ltolvili bavSvebis sagangebo dacva, dacvis saSualebebi momuSave bavSvebisaTvis da im bavSvebis dacva da reabilitacia, romlebmac ganicades raime formis Zaladoba an eqspluatacia. monawileobasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi aRiarebs, rom yvela bavSvs unda mieces SesaZlebloba, aqtiuri roli Seasrulos Tavis Temsa da sazogadoebaSi. es uflebebi moicavs Sexedulebis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas da uflebas, saTanado yuradReba daeTmos bavSvis Sexedulebebs im sakiTxebSi, romlebic mis cxovrebaze axdens zemoqmedebas. bavSvis unarebis ganviTarebasTan erTad unda gaizardos bavSvisTvis SesaZlebloba, monawileoba miiRos sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi, raTa moemzados pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse zrdasruli cxovrebisaTvis. konvenciis 41 ZiriTadi muxlidan oTxs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba, vinaidan isini arsebiTia konvenciaSi gaTvaliswinebuli yvela uflebis xorcSesxmisaTvis. qvemoT CamoTvlilia es muxlebi, romlebic konvenciis `saerTo principebad~ aris cnobili: ď‚ˇď€ me-2 muxli: uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes konvenciaSi gaTvaliswinebuli yvela ufleba TiToeuli bavSvisTvis, nebismieri saxis diskriminaciis gareSe.

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 me-3 muxli: bavSvis mimarT nebismier qmedebaTa ganxorcielebisas upirvelesi yuradReba unda daeTmos bavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas.  me-6 muxli: yovel bavSvs aqvs sicocxlis, gadarCenisa da ganviTarebis ufleba.  me-12 muxli: bavSvis Sexedulebebs saTanado yuradReba unda daeTmos yvela im sakiTxSi, romlebic mis cxovrebaze axdens zemoqmedebas. am bolo wlebSi Seiqmna bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ori fakultatiuri oqmi:  fakultatiuri oqmi bavSvebiT vaWrobis, bavSvTa prostituciisa da bavSvTa pornografiis Sesaxeb, romelic miRebul iqna 2000 wlis 25 maiss, da  fakultatiuri oqmi SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi bavSvebis monawileobis Sesaxeb, romelic miRebuli iqna 2000 wlis 25 maiss. konvenciaSi gamoxatulia bavSvisa da bavSvobis cnebis axali xedva. bavSvebi arc TavianTi mSoblebis sakuTreba arian da arc qvelmoqmedebis ususuri obieqtebi. isini adamianebi arian, romlebsac sakuTari uflebebi aqvT. konvencia gvTavazobs xedvas bavSvisa, rogorc Zlieri, kompetenturi adamianis, ojaxisa da sazogadoebis wevrisa, romelsac aqvs misi asakisa da simwifis Sesabamisi uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi. bavSvTa uflebebis am saxiT aRiarebiT konvencia mTlianad bavSvze axdens koncentrirebas.

bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti im saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebma, romlebmac moaxdines konvenciis ratificireba, regularulad unda warudginon angariSi bavSvis uflebaTa komitets – eqspertebisgan Semdgar organos, romelic awarmoebs saxelmwifoTa mier konvenciis Sesrulebis monitorings. am angariSebSi asaxulia qveyanaSi bavSvTa uflebebis mxriv arsebuli mdgomareoba da miTiTebulia is zomebi, romlebsac saxelmwifo axorcielebs am uflebebis xorcSesasxmelad. saxelmwifoTa angariSebis ganxilvisas bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti mouwodebs qveynebis xelisuflebaTa yvela dones, isargeblon konvenciiT, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo principiT politikis SemuSavebasa da mis aRsrulebaSi. vinaidan adamianis uflebebis dacva Tavisi xasiaTiT usasrulo procesia, yovelTvis arsebobs raRac iseTi, rasac gaumjobeseba sWirdeba. bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli organos Seqmna da kiTxva, Tu ras niSnavs realurad bavSvTa uflebebi da rogor SeiZleba maTi saukeTeso gziT xorcSesxma, dRemde diskusiebis sagania. bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis xelSewyoba nawilobriv emyareba imis aRiarebas, rom bavSvebis daucvelobisa da, Sesabamisad, maTi sagangebo dacvis saWiroebis gaTviTcnobiereba ar uSlis xels imas, rom bavSvebi iCagrebodnen maT garSemo ufrosebis samyaroSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis Sedegad. bavSvebis mZime mdgomareobis mimarT TanagrZnoba xSirad iwvevs imas, rom

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bavSvebs aRiqvamen koleqtiurad da epyrobian rogorc qvelmoqmedebis obieqtebs da ara rogorc individuumebs, romelTac sakuTari unarebi, SesaZleblobebi, saWiroebebi da uflebebi aqvT. amis Sedegad bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi xSirad arapolitikurad miiCneva da verc gvardeba. bavSvTa uflebebis ZiriTadi principi is aris, rom sazogadoeba valdebulia, daakmayofilos bavSvis ZiriTadi saWiroebebi da uzrunvelyos daxmareba misi pirovnebis, niWisa da SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebisaTvis. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Seqmna asaxavs zogad wess, rom, rac ufro maRalia uflebebis gaTviTcnobierebis done, miT metia maTi garantirebis SesaZlebloba. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis wyalobiT bavSvebis uflebebi mkafiod, Tanmimdevrulad da yovlismomcveli saxiT aris Camoyalibebuli. bavSvTa uflebebis am saxiT gansazRvra maTi pativiscemisa da Sesrulebis winapirobaa.

Sefaseba gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetisaTvis Tqveni qveynis mier wardgenil erovnul angariSebze da komitetis mier am angariSebis ganxilvaze dayrdnobiT imsjeleT imaze, Tu ra meqanizmi arsebobs Tqvens qveyanaSi bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Sesrulebis monitoringisaTvis da ra gavlenas axdens is. damatebiTi literatura da resursebi `iunisefi~: bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia: http://www.unicef.org/crc/index_index.html bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/index.htm `bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli~ (CRIN) - bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia: http://www.crin.com/resources/treaties/CRC.asp?catName=International+Treaties&flag=legal&ID=6 `bavSvis uflebaTa aliansi~ _ bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia: http://www.childrensrights.ie/convention.php

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba da bavSvTa uflebebi bavSvis uflebebi garantirebulia, rogorc saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi aqtebiT (bavSvis uflebaTa deklaracia, bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanebTan mopyrobis wesebi (`pekinis wesebi~), gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis arasrulwlovanTa Soris damnaSaveobis profilaqtikis saxelmZRvanelo principebi (er-riadis wesebi); haagis konvencia bavSvis saerTaSoriso gatacebis samoqalaqo aspeqtebis Sesaxeb da sxva), aseve erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT. saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi (konvenciebi, damatebiTi oqmebi, paqtebi da sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi), romlebic saqarTvelos mier iqna ratificirebuli, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgenen.

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saqarTvelo bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias SeuerTda 1994 wels. konvenciis moTxovnaTa Tanaxmad saqarTvelo axorcielebs bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul debulebebs erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi. bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia warmoadgens saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas da saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo sistemis Semadgenel nawilad iTvleba. konvencia gamoiyeneba saqarTveloSi, rogorc uSualod moqmedi kanoni da saqarTvelos normatiul aqts warmoadgens. ufro metic, saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, Tu igi ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstitucias da konstituciur SeTanxmebas, aqvs upiratesi iuridiuli Zala Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi normatiuli aqtebis mimarT. es ki imas niSnavs, rom bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias upiratesi Zala aqvs saqarTvelos sxva kanonebis mimarT da is SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes uSualod. bavSvs (arasrulwlovans) iseTive uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi aqvs, rogorc srulwlovan adamians, zogierTi gamonaklisis garda (magaliTad. saarCevno ufleba). adamianis uflebebi, maT Soris bavSvis uflebaTa dacva, garantirebulia saqarTvelos konstituciis II TaviT. yvela ufleba, romelTa dacvac garantirebulia konstituciis meore TaviT, Seexeba bavSvis uflebaTa dacvas. konstituciiT daculia bavSvis sicocxlis ufleba, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba, sityvis Tavisufleba, Sekrebebis ufleba, sityvis, azris, sindisis, aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba, ganviTarebis ufleba, samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, ukanono dakavebisagan, wamebisagan dacvis ufleba da sxva. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT arasrulwlovania piri, romelsac ar miuRwevia 18 wlis asakisaTvis. samoqalaqo kodeqsis Tanaxmad (1997) arasrulwlovani piri aris uflebaunariani da 7 wlis asakidan CaiTvleba SezRudul qmedunarianad. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT srul qmedunarianad adamiani iTvleba 18 wlis asakidan, anu piri, romelic Tavisi nebiTa da moqmedebiT srulad axorcielebs Tavis sakuTar uflebebsa da movaleobebs. uflebaunarianoba pirs eniWeba dabadebis momentidan gardacvalebis momentamde. gamonakliss warmoadgens memkvidreobis ufleba, romelic pirs warmoeSoba Casaxvis momentidan da am uflebis realizacia damokidebulia bavSvis dabadebaze. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT srul qmedunarianad adamiani iTvleba 18 wlis asakidan.

uflebaunarianoba - fizikuri piris unari, hqondes samoqalaqo uflebebi da movaleobebi, warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan. qmedunarianoba - fizikuri piris unari, Tavisi nebiTa da moqmedebiT sruli moculobiT SeiZinos da ganaxorcielos samoqalaqo uflebebi da movaleobebi (qmedunarianoba), warmoiSoba srulwlovanebis miRwevisTanave.

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7 wlidan bavSvi SezRudul qmedunarianad aris aRiarebuli, rac imas niSnavs, rom mas ar SeuZlia sruli moculobiT SeiZinos da ganaxorcielos samoqalaqo uflebebi da movaleobebi. magaliTad, dados garigeba. 7 wlamde asakis bavSvi mcirewlovania da qmeduunaro. mis uflebebs axorcielebs meurve an mzrunveli.

meurveoba - meurveoba wesdeba bavSvze, romelsac ar miuRwevia Svidi wlis asakisaTvis an pirze, romelic sasamarTlos mier aRiarebulia qmeduunarod suliT avadmyofobis an Wkuasustobis gamo. mzrunveloba - mzrunveloba wesdeba arasrulwlovanze Svidi wlis asakidan Tvramet wlamde. mzrunveloba wesdeba agreTve srulwlovan qmedunarian pirze misi TxovniT, Tu mas Tavisi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo ar SeuZlia damoukideblad ganaxorcielos Tavisi uflebebi da Seasrulos Tavisi movaleobani. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmoadgens saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro an/da mis sistemaSi Semavali uflebamosili dawesebuleba (organizacia), agreTve maTi teritoriuli organoebi.

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi (1997) iTvaliswinebs or garemoebas, romlis drosac, gansazRvruli pirobebis arsebobisas, piri CaiTvleba emansipirebulad da utoldeba srulwlovan, srul qmedunarian pirs: 1. 16 wlis asaks miRweuli piris qorwineba; 2. kanonieri warmomadgenlis mier 16 wlis asaks miRweuli pirisaTvis sawarmos damoukideblad gaZRolis uflebis miniWeba. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT saqorwino asakad gansazRvrulia Tvrameti weli. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba qorwinebisas uSvebs gamonakliss. gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi Teqvsmeti wlis asakidan daqorwineba daiSveba mSoblebis an sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlebis winaswari werilobiTi TanxmobiT. Tanxmobaze mSoblebis an sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlebis uaris SemTxvevaSi pativsadebi mizezebis arsebobisas dasaqorwinebel pirTa gancxadebis safuZvelze daqorwinebis nebarTva SeuZlia gasces sasamarTlom. samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsisa da `moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad bavSvi dabadebisTanave iZens gvars, saxels da moqalaqeobas. saqarTvelos kanoni `moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb~ (1993) gansazRvravs bavSvis moqalaqeobis sakiTxs. bavSvi, romlis orive mSobeli misi dabadebis momentisaTvis saqarTvelos moqalaqea, saqarTvelos moqalaqed iTvleba dabadebis adgilis miuxedavad. 14-dan 18 wlamde bavSvis moqalaqeobis Secvla SeiZleba mxolod misi TanxmobiT. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-9 muxlis Tanaxmad yvela bavSvi unda izrdebodes ojaxSi da ar daSordes Tavis mSoblebs maTi survilis sawinaaRmdegod. es moTxovna Tavis asaxvas povebs saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi, romlis Tanaxmad `bavSvs aqvs ufleba, cxovrobdes da izrdebodes

bavSvTa uflebebi da Jurnalistika - saxelmZRvanelo studentebisaTvis

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ojaxSi~. Svilebis aRzrdis yvela sakiTxs mSoblebi urTierTSeTanxmebiT wyveten. mSobelTa SeuTanxmeblobis SemTxvevaSi sadavo sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo mSoblebis da arasrulwlovnis monawileobiT. bavSvis uflebebi daculia mSoblebis ganqorwinebis SemTxvevaSic. Tu ganqorwinebis gamo an sxva mizeziT bavSvis mSoblebi cal-calke cxovroben, maT SeTanxmebazea damokidebuli, Tu visTan icxovrebs arasrulwlovani Svili. meuRleTa Soris davis SemTxvevaSi am sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo bavSvis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. sasamarTloSi bavSvis uflebebs icavs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos mier daniSnuli bavSvis warmomadgeneli, romelic saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis dros bavSvis interesebs warmoadgens. kanonmdeblobiT daculia bavSvis qonebrivi uflebebic. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, bavSvis qonebriv uflebebis dacvas axorcielebs qonebis meurve. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mSobels, romelic sistematurad aridebs Tavs mSoblis movaleobis Sesrulebas da arajerovnad iyenebs mSoblis uflebebs – bavSvs uxeSad eqceva, masze uaryofiT gavlenas axdens Tavisi amoraluri saqcieliT, an qronikuli alkoholiki an narkomania, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT SeiZleba CamoerTvas mSoblis yvela ufleba da movaleoba. es SeiZleba moxdes, rogorc meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos iniciativiT, ise 14 wlis asaks miRweuli bavSvis moTxovniT. arasrulwlovans aqvs dacvis ufleba mSobelTa (sxva kanonier warmomadgenelTa) mxridan uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg. arasrulwlovnis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis darRvevisas, maT Soris, mSobelTa (erT-erTi mSoblis) mier bavSvis aRzrdasTan, ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli movaleobebis Seusruleblobis an arasaTanadod Sesrulebisas, an mSoblis uflebis borotad gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, arasrulwlovans ufleba aqvs, damoukideblad mimarTos meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebs, 14 wlis asakidan ki – sasamarTlos. samoqalaqo samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT, samoqalaqo saqmeebze davebis ganxilvisas daculia arasrulwlovanTa uflebebi. 7-dan 18 wlamde arasrulwlovanTa uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi. amasTanave, sasamarTlo valdebulia, aseT saqmeebSi Caabas TviT arasrulwlovnebic.

Tu arasrulwlovans kanoniT miniWebuli aqvs ufleba, TviTon, damoukideblad gankargos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvrilmani sayofacxovrebo garigebebi da a. S., mas ufleba aqvs sasamarTloSi piradad daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli interesebi, iyos mosarCele, mopasuxe an mesame piri. sasamarTlos SeuZlia, arasrulwlovanis SuamdgomlobiT an Tavisi iniciativiT, saqmeSi Caabas misi kanonieri warmomadgenelic. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovans 14 wlis asakidan ufleba aqvs, mimarTos sasamarTlos Tavisi uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dasacavad. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo niSnavs saproceso

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warmomadgenels da ganixilavs saqmes. arasrulwlovan mosarCeles ufleba aqvs, ar daeTanxmos Tavis saproceso warmomadgenels da TviTon daicvas sakuTari Tavi. sasamarTlo valdebulia aseT saqmeebze Caabas meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebi. samoqalaqo davebis ganxilvisas, 14 wlis asakamde mowmis dakiTxvisas, xolo sasamarTlos SexedulebiT 14-dan 18 wlis asakamde mowmis dakiTxvis drosac, SeiZleba mowveul iqnes pedagogi, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba moiwvion agreTve mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi an mzrunvelebi.

mosarCele - samoqalaqo procesSi fizikuri an iuridiuli piri, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos, arbitraJs an samediatoro sasamarTlos mopasuxis mier darRveuli Tu sadavod qceuli uflebis an kanonieri interesebis dasacavad. mopasuxe - samoqalaqo procesis an sameurneo davis erT-erTi mxare. mopasuxes pasuxs sTxovs sasamarTlo an arbitraJi mosarCelis im gancxadebis mixedviT, rom mopasuxem daarRvia an sadavo gaxada mosarCelis ufleba.

bavSvis konvenciis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, im SemTxvevebSic ki, rodesac bavSvs ar hyavs mSoblebi, is saxelmwifos dacvis qveS imyofeba. amave debulebas iziarebs saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba. kerZod, Tu napovnia bavSvi, romlis vinaoba, mSoblebis vinaoba da maTi adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo valdebulia ganaxorcielos yvela qmedeba bavSvisa da misi mSoblebis vinaobis dadgenisaTvis. Tu bavSvis da misi mSoblebis vinaoba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad ver dgindeba, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo valdebulia, miiRos zomebi bavSvis mosavlelad da mimarTos sasamarTlos bavSvis mitovebulad aRiarebisaTvis. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba icavs bavSvis interesebs gaSvilebisas. 10 wels miRweuli bavSvis gaSvileba misi Tanxmobi gareSe ar daiSveba. kanoni mkacrad icavs Svilad ayvanis konfidencialobis dacvis uflebas. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, dasjadia Svilad ayvanis saidumloebis gamJRavneba; piradi an ojaxuri saidumlos xelyofa. saqarTvelos kanoni `Svilad ayvanis da mindobis Sesaxeb~ (2010) erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs mindobasa da gaSvilebas.

mindobiT aRzrda (Svilobilad ayvana) – Svilobilad mindoba gulisxmobs saxelmwifosa da mimReb ojaxs Soris ormxrivi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze bavSvis aRsazrdelad ganTavsebas winaswar Seswavlil da SerCeul ojaxSi. am periodis manZilze biologiur ojaxs aqvs SesaZlebloba, iqonios mudmivi kontaqti bavSvTan, maTi ararsebobisas ki bavSvi 18 wlis asakidan Tavisufalia da ar aris damokidebuli mimReb ojaxze

bavSvTa uflebebi da Jurnalistika - saxelmZRvanelo studentebisaTvis

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Svilad ayvana – termini _ bavSvis Svilad ayvana niSnavs sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT bavSvis samudamod gadacemas ojaxisaTvis. Svilad ayvana samudamod cvlis bavSvis statuss. igi xdeba mSvilebeli mSoblebis gvaris matarebeli da maTi qonebis memkvidre. aseT SemTxvevaSi, biologiur ojaxTan yvela saxis kavSiri wydeba. gasaSvilebeli bavSvi – 18 wlamde asakis piri, romelic am kanoniT dadgenili wesiT aRricxulia gasaSvilebel bavSvTa da mSvilebelTa erTian reestrSi da akmayofilebs kanoniT dadgenil moTxovnebs (18 wlamde piri; romlis mSoblebi sasamarTlom aRiara ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad; mitovebuli bavSvi; oboli bavSvi; mSoblebis TanxmobiT gaSvilebuli piri; bavSvi, romlis mSoblebsac CamoerTva mSoblis ufleba) g) napovni bavSvi – 18 wlamde asakis piri, romlis aRmoCenis momentSi da am momentidan 6 kviris vadaSi ver dadginda misi an/da mSoblis (mSoblebis) vinaoba, mis mitovebul bavSvad aRiarebamde; d) mitovebuli bavSvi – 18 wlamde asakis piri, romlis aRmoCenis momentSi da am momentidan 6 kviris vadaSi ver dadginda misi an/da mSoblis (mSoblebis) vinaoba da romelic saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT aRiarebul iqna mitovebulad. mindobiT aRsazrdelad gadacemuli bavSvi - mSoblebs CamoerTvaT an SeuCerdaT mSoblis uflebebi da movaleobebi da bavSvi unda ganTavsdes Tavisi ojaxis gareT. Tu mSoblis ufleba, gadawyvitos, visTan icxovros misma Svilma, SezRudulia da bavSvi unda ganTavsdes Tavisi ojaxis gareT; Tu bavSvis datoveba meurvesTan an mzrunvelTan misgan damoukidebeli mizezebiT bavSvisTvis sazianoa; Tu Svilis CamorTmeva xdeba mSoblis uflebebisa da movaleobebis CamorTmevis an SezRudvis gareSe.

amave kanoniT, bavSvi, Tu man miaRwia 10 wels an 10 welze meti asakisaa, ar eTanxmeba Svilad ayvanas (gaSvilebaze) an mindobiT aRzrdas, ar SeiZleba iqnes gaSvilebuli, aseve akrZalulia 10 wlis an 10 welze meti asakis bavSvis gaSvileba misi Tanxmobis gareSe. dauSvebelia da-Zmis, debis an/da Zmebis daSoreba, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac es Seesabameba maT interesebs. mSvileblisa da gasaSvilebeli bavSvis (Tu igi 10 wlisaa an 10 welze metisaa) moTxovniT sasamarTlo sxdoma SeiZleba iyos Ria, xolo informacia - sajaro. Tu naSvilebi 10 wlisaa an 10 welze metisaa, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba dasaSvebia mxolod naSvilebis TanxmobiT. gaSvilebisas an mindobisas SesaZleblobis farglebSi uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes bavSvis axlo eTnikur, religiur da kulturul garemoSi aRzrdis SesaZlebloba. bavSvis janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba da am sferoSi misi nebis pativiscema aisaxa saqarTvelos sxvadasxva sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi: saqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb; pacientis uflebaTa Sesaxeb; organoTa gadanergvis Sesaxeb da sxva. arasrulwlovan pacientTa uflebebi yvelaze kargad vlindeba saqarTvelos kanonSi `pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb~ (2000), romelic arasrulwlovan pacientebs iseTsave uflebebs aniWebs, rogorc srulwlovans, garda im specifikuri SemTxvevebisa, rodesac Tavisi asakis gamo, pacienti mometebul

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yuradRebas saWiroebs. magaliTad, informirebuli samedicino manipulaciisas.

Tanxmobis micema raime

kanonmdebeli did yuradRebas uTmobs arasrulwlovnis janmrTelobis Sesaxeb informaciis dacvas. mSoblebs an kanonier warmomadgenlebs arasrulwlovanis janmrTelobis Sesaxeb informacia ar miewodeba, Tu informaciis miwodebis winaaRmdegia TviT qmedunariani arasrulwlovani pacienti, aseve 14-dan 18 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovani pacienti, romelic samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevis SexedulebiT sworad afasebs sakuTari janmrTelobis mdgomareobas da romelmac eqims mimarTa sqesobrivad gadamdebi daavadebis an narkomaniis mkurnalobis, kontracefciis araqirurgiuli meTodebis Sesaxeb konsultaciis miRebis an orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis mizniT. 14-dan 18 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovan pacients, romelic samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevis SexedulebiT sworad afasebs sakuTari janmrTelobis mdgomareobas, ufleba aqvs ganacxados informirebuli Tanxmoba samedicino momsaxurebaze, Tu man samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevs mimarTa sqesobrivad gadamdebi daavadebis an narkomaniis mkurnalobis, kontracefciis araqirurgiuli meTodebis Sesaxeb konsultaciis miRebis an orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis mizniT. saqarTvelos kanoni `fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ (2006) gansazRvravs iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac arasrulwlovani uars ambobs mkurnalobaze. arasrulwlovans gaaCnia mkurnalobaze uaris Tqmis ufleba, Tu aqvs unari, miiRos gacnobierebuli gadawyvetileba. bavSvis uflebebis dacva garantirebulia saqarTvelos kanoniT `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ (2005). kanonis Tanaxmad, moswavles aqvs ufleba: Tanabar pirobebSi, diskriminaciis gareSe, dadgenili wesiT, saskolo dros an skolis teritoriaze isargeblos am TaviT daculi da skolis mier aRiarebuli yvela uflebiTa da TavisuflebiT, agreTve skolis yvela resursiT; saxelmwifo icavs moswavlis da mSoblis saganmanaTleblo arCevanis Tavisuflebas. moswavle daculi unda iyos arasaTanado mopyrobis, uyuradRebobisa da Seuracxyofisagan; sakuTari uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis Sesaxeb codnis ufleba. moswavleebs aqvT ufleba, flobdnen informacias TavianTi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis, agreTve maTi SezRudvis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb. skola valdebulia, yovel axal moswavles gaacnos misi uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi; uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis SezRudvisas moswavles gonivrul vadaSi ganumartos SezRudvis safuZveli, moswavles ki aqvs ufleba, piradad an arCeuli warmomadgenlis meSveobiT monawileoba miiRos skolis marTvaSi, miiRos skolaSi arsebuli nebismieri informacia, garda piradi saidumloebis Semcveli informaciisa; moiTxovos da miiRos skolis mier masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxis gadawyvetileba, moiTxovos misi azris mosmena da monawileoba miiRos ganxilvaSi uSualod an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. `bavSvTa da axalgazrduli kavSirebis saxelmwifoebrivi mxardaWeris Sesaxeb“ (1999) saqarTvelos kanoniT daculia bavSvebis mier Seqmnil sxvadasxva saxis

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organizaciebi _ bavSvTa kavSirebi. bavSvTa kavSiri aris saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gansazRvruli wesiT Seqmnili arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piri, romlis sadamfuZneblo dokumentaciiT gansazRvruli saqmianobis mizania bavSvTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvis, maTi niWisa da unaris ganviTarebisa da sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebisaTvis xelis Sewyoba. bavSvTa kavSirSi gawevrianebisa da sadamfuZneblo dokumentaciiT gansazRvrul saqmianobaSi monawileobis ufleba aqvs nebismier pirs 7 wlis asakidan, Tavisi kanonieri warmomadgenlis TanxmobiT. saqarTvelos kanoniT `reklamis Sesaxeb~ (1998) daculia arasrulwlovnis uflebebi. kerZod, reklamis warmoebis, ganTavsebisa da gavrcelebis dros arasrulwlovanTa gulubryvilobisa da gamoucdelobis borotad gamoyenebisagan maTi dacvis mizniT akrZalulia: a) arasrulwlovanTa STagoneba _ daarwmunon mSoblebi an sxva pirebi reklamirebuli saqonlis SeZenaSi; b) arasrulwlovanTa yuradRebis mipyroba imaze, rom reklamirebuli saqonlis floba upiratesobas aniWebs maT sxva arasrulwlovanTa mimarT, xolo misi uqonloba iwvevs sawinaaRmdego efeqts; g) reklamaSi iseTi teqstis, audio- da videoinformaciis moTavseba, romlebic aCvenebs arasrulwlovnebs saSiS adgilas da saSiS viTarebaSi; d) arasrulwlovanTaTvis saqonlis gamosayeneblad saWiro Cvevebis aucilebeli donis gauTvaliswinebloba. amasTan, Tu saqonlis gamoyenebis Sedegebi naCvenebi an aRwerilia, reklama unda iZleodes informacias imis Sesaxeb, risi miRwevac realurad SesaZlebelia im asakobrivi jgufis arasrulwlovanTaTvis, romlisTvisac gankuTvnilia es saqoneli; e) arasrulwlovanTaTvis saqonlis Rirebulebaze (fasze) ararealuri (damaxinjebuli) warmodgenis Seqmna, kerZod, sityvebis `mxolod~, `sul raRac~ da maT msgavsTa gamoyenebiT, agreTve pirdapiri an iribi miTiTebiT imaze, rom reklamirebuli saqoneli xelmisawvdomia yvela ojaxis biujetisaTvis. saqarTvelos kanoni `mavne zegavlenisagan arasrulwlovanTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ (2001) gulisxmobs dacvas im mavne zegavlenisagan, romelic dakavSirebulia alkoholuri sasmelebis da Tambaqos momxmareba-gasaRebasTan, azartul TamaSobebSi monawileobasTan, iseT filmebis CvenebasTan, nabeWdi produqciis moxmareba-gasaRebasTan, romelmac SeiZleba ziani miayenos arasrulwlovnis fsiqikur an/da fizikur janmrTelobas, mis moralur da socialur ganviTarebas. analogiur akrZalvas Seicavs saqarTvelos kanoni `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ (2004), romlis mixediTac ikrZaleba bavSvTa da mozardTa fizikur, gonebriv da zneobriv ganviTarebaze mavne zegavlenis momxdeni programebis im dros ganTavseba, roca maT mier am programebis naxvis an mosmenis didi albaToba arsebobs. arasrulwlovanTa SromiTi uflebebis dacvis garantiebi Camoyalibebulia saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsSi (2006). saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba zogadad iTvaliswinebs Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciisa (ILO) da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis rezoluciebsa da standartebs.

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saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT samuSaoze miRebis minimaluri asakia 16 weli. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT ar aris akrZaluli 16 wlamde arasrulwlovanis dasaqmeba, magram kanonmdebeli miuTiTebs im pirobebze, romelic unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli arasrulwlovanis dasaqmebisas: kanonieri warmomadgenlis an mzrunvelobis/meurveobis organos Tanxmoba; rodesac ‌ SromiTi urTierTobebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba arasrulwlovanis interesebs; zians ar ayenebs mis zneobriv, fizikur da gonebriv ganviTarebas; ar uzRudavs mas savaldebulo dawyebiTi da sabazo ganaTlebis miRebis uflebas da SesaZleblobas. 14 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovanTan SesaZlebelia SromiTi xelSekrulebis dadeba, magram mxolod sportul, xelovnebasTan dakavSirebul da kulturis sferoSi saqmianobaze, aseve sareklamo samuSaos Sesasruleblad. akrZalulia arasrulwlovanTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis dadeba saTamaSo biznesTan, Ramis gasarTob dawesebulebebTan, erotikuli da pornografiuli produqciis, farmacevtuli da toqsikuri nivTierebebis damzadebasTan, gadazidvasTan da realizaciasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad. arasrulwlovanis kanonier warmomadgenels an mzrunvelobis/meurveobis organos ufleba aqvT moiTxovon arasrulwlovanTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis moSla, Tu muSaobis gagrZeleba zians miayenebs arasrulwlovnis sicocxles, janmrTelobas an sxva, mniSvnelovan interesebs.

Sromis kodeqsiT akrZalulia arasrulwlovanTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis dadeba mZime, mavne da saSiSpirobebiani samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad. SromiTi kodeqsi zRudavs arasrulwlovnis 22 saaTidan 6 saaTamde dasaqmebas. bavSvis uflebebis dacvis meqnizmebi Cadebulia saqarTvelos kanonSi `ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverlTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ (2006). ojaxSi Zaladoba gulisxmobs ojaxis erTi wevris mier meoris konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRvevas fizikuri, fsiqologiuri, ekonomikuri, seqsualuri ZaladobiT an iZulebiT.

kanonis Tanaxmad, bavSvis mimarT fizikuri Zaladobis kvalis arsebobisas kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda moxdes bavSvis misi mSoblebisagan gancalkeveba. sasamarTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebamde droebiTi RonisZiebis saxiT damcavi orderis safuZvelze xdeba bavSvis gancalkeveba moZalade mSoblisagan. sasamarTlo gansazRvravs moZalade mSoblis mier bavSvis monaxulebis vadebs. am drosac kanoni mkacrad icavs bavSvis usafrTxoebas. mSobels bavSvis monaxulebis ufleba SeiZleba mieces mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca mis mimarT daculi iqneba usafrTxoebis yvela zoma, romelic SeiZleba moicavdes bavSvis monaxulebis adgils, dros, periodulobas, xangrZlivobas da pirs, romelic pasuxismgebelia bavSvis usafrTxoebis moTxovnebis dacvaze. Tu bavSvis mimarT usafrTxoebis zomebi daculi ar aris, moZalade mSoblis mier bavSvis monaxulebis ufleba izRudeba.

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2010 wlis martidan funqcionirebs “bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis procedurebi”, romelic sami saministros – Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro – koordinaciis meqanizms warmoadgens da miznad isaxavs bavSvis mimarT Zaladobis faqtebis adreul etapze gamovlenasa da maTze reagirebas. ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtze operatiuli reagirebisaTvis uflebamosili organos mier msxverplis dacvisa da moZaladis garkveuli moqmedebebis SezRudvis uzrunvelsayofad, droebiTi RonisZiebis saxiT, SesaZlebelia, gamoices Semakavebeli an damcavi orderi.

damcavi orderi aris pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) mier administraciuli samarTalwarmoebis wesiT gamocemuli aqti, romliTac ganisazRvreba ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi Zaladobis msxverplis dacvis droebiTi RonisZiebebi, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac arsebobs sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis aRZvris safuZveli da pirs aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT Sefardebuli aqvs patimroba. moZaladis mier damcavi orderiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Seusrulebloba iwvevs sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas.

Semakavebeli orderi aris policiis uflebamosili TanamSromlis mier gamocemuli aqti, romliTac ganisazRvreba ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi Zaladobis msxverplis dacvis droebiTi RonisZiebebi da romelic gamocemidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi dasamtkiceblad waredgineba sasamarTlos. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 32-e muxli krZalavs bavSvis monuri Sromis gamoyenebas. analogiuri akrZalva mocemulia `transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg~ gaeros konvenciisa da misi damatebiTi oqmi `adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis, trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis Sesaxeb~, romlis monawilec 2006 wlidan saqarTveloc gaxda.

trefikingi (adamianiT vaWroba) - adamianis yidva an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve muqariT, ZaladobiT an iZulebis sxva formiT, motacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTobiT, motyuebiT, umweo mdgomareobis an Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebiT, sazRauris anda sargeblis micemis an miRebis gziT im piris Tanxmobis misaRwevad, romelsac sxva pirze zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia, adamianis gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT. arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi) - arasrulwlovnis yidva an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve misi gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.

trefikingis msxverpl bavSvTa uflebebis dacva xorcieldeba transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis oqmiT adamianebis,

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gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis, trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa da dasjis, agreTve `adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb~ evropis sabWos konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis meqanizmebiT da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier miRebuli saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebiT. am dokumentebis safuZvelze. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi gaTvaliswinebulia specialuri muxlebi – adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi); arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi); adamianis vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverlis (dazaralebulis) momsaxurebiT sargebloba. saqarTveloSi moqmedebs specialuri kanoni `adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb� (2006), romliTac daculia bavSvis uflebebi. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba yuradRebas uTmobs kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi mozardisadmi efeqtur, samarTlian da humanur damokidebulebas da cdilobs, erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi daamkvidros saerTaSoriso standartebi am sferoSi. adaministraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsiT administraciuli pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis momentisaTvis Teqvsmeti wlis asaks miRweul pirebs. magaliTad, metropoliteniT sargeblobis wesebis darRveva; wvrilmani xulignoba an xulignoba, Cadenili ToTxmetidan Teqvsmet wlamde mozardis mier, wvrilmani qurdoba da sxva. administraciuli patimroba ar SeiZleba SeefardoT Tvrameti wlis asaks miuRwevel pirebs. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi uxvad Seicavs arasrulwlovanTa uflebebis dacviT normebs. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis saqarTveloSi arsebuli sistemis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ixileT me-2 TavSi.

gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da bavSvis uflebebis dacva qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi saqarTvelos konstituciis 24-e muxli aRiarebs informaciisa da ideebis daubrkoleblad gavrcelebisa da miRebis uflebas, Tumca SezRudvis erTerT kriteriumad adgens sxva pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvas.

Sesabamisad, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is laxavs bavSvis konstituciiT dacul sxva uflebebs da winaaRmdegobaSi modis bavSvis konstituciiT dacul interesebTan. imTaviTve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba gansxvavebul wesebs udgens samauwyeblo (tele- da radiomauwyebloba) mediasa da presas. samauwyeblo medias gacilebiT meti regulacia da valdebulebebi aqvs, misi zemoqmedebis SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare.1 bavSvTa uflebebis dacvas mediaSi iTvaliswinebda kanoni `mavne zegavlenisagan arasrulwlovanTa dacvis Sesaxeb~. 2004 wlis 23 dekembris cvlilebebis Tanaxmad 1

ra Tqma unda, regulaciebi marto gavlenis SesaZlebelobebidan ar aris ganpirobebuli. mnSvnelovania amowurvadi resursebiT sargblobac, Tumca gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania swored es sakiTxi, ris gamoc moxda masze aqcentireba.

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aRniSnuli funqcia srulad gadavida komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis regulirebis sferoSi da mas daevala `mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis miReba~, romliTac dadgindeboda bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis savaldebulo wesebi. swored is faqti, rom arasrulwlovanTa interesebis dacva mediaSi gaTvaliswinebulia mxolod da mxolod `mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsSi~, ganapirobebs mis savaldebuloobas mauwyeblebis da ara presis mimarT. presis mimarT vrceldeba is zogadi kriteriumebi da moTxovnebi, rac dadgenilia konstituciiTa da kanoniT `sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb~. magaliTad, yalbi faqtebis, Seuracxmyofeli masalebis gavrcelebiT, sxva pirovnuli uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi dainteresebul pirs SesaZlebloba aqvs, dava awarmoos sasamarTloSi media saSualebis winaaRmdeg. aRniSnuli imas gulisxmobs, rom presas SeuZlia imoqmedos sakuTari eTikuri standartebis Sesabamisad, winaswar kanoniT dadgenili wesebis gareSe, xolo dainteresebul pirs2 aqvs post-faqtum reagirebis ufleba. gansxvavebul mdgomareobaSia samauwyeblo media. Jurnalistebis mier arasrulwlovanTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis savaldebulo wesebs adgens saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis 2009 wlis 12 martis dadgenilebiT damtkicebuli `mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis~ me-11 Tavi. qcevis kodeqsi adgens im winaswar kriteriumebs, rac savaldebulod unda gaiTvaliswinos mauwyebelma. magaliTad, sabavSvo gadacemebis gaSveba gansazRvrul dros, savaraudo auditoriis winaswar gansazRvra. arasrulwlovnebze mavne zegavlenis Tavidan acilebis mizniT filmebze gamoiyeneba Sesabamisi specialuri SemzRudavi niSani. gansakuTrebulad SezRudulia uxamsi da Zaladobis amsaxveli masalebis gaSveba eTerSi im dros, rodesac, savaraudod, didia arasrulwlovanTa auditoria. aseve akrZalulia maTTvis gankuTvnil gadacemebSi Seuracxmyofeli leqsikis gamoyeneba. arasrulwlovanTa interesebis dacvis TavlsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba akisria sazogadoebriv mauwyebels, romelic `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ kanonis3 Tanaxmad valdebulia, programebSi asaxos asakobrivi mravalferovneba da, aseve, bavSvTa da mozardTa interesebis Sesabamisi proporciiT ganaTavsos sabavSvo programebi. sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis sameurveo sabWos mier datkicebul 2010 wlis samoqmedo gegmaSi gansakuTrebulad aris gamoyofili bavSvTa interesebis gaTvaliswineba. sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis erT-erTi prioritetia `sabavSvo da axalgazrduli programebi yvela asakobrivi (skolamdeli, umcrosi saskolo, ufrosi saskolo, studentebi) jgufisaTvis~.4

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am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba bavSvi da misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli. ix. saqarTvelos kanoni `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ muxli 16. www.gpb.ge

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3. bavSvis uflebebi da media ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi     

mediis gavlena axalgazrdebze bavSvebis asaxva mediaSi mediis mier bavSvebis eqspluatacia bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi mediis mxridan bavSvze zemoqmedebis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi

`oslos gamowveva~ 1999 wlis noemberSi mediaproeqtebSi Cabmuli axalgazrdebi, mediis profesionalebi da bavSvis uflebaTa eqspertebi Seikribnen norvegiis dedaqalaq osloSi, raTa ganexilaT, Tu ra rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia medias bavSvis uflebebis ganviTarebaSi msoflio masStabiT. msjeloba moicavda xuT Temas:  bavSvis ufleba, xeli miuwvdebodes mediaze, maT Soris axal mediaze;  bavSvis ufleba, miiRos codna da Seiqmnas warmodgena mediasTan dakavSirebiT;  bavSvis ufleba, monawileoba miiRos mediaSi;  bavSvis ufleba, daculi iyos mediiT miyenebuli zianisgan da ekranze arsebuli Zaladobisgan;  mediis roli bavSvis uflebebis dacvasa da xelSewyobaSi. am ganxilvebis safuZvelze gaCnda `oslos gamowveva~, romelic aRiarebda, rom `bavSvebsa da medias Soris urTierToba aris kari bavSvebis da maTi uflebebis did da mravalsaxovan samyaroSi – ganaTlebis, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis, TamaSis, identobis, janmrTelobis, Rirsebis da sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis, dacvis samyaroSi – da rom media garkveul rols TamaSobs bavSvis uflebebis yvela aspeqtSi, bavSvis cxovrebis yovel elementSi~. `oslos gamowveva~ moqmedebisken mowodebaa. igi yvelas miswvda, vinc bavSvebisa da mediis rTuli urTierTobis kvleviT, ganviTarebiT da monitoringiT aris dakavebuli da monawileobs amaSi: mTavrobebi, organizaciebi da kerZo pirebi, romlebic bavSvebis sakiTxebze muSaoben, mediis profesionalebi yvela doneze da yvela media saSualebaSi, kerZo seqtori, maT Soris mediis mflobelebi, bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi, mSoblebi, maswavleblebi da mkvlevrebi (`iunisefis~ vebgverdi www.unicef.org/magic am mowodebaze gamoxmaurebaa – aq mocemulia mTeli msoflios bavSvebis mier bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebis monawileobiT Seqmnili mediaproeqtebi, sxva bmulebTan da informaciasTan erTad). gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ramdenime ZiriTadi muxli exeba mediisa da bavSvebis sakiTxebs. bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma sami ZiriTadi sakiTxi gamoyo gansaxilvelad:

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 mediis saSualebebiT bavSvis warmoCenis gaumjobeseba;  bavSvebis waxaliseba, rom aqtiurad miiRon mediaSi monawileoba;  bavSvebis dacva mediis mavne zemoqmedebisgan. konvenciis me-17 muxli ganmartavs mediis mniSvnelovan rols informaciis gavrcelebaSi da ganusazRvravs monawile saxelmwifoebs konkretul amocanebs, rac farTo gagebiT xels uwyobs bavSvis keTildReobas. igulisxmeba, rom saxelmwifoebi `aRiareben masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa mniSvnelovan rols~ da `uzrunvelyofen bavSvisaTvis sxvadasxva erovnuli da saerTaSoriso wyaroebiT gavrcelebuli informaciisa da masalebis xelmisawvdomobas, gansakuTrebiT iseTi informaciis da masalebisa, romlebic mimarTulia bavSvis socialuri, sulieri da moraluri keTildReobisaken, agreTve jansaRi fizikuri da fsiqikuri ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaken.~ konvenciis me-12 muxli aRiarebs bavSvis uflebas, gamoxatos Tavisi Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba. me-13 muxli amkvidrebs gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas: `es ufleba moicavs Tavisuflebas, miuxedavad sazRvrebisa, moiZios, miiRos an gaavrcelos nebismieri saxis informacia an mosazrebebi zepirad, werilobiT an beWdviTi formiT, xelovnebis saxiT an nebismieri sxva saSualebiT sakuTari arCevanisamebr.~ es muxlebi emsaxureba ara marto kargad informirebuli moqalaqis Camoyalibebas, aramed imasac, rom axalgazrdebis xma ufro xSirad ismodes masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT. igi iZleva mkafio gzavnils, rom bavSvebi unda iyvnen saainformacio revoluciis rogorc monawileebi, ise beneficiarebi. ukanaskneli ori aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi, kerZod, masobrivi informaciis axali saSualebebisa da internetis gavrcelebis Semdeg, bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis mediis sakiTxma globaluri mniSvneloba SeiZina. zogierTma dainteresebulma mxarem daiwyo bavSvis uflebebis realizeba mediis saSualebiT – magaliTad, imis uzrunvelyofiT, rom axalgazrduli auditoriisTvis xelmisawvdomi iyos maRalxarisxovani Sinaarsis media, gaismodes axalgazrdebis xma da bavSvebis Sesaxeb sakiTxebi eTikurad Suqdebodes.

mediis gavlena axalgazrdebze mravali kvlevaa Catarebuli bavSvebze mediis _ maT Soris mediaSi Zaladobis asaxvis _ zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb. rogorc zogierTi eqsperti, magaliTad, miCiganis universitetis profesori l. rouel hiusmani (2000) amtkicebs, 50-wliani dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom `Zaladoba mediaSi zrdis bavSvebis agresiulobas da es wlebis Semdeg iCens Tavs, rodesac isini zrdasrul asaks aRweven.~ Tumca sxvebi, maT Soris jonaTan fridmani torontos universitetidan, amtkiceben, rom `samecniero monacemebi ar adasturebs, rom Zaladobis naxva Zaladobas warmoSobs an mis mimarT ugrZnobs xdis adamians.~ mediis gavrceleba da globalizacia Tanamedrove axalgazrduli kulturis erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli faqtoria. bevr qveyanaSi axalgazrdebs gacilebiT

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metad miuwvdebaT xeli multimediis saSualebebze, vidre adre – es aris tradiciuli, satelituri da sakabelo televiziis arxebi; radiosadgurebi; gazeTebi da Jurnalebi; interneti, kompiuteri da videoTamaSebi. dRes ucxouri programebi da media bevrad ufro xelmisawvdomia. msoflios bevr qveyanaSi naklebia oficialuri cenzura da kontroli. informaciis, eleqtronuli fostis da fotoebis gacvla msoflioSi dRes ufro swrafad da Tavisuflad xdeba, vidre odesme. amitom ganxiluli unda iqnes, rogorc bavSvebis mediaSi monawileobis, ise mavne zegavlenisagan maTi dacvis sakiTxebi.

bavSvebis asaxva mediaSi mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva did gavlenas axdens bavSvebisa da bavSvobis mimarT damokidebulebaze da mniSvnelovnad moqmedebs bavSvebis mimarT mozrdilTa qcevaze. mediis saSualebiT mowodebuli aRwera misabaZ magaliTad iqceva axalgazrdebisTvis da zemoqmedebas axdens maT poziciasa da molodinze. is, Tu rogor xdeba bavSvebis warmodgena mediis mier, an sulac maTi ignorireba, gavlenas axdens bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT miRebul gadawyvetilebebze da sazogadoebis danarCeni nawilis damokidebulebaze maT mimarT. media xSirad bavSvebs ise aRwers, rogorc pasiur, utyv `msxverplebs.~ bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis SesaZleblobis micemiT, Tavad ilaparakon TavianT imedebze, SiSebsa Tu miRwevebze, aseve maT cxovrebaze ufrosebis qcevis zemoqmedebaze, mediis profesionalebs SeuZliaT Seaxsenon sazogadoebas, rom bavSvebi iseve imsaxureben pativiscemas, rogorc yvela adamiani.

Jurnalistebis saerTaSoriso federaciis informaciiT, mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva amkvidrebs mTel rig miTebs:  ganviTarebadi qveynebis ojaxebi, Rataki bavSvebi, agreTve omisa da sxvadasxva ubedurebis msxverplebi kargaven individualobas da humanurobas. maT xSirad aCveneben rogorc umweo tanjulebs, romlebsac ar SeuZliaT moqmedeba, fiqri an laparaki;  bavSvebis problemebis gaSuqebisas arsebobs tendencia, rom fokusireba moxdes sensaciur ambebze, xolo mravalricxovani problemebi, romlebic bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSia gansazRvruli, uyuradRebod rCeba;  xSirad mediaSi erTjeradi reportaJebia bavSvebis Sesaxeb, rasac ar mohyveba analizi da Semdgomi moqmedeba;  konfidencialurobas bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT yovelTvis ar uweven angariSs;  axal ambebSi bavSvebs xSirad stereotipulad warmoaCenen, magaliTad: `afrikeli moSimSile bavSvebi~ da `upasuxismgeblo Tineijerebi.~ dominirebs ambebi bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaze, arasrulwlovanTa damnaSaveobaze, quCis bavSvebze, maSin, rodesac bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sxva problemebi, rogoricaa TamaSis, dasvenebisa da sportis ufleba, ar aris miCneuli axali ambebisTvis saintereso siuJetad. amis Sedegad iqmneba daubalansebeli STabeWdileba, rom bavSvebi an `msxverplebi~

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arian, an saxifaTo `SfoTisTavebi.~ 1998 wels britanuli organizacia `Cildrenz eqspresi~ romelic saSualebas aZlevs bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs, monawileoba miiRon mediis saqmianobaSi, Tavad weron da redaqtireba gaukeTon reportaJebs, monitorings uwevda erovnuli gazeTebis Sinaarss erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi. mkvlevrebma `Svidi momakvdinebeli stereotipi~ aRmoaCines. sixSiris mixedviT esenia:  `msxverpli bavSvebi~: 31,5%  `sayvareli bavSvebi~ (gaumarTlebeli, mizanTan Seusabamo foto/ gamosaxuleba): 26,7%  `patara eSmakebi~ (bavSvebis `demonizeba~/anu maTTvis aTasnairi codvis miwera): 10,8%  `bavSvebi SesaniSnavebi arian~ (gansakuTrebuli bavSvebi): 9,7%  `bavSvebi, rogorc aqsesuarebi~ (anu mSoblebis sakuTreba): 8,4%  `dRevandeli bavSvebi~ (mozrdilebis nostalgia warsulis mimarT): 7,5%  `patara angelozebi~ (visac cudis gakeTeba ar SeuZlia): 5,4% stereotipebisken midrekilebas mowmobs kvleva, romelic organizacia `MORI~-m (bazrisa da sazogadoebrivi azris saerTaSoriso kvleva - Market and Opinion Research International) Caatara 2004 wels britanuli JurnalisTvis `Young People Now~ (`dRevandeli axalgazrdoba~). masSi naTqvamia: [axalgazrdebis] es jgufebi xedaven presaSi damkvidrebul negatiur stereotips da grZnoben, rom es moqmedebs maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaze, imaze, Tu rogor eqcevian maT ufrosebi, rodesac sajaro TavSeyris adgilebSi arian megobrebTan erTad. amasTan, isini Tvlian, rom Jurnalistebi naCqarevad ikaveben moraluri upiratesobis pozicias, rodesac axalgazrdebis qcevas afaseben~. isini amas farisevlur pozad aRiqvamen, radgan Tvlian, rom Jurnalistebs axasiaTebT gazviadeba imisaTvis, rom ukeTesad gayidon gazeTebi da fuli iSovon: `nebismier rames miagneben da moipoveben, Tu dasaweri SemoakldebaT. sul ar adardebT, vinmes reputacias Tu Crdili miadgeba.~ es `MORI~-s adrindel (2003) gamokvlevas exmaureba, romelic cxadyofs, rom 11-18 wlis 914 axalgazrdidan orma mesamedma (64%) ganacxada, rom ar endoba Jurnalistebs. ase rom, marTalia, media mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis informirebulobis amaRlebaSi, magram, amave dros, is SeiZleba saeWvo partnioric aRmoCndes.

mediis mier bavSvebis eqspluatacia erTi mxriv, sainformacio media aSuqebs Zaladobis msxverplebs an mogviTxrobs ambebs moZaladeebis Sesaxeb reportaJebis, fotoebis, dokumenturi filmebisa da sxva saSualebebiT. meore mxriv, igi Tavad SeiZleba gaxdes eqspluatatori, rodesac axal ambebSi an reklamaSi bavSvebis seqsualurad provokaciul saxeebs qmnis. mediis profesionalebi kargad arian momzadebulni saimisod, rom bavSvis uflebebi stabilurad SeinarCunon sainformacio formatSi, am uflebebis

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dasacavad seriozuli Zalisxmeva gamoiyenon da moiTxovon bavSvis uflebebis dacva imaTgan, vinc amas ar akeTebs. magram komerciulma mosazrebebma SeiZleba aiZulos media, rom Tavidan airidos es pasuxismgebloba. interesTa uxerxuli wonasworoba prevalirebs iq, sadac eTikuri standartebi SeiZleba msxverplad Seewiros komerciul moTxovnebs.

bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi axalgazrdebis mediaSi monawileobis magaliTebi adasturebs maT interess gare samyaros mimarT, gansakuTrebiT, Tu maT Sansi eZlevaT, rom TavianTi Tavi gamoxaton im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic maT exeba. interesTa jgufebis da mediis organizaciebis mzardi raodenoba uamrav SesaZleblobas qmnis axalgazrdebisaTvis, rom mediaSi miiRon monawileoba.

mediaproeqtebis magaliTebi warmatebuli mediaproeqtebisa da programebis magaliTebi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisTvis da maTi monawileobiT: `ANDI~ – bavSvis uflebaTa braziliuri axali ambebis saagento monitorings uwevs mediis mier bavSvebisa da axalgazrdobis gaSuqebas, treningebs utarebs da muSaobs JurnalistebTan, romlebic weren bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis sakiTxebze. `ANDI“-s ZalisxmeviT mniSvnelovnad gaizarda da gaumjobesda bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis sakiTxebis gaSuqeba braziliur mediaSi. es modeli axla laTinuri amerikis rva qveyanaSi inergeba. `TROC“ - albaneTis axalgazrda reportiorebi. aTeulobiT axalgazrda 13dan 18 wlamde qveynis yvela kuTxidan gadis trenings am yovelkvireuli teleJurnalis saSualebiT. studentebi swavloben video axali ambebis warmoebis yvela aspeqts da pasuxismgebelni arian programebis dagegmvasa da gamoSvebaze ufrosebis mciredi daxmarebiT. es programa Zalze popularulia axalgazrda mayureblebs Soris albaneTsa da mezobel qveynebSi. isini afaseben `TROC“-s rogorc pirvel satelevizio Sous, romelic saTanadod aSuqebs socialur problemebs mTeli qveynis masStabiT. `mukTo xobor~ (Mukto Khobor) – (Tavisufali axali ambebi) – es aris yovelkvireuli axali ambebis 25-wuTiani gamoSveba da mimdinare ambebis programa bangladeSSi, romelsac 11-dan 17 wlamde bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi qmnian. is yuradRebas amaxvilebs bavSvebsa da maT uflebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. igi uzrunvelyofs forums axalgazrdebisTvis, rom maT SeZlon TavianTi Sexedulebebis gamoxatva, uviTarebs axalgazrda Jurnalistebs specialur unar-Cvevebs, STaagonebs axalgazrda mayureblebs, romlebic xedaven TavianTi Tanatolebis warmatebul muSaobas mediaSi da uCvenebs, rom axalgazrdebs SeuZliaT, mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanon arsebul problemebTan brZolaSi.

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afrikis bavSvTa da mauwyeblobis fondi (`CBFA“). es fondi 1995 wels Seiqmna. misi mizani iyo, xeli Seewyo bavSvebisa da mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb afrikis wesdebis ganxorcielebisTvis, agreTve miepyro mauwyeblebisa da prodiuserebis yuradReba maRalxarisxovani sabavSvo televiziis Seqmnis aucileblobisken. `CBFA“-s miznobriv jgufSi Sedian 9-dan 16 wlamde axalgazrdebi, mediis profesionalebi da mauwyeblebi. fondi marTavs seminarebs, kinoCvenebebsa da Sexvedrebs, romelTa ganxilvis sagani afrikeli bavSvebis problemebi da uflebebia. egviptis video da Temis ocnebebis proeqti avrcelebs ganviTarebis da mosaxleobis saqmianobis centr `axali horizontebis~ programis codnasa da gamocdilebas da aZlierebs axalgazrda qalebisa da gogonebis xmas egviptur sazogadoebaSi. qalTa jgufebi sxvadasxva egvipturi Temidan euflebian video da saprodiusero unar-Cvevebs da swavloben problemur an delikatur sakiTxebze muSaobas. jgufis wevrebi cnobadi xdebian, rogorc spikerebi da liderebi da xels uwyoben stereotipebis damsxvrevas. am jgufebis mier Seqmnili videomasalebi xSirad aRZravs diskusiebs da xels uwyobs problemis mogvarebis adgilobrivi gzebis Ziebas TiToeul TemSi.

mediaSi monawileoba SesaniSnav Sedegebs aZlevs axalgazrdebs, rac Sejamebulia `iuneskos~ sainformacio samsaxuris 2001 wlis yovelwliur gamocemaSi `mosazrebebi bavSvebisa da mediis Sesaxeb.~ es Sedegebia:  siamayis, siZlierisa da sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis grZnobis gaZliereba, rodesac axalgazrdebi grZnoben, rom maTi xma yuradRebis Rirsi gaxda, isini sazogadoebis nawils warmoadgenen, maT gauges sxvebs da sakuTar kulturas;  maTi yoveldRiuri ocnebebis da sakuTari adgilobrivi, socialuri da eTnikuri kulturisa da sinamdvilis asaxva mediaSi;  unar-Cvevebisa da cnobismoyvareobis gaZliereba da mediis sakiTxebSi kompetenturobis amaRleba (magaliTad, mediis kritikuli gaazreba);  audio-vizualuri mediis warmoebaSi monawileobis meSveobiT socialuri samarTlianobis gazrdili SegrZneba im axalgazrdebSi, romlebic kargad ar swavloben tradiciul, beWdviT masalebze dafuZnebul skolebSi;  meti interesi da monawileoba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, sakuTari pirobebiT, rac, Tavis mxriv, gadaizrdeba moqmedebaSi, romelic miznad daisaxavs mediasa da TemebSi axalgazrdebis problemebis ganxilvis gaumjobesebas.

mediis mxridan bavSvze zemoqmedebis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi bavSvebi da mozardebi masmediis yuradRebis centrSi, rogorc wesi, raime negatiuri, dramatuli movlenebisa da incidentebis Sedegad xvdebian: omi,

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SimSili, bunebrivi katastrofebi, mkvleloba da Zaladoba – ai is konteqsti, romlis mTavari gmirebi xSirad bavSvebi arian. Sesabamisad, iqmneba STabeWdileba bavSvebze, rogorc msxverplsa an moZaladeze. mozardebTan dakavSirebuli problemuri situaciebis gaSuqeba gavlenas axdens, rogorc Tavad incidentSi CarTul mozardze, aseve masmediis mravalaTasian auditoriaze, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvebze.

Jurnalistebs xSirad aqvT saqme ama Tu im xarisxis matravmirebel movlenasa da dazaralebul, travmirebul adamianTan. masmedia, romlis movaleobaa gaaSuqos es incidentebi, mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs (zogjer negatiurs) Zaladobis, incidentebis, travmirebulobis xarisxis gansazRvraSi. informaciis Segrovebis dros, dazaralebulis interviurebis procesSi Jurnalisti cdilobs aRweros rac SeiZleba `mZime~ da `saSineli~ istoria, moagrovos e.w. `sensaciuri masala~. es amZimebs matravmirebeli incidentis xarisxs, aiZulebs dazaralebuls, kidev erTxel ganicados is tkivili, damcireba, SiSi da Seuracxyofa, romelic mas Tavs gadaxda. Jurnalisti ar aris fsiqoTerapevti da, bunebrivia, is ver gauadvilebs dazaralebuls mdgomareobas _ is Tavisda uneburad tovebs respondents pirispir sakuTar gancdebTan. masmediis matravmirebeli zegavlenis kidev erTi aspeqtia is, Tu rogor interpretacias aZlevs Jurnalisti matravmirebel (Zaladobis) incidents. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac xdeba movlenis dramatizeba, kidev ufro damZimeba.

Jurnalisti aseve cdilobs, moiZios mizezebi da ipovos damnaSaveebi, xdeba warsulze fiqsireba, iqmneba gamouvalobis STabeWdileba, ramac mkiTxvel auditoriaSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios ususurobis gancda, SiSisa da SfoTvis momateba, agresiuli impulsebis gaaqtiureba, rac sabolood sazogadoebaSi arasasurveli fsiqoemociuri fonis Seqmnas uwyobs xels. rac Seexeba masmediis gavlenas bavSvebisa da mozardebis fsiqikur janmrTelobaze, winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi weria: `bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli: eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis: nu miayenebT raime zians bavSvs; moerideT iseT kiTxvebs an komentarebs, romlebic SeiZleba sadavo aRmoCndes kulturuli TvalsazrisiT da romlebic bavSvs Seuqmnis safrTxes, daucvels gaxdis Seuracxyofisgan an gaaRviZebs masSi tkivilsa da wuxils, gamowveuls travmuli movlenebiT” zianSi, `tkivilsa da wuxilSi” igulisxmeba bavSvis fsiqoemociuri mdgomareoba da qvemoT moyvanil magaliTebSi kargad Cans, ramdenad seriozuli SeiZleba gaxdes es `ziani~.

SemTxveva 1 arasrulwlovanma k.g.-m, quCaSi urTierTSelaparakebis dros, civi iaraRiT msubuqi Wriloba miayena moqalaqe r.d.-s. incidentis Semdeg is mSobelTan

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erTad gamocxadda policiaSi, sadac daakaves. amis Semdgom mozardi Tveebis ganmavlobaSi masmediis yuradRebis centrSi aRmoCnda, ZiriTadad SemTxvevis gaSuqebisas xdeboda faqtis dramatizeba, Sefaseba, ojaxisa da mozardis dadanaSauleba. nawili sazogadoebisa iziarebda aseT damokidebulebas, nawili cdilobda, mozardi `gmirad~ warmoeCina da mis dauyonebliv ganTavisuflebas iTxovda. yuradRebis centrSi yofna, sazogadoebrivi damokidebulebis aseTi polarizeba zemoqmedebs mozardis jer kidev Camouyalibebel fsiqikaze. orive pozicia momxdari faqtis Seusabamoa. moyvanil magaliTSi moxda mozardze orazrovani `iarliyis~ – msxverplisa da moZaladis – mikvra. msgavsi viTareba zemoqmedebs mozardis fsiqoemociur mdgomareobaze, vinaidan orive pozicia araadekvaturia, xels uSlis mozards, gaacnobieros sakuTari pasuxismgebloba da Camouyalibdes kongruentuli, Sesatyvisi damokidebuleba momxdari incidentis mimarT. amgvari aJiotaJi, zewola arTulebs mozardTa adaptaciis isedac rTul process arasrulwlovanTa aRmzrdelobiT dawesebulebaSi. aq moyvanil SemTxvevaSi mozard k.-s aReniSneboda Zilis problemebi, Ramis koSmarebi, brazis Semotevebi, autoagresia _ suicidis ramdenime mcdeloba.

SemTxveva 2 arasrulwlovani gogona n.k. seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli gaxda. es SemTxveva gaSuqda erT-erTi gazeTis furclebze, sadac moZaladis saxeli da gvari anonimuri iyo, xolo gogonas Sesaxeb gazeTi srul informacias gvawvdida.

Sedegad momxdaris Sesaxeb gaiges mezoblebma, skolam da gogona Temis mxridan zewolis msxverpli gaxda, masTan urTierToba Sewyvites megobrebma (ZiriTadad mSoblebis moTxovniT), mezoblebma. gogonam jer uari Tqva skolaSi siarulze, mere gareT gamosvla Sewyvita, Semdeg sakuTari oTaxidan ar gamodioda, Camouyalibda depresiuli simptomatika, Zlieri braleulobis gancda, dabali TviTSefaseba, uimedoba, uperspeqtivoba da a.S. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom es gogona erovnebiT rusi iyo da es faqtoric (Cvens sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli stigma) mis winaaRmdeg gamoiyenes. gogonasTan fsiqologiuri muSaobis Semdeg misi mdgomareoba gaumjobesda, Tumca ojaxma mainc miiRo gadawyvetileba daetovebinaT saqarTvelo da sacxovreblad sxva qveyanaSi gadasuliyvnen, rasac am incidentamde ar apirebdnen. orive SemTxveva naTlad gviCvenebs, rom amgvar situaciaSi irRveva ara marto mozardis uflebebi, aramed ziandeba misi fsiqikuri janmrTelobac, rom mediis amgvarma muSaobam SeiZleba negatiuri gavlena moaxdinos bavSvisa Tu mozardis cxovrebaze. mediis mier bavSvebsa da mozardebTan dakavSirebuli movlenebis asaxva gansazRvravs sazogadoebis pozicias maT mimarT, damokidebulebasa da qcevas, gavlenas axdens saxelmwifo instituciebis mxridan mozardebTan dakavSirebiT miRebul gadawyvetilebebze.

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Sefaseba SearCieT mediis informacia bavSvebis Sesaxeb da ganixileT bavSvis uflebaTa konteqstSi.

damatebiTi literatura da resursebi `msoflios bavSvebi, axalgazrdebi da media: tendenciebisa da problemebis mimoxilva~, siuzen gigli, `iunisefis~ masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis kompleqsis kvleviTi instituti, 2004 wlis aprili: http://www.intermedia.org/ bavSvebis, axalgazrdebisa da mediis Semswavleli centri: http://www.childrenyouthandmediacentre.co.uk/ `bavSvTa uflebebi da media – wyaro JurnalistebisTvis~: http://www.unicef.org/southafrica/SAF publications soulbuddiez.pdf `iunisefi~ - vebgverdi Magic: http://www.unicef.org/magic/briefing/about.html `iunisefi~ - axalgazrdebis xma: http://www.unicef.org/voy. am gverdebze axalgazrdebi TavianTi sityvebiT gamoxataven azrebs mediis Sesaxeb sakuTar qveynebSi. `iuneskos~ bavSvebis, axalgazrdebisa da mediis saerTaSoriso sainformacio samsaxuri: http://www.nordicom.gu.se/clearinghouse.php. informaciis kargi wyaroa msoflios bavSvebTan, axalgazrdebTan da mediasTan dakavSirebuli konkretuli proeqtebis da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. sainformacio samsaxuri miznad isaxavs, aamaRlos bavSvebis, axalgazrdebisa da mediis Sesaxeb informirebulobisa da codnis done, safuZvels qmnis saTanado politikis formulirebisTvis, xels uwyobs konstruqciul sazogadoebriv debatebs, aZlierebs bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis gaTviTcnobierebas da kompetenturobas mediis sakiTxebSi. bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli: media http://www.crin.com/themes/ViewTheme.asp?id=12 mediaSi asaxuli Zaladobis gavlena axalgazrdobaze (Psychological Science, marti 2004) http://www.psychologicalscience.org/pdf/pspi/pspi43.pdf `saxelmwifo jandacvis midgoma mediis Zaladobrivi Sinaarsis zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb kvlevis Sedegebis mimarT~: The Lancet, tomi 356, gamocema 9460 (2005 wlis Tebervali, gv. 702-710) l. rouel hiusmani (2000) `kolumbiis olqis kvleva~, miCiganis universiteti: http://www.rcgd.isr. umich.edu/aggr/Projects/CCLS/description.html

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4. winaaRmdegobebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis gzaze

ZiriTadi Sesaswavli Temebi    

adamianis uflebaTa dacva bavSvTa uflebebis mxardaWera problemebi bavSvTa uflebebis realizebaSi bavSvTa uflebebTan dakavSirebul problemebze reagireba

adamianis uflebaTa dacva arsebobs adamianis uflebaTa ganxorcielebis meqanizmebi saerTaSoriso, regionul da saxelmwifo doneze. saxelmwifo doneze politikosebs da kanonmdeblebs SeswevT Zala, rom TavianTi konstituciebis meSveobiT uzrunvelyon bavSvTa uflebebis damkvidrebis xelSewyoba. zogadad, konstitucia karnaxobs im wesebs, romlebic `uwesebs movaleobebs, uflebebs da funqciebs sxvadasxva samTavrobo instituts~. adamianis uflebaTa ganxorcielebis yvelaze efeqtiani xelSewyoba aRniSnul wesebs maSin SeuZlia, rodesac isini konkretuli terminebiT gansazRvravs am uflebebs da rodesac mTavrobaSi xdeba uflebamosilebis ganawileba. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis TiTqmis sayovelTao ratificireba asaxavs im valdebulebas, rac globalurad arsebobs bavSvis uflebebis principebTan dakavSirebiT. konvenciis ratificirebiT sxvadasxva qveynis mTavrobebi acxadeben TavianTi ganzraxvis Sesaxeb, rom es valdebuleba praqtikulad ganaxorcielon. wevri qveynebi valdebuli arian, Seasworon da Seqmnan kanonebi da politika, raTa srulfasovnad ganaxorcielon konvencia; maT unda gaiTvaliswinon, rom yvela qmedeba unda ganxorcieldes bavSvis interesebidan gamomdinare. konvenciis me-4 muxli iTvaliswinebs, rom monawile saxelmwifoebi `Rebuloben yvela aucilebel sakanonmdeblo, administraciul da sxvagvar zomas winamdebare konvenciiT aRiarebul uflebaTa gansaxorcieleblad~, xolo 42-e muxlis Tanaxmad saxelmwifoebi `iReben valdebulebas, saTanado da qmediTi saSualebebis gamoyenebiT farTo informacia miawodon rogorc mozrdilebs, aseve bavSvebs konvenciis principebisa da debulebebis Taobaze~. qveynis konstitucia yovelTvis ar uzrunvelyofs absolutur dacvas bavSvis uflebaTa darRvevis winaaRmdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT koleqtiurad mosTxovon mTavrobas, ganmartos Tavisi moqmedebebi da angariSi Caabaros amasTan dakavSirebiT. samoqalaqo sazogadoeba maSin warmoiqmneba, rodesac moqalaqeebi organizebulad sTxoven pasuxs xelisuflebas. organizebuli samoqalaqo sazogadoeba gulisxmobs arasamTavrobo

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organizaciebs, arakomerciul organizaciebs, saqvelmoqmedo da sazogadoebriv dawesebulebebs. qveynebis umravlesobaSi es organizaciebi wamyvan rols asruleben, rogorc bavSvTa damoukidebeli damcvelebi an bavSvTa specifikuri jgufebis damcvelebi. maTi roli aRiarebulia bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi da bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis mier. konvenciis ratificirebis da propagandis Sedegi iyo is, rom gaizarda bavSvis uflebaTa damcveli arasamTavrobo organizaciebis raodenoba da gavlena; bevr evropul qveyanaSi Camoyalibda arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa koaliciebi, romlebic bavSvTa uflebebze muSaoben. gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia samoqalaqo sazogadoebas aRiqvams rogorc mSvidobisa da uflebaTa dacvis aucilebel elements mTel msoflioSi. gaeros yofilma generalurma mdivanma kofi ananma ganacxada: `erT dros gaero mxolod sxvadasxva qveynebis xelisuflebebTan TanamSromlobda. dRes Cven viciT, rom mSvidoba da keTildReoba ver miiRweva mTavrobebTan, saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan, bizneswreebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan partnioruli urTierTobis gareSe. dRevandel msoflioSi Cven erTmaneTze varT damokidebuli~. bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis institutebis ganviTareba eqceva gaeros ufro farTomasStabiani gegmis farglebSi, romelic saxelmwifo institutebis Seqmnas iTvaliswinebs zogadad adamianis uflebaTa xelSewyobisa da dacvisaTvis. zog qveyanaSi bavSvTa damoukidebeli dawesebulebebi funqcionireben, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa saxelmwifo institutebis nawili. sxvagan calke institutebi Seiqmna bavSvis uflebaTa xelSewyobisa da dacvisaTvis. qveynebSi, sadac zogadad adamianis uflebaTa dacvis kulturis ganviTarebisken miiswrafian, dasawyisisTvis gonivruli iqneboda bavSvis uflebebze orientirebuli dawesebulebis Seqmna, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom bavSvebze da maT ganviTarebaze zrunva umniSvnelovanesia aRniSnuli kulturis Sesaqmnelad. bavSvTa sakiTxebze momuSave es damoukidebeli dawesebulebebi arasamTavrobo dawesebulebebisagan imiT gamoirCevian, rom maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi kanoniTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi gadamwyvet rols asruleben adamianis uflebaTa xorcSesxmis xelSewyobis saqmeSi da Cveulebriv sakmaod damoukidebeli arian. magram cal-calke Tu erToblivad maT SeiZleba ar aRmoaCndeT sakmao Zala, rom realurad Secvalon xelisuflebis prioritetebi.

bavSvis uflebaTa dacva rodesac qveyana axdens adamianis uflebaTa instrumentis ratificirebas, rogoricaa bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, mas an pirdapir Seaqvs konvenciis debulebebi Sidasaxelmwifoebriv kanonmdeblobaSi, an sxvagvarad kisrulobs

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adamianis uflebaTa dacvis valdebulebis Sesrulebas. `xSirad is faqti, rom arsebobs kanoni zogierTi uflebis dasacavad, sakmarisi ar aris, Tu es kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs yvela iuridiul uflebamosilebas da instituts am uflebaTa efeqtiani ganxorcielebisTvis...~ (saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa centridan). bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis dacvas monitorings uwevs gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti, romelic erovnul angariSebs iRebs sxvadasxva qveynebis mTavrobebisgan da paralelur angariSebs – arasamTavrobo organizaciebisgan. aRniSnuli komiteti dabejiTebiT sTxovs mTavrobis yvela rgols, gamoiyenon konvencia, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo kanonebis Seqmnisa da ganxorcielebis dros, raTa uzrunvelyon:  specialuri yovlismomcveli dRis wesrigis SemuSaveba bavSvebisaTvis;  mudmivmoqmedi organoebis an meqanizmebis Seqmna, raTa xeli Seewyos xelisuflebis yvela seqtoris aqtivobis koordinacias, monitoringsa da Sefasebas;  kanonmdeblobis sruli Sesabamisoba konvenciasTan;  bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba politikis SemuSavebis procesebSi, mTavrobis doneze bavSvze zemoqmedebis Sefasebebis SemoRebis gziT;  biujetis adekvaturi analizis Catareba imis gansazRvrisaTvis, Tu saxelmwifo saxsrebis ra nawili ixarjeba bavSvebisaTvis da am resursebis efeqtiani gamoyeneba;  sakmarisi monacemebis Segroveba da gamoyeneba maT iurisdiqciaSi yvela bavSvis mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad;  konvenciis Sesaxeb informirebulobis donis amaRleba da informaciis gavrceleba saTanado treningebis Catarebis gziT maTTvis, vinc am saqmiTaa dakavebuli, qmnis saxelmwifo politikas bavSvebisTvis, muSaobs maTTan an maTTvis;  samoqalaqo sazogadoebis CarTuloba – Tavad bavSvebis CaTvliT – bavSvis uflebaTa ganxorcielebaSi da maT Sesaxeb informirebulobis amaRlebaSi;  damoukidebeli sajaro uwyebebis – ombudsmenebis, komisiebisa da sxva institutebis _ Seqmna, romlebic xels Seuwyoben bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom globaluri masStabiT bavSvis uflebaTa mimarT pativiscema advili misaRwevi ar aris. marTalia, gaero, erovnuli konstituciebi da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba garkveul rols TamaSoben bavSvis uflebaTa darRvevis Tavidan acilebaSi, magram darRvevebi kvlav gvxvdeba.

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garda amisa, qveynis ekonomikuri keTildReoba ar warmoadgens imis garantias, rom bavSvis uflebebi kargad iqneba daculi. dasavleTis qveynebSi arsebuli mravalferovani da ganviTarebuli momsaxureba yovelTvis ar warmoadgenda imis sawindars, rom yvela bavSvs bednieri bavSvoba hqonoda. bevri siRatakeSi an metismetad xalxmraval da Seuferebel garemoSi cxovrobs. bevris uflebebs laxaven an ugulebelyofen da daxmarebis mowodeba metismetad nelia imisaTvis, rom reagireba moaxdinos maT gaWirvebaze. bevri bavSvis ganviTarebis potenciali Seferxebulia ganaTlebis miRebis mwiri SesaZleblobiT, TamaSisTvis gankuTvnili da gamajansaRebeli obieqtebis naklebobiT.

problemebi bavSvTa uflebebis realizebaSi TiToeul sazogadoebaSi aris tradiciebi da jgufebi, romlebic winaaRmdegobas uweven bavSvis uflebaTa dacvas. zogjer sazogadoebaSi mimdinare farTo cvlilebebi safrTxis winaSe ayenebs maT uflebebs. rogor xdeba, rom mTavroba ver amarTlebs bavSvebis imeds an ver asrulebs bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias? xSirad amis mizezi is aris, rom bavSvebs ar eniWebaT gansakuTrebuli prioriteti. politikuri liderebi, politikosebi da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi ver axdenen imis demonstrirebas, rom esmiT bavSvTa mdgomareoba an rom maTi uflebebis ganxorcielebis valdebulebas kisruloben. magaliTad, bavSvebi xSirad ar arian gaTvaliswinebuli mTavrobis mier strategiis SemuSavebaSi. mniSvnelovan sferos warmoadgens bavSvebis pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse monawileobis xelSewyoba. sxvadasxva qveynis mTavrobebi unda iTvaliswinebdnen da seriozulad aRiqvamdnen bavSvebis Sexedulebebs politikis Sesaxeb. magram yovelTvis ar arsebobs oficialuri arxebi bavSvebTan sakonsultaciod. kanonmdebloba unda asaxavdes konvenciis moTxovnas imis Taobaze, rom bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, gamoTqvan TavianTi Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze, romelic maT exeba da maT Sexedulebebs saTanado yuradReba unda daeTmos. xSirad saxelmwifo departamentebs Soris arasakmarisi koordinaciaa bavSvebTan dakavSirebul strategiasTan mimarTebiT. bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli strategia efeqtianad unda ganxorcieldes adgilobriv doneze da kanonmdebloba mTlianad unda gadaisinjos, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes misi ganuxreli Sesabamisoba konvenciasTan da bavSvis uflebebis xelSewyoba. zogjer warumateblobis mizezi is aris, rom bavSvis uflebaTa dacvisken mimarTuli SezRuduli resursebi efeqtianad ar gamoiyeneba. aseT SemTxvevaSi didi yuradRebiT unda ganxorcieldes bavSvebis momsaxurebis biujetebis marTva, rogorc adgilobriv, aseve erovnul doneebze. garda amisa, unda moxdes zemoqmedebis Sefaseba xelisuflebis doneze.

SesaZloa, problemebi iyos bavSvis uflebaTa Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebaSi. TiToeul qveyanas unda hqondes bavSvis uflebaTa Sesaxeb informaciis, rogorc bavSvebSi, aseve ufrosebSi, gavrcelebis mravalmxrivi gegma.

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kvleva unda Catardes imis Sesafaseblad, Tu rogor ician gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia imaT, vinc bavSvebTan da zogadad sazogadoebasTan muSaobs.

Tumca bavSvis uflebaTa dacva mxolod mTavrobas ki ar unda exebodes, aramed sazogadoebis yovel wevrsac. konvenciaSi formulirebuli normebi da principebi mxolod maSin SeiZleba iqces realobad, rodesac maT yvela pativs scems – ojaxebi, skolebi da sxva institutebi, romlebic bavSvis momsaxurebas uzrunvelyofen sazogadoebaSi da administrirebis yvela doneze. bavSvebi ganxiluli unda iqnen, rogorc adamianebi da ara, rogorc `momavali adamianebi.~ isini Camoyalibebuli adamianebi arian, romlebsac TavianTi uflebebi aqvT. droTa ganmavlobaSi isini Seicvlebian da ganviTardebian, magram sazogadoebis mier bavSvobis Sefaseba Sesabamis uflebebs unda efuZnebodes da is ar unda ganixilebodes, rogorc zrdasrulobisken mimarTuli nabiji. am princips mniSvneloba aqvs specialuri programebisa da samsaxurebisTvis; is yuradRebas amaxvilebs bavSvebTan muSaobaze principiT: `dRes da aq~.

Tumca bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mimarT politikis reagireba xSirad ar iTvaliswinebs imas, Tu ramdenad saswrafodaa mosagvarebeli problemebi da ramdenad xanmokle da didi zemoqmedebis mqonea bavSvoba. bavSvobis xana ar aris gaCerebuli, sanam momdevno strategiis SemuSaveba xdeba. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis damtkicebidan ori aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi bavSvebis, sul mcire, ori Taoba gamovida bavSvobis xanidan.

reagireba bavSvTa uflebebTan dakavSirebul problemebze gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ratificirebis Semdeg saxelmwifoebs moeTxovebaT, uzrunvelyon TavianTi kanonmdeblobis, politikisa da praqtikis konvenciis principebTan da normebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana. sadac saWiroa, unda moxdes kanonis reformireba, magaliTad, bavSvebis Zaladobisgan dasacavad ojaxSi da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi. bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti iZleva, agreTve, rekomendacias, rom mTavrobam Seqmnas damoukidebeli meqanizmebi imisaTvis, rom garantirebuli iyos konvenciis monitoringi da ganxilva bavSvis uflebaTa komisrebisa Tu ombudsmenebis saSualebiT. qveynebis mier konvenciis ganxorcielebis kvaldakval sul ufro izrdeba damoukidebeli samsaxurebis ricxvi. aRniSnuli samsaxurebi ZiriTadad mTavrobis an parlamentis mier iqmneba, magram maTi mTavari damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa damoukidebloba da imis unari, rom Tavad izrunon bavSvTa dacvaze. am institutebis daarsebiT mTavrobebi keTil nebas gamoxataven bavSvebis mimarT da imis demonstrirebas axdenen, rom seriozulad ganixilaven konvenciiT nakisr valdebulebebs da surT, angariSvaldebuli iyvnen damoukidebeli samsaxurebis mimarT imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor eqcevian bavSvebs.

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mTavrobebs moeTxovebaT, gaaanalizon bavSvebisTvis gamoyofili biujetebis moculoba, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos axalgazrda moaqalaqeebSi ganxorcielebuli investiciis proporciuloba maT raodenobasa da saWiroebebTan. xSirad mTavrobebi aerTianeben socialur xarjebs, riTac niRbaven bavSvTa keTildReobisa da adamianis uflebaTa xelSewyobisaTvis asignebuli resursebis SedarebiT simwires. qveynebs moeTxovebaT konvenciis principebis da normebis gacnoba sazogadoebis yvela wevrisTvis, maT Soris bavSvebisTvis. mTavrobebi valdebulni arian, aamaRlon bavSvebis, rogorc uflebebis mqone adamianebis, socialuri gaTviTcnobierebulobis done. maT unda uzrunvelyon, rom profesionalebi, romlebic bavSvebTan muSaoben, maT Soris jandacvis da sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi, informirebulni iyvnen imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gamoiyenon konvencia yoveldRiur praqtikaSi. konvenciis ratificirebam da propagandirebam gamoiwvia bavSvis uflebebze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis raodenobisa da gavlenis swrafi zrda; bevr evropul qveyanaSi Seiqmna arasamTavrobo organizaciebis koaliciebi, romlebic bavSvTa uflebebze muSaoben. aseTia, magaliTad, bavSvis uflebaTa sainformaciao qseli (CRIN). es koaliciebi wamyvan rols asruleben, rogorc bavSvis uflebaTa damoukidebeli damcvelebi. adamianis uflebaTa centris gancxadebiT, `adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso standartebis ganxorcielebis damatebiTi xelSewyoba modis dainteresebuli sazogadoebisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebisgan, romlebic sagangebo rols asruleben adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao kulturis ganviTarebaSi~. da kidev: `arasamTavrobo organizaciebs Tavisi bunebiT axasiaTebs gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, moqnili moqmedeba da moZraobis Tavisufleba, rac garkveul viTarebaSi maT saSualebas aZlevs, gadaWran amocanebi, romlebic mTavrobebs da samTavrobo organizaciebs ar SeuZliaT an ar surT rom gadaWran~. masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis profesionalebsac ekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba, rogorc samoqalaqo sazogadoebis nawils. Jurnalistebs SeuZliaT gamoavlinon bavSvis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebi da aamaRlon aRniSnuli uflebebis Sesaxeb gaTviTcnobierebis done, amasTan, isini did gavlenas axdenen imaze, Tu rogor aRiqvams sazogadoeba bavSvebs.

Jurnalistebs gaazrebuli unda hqondeT, Tu ra Sedegi moaqvs maT muSaobas; mediis profesionalebi ayalibeben sazogadoebriv azrs da gavlenas axdenen mis qcevaze. mediis es Zlieri pozicia imas niSnavs, rom mas sWirdeba Sida regulireba imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom sworad warmoadgendes bavSvis uflebebs da pativs scemdes maT.

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Sefaseba daasaxeleT, romeli jgufebi icaven bavSvebs Tqvens qveyanaSi. efuZnebian Tu ara isini bavSvis uflebebs? gaTvaliswinebulia Tu ara maT muSaobaSi bavSvis xma? damatebiTi literatura da resursebi `ENOC~-is SemuSavebuli treningis saxelmZRvanelo. bavSvis uflebaTa ombudsmenebis evropuli qselis (ENOC) mier Sedgenili es saxelmZRvanelo gaTvaliswinebulia maTTvis, vinc apirebs, Seqmnas kanoniT gansazRvruli damoukidebeli samsaxurebi bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis mizniT – bavSvis uflebaTa ombudsmenebi da komisrebi: http://www.ombudsnet.org/docs/informationdtrainingpack.pdf `socialuri muSaoba da bavSvis uflebebi~: profesionaluri treningis saxelmZRvanelo gaeros konvenciasTan dakavSirebiT, socialur muSakTa saerTaSoriso federacia, 2002. `bavSvebis mdgomareoba msoflioSi~, 2010, `iunisefi~: http://www.unicef.org/rightsite/sowc/ `adamianis uflebaTa nacionaluri institutebi~, adamianis uflebaTa centri, profesiuli treningis seriebi #4, adamianis uflebaTa centri, Jeneva, 1995, paragrafi 15. http://www.unicef.org/magic/users/resources.html http://www.unicef.org/georgia/rights_8343.html

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5. mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva, bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli pasuxismgebloba ZiriTadi Sesaswavli Temebi     

bavSvebis asaxva mediaSi; stereotipebis Seqmna mediis mier; bavSvis uflebaTa darRveva; bavSvTa dacva; kvleva bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas mediis eTikisa da JurnalistTa profesiuli standartebis dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi.

aRiarebulia, rom mediis profesionalebs mniSvnelovani rolis Sesruleba SeuZliaT bavSvis uflebaTa garSemo sazogadoebis mobilizebaSi. isini ZiriTadad reportaJebs akeTeben sxvebis araswor saqcielsa da Secdomebze, magram amave dros katalizatoris rols asruleben. maT, rogorc sazogadoebis interesebisa da demokratiis sadarajoze mdgom adamianebs, mniSvnelovani roli ekisrebaT bavSvebis warmoCenis, maTi uflebebis da perspeqtivebis gaujobesebis kuTxiTac.

bavSvebis warmodgena masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi marTalia, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebs mZlavri pozicia aqvT, magram isini yovelTvis ar asruleben bavSvis uflebaTa mokavSiris rols. Cven ukve ganvixileT, rom axalgazrdebs ar moswonT is, Tu rogor asaxaven maT mediaSi. Catarebuli kvlevebic aCvenebs, rom garkveuli msgavsebaa imaSi, Tu rogor asaxaven bavSvebs sxvadasxva mediaSi msoflio masStabiT. 2003 wlis noemberSi `mediauaizma~ (MediaWise) britanuli plakatebis sami kompania da bulvaruli gazeTi `sandi” (Sunday) Seiswavla. miRebuli Sedegebi mZime suraTs qmnis. 32 masalidan mxolod ori iyo pozitiuri. sam statiaSi icavdnen mSoblebis uflebaTa dominirebas bavSvis uflebebze. stereotipis Seqmnis tendencia gamovlenilia did britaneTSi Catarebul ramdenime kvlevaSi. 2004 wels `MORI~-s mier JurnalisTvis `iang pipl nau~ (Young People Now) Catarebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom axalgazrdebs sul ufro metad warmoaCenen rogorc `problemebs~. maT Sesaxeb didi britaneTis saerTo-erovnul da adgilobriv gazeTebSi 2004 wlis erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi gamoqveynebul statiebSi 71% negatiuri iyo, 14% pozitiuri da mxolod 15% _ neitraluri. danaSaulis da Zaladobis Sesaxeb statiebis 48%-Si axalgazrdebi warmodgenili iyvnen, rogorc kanondamrRvevebi. 70% biWebisa iyvnen borotmoqmedebi, xolo 32% _ msxverpli. gogonebSi 10% iyo kanondamrRvevi, xolo 91% _ msxverpli. mediaSi gaSuqebis sawinaaRmdegod oficialuri statistika aCvenebs, rom biWebi ufro metad xdebian Zaladobrivi danaSaulis msxverpli, vidre gogonebi.

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sxva kvlevebma aCvena, rom bavSvebis stereotipuli warmodgena saerTaSoriso fenomenia. `glokal iuTis~ (Glocal Youth) mier Catarebulma kvlevam, romelic medias adanaSaulebs uyuradRebobaSi axalgazrdebis samoqalaqo saqmianobis mimarT, msgavsi tendenciebi aRmoaCina evropis wamyvan mediaSi: `axalgazrdebs Cveulebriv ganixilaven rogorc problemebis, samarTaldarRvevebis, saSiSi gareubnebis, narkotikebisa da boboqari Sekrebebis simbolos, gansakuTrebiT, Tu saqme axalgazrda emigrantebs exeba. maTi aseTi imiji gvxvdeba gansakuTrebiT iseT (rogorc beWdviT, aseve audio-vizualur) dokumentur filmebsa Tu JurnalebSi, sadac urbanuli kulturaa asaxuli~.

2003 wels mediamonitoringis proeqtma Seiswavla bavSvebis asaxva da bavSvis uflebebi samxreT afrikis sainformacio mediaSi. proeqts ramdenime safexuri hqonda, maT Soris erToblivi seminarebi bavSvebis monawileobiT, samTviani monitoringis periodi da specializebuli treningi Jurnalistebisa da masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa praqtikosebis monawileobiT. aRiniSna yvela sakiTxi, romlebic bavSvebs exeboda da dafiqsirda saTanado informacia Temis, wyaroebis, warmodgenis da sxva problemebis miTiTebiT, romlebic bavSvis uflebebs ganixilavda. bavSvebi monawileobdnen paralelur proeqtSi, sadac isini ori kviris manZilze axdendnen maT mierve SerCeuli sainformacio mediis monitorings. kvlevis Sedegad gakeTda Semdegi ZiriTadi daskvnebi: 1. bavSvebi sainformacio mediaSi naklebad arian warmodgenili. rogorc ufrosebis mier Catarebuli monitoringis Sedegad gairkva, bavSvebi sainformacio gamoSvebebis mxolod 6%-Si figurireben, xolo bavSvebis mier Catarebuli monitoringis Tanaxmad, maT mier ganxiluli siuJetebis mxolod 26%-Si Seexnen bavSvebis Temas.

2. bavSvebi ZiriTadad warmodgenili arian msxverplis saxiT. ufrosebis mier Catarebuli monitoringis Tanaxmad, siuJetebis 25%-Si bavSvebi msxverplis saxiT arian gamoyvanili. mTlianobaSi bavSvebi ufro xSirad uaryofiTad arian gamoyvanili da maTi rolebi SezRudulia. bavSvebis monitoringma daadastura es tendenciebi. rogorc isini aRniSnavdnen, mediam unda scados, ufro pozitiur rolebSi warmoadginos bavSvebi.

3. bavSvebi ZiriTadad negatiur siuJetebSi arian warmodgenili. rogorc ufrosebis, aseve bavSvebis mier Catarebuli monitoringis Sedegad gairkva, rom sainformacio siuJetebi, sadac bavSvebi figurireben, ZiriTadad negatiuri Sinaarsisa iyo. ufrosebis mier Catarebuli monitoringis mixedviT, yoveli meore statia, sadac bavSvi figurirebs, negatiuri Sinaarsisaa da exeba danaSauls, Zaladobas, uflebebis Selaxvas an sxvadasxva ubedurebas.

4.

biWebi da gogonebi Tanabrad arian warmodgenili, magram kvlav stereotipuli saxiT. am aSkara Tanasworobis miuxedavad, Semdgomma analizma aCvena genderuli stereotipebis damkvidreba bavSvebis warmodgenisas. gogonebi ufro xSirad iyvnen gamoyvanili bavSvebze Zaladobis istoriebSi, xolo biWebi –

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sportTan dakavSirebul istoriebSi. es aZlierebs mediasaSualebebSi qalebis _ msxverplis, xolo mamakacebis – Zlierebis saxiT warmodgenas.

1998 wels saqvelmoqmedo organizacia “gadavarCinoT bavSvebma“ Caatara kvleva bavSvebis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb imis mimarT, Tu rogor arian isini warmodgenili beWdviT da samauwyeblo mediaSi. aRmoCnda, rom bavSvebma zustad ician, ra ar moswonT yvelaze metad mediaSi:  bavSvebis mier seriozulad gakeTebuli komentarebis gamoyeneba ufrosebis gasacineblad;  mimzidveli bavSvebis gamoyeneba yuradRebis misapyrobad;  mZime situaciaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis fotoebis gamoyeneba da maTi mdgomareobis aRwera emociis aRZvris mizniT, miT umetes, rom amiT araferi keTdeba arc bavSvebis mier sakuTari Tavis pativiscemisTvis da arc auditoriis mxridan maTi pativiscemisTvis;  qedmaRluri laparaki bavSvebTan;  bavSvebis magivrad didebis laparaki, maSin, rodesac bavSvebma gacilebiT meti ician am sakiTxis Sesaxeb;  bavSvebis iZuleba, cirkis cxovelebiviT moiqcnen;  ufrosebi warmoaCenen bavSvebis ucodinrobas;  is, rom ufrosebi Tavisi sityvebiT alaparakeben bavSvebs an axdenen maTi naTqvamis interpretirebas;  bavSvebis warmodgena pasiurebad, rodesac isini ar arian pasiurebi;  yvela axalgazrdis moqceva erT problemur jgufSi _ saxelwodebiT `axalgazrdoba~.

stereotipebi mediaSi pirobiTad bavSvebs ganixilaven rogorc sazogadoebis qvejgufs, romelic daculi unda iyos. bavSvebis mimarT arsebuli safrTxe Zlier emociur gamoxmaurebas povebs, rac SeiZleba mkiTxvelebisa da auditoriis dasapyrobad iqnes gamoyenebuli. bavSvebis Sesaxeb siuJetebi da maTi gamosaxuleba iseve SeiZleba iqnes Sefasebuli Tavisi marketinguli potencialiT, rogorc socialuri mniSvnelobiT. amis Sedegad bavSvebi xSirad gamoyvanili arian mediaSi, rogorc msxverpli an rogorc ufrosebis sayvareli danamati. amgvari Sexeduleba bavSvebze, SesaZloa, asaxavdes bavSvobis sayovelTao aRqmas umankoobis xanad. bavSvebis momxibvleloba ufrosebSi aRZravs dacvis survils, nostalgias da upiratesobis SegrZnebas. Tu isini tkivils an ubedurebas ganicdian, ufrosebi Tavs valdebulad Tvlian, TanagrZnoba da zneobrivi aRSfoTeba gamoxaton. Tumca amis Sedegad bavSvebi iZenen statuss, romelic sadRac moqalaqeobis qvemoT imyofeba. bavSvebis gamosaxva msxverplis an ufrosebis sayvareli danamatis saxiT SezRudul da yalb warmodgenas qmnis maT Sesaxeb. mediis warmomadgenlebma SeiZleba ganacxadon, rom aseTi winaswarganwyoba modis im faqtidan, rom

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sainformacio gamoSvebebi yuradRebis centrSi aqceven uCveulos. magram amiT xdeba ignorireba mediis aranakleb mniSvnelovani funqciisa _ warmoadgendes sazogadoebis sarkes, raTa xalxma ukeTesad gaigos, Tu ra xdeba mis garSemo. mediis muSakebma sxvebze ukeTesad ician, rom xSirad faqtebze ufro meti zegavlenis moxdena maT aRqmas SeuZlia. axalgazrdebis aRqmis damaxinjebiT media daTvur samsaxurs uwevs rogorc bavSvebs, aseve mTel sazogadoebas. amiT SeiZleba maTi uflebebic dairRves.

bavSvTa uflebebis darRveva ramdenime gza arsebobs, riTac bavSvis uflebebi SeiZleba dairRves maTi araswori warmodgeniT da stereotipuli CvenebiT mediaSi. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxli mouwodebs ojaxisa da piradi cxovrebis uflebis pativiscemisken, xolo me-14 muxli – diskriminaciis akrZalvisken. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Tanaxmad, bavSvis uflebebi moicavs:  me-12 muxli: bavSvis uflebas, Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba;  me-13 muxli: bavSvis ufleba, Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi azri, SesaZloa, erTgvarad SeizRudos, magram es SezRudva kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli da aucilebeli unda iyos `saxelmwifo uSiSroebis an sazogadoebrivi wesrigis ... an mosaxleobis janmrTelobis an zneobis dacvisaTvis~;  me-16 muxli: `piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis, sacxovrebeli binis xelSeuxeblobis an korespondenciis saidumloebis... Rirsebisa da reputaciis~ dacvas Carevis an xelyofisagan;  me-17 muxli: mediis mniSvnelobis aRiarebas da masalebis gavrcelebas `bavSvis socialuri da kulturuli keTildReobisTvis~ da `im saxis informaciisa da masalebisagan bavSvis dacvis saTanado principebis SemuSavebis waxalisebas, romelic sazianoa bavSvis keTildReobisaTvis.~ es muxlebi garkveviT ayalibebs bavSvis uflebebs, romlebic SeiZleba dairRves mediis upasuxismgeblo moqmedebiT, kerZod, gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-17 muxlis Tanaxmad, media pasuxismgebelia bavSvis keTildReobis xelSewyobaze. bavSvis uflebaTa darRveva gulisxmobs maTTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ugulisyurod gaSuqebas da damaxinjebas an maTi Sexedulebebis ugulebelyofas.

bavSvTa dacva miuxedavad imisa, rom cota vinme Tu moiZebneba, vinc damoukidebel mediaSi saxelmwifos Carevas miesalmeba, bavSvTa uflebebma moiTxova garkveul sferoebSi Careva. magaliTad, gaerTianebuli samefos kanonmdebloba krZalavs sasamarTlo saqmeebSi CarTuli axalgazrdebis identificirebas bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis 1933 wlis aqtis 39-e TavSi. es kanoni aRiarebs, rom axalgazrda samarTaldamrRvevi imsaxurebs, rom gamosworebis Sansi mieces mediis

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yuradRebisa da sajaro stigmatizaciis gareSe. Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi amgvari dacvac ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi; mediam Secvala bavSvebis pirdapiri identifikacia samarTaldamrRvevebisTvis iarliyebis stereotipuli mikvriT. miuxedavad iseTi organizaciebis Zalisxmevisa, rogoricaa saerTaSoriso federacia, romelmac sakuTari iniciativa wamoiwyo 1998 wels da miznad isaxavda bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebis dros pasuxismgeblobis waxalisebas, bavSvebis am tipis stereotipebiT gaSuqebis tendencia yvela kontinentze TvalsaCinoa. aRsaniSnavia, rom bavSvebisadmi miZRvnili sakiTxebis gaSuqeba iSviaTad figurirebs Jurnalistur treningebSi, radgan mTlianobaSi Jurnalistebi ufrosebisadmi miZRvnili da maTive samyaroSi arsebuli iseTi TemebiT arian dakavebuli, romlebic zrdasruli adamianebis auditoriisaTvis aris gankuTvnili. iSviaTad SegxvdebaT siuJeti imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos axalma socialurma an fiskalurma politikam bavSvebze, Tu is ar exeba, magaliTad, bavSvebisTvis dawesebul SeRavaTebs an maT ganaTlebas. iSviaTia, agreTve, gazeTi, romelic cdilobs, gamoaqveynos axalgazrdebis komentarebi mimdinare problemebis Sesaxeb.

Sesabamisad, bavSvebi seriozulad ar ganixilebian mediis profesionalebis mier, radgan maTi ZiriTadi samiznea zrdasruli adamianebis bazari. sirTule isaa, rom bavSvebi arian mediis im ZiriTadi produqtebis momxmareblebi, romlebic konkretulad maTTvis ar aris Seqmnili. axali ambebi miCneulia iseT ramed, rac, uwinares yovlisa, zrdasruli adamianebisTvis da maT Sesaxebaa. damatebiTi safrTxea is, rom zrdasruli adamianebisTvis gankuTvnil bazarze bavSvebs xeli miuwvdebaT potenciurad mavne masalaze, maT Soris Zaladobis, seqsis da bavSvebis `seqsualuri~ saxeebis amsaxvel masalaze. komunikaciebis axali formebis ganviTareba, rogoricaa interneti, garkveul SeSfoTebas iwvevs, radgan Zalian umniSvneloa an saerTod ar arsebobs kontroli internetSi ganTavsebul informaciaze. sanam grZeldeba kamaTi imis Taobaze, Tu ra pirdapir gavlenas axdens amgvari masala bavSvebis qcevaze, mediis mwarmoeblebis umniSvnelovanesi amocana unda iyos imis uzrunvelyofa, rom garkveuli tipis masalis (iseTi vizualuri informaciis CaTvliT, romelic dasaSvebad miiCnevs an popularizacias uwevs Zaladobas an Seusabamo seqsualur aqtivobas) advilad xelmisawvdomobam mavne zegavlena ar moaxdinos bavSvebze an safrTxe ar Seuqmnas maT. yuradReba unda mieqces, agreTve, bavSvebSi mediis Sesaxeb codnis gavrcelebas. aseve mniSvnelovania, rom bavSvebi afasebdnen mediis rols samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi da SeeZloT, kritikulad Sexedon amas, raTa Jurnalistebi iTvaliswinebdnen bavSvebis saWiroebebs, problemebs da uflebebs. iunisefis azriT, is faqti, rom ver moxerxda Tanamedrove mediis kritikis swavleba, `udidesi xelidan gaSvebuli SesaZleblobaa ganaTlebaSi~. britaneli parlamentari tesa joueli ambobs, rom mediis swavleba, mediis efeqtian regulirebasTan erTad, saukeTeso gzaa imisaTvis, rom bavSvebs gauadvilo urTierToba mediaSi warmodgenil samyarosTan.

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media axali TaobisTvis miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo wlebSi media gafarTovda, axali aTaswleulis dasawyisSi iunisefis aRmasrulebeli direqtoris mier internetSi Catarebulma `CeTma~ 17 qveynis mediis 70-mde axalgazrda aqtivistTan, gamoavlina erTsulovani gzavnili _ media ar upasuxebs axalgazrdebis problemebs. mediam xelaxla unda gaiazros bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis Tematikis gaSuqeba _ ise, rom stereotipuloba da, aqedan gamomdinare, Sedegebi gamoiricxos _ da xeli Seuwyos mediis Sesaxeb codnis gafarToebas. izrdeba axali Taoba, romelic daTrgunulia mZime axali ambebiT da maTi damaxinjebiT; raki axali teqnologiebi TiTis erTi dakvriT aris maTTvis xelmisawvdomi, isini sakuTar medias qmnian onlain reJimSi da gverds uvlian misi warmoebis tradiciul meTodebs. ukve vnaxeT, rogor Seiqmna onlain sazogadoebebi da samauwyeblo arxebi Bebo, Youtube da MySpace. 2007 wels aSS-is yofilma vice-prezidentma al gorma axali sakabelo televizia gaxsna axalgazrdebisTvis Current TV, romlis Sinaarsi mTlianad axalgazrda mayureblebis mier iqmneba. b-n goris TqmiT, axalgazrda mayurebels saSualeba eZleva, `Caebas dialogSi demokratiis Sesaxeb~ da Seqmnas sakuTari satelevizio programebi. misive TqmiT, am koncefciis safuZvelze `SeiZleba moxdes Tavad satelevizio mediis gardaqmna~, radgan mayurebels eZleva SesaZlebloba, xma miawvdinos mas. masmediiT ukmayofilo axalgazrdebi gverds uvlian tradiciul medias da sakuTar dRis wesrigs aweseben. aman SeiZleba mniSvnelovani zegavlena iqonios masmediis da tradiciuli (komerciuli) popkulturis momavalze.

profesiuli pasuxismgebloba Jurnalistebis winaaRmdegobas iwvevs, rodesac vinme karnaxobs, Tu rogor unda imuSaon. maT aRaSfoTebs zewola da skeptikurad ganawyobs Zlevamosili elitis zraxvebi. bevrma Jurnalistma sicocxle da Tavisufleba Seswira iseTi danaSaulebis gamomJRavnebas, romlebic SeiZleboda miCqmaluliyo presis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis SemTxvevaSi. mediis profesionalebs TavianT movaleobad miaCniaT, pasuxi mosTxovon imaT, vinc samoqalaqo sazogadoebaze axdens zewolas. isini ufrTxildebian sakuTar damoukideblobas. maTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani roli samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi imaSi gamoixateba, rom samoqalaqo interesebis sadarajoze idgnen da popularizacia gauwion debatebs, codnis, informirebulobis amaRlebas da saxelmwifos mier iseTi problemebis aRiarebas, romlebsac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvT demokratiis damkvidrebis da adamianis uflebebis pativiscemisTvis. Jurnalistebis mier am rolis Sesrulebis unari maSin qveiTdeba, rodesac isini angarebaze dafuZnebuli interesebis gamtareblebi xdebian.

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Sida regulireba Jurnalistebi xels aweren qcevis kodeqss, romelic maTi profesiuli kavSiris, profesiuli asociaciis an damqiraveblis mier aris gamocemuli. Tumca praqtikulad Jurnalistebis umravlesobas bundovani warmodgena aqvs am kodeqsis detalebze da eyrdnoba Jurnalistikis principebis zogad gagebas. magram bavSvebs zusti protokolebi sWirdebaT, rodesac saqme maTi uflebebis dacvas exeba.

Jurnalisturi saqmianoba, romelic bavSvis sicocxles da keTildReobas exeba, yovelTvis unda iTvaliswinebdes bavSvis perspeqtivas. Jurnalistebi da mediaorganizaciebi eTikuri qcevis umaRlesi standartebis dacvas unda eswrafodnen, rodesac bavSvebTan dakavSirebul Temebs aSuqeben. gaerTianebul samefoSi komunikaciebis ofisis da `bi-bi-sis~ saxelmZRvanelo principebi udides mniSvnelobas aniWebs bavSvis uflebaTa dacvas, iseve, rogorc amas akeTebs britaneTis sagazeTo industriis saproceso kodeqsi, romelsac presasTan dakavSirebuli pretenziebis ganmxilveli komisia akontrolebs. isini acnobiereben, rom mediis profesionalebis movaleobaa, zrunavdnen, rom mediaSi damkvidrebulma praqtikam ar Selaxos bavSvis uflebebi.

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis saxelmZRvanelo principebi.

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciam bavSvis uflebebi Seitana profesiuli eTikis kodeqsSi da axorcielebs programebs gaTviTcnobierebulobis donis asamaRleblad. is xels uwyobs saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikis urTierTgacvlas sxvadasxva kavSirs Soris, upirispirdeba Jurnalistebsa da mediaze komerciul zewolas `sensaciuri axali ambebis~ moTxovniT da saSualebas aZlevs bavSvebs, rom maTi problemebi danaxuli da gagonili iyos.

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis saxelmZRvanelo principebi, `bavSvis uflebebi da media: bavSvis probelemebisadmi miZRvnili sakiTxebis ganxilvis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi da principebi~, 70 qveynis Jurnalisturma organizaciebma daamtkices Jurnalizmisa da bavSvis uflebebisadmi miZRvnil pirvel saerTaSoriso sakonsultacio konferenciaze, romelic braziliis qalaq resifeSi Catarda 1998 wlis 2 maiss. es saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi bavSvebs daexmareba imis danaxvaSi, rom Jurnalistebi maT problemebsa da Sexedulebebs seriozulad uyureben. am dokumentSi naTqvamia: `yvela Jurnalisti da mediis profesionali muSaki valdebulia, SeinarCunos umaRlesi eTikuri da profesiuli standartebi da dargis farglebSi popularizacia gauwios bavSvis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso konvenciisa da damoukidebeli JurnalistikisTvis misi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb informaciis farTod gavrcelebas.~ JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis Tanaxmad: mediaorganizaciebi bavSvis uflebaTa darRvevas, bavSvis usafrTxoebis,

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piradi cxovrebis, ganaTlebis da socialuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebs da eqspluataciis yvela formas gamoZiebisa da sajaro msjelobis sagnad unda miiCnevdnen. bavSvebs piradi cxovrebis absoluturi ufleba aqvT, im gamonaklisebis garda, romlebic garkveviT aris miTiTebuli saxelmZRvanelo principebSi. Jurnalisturi saqmianoba, romelic bavSvebis cxovrebasa da keTildReobas exeba, yovelTvis unda warimarTos maTi daucvelobis gaTvaliswinebiT. Jurnalistebma da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebma yvelaferi unda gaakeTon imisaTvis, rom ar gadauxvion umaRles eTikur standartebsa da normebs bavSvTa problemebis gaSuqebisas. kerZod: 1. bavSvebis sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas maT Zalisxmeva ar unda daiSuron sizustisa da koreqtulobis dasacavad; 2. unda moeridon iseTi fotoebisa da informaciis gamoqveynebas bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnil mediasivrceSi, romelic saziano iqneba maTTvis; 3. moeridon publikaciebisaTvis popularobis mopovebis mizniT bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis sensaciur da stereotipul gaSuqebas; 4. bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri masalis gamoqveynebisas saguldagulod awon-dawonon SesaZlo Sedegebi da minimumamde daiyvanon zianis faqtori; 5. Tu amas sazogadoebrivi interesi ar moiTxovs, daicvan bavSvis vinaoba da ar gamoaqveynon misi fotoebi; 6. rodesac es SesaZlebelia, miscen bavSvebs masmediis saSualebiT TavianTi azrebis gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba yovelgvari zewolis gareSe; 7. uzrunvelyon bavSvis mier mowodebuli informaciis damoukidebeli Semowmeba da gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcion imas, rom am informaciis Semowmebisas informator bavSvs safrTxe ar Seeqmnas; 8. moeridon bavSvebis gamoqveynebas;

seqsualur

formaSi

gadaRebuli

fotoebis

9. gamoiyenon bavSvebis fotoebis mopovebis samarTliani, Ria da pirdapiri meTodebi da, rodesac es SesaZlebelia, moipovon isini bavSvebis, maTze pasuxismgebeli piris an meurvis TanxmobiT; 10. Seamowmon im organizaciebis uflebamosileba, romlebic bavSvebis saxeliT laparakoben an warmoadgenen bavSvTa interesebs; 11. bavSvis cxovrebis pirobebis amsaxveli siuJetisaTvis mopovebuli masalis safasuri ar gadauxadon arc bavSvs da arc bavSvis mSoblebsa Tu meurveebs, Tu es namdvilad bavSvis interesebSi ar Sedis.

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Jurnalistebma kritikulad unda Seiswavlon warmodgenili reportaJebi da mTavrobebis mier gamoTqmuli pretenziebi gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT. mediam ar unda ganixilos da gaaSuqos bavSvebis problemebi, mxolod rogorc momxdari faqtebi, aramed `gamudmebiT unda werdes im procesebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac mivyavarT an migviyvanen msgavs faqtebTan~.

saxelmZRvanelo JurnalistebisTvis `media uaizma~ da `iunisefma~ gamosces saxelmZRvanelo JurnalistebisTvis, saxelwodebiT `media da bavSvis uflebebi~, romlebic bavSvebs warmoadgenen mediaSi, (2005). es saxelmZRvanelo mediis muSakebis da sxvebis dasaxmareblad daiwera. igi miznad isaxavs, isini, vinc am sferoSi saqmianobs, daafiqros imaze, Tu ra gavlenas moaxdens gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia bavSvebis warmoCenaze mediaSi da mediis mier. moqmedi Jurnalistebis praqtikul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT saxelmZRvanelo eswrafvis, biZgi misces pasuxismgeblobis amaRlebas bavSvebis sakiTxebis, agreTve bavSvebis cxovrebaze ufrosebis qcevisa da gadawyvetilebebis gavlenis gaSuqebisas. es saxelmZRvanelo mouwodebs mediis muSakebs, saukeTeso gza moZebnon bavSvis uflebaTa dasacavad da daexmaron maT masobriv mediaSi garkveuli rolis SesrulebaSi. bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis sakiTxebis gaSuqebas Tavisi problemebi aqvs. bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselma Seqmna `bavSvebisgan intervius aRebis eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo principebi~, xolo `iunisefma~ SemuSava sakuTari, `bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis eTikurad gaSuqebis principebi~. saqme is aris, rom media ara mxolod samarTlianad, patiosnad da zustad unda aSuqebdes bavSvobis problemebs, aramed adgils tovebdes Tavad bavSvebis gansxvavebuli, kolorituli da SemoqmedebiTi azrebis gamosaxatavad. axali ambebi iqneba es, mimdinare movlenebi Tu SemoqmedebiTi da saSemsruleblo xelovnebis rTuli samyaro, mediis yvela muSaki da organizacia pasuxismgebelni arian, cnon bavSvis uflebebi da asaxon isini TavianT SemoqmedebaSi. es ki iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs ukavSirdeba, rogoricaa mediis muSakebis treningi. amJamad yuradReba gadatanilia treningis monawileebisTvis iseTi unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebaze, rom maT SeZlon mudmivad cvalebad samuSao garemosTan Segueba, rodesac mTavaria moqniloba. treningebis dros bavSvebisTvis fotoebis gadaRebas da maT videokameriT gadaRebas imdenive yuradReba unda daeTmos, ramdenic teqnikur kvalifikacias, radgan vizualuri gamosaxulebis mopovebisTvis gamoyenebuli meTodebi, gamosaxulebis konstruirebis gzebi da demonstrirebis formebi SeiZleba gansakuTrebiT problemuri aRmoCndes.

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imisaTvis, rom mediis muSakebi ufro aqtiurad Caeban bavSvis uflebaTa dacvaSi, saWiroa SemuSavdes saxelmZRvanelo treningis, sainformacio masalebis da mediis dargebs Soris saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes bavSvobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqeba da bavSvis uflebebis mimarT yuradReba da zrunva. bavSvis problemebis da uflebebis ukeT gageba maT mier, vinc umaRles eSelonebSia, iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc imis uzrunvelyofa, rom Jurnalistebma da programebis Semqmnelebma ndobaze dafuZnebuli urTierToba daamyaron sxva profesionalebTan, romlebic bavSvebTan muSaoben (maswavleblebi, socialuri muSakebi da sxv.).

bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas mediis eTikisa da JurnalistTa profesiuli standartebis dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi 2008 wels gaeros bavSvTa fondis egidiT Catarda kvleva saxelwodebiT `bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqeba da media eTika saqarTveloSi – situaciuri analizi~. es kvleva mimoixilavs saqarTveloSi arsebuli media eTikis kodeqsebsa da mediis TviT-regulirebis meqanizmebs bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT da asaxavs qarTuli mediis samTviani monitoringis Sedegebs imis Taobaze, Tu ramdenad icavs media bavSvTa uflebebs bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas. kvlevis Tanaxmad, qarTul mediaSi ar arsebobs erTiani profesiuli standartebi bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac Jurnalistebi da menejerebi erTnairad scemdnen pativs. mxolod ramdenime mediasaSualebas aqvs Tavisi kodeqsi, romlis aRiareba da dacva ver qmnis saTanado aminds. qarTul mediaSi Warbobs stereotipuli midgoma bavSvebis mimarT, rac sakmaod rTuli Sedegebis momtania. bavSvTa sakiTxebs Jurnalistebi ganzogadebuli formulebiT aSuqeben. qarTul mediaSi xSiria imgvari statiebi, sadac ar aris mkafiod gamijnuli faqti da komentari, figurirebs dauzustebeli da gadaumowmebeli informacia. bavSvebze saubrisas Jurnalistebi ar eridebian ganzogadebas, rac TavisTavad xels uwyobs stereotipebs. garda amisa, naklebad xdeba problemis detaluri gaanalizeba da informaciis gaSuqeba ramdenime wyaros safuZvelze. xSiria faqtebi, rodesac xdeba kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi an Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvebis Sesaxeb informaciis sensaciuri kuTxiT gaSuqeba da am bavSvebis identificireba. quCis bavSveis mimarT ki xSirad ismis diskriminaciuli da stereotipuli gamoTqmebi. kvlevis Sedegad SemuSavda konkretuli rekomendaciebi, romelTa Sorisac didi adgili uWiravs JurnalistebisTvis bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebis saswavlo kursis SemoRebasa da treningebis organizebas.

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Sefaseba bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselis eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo principebis ganxilva da ZiriTadi momentebis identificireba sakuTar praqtikaSi gamoyenebisTvis. ra informacias awvdis saxelmZRvanelo dRevandel praqtikas? damatebiTi literatura da resursebi `ciliswameba, sentimentaloba Tu siCume? ras eguebian axalgazrdebi mediaSi~. maik jemfsoni, “MediaWise Trust”, 2003 `bavSvebi da media: globaluri problema~ maik jemfsoni, “MediaWise Trust”, 2003 `uTanasworoba da axalgazrdebis warmoCena stereotipulad~ doqtori moris devlini, NUI Maynooth, 2006 http://www.unicef.org/magic/users/resources.html `bavSvis uflebebi da media: bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebis miTiTebebi da principebi~, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia, 1998:

saxelmZRvanelo

http://www.ifj.org/default.asp?index=192&Language=EN `bavSvebisgan intervius aRebis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis kompilacia~, bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli (CRIN) 2005: http://www.crin.org/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=5572 `glokal iuT~: www.glocalyouth.net `gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~: http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/scuk/jsp/newhome.jsp?flash=true `karent tivi~ (Current TV): http://uk.current.com/ mediis monitoringis proeqti: http://www.mediamonitoring.org.za `iunisefi~: `bavSvebis Sesaxeb sakiTxebis gaSuqebis eTikuri principebi~: http://www.unicef.org/media tools guidlines.html `bavSvebisgan intervius aReba: saxelmZRvanelo Jurnalistebisa da sxvebisTvis~ “Save the Children”, 1998 `media da bavSvis uflebebi~, `mediauaiz~, 2005: http://www.mediawise.org.uk/files/uploaded/The%20Media%20and%20Children%20Rights%202005.pdf `bavSvisgan intervius sainformacio qseli:

aRebis

eTikuri

saxelmZRvanelo

principebi~,

bavSvis

uflebaTa

http://www.crin.com/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=5572&flag=report kvleva `bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqeba da media eTika saqarTveloSi – situaciuri analizi~ http://www.unicef.org/georgia/resources_6521.html

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6. informaciis gavrcelebis saukeTeso praqtika bavSvebis Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT ZiriTadi Sesaswavli Temebi  `msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~  erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi bavSvebisaTvis  bavSvebis monawileoba  saukeTeso praqtikis principebi  bavSvTa Tvalsazrisis gageba: magaliTebi

gaeros mier 2002 wlis maisSi Catarebul bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sagangebo sesias udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda bavSvebisa da, zogadad, adamianebis ganviTarebisTvis. es iyo generaluri asambleis pirveli sagangebo sesia, romelic mieZRvna bavSvebs da romelzec isini mowveulni iqnen oficialur delegatebad. sesiaze Tavi moiyares 69 qveynis liderebma; 190-ma erovnulma delegatma; arasamTavrobo organizaciebis 1 700-ze metma warmomadgenelma; mSvidobis dargSi nobelis premiis xuTma laureatma; sxvadasxva biznesis, religiis, xelovnebis mimdinareobis, samecniero da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis uamravma warmomadgenelma da, pirvelad gaeros arsebobis istoriaSi, 600-ze metma bavSvma, rogorc delegatma da aqtiurma monawilem.

`msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~ 2002 wels gamarTul sagangebo sesiaze, istoriaSi pirvelad, axalgazrdebma uSualod mimarTes generalur asambleas da SesTavazes TavianTi mosazrebebi da SemoqmedebiTi gadawyvetilebebi. bavSvebis monawileobam gamoacocxla Sexvedra da gaaCina meti mizanmimarTulebisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. msoflios qveynebis liderebma gaaTviTcnobieres, rom, imisaTvis, rom Secvalon msoflio bavSvebisaTvis, maT msoflios Secvla bavSvebTan erTad mouwevT. am axalgazrdebis enTuziazmiT da xedviT STagonebulma generalurma asambleam miaRwia SeTanxmebas dokumentTan `msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~ dakavSirebiT – es aris detaluri gegma, romelic exeba jansaRi cxovrebis, ZiriTadi ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofas, aiv/Sids-is damarcxebas da bavSvebis dacvas Seuracxyofis, eqspluataciisa da Zaladobisagan. `iunisefis~ yofili aRmasrulebeli direqtoris, kerol belamis, TqmiT, `gaeros arc erT sxdomaze ar yofila mowveuli amdeni bavSvi da axalgazrda oficialuri delegatis saxiT... swored maTi monawileoba aqcevs sagangebod sagangebo sesias~. `msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~ adgens miznebs, romelTa Sesrulebis safuZvelze gaizomeba progresi 2015 wlisTvis gaeros aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebis miRwevaSi. igi aseve adgens miznebs konkretulad bavSvebisTvis:

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`bavSvebs, maT Soris mozardebs, unda hqondeT TavianTi uflebebis gamoyenebis saSualeba imisaTvis, rom Tavisuflad gamoxaton TavianTi azrebi, Camoayalibon sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis grZnoba, SeiZinon codna da unarebi, romlebic dakavSirebuli iqneba konfliqtebis gadaWrasTan, gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da urTierTobasTan, rac maT cxovrebaSi gamoadgebaT. aucilebelia bavSvebis, maT Soris mozardebis, azrebis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis uflebis pativiscema da xelSewyoba, aseve aucilebelia maTi Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswineba bavSvebTan dakavSirebul yvela sakiTxSi _ maT azrebs unda mieniWos Sesabamisi mniSvneloba maTi asakis da simwifis mixedviT. aucilebelia bavSvebis energiulobis da SemoqmedebiTobis xelSewyoba ise, rom maT SeZlon aqtiuri monawileobis miReba maTi garemocvis, Temebisa da im msoflios cxovrebaSi, romelic maT memkvidreobiT unda miiRon.~ es sityvebi da bavSvebis aqtiuri monawileoba generalur asambleaSi asaxavs bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-12 muxlSi mocemul ideebs – bavSvis Sexedulebis da azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis uflebas. yovel bavSvs, romelsac aqvs sakuTari azris formulirebis unari, aqvs am azrebis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis ufleba yvela im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, romelic uSualod moqmedebs mis cxovrebaze.

bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi gaeros bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sagangebo sesiis erT-erT sxdomaze ganixiles saxelmwifo strategiaSi bavSvebis CarTvis sakiTxi. prioritetuli reagirebisaTvis daadgines bavSvebis winaSe arsebuli oTxi ZiriTadi sakiTxi: janmrTeloba, ganaTleba, dacva Zaladobisgan, Seuracxyofisa da eqspluataciisgan da aiv/Sids-i. globaluri samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcielebis mizniT msoflios mTavrobebi SeTanxmdnen, moemzadebinaT bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi 2003 wlis bolosTvis. es samoqmedo gegmebi ganmartavs, rogor imuSavebs TiToeuli mTavroba globaluri samoqmedo gegmis miznebis da amocanebis SesrulebisTvis sakuTar qveynebSi. sagangebo sesiam yvelas daanaxva, Tu ra wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT bavSvebsa da mozardebs maTze moqmedi sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi da ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs gadawyvetilebis mimRebebisTvis bavSvebTan konsultirebas da maT mosmenas. mTeli msoflios bavSvebSi didi gamococxleba SeimCneoda sesiis Semdgom procesebSi maTi CarTvis gamo. bavSvebma da mozardebma mkafiod gamoxates, rom maT surdaT, mizanmimarTulad yofiliyvnen CarTuli qveynis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebis CamoyalibebaSi, ganxorcielebasa da monitoringSi. organizaciam `gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~ 14 qveynis 4 500 bavSvs hkiTxa, Tu ratom undaT am procesSi monawileoba. qvemoT CamoTvlilia maT mier dasaxelebuli mTavari mizezebi:  isini Tavad warmoadgenen aRniSnuli gegmebis uSualo mizans da yvelaze mniSvnelovan dainteresebul pirebs;

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 maT yvelaze kargad ician bavSvebis mdgomareoba da, aqedan gamomdinare, SeuZliaT daexmaron mTavrobebs bavSvebis problemebis ukeT gagebaSi;  yvela bavSvi ar aris erTnairi, mTavrobebma unda icodnen bavSvebis sxvadasxva jgufebis azrebi;  maT aqvT ufleba, Tavisuflad gamoTqvan TavianTi Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze, romelic maT exeba (gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-12 muxli);  bavSvebs da mozardebs SeuZliaT (da aqvT amis survili) garkveuli rolis Sesruleba gegmis ganxorcielebaSi;  maTi monawileobis Sedegad samoqmedo gegma ufro efeqtiani da qmedunariani gaxdeba;  gegma xels uwyobs demokratiis mSeneblobas da warmoSobs bavSvebSi pasuxismgeblobas sakuTari sicocxlis, Temebis da sazogadoebis mimarT;  maT didi wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT procesSi. globalur samoqmedo gegmasTan dakavSirebiT mTavrobebi SeTanxmdnen Semdegze: `Cven pativi unda vceT [bavSvebis da mozardebis] uflebas, Tavisuflad gamoxaton TavianTi Sexedulebebi da azri da monawileoba miiRon maTTan dakavSirebul yvela sakiTxSi maTi asakis da simwifis mixedviT. vinaidan erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi iqmneba bavSvebis cxovrebis gaumjobesebis da maTi uflebebis ganxorcielebis realobad qcevis mizniT, amitom didi mniSvneloba eniWeba Tavad bavSvebis da mozardebis monawileobas am gegmebis SemuSavebaSi. bavSvebi mTavari dainteresebuli pirebi arian da aucilebelia maTi mosmena imisaTvis, rom daisaxos swori miznebi da maTi miRwevis saukeTeso gzebi~.

bavSvebis monawileoba gaeros generaluri asambleis 2002 wels gamarTulma sesiam da saxelmwifo doneze erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebis Camoyalibebis procesma daanaxva sazogadoebas, Tu ra enTuziazmiT Sexvdnen bavSvebi monawileobas maTTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi. maTi monawileobis Sedegad bavSvebSi izrdeba Tanamonawileobisa da bavSvebis cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze momuSave organizaciebis mxridan dafasebis grZnoba. monawileoba ar aris martivi; mas sWirdeba liderebi erovnul, adgilobriv da saorganizacio doneebze. kerZod, saWiroa Zlieri lideri organizaciebSi bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis realuri da aqtiuri monawileobis SesaZleblobis inicirebisa da gafarToebisaTvis. organizaciebis mzadyofnasa da bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis CarTvis survilze mravali faqtori moqmedebs, maT Soris, kulturuli faseulobebi, resursebis sakiTxebi, ufrosebis azri bavSvTa Sexedulebebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb, organizaciaSi arsebuli SesaZleblobebi da TviT bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis mzadyofna monawileobisTvis. bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs monawileobisTvis sWirdebaT informacia, unarebi da

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sakuTari Tavis rwmena. monawileobisaTvis aucilebeli am unarebis Camoyalibeba ojaxSi iwyeba. ojaxebs SeuZliaT bavSvebs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mianiWon amis saSualeba maTTvis arCevanis SeTavazebis, maTi moqmedebebis da gadawyvetilebebis Sedegebis ganmartebis da maTi azrebis pativiscemis kulturis Camoyalibebis gziT. ojaxis Semdeg yvelaze didi mniSvneloba eniWeba skolaSi arsebul garemos da kulturas, romlis xelSewyobiTac bavSvebs SeuZliaT SeiZinon aqtiuri monawileobis da moqalaqeobis Cvevebi, unarebi da pasuxismgebloba. vinaidan bavSvebis umravlesoba udides dros atarebs saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, aRniSnuli dawesebulebebi aqtiurad unda TanamSromlobdnen bavSvebTan. skolebSi specialuri treningi unda gaiaron maswavleblebma da skolis TanamSromlebma, romlis daxmarebiTac isini SeZleben saskolo sabWoebis muSaobis da bavSvebis monawileobis xelSewyobas. skolebs ekisreba gansakuTrebuli pasuxismgebloba ganaTlebis procesSi ormxrivi komunikaciis xelSewyobaSi, sadac aqtiuri monawileebi bavSvebi arian.

Temis doneze adgilobriv xelisuflebas SeuZlia bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis konsultaciebis gamarTva, romelTa safuZvelze bavSvebi SeZleben sakuTari adgilobrivi sabWos arCevas, romelic, Tavis mxriv, SeZlebs monawileobas da integrirebas ufrosebis saqmianobaSi. sazogadoebaSi teqnologiebis sul ufro mzardi rolidan gamomdinare yalibdeba meqanizmebi, romlebic moicavs internetis gamoyenebas, xolo mobilur telefonebs kidev ufro metad SeuZlia monawileobis xelSewyoba. internetis msoflio qseli sul ufro farTovdeba da qmnis msoflios xalxebis forums, sadac bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs SeuZliaT sakuTari Sexedulebebisa da gamocdilebis gaziareba sxvebisTvis da Tavisi wvlilis Setana saxelmwifo politikis ganviTarebaSi saxelmwifo da adgilobriv doneebze.

monawileobiT miRebuli sargebloba gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi monawileobas pirdapiri sargebloba moaqvs bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis. isini iZenen iseT unarebs, rogoric aris gunduri muSaoba, molaparakebis warmoeba, problemebis mogvareba da zemoqmedeba. isini swavloben, rogor yalibdeba politika da rogor muSaoben organizaciebi. isini swavloben muSaobas ufrosebTan, rogorc partniorebTan, da swored aseTi monawileoba zrdis maTSi sakuTari Tavis rwmenas da sakuTari Tavis pativiscemas. monawileobis SesaZleblobas praqtikuli sargeblobis motana SeuZlia marginalizebuli bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis, romlebic ganicdian an gariyulni arian sazogadoebisgan, Tavisi Temis kulturuli, ekonomikuri Tu politikuri cxovrebidan.

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bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs TavianTi unikaluri perspeqtivebis da gamocdilebis SemoTavazeba SeuZliaT iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic gavlenas axdens maT cxovrebaze. Tu movusmenT bavSvebis azrs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda Seiqmnas, wardges, Sefasdes, Semowmdes da gaumjobesdes politika da momsaxurebebi, uzrunvelyofili iqneba am politikis Tu momsaxurebis Sesabamisoba maT saWiroebebTan da daukmayofilebeli saWiroebebis aRiareba. roca bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi monawileoben saxelmwifo politikis CamoyalibebaSi, isini ufrosebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis pasiuri mimRebebidan iqcevian `uflebamosil~ pirebad, romlebsac ZaluZT sakuTari da sazogadoebis cxovrebis Secvla. `mopovebuli informaciisa da warmomadgenelTa Sexedulebebis miRebis garda, TviT procesi wevrebs aZlevs sakiTxebis ganxilvis da momzadebis saSualebas da, aseve, mosalodnels xdis maT monawileobas cvlilebebis ganxorcielebaSi da ganamtkicebs maTSi sakuTari Tavisadmi, rogorc moqalaqisadmi, rwmenas~ (`usmineT axalgazrda xmebs~, maqolei da bratmani, `bavSvTa uflebebis aliansi~, 2002).

perspeqtivebi bavSvebisTvis: magaliTebi bavSvTa ombudsmeni evropis mTelma rigma qveynebma SemoiRes bavSvTa ombudsmenis Tanamdeboba, maT Soris avstriam, belgiam, xorvatiam, daniam, fineTma, islandiam, irlandiam, norvegiam, SvedeTma da espaneTma. konkretuli magaliTi: irlandia irlandiaSi bavSvTa ombudsmenis daniSvnis procesSi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis monawileobis marTva bavSvTa saxelmwifo ofisma ikisra, romelmac irlandiur procesebSi CarTo sxva qveynebis gamocdileba da rekomendaciebi. 64-ma axalgazrdam 9-dan 17 wlamde monawileoba miiRo ombudsmenis SerCevis da masTan gasaubrebis procesSi. maT aseve miiRes monawileoba axalgazrdebis sakonsultacio komisiis SeqmnaSi, romlis samuSaoa bavSvTa ombudsmenisTvis konsultaciis miwodeba im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac zegavlenis moxdena SeuZlia Tanamedrove axalgazrda irlandielebze. ofisTan regularul Sexvedrebze isini atyobineben ombudsmens maTTvis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs da uyvebian, Tu rogor isurvebdnen maT mogvarebas. ombudsmenis ofisi yuradRebas aqcevs iseTi struqturebis Camoyalibebas da gaumjobesebas, romlebic bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs miscems monawileobis saSualebas (rogoricaa Dail na nOg – axalgazrdebis parlamenti da Comhairle na nOg – axalgazrdebis sabWo). igi aseve axorcielebs monawileobasTan dakavSirebul proeqtebs saxelmwifo organoebTan, xelisuflebis departamentebTan da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamSromlobiT. bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi monawileobasTan dakavSirebiT ganxorcielebuli proeqtebi iyo sakmaod farTo da moicavda TanamSromlobas mraval dainteresebul

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mxaresTan. samuSaos magaliTebia:  konsultaciebi axalgazrdebTan im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes seqsualuri aqtivobis asakis gansazRvrisas;  muSaoba irlandiis samauwyeblo komisiasTan bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis CarTvis sakiTxebze im saxelmwifo procesebSi, romlebic exeba bavSvebis sakiTxebs sareklamo kodeqsSi;  `axalgazrdobis xmebis” Seqmna: saxelmZRvanelo principebi imisa, Tu rogor unda moxdes bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis CarTva muSaobaSi, irlandiis axalgazrdobis saxelmwifo sabWosTan da bavSvTa uflebebis aliansTan TanamSromlobis safuZvelze;  bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis CarTva janmrTelobis dacvis momsaxurebaTa dagegmvaSi.

bavSvTa parlamentebi axalgazrdebis parlamentebi arsebobs msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, rac uzrunvelyofs axalgazrdebis monawileobas momavlis SenebaSi. `oqsfam interneiSenalis~ (Oxfam International) axalgazrduli parlamenti warmoadgens `Oxfam International~-is iniciativas. `Oxfam International~-is axalgazrduli parlamenti mobilizebas uwevs axalgazrda liderebsa da aqtivistebs pozitiuri da mdgradi cvlilebebis Setanis sakiTxebSi TanamSromlobisTvis. igi axerxebs amas axalgazrdobis iniciativebis mxardaWeriT, SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebis programebis daxmarebiT da axalgazrdebis TanadgomiT maTi da maTi Temebis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvaSi. `oqsfam interneiSenalis~ axalgazrduli parlamenti mxars uWers axalgazrdebs, rogorc liderebs, cvlilebebis Semotanis mizniT dadebiTi, mdgradi, inovaciuri da Temze orientirebuli iniciativebis ganxorcielebaSi.

konkretuli magaliTi: axalgazrduli sabWo, safrangeTi axalgazrduli sabWoebi safrangeTSi 1970-iani wlebidan muSaobs. amJamad maTi raodenoba ramdenime aseuls aRwevs. maTi funqciaa bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis problemebis Setyobineba adgilobrivi TemebisTvis. 1991 wels daarsda bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis saqalaqo sabWoebis erovnuli asociacia. mis pirvel Sexvedras 700 axalgazrda da 400 zrdasruli daeswro; Semdgom Sexvedrebs eswrebodnen ministrebi.

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axalgazrduli sabWoebis miRwevebi mniSvnelovania – sqeitbordis ferdobebis ageba, moednebis mowyoba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebisTvis, multfilmebis videoTeka, gaumjobesebuli satransporto saSualebebi, socialuri RonisZiebebi, qalaqis rukebis Seqmna brailis sistemiT, videofirebis gadaReba, sadac asaxulia bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis problemebi maT mSobliur qalaqebSi. axalgazrduli sabWoebis raodenoba da maTi arsebobis xangrZlivoba gviCvenebs, Tu ra seriozulad ganixileba amgvari organoebi safrangeTSi. maTi efeqtianobis mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgens politikuri valdebulebebi maT mimarT rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve adgilobriv doneebze. isini seriozulad ganixileba rogorc adgilobriv sazogadoebaSi axalgazrdebis mniSvnelovani rolis Sesrulebis efeqtiani saSualeba.

axalgazrdebis evropuli forumi warmoadgens saerTaSoriso organizacias, romelic Camoyalibda axalgazrduli erovnuli sabWoebisa da axalgazrdebis saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier evropis yvela kuTxis axalgazrdebis interesebis gamoxatvis mizniT. forumi stimuls aZlevs axalgazrdebs monawileobisTvis evropisa da im sazogadoebebis mowyobaSi, sadac isini cxovroben. igi warmoadgens axalgazrdebis organizaciebs saerTaSoriso dawesebulebebSi – umTavresad evrokavSirSi, evrosabWosa da gaeroSi. maTi saSualebiT imarTeba informaciis nakadi axalgazrdebsa da gadawyvetilebebis mimRebTa Soris. forumSi gaerTianebulia 93 wevri axalgazrduli erovnuli sabWoebidan da axalgazrdebis saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan. forumi aerTianebs aTobiT milion axalgazrdas evropis yvela qveynidan. axalgazrdebis parlamenti warmoadgens gaerTianebuli samefos iniciativas, romelic Seiqmna axalgazrdebis dasaxmareblad maTTvis saintereso yvela sakiTxze xmis uflebis mopovebaSi. organizacia Seiqmna birminhemSi forumis saxiT, sadac axalgazrdebs SeeZloT Sexvedra erTmaneTTan sxvadasxva sakiTxis gansaxilvelad da iseTi politikis Camosayalibeblad, romelic qalaqs axalgazrdebisTvis ukeTes adgilad gadaaqcevda. amJamad axalgazrdebis parlamenti regionis sabaziso organizaciaa, igi aseve axorcielebs saxelmwifo da saerTaSoriso RonisZiebebs da akavSirebs erTmaneTTan axalgazrdebs.

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konkretuli magaliTi: bavSvTa parlamenti sloveniaSi sloveniaSi 1990 wels saparlamento demokratiis SemoRebasTan erTad Seiqmna bavSvTa parlamenti. yovel wels bavSvebs skolaSi eZlevaT raime erTi Tema da misi siRrmiseulad Seswavlis saSualeba. 13-15 wlis 100-ze met axalgazrdas Tavis skolebSi irCeven sloveniis parlamentSi Seswavlili sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad SexvedrisTvis. Sexvedris bolosTvis isini irCeven Temas momavali wlisTvis. pirveli wlis sakiTxs warmoadgenda `usafrTxo da jansaRi garemo~. bavSvTa parlamentis meore SexvedrisTvis suraTi Zirfesvianad Seicvala. sloveniaSi, xorvatiasa da bosniaSi omi daiwyo. axalgazrdebi parlaments iyenebdnen momavalTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari azrebis gamosaxatavad da xmamaRla acxadebdnen TavianT SeniSvnebs politikosebis mimarT, romlebmac ver SeZles qmediTi mTavrobis Seqmna. isini gamoxatavdnen risxvas, SiSsa da Ralatis SegrZnebas omTan dakavSirebiT, daucvelobis grZnobas, skolaSi siarulis SeuZleblobas. politikosebi iZulebuli iyvnen, maTTvis moesminaT. maT parlamentSi sabolood warmoadgines angariSi samuSaos mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, romelSic mocemuli iyo wina parlamentis mier gakeTebuli rekomendaciebi. marTalia, angariSi mxolod ramdenime konkretulad Sesrulebul sakiTxs moicavda, magram igi uCvenebda bavSvebs, rom maTi azrebi seriozulad ganixileba. parlamentis mesame sxdoma fokusirebuli iyo bavSvebisTvis megobruli garemos mqone skolis Seqmnaze. wina wlebisgan gansxvavebiT, yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyo gaumjobesebaze da ara kritikaze. arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone faqtori, romelsac unda eCvenebina, rom parlamenti ar iyo ubralod simboluri Jesti, iyo is, rom politikosebma uCvenes yvelas, rom maT surdaT bavSvebis mosmena, maTi winadadebebisa da maT mier wamoWrili sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba da praqtikulad moqmedeba, rodesac ki es SesaZlebeli iqneboda. garda amisa, procesma yvelas daanaxva, rom bavSvebs SeuZliaT sakuTar TavSi demokratiuli pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis Camoyalibeba.

monawileobisTvis arsebuli barierebi miuxedavad kargi magaliTebisa, bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis xmebis mniSvnelobis gaTviTcnobiereba da maTTan praqtikuli muSaoba jer kidev Canasaxis stadiaSia. saxelmwifo politikasTan dakavSirebuli konsultaciebi bavSvebTan da axalgazrdebTan kvlavac axal da bolomde gaurkvevel koncefciad rCeba. jer kidev bevria gasakeTebeli imisaTvis, rom bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis xmebi struqturulad CairTos samoqalaqo sazogadoebis gadawyvetilebebSi. gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi monawileobis miRebisas axalgazrdebis mxardaWera ufrosebisTvis rTuli da sapasuxismgeblo amocanaa, Tumca jer kidev cota

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maTgani Tu gadis Sesabamis trenings. ufrosebis (maT Soris mSoblebis) uaryofiTi damokidebuleba axalgazrdebis monawileobis mimarT bariers qmnis. miuxedavad imisa, rom axalgazrdebi sul ufro metad ebmebian monawileobaze dafuZnebul proeqtebSi, Sefasebis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom maTi gavlena saxelmwifo gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze jer kidev mcirea, Tumca es maCvenebeli gansxvavdeba konteqstebis da sxvadasxva tipis organizaciebis mixedviT. kidev karga xani gava, vidre bavSvebis mosmenis kultura maTTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis nawili gaxdeba. imisaTvis, rom daculi iyos bavSvebis ufleba, moisminon maTi azri, ufrosebma jerovani yuradReba unda miaqcion da gaiTvaliswinon maTi Sexedulebebi.

Sefaseba ganixileT Tqvens qveyanaSi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis statusi da mis SemuSavebaSi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis monawileoba.

damatebiTi literatura da resursebi bavSvebTan Sexvedris oficialuri angariSi: bavSvebis sakiTxebze momuSave ombudsmenebis evropuli qseli, 17/11/2003: http://www.ombudsmet.org/Organisations/vieworg.asp?id=2872&fromEnoc=e gaeros bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sagangebo sesiaze bavSvebis monawileobis Sedegad miRebuli 12 gakveTili, `Save the Children~, 2004: http://www.savethechildren.ca/whatwedo/rights/12lessons stc.pdf irlandiis obmudsmenis ofisi, 2005-2006 wlis wliuri angariSi http://www.oco.ie/whatsNew/annual reports.aspx msoflio moZraoba bavSvebisTvis: http://www.gmfc.org/index.php/gmc6/homepage bavSvebis CarTva bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis CamoyalibebaSi: saerTo miTiTebebi mTavrobebisTvis; 2002, `Save the Children~: www.crin.org/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=3145 `SeiZleba

saocrebis

gazomva:

saxelmwifo

gadawyvetilebebis

miRebaSi

axalgazrdebis

monawileobis Sefaseba da kvleva~; perpetua qirbi, karnegis axalgazrdaTa iniciativa: http://cypi.carnegieuktrust.org.uk/files/2643 MeasuretheMagic 001.pdf

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Tavi 2: bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika 1. qcevis kodeqsebi da saredaqcio saxelmZRvanelo principebi ZiriTadi Sesaswavli Temebi  ra saWiroa qcevis kodeqsebi?  kodeqsebi detaluri da normatiuli unda iyos Tu zogad principebs moicavdes?  qcevis kodeqsebi da movaleoba  qcevis kodeqsebi da presis Tavisufleba  pasuxismgeblobis da Tavisuflebis Sedareba

qcevis kodeqsebi im wesebis krebulebia, romlebiTac imarTeba qceva da saredaqcio gadawyvetilebebis miReba. msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi Camoyalibebuli Jurnalisturi qcevis kodeqsebi exmianeba profesionali Jurnalistebis winaSe wamoWril sirTuleebs. es principebi JurnalistebisTvis ufro farTod cnobilia profesiuli eTikis kodeqsis, qcevis kodeqsis an Jurnalistikis kanonebis saxeliT. ZiriTad kodeqsebs, Cveulebriv, adgenen JurnalistTa profesiuli asociaciebi da, agreTve, individualuri sagamomcemlo, samauwyeblo da internet-axali ambebis organizaciebi.

Tumca kodeqsebSi SeiniSneba garkveuli gansxvaveba. ZiriTadad, maTSi mocemulia iseTi saerTo elementebi, rogorebicaa WeSmaritebis principebi, sizuste, obieqturoba, miukerZoebloba, samarTlianoba, pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba sazogadoebis winaSe faseuli informaciis mopovebisTvis gamoyenebuli sainformacio wyaroebis anonimurobis dacvasa da amgvari informaciis sazogadoebisTvis Setyobinebaze. mravali sxva eTikuri sistemis msgavsad, Jurnalisturi eTika moicavs `zianis SezRudvis~ princips. es xSirad niSnavs iseTi detalebis dafarvas sazogadoebisgan, rogorebicaa bavSvebis vinaoba, gaupatiurebis msxverplTa vinaoba, informacia, romelsac ar gaaCnia raime mniSvnelovani kavSiri konkretul ambavTan (romlis gamJRavnebas, magaliTad, SeuZlia vinmesTvis zianis miyeneba) da, aseve, TviTmkvlelobis dros gamoyenebuli meTodebi.

Jurnalistikis kodeqsebis ganviTareba Jurnalistikis aRiarebuli principebis mizania sazogadoebisTvis umaRlesi xarisxis ambebis miwodeba, informaciis gavrcelebis misiis ganxorcieleba saxelmwifo interesTa momsaxurebis mizniT. Tu ras niSnavs `saxelmwifo interesi~, dRemde debatebis sagania. igi SeiZleba exebodes `saerTo~ an `zogad~ keTildReobas. gaerTianebuli samefos da irlandiis JurnalistTa erovnulma kavSirma

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Camoayaliba Tavisi Tvalsazrisi `saxelmwifo interesebis~ mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebiT:  seriozuli danaSaulis an samarTaldarRvevis aRmoCena an gamoaSkaraveba;  sazogadoebis janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis dacva;  romelime individis an organizaciis raime gancxadebis saSualebiT sazogadoebis SecdomaSi Seyvanis Tavidan acileba;  saxelmwifo organoebis mier saxelmwifo saxsrebis aradaniSnulebisamebr gamoyenebis an korufciis sxva formebis gamomJRavneba;  xelisuflebisa da zegavlenis mqone jgufebs Soris interesTa potenciuri konfliqtis gamoaSkaraveba;  korporaciuli angarebis gamovlena;  farisevluri qcevis gamomJRavneba maRali Tanamdebobis pirebis mxridan. zogadad Tu vimsjelebT, Jurnalisturi kodeqsebi warmoiqmna Jurnalistebis Zvel eTikur Secdomebze dakvirvebis da maTze reagirebis safuZvelze. dRes dasaqmebis zogierTi piroba savaldebulod acxadebs amgvari kodeqsebis dacvas, rogorc TanamSromlebis, aseve StatgareSe JurnalistebisTvis; Jurnalistebi SeiZleba daiTxovon samuSao adgilebidan eTikuri kodeqsis darRvevis gamo.

Jurnalistebi Zalian xSirad aRmoaCenen xolme, rom, Tu ar surT samsaxuris dakargva, sakuTari eTikuri Sexedulebis sawinaaRmdegod mouwevT moqmedeba. msoflioSi qcevis pirveli kodeqsi 1936 wels gamosca gaerTianebuli samefos da irlandiis JurnalistTa erovnulma kavSirma, rogorc damqiravebelma organom. kodeqsebis formulireba xSirad warmoadgenda Jurnalistebis gamoxmaurebas sakiTxebze, romlebic dakavSirebuli iyo mediasaSualebaTa sakuTrebasTan da sakuTrebis koncentraciasTan. Jurnalisturi eTikis kodeqsebi Seqmnilia gzis gasakvlevad sxvadasxva iseT sirTuleebSi, rogorebicaa interesTa konfliqti an Jurnalistebis daxmareba eTikur dilemebTan dakavSirebiT. kodeqsebi Jurnalistebs aZlevs sistemas TviTmonitoringisa da sakuTari saqcielis cvlilebisTvis. profesiuli standartebis dacva aseve zrdis axali ambebis saagentoebis reputacias da ndobas maT mimarT, rac, Tavis mxriv, zrdis maTi mkiTxvelebisa Tu auditoriis moculobas. axali ambebis im organizaciebSi, romlebmac miiRes Jurnalisturi eTikis zogadi standartebi da cdiloben maT dacvas, SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyo maTi muSaobis da aRniSnuli standartebis dacvis xarisxi. miuxedavad amisa, axali ambebis saagentos sam upirveles aqtivs warmoadgens profesionalizmi, sandooba da angariSvaldebuleba sazogadoebis winaSe. organizacia maRal reputacias moipovebs da inarCunebs, nawilobriv, eTikuri standartebis mudmivi dacviT, rac zegavlenas axdens mis mdgomareobaze sazogadoebaSi da dargSi. yvelaze maRali reputaciis mqone inglisurenovan gamocemebsa da mauwyeblobebs Sorisaa: britaneTis samauwyeblo korporacia (BBC), kanadis samauwyeblo korporacia (CBC), gazeTi `gardiani~ (Guardian) (romelsac hyavs mkiTxvelTa warmomadgeneli); aSS-Si `uoSington posti~ (Washington Post), `niu iork taimsi~

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(New York Times)�, `uol strit jorneli~ (Wall Street Journal), axali ambebis sakabelo arxi (CNN), erovnuli sazogadoebrivi radio (NPR) da saxelmwifo mauwyeblobis samsaxuri (PBS). zemoT CamoTvlili organizaciebis umetesobas aqvs sakuTari saredaqcio saxelmZRvanelo principebi.

presis Tavisufleba kodeqsebi SemuSavebuli aqvT im qveynebis axali ambebis organizaciebs, sadac presas miniWebuli aqvs Tavisufleba. zogierT qveyanaSi erTze meti kodeqsi arsebobs. Cveulebriv, gazeTebsa da mauwyeblobebs gansxvavebuli kodeqsebi aqvT da isini gansxvavebul iuridiul bazas asaxavs. mauwyeblobaTa Jurnalistebi ufro regulirebul garemoSi muSaoben. ganviTarebul qveynebSi presis Tavisufleba gulisxmobs, rom yvela adamians aqvs sakuTari azris werilobiT an misTvis sasurveli sxva formiT gamoxatvis ufleba. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi naTqvamia: `yvelas aqvs azrisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba. es Tavisufleba moicavs adamianis uflebas, hqondes sakuTari azri da daubrkoleblad moiZios, miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia da mosazrebebi yovelgari saSualebiT, miuxedavad sazRvrebisa~. arasamTavrobo organizaciebma Seamowmes presis Tavisuflebis done msoflioSi. organizaciam `reportiorebi sazRvrebs gareSe~, romlis saqmianoba adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis zemoxsenebul muxls eyrdnoba, Camoayaliba msoflio presis Tavisuflebis indeqsi, romlis gamoyenebiTac igi iTvlis romelime qveyanaSi mokluli, JurnalistTa rigebidan garicxuli an Seuracxyofili Jurnalistebis raodenobas, saxelmwifo monopoliis arsebobas televiziasa Tu radioSi da cenzuris an TviTcenzuris dones mediaSi. igi aseve afasebs mediis saerTo damoukideblobas da im sirTuleebs, romlebic SeiZleba warmoiSvas ucxoeli Jurnalistebis winaSe. organizaciis `reportiorebi sazRvrebs gareSe~ informaciiT, msoflios mosaxleobis mesamedze meti cxovrobs iseT qveynebSi, sadac presa ar aris Tavisufali (qveynebis klasificireba mocemulia internetSi misamarTze http://www.rsf.org/). im sxva organizaciebs Soris, romlebic monitorings uweven presis Tavisuflebas, aris JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia. presis damoukideblobis cneba mWidrod ukavSirdeba presis Tavisuflebis cnebas. imisaTvis, rom mediam kargad imuSaos demokratiis pirobebSi, aucilebelia misi Tavisufleba rogorc politikuri, aseve ekonomikuri zewolisagan.

Jurnalisturi standartebis da eTikis Temas aSS-Si yvelaze xmamaRla ganixilavs profesional JurnalistTa sazogadoeba. misi eTikis kodeqsis preambulaSi naTqvamia: `...sazogadoebis ganaTleba win uZRvis samarTlianobas da demokratiis

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safuZvels warmoadgens.

Jurnalistis movaleobaa aRniSnulisken swrafva simarTlis gziT da movlenebisa da sakiTxebis samarTliani da yovlismomcveli gaSuqeba. mediis nebismieri formis da sferos samarTliani Jurnalistebi cdiloben, umwikvlod da gulwrfelad emsaxuron sazogadoebas. Jurnalistisadmi ndobis safuZvels profesiuli wesiereba da Tanmimdevruloba warmoadgens.~ es exmaureba amerikis konstitucias, sadac sityvis Tavisufleba daculia kanoniT, xolo cnobili pirveli Sesworeba acxadebs, rom `kongresi ar miiRebs raime imgvar kanons, romelic SezRudavs sityvis an presis Tavisuflebas...~ axali respublikis mier gamocxadebul arc erT doqtrinas ar gamouwvevia aseTi didi gamoxmaureba msoflioSi, rogorc azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis deklaracias. Tumca sxvadasxva saxelmwifos SeiZleba sakuTari mizezi hqondes Jurnalistebis qcevis SezRudvisTvis _ magaliTad, JurnalistebisTvis samuSao licenziis gacemisTvis mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini mTavrobis survilebis mixedviT moqmedeben. amgvari damokidebuleba miuRebeli unda iyos JurnalistisTvis, romelic afasebs sakuTar damoukideblobas da sakuTar Tavs ganixilavs rogorc sazogadoebis Tvalebs da yurebs da ara rogorc marionets elitis xelSi. mTavrobebs xSirad `mediis araswori moqmedeba~ mohyavT mizezad imisTvis, rom gaamarTlon maTTvis dawesebuli SezRudvebi. ai, ratom aris mniSvnelovani JurnalistikisTvis TviTregulireba iseTi sistemiT, romelic iqneba gamWvirvale da zogadad miRebuli mediis sferoSi. mediis regulireba sul ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba, Tumca aseve xSiria sruliad sawinaaRmdego azrebic. zogierTi gamonaklisiT, winaaRmdegobis koncentrireba xdeba ara im standartebze, romlebiskenac unda miiswrafodes media demokratiul garemoSi, aramed TviTregulirebis da kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze regulirebis urTierTsawinaaRmdego mxareebze. magaliTad, gaerTianebuli samefos presis sabWos qcevis kodeqsi gansazRvravs Jurnalistebisa da redaqtorebisaTvis mTel rig standartebs, maT Soris sizustes, piradi cxovrebis pativiscemis zogierT formas, dacvas bavSvebisa da daucveli pirebisTvis, magram ara _ samarTlianobas an miukerZoeblobas.

Tumca es kodeqsi ar aris kanonis ZaliT savaldebulo. presis sabWom Seadgina igi sakanonmdeblo regulirebis Sesaferxeblad garkveuli xarisxis TviTregulirebis dawesebiT. qcevis kodeqss zurgs umagrebs saCivrebis procedura da ara Jurnalistebisa da redaqtorebis qcevis yoveldRiuri disciplina. misi ganmtkicebis reJimi seleqciuri da retrospeqtiulia: presis saCivrebis komisia, romelic Sedgeba gazeTis redaqtorebisa da araprofesionali wevrebisgan, Seiswavlis saCivarebs kodeqsis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT da gamoaqvs saTanado gadawyvetilebebi. kodeqsebi, romlebic Seqmnilia Jurnalisturi organizaciebis, profkavSirebis,

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presis sabWoebis an `bi-bi-si~-s msgavsi organizaciebis mier da uzrunvelyofs saxelmZRvanelo principebs da xelmZRvanelobas, SeiZleba SevadaroT iseT kodeqsebs, romlebic iZleva miTiTebebs da asrulebs maregulirebeli wesebis funqcias, rogorebicaa presis sabWoebis kodeqsebi skandinaviis qveynebSi. arsebobs winaaRmdegoba im adamianebs Soris, romlebic yvela tipis kodeqsebs presis Tavisuflebis SezRudvad miiCneven da romlebic kodeqsebSi xedaven daxmarebas pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse JurnalistikisaTvis. es ukanaskneli Sexeduleba, ZiriTadad, axasiaTebs evropul tradicias, xolo pirveli ufro amerikeli JurnalistebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, romelTa tradicia gamomdinareobs aSS-is konstituciis zemoT moyvanili pirveli Sesworebidan.

ras unda moicavdes kodeqsi? miuxedavad imisa, zedmetad dawvrilebiTia Tu ara miTiTebebis Semcveli kodeqsi, igi SeiZleba moicavdes sityvis Tavisuflebas da Jurnalistur gamoZiebas. magram kodeqsi, iqneba es mxolod misi monaxazi Tu dawvrilebiTi teqsti, SeiZleba imden saSualebas Seicavdes interpretaciisTvis, rom TiTqmis SeuZlebeli gaxdes misi amoqmedeba. efeqtianobisTvis kodeqsSi mocemuli unda iyos ZiriTadi principebi, romelTa safuZvelzec surT Jurnalistebs sakuTari Sromisa Tu qcevis Sefaseba. magaliTad, marTalia, Jurnalistebs aqvT sakuTari azris gamoTqmis ufleba, maTi mxridan Tanamdebobis borotad gamoyenebaa maTi piradi Sexedulebebis warmoCena da iseTi informaciis ugulebelyofa, romelsac isini ar eTanxmebian. axali ambebis komentireba da analizi kanonieri da sasurveli saSualebaa, romlis daxmarebiTac xdeba azrebis gaziareba, Tumca gansxvaveba unda gakeTdes axal ambebsa da informacias da komentarsa Tu analizs Soris. regulirebis nebismieri forma uzrunvelyofs angariSvaldebulebis sistemas. am sistemis arsebiTi damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba is aris, rom `wesebi~ zegavlenas axdens praqtikul muSaobaze – an Sesabamisobis garantirebiT, an darRvevebis swrafad aRdgenis uzrunvelyofiT. mediis TviTregulireba angariSvaldebulebis gansakuTrebuli formaa, vinaidan misi mizania sazogadoebis darwmuneba imaSi, rom SeiZleba mediis sferos profesionalebis ndoba, rom isini daicaven sazogadoebis uflebas _ hqondes Tavisufali da damoukidebeli media. sawyis wertilad TviT praqtokosebi unda mogvevlinon. adamianebis umetesoba dasTanxmdeba Semdegi sakiTxebis kodeqsSi Setanas:  mediis Tavisuflebis principebis, sazogadoebis uflebis, xeli miuwvdebodes informaciaze da Jurnalistebi uflebis, imoqmedon sakuTari sindisis mixedviT, dacva;  sizuste da uzustobebis gasworeba;

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 faqtebisa da komentarebis gansxvaveba;  piradi cxovrebis pativiscema, gansakuTrebiT janmrTelobis arasaxarbielo mdgomareobisas da uaxloesi adamianis dakargvis dros;  bavSvebis, danaSaulis msxverplis an sxva daucveli jgufebis dacva;  informaciis wyaroebis dacva;  zianis miyenebis da diskriminaciis Tavidan acileba;  waqezebis da interesTa konfliqtis Tavidan acileba. yovelTvis iarsebebs wesebidan gamonaklisi. marTalia, sizuste mediis yvela profesionalisTvis xelSeuxebel siwmindes unda warmoadgendes, aseve saWiroa miTiTebebis Camoyalibeba iseTi SemTxvevebisTvis, roca ufro metma sargeblobam (sazogadoebis uflebam, icodes) _ rasac zogjer `sazogadoebis upirvelesi interesis sagans~ uwodeben _ SeiZleba gaamarTlos kodeqsidan gadaxveva. gaerTianebul samefoSi, magaliTad, azris gamoxatvis ufleba TavisTavad ganixileba `saxelmwifo interesis~ konteqstSi. rogorc sagazeTo industria (presis saCivarTa komisia), aseve gaerTianebuli samefosa da irlandiis JurnalistTa erovnuli kavSiri moiTxovs `gamonaklis~ garemoebebs kodeqsis iseTi darRvevebis dasasabuTeblad, roca saqme exeba bavSvebs, magram aseve aRiarebs, rom gadaxra maTi (msgavsi, magram gansxvavebuli) kodeqsebidan SeiZleba dasabuTdes, Tu misi motivia:  danaSaulis an seriozuli administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis aRmoCena an gamoaSkaraveba;  sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis da usafrTxoebis dacva;  sazogadoebis dacva romelime individis Tu organizaciis araswori gancxadebis an qmedebisgan. efeqtianobis misaRwevad aucileblad unda arsebobdes kodeqsis Sesrulebis zedamxedvelobis saSualeba _ Jurnalisturi organizaciebisa Tu iseTi arasaxelmwifo organos mier, romelsac endoba rogorc media, aseve sazogadoeba – da romlis daxmarebiT darRvevebis SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebeli iqneba garkveuli formiT situaciis gamosworeba an kompensaciis miReba.

Jan klod bertrani (ix. qvemoT) gvirCevs, rom xarisxis kontroli SeiZleba Caataros dainteresebul pirTa samma jgufma – mflobelebma, profesionalebma da momxmareblebma – cal-calke an erTad sxvadasxva kombinaciaSi, da amisaTvis gamoiyenon `mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi“.

mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi is saSualebebia, romlebic uzrunvelyofs mediis socialur pasuxismgeblobas da mediisa da Jurnalistebis mxridan profesionalTa mier dadgenili eTnikuri wesebis pativiscemas. mediis angariSvaldebulebis yvela sistemis mizania axal

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ambebze momuSave mediis gaumjobeseba, Tumca aRniSnuli sistemebi Zalian mravalferovania. es SeiZleba iyvnen:  individebi (magaliTad, ombudsmeni an mkiTxvelTa warmomadgenlebi);  adamianebis jgufebi (magaliTad, Sinaarsis Semfasebeli komisiebi);  regularuli Sexvedrebi (magaliTad, presis adgilobrivi sabWoebi);  individualuri dokumentebi (magaliTad, eTikuri kodeqsebi);  mcire media (magaliTad, Jurnalisturi ganxilvebi);  sagangebo operaciebi (magaliTad, eTikuri auditi);  xangrZlivi procesi (magaliTad, sauniversiteto ganaTleba an siRrmiseuli kvleva). mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi ramdenime mizans isaxavs. es miznebia:  kritika, mediis gamosworebis yvelaze martivi da yvelaze popularuli meTodi;  monitoringi, amJamad aucilebeli, radgan gamodis uamravi mediaproduqti, Tumca maTi sicocxlis xangrZlivoba moklea;  mediis xelmisawvdomoba - yvelas unda SeeZlos yvela saxis mediiT sargebloba da mosaxleobis yvela jgufs unda SeeZlos informaciis gavrceleba mediasaSualebebiT;  treningi, mediis problemaTa umetesobis grZelvadiani gadaWra: rogorc profesionalTa ganaTleba, ise moqalaqeebis aRqmis unaris gazrda. mediis angariSvaldebulebis zogierTi sistema warmoiSva Tavad mediaSi (amis magaliTia mediasaSualebebSi araswori informaciisTvis bodiSis moxda), sxvebi gaCnda sistemis gareT (magaliTad, Jurnalisturi ganxilva), xolo zogierTi efuZneba TanamSromlobas mediasa da sazogadoebas Soris (magaliTad, presis sabWoebi).

Secdomebis aRiareba yovelTvis Znelia, gansakuTrebiT iseT sferoSi, romlis funqciaa sando informaciis miwodeba sazogadoebisTvis im movlenebisa da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebic zemoqmedebas axdens mis cxovrebaze. magram Secdomis aRiareba saqveynod da uzrunvelyofa imisa, rom amgvari Secdomebi aRar gameordes, yvelaze efeqtiani gzaa mediasa da sazogadoebas Soris ndobis ganmtkicebisTvis.

saerTaSoriso kodeqsebi msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveynis mier bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ratificireba miuTiTebs imaze, rom adamianis da bavSvis uflebebi sayovelTao da ganuyofel

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uflebebad ganixileba. da mainc, aris Tu ara raime sayovelTao standartebi, romlebsac unda icavdes Jurnalisti? dRevandlamde ar Seqmnila JurnalistTa qcevis sayovelTao kodeqsi. arsebobs mravali regionuli da saxelmwifo kodeqsi, saerTaSoriso korporaciebs Camoyalibebuli aqvT Tavisi sakuTari miTiTebebi (Tumca adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos Seqmnili aqvs presis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebuli wesebi). werilobiTi formiT Camoyalibebuli kodeqsebi da praqtikuli standartebi gansxvavdeba sxvadasxva qveyanasa da organizaciaSi, Tumca ZiriTadad mainc xSiria maT Soris Tanxvedra. eTikis kodeqsi zrdis eTikuri sakiTxebis aRqmis da maTze msjelobis unars, ganamtkicebs daxmarebas individis mimarT moraluri TvalsazrisiT da xels uwyobs organizaciis identurobis grZnobis Camoyalibebas.

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis azriT, Jurnalisturi samuSaos safuZvels warmoadgens sityvis da informaciis Tavisufleba. igi mouwodebs saredaqcio damoukideblobisa da mediis TviTregulirebisken da xels uwyobs debatebs JurnalistikaSi eTikasTan dakavSirebiT. igi aseve propagandas uwevs profesiul standartebs, rogoricaa deklaracia Jurnalistebis qcevis principebis Sesaxeb. federaciam specialuri saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi Camoayaliba bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze muSaobisTvis. Jurnalisturi saqmianoba, romelic exeba bavSvebis cxovrebasa Tu keTildReobas, yovelTvis unda ganxorcieldes bavSvebis daucvelobis donis gaTvaliswinebiT. JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis kodeqsi Zalian mniSvnelovania, vinaidan igi mravali saxelmwifos kodeqsebs daedo safuZvlad.

bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli qcevis kodeqsi JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom yvela Jurnalistis da mediis profesionalis valia ara mxolod umaRlesi eTikuri da profesiuli standartebis dacva, aramed bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Sesaxeb informaciis rac SeiZleba farTod gavrceleba.

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis azriT, mediaorganizaciebi bavSvis uflebaTa darRvevis da bavSvis usafrTxoebasTan, pirad cxovrebasTan, uSiSroebasTan, ganaTlebasTan, janmrTelobis dacvasa da socialur uzrunvelyofasTan, aseve eqspluataciis yvela formasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs unda ganixilavdnen, rogorc gamoZiebisa da sazogadoebrivi msjelobis sagans. garda amisa, media ar unda ganixilavdes da acnobdes sazogadoebas bavSvebis Sesaxeb siuJetebs mxolod rogorc calkeul ambebs. igi mudmivad unda saubrobdes im procesebze, romlebsac mivyavarT an SeuZlia Cveni miyvana amgvar SemTxvevebamde.

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JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo principebi

Jurnalistebma da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebma yvelaferi unda gaakeTon imisaTvis, rom ar gadauxvion umaRles eTikur standartebsa da normebs bavSvTa problemebis gaSuqebisas. kerZod: 1. bavSvebis sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas maT Zalisxmeva ar unda daiSuron sizustisa da koreqtulobis dasacavad; 2. unda moeridon iseTi fotoebisa da informaciis gamoqveynebas bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnil mediasivrceSi, romelic saziano iqneba maTTvis; 3. moeridon publikaciebis gapopularebis mizniT bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis sensaciur da stereotipul gaSuqebas; 4. bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri masalis gamoqveynebisas saguldagulod awon-dawonon SesaZlo Sedegebi da minimumamde daiyvanon zianis faqtori; 5. Tu amas sazogadoebrivi interesi ar moiTxovs, daicvan bavSvis vinaoba da ar gamoaqveynon misi fotoebi; 6. rodesac es SesaZlebelia, miscen bavSvebs masmediis saSualebiT TavianTi azrebis gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba yovelgvari zewolis gareSe; 7. uzrunvelyon bavSvis mier mowodebuli informaciis damoukidebeli Semowmeba da gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcion imas, rom am informaciis Semowmebisas informator bavSvs safrTxe ar Seeqmnas; 8. moeridon bavSvebis gamoqveynebas;

seqsualur

formaSi

gadaRebuli

fotoebis

9. gamoiyenon bavSvebis fotoebis mopovebis samarTliani, Ria da pirdapiri meTodebi da, rodesac es SesaZlebelia, moipovon isini bavSvebis, maTze pasuxismgebeli piris an meurvis TanxmobiT; 10. Seamowmon im organizaciebis uflebamosileba, romlebic bavSvebis saxeliT laparakoben an warmoadgenen bavSvTa interesebs; 11. bavSvis cxovrebis pirobebis amsaxveli siuJetisaTvis mopovebuli masalis safasuri ar gadauxadon arc bavSvs da arc bavSvis mSoblebsa Tu meurveebs, Tu es namdvilad bavSvis interesebSi ar Sedis.

mediis organizaciebi Tavad qmnian saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs, romlebic exeba maT muSaobas bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. `bi-bi-sis~ saredaqcio saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romlebic aqamde cnobili iyo saxeliT `prodiuseris saxelmZRvanelo principebi~, adgens im standartebs, romlebsac `bi-bi-si~ icavs

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yvela Tavis gadacemaSi televiziiT, radioTi Tu internetSi. es principebi yvela im adamianisTvisaa, romlebic qmnian eTerSi gasaSveb gadacemebs. isini exmareba Jurnalistebs rTuli sakiTxebis gadaWraSi. aRniSnuli principebi Seicavs sagangebo nawilebs bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT. `bi-bi-si~-s saxelmZRvanelo principebSi naTqvamia, rom korporacia cdilobs, daicvas im bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis keTildReoba, romlebic monawileoben da Cndebian maT gadacemebSi, cdiloben, agreTve, daicvan bavSvebis ufleba, maTi xma gaigonon msoflios yvela kuTxeSi, sadac ki mauwyeblobs `bi-bi-si~. `bi-bi-si~-s saxelmZRvanelo principebi mniSvnelovania ara mxolod imitom, rom gamoxatavs `bi-bi-si~-s, rogorc maRali xarisxis axali da mimdinare ambebis momwodeblis pozicias, aramed imitomac, rom `bi-bi-si~ aqtiur monawileobas iRebs Jurnalistebis treningSi msoflios mraval qveyanaSi. misi saxelmZRvanelo principebi Targmnilia ara erT enaze da JurnalistebisTvis eTikis araoficialuri kodeqsis saxe miiRo. `bi-bi-si~-s saxelmZRvanelo principebis miznebisTvis, bavSvebs ganekuTvnebian adamianebi 15 wlamde, xolo 15, 16 da 17 wlis adamianebi ukve axalgazrdebi arian. Tumca es ar aris iuridiuli gansazRvra da gansxvavdeba gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi mocemulisgan, romlis mixedviTac bavSvad iTvleba adamiani 18 wlamde. es asakobrivi gansxvaveba SeiZleba bavSvis uflebebis damcvelebsa da romelime Jurnalists Soris davis safuZveli gaxdes. garda amisa, es erT-erTi im sakiTxTagania, romlebic axali ambebis konteqstSi unda iqnes ganxiluli. `bi-bi-si~-s saxelmZRvanelo principebSi naTqvamia: `bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi Zalian mniSvnelovani arian `bi-bi-si~-sTvis. Cveni mizania, mivawodoT maT mravalmxrivi, SemecnebiTi, gasarTobi da saintereso Sinaarsis mqone gadacemebi, raTa davexmaroT, ukeT gaicnon msoflio, sadac cxovroben. isini mravali sxvadasxva gziT urTierTqmedeben CvenTan – rogorc Jurnalistebi, msaxiobebi da wamyvanebi, urTierTqmedeben aseve Cveni internetis da interaqtiuli samsaxurebis meSveobiT. `yovelTvis advili ar aris balansis dacva Cveni gadacemebis monawile bavSvebis, maTi mSoblebisa Tu auditoriis urTierTsawinaaRmdego interesebs Soris. Cven mudmivad unda vicavdeT im bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis keTildReobasa da usafrTxoebas, romlebsac Tavisi wvlili SeaqvT Cvens gadacemebSi, sadac ar unda vimyofebodeT, rac gulisxmobs maT uflebasac, ilaparakon Tavisuflad da monawileoba miiRon sxvadasxva movlenaSi.~ zogierTma organizaciam, romelTa muSaoba mimarTulia bavSvebisken, Camoayaliba Sesabamisi saxelmZRvanelo principebi mediisTvis. magaliTad, `iunisefi~ gvTavazobs saxelmZRvanelo principebs, romlebic, misi azriT, daxmarebas gauwevs medias, iseTi sifrTxiliTa da delikaturobiT gaaSuqos bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, rogorc es maT asaks Seesabameba. aRniSnuli

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saxelmZRvanelo principebi mimarTulia eTikurobis saukeTeso ganzraxvebis dacvisken – emsaxuro sazogadoebis interesebs ise, rom ramenairad ar SeizRudos bavSvebis uflebebi. es principebia: 1. aucilebelia TiToeuli bavSvis Rirsebisa da uflebebis pativiscema yvelanair pirobebSi. 2. bavSvebisgan intervius aRebisas da maTze masalebis momzadebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos TiToeuli bavSvis uflebas konfidencialurobaze, maTi azris mosmenaze, maT Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi monawileobaze da zianis miyenebisa da SurisZiebisgan, maT Soris zianis miyenebisa da SurisZiebis SesaZleblobisgan dacvaze.

3. TiToeuli bavSvis WeSmariti interesebis dacvas unda mieniWos upirvelesi mniSvneloba nebismier sxva sakiTxTan SedarebiT, maT Soris bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis lobirebisa da bavSvis uflebaTa xelSewyobasTan SedarebiT. 4. bavSvis WeSmariti interesebis gansazRvrisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces bavSvis uflebas, mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli misi Sexeduleba misi asakisa da simwifis gaTvaliswinebiT. 5. bavSvis situaciasTan yvelaze axlos mdgom da mis sakiTxebSi kargad garkveul adamianebTan unda Catardes konsultaciebi nebismieri reportaJis politikur, socialur Tu kulturul Sedegze.

6. arasodes unda gamoqveyndes raime iseTi ambavi an foto, romelmac SeiZleba riskis qveS moaqcios bavSvi, misi da-Zma an Tanatolebi, maSinac ki, roca maTi vinaoba Secvlilia, daukonkretebelia an sulac ar aris moxseniebuli. saxelmZRvanelo principebi JurnalistebisTvis, romlebic maT unda gamoiyenon bavSvebisgan intervius aRebisas, bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselmac Camoayaliba.

bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli: eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis  arasodes gamoaqveynoT raime iseTi siuJeti an foto, romelmac SeiZleba riskis qveS moaqcios bavSvi, misi da-Zma an Tanatolebi, maSinac ki, roca maTi vinaoba Secvlilia, daukonkretebelia an sulac ar aris moxseniebuli;  nu miayenebT raime zians bavSvs; moerideT iseT kiTxvebs an komentarebs, romlebic SeiZleba sadavo aRmoCndes kulturuli TvalsazrisiT da romlebic bavSvs Seuqmnis safrTxes, daucvels gaxdis Seuracxyofisgan an gaaRviZebs masSi tkivils da wuxils, gamowveuls travmuli movlenebiT;

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 interviusTvis bavSvis SerCevisas nu mimarTavT diskriminacias sqesis, rasis, asakis, rwmenis, mdgomareobis, ganaTlebis an fizikuri SesaZleblobebis niSniT;  moerideT stereotipebis gamoyenebas da sensaciur prezentacias im Jurnalisturi masalis popularizebis mizniT, romelic bavSvebs exeba;  moerideT inscenirebas: ar sTxovoT bavSvs im ambebis moyola an gansaxiereba, romlebic piradad mis cxovrebaSi ar momxdara;  darwmundiT, rom bavSvma da misma meurvem ician, rom esaubrebian korespondents. auxseniT intervius mizani da Tanamimdevroba;  intervius aRebis, videoCanaweris gakeTebisa da fotogadaRebebis SemTxvevaSi miiReT nebarTva bavSvisa da misi meurvisgan. roca es SesaZlebelia, nebarTva unda iyos werilobiTi. nebarTva imisTvisaa saWiro, rom uzrunvelyoT bavSvis da misi meurvis interviuSi Zaldautaneblad monawileoba. isini unda aTviTcnobierebdnen, rom im siuJetis moqmedi pirebi arian, romelic SeiZleba gaSuqdes adgilobrivad da globalurad;  SezRudeT korespondentebisa da fotografebis raodenoba. ecadeT, rom intervius msvlelobisas bavSvebi komfortulad grZnobdnen Tavs da ar ganicdidnen zewolas;  yovelTvis zustad gadmoeciT bavSvis Sesaxeb siuJetis an fotos konteqsti;  yovelTvis SecvaleT vinaoba da dafareT grafikuli gamosaxuleba im bavSvisa, romelic aris a) seqsualuri Zaladobis an eqspluataciis msxverpli; b) damnaSave fizikur an seqsualur ZaladobaSi; g) aiv matarebeli an cxovrobs Sids-iT daavadebul adamianebTan, Tu amis uflebas ar mogcemT bavSvi, misi mSobeli an meurve; d) danaSaulSi eWvmitanili an msjavrdebuli.  sxva bavSvebTan an/da ufrosebTan (sasurvelia orivesTan) gasaubrebis gziT darwmundiT bavSvis monaTxrobis sizusteSi;  Tu eWvobT, rom bavSvs safrTxe emuqreba, moyeviT bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli zogadi situaciis Sesaxeb da ara konkretuli bavSvisa, ramdenad sensaciuric unda iyos ambavi.

mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi saqarTveloSi saqarTveloSi mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi uaxles warsulSi Camoyalibda. moqmedi sistema iyofa or kategoriad, savaldebulod Sesasrulebel qcevis wesebad, romlis ukanac dgas saxelmwifoebrivi instituti, saqarTvelos konumikaciebis erovnuli komisiis saxiT, da JurnalistTa nebayoflobiTi gaerTianeba – qartia.

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garda amisa, saqarTveloSi moqmedi mediasaSualebebi amkvidreben sakuTar eTikur standartebs, romlis Sesruleba iq dasaqmebuli Jurnalistis Sromis xelSekrulebis ganuyofeli nawili xdeba. magaliTad, sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblisa da gazeT “baTumelebis� eTikis kodeqsebi. `mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsiT~ arasrulwlovanTa gaSuqebis standartebi mimovixileT pirveli nawilis meore TavSi `adamianis uflebebi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi~.5 rac Seexeba Jurnalistebis eTikis qartias, is miiRes da daamtkics im pirebma, romlebic dasaqmebuli arian mediaSi. 2009 wlis 4 dekembers 138 Jurnalistma moawera xeli eTikur standartebs, riTac nebayoflobiT aRiara am principebisadmi erTguleba da maTi dacvis valdebuleba.

rogor muSaobs angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi? angariSvaldebulebis sistemis efeqturobas mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs ori faqtori: 1. moqalaqeTa aqtiuroba; 2. TviTregulirebis sistemis uflebamosilebis farglebi. moqalaqeTa aqtiuroba vlindeba TviTregulirebis Sesabamis organoSi6 gancxadebebis an saCivrebis wardgeniT. mniSvnelovania, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi TviTregulirebis organo ixilavs iseTi saxis darRvevebs, romlebic Tavisi SinaarsiT sasamarTlos gansaxilveli ar aris. dava sasamarTlo ganxilvis sagani SeiZleba gaxdes mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Juranlistma daarRvia konkretuli piris uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi. magaliTad, `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad TviTregulirebis farglebSi Cadenili darRvevis SemTxvevaSi dainteresebul pirs ufleba aqvs idavos mxolod am sistemis farglebSi. es gulisxmobs imas, rom sadavo sakiTxis (an Tundac TviTregulirebis farglebSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebis) gasaCivreba SeuZlebelia komunikaciebis erovnul komisiaSi an sasamarTloSi. mocemuli wesidan arsebobs mxolod ori gamonaklisi. dava mauwyebelTa TviTregulirebis sistemas SesaZlebelia gascdes, Tu mauwyebelma daarRvia procedura, anu saCivris ganxilvis wesebi. agreTve, uxamsi masalis gavrcelebiT dairRva saqarTvelos konstituciiT daculi sxva romelime ufleba. magaliTad, piris pativi da Rirseba. mauwyebelTa TviTregulirebis farglebSi momxdar darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovani precedentia saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis 2010 wlis 15 martis gadawyvetileba `teleimedis~ mier mauwyebelTa qcevis wesebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT. 5 6

ix. zemoT aq igulisxmeba komisiebi, saapelacio sabWoebi, qartiis sabWo da a.S. yvela is organo, romelic ixilavs mediaeTikis wesebis darRvevis sakiTxebs. mniSvnelovania, rom yovel maTgans aqvs dadgenili wesebi, romlebic gansazRvravs maT uflebamosilebas da romelTa dacviTac unda imoqmedon.

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rac Seexeba, JurnalistTa eTikis qartiis sicocxlisunarianobasa da misi pasuxismgeblobis xarisxs, masac mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs qartiis sabWo, romelsac evaleba qartiis principebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebuli saCivrebis ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis miReba. `teleimedis~ mier Cadenil darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT sabWomac Seqmna saintereso precendenti 2010 wlis 25 marts. aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba mniSvnelovania im TvalsazrisiT, rom qartiis sabWo, komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiisgan gansxvavebiT, msjelobs ara mauwyeblis mier Cadenil darRvevaze, aramed konkretuli Jurnalistis mier eTikuri normebis dacvis sakiTxze.7 angariSvaldebulebis sistemebis umTavresi funqciaa masalis Seqmnis procesSi eTikuri standartebis Sesruleba. es uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebisaTvis sando, zusti da drouli informaciis miwodebas. garda amisa, Jurnalistebsa da mediasaSualebebs aZlevs darRvevebis minimumde dayvanis SesaZleblobas.

damatebiTi literatura 

saqarTvelos kanoni `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~;



saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis 2009 wlis 12 martis dadgenilebiT damtkicebuli `mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi~.



saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2009 wlis 10 noembris N 1/3/421,422 gadawyetileba saqmeze: `saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi – giorgi yifiani da avTandil ungiaZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRdeg~.

 www.gpb.ge  www.mediasabcho.blogspot.com  www.gncc.ge

Sefaseba am nawilis dasawyisSi CamoTvlilia ramdenime ZiriTadi Sesaswavli Tema.

SegiZliaT upasuxoT qvemoT mocemul kiTxvebs? moqmedebis standartebi, kanonebis msgavsad, moraluri normebis kodificirebis mcdelobaa. xandaxan moraluri da eTikuri normebi erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba. igive xdeba kanonebis SemTxvevaSic. SegiZliaT moiyvanoT magaliTi, roca Tavisufali sityvisa da presis Tavisuflebis ufleba ewinaaRmdegeba bavSvis uflebebs? romeli iqneboda prioritetuli?

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saqme exeboda 2010 wlis 13 marts telekompania `imedis~ mier `modelirebuli qronikis~ eTerSi gaSvebas, romelic warmoadgenda inscenirebas, Tumca kadrs ar axlda warwera inscenirebis Taobaze. am gadawyvetilebis gacnoba SesaZlebelia qartiis blogze www.mediasabcho.blogspot.com

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damatebiTi literatura da resursebi `qcevis kodeqsebi~, maik jemfsoni, “ze presuaiz trasti� (The PressWise Trust): http://www.mediawise.org.uk/display_page.php?id=792 `iunisefi~: `bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli Temebis eTikuri gziT gaSuqebis principebi~: http://www.presswise.org.uk/display page.php?id=594 profesional JurnalistTa sazogadoeba; eTikis kodeqsi: http://www.spj.org/ethiccode.asp `vin aris pasuxismgebeli kontrolze?~ _ saxelmZRvanelo globaluri mediis pirobebSi azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis uflebisTvis Seqmnili safrTxeebis Temaze mrgvali magidis garSemo diskusiisTvis, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia, 2005. `bavSvTa uflebebi da media~: JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi da principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas: http://www.ifj.org/default.asp?index=192&language=EN JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia: http://www.ifj.org/ `Jurnalistebis eTika~, riCard qibli, London: Routledge, 2001. `mediis eTika da angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi~, klod-Jan bertrani, tranzeqSen pabliSerzi (Transaction Publishers), 2000. `globaluri Jurnalistika: ZiriTadi sakiTxebi da mediasistemebi~. arnold de biri da jon si. merili, Allyn & Bacon, 2003.

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danarTebi `bi-bi-si~-s saredaqcio principebi bavSvebis gaSuqebasTan dakavSirebiT programaze muSaobis, misi eTerSi gaSvebis an internetSi ganTavsebis dros unda uzrunvelvyoT, rom daculi iyos 18 wlamde adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT ki 15 wlamde asakis bavSvebis Rirseba, aseve maTi fizikuri da emociuri keTildReoba, miuxedavad maTi an maTi mSoblebis, meurveebis an mSoblebis magieri sxva pirebis Tanxmobisa. unda uzrunvelvyoT, rom bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis programebSi CarTvam ar gamoiwvios maTi aRelveba an daTrgunva. maTi CarTva saredaqcio TvalsazrisiT unda iyos sruliad gamarTlebuli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maT daxmareba unda gaewios.

Cven unda davabalansoT Cveni pasuxismgebloba _ davicvaT bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi Seuferebeli Tanxmobis micemisgan da, amave dros, SevunarCunoT azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvisa da informaciis Tavisuflad miRebis ufleba. bavSvebi da Tanxmoba bavSvebis da 18 wlamde axalgazrdebisgan intervius asaRebad unda movipovoT Tanxmoba maTi mSoblebis, kanonieri meurveebis an mSoblebis magieri pirebisgan. rac ufro mcirewlovani da daucvelia bavSvi da rac ufro delikaturia misi istoria, miT ufro aucilebeli xdeba Tanxmoba. kerZod, Tanxmobis gareSe dauSvebelia, vTxovoT bavSvebs, gviambon TavianTi Sexedulebebi iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic scildeba maT SesaZleblobas, gagvcen saTanado pasuxi. programis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelma adamianma, romelic Tavis produqciaSi apirebs bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis CarTvas: • unda uzrunvelyos, rom bavSvs da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mis mSobels/ meurves an 18 wlis an ufrosi asakis adamians, vinc misi mSoblis magivrobas asrulebs, esmodes programis Sinaarsi da gacnobierebulad SeeZlos Tanxmobis micema; • unda moipovos Tanxmoba bavSvis an axalgazrdisgan, xolo uaris SemTxvevaSi pativi sces mis gadawyvetilebas. imis gadawyvetisas, SeuZlia Tu ara bavSvs interviuze Tanxmobis micema, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli misi ganviTarebis done, asaki da informaciis gaTviTcnobierebis unari.

• programaSi bavSvis monawileobasTan an TanamSromlobasTan dakavSirebiT, Cveulebriv, unda moipovos mSoblis/meurvis/mSoblis magieri sxva adamianis Tanxmoba, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca bavSvi monawileobs gadacemaSi iseT araproblemur sakiTxebze, rogoricaa, vTqvaT, jibis fuli an sayvareli momRerali.

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• roca mSobeli uars ambobs Tanxmobis gacemaze, unda mimarTos maRali rangis redaqtors an, damoukidebeli telekompaniis SemTxvevaSi, mTavar redaqtors an gamoSvebis redaqtors, romlebmac problemis gadasaWrelad unda gamoiyenon saredaqcio politika. nebismieri gadawyvetileba mSoblis Tanxmobis gareSe bavSvis an axalgazrdis monawileobis gagrZelebasTan dakavSirebiT mxolod maSin aris dasaSvebi, Tu es SemTxveva sazogadoebrivi interesis sagania, an Tu irRveva bavSvis an axalgazrdis ufleba, Tavisuflad gamoxatos da gamoTqvas sakuTari azri.

• unda uzrunvelyos, rom bavSvs ganemartos misi monawileobis nebismieri savaraudo Sedegebi, magaliTad, masze zewolis SesaZlebloba.

• finansurad ar unda daainteresos bavSvi an misi mSobeli/meurve Tanxmobis miRebis mizniT. xarjebis anazRaureba dasaSvebia mxolod maSin, Tu isini dasabuTebuli da kanonieria.

• bavSvebis gadaRebisas skolis SenobaSi an saswavlo periodSi unda aiRos nebarTva ufrosi maswavleblisgan. kanonis mixedviT, saswavlo mecadineobebis saaTebSi nebismieri gadaRebis nebarTvas gascemen ganaTlebis adgilobrivi uflebamosili organoebi.

Tu bavSvs piradi informaciis mowodebas internetis meSveobiT vTxovT, unda movifiqroT, mSoblis mxridan, ra saxis Tanxmoba iqneba Sesaferisi. nebismieri SemoTavazeba, romelic exeba bavSvis piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb informaciis mesame mxarisTvis Tanxmobis gareSe gadacemas, magaliTad, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu veWvobT, rom bavSvze Zaladoba ganxorcielda, unda ecnobos redaqciis maRali Tanamdebobis pirs, xolo damoukidebel telekompaniaSi _ gamoSvebis redaqtors, romelic aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT konsultacias gaivlis saredaqcio politikis zedamxedvelTan da programis iuridiul konsultantTan. bavSvis satelefono interviuze mowvevis SemTxvevaSi unda vTxovoT mas, darekvamde aiRos nebarTva mSoblisgan an saubris safasuris gadamxdeli pirisgan. gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, roca satelefono saubari grZeldeba erT wuTze met xans, Setyobineba unda daiwyos imiT, rom bavSvs ecnobos, rom saWiroa Tanxmobis miReba. bavSvebTan dakavSirebul yvela samsaxurSi unda gamoiyenebodes satelefono saubrebis gawyveta, xolo bavSvebis momsaxurebasTan dakavSirebuli satelefono zarebis Rirebuleba, Cveulebriv, ar unda aRematebodes werilis moweris xarjebs. bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis monawileoba unda gaviTvaliswinoT yvelanairi zemoqmedeba da SesaZlo Sedegi, romelic SeiZleba mohyves bavSvis monawileobas raime masalaSi, iqneba es mzadebis procesi Tu masalis gamoqveynebis Semdgomi periodi. es exeba yvela SemTxvevas, miuxedavad imisa, miRebulia Tu ara mSoblis Tanxmoba.

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bavSvebs xSirad uxariaT programebSi monawileoba. Tumca imis gamo, rom ara aqvT sakmarisad ganviTarebuli gansjis unari, ver xvdebian, Tu ra gavlena SeiZleba iqonios maT cxovrebaze maTi istoriis gamoqveynebam. bavSvebis asocialuri qmedebebis gaSuqebisas, saukeTeso midgomis gamosaZebnad da stresis minimumamde dasayvanad, unda gaviTvaliswinoT eqspertTa azri. gansakuTrebiT iseTi qmedebebis gaSuqebisas, rogorebicaa narkotikuli nivTierebebis moxmareba, Zaladoba, kvebasTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebi da fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri zewola. xSirad mizanSewonilia, rom mtkivneuli sakiTxis ganxilvisas bavSvs axldes mesame piri _ naTesavi, ojaxis megobari an maswavlebeli. es niSnavs, rom bavSvTan iqneba adamiani, romelsac is icnobs da romelic daexmareba misi interesebis dacvaSi. unda uzrunvelvyoT, rom bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs hqondeT TavianTi saTqmelis gamoxatvis saSualeba, magram imaSic unda davrwmundeT, rom maTi naTqvami simarTles Seesabameba, rom isini ar cdiloben movlenis gazviadebas, vinmes saameblad araswori informaciis mowodebas an Woris faqtad gasaRebas. uyuradRebod ar unda darCes sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli an antisocialuri qceva. anonimuroba rTuli eTikuri sakiTxi wamoiWreba, rodesac unda gadavwyvitoT, asocialuri an kriminaluri qcevis SemTxvevaSi ra aris bavSvis interesSi: misi vinaobis gamJRavneba Tu anonimurobis dacva. rogorc wesi, aseTi qcevis asaxvisas ar unda gavamJRavnoT bavSvis vinaoba movlenis ilustrirebis mizniT, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca bavSvis vinaobis gamJRavnebas safuZvlad udevs mkafio saredaqcio dasabuTeba. aseT dros, Tu darwmunebuli ara xarT, rogor moiqceT, yovelTvis mimarTeT redaqciis maRali Tanamdebobis pirs an, damoukidebel telekompaniaSi, gamoSvebis redaqtors. asocialuri qcevis SemTxvevaSi bavSvis identificirebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxi SeTanxmebuli unda iyos programis iuridiul konsultantTan. im bavSvis CarTva programaSi, gadaReba da vinaobis gamJRavneba, romlis mSoblebic CarTulni arian asocialur da kriminalur saqmianobaSi, SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, Tu amiT bavSvis keTildReobas safrTxe ar daemuqreba da Tu es dasabuTebulia saredaqcio politikiT. amas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs, rodesac bavSvebs SeiZleba raime safrTxe emuqrebodeT, magaliTad, rodesac bavSvi loT mSoblebTan cxovrobs an rodesac mas aiZuleben, Seasrulos narkokurieris roli. bavSvebis dacva internetSi Cveni mizania, uzrunvelvyoT, rom uaxlesi teqnologiiT sargeblobisas bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi acnobierebdnen SesaZlo riskebs da icodnen, rogor Seamciron es riskebi. bavSvTa dacva internetSi `bi-bi-si~-s, mSoblis/meurvis da bavSvis erToblivi pasuxismgeblobaa.

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bavSvisTvis Seuferebelia internet-sivrce, sadac ucxo pirebs SeuZliaT informaciis gacvla-gamocvla, Tu ar aris xelmisawvdomi cifruli identifikaciis saimedo meTodi. es saWiroa imisaTvis, rom SeuZlebelia internetis momxmarebeli bavSvis dacva. nebismieri sapirispiro SeTavazeba unda ecnobos axali mediisa da teqnologiis direqtors. sifrTxile gvmarTebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra raodenobis personalur informacias SevagrovebT, SevinaxavT da gamovaqveynebT `bi-bi-si~-s vebgverdze bavSvebze. informaciis didi moculobiT gamoqveynebam SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas bavSvs. bavSvebi, internetSi ganTavsebuli masalebis Sinaarsi da bmulebi unda uzrunvelvyoT, rom is vebgverdebi, romlebsac savaraudod bevri bavSvi da axalgazrda estumreba, maTi asakisTvis Sesabamisi Sinaarsis matarebeli iyos. kerZod: • `bi-bi-sis~ sawyis vebgverdze ganTavsebuli nebismieri informacia misaRebi unda iyos farTo sazogadoebisTvis, aseve bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisTvis. `bi-bi-sis~ sawyisi vebgverdidan erTi dawkapunebiT SeuZlebeli unda iyos iseTi Sinaarsis gverdze gadasvla, romelic miuRebelia farTo sazogadoebisTvis; • samauwyeblo vebgverdze, romelic izidavs bavSvebsa da mozardebs, ar unda iyos miTiTebuli iseTi samauwyeblo bmuli, romlis radio- an teleprograma moicavs bavSvebisTvis Seuferebel Sinarss.

• sawyis vebgverdze pirdapir gaSvebuli satelevizio kadrebi misaRebi unda iyos ojaxuri auditoriisTvis; • Cven unda vamowmebdeT mesame mxareebis internetgverdebs da imas, Tu sad SeiZleba iqidan gadasvla; • bavSvebis auditoriisTvis ar unda ganvaTavsoT iseTi `CeTis~ bmuli, romelsac ar hyavs moderatori.

• Cven moderatorobas vuwevT bavSvebisTvis mimzidvel vebgverdebs, sadac informacia momxmareblebis mieraa gamoqveynebuli, da, aseve, internetsivrceebs, sadac momxmareblebs sTavazoben suraTis gamogzavnas misi gamoqveynebis mizniT.

Jurnalistebis statusi da Jurnalisturi eTika: JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis principebi 1. zogadi principebi 1.1 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias, romelic warmoadgens 450 000-ze met Jurnalists 100-ze meti qveynidan, miaCnia, rom Tavisufal da damoukidebel

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profkavSirebSi organizebuli profesionali Jurnalistebi gadamwyvet rols TamaSoben demokratiuli mediakulturis ganviTarebaSi. 1.2 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis rwmeniT, demokratiis ganviTareba damokidebulia azris gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis da sazogadoebrivi samarTlis sazRvrebis gafarToebaze. demokratiis ganviTarebas gansazRvravs demokratiul sazogadoebaSi mediis gansakuTrebuli rolis gacnobiereba.

1.3 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom mediam pativi unda sces presis Tavisuflebis profesiul, eTikur principebs, rasTanac pirdapir kavSirSia azris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba.

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia presis Tavisuflebas Semdegnairad gansazRvravs: `es aris SezRudvebisgan gaTavisufleba, rac aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom Jurnalistebs, redaqtorebs, gamomcemlebsa da mauwyeblobebs mieceT SesaZlebloba, gazardon sazogadoebrivi interesi faqtebis gamoqveynebis, gaSuqebisa Tu gavrcelebis meSveobiT, ris gareSec demokratiul eleqtorats ar SeuZlia pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse gadawyvetilebebis miReba.~ JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis azriT, am Tavisuflebis gamoxatva mxolod iq aris SesaZlebeli, a)

sadac arsebobs Tavisufali, pluralisturi media, romelic gamoxatavs sxvadasxva azrs;

b)

sadac arsebobs informaciis Tavisufali nakadi, rac SesaZlebels xdis informaciis demokratiul gacvla-gamocvlas sazogadoebis nebismier fenebs Soris, geografiuli sazRvrebis, eTnikuri warmomavlobis, faseulobebisa Tu enis miuxedavad;

g)

sadac moqalaqeebis mier informaciis Tavisuflad miRebis ufleba kanoniT aris daculi;

d)

sadac pativs scemen Jurnalistebis profesiul statuss da maT damoukidebel rols.

1.4 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom axali ambebisa da informaciisadmi, rogorc moxmarebis sagnisadmi, damokidebuleba ar unda uSlides xels Jurnalistis movaleobas, miawodos auditorias informacia da rom media unda imarTebodes sajaroobis da gamWirvalobis umaRlesi standartebiT. 1.5 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom sajaro da kerZo mauwyeblobis Tanaarseboba icavs Tavisuflebas, pluralizms da programebis mravalferovnebas sazogadoebis yvela fenis sasargeblod.

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1.6 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia adasturebs, rom Jurnalisturi eTikis dacva da maRali standartebis uzrunvelyofa mediis profesionalebis pasuxismgeblobaa.

1.7 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis Rrma rwmeniT, kanoni ar unda ereodes im sakiTxebSi, romlebic Jurnalistebis uSualo pasuxismgeblobas warmoadgens, kerZod, informaciis momzadebaSi, SerCevasa da gadacemaSi. 2. profesiis miReba 2.1 profesiis miReba Tavisufali unda iyos. momavali Jurnalistis profesiuli done rac SeiZleba maRali unda iyos.

2.2 staJiorma Jurnalistma unda gaiaros saTanado treningi gamomcemlebisa da Jurnalistebis profkavSirebTan SeTanxmebuli pirobebis Sesabamisad.

2.3 Tanamdebobaze unda dainiSnon mxolod kvalificiuri Jurnalistebi, anu adamianebi, romlebsac aqvT minimaluri profesiuli kvalifikacia, dadasturebuli Jurnalistebis profkavSiris da mediis organizaciebis mier. amgvari Jurnalistebi kvalificiurad koleqtiuri xelSekrulebebiT unda iqnen aRiarebulni. damqiraveblebi aRiareben, rom im sazogadoebis asaxva, romelsac emsaxurebian, zogadad mediis, kerZod ki damqiraveblis movaleobaa.

3. sindisi 3.1 Jurnalistebs unda hqondeT maTi sindisis Sesabamisad moqmedebis ufleba. damqiraveblis politikuri, filosofiuri an religiuri msoflmxedvelobis fundamenturi cvlilebis SemTxvevaSi Jurnalists unda hqondes ufleba, gaufrTxileblad Sewyvitos kontraqti da miiRos iseTive kompensacia, ramdensac damqiravebeli gadauxdida kontraqtis Tavisi iniciativiT gawyvetis SemTxvevaSi. 3.2 damqiravebelma an damqiraveblis saxeliT moqmedma romelime pirma ar unda miuTiTos arc erT Jurnalists iseTi qmedebis Cadena, romelic, Jurnalistis azriT, xelyofs mis profesiul eTikas, romelic gansazRvrulia Jurnalistebis mier miRebul eTikis kodeqsSi, an arRvevs JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis mier damtkicebul Jurnalisturi qcevis principebis kodeqss. arc erTi Jurnalisti ar unda daisajos sakuTari sindisis Tanaxmad moqmedebis uflebis dacvis gamo.

4. saredaqcio damoukidebloba 4.1 masobrivi informaciis yvela saSualebaSi daculi unda iyos saredaqcio damoukideblobis saerTo minimaluri standartebi.

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4.2 aRniSnuli minimaluri standartebi unda asaxavdes:  im faqts, rom redaqciis TanamSromlebi warmoadgenen redaqciebisa da mauwyeblobebis moralur da inteleqtualur kapitals;  saredaqcio sabWos uflebas, romlebic gavlenas axdens: o o o o

masTan

SeTanxmdes

gadawyvetilebebi,

ufrosi redaqtoris daniSvnasa da ganTavisuflebaze; saredaqcio politikisa da gazeTis/mauwyeblobis Sinaarsis gansazRvraze; sakadro politikaze; saredaqcio departamentSi Jurnalistebs Soris davalebebis ganawileba/cvlilebaze;

 saredaqcio sabWos uflebas, gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba saredaqcio politikasTan dakavSirebuli saCivrebis Sesaxeb;  Jurnalistis uflebas, uari Tqvas davalebaze, Tu es davaleba daarRvevs Jurnalistis profesiul eTikas, romelic Camoyalibebulia qcevis kodeqsSi;  saredaqcio kolegiis uflebas, airidos mesame mxareTa menejmentis mxridan saredaqcio SinaarsSi Carevis SesaZlebloba;  evropis Jurnalistebis uflebas, miiRon Tanabari anazRaureba da iyvnen Tanasworni karieruli zrdis TvalsazrisiT;  saCivrebis SemTxvevaSi saredaqcio sabWo, ufrosi redaqtori da menejmenti atareben molaparakebas, romelSic, arsebuli Sromis/presis kanonis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba monawileobdnen JurnalistTa asociaciebisa da profkavSirebis warmomadgenlebi.

5. TviTregulireba da Jurnalisturi eTika 5.1 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom eTikis an qcevis kodeqsebi unda Seiqmnas Tavad Jurnalistebis mier.

5.2 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis mier 1954 wels Camoyalibebuli qcevis pirveli kodeqsi gvacnobs eTikis principebs, romlebic miRebulia evropis yvela saxelmwifos Jurnalistur organizaciaTa warmomadgenlebis mier. Sesabamisad, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis qcevis kodeqsi iZleva baziss Jurnalistebisa da gamomcemlebis mier eTikuri sakiTxebis saerTo gagebisaTvis (rac nebayoflobiT xasiaTs atarebs). JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom am sferoSi saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebi ver Seasruleben aqtiur rols.

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JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis deklaracia Jurnalisturi qcevis principebis Sesaxeb winamdebare saerTaSoriso deklaracia gamocxadebulia profesiuli saqmianobis standartad JurnalistebisTvis, romlebic movlenebis aRweris mizniT agroveben, gadascemen, komentars ukeTeben da avrceleben axal ambebsa da informacias.

1. Jurnalistis upirvelesi movaleobaa, pativi sazogadoebis uflebas, icodes simarTle;

sces

simarTles

da

2. aRniSnuli movaleobis Sesrulebisas, informaciis patiosani gziT Segrovebisa da gamoqveynebis procesSi, Jurnalistma yovelTvis unda daicvas Tavisuflebis principi da samarTliani komentarisa da kritikis ufleba; 3. Jurnalistma movlenebis Sesaxeb unda ganacxados mxolod im faqtebze dayrdnobiT, romelTa warmoSobis wyaro misTvis cnobilia. man ar unda dafaros an gaayalbos dokumentebi; 4. informaciis, fotoebisa da dokumentebis Segrovebisas Jurnalistma mxolod samarTliani meTodebi unda gamoiyenos; 5. Tu Jurnalistma aRmoaCina, rom gamoqveynebuli informacia arasworia, rasac zianis motana SeuZlia, man unda mimarTos yvela SesaZlo gamosasworebel zomas; 6. konfidencialurad mopovebuli informaciis SemTxvevaSi Jurnalistma unda daicvas informaciis wyaros anonimuroba; 7. Jurnalists gaTviTcnobierebuli unda hqondes mediis mier diskriminaciis gaRvivebis saSiSroeba. man yvelaferi unda gaakeTos imisaTvis, rom xeli ar Seuwyos diskriminacias rasis, sqesis, seqsualuri orientaciis, enis, religiis, politikuri xedvis, erovnuli da socialuri warmoSobis niSniT; 8. Jurnalistma seriozul profesiul danaSaulad unda miiCnios:  plagiati;  informaciis Segnebulad damaxinjebulad gadmocema;  Worebi, reputaciis dadanaSauleba;

Selaxva,

 nebismieri saxis qrTamis gamoqveynebis mizniT;

miReba

diskreditacia,

informaciis

usafuZlo

damalvis

an

9. Jurnalistebma, romlebic Rirsni arian, erqvaT Jurnalistis saxeli, zemoT CamoTvlili principebis Sesruleba Tavis valdebulebad unda CaTvalon. TiToeuli qveynis zogadi kanonmdeblobis farglebSi Jurnalistebi profesiul sakiTxebSi unda aRiarebdnen mxolod kolegebis avtoritets da ar unda uSvebdnen mTavrobebis an sxva pirebis mxridan raime saxis Carevas.

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miRebulia JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis 1954 wlis msoflio kongresze. Sesworebulia 1986 wlis msoflio kongresze.

saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia preambula sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba adamianis erT–erTi ZiriTadi uflebaa.

Jurnalistis nebismieri profesiuli ufleba-movaleoba gamomdinareobs sazogadoebis uflebidan, iyos informirebuli movlenebisa da Tvalsazrisebis Sesaxeb. qartia efuZneba evropis sabWos „adamianis ZiriTad uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis” me–10 muxlsa da „Jurnalistebis saerTaSoriso federaciis“ mier aRiarebul „Jurnalistebis qcevis principebis deklaracias“. es principebi profesiuli qcevis standartad damkvidrda im JurnalitebisTvis, romlebic moipoveben, gadascemen da avrceleben informaciasa da komentarebs mimdinare movlenebze. saqarTvelos mediis warmomadgenlebi vcnobT da vaRiarebT qvemoT CamoTvlili principebis dacvis valdebulebas da am valdebulebasTan dakavSirebul pasuxismgeblobas. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis farglebSi, profesiul sakiTxebs mxolod Cvenive kolegebis uflebamosilebad ganvixilavT da gamovricxavT xelisuflebis an sxva Zalis nebismieri saxiT Carevas am uflebamosilebebis ganxorcielebaSi. 1. Jurnalistma pativi unda sces simarTles da sazogadebis uflebas – miiRos zusti informacia.

2. dauSvebelia Jurnalistis iZuleba, profesiuli saqmianobisas moiqces an azri gamoxatos sakuTari sindisis winaaRmdeg.

3. Jurnalistma unda gadasces informacia mxolod im faqtebze dayrdnobiT, romelTa wyaro dadasturebulia. Jurnalistma ar unda miCqmalos mniSvnelovani faqtebi, ar unda gaayalbos dokumentebi da informacia.

4. informaciis, fotoebis an dokumentebis mopovebisas Jurnalistma mxolod keTilsindisieri da samarTliani meTodebi unda gamoiyenos.

5. media valdebulia, Seasworos gamoqveynebuli arsebiTad informacia, romelsac SecdomaSi Sehyavs sazogadoeba.

arazusti

90

6. Jurnalistis moraluri pasuxismgeblobaa, konfidencialurad mopovebuli informaciis wyaro.

ar

gaamJRavnos

7. Jurnalists unda esmodes mediis mier diskriminaciis waxalisebis safrTxe; amitom yvelaferi unda iRonos nebismieri piris diskriminaciis Tavidan asacileblad rasis, sqesis, seqsualuri orientaciis, enis, religiis, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli an socialuri warmoSobis safuZvelze an raime sxva niSniT. 8. Jurnalisti valdebulia, daicvas bavSvis uflebebi; profesiuli saqmianobisas upiratesi mniSvneloba mianiWos bavSvis interesebs, ar moamzados da ar gamoaqveynos bavSvebis Sesaxeb iseTi statiebi an reportaJebi, romlebic saziano iqneba maTTvis. Jurnalistma ar unda CamoarTvas interviu da ar unda gadauRos foto 16 welze naklebi asakis mozards mSoblis an meurvis Tanxmobis gareSe im sakiTxebze, romlebic misi an sxva romelime mozardis keTildReobas exeba.

9. saredaqcio masalebi mkveTrad unda gaimijnos marketinguli, sareklamo da sponsoris mier dafinansebuli masalebisagan.

10. Jurnalistma pativi unda sces adamianis pirad cxovrebas da ar SeiWras pirad cxovrebaSi, Tu ar arsebobs gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi interesi.

11. Jurnalistma umZimes profesiul danaSaulad unda miiCnios Semdegi qmedebebi: • faqtis ganzrax damaxinjeba; • nebismieri saxis qrTamis, saCuqris an sxva sargeblis miReba profesiul saqmianobaze gavlenis moxdenis sanacvlod; • plagiati.

miRebulia 2009 wels

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2. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi  bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi. ras warmoadgens es strategiebi da ra Sexeba aqvs maT JurnalistebTan?  bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis SemuSaveba  bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis gaziareba  bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi da presis Tavisufleba

Jurnalistebi, romlebic am sferoSi muSaoben, unda icnobdnen bavSvTa dacvis strategiebs, unda SeeZloT maTTan dakavSirebiT kritikuli recenziebis momzadeba, unda uzrunvelyon kritikuli mosazrebebis gamoqveyneba da monitoringi unda gauwion organizaciebsa da mTavrobas, raTa darwmundnen strategiebis SesrulebaSi. rogorc CvenTvis ukve cnobilia, gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi bavSvTa dacvasTan dakavSirebuli yvelaze mniSvnelovani muxlebia:  me-19 muxli, romelic iTvaliswinebs, rom bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, daculi iyvnen bavSvze mzrunveli piris mxridan yvelanairi formis fizikuri Tu sulieri Zaladobisagan, Seuracxyofisa Tu uflebis borotad gamoyenebisagan, mzrunvelobis moklebisa Tu daudevari mopyrobisagan, uxeSi moqcevisa Tu eqspluataciisagan, maT Soris seqsualuri Zaladobisagan;  me-12 muxli, romelic iTvaliswinebs sakuTari Sexedulebebis Camoyalibebis unaris mqone bavSvis uflebas, Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba, da bavSvis SexedulebebisTvis saTanado yuradRebis daTmobas misi asakisa da simwifis Sesabamisad;  dasasrul, me-3 muxli, romelic iTvaliswinebs, rom, roca organizaciebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebul gadawyvetilebebs iReben, upirvelesi yuradReba unda daeTmos bavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas.

bavSvTa dacva bavSvTa dacva gulisxmobs bavSvebis dacvas rogorc ganzrax, aseve winaswari ganzraxvis gareSe miyenebuli zianisagan. es gansakuTrebiT exeba organizaciebis _ da aRniSnul organizaciebTan dakavSirebuli pirebis _ movaleobas maTi mzrunvelobis qveS myofi bavSvebis mimarT. yvela organizaciis pasuxismgeblobaa, yvelaferi gaakeTos imisaTvis, rom daicvas bavSvebi, romlebTanac urTierToba aqvs, miuxedavad imisa, bavSvs zians organizaciis SigniT ayeneben Tu mis farglebs gareT.

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yvelaze martivi formiT bavSvTa dacva gulisxmobs dacvas yvela bavSvis uflebisa, ar miayenon ziani. es ufleba avsebs sxva uflebebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofs, rom bavSvebma miiRon yvelaferi, rac maTi arsebobis, ganviTarebisa da keTildReobisaTvis aris saWiro. bavSvis dacva mTel rig mniSvnelovan da gansxvavebul sakiTxebs moicavs. bevri iseTi sakiTxi, rogoricaa bavSvTa prostitucia, ekonomikur faqtorebTan aris mWidrod dakavSirebuli. sxva sakiTxebi, magaliTad, ojaxSi an skolaSi Zaladoba, ufro metad siRaribesTan, socialur faseulobebTan, normebTan da tradiciebTan aris dakavSirebuli. xSirad saqme kriminalur qmedebebsac exeba, magaliTad, bavSvebiT trefikingis dros. bavSvTa dacvasTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva aspeqts teqnologiuri progresic ki wamoWris. amaze bavSvTa pornografiis qselis gafarToeba metyvelebs. gaerTianebuli samefos organizacia `Caildhoup~ (ChildHope) aRwers bavSvebSi Zaladobis/Seuracxyofis oTx tips: TviTdazianeba: magaliTad, sakuTari Tavis ganzrax daWra an sakuTari TavisTvis zianis miyeneba; Tavis mokvlis mcdeloba an Tavis mokvla.

Tanatolebis Seuracxyofa: magaliTad, daSineba seqsualuri Zaladoba; jgufuri Zaladoba.

(`bulingi~);

fizikuri

da

Zaladoba ufrosebis mxridan: magaliTad, ojaxSi Zaladoba (fizikuri, fsiqologiuri, seqsualuri); fizikuri dasja skolebSi da organizaciebSi; seqsualuri Zaladoba da eqspluatacia. socialuri Zaladoba: socialuri, politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli garemo, romelic aqtiurad an Sefarulad uwyobs xels Zaladobas bavSvebis mimarT, magaliTad, politikuri kampaniebi, romlebic xels uwyobs quCis bavSvebisgan quCebis `gawmendas~; religiebi da kulturebi, romlebic xels uwyoben bavSvebis fizikur da damamcirebel dasjas, rogorc bavSvis aRzrdis miRebul praqtikas; masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis mier Zaladobis faqtebis farTo gaSuqeba; im kulturebis midgomebi, romlebic qadagebs ideebs, rom qalebi da bavSvebi mamakacebis/mSoblebis `sakuTrebas~ warmoadgenen da ara adamianebs, romlebsac sxvebis Tanaswori uflebebi aqvT. bavSvebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Zaladoba SeiZleba ganaxorcielon adamianebma rogorc dawesebulebebSi (magaliTad, maswavleblebma, socialurma muSakebma, mSoblebma, Tanatolebma, sponsorebma, moxaliseebma), ise dawesebulebebis gareT (magaliTad, mSoblebma, policiam, gareSe maswavleblebma, maRaziebis mepatroneebma, bandebma TemSi/sazogadoebaSi). imis garda, rom dacvaze bavSvis uflebis darRveva adamianis uflebis darRvevaa, igi bavSvis arsebobisa da ganviTarebisTvis farTod gavrcelebul da bolomde gauTviTcnobierebel bariers warmoadgens. da piriqiT, roca bavSvis

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uflebebi kargad aris daculi, izrdeba imis Sansi, rom bavSvi fizikurad da fsiqikurad janmrTel, Tavdajerebul da Rirseul pirovnebad Camoyalibdes da naklebad savaraudoa, rom man sxvebis, maT Soris sakuTari Svilebis, mimarT Caidinos Zaladoba an eqspluatacia gauwios vinmes. bavSvis dacva msoflios yvela qveyanaSi aqtualuri sakiTxia:  30-ze met qveyanaSi 300 000-ze meti jariskaci bavSvi, zogierTi maTgani 8 wlis, ganicdis eqspluatacias SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi. monacemebis Tanaxmad, 1990 wlidan moyolebuli, uSualod SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis Sedegad or milionze meti bavSvi daiRupa (es sakiTxi ufro detalurad Semdgom mecadineobazea warmodgenili);  erT milionze meti bavSvi msoflio masStabiT sapatimroebSia moTavsebuli kanonTan konfliqtis gamo. marto centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi TiTqmis 1,5 milioni bavSvi imyofeba saxelmwifos mzrunvelobis qveS;  13 milionze meti bavSvi msoflio masStabiT daoblebulia aiv/Sids-is Sedegad;  daaxloebiT 250 milioni bavSvia CarTuli bavSvTa SromaSi, xolo 180 milioni bavSvi saxifaTo situaciebSi an pirobebSi muSaobs;  yovelwliurad 1,2 milioni bavSvi xdeba trefikingis msxverpli;  1995 wlis monacemebiT yovelwliurad erTi milioni bavSvi emateba komerciuli seqsis mravalmiliardian bizness (umetesad gogonebi, magram bevri biWic). amJamad es cifri SeiZleba ufro maRali iyos;  15 welze umcrosi asakis 40 milioni bavSvi ganicdis Zaladobas da ugulebelyofas. isini janmrTelobis dacvas da socialur dacvas saWiroeben. roca bavSvebi daculi ar arian, es qveynis ganviTarebas uSlis xels da did samomavlo danaxarjebsa da uaryofiT Sedegebs iwvevs adamianis mTeli cxovrebis manZilze. vidre bavSvebi Zaladobas, Seuracxyofas da eqspluatacias ganicdian, msoflio ver Seasrulebs bavSvebis winaSe nakisr valdebulebas; is aseve ver ganaxorcielebs Tavis swrafvas ganviTarebisaken, rac iseT dokumentebSia Camoyalibebuli, rogoricaa `aTaswleulis programa~ da misi `aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebi~, ver Seasrulebs verc bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul saxelmwifoTa valdebulebebs. bavSvebze unda vrceldebodes adamianis yvela ufleba da, Sesabamisad, maT dacvas unda axorcielebdes adamianis uflebaTa dacvis yvela meqanizmi saerTaSoriso da regionul doneebze. es aseve exeba gaeros an adamianis uflebaTa regionul organoebs (rogoricaa adamianis da xalxebis uflebaTa afrikis komisia) da qveynebsac, sadac bavSvis ufleba dacvaze unda uzrunvelyon adamianis uflebaTa dacvis iseTma meqanizmebma, rogoricaa konstituciuri sasamarTloebi. mTavrobebs SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon, rom ZiriTadi wesebi Sevides kanonmdeblobaSi da miiRon da danergon ufro yovlismomcveli da detaluri saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi, romelTa Sesrulebas Sesabamisi profesiuli asociaciebi da organoebi gauweven monitorings.

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bavSvis uflebaTa ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso meqanizmia bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti, romlis ZiriTadi funqciaa konvenciis monawile yvela saxelmwifos mier periodulad warmosadgeni angariSebis ganxilva. es angariSebi unda Seicavdes informacias kanonmdeblobis da sxva zomebis Sesaxeb, romlebic saxelmwifom konvenciaSi aRiarebuli uflebebis xorcSesxmis mizniT gaatara, maT Soris aRniSnuli uflebebis dacvisa da miRweuli warmatebebis Sesaxeb. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian, daicvan yvela bavSvi da akisriaT angariSvaldebuleba nebismier warumateblobaze. magram samarTlebriv standartsa da mis ganxorcielebas Soris didi Seusabamoba rCeba. es is sferoa, romelSic Jurnalistebs SeuZliaT Careva da kiTxvebis dasma saxelmwifoTa angariSvaldebulebasTan dakavSirebiT. bavSvis dacvis Zireuli mizania is, rom yvela im adamianma, romlis movaleobasac bavSvebis dacva warmoadgens, aRiaros es movaleoba da SeZlos misi cxovrebaSi gatareba. Jurnalistebma unda dasvan kiTxvebi im adamianebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac davalebuli aqvT bavSvebis dacva. aqvT Tu ara maT saTanado momzadeba?

Semowmebulia, ramdenad sandoni arian? eTikuri da samarTlebrivi imperativebis gaTvaliswinebiT bavSvTa dacva sazogadoebis yovel doneze yoveli adamianis saqmea. bavSvTa dacvis valdebuleba ekisreba saxelmwifoebs, mosamarTleebs, policias, maswavleblebs, eqimebs, socialur muSakebs, jandacvis muSakebs, mSoblebs da medias. es movaleobebi SeiZleba aisaxos samarTlebriv standartebSi, romlebsac saxelmwifo praqtikulad ganaxorcielebs. isini aseve SeiZleba aisaxos mTavrobis mier gakeTebul sxvadasxva arCevanSi, resursebis gamoyenebis CaTvliT. isini sul ufro met asaxvas poveben maregulirebel normebSi da mediis organizaciebisaTvis gankuTvnil saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebSi.

bavSvTa dacva organizaciebSi bavSvTa dacva yvela im adamianis saqmea, vinc axalgazrdebTan muSaobs. is miznad isaxavs yvela bavSvis da axalgazrdis keTildReobisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofas. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi xels uwyobs bavSvebisaTvis usafrTxo organizaciebis Seqmnas, agreTve rTul situaciebTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi bazis Camoyalibebas. isini aseve xels uwyobs iseTi kulturis damkvidrebas, romelSic gaTvaliswinebulia bavSvTa saWiroebebi, raTa organizaciebma sakuTari saqmianoba bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis perspetividan dainaxon. `kargad Camoyalibebuli strategia gixelmZRvanelebT rTuli situaciebis gadaWraSi. krizisis dros SeiZleba ufro Zneli iyos naTlad azrovneba. Tu saimedo strategia geqnebaT, SeZlebT informaciaze dayrdnobiT imoqmedoT da Tavidan aiciloT braldebebi mikerZoebul damokidebulebaSi romelime monawilis sasargeblod an sawinaaRmdegod.~ (ECPAT avstralia).

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bevr organizacias bavSvTa dacvis sakuTari strategia aqvs, romelSic aRniSnul sferoSi maTi saqmianoba da procedurebia aRwerili. bavSvTa samsaxurebs ramdenime qveyanaSi gamocemuli aqvT saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi da es samsaxurebi mouwodeben organizaciebs, romlebsac bavSvebTan da axalgazrdebTan kontaqti aqvT, SeimuSaon bavSvTa dacvis strategia. organizacia `Caild houpma~ (gaerTianebuli samefo) moamzada paketi bavSvTa dacvis strategiebisa da procedurebis SemuSavebaSi organizaciebis dasaxmareblad. am paketSi mocemulia bavSvTa dacvis ZiriTadi principebi da is etapebi, romlebic saWiroa bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis SemuSavebis, ganxorcielebisa da SefasebisaTvis. masSi CamoTvlilia eqvsi nabiji `bavSvebisaTvis usafrTxo organizaciis~ Sesaqmnelad: 1. bavSvTa dacvisa da bavSvebze Zaladobis koncefciebis Seswavla; 2. imis gaanalizeba, Tu ratom sWirdeba organizacias bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi da procedurebi; 3. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebisa da procedurebis efeqtiani SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro saorganizacio principebis ganxilva; 4. rogor unda SemuSavdes politika da procedurebi organizaciaSi; 5. maT Soris maTi ganxorcielebis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi; 6. rogor unda gadailaxos organizaciebis winaSe warmoqmnili dabrkolebebi da problemebi da maTi gadaWris SesaZlo gzebis ganxilva.

mediis bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi medias SeuZlia, mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulos bavSvTa dacvis saqmeSi. pirvel rigSi, mediis organizaciebs SeuZliaT ganaxorcielon bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi, raTa miiRon zomebi sakuTari TanmSromlebis iseTi qcevis winaaRmdeg, romelsac SeuZlia, safrTxe Seuqmnas bavSvis uflebebs. magaliTad, `bi-bi-si~ moiTxovs, rom TanamSromlebma bavSvebTan da axalgazrdebTan mimarTebaSi daicvan misi `bavSvTa dacvis politika~: `18 wlamde asakis yvela axalgazrdis keTildReobas CvenTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. es niSnavs, rom maTi interesebi da usafrTxoeba nebismier saredaqcio moTxovnaze ufro prioritetuli unda iyos. yvela bavSvs da axalgazrdas, maTi asakis, SezRuduli unaris, sqesis, rasobrivi Tu eTnikuri warmomavlobis, religiuri mrwamsis da seqsualuri orientaciis miuxedavad, ufleba aqvs, rom isini daculi iyvnen zianisa da Zaladobisagan~. `Tu Cveni saqmianobis procesSi gagviCndeba eWvi, rom bavSvs SeiZleba raime riski daemuqros, an Tu axalgazrda gvafrTxilebs, rom yuradReba mivaqcioT bavSvis keTildReobis sakiTxs (`bi-bi-sis~ TanamSromlebis winaaRmdeg braldebebis

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CaTvliT), aRniSnuli situaciis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos ganyofilebis menejers, romelic bavSvTa dacvis politikazea pasuxismgebeli.~ axali ambebis saagentoebSi arsebul bavSvTa dacvis strategiaTa umetesobaSi mocemuli iqneba saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi, romlebic exeba bavSvebis vinaobis gamJRavnebas, axalgazrdebis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis pativiscemas da mzrunvelobis qveS myofi bavSvebis saxelebis gamoyenebis akrZalvas. es saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi uzrunvelyofs, rom procedurebi saTanadod iqnes gamoyenebuli bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis keTildReobis dasacavad. bavSvebTan momuSave zogierTma arasamTavrobo organizaciam gamouSva saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi JurnalistebisaTvis, romlebic bavSvebTan muSaoben da sakuTari strategiebi aqvT, magaliTad, bavSvebis fotoebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom mediam daxmareba gauwios sazogadoebrivi azris mobilizebas bavSvTa dacvaSi monawileobasTan da im adamianebis gamomzeurebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic raime formiT (Zaladobis formiT Tu ubralod Sesabamisi sistemebis naklebobis gamo) safrTxes warmoadgenen bavSvebisaTvis. mediam mTavrobas angariSi unda mohkiTxos, Tu is ver moaxerxebs sakuTari bavSvebis dacvas.

Sefaseba ramdenad mniSvnelovania JurnalistebisaTvis bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis codna? moiZieT magaliTebi axali ambebidan, sadac mTavari Tema bavSvTa dacvaa. ramdenad informirebulia Jurnalisti bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis Sesaxeb? rogor gaaumjobesebdiT am statias?

damatebiTi literatura da resursebi `Caild houpi~ (gaerTianebuli samefo), bavSvTa dacvis politikis meqanizmebis paketi: http://www.childhope.org.uk/toolkit.php

`bavSvTa dacva~, saxelmZRvanelo parlamentarebisaTvis, centraluri da aRmosavleT evropisa da damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis `iunisefis~ regionuli ofisi, 2004

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3. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi

ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi  im bavSvebis sakiTxebis gaSuqeba, romelTa saqme sasamarTloSia;  patimrobaSi myof bavSvebTan Sesvlis ufleba;  ra kanoni arsebobs, romelic bavSvebis sasamarTlo procesebs da patimrobis sakiTxebs exeba?  patimrobaSi myofi bavSvebis uflebaTa codna.  arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema saqarTveloSi

termini `kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi~ exeba 18 wlamde nebismier pirs. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis umetesobas Cadenili aqvs naklebad mZime danaSauli, an iseTi wvrilmani samarTaldarRveva, rogoricaa mawanwaloba, skolis umizezod gacdena, maTxovroba an alkoholis gadaWarbebiT moxmareba. zogierTi maTgani cnobilia, rogorc `statusuri samarTaldarRveva~ da ar iTvleba sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad, Tu is zrdasruli adamianis mier aris Cadenili. realurad, amgvari danaSauli naklebad sainteresoa JurnalistebisaTvis, Tu maT raime gansakuTrebuli interesi ara aqvT, rodesac, magaliTad, bavSvi gamoCenili adamianis naTesavia. aseT SemTxvevebSi umniSvnelo kanondarRvevebs ufro metad sensaciuri gamocemebi aSuqeben. xSirad kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebs aRar epyrobian rogorc bavSvebs. amis sanacvlod iTvleba xolme, rom maT mier Cadenili kanondarRveva arTmevs maT bavSvTa uflebas dacvaze da maT zustad ise epyrobian, rogorc zrdasrul damnaSaveebs an, uares SemTxvevaSi, sargebloben maTi daucvelobiT. monacemebi patimrobaSi myofi bavSvebis Sesaxeb mwiria, magram `iunisefis~ Sefasebebis Tanaxmad, kanonTan konfliqtSi yofnis gamo erT milionze meti bavSvi imyofeba patimrobaSi. bevr qveyanaSi ukve mosmenilia sisxlis samarTlis sistemaSi moxvedrili bavSvebis saqmeebi da SesaZlebelia maT Sesaxeb oficialuri cnobebis mopoveba, ase rom, informaciis naklebobas gasamarTlebeli sabuTi ara aqvs. patimrobaSi myofi bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobrivi mopyroba farTod gavrcelebuli da seriozuli problemaa. bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis 37-e Sexvedraze gamoiTqva SeSfoTeba sxvadasxva qveyenis, maT Soris braziliis, marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi moxvedrili bavSvebis mimarT arsebul procedurebTan da bavSvebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT; aRiniSna, agreTve, angariSebi dakavebis adgilebSi wamebisa da gausamarTleblad mkvlelobis faqtebis Sesaxeb. patimrobaSi yofnis periodSi, sasamarTlo procesamdec da mis Semdegac, bavSvebi Zaladobis riskis winaSe dganan. es SeiZleba iyos fizikuri da

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seqsualuri Zaladoba ufrosi asakis patimrebis, badragis, policielebisa Tu sxva arasrulwlovani patimrebis mxridan, romlebsac xSirad Tavad sistemis TanamSromlebi aqezeben an zog SemTxvevaSi ubiZgeben kidec. zogjer Tavad gamasworebeli reJimia gadametebulad sastiki, moicavs gaurkveveli xniT dakavebas, bavSvebis izolaciaSi an ufrosi asakis patimrebTan erTad gadaWedil da antisanitariul pirobebSi xangrZlivi periodis manZilze yofnas. zog qveyanaSi arasrulwlovani patimrebis mimarT jer kidev iyeneben sikvdiliT dasjas. saerTaSoriso samarTali krZalavs sikvdiliT dasjas 18 wlamde axalgazrdebis mier Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis, magram, amis miuxedavad, zogierTi qveyana agrZelebs damnaSave bavSvebis sikvdiliT dasjas.

2005 wlis aprilSi, gaeros generaluri mdivnis bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili kvlevis farglebSi konsultaciebis saxiT gaimarTa saerTaSoriso eqspertTa jgufis Sexvedra. aRniSnulma jgufma Camoayaliba is ZiriTadi faqtorebi, romlebic marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobas uwyobs xels. es faqtorebia:  samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromelTa, dawesebulebaTa da im personalis dausjeloba da angariSvaldebulebis nakleboba, romelic pasuxismgebelia bavSvis mimarT Zaladobaze;  aRmkveTi RonisZiebis saxiT patimrobis gadaWarbebiT gamoyeneba, gansakuTrebiT winaswari dakavebis dros, maT Soris arasamarTaldamrRvevebis mimarT;  oficialuri marTlmsajulebis sistemis sazogadoebrivi alternativebisa da sapatimro sistemis alternativebis, maT Soris zrunvisa da dacvis sistemebis nakleboba;  arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis saTanado sistemebis nakleboba, maT Soris Sesabamisi dawesebulebebis nakleboba da bavSvebis ufrosi asakis patimrebisagan izolirebulad moTavsebis SeuZlebloba;  dawesebulebebze gareSe kontrolis nakleboba, maT Soris efeqtiani damoukidebeli saCivrebisa da sagamoZiebo procedurebis, damoukidebeli monitoringisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mxridan sapatimroebSi Sesvlis uflebis nakleboba;  sazogadoebaSi Zaladobis `daSveba~, rasac mivyavarT Zaladobis mimarT tolerantul damokidebulebamde yvela doneze: ojaxSi, skolasa da TemSi;  samarTaldamcavi organoebisa da arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis TanamSromelTa treningebis nakleboba;  `borotmoqmedebis mimarT sastiki damokidebulebis~ strategiebi, quCis bavSvebisa da socialurad da ekonomikurad diskriminirebuli sxva bavSvebis mimarT mediis uaryofiTi damokidebuleba da maTi damamcirebeli imijis Seqmna.

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konkretuli magaliTis ganxilva: ukanono dakavebis sakiTxebze momuSave jgufi ukanono dakavebis sakiTxebze momuSave jgufi warmoadgens gaeros mandatis mqone adamianis uflebaTa eqspertebis damoukidebel organos. igi iZiebs ukanono dakavebis SemTxvevebs, romlebmac SeiZleba daarRvios adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali. es organo 1991 wels daarsda adamianis uflebaTa yofili komisiis mier da amJamad gaeros adamianis uflebaTa sabWos kontrolis qveS imyofeba. sxvadasxva wyarodan, maT Soris arasamTavrobo organizaciebisgan, mTavrobaTaSorisi saagentoebisa da msxverplTa ojaxebisagan miRebuli informaciis dadasturebis Semdeg samuSao jgufi mTavrobebs ugzavnis gadaudebel moTxovnebs, daadginon dakavebulis adgilsamyofeli da pirobebi. samuSao jgufs SeuZlia Caataros sagamoZiebo gasvliTi vizitebic im qveynebSi, romlebmac gaugrZeles jgufs mowveva. samuSao jgufSi Sedian adamianis uflebaTa eqspertebi, romlebic SerCeuli arian samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi maTi gamocdilebis da miukerZoeblobis gamo. jgufis azriT, bevri bavSvi dakavebuli imis gamoa, rom isini marto arian: `zogjer bavSvebi dakavebis adgilebSi imitom ki ara xvdebian, rom danaSauli aqvT Cadenili, aramed imis gamo, rom ar hyavT ojaxi, romelic maTze izrunebda. isini arian oblebi, romlebic moTavsebulni arian cixis magvar `dacul dakavebis adgilebSi~. kanadaSi, TurqeTsa da norvegiaSi, adamianis uflebaTa komisiis informaciiT, am mxriv kargi mdgomareobaa. kanadaSi mkvlevarma verc erTi bavSvi ver naxa dakavebis adgilebSi. TurqeTSi moqmedebs axali programa, Tumca is srulad ar aris amoqmedebuli, romelic uzrunvelyofs specialurad momzadebul policiis muSakebs da prokurorebs bavSvebTan samuSaod. iq aseve arsebobs bavSvTa dakavebis specialuri centrebi da bavSvebi ufrosebisagn yovelTvis izolirebulni arian. mTavrobebs akisriaT mkafiod Camoyalibebuli pasuxismgebloba, daicvan dakavebuli bavSvebi Zaladobisa da zianisagan. magram sazogadoebam da Jurnalistebma unda dasvan kiTxva, saerTod unda iyvnen Tu ara bavSvebi dakavebulni. dakaveba ukiduresi saSualeba unda iyos, magram bevr SemTxvevaSi aseTi formiT reagirebas axdenen bavSvebis an mozardebis mxridan antisocialur an mavneblur saqcielze. TiTqos, Tu maT Tvals moaSoreben an maTze fiqrs Sewyveten, sasurvel mizans miaRweven. `hiuman raiTz uoCs~ 1995 wlidan arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb 17 angariSi aqvs gamoqveynebuli da igi mniSvnelovan sazogadoebriv propagandas eweva. organizacias dokumenturad aqvs dafiqsirebuli is sistematuri darRvevebi, romlebic bavSvis iuridiuli warmomadgenlobis an saqmis samarTliani sasamarTlo mosmenis uzrunvelyofas exeba braziliaSi, bulgareTSi, gvatemalaSi,

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indoeTSi, iamaikaSi, keniaSi, pakistanSi, ruseTsa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi. gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas iwvevs sasamarTloebis mier gamotanili iseTi ganaCenebi, romlebic arRvevs saerTaSoriso princips, rom Tavisuflebis aRkveTa unda iyos ukiduresi zoma, rac SeiZleba xanmokle da ar unda warmoadgendes wamebas an sastik, araadamianur Tu damamcirebel mopyrobas. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis miRebis da TiTqmis sayovelTao ratificirebis Semdeg bevrma qveyanam Seitana cvlilebebi sakuTari qveynis arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebul kanonebSi, raTa uzrunveleyo konvenciasa da sxva saerTaSoriso dokumentebSi Camoyalibebuli bavSvTa uflebebi. sxva qveynebi ganixilaven reformebs, magram kanoni jer miRebuli ara aqvT. da kidev bevri qveyanaa, romelmac unda miiRos zomebi imisaTvis, rom sakuTari kanonmdebloba konvenciasTan SesabamisobaSi moiyvanos. im qveynebSi, sadac am sakiTxs yuradReba eqceva, sakanonmdeblo reformebi warmoadgens pirvel pozitiur nabijebs bavSvis uflebebis aRiarebis TvalsazrisiT. amis miuxedavad, Seusabamoba kanonsa da praqtikas Soris mainc xSirad didia. bevr bavSvs uars eubnebian saTanado sasamarTlo procesze, autanel pirobebSi amyofeben, isini badragis da policiis xelSi sastik Zaladobas ganicdian, zogierTi maTgani ki sikvdiliTac isjeba. saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad, bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, ar daeqvemdebaron wamebas, sastik mopyrobas, TviTneburad an ukanonod dapatimrebas. maTi saqmeebi samarTlianad da miukerZoeblad unda iqnes ganxiluli. Tu bavSvebs apatimreben, es unda iyos ukiduresi zoma da rac SeiZleba xanmokle periodiT. bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, sapatimroSi ufrosebisgan gancalkevebiT iyvnen moTavsebulni, hqondeT sakuTari ojaxebis naxvis ufleba da miiRon iuridiuli daxmareba. magram aTasobiT bavSvi ver iRebs am uflebas. zogierT qveyanaSi daucveli jgufebi, rogorebic arian quCis bavSvebi, kriminalebad arian gamocxadebulni da maT mzrunvelobis nacvlad sapatimroebSi amwyvdeven. xSirad bavSvebs uars eubnebian iuridiul daxmarebaze an mSoblebTan urTierTobaze, aTavseben saknebSi ufrosi asakis damnaSaveebTan erTad, maT ara aqvT saTanado kveba da sanitariuli saTavsoebi, zogjer ki maT saknebSi izolirebulad amyofeben. sapatimroSi moxvedris Semdeg isini uCinarebi xdebian da advil nadavlad iqcevian im adamianebis (policielebisa da cixis zedamxedvelebis) xelSi, romlebsac maTi usafrTxoeba aqvT Cabarebuli. bevr adgilebSi arasrulwlovanTa mimarT sastiki mopyroba, maTze seqsualuri Zaladoba da maTi wamebac ki farTod aris gavrcelebuli. gasuli ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi pakistanSi miiRes kanonmdebloba, romelic kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas exeba. magram praqtikulad bevri bavSvisaTvis didi araferi Secvlila. pakistanSi Svidi wlis bavSvs SeiZleba wauyenon braldeba danaSaulis CadenaSi. `rac ufro daucveli xar, ufro naklebad savaraudoa, rom samarTali ipovo. bavSvebs xmis ufleba ara aqvT, amitom isini aravis enaRvleba.~

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keniaSi Raribi da dangreuli ojaxebidan gamosuli bavSvebis mzardi raodenoba qalaqSi daexeteba, Rameebs Ria cis qveS atarebs, webos isunTqavs da qurdobs imisaTvis, rom iarsebos. quCis bavSvebs policia da qalaqis xelisufleba iWeren da Semdeg maT marTlmsajulebis sistema STanTqavs. aSS-Si _ erT-erTSi im ori qveynidan, romlebmac ar moaxdines gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ratificireba – arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema gasuli ramdenime aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi seriozulad gauaresda. sazogadoebrivma protestma mozardebis Zaladobriv danaSaulebTan dakavSirebiT 1980-1990 wlebSi qveynis masStabiT zewola moaxdina politikosebze, gaemkacrebinaT zomebi danaSaulis winaaRmdeg. ormocma Statma miiRo kanonmdebloba, romelic iTvaliswinebs arasrulwlovanTa gasamarTlebas zrdasruli adamianebis msgavsad da kidev ufro mkacri reJimis momxrea. norma xdeba bavSvebis dasja da ara reabilitacia. sul ufro xSirad usjian arasrulwlovanebs uvado patimrobas da maTze arc pirobiT vadamde ganTavisufleba vrceldeba. bavSvebis cixeSi moTavseba alternatiuli meTodebis gamonaxvis nacvlad axdens maT stigmatizacias da mTeli cxovrebis manZilze damnaSavis saxels akerebs, arTmevs maT samuSaos an stipendiis miRebis SesaZleblobas da im adamianebis garemocvaSi agdebs, visac ufro seriozuli danaSauli aqvs Cadenili. es aseve zrdis bavSvebis mier kanonis xelaxla darRvevis albaTobas. arsebobs Tu ara patimrobis raime alternativa? arsebobs, acxadebs `iunisefi~ da ramdenime rekomendacias gvTavazobs:  nu daapatimrebT im bavSvebs, romlebic mxolod arsebobisaTvis sCadian danaSauls;  aarideT sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sistemas bavSvebi, romlebmac msubuqi danaSauli Caidines;  patimrobis Sefardeba mxolod ukidures zomad gamoiyeneT;  ar moaTavsoT dapatimrebuli bavSvebi ufrosebTan erTad saknebSi;  mTavrobebma unda Caataron situaciis zedmiwevniTi monitoringi, sul mcire, maT unda hqondeT monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdeni bavSvia cixeSi da ramdeni xania, rac iq aris.

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`hiuman raiTz uoCis~ rekomendaciebi `hiuman raiTz uoCi~ rekomendacias iZleva, rom yvela qveyanam miiRos, sul mcire, Semdegi zomebi kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvTa uflebebis dasacavad (es rekomendaciebi saintereso sadiskusio Temebia): 1) yvela saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos, rom kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebs patimroba SeefardoT mxolod ukiduresi zomis saxiT da rac SeiZleba mokle xniT. bavSvebi arasodes unda daapatimron im qmedebebis gamo, romlebic danaSaulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu zrdasruli adamianebis mier aris Cadenili.

2) dakavebis da patimrobis pirobebi unda Seesabamebodes saerTaSoriso standartebs. bavSvebi arasodes unda movaTavsoT sapatimroebSi zrdasrulebTan erTad. maT unda daerToT neba, regularuli da xSiri kontaqti hqondeT sakuTari ojaxis wevrebTan, iuridiul warmomadgenlebTan da sxva pirebTan gare samyarodan; maTTvis xelmisawvdomi unda iyos ganaTleba, jandacva da fsiqikuri janmrTelobis dacva, unda hqondeT sakmarisi sakvebi da sanitariuli pirobebi.

3) im qveynebma, sadac arsebobs bavSvebis sikvdiliT dasja an uvado sasjeli, dauyovnebliv unda Sewyviton amgvari praqtika da sakuTar kanonmdeblobaSi Seitanon Sesabamisi Sesworebebi.

kiTxvebi JurnalistebisaTvis • dakavebis rogori wesi arsebobs sasamarTlo sistemaSi moxvedrili bavSvebisaTvis?

• arian Tu ara dakavebuli iseTi bavSvebi, romlebic ar arian danaSaulis CadenaSi damnaSaveebad cnobili?

• arian Tu ara dakavebulTa Soris ltolvilebi da politikuri TavSesafris maZieblebi? kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis mdgomareobas gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ori muxli exeba: 37-e muxli wamebis da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb da me-40 muxli arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis warmoebis Sesaxeb.

37-e muxlSi naTqvamia, rom arc erTi bavSvi ar unda iyos wamebis, sastiki, araadamianuri Tu Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobis an sasjelis msxverpli.

18 wlamde asakis pirTa mier Cadenil danaSaulebs ar SeiZleba Seefardos arc sikvdiliT dasja, arc mudmivi patimroba, romelic ar iTvaliswinebs ganTavisuflebis SesaZleblobas; yoveli TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvi unda gancalkevdes ufrosebisagan, Tu ar miiCneva, rom bavSvis WeSmariti interesebisaTvis amis gakeTeba ar aris saWiro; dakavebul bavSvs unda hqondes

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ufleba, kavSiri iqonios Tavis ojaxTan. yovel TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvs unda hqondes ufleba, dauyovnebliv miiRos samarTlebrivi da sxva Sesabamisi daxmareba. me-40 muxlSi naTqvamia, rom kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvs iseTi mopyrobis ufleba aqvs, romelic xels uwyobs misi Rirsebisa da sakuTari mniSvnelobis grZnobis ganviTarebas, iTvaliswinebs bavSvis asaks da mis reintegracias sazogadoebaSi. bavSvs aqvs ZiriTadi garantiebis miRebis ufleba, aseve ufleba, dauyovnebliv miiRos samarTlebrivi da sxva Sesabamisi daxmareba. rodesac SesaZlebelia, sasamarTlo procesi da dakaveba Tavidan unda iqnes acilebuli. bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma Tavis mecxre sxdomaze, romelic 1995 wlis maisSi gaimarTa, Caatara zogadi ganxilva arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis administrirebis Temaze. komitetis rekomendacia iyo, rom saxelmwifoebma daamkvidron `bavSvze orientirebuli sistema, romelic bavSvs ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis mqone adamianad aRiarebs, aseve aRiarebs imas, rom bavSvTan dakavSirebuli yvela qmedeba, upirveles yovlisa, bavSvis WeSmariti interesebisaken unda iyos mimarTuli.~ imis miuxedavad, rom am bolo dros bavSvis uflebaTa organizaciebis yuradReba gamaxvilebulia bavSvebis mier maTTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebis mimarT sakuTari azrebis gamoxatvis mniSvnelobaze, kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebs iSviaTad usmenen. es ewinaaRmdegeba gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-12 muxls, romelic iTvaliswinebs bavSvis uflebas, mousminon. bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma konvenciis me-12 muxlis ganmartebisas ganacxada, rom es muxli moiTxovs bavSvebisaTvis saCivrebis procedurebis uzrunvelyofas da yuradReba gaamaxvila saCivrebis procedurebis gansakuTrebul saWiroebaze TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvebisaTvis. arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis administrirebis Temaze komitetis zogadi ganxilvis Sesaxeb angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi moxvedril bavSvebs `xSirad ... uars eubnebodnen uflebaze, waredginaT saCivrebi, roca es bavSvebi maTi ZiriTadi uflebebis darRvevis, maT Soris cudi mopyrobis da seqsualuri Zaladobis ... msxverplni xdebodnen~.

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia mouwodebs yvela saxelmwifos, daaweson minimaluri asaki, `romlis miRwevamdec, rogorc iTvleba, bavSvebs ara aqvT sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis darRvevis unari~. magram konvencia ar awesebs konkretul asaks da es asaki sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba. saerTaSoriso standartebi, rogoricaa pekinis wesebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb, rekomendacias uwevs, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki daefuZnos emociur, gonebriv da inteleqtualur simwifes da rom es asaki Zalian dabali ar unda iyos.

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bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti, romelic saxelmwifoebis mier konvenciis Sesrulebis monitorings awarmoebs, iZleva rekomendacias, rom aRniSnuli asakis dadgenisas saWiroa bavSvis WeSmariti interesebis gaTvaliswineba. aSS-Si sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki dadgenilia saxelmwifo kanoniT. mxolod 13 Stats aqvs dadgenili iseTi minimaluri asaki, romelic 6-dan 12 wlamde meryeobs. Statebis umravlesoba eyrdnoba zogad kanons, romlis Tanaxmad igulisxmeba, rom 7-dan 14 wlamde asakis bavSvebi ver itvirTaven pasuxismgeblobas, magram maT SeiZleba daekisroT pasuxismgebloba. iaponiaSi 20 wlamde asakis damnaSaveebs sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo sistemis nacvlad ojaxur sasamarTloSi asamarTleben. skandinaviis yvela qveyanaSi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asakad 15 welia miCneuli, xolo 18 wlamde asakis axalgazrdebi eqvemdebarebian marTlmsajulebis iseT sistemas, romelic ufro metad socialuri momsaxurebisken aris mimarTuli, xolo dapatimreba ukiduresi zomaa. 1997 wlis aprilSi SvedeTSi mxolod 15 arasrulwlovani ixdida sasjels cixeSi. CineTSi 14-dan 18 wlamde asakis bavSvebisaTvis arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema moqmedebs da bavSvebs gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulisTvis SeiZleba samudamo patimroba miusajon. laTinuri amerikis umetes qveynebSi mimdinareobs reformebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebul kanonmdeblobaSi. amis Sedegad sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki braziliaSi, kolumbiasa da peruSi 18 wlamde gaizarda, 12-dan 18 wlamde bavSvebis pasuxismgeblobas ki arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema gansazRvravs. evropis umetes qveynebSi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asakad 13-16 welia miCneuli, xolo irlandiaSi _ 12 weli. didi gansxvavebebi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asakis dadgenaSi saerTaSoriso konsensusis naklebobaze metyvelebs. im qveynebis raodenoba, sadac sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisaTvis dabali asakia dadgenili, miuTiTebs imaze, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis bevri sistema saTanadod ar iTvaliswinebs bavSvis WeSmarit interesebs. sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki mxolod erTi cvladi maCvenebelia, romelic gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor epyrobian marTlmsajulebis sistemebi arasrulwlovanebs. sxva cvladebia: arsebobs Tu ara calke kanoni arasrulwlovanebisTvis, romelic bavSvis uflebebzea dafuZnebuli; axalgazrdebze sadamsjelo sanqciebi vrceldeba Tu mxolod socialuri da saganmanaTleblo zomebi arsebobs; da arsebobs Tu ara qveyanaSi damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sistemebi da sapyrobileebi axalgazrdebisTvis. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemam unda uzrunvelyos samarTlebrivi dacva da

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mopyrobis miukerZoebeli standarti. amgvari sistemis ararsebobis pirobebSi axalgazrdebis mimarT gamoyenebuli iqneba zrdasruli adamianebisaTvis gankuTvnili sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajuleba an isini moxvdebian `damcav~ samzrunvelo dawesebulebaSi, sadac maT aranairi samarTlebrivi dacva ar eqnebaT da SeiZleba Seejaxon TviTnebur da sastik mopyrobas.

media da kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi: vinaobis dacva britaneTSi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebisa da sisxlis samarTlis aqti (1999 w.) danaSaulis kvalifikacias aniWebs saqmes, romlis gamoZiebasac iwyebs policia da romelic exeba raime iseTi masalis gamoqveynebas, rac gamoiwvevs 18 wlamde im axalgazrdis identificirebas, romelsac bralad danaSaulis Cadena edeba. es piroba SeiZleba moixsnas, Tu Jurnalisti SeZlebs sasamarTlos darwmunebas, rom amgvari detalebis gamoqveyneba sazogadoebis interesebSia. aRniSnuli SezRudvebi uqmdeba, roca msjavrdebuli 18 wlis asaks aRwevs.

`bi-bi-sis ~ saredaqcio miTiTebebi bavSvebis identifikaciis Sesaxeb rTuli eTikuri sakiTxi wamoiWreba, rodesac unda gadavwyvitoT, asocialuri an kriminaluri qcevis SemTxvevaSi ra aris bavSvis interesSi: misi vinaobis gamJRavneba Tu anonimurobis dacva. rogorc wesi, aseTi qcevis asaxvisas ar unda gavamJRavnoT bavSvis vinaoba movlenis gaSuqebis mizniT, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca bavSvis vinaobis gamJRavnebas safuZvlad udevs mkafio saredaqcio dasabuTeba. im bavSvis CarTva programaSi, gadaReba da vinaobis gamJRavneba, romlis mSoblebic CarTulni arian asocialur da kriminalur saqmianobaSi, SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, Tu amiT bavSvis keTildReobas safrTxe ar daemuqreba da Tu es dasabuTebulia saredaqcio politikiT. amas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs, rodesac bavSvebs raime safrTxe SeiZleba emuqrebodeT, magaliTad, rodesac bavSvi loT mSoblebTan cxovrobs an rodesac mas aiZuleben, Seasrulos narkotikebis kurieris roli.

konkretuli magaliTi (1): didi britaneTi: meri beli meri beli ori biWis - martin braunis (oTxi wlis) da braian houvis (sami wlis) mkvlelobaSi damnaSaved 1968 wlis dekemberSi cnes. meri belma bavSvebi `mxolod siamovnebis da mkvlelobiT gamowveuli aRgznebis gamo~ daaxrCo. mkvlelobebis Cadenis dros beli 10 wlis iyo. damnaSaved cnobis Semdeg mas did yuradRebas uTmobda britanuli presa da germanuli Jurnali `Sterni~. misi deda mis ambebs presas mihyidda xolme da xSirad korespondentebs aZlevda nawerebs, romlebic, misi TqmiT, meris ekuTvnoda. Tavad beli isev moxvda gazeTebis pirvel gverdebze, roca 1979 wlis seqtemberSi gaiqca `mur kortis~ (Moor Court) Ria tipis cixidan.

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beli 1980 wels gaaTavisufles cixidan da anonimurobas Sehpirdnen, raTa Tavis qaliSvilTan erTad (romelic 1984 wels daibada) axali cxovreba daewyo (gamogonili saxeliT). qaliSvilma araferi icoda dedis warsulis Sesaxeb, magram belis adgilsamyofeli reportiorebma aRmoaCines da deda-Svils saxlis datoveba mouxda. maT Tavze loginis TeTreuli Semoixvies da ise gaiparnen. qaliSvilis anonimuroba Tavdapirvelad, vidre is 18 wlis ar gaxda, daculi iyo. Tumca 2003 wlis 21 maiss belma moigo saqme umaRles sasamarTloSi mTeli cxovrebis manZilze sakuTari da Tavisi qaliSvilis anonimurobis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT.

konkretuli magaliTi (2): didi britaneTi: jeims balgeris mkvlelebi jeims (`jemi~) balgeri iyo ori wlis bavSvi, romelic orma 10 wlis biWma moitaca da mokla mersisaidSi, inglisSi. eseni iyvnen jon vineiblsi da robert Tompsoni. ori bavSvis mier mcirewlovani bavSvis mkvlelobam sazogadoebaSi Soki, risxva da mwuxareba gamoiwvia, gansakuTrebiT liverpulSi. mosamarTlem, romelsac sasamarTlo procesi mihyavda, brZaneba gasca, rom es ori biWi `mravali, mravali wliT~ moeTavsebinaT sapatimroSi. sasamarTlo procesidan sul cota xnis Semdeg lordma teilorma gosfortidan, lordma – mTavarma mosamarTlem, gamosca brZaneba, rom biWebs, sul mcire, 10 weli unda gaetarebinaT cixeSi. isini cixidan mxolod 2003 wels gamovidodnen. magram masobrivma presam da sazogadoebis garkveulma nawilma CaTvales, rom ganaCeni Zalze rbili iyo da gazeT `sanis~ redaqtorebma maSindel Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs, maikl houvards, gadasces 300 000 xelmoweriani peticia, romelSic biWebisaTvis cixeSi darCenis vadis gaxangrZlivebas moiTxovdnen. 1995 wels orive biWis patimrobis minimaluri vada 15 wlamde gaizarda. am ganaCenis Tanaxmad maT cixidan 2008 wlamde ar gamouSvebdnen. am droisaTvis isini 26 wlis iqnebodnen.

1999 wels vineiblsis da Tompsonis advokatebma mimarTes adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos imis niadagze, rom `biWebis sasamarTlo saqmis garCeva ar iyo miukerZoebeli, vinaidan isini metad axalgazrdebi iyven imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlo saqmisaTvis Tvali miedevnebinaT da gaegoT srulwlovanTa sasamarTlos qmedebebi. advokatebi aseve acxadebdnen, rom hovardis Carevam atmosfero ufro damuxta, ramac samarTliani sasamarTlo garCeva SeuZlebeli gaxada. aRniSnulma sasamarTlom saqme biWebis sasargeblod gadawyvita. `manCester ivning niusma~ (Manchester Evening News) debatebis provocireba moaxdina im daxuruli tipis dawesebulebebis dasaxelebiT, sadac es ori biWi imyofeboda da amiT daarRvia presis sajaroobis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos amkrZalavi miTiTeba, romelic 2001 wlis dasawyisSi ganaxlda. imave wlis dekemberSi gazeTi damnaSaved cnes sasamarTlos Seuracxyofis gamo, 30 000 girvanqa sterlingiT daajarimes da 120 000 girvanqa sterlingis odenobis xarjebis dafarva daakisres.

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ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sferoSi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaze saubrisas, aucilebelia mimovixiloT am sferoSi arsebuli ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi, romlebSic mocemulia kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli fuZemdebluri principebi.

ZiriTad dokuments warmoadgens gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis 1989 w. bavSvis uflebebaTa konvencia (saqarTvelo miuerTda 1994 wels). kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis zogierT Zireul damcav zomas Seicavs adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvencia 1950 w. (ratificirebulia 1999 wels) samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtSic (1966 w.) aseve asaxulia arasrulwlovanTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis Zireuli standartebi (saqarTvelo miuerTda 1994 wels). aRniSnuli konvenciebis garda, arsebobs mTeli rigi sarekomendacio xasiaTis dokumentebisa, kerZod:  gaerTianebuli erebis saxelmZRvanelo principebi arasrulwlovanTa Soris danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb (1990 w. cnobilia, rogorc riadis saxelmZRvanelo principebi), romelic gansazRvravs im socialur politikas, rac danaSaulis Cadenis riskis qveS myof mozardTa dasacavad unda iqnes gatarebuli.  arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis administrirebis gaeros minimaluri standartebi da wesebi (1985 w. cnobilia, rogorc pekinuri wesebi). es wesebi gansazRvravs mozardTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis minimalur standartebs.  gaerTianebuli erebis wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dacvisaTvis (1990, JDL). aRniSnuli warmoadgens TavisuflebaaRkveTil mozardebTan mopyrobis wesebs.  gaerTianebuli erebis saxelmZRvanelo principebi marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi bavSvebis mimarT gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb (1997) (venis debulebebi).  gaerTianebuli erebis minimaluri standartuli wesebi arasapatimro zomebis Sesaxeb (1990 w. cnobilia, rogorc tokios wesebi). gaeros bavSvis uflebebis komitetma 2007 wels SeimuSava zogadi komentari #10 marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb, romelic detalurad ganmartavs sistemis arss da masTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. rogorc aRvniSneT, upirvelesi mniSvneloba eniWeba bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias, romlis 37-e da me-40 muxlebSi detaluradaa gawerili kanonTan

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konfliqtSi myof bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. rac Seexeba zemoT mocemul sarekomendacio xasiaTis dokumentebs, marTalia, maT xelmowerili xelSekrulebebisagan gansxvavebiT, qveynisaTvis ar gaaCnia savaldebulo Zala, Tumca isini gamoxatavs saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis xedvas imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda imuSaos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemam. maTSi mocemuli principebi gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos mier aRiarebulia arasrulwlovanTa marTlsamajulebis sistemisaTvis Sesaferis standartebad.

arasruwlovanTa marTlsamjulebis ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso principebi marTalia, kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebze ZiriTadad konvenciis 37-e da me-40 muxlebSi asaxuli standartebi vrceldeba, Tumca arsebobs principebi, romlebic aranakleb mniSvnelovania da Tanabrad gamoiyeneba marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi moxvedrili bavSvebis mimarT. es pricipebia: 1. bavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofa gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-3 muxlis mixedviT: `bavSvis mimarT nebismier qmedebaTa ganxorcielebisas, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin aris maTi ganmaxorcielebeli, saxelmwifo Tu kerZo dawesebulebebi, romlebic muSaoben socialuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebze, sasamarTloebi, administraciuli Tu sakanonmdeblo organoebi, upirvelesi yuradReba eTmoba bavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas~. komitetis zogadi komentaris mixedviT, marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi moxvedrili bavSvis interesis dacva swored mis reabilitaciasa da reintegracias gulismobs. konvenciis me-40 muxlis pirveli nawili exmianeba me-3 muxlSi mocemul princips da aRniSnavs, rom `monawile saxelmwifoebi cnoben yoveli bavSvis uflebas, romelmac, rogorc miiCneven, daarRvia sisxlis samarTlis kanoni, bralad edeba misi darRveva an aRiarebulia mis damrRvevad, rom misdami mopyroba xels uwyobdes misi Rirsebisa da sakuTari mniSvnelobis grZnobis ganviTarebas, ganumtkicebdes mas adamianis uflebaTa da sxvaTa Tavisuflebebisadmi pativiscemas, iTvaliswinebdes bavSvis asaks da misi reintegraciis, sazogadoebaSi mis mier sasargeblo rolis SesrulebisaTvis xelSewyobis sasurvelobas.

2. sicocxlis, gadarCenisa da ganviTarebis ufleba gaeros bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis me-6 muxlis mixedviT: ÂŤsaxelmwifo organoebi aRiareben, rom yovel bavSvs aqvs sicocxlis xelSeuvali uflebaÂť. sicocxlis ufleba daculia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciiTa da sxva mravali saerTaSoriso dokumentiT. 3. ufleba mosmenaze - umniSvnelovanesi uflebaa da mocemulia konvenciis me-12 muxlSi:

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monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen sakuTari Sexedulebebis Camoyalibebis unaris mqone bavSvis uflebas, Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba. amasTan, bavSvis Sexedulebebs saTanado yuradReba eTmoba misi asakisa da simwifis Sesabamisad. am mizniT bavSvs, kerZod, eZleva SesaZlebloba, mousminon mas sasamarTlo Tu administraciuli wesiT nebismieri saqmis ganxilvisas, romelic bavSvs exeba, rogorc uSualod, aseve warmomadgenlis an Sesabamisi organos meSveobiT, erovnuli kanonmdeblobis procesualuri normebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT».

4. mniSvnelovania Tansaworuflebianobisa da diskriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba, romelic asaxulia konvenciis me-2 muxlSi: `monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen da uzrunvelyofen maTi iurisdiqciis farglebSi myofi TiToeuli bavSvis yvela uflebas, romelic winamdebare konvenciiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli, nebismieri saxis diskriminaciis gareSe, rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva mrwamsis, erovnuli, eTnikuri Tu socialuri warmoSobis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis, bavSvis, misi mSoblebisa da kanonieri meurveebis janmrTelobisa da dabadebis mdgomareobis an sxva ram viTarebis ganurCevlad~. es principi aseve ganmtkicebulia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciiTa (muxli 14) da saerTaSoriso paqtiT samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa Sesaxeb (muxli 26). mokled SevexoT uSualod arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebul ZiriTad principebs, romlebic, rogorc aRvniSneT, konvenciis 37-e da me-40 muxlebSia asaxuli. es principebia:  ufleba, iTvlebode udanaSaulod, anu udanaSaulobis prezumfcia (m.40.2 (b)(i))  ufleba wayenebuli braldebis Sesaxeb informaciis dauyovnebliv miRebaze 40(2)(b)(ii)  ufleba braleulobis dayovnebis gareSe dadgenaze 40(2)(b)(iii)  saqmis ganxilva kompetenturi, damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli organos an sasamarTlos mier 40.2(b)(iii)  iuridiuli daxmarebis an sxva Sesabamisi konsultaciis miRebis ufleba (muxli 40.2(b)(ii))  mSoblebisa da kanonieri warmomadgenlebis mxardaWera procesSi 40.2(b(iii)  bavSvis dacva Cvenebis micemis an danaSaulis aRiarebis mizniT Zaldatanebis moxdenisagan me-40.2(b)( iv) umniSvnelovanesi principia Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, rogorc ukiduresi zomis, gamoyeneba, romelic asaxulia 37-e (b) muxlSi. kerZod, `arc erT bavSvs ar

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unda aRekveTos Tavisufleba ukanonod an TviTneburad. bavSvis dapatimreba, dakaveba an cixeSi moTavseba xorcieldeba kanonis Tanaxmad da ganixileba, rogorc mxolod ukiduresi zoma, rac SeiZleba naklebi periodis ganmavlobaSi~.

TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvi ufrosebisagan gancalkevebiT unda ganTavsdes. aseve didi yuradReba eTmoba bavSvisaTvis keTilganwyobili garemos Seqmnas. pekinuri wesebis me-14 muxlSi aRniSnulia: `sasamarTlo ganxilva unda upasuxebdes arasrulwlovanis interesebs da ganxorcieldes gagebis atmosferoSi, rac saSualebas miscems arasrulwlovans, miiRos masSi monawileoba da Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi Tvalsazrisi“. rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnuli pirdapir kavSirSia sasamarTlo procesSi aqtiur monawileobasTan, rac, aseve, Zalian mniSvnelovania arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis ganxilvisas. piradi cxovrebis dacvis uzrunvelyofa saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT piradi cxovrebis dacvis uzrunvelyofa umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca saqme kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvs exeba. es principi ganmtkicebulia, rogorc bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT, aseve sxva mniSvnelovani dokumentebiT. konvenciis me-16 muxlis mixedviT `arc erTi bavSvi ar SeiZleba iyos piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis, sacxovrebeli binis xelSeuxeblobis an korespodenciis saidumlobis uflebaTa mis mier ganxorcielebaSi TviTneburi an ukanono Carevis, an misi Rirsebisa da reputaciis ukanono xelyofis obieqti~ konvenciis me 40(2)(b)(vii) muxli uzrunvelyofs bavSvis piradi cxovrebis srul pativiscemas saqmis ganxilvis yvela etapze. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis ganmartebis mixedviT `saqmis mimdinareobis nebismieri etapi~ gulisxmobs yovel etaps samarTaldamcavebTan pirveli kontaqtidan moyolebuli (mag., informaciis moTxovna da identifikacia) saqmis saboloo dasrulebamde – kompetenturi uflebamosili organos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, an zedamxedvelobis qveS gamoSvebamde, an dapatimrebamde da Tavisuflebis aRkveTamde. misi mizania, Tavidan aviciloT aramizanSewonili sajaroobiT an stigmatizaciis procesiT gamowveuli ziani. dauSvebelia gamoqveyndes nebismieri informacia, riTac SeiZleba moxdes bavSvis amocnoba, radganac es iwvevs stigmatizacias da, SesaZloa, ziani miadges mis SesaZleblobas, miiRos ganaTleba, samuSao, hqondes saxli an daemuqros mis usafrTxoebas. sajaro organoebs mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi aqvT ufleba, gaavrcelon presrelizi, romelic Seexeba mxolod mozardis mier Cadenil danaSauls. maT unda miiRon saWiro zomebi, raTa am presrelizis saSualebiT ar moxdes bavSvis amocnoba. komiteti iZleva rekomendacias, rom saxelmwifo organoebma danergon wesi, romlis Tanaxmadac sasamarTlo da sxva mosmenebi kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvis saqmis Sesaxeb daxurul kars miRma Catardeba. am wesidan gamonaklisis daSveba Zalze SezRuduli unda iyos da mkveTrad unda Camoyalibdes kanonSi. sasamarTlo darbazSi ganaCeni imgvarad unda warmoiTqvas, rom ar gamJRavndes

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bavSvis pirovneba. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba (muxli 16) moiTxovs saqmeSi CarTuli yvela profesionalisagan, romelic sasamarTlos mier dadgenil zomis gatarebaSi monawileobs, an sxva kompetenturi pirisagan, daicvan informacia, ramac SeiZleba bavSvis amocnoba SesaZlebeli gaxados. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba niSnavs imasac, rom arasrulwlovnis saqmis masalebi mkacrad konfidencialuri da xelmiuwvdomeli unda iyos mesame pirebisaTvis, im pirebis garda, romlebic uSualod monawileoben gamoZiebaSi, ganaCenis gamotanasa da mis aRsrulebaSi. piradi cxovrebis dacvis moTxovnas Seicavs e.w. pekinuri wesebi, romlis me-8 wesis mixedviT: 8.1 yvela etapze daculi unda iqnes arasrulwlovanis ufleba pirad cxovrebaze raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli arasaTanado sajaroobiT an reputaciis SelaxviT gamowveuli ziani.

8.2 zogadad ar unda gamoqveyndes informacia, romelic xels Seuwyobs arasrulwlovanis vinaobis dadgenas. me-8 muxlis komentarSi aRniSnulia, rom axalgazrdebi gansakuTrebiT eqvemdebarebian stigmatizacias. reputaciis Selaxvis Sesaxeb kriminologiurma kvlevam daadastura, rom arasrulwlovnis mudmiv identifikacias samarTaldamrRvevebad da damnaSaveebad mosdevs sxvadasxva saxis damRupveli Sedegebi. swored amitom me-8 wesi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs arasrulwlovanis dacvis aucileblobas saqmesTan dakavSirebiT masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi informaciis (mag., eWvmitanilis, braldebulis, msjavrdebulis saxelebi) vinaobis Sedegebisagan. amave dokumentis 21-e wesis mixedviT `21.1 arasrulwlovan samarTaldamrRvevTa dosie unda inaxebodes sruliad saidumlod da daxuruli unda iyos mesame mxarisaTvis. masalebis xelmisawvdomoba unda Semoifarglos im pirebiT, romelTac pirdapir exeba saqmeze gadawyvetilebis miReba an sxva saTanadod uflebamosili pirebiT. 21.2 arasrulwlovani samarTaldamrRvevebis Sesaxeb arsebuli masalebi ar gamoiyeneba srulwlovanTa saqmeebis, an Tavad am samarTaldamRvevebTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas.~ gaeros wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dasacavad aseve xazs usvams sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi arasrulwlovnis Sesaxeb arsebuli Canawerebis konfidencialurobas. am dokumentis me-19 wesSi aRniSnulia, rom `angariSebi, samarTlebrivi da samedicino Canawerebisa da disciplinuri samarTalwarmoebis Canawerebis CaTvliT, aseve, dokumentebi mopyrobis formis, Sinaarsisa da detalebis Sesaxeb moTavsebuli unda iqnes konfidencialur individualur failad, romelic iqneba mudmivad ganaxlebuli da xelmisawvdomi mxolod amaze uflebamosili pirebisaTvis, klasificirebuli imgvarad, rom iolad iqnes aRqmuli... arasrulwlovanTa gaTavisuflebis Semdeg Canawerebi unda dailuqos da garkveuli drois Semdeg unda ganadgurdes~.

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arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema saqarTveloSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis, iunisefis, evrokavSirisa da sxva partniori saerTaSoriso da adgilobriv organizaciebis erToblivi ZalisxmeviT mimdinareobs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reforma. 2009 wels ganaxlda sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis reformis startegia, romlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTuleba arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaa. arasrulwlovanTa mimarTulebebia:

marTlmsajulebis

sistemis

reformis

1. prevencia 2. samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis uzrunvelyofa 3. intervencia (alternatiuli sqemebi, alternatiuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTa) 4. reintegracia 5. kvalificiuri muSaxeli 6. monacemTa Segroveba, Sefaseba da kvleva

ZiriTadi

sanqciebi,

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis minimaluri asaki saqarTveloSi sanam uSualod arasrulwlovanTa saqmis warmoebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze gadavidodeT, ramdenime sityviT unda SevexoT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis minimalur asaks saqarTveloSi. minimaluri asakobrivi zRvari iyo 14 weli yvela saxis danaSaulisaTvis iqamde, vidre 2007 wels sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi Sevidoda cvlilebebi da es zRvari 12 wlamde daiweoda. unda aRiniSnos, rom pasuxismgeblobis asakis daweva yvela kategoriis danaSaulze ar vrceldeboda. kerZod, es exeboda mxolod 7 saxis danaSauls (ganzrax mkvleloba, ganzrax mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebebSi, sxeulis ganzrax mZime dazianeba, Zarcva Cadenili damamZimebel garemoebebSi, yaCaRoba, gaupatiureba da 21 wlis asaks miuRweveli an nasamarTlobis mqone an/da narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis administraciul sasjeldadebuli piris mier civi iaraRis tareba). cvlilebebi ZalaSi 2008 wlis 1 ivliss Sevida. kanonis mixedviT 12-14 wlis arasrulwlovanTaTvis specialuri dawesebulebis aSenebamde, maT sasjelis saxiT mxolod jarima unda SefardebodaT. rogorc cnobilia, msgavsi dawesebulebis modificireba ar ganxorcielda da, Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos sasamarTloebi msgavsi kategoriis arasrulwlovanebisaTvis sasjelis Sefardebisas mxolod jarimiT unda Semofargluliyvnen. uzenaesi sasamarTlos monacemebiT, 2008 - 2009 wlebSi, msjavri daedo xuT 12-14 wlis arasrulwlovans. aqedan ori gaasamarTles 2008 wels. unda aRiniSnos, rom am iniciativas sakmaod mkacri reaqcia mohyva saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi organizaciebis mxridan. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma dabejiTebiT mouwoda saqarTvelos mTavrobas, dauyovnebliv aRedgina 14 weli, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis minimaluri asaki.

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yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis farglebSi kvlav aiwia pasuxismgeblobis zRvari da 14 wels daubrunda. sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi 2010 wels Sevida cvlilebebi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asakis sayovelTaod dadgenili zRvari ar arsebobs, Tumca komiteti mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs, rom is rac SeiZleba maRali iyos. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi moxvedril arasrulwlovanTa Sesaxeb8 ZiriTadi kanonia saqarTvelos konstitucia, romlis meore TavSi asaxuli adamianis uflebebi da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebi Tanabrad vrceldeba arasrulwlovanebzec. rac Seexeba sxva, ZiriTad, kanonebs, esenia: • • • •

saqarvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi (1999w) saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi (2009w)9 saqarTvelos kanoni patimrobis Sesaxeb (2010w)10 saqarTvelos kanoni arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da probaciis Sesaxeb (2007 w)

arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis gamoZiebisas gasaTvaliswinebeli procesualuri sakiTxebi (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi)

rogorc zemoTmocemuli muxlebidan Cans, kanoni procesis mwarmoebels avalebs Seiswavlos arasrulwlovnis pirovneba da misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT, arasrulwlovanTa saqmeSi damcvelis monawileoba savaldebuloa (muxli 45; 321). arasrulwlovani braldebulis mSobels, kanonier warmomadgenels an axlo naTesavs, aseve pedagogs ufleba aqvT, daeswron sasamarTlo sxdomas an saproceso moqmedebas, romelSic arasrulwlovani monawileobs. Tu sasamarTlo an prokurori miiCnevs, rom es arasrulwlovani braldebulis interesebs emsaxureba, mas SeuZlia savaldebulo wesiT uzrunvelyos mSoblis, kanonieri warmomadgenlis an axlo naTesavis, aseve pedagogis monawileoba. arasrulwlovnis interesebis dacvis mizniT sasamarTlos an prokurors SeuZlia aukrZalos arasrulwlovani braldebulis mSobels, kanonier warmomadgenels an axlo naTesavs, aseve pedagogs sasamarTlo sxdomaze daswreba an saproceso moqmedebaSi monawileoba (muxli 317. 2.3). sasamarTlo sxdoma, romelsac arasrulwlovani braldebuli eswreba, daxurulad tardeba (muxli 8

9 10

konkretul SemTxvevaSi Cvens mizans ar warmoadgens saqaTvelos knonmdeblobis analizi saerTaSoriso standartebTan Sesabamisobis dasadgenad. dokumentSi zogadad aris aRwerili is Taviseburebebi, rac kanonmdeblobis mier arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSia gaTvaliswinebuli. Kkonkretuli dokumentis mizans aseve ar warmoadgens arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela detaluri sakiTxis mimoxilva 2009 wels, saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo sisxlis samarTlis axali saproceso kodeqsi, romelic amoqmedda 2010 wlis 1 oqtombers 2010 wels, saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo patimrobis kodeqsi, romelic aseve, amoqmedda 2010 wlis 1 oqtombers

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317.1) arasrulwlovans procesis yvela stadiaze epyrobian gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT. mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli misi asaki da resocializaciis gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi interesi, aseve misi xelaxali aRzrdisaTvis xelis Sewyobis aucilebloba. arasrulwlovnis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis procesis ganmavlobaSi savaldebuloa arasrulwlovnis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso garantiebis sruli dacva (muxli 316). dakaveba, aRkveTis RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba arasrulwlovnis mimarT Tu arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi mocemuli dakavebis safuZveli, damkavebeli moxele valdebulia dakavebuls gasagebi formiT Seatyobinos es, ganumartos, ra danaSaulis CadenaSia is braldebuli da acnobos, rom mas aqvs ufleba advokatze, dumilisa da kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekavebis ufleba, ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli, da rom yvelaferi, rasac igi ityvis, SesaZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg iqnes gamoyenebuli sasamarTloSi. dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa is gancxadeba, romelic dakavebulma am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli ganmartebis miRebamde gaakeTa. damkavebelma moxelem dakavebuli dauyovnebliv unda miiyvanos policiis uaxloes dawesebulebaSi an sxva samarTaldamcav organoSi. dakavebis adgilas miyvanisTanave dakavebuli janmrTelobis zogadi mdgomareobis dasadgenad, misi moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, unda Semowmdes eqimis mier da unda Sedges saTanado cnoba. dakavebis vada ar unda aRematebodes 72 saaTs. dakavebis vada iTvleba braldebulis patimrobis vadaSi (muxli 174). rogorc vxedavT, am kuTxiT ar arsebobs raime saxis specifikuri moTxovnebi arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebiT da maTi dakavebis sakiTxi zogadi normebiT regulirdeba. moqmedi saproceso kanonmdeblobis mixedviT aRkveTis RonisZieba gamoiyeneba im mizniT, rom braldebulma Tavi ar aaridos sasamarTloSi gamocxadebas, aRikveTos misi Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba, uzrunvelyofil iqnes ganaCenis aRsruleba. braldebuls patimroba an sxva aRkveTis RonisZieba ar SeiZleba Seefardos, Tu am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis miRweva SesaZlebelia sxva, naklebad mkacri aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT (muxli 198.1). arasrulwlovnis mimarT SesaZloa, gamoyenebul iqnes Semdegi saxis aRkveTis RonisZiebebi: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

girao; arasrulwlovani braldebulis meTvalyureobaSi gadacema; piradi Tavdeboba; SeTanxmeba gausvlelobisa da saTanado qcevis Sesaxeb; patimroba;

girao – girao aris fuladi Tanxa an uZravi qoneba. fuladi Tanxa saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semavali sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – aRsrulebis erovnuli biuros sadepozito angariSze Seaqvs braldebuls an misi saxeliT an mis sasargeblod sxva pirs sasamarTlosaTvis

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micemuli werilobiTi valdebulebiT braldebulis saTanado qcevisa da gamomZiebelTan, prokurorTan, sasamarTloSi droulad gamocxadebis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze (muxli 200). piradi Tavdebobisas sando pirebi kisruloben werilobiT valdebulebas, rom isini uzrunvelyofen braldebulis saTanado qcevas da gamomZiebelTan, prokurorTan, sasamarTloSi gamocxadebas (muxli 203) arasrulwlovani braldebulis meTvalyureobaSi gadacema – mSoblis, meurvis, mzrunvelis an specialuri sabavSvo dawesebulebis administraciis meTvalyureobaSi arasrulwlovnis gadacemis mizania, aRniSnul pirTagan erTerTma an administraciam ikisros arasrulwlovani braldebulis gamomZiebelTan, prokurorTan, sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisa da saTanado qcevis werilobiTi valdebuleba (muxli 201). sainteresoa is faqti, rom Tu piradi Tavdebobis and arasrulwlovnis meTvalyureobaSi gadacemis gamoyenebisas braldebuli aRkveTis gamoyenebis pirobas daarRvevs, maSin Tavmdebs an pirs, romelic axorcielebda meTvalyureobas arasrulwlovanze, SesaZloa sasamarTlos mier daekisroT fuladi jarima (muxli 203.6; 201.5) SeTanxmeba gausvlelobisa da saTanado qcevis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod im danaSaulis saqmeze, romelic sasjelis saxiT ar iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 1 welze meti vadiT (muxli 202). patimroba – patimroba, rogorc aRkveTis RonisZieba, gamoiyeneba mxolod maSin, Tu es erTaderTi saSualebaa, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli: a) braldebulis mimalva da mis mier marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis xelis SeSla; b) braldebulis mier mtkicebulebaTa mopovebisaTvis xelis SeSla; g) braldebulis mier axali danaSaulis Cadena. braldebulis patimrobis saerTo vada ar unda aRematebodes 9 Tves. (muxli 205) arasrulwlovani braldebuli, romelsac aRkveTis RonisZiebad SerCeuli aqvs patimroba, unda moTavsdes srulwlovani braldebulebisagan (msjavrdebulebisagan) da arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulebisagan gancalkevebiT (muxli 323). arasrulwlovanTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba da masTan dakavSirebuli Taviseburebebi(saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi) arasrulwlovanTa sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi mocemulia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis XVI TavSi. magram sanam uSualod pasuxismgeblobis saxeebze gadavidodeT, oriod sityviT SevexoT danaSaulis kategoriebs. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT arsebobs danaSaulis sami kategoria:

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 naklebad mZime danaSauli;  mZime danaSauli;  gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli. naklebad mZimea iseTi danaSauli, romlis CadenisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli maqsimaluri sasjeli ar aRemateba xuTi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas; mZimea iseTi danaSauli, romlis CadenisaTvis am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli maqsimaluri sasjeli ar aRemateba aTi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas; gansakuTrebiT mZimea iseTi danaSauli, romlis CadenisaTvis am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa aT welze meti vadiT an uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba arasrulwlovanTaTvis sasjelis saxiT ar iTvaliswinebs uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas. rac Seexeba sasjelis saxeebs, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT arasrulwlovans SeiZleba Seefardos:      

jarima; saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva; sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma; gamasworebeli samuSao; Tavisuflebis SezRudva; vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. (muxli 82)

jarimis SemTxvevaSi, Tu msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovani da gadaxdisuunaroa, sasamarTlo misTvis dakisrebuli jarimis gadaxdas akisrebs mSobels, meurves an mzrunvels (muxli 42.51). rac Seexeba vadian Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 88-e muxlis mixdeviT, ToTxmetidan Teqvsmet wlamde arasrulwlovnisaTvis daniSnuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada ar unda aRematebodes aT wels. xolo Teqvsmetidan Tvramet wlamde arasrulwlovnisaTvis daniSnuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada ar unda aRematebodes TxuTmet wels. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebas arasrulwlovnis mimarT, Tu msjavrdebuls ganaCenis gamotanis momentisaTvis ar Sesrulebia Tvrameti weli da man pirvelad Caidina danaSauli, Tu mas Cadenili ara aqvs gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli (muxli 63.5). pirobiTi msjavris dros, Tu arsebobs saamiso safuZveli, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daakisros msjavrdebuls gansazRvruli movaleobis Sesruleba, magaliTad, probaciis biuros nebarTvis gareSe ar Seicvalos mudmivi binadrobis adgili, ar daamyaros urTierToba imasTan, vinc SeiZleba igi Caabas antisazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi, ar moinaxulos gansazRvruli adgili, materialurad daexmaros ojaxs da sxva movaleoba romelic xels Seuwyobs mis gamosworebas (muxli 65). uzenaesi sasamarTlos monacemebis mixedviT, alternatiul sasjelTagan yvelaze farTod swored pirobiTi msjavris gamoyeneba xdeba.

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sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs sasjelis moxdisagan pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebas. zrdasrulebisagan gansxvavebiT, arasrulwlovnebisaTvis dadgenilia SedarebiT Semcirebuli vadebi. kerZod, kodeqsis mixedviT sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo SromiT an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovani sasamarTlom, xolo Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovani –saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros adgilobrivma sabWom SeiZleba pirobiT vadamde gaaTavisuflos sasjelis moxdisagan, Tu man faqtobrivad moixada: a) naklebad mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis vadis aranakleb erTi mesamedi; b) mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis vadis aranakleb naxevari; g) gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis vadis aranakleb ori mesamedi. pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebuli msjavrdebulis yofaqcevis kontrols axorcielebs saamisod uflebamosili probaciis samsaxuri rogorc aRiniSna, Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovnis pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis gadawyveta saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros adgilobrivi sabWos kompetenciaSi Sedis. arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebs ganixilavs arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis ganmxilveli adgilobrivi sabWo. adgilobrivi sabWo aseve uflebamosilia, kanoniT ganszazRvrul SemTxvevebSi ganixilos da gadawyvitos msjavrdebulisaTvis sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi sasjeliT Secvlis sakiTxi. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi adgens nasamarTlobis gaqarwylebis Semcirebul vadebs im pirebisaTvis, romelmac danaSauli 18 wels miRwevamde, ese igi, arasrulwlovnobis periodSi Caidina. arasrulwlovnis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisufleba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs arasrulwlovnis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebas iZulebiTi xasiaTis aRmzrdelobiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyenebiT. arasrulwlovani, romelmac pirvelad Caidina naklebad mZime danaSauli, sasamarTlom SeiZleba gaaTavisuflos sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan, Tu miiCnevs, rom misi gamosworeba mizanSewonilia aRmzrdelobiTi zemoqmedebis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT (muxli 90). aRmzrdelobiTi zemoqmedebis iZulebiTi RonisZiebebia: gafrTxileba; sazedamxedvelod gadacema; zianis anazRaurebis movaleobis dakisreba; qcevis SezRudva; specialur aRmzrdelobiT an samkurnalo aRmzrdelobiT dawesebulebaSi moTavseba. Cvens xelT arsebuli infrmaciiT, zemoT dasaxelebuli RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba faqtobrivad ar xdeba sxvadasxva mizezis gamo.

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saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi aseve iTvaliswinebs arasrulwlovnis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebas dazaralebulTan Serigebis gamo (muxli 891). aRniSnuli RonisZiebac, Cvens xelT arsebuli informaciiT, naklebad gamoiyeneba. ganrideba da mediacia sainteresoa ganridebisa da mediaciis instituti, romlTac xdeba arasrulwlovnis marTlmsajulebis sistemisagan da formaluri procedurebisagan ganrideba. kerZod, axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT, Tu arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom pirma Caidina naklebad mZime an mZime danaSauli da danaSaulis Cadenis momentisaTvis mas ar Sesrulebia 18 weli, prokurori uflebamosilia dasabuTebuli dadgenilebiT miiRos gadawyvetileba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ardawyebis an ukve dawyebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. am SemTxvevaSi prokurori uflebamosilia arasrulwlovanTan gaaformos xelSekruleba ganridebis an mediaciis Sesaxeb, romlis pirobebi ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris brZanebiT. am xelSekrulebis moqmedebis maqsimaluri vadaa 1 weli.

Tu arasrulwlovani arajerovnad asrulebs masTan gaformebuli ganridebis an mediaciis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebiT dakisrebul valdebulebas, prokurori uflebamosilia axali dadgenilebiT daiwyos an ganaaxlos sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna (sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi muxli 105). ganridebis sqemaSi moxvedril arasrulwlovanTan muSaobs sxvadasxva profesionali (prokurori, socialuri muSaki, zog SemTxvevaSi mediatori), rac xels uwyobs ganridebis miznebis miRwevas. SesaZloa, procesSi monawileoba miiRos dazaralebulmac. arsebobs mTeli rigi sakiTxebisa, rac mxedvelobaSia misaRebi ganridebis sqemis ganxorcielebisaTvis. uaxloes momavalSi dagegmilia ganridebis sxva formebis danergvac. patimrobaSi myofi da TavisuflebaaRkveTili arasrulwlovnebi (patimrobis kodeqsi) TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi mocemulia patimrobis kodeqsSi. arsebobs ori tipis dawesebuleba, sadac arasrulwlovnebi SeiZleba ganTavsdnen: patimrobis dawesebuleba, sadac ganTavsebuli arian winaswar patimrobaSi myofi, braldebuli arasrulwlovnebi da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba, sadac Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovnebi Tavsdebian. braldebuli arasrulwlovnebi saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebul ramodenime dawesebulebaSi arian moTavsebulni. msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovnebisaTvis arsebobs specialuri dawesebuleba, romelic gaTanabrebulia naxevrad Ria tipis dawesebulebasTan. braldebul da msjavrdebul arasrulwlovnebs garantirebuli aqvT saqarTvelos konstituciiT, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiTa da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT aRiarebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi. isini uzrunvelyofilni unda iyvnen sxvadasxva uflebiT, maT Soris zogadi da profesiuli ganaTlebis miRebis, sportul, kulturul, aRmzrdelobiT

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da religiur RonisZiebebSi monawileobis, ufaso iuridiuli daxmarebis, informaciis miRebis, gare samyarosTan komunikaciis da sxva mniSvnelovani uflebebiT. msjavrdebuls damatebiT gaaCnia sareabilitacio programebiT sargeblobisa da dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis ufleba (patimrobis kodeqsi muxli 14). kanonis mixedviT TiToeul arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulze sacxovrebeli farTis norma ar unda iyos 3,5 metrze naklebi. aseve arasrulwlovnebs, sxva braldebulebTan/msjavrdebulebTan SedarebiT unda hqondeT gaumjobesebuli sacxovrebeli pirobebi (muxli 15). rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovnebi, anu msjavrdebulebi, romelTac dawesebulebaSi Sesaxlebis momentisaTvis ar Sesrulebia 18 weli, moTavsebulni arian arasrulwlovanTa specialur dawesebulebaSi, sadac isini imyofebian srulwlovanebis asaks miRwevamde. Tumca arsebobs gamonaklisic, kerZod, patimrobis kodeqsis 68–e muxlis mixedviT, resocializaciis, zogadi ganaTlebisa da profesiuli momzadebis miRebis mizniT 18 wels miRweuli arasrulwlovani msjavrdebuli SesaZlebelia piradi gancxadebiT, dawesebulebis direqtoris gadawyvetilebiT, sasjelis mosaxdelad darCes imave dawesebulebaSi, sadac is ixdida sasjels srulwlovanebis miRwevamde, ara umetes 20 wlis miRwevisa. srulwlovanebas miRweul msjavrdebulze, romelic sasjelis mosaxdelad datovebul iqna arasrulwlovanTa specialur dawesebulebaSi, vrceldeba arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulisaTvis dadgenili sasjelis moxdis pirobebi, kvebisa da sayofacxovrebo normebi. kanonis mixedviT arasrulwlovan msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs:  1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi hqondes 4 xanmokle paemani, rac gulisxmobs kanoniT gansazRvrul pirebTan Sexvedras, romelmac SeiZleba gastanos 1dan 2 saaTamde;  1 wlis ganmavlobaSi hqondes 3 xangrZlivi paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT – weliwadSi 1 damatebiTi xangrZlivi paemani. xangrZlivi paemani gulisxmobs am kodeqsiT gansazRvrul pirebTan erTad cxovrebas Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis teritoriaze, amisaTvis specialurad gamoyofil oTaxSi, msjavrdebulis an Sesabamisi pirebis xarjiT, administraciis warmomadgenlis dauswreblad. xangrZlivi paemani grZeldeba araumetes 24 saaTisa.  yovelTviurad, arasrulwlovanTa specialuri dawesebulebis teritoriaze arsebul maRaziaSi kvebis produqtebisa da pirveladi moxmarebis sagnebis SeZenisaTvis gamoiyenos mis pirad angariSze arsebuli Tanxa gansazRvruli limitis farglebSi;  1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi sakuTari xarjiT hqondes 5 satelefono saubari, TiToeuli – ara umetes 15 wuTisa;  iqonios da isargeblos piradi televizoriTa da radiomimRebiT, garda Ramis saaTebisa. arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebs ufleba aqvT, weliwadSi samjer isargeblon Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis uflebiT.

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xanmokle gasvlis xangrZlivoba ar unda aRematebodes 5 dRes, romelSic Sedis msjavrdebulis daniSnulebis adgilamde mgzavrobis droc. arasrulwlovan msjavrdebuls Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis ufleba eZleva mas Semdeg, rac man faqtobrivad moixada: a) naklebad mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis – Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis aranakleb erTi mesamedi; b) mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis – Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis aranakleb naxevari; g) gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis – Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis aranakleb ori mesamedi. msjavrdebulis resocializaciisa da damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis momzadebisaTvis xorcieldeba erTiani saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesis organizeba, romlis mizania, msjavrdebuls Camouyalibdes zogadi unar-Cvevebi, miiRos zogadi an profesiuli ganaTleba. kanonis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, arasrulwlovanTa specialur dawesebulebaSi swavlebis procesi unda Seesabamebodes qveyanaSi arsebul ganaTlebis standartebs. saqarTvelos penitencialur sistemaSi, arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebTan mimarTebiT dainerga sasjelis individualuri dagegmvis midgoma, romelic gulisxmobs TiToeuli msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovnis Sefasebas multidisciplinaruli jgufis mier da sasjelis dagegmvas arasrulwlovanTa saWiroebidan gamomdinare. dawesebulebaSi momuSave socialuri muSakebi da fsiqologebi exmarebian arasrulwlovans sasjelis moxdis individualuri gegmis farglebSi dasaxuli miznebis miRwevaSi.

damatebiTi literatura da resursebi bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli - saerTaSoriso normebisa da standartebis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebisaTvis 10/08/2006 (meaTe sxdomis angariSi, oqtomberi/noemberi 1995, CRC/C/46, punqti 220): http://www.crin.org/resources/infodetail.asp?id=9711 `Save the Children UK~, `arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba: axali ideebi kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebTan muSaobisTvis~: http://www.crin.org/resources/infodetail.asp?id= 11042 gaero: `mouTxrobeli istoria kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis Sesaxeb~: http://www.un.org/events/tenstories 2006/story.asp?storyID = 2800 bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli (CRIN) – Tema: kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi: http://www.crin.org/themes/ViewTheme.asp?id = 16 `bi-bi-si nius~ - `sasamarTlo uflebebi jemi balgeris mkvlelebisaTvis~: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/295752.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/567578.stm `bavSvebi da danaSauli: iaponiasa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi axalgazrdebis sakiTxebis gaSuqebis SedarebiTi Seswavla~, tom brislini da iasuhiro inoue. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 2007 22(1), gv. 3-17

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4. siuJetebisa da wyaroebis moZieba siuJetebis ageba bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis konteqstSi ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi     

ra aris wyaro?

SeiZleba, rom bavSvi iyos wyaro? wyaroebis mniSvneloba JurnalistebisaTvis; anonimuri wyaroebi; saidan vgebulobT ambebs?

Jurnalistis roli ar aris aucilebeli, rom Jurnalisti gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis propagandisti iyos. Tu adamianebis umetesoba icavs bavSvebs da maTTvis yovelive saukeTeso surT, JurnalistebisaTvis es sazogadoebriv interesebze dafuZnebuli movaleobaa da bavSvebis dacviT isini sakuTari profesiuli eTikis principebs asruleben. Jurnalisti itovebs uflebas, mimarTos kritikas, rodesac es saWiroa da uzrunvelyofs imas, rom yvelas azri moisminos. jer kidev 1920-ian wlebSi, saidanac Tanamedrove Jurnalistika iRebs saTaves, mwerali uolter lipmani da amerikeli filosofosi jon diui kamaTobdnen Jurnalistikis rolze demokratiaSi. maTi gansxvavebuli azrebi Jurnalistikis rolze sazogadoebasa da saxelmwifoSi dRevandeli debatebisTvisac aqtualuria. lipmans sjeroda, rom Jurnalistikis roli gulisxmobda Suamavlobas sazogadoebasa da politikur gadawyvetilebaTa mimReb elitas Soris.

Jurnalisti gadaiqca Suamavlad. roca elita laparakobda, Jurnalistebi usmendnen da iwerdnen informacias, Semdeg `filtravdnen~ mas da sazogadoebas gadascemdnen moxmarebisaTvis. lipmanis argumentacia is iyo, rom sazogadoeba ar aris mzad, Tavi gaarTvas Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi warmoqmnili informaciis mzard da kompleqsur nakads da amitom saWiroa Suamavali, romelic axal ambebs masebisaTvis gadasacemad filtrSi gaatarebs. amis sapirispirod, diuis sjeroda, rom sazogadoebas araTu elitis mier wamoWrili sakiTxebis da gacemuli pasuxebis gageba SeuZlia, aramed rom swored sazogadoebrivma forumma unda miiRos gadawyvetilebebi diskusiisa da debatebis Semdeg. sakiTxebis detalurad Seswavlis Semdeg zedapirze saukeTeso azrebi amotivtivdeba xolme. diuis miaCnda, rom Jurnalistebma sazogadoebas marto informacia ki ar unda miawodon, aramed angariSi unda Caabaron konkretuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb da ar Semoifarglon mxolod informaciis gadacemiT. diuis azriT, Jurnalistebma unda miiRon informacia da Semdeg awon-dawonon, Tu ra Sedegebs moutans sazogadoebas elitis mier gatarebuli politika.

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Tu lipmanis Jurnalisturi filosofia saxelmwifos meTaurebisaTvis iyo ufro metad misaRebi, diuis midgoma ukeTesi saSualeba iyo imis gasagebad, Tu ramden Jurnalists hqonda gaazrebuli sakuTari roli sazogadoebaSi da, Tavis mxriv, ramdeni adamiani elodeboda Jurnalistebis mxridan moqmedebas. magaliTad, amerikelebi SeiZleba akritikebdnen Jurnalistebis mxridan zog SemTxvevaSi uflebamosilebis gadametebas, magram isini Jurnalistebs mTavrobis, biznesis warmomadgenlebis da sxva subieqtebis makontroleblad miiCneven, rac sazogadoebas saSualebas aZlevs, informaciaze dayrdnobiT miiRos gadawyvetilebebi gansaxilvel sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, media sazogadoebis interesebs unda emsaxurebodes. farTod aris gavrcelebuli azri, rom Jurnalistebis movaleobaa, sazogadoebis im warmomadgenlebsa da organoebs daakisron angariSvaldebuleba, romelTa saqmianobac socialur da politikur cxovrebaze axdens gavlenas. swored es aris siuJetebis masalebis umetesi nawilis wyaro. bavSvTa uflebebisa da gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis konteqstSi aman SeiZleba axali perspeqtividan dagvanaxvos axali ambebi. magaliTad, bavSvze Zaladobis Sesaxeb statiaSi ZiriTadi siuJeturi xazi mxolod Zaladoba ki ar unda iyos, aramed saxelmwifos pasuxismgebloba bavSvTa da maTi uflebebis mimarT da, agreTve, bavSvebis dacva, rac maT gaeros konvenciiT aqvT nakisri. msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanam moaxdina konvenciis rafiticireba da Jurnalistebis movaleobaa, mohkiTxon mTavrobebs konvenciis xelmoweriT dadasturebuli valdebulebebis Sesruleba.

kiTxvebi JurnalistebisaTvis  rogor asrulebs Tqveni qveynis mTavroba bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias?  Seasrula Tu ara Tqvenma mTavrobam konvenciis moTxovna, rom masSi gansazRvruli principebi da debulebebi sajarod iyos gamoqveynebuli?  CamorCeba Tu ara qveyana bavSvis uflebaTa komitetSi angariSebis wardgenis grafiks? Catarda Tu ara sajaro konsultacia?

aris Tu ara redaqtorebis da maRali rangis Jurnalistebis movaleoba bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis Setana dRis wesrigSi? sazogadoeba Jurnalistebsa da wamyvan redaqtorebs meTvalyureebad miiCnevs _ isini iReben gadawyvetilebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli siuJetebi da ra dros unda SeirCes gamosaqveyneblad an mauwyeblobisaTvis. magram onlain Jurnalistikis gaCenasTan erTad da im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom bevri qseluri blogeri SeiZleba garkveulwilad Jurnalistad CaiTvalos, es tradiciuli roli icvleba. `Jurnalistikis elementebis~ avtori, bil kovaCi, acxadebs: `Cveni Sexeduleba Jurnalistebis Sesaxeb, rom isini meTvalyureebi arian,

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moZvelebulia. internetma yvela zRvari moxsna~. amJamad redaqtori ufro met yuradRebas arazusti informaciis gacxrilvas da axali ambebis konteqstSi da perspeqtivaSi Casmas uTmobs. magram mkiTxvels warmodgena ara aqvs, Tu ramdenad realuri an uzustoa uSualod internetidan miRebuli informacia. Tu Jurnalistika axali ambebis da informaciis gamoqveynebis kanonieri damcvelia, aseve, Tu is gansazRvravs, ra unda iyos an ar unda iyos gamoqveynebuli, maSin misi movaleoba da uflebaa, daicvas da SeinarCunos es pozicia. mis movaleobaSi aseve Sedis bavSvis uflebaTa sakiTxebis Setana axali ambebis dRis wesrigSi.

bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb masalebis momzadebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebi adamianis uflebebi yovelTvis iqneba Jurnalistikis ZiriTadi komponenti, magram mediis bevri mesveuri an informirebuli ar aris, an saerTod ar gaaCnia sakmarisi codna adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. adamianis da bavSvis uflebaTa sakiTxebSi ganaTleba pirveli nabijia Jurnalistebis mier uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebze masalebis momzadebis gzaze.

Jurnalistebs, romlebisTvisac nacnobia bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, xelT upyriaT saTanado instrumentebi makontroleblis rolis Sesasruleblad. isini SeiZleba sazogadoebis `Tvali da yuri~ gaxdnen da uzrunvelyon, rom adamianebma, gansakuTrebiT im adamianebma, romlebsac mniSvnelovani roli akisria sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, saTanadod da patiosnad imoqmedon. sityvis Zalam da misma arasworma gamoyenebam SeiZleba aseve zegavlena moaxdinos adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis Sesaxeb momzadebul siuJetebze. mediis mier danaSaulis, ojaxuri Zaladobis, brbos mier Zaladobis da politikuri Zaladobis sxva formebis Sesaxeb momzadebul reportaJebSi gamoyenebulma enam adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebi daamkvidra. mediis mier informaciis wyaros sityvebis (rogoricaa, magaliTad, teroristi) citirebam SesaZloa (SeiZleba yovelgvari cudi ganzravis gareSe) garkveuli adamianebisa da Temebis demonizeba moaxdinon. bavSvebi trefikingis msxverplni gaxdnen Tu isini ukanonod gaiyvanes qveynidan? adamianebs Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa Tu isini Cxuboben? xom ar aRweren bavSvebs Semdegi sityvebiT: `patara~, `pawawina~? xom ar laxavs es maT Rirsebas? es mxolod ramdenime magaliTia im problemebisa, romlebsac awydebian Jurnalistebi enasTan dakavSirebiT. bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli siuJetebis momzadeba Jurnalistebisagan gansakuTrebul gamocdilebasac moiTxovs; magaliTad, siuJeti bavSvebis trefikingis Sesaxeb saWiroebs Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis warmoebis karg unars. sagamoZiebo reportaJis momzadeba

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gulisxmobs sakiTxis detalur, Rrma Seswavlas sakmaod xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi. amgvari tipis siuJetis momzadebis arsi mdgomareobs sakiTxis detalur SeswavlaSi da masTan dakavSirebuli adamianebisgan sistematuri interviuebis aRebaSi imisaTvis, rom saqme Seivsos da SesaZlebeli iyos zogadi logikuri daskvnebis gakeTeba. amgvari siuJetebi, rodesac saqme udidesi mniSvnelobis sazogadoebriv interesebs exeba, xSirad informaciis mosaZieblad kanonmdeblobaSi Cawvdomas saWiroebs. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor vekidebiT gansaxilvel Temas ara mxolod maSin, rodesac saqme gvaqvs bavSvebTan, romlebic uSualo wyaros warmoadgenen, aramed im TvalsazrisiTac, Tu rogori midgoma gvaqvs am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. `iunisefma~ gamouSva mediaSi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romlebSic mocemulia sasargeblo rCevebi bavSvebis Sesaxeb siuJetebis momzadebisTvis da sadiskusio Temebi. rogorc wesi, Jurnalistebi yvela statiasa Tu siuJetSi, maT Soris iseTebSic, romlebic bavSvis uflebebs exeba, deben ZiriTad faseulobebs, rogorebicaa: zegavlena, drouloba, sinamdvilesTan siaxlove, konfliqti, aqtualuroba, siaxle da Sesabamisoba. am faseulobebis gareSe, ragind kargi unda eCvenebodeT masala Jurnalistebsa Tu bavSvis uflebaTa propagandistebs, igi auditorias ver daainteresebs.

`iunisefis~ saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis 1. ufro metad nuRar moaxdenT bavSvis stigmatizacias; Tavi aarideT kategorizaciebs an siuJetis iseT aRweras, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios bavSvisaTvis samagieros gadaxda – damatebiTi fizikuri an fsiqologiuri zianis miyeneba, damcireba, diskriminacia, an adgilobrivi sazogadoebis mier gariyva.

2. yovelTvis gadmoeciT bavSvis ambavi an misi saxe Sesabamis konteqstSi. 3. yovelTvis SecvaleT bavSvis saxeli da dafareT misi garegnoba, Tu bavSvi aris: a. seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli; b. fizikuri an seqsualuri Zaladobis Camdeni; g. aiv-dadebiTi an SidsiT daavadebuli, garda im SemTxvevebisa, Tu bavSvi, mSobeli an masze pasuxismgebeli piri ar ganacxadebs Tanxmobas sruliad Segnebulad; d. eWvmitanili an msjavrdebuli; e. saomar moqmedebebSi CarTuli bavSvi iaraRiT xelSi. 4. bavSvisaTvis zianis miyenebis an samagieros gadaxdis riskis an potenciuri riskis SemTxvevaSi SecvaleT bavSvis saxeli da SeniRbeT misi garegnuli saxe, Tu bavSvi: a. iyo meomari, amJamad ar aqvs iaraRi, magram SeiZleba arsebobdes riski; b. eZebs TavSesafars, aris ltolvili an iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri.

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5. zogjer SeiZleba bavSvis vinaobis gamxela – misi saxelis, an amosacnobi niSnebis miTiTeba, - Tuki es bavSvis saukeTeso interesebSia. magram mainc frTxilad unda iyoT da daicvaT is mavne zemoqmedebisagan, stigmisa an sapasuxo qmedebebisagan. aseTi SemTxvevebis magaliTebia: a. rodesac TviTon bavSvis iniciativiT xdeba JurnalistTan kontaqti, radgan bavSvis surs gamoiyenos azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis ufleba. b. rodesac bavSvi monawileobs socialuri mobilizaciis an sxva raime kampaniaSi da mas unda, rom misi vinaoba iyos gamJRavnebuli; g. rodesac bavSvi CarTulia fsiqo-socialur programaSi da miaCnia, rom misi saxelisa da vinaobis Tqma aucilebelia janmrTeli ganviTarebisaTvis; 6. gadaamowmeT imis siswore, ris Tqmasac apirebs bavSvi sxva bavSvebTan an ufrosTan; sasurvelia orivesTan. 7. Tu eWvobT, rom bavSvs SeiZleba emuqrebodes safrTxe, yuradReba gaamaxvileT zogad situaciaze, problemaze da ara am konkretul bavSvze, imisda miuxedavad, Tu raoden mniSvnelovan informacias Seicavs misi ambavi.

gaeros konvenciasTan dakavSirebiT kiTxvebis dasma Jurnalistebis saqmianoba saSualebas aZlevs maT, mosTxovon saxelmwifos moqmedeba saerTaSoriso valdebulebebis Sesasruleblad. SegiZliaT, Tqven Tavad wamoiwyoT kampaniebi imisaTvis, rom gaaumjobesoT sazogadoebisa da politikosebisTvis konvenciis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba? uwyobs Tu ara xels Tqveni statiebi Tu siuJetebi bavSvTa uflebebis sakiTxebSi sazogadoebis codnis gaRrmavebas da SeuZlia Tu ara, rom zegavlena moaxdinos bavSvis uflebebis xelSewyobis da dacvis saqmeSi Tqveni mTavrobis strategiis rolze? mniSvnelovania, rom Jurnalistebs SeeZloT, Tavisuflad gaakritikon gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia da masTan dakavSirebiT kiTxvebi dasvan. zogierT Jurnalists SeiZleba problema Seuqmnas bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi mocemulma ganmartebam, rom bavSvoba 18 wlis asakSi mTavrdeba, Tu es gulisxmobs, rom ar SeiZleba 16 an 17 wlis zogierTi adamianisagan intervius aReba an maTTvis kiTxvebis dasma sajarod. es aris sfero, romelic SeiZleba ganxilvis sagani gaxdes. esaubreT eqspertebs, bavSvis uflebaTa aqtivistebs da uSualod bavSvebs Tqvens qveyanaSi bavSvebis winaSe arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb. SeecadeT Tu ara adgilobrivi da centraluri xelisuflebisagan ganmartebebis miRebas bavSvebisaTvis momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofaSi da maTi uflebebis dacvaSi arsebuli naklovanebebis Taobaze? migiciaT Tu ara bavSvebisTvis SesaZlebloba, rom maT xmas xelisuflebamde da samoqalaqo sazogadoebamde mieRwia? SegimowmebiaT Tu ara arasamTavrobo

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organizaciebis saCivrebi da migipyriaT Tu ara yuradReba maT warmatebebisa da naklovanebebisaTvis? konvencia maregulirebeli wesia Tu moraluri saxelmZRvanelo? vinaidan is kanoni ki ar aris, aramed dokumentia, romlis ratificirebac saxelmwifoebma nebayoflobiT moaxdines, arsebobs Tu ara is moraluri norma, romlis Sesrulebis mixedviTac SeiZleba qveyanaze msjeloba?

statiebisa da siuJetebis wyaroebi informaciis wyaros JurnalistebisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs. informaciis wyaro iZleva arsebiT informacias sagazeTo statiebis, radioprogramebisa da satelevizio gadacemebisaTvis. isini SeiZleba daiyos or kategoriad – pirvelad da meorad wyaroebad: pirveladi wyaroebi kontaqtebi uStato TanamSromlebi regularuli satelefono zarebi gavleniani jgufebi meoradi wyaroebi werilebi redaqtorTan gancxadebebi presrelizebi mediis sxva sainformacio saSualebebi

sasamarTloebi/tribunalebi adgilobrivi mTavroba sazogadoebrivi saqmeebi preskonferenciebi

presis saagentoebi axali ambebis organizaciebi (`roiteri~, ITN) adgilobrivi xelisufleba centraluri xelisufleba

xSirad Jurnalistebi informacias pirveladi wyaroebidan interviuebis saSualebiT iReben. Tu pirvelad wyaros bavSvebi warmoadgenen, Jurnalistebma unda icodnen bavSvebisTvis intervius CamorTmevasTan dakavSirebuli da am dros gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi. am Temas Semdeg TavSi ganvixilavT, magram sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli, rom axalgazrdebis piradi cxovreba ufro metad unda iyos daculi, vidre ufrosi asakis adamianebisa. wyaroebi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia JurnalistikaSi. zogierTi mecnieruli naSromi mowmobs, rom Jurnalistebis mier gamoyenebuli wyaroebis diapazoni sakmaod pataraa da istebliSmentis interesebs emsaxureba. aseve arsebobs anonimuri wyaroebis sakiTxic; Jurnalistebis tradiciuli poziciaa, rom maT arasodes SeuZliaT daasaxelon wyaro, romelsac anonimurobis garantia misces. es sakiTxi imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom zogierTma qveyanam kanonic ki miiRo, romlis Tanaxmadac Jurnalistebs SeuZliaT amgvari anonimuroba daicvan maSinac ki, roca aRniSnul informacias sasamarTlo moiTxovs. roca Jurnalistebs wyaros dasaxelebas sTxoven, maTi tradiciuli pasuxia, rom vinaobis dasaxeleba, ragind mniSvnelovani mizezic unda arsebobdes, Jurnalistikis reputacias Selaxavs da

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Jurnalists aRaravin endoba. vrceldeba Tu ara es wesi im adamianebze, vinc bavSvze Zaladobis faqts aRiarebs? bevr Jurnalists am sakiTxze sruliad myari Sexeduleba aqvs da isini amboben, rom arasodes, aranair garemoebebSi ar unda gamJRavndes anonimuri wyaro.

Jurnalistebis ufro mcire raodenoba acxadebs, rom es sakiTxi damatebiT diskusias saWiroebs (ix. maikl folis `absolutizmi da konfidencialuroba~, `eTikal speis~ (Ethical Space), tomi 1, # 2, 2004 w.). sad SeiZleba moviZioT konkretuli informacia bavSvebisa da maTi uflebebis Sesaxeb? gTavazobT ramdenime wyaros: qveyanaSi arsebuli wyaroebi      

jandacvis adgilobrivi organoebi socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebi skolebi saojaxo samarTlis sasamarTloebi maswavlebelTa organizaciebi mSobelTa organizaciebi

bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli organizaciebi  bavSvTa ombudsmeni  bavSvis uflebaTa nacionaluri koaliciebi: http://www.crin.org/NGOGroupforCRC/ViewOrgsByC.asp?typeID=7  bavSvebis, axalgazrdebisa da mediis sakiTxebis Semswavleli centri: www.childrenyouthandmediacentre.co.uk `Caild houp~: http://www.childhope.org.uk `Cildrenz eqspres~: www.childrens-express.org./ `CailduoC interneiSenal~: www.childwatch.uio.no/ studentebma unda CamoTvalon maT qveyanaSi arsebuli nacionaluri wyaroebi da bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli organizaciebi. saerTaSoriso organizaciebi  `iunisefi~: www.unicef.org  `iunisefis~ kvleviTi centri `inoCenti~ bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb: www.unicef-icdc.org  gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisari: http://ohchr.org  bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli: www.crin.org  aliansi `gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~: http://savethechildren.net  `plen interneiSenal~: www.plan-international.org  `hiuman raiTs uoC~: http://www.hrw.org  `emnisti interneiSenal~: http://www.amnesty.org  `difens for Cildren interneiSenal~ (Defence for Children International): http://childhouse.uio.no/childrens rights/dci what.html

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 `mediaaqtivoba da kargi ideebi bavSvebis mier, bavSvebisaTvis da maTTan erTad~ (MAGIC): http://www.unicef.org/magic/index.html bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti  bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti: http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/index.htm  gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis sxdomaze TiToeuli qveynis mier warmodgenili angariSebi: http://www.ohchr.info/english/bodies/crc/sessions.htm an http://www.unohchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf  alternatiuli angariSebi – arasamTavrobo organizaciebis alternatiuli angariSebis moZieba SeiZleba qveynis, sxdomis da organizaciis kombinaciiT: http://www.crin.org/NGOGroupforCRC/search.asp

bavSvTa uflebebze momuSave da media organizaciebi saqarTveloSi gaeros bavSvTa fondis saqarTvelos warmomadgenloba: www.unicef.org/georgia britanuli arasamTavrobo organizacia _ yvela bavSvi : www.everychild.org.uk arasamTavrobo organizacia – bavSvi da garemo : www.childandenvironment.org.ge saerTaSoriso organizacia – gadavarCinoT bavSvebi: www.savethechildren.org uold viJeni : www.wvi.org arasamTavrobo organizacia – saqarTvelos bavSvebi : www.cog.ge gaeros asociacia: www.una.org axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia: www.gyla.ge saxalxo damcvelis ofisis bavSvis uflebaTa centri: www.ombudsman.ge saqarTvelos regionuli mediis asociacia: www.grma.ge saqarTvelos regionuli mauwyebelTa asociacia: http://www.garb.ge/ mSvidobis, demokratiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti (kavkasiuri instituti): www.cipdd.ge asociacia “studia re”: www.studiore.org.ge/ adamianis uflebaTa sainformacio da sakonsultacio centri: www.humanrights.ge mediis veb-portali: www.media.ge interniusi saqarTvelo: www.internews.ge Jurnalistikisa da mediamenejmentis kavkasiuri skola: www.gipa.ge omisa da mSvidobis instituti: www.iwpr.net

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti: www.tsu.edu.ge

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ilias saxelmwifo universiteti: www.iliauni.edu.ge saqarTvelos universiteti: www.ug.edu.ge

sakontaqto wignaki: Jurnalistebma sakontaqto wignakis warmoeba karieris dasawyisSi unda daiwyon (roca jer kidev swavloben Jurnalistikas). saxelebi da gvarebi, misamarTebi, telefonis nomrebi da eleqtronuli fostis misamarTebi saimedod unda iyos Senaxuli. reportiorebi, romelTa specializacia bavSvebis sakiTxebis Seswavla an masTan dakavSirebuli iseTi sferoa, rogorebicaa ganaTleba an jandacva, regularulad unda urekavdnen TavianT sakontaqto pirebs, raTa saqmis kursSi iyvnen, Tu ra xdeba am sferoSi. axali ambebis wyaroebi SeiZleba iyos sxva sainformacio gamoSvebebic. siuJetSi bavSvebis Sesaxeb ar aris aucilebeli naxsenebi iyos bavSvTa uflebebi, magram saWiroa Tvalyuris devneba, Tu rogor aris daculi es uflebebi. JurnalebSi dabeWdili samecniero statiebi, romlebic mcire tiraJiT gamodis, gvTavazoben uaxlesi kvlevebis Sedegebs, rac SeiZleba aseve mdidari wyaro iyos statiebisa Tu siuJetebisaTvis. dasviT kiTxvebi: ratom ixsneba axali skola? ratom ixureba Zveli skola? gaTvaliswinebulia Tu ara axal ganaSenianebaSi Sesabamisi Senobebi bavSvebisaTvis, rogoricaa dawesebuleba skolamdeli asakis bavSvebisaTvis, sportuli moednebi, skolebi? rogori pirobebia bavSvebisaTvis adgilobriv saavadmyofoebSi? adgilobriv policias gavlili aqvs Tu ara specialuri treningi axalgazrdebTan urTierTobis sakiTxebSi? ra tipis treningi aqvs gavlili?

damatebiTi literatura da resursebi `media uaiz trast~ (Media Wise Trust) da `iunisefi~: `bavSvTa uflebebi da media~, 1999 http://www. mediawise.org.uk/display page.php?id =125 JurnalistebisaTvis gankuTvnili rigi saxelmZRvaneloebisa, rogoricaa devid rendalis `universaluri Jurnalisti~ (The

Universal

Journalist)

an

riCard

kiblis

saxelmZRvanelo~(The Newspaper Handbook), romlebic informaciis wyaroebs exeba. maikl folis `absolutizmi da konfidencialuroba~, Ethical Space, Vol 1 No 2, 2004: www.ethicalspace.org

`sagazeTo

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ZiriTadi terminebi wyaroebTan urTierTobisas bevri Jurnalisturi Jargoni enaSi filmebidan da romanebidan Semovida.

Tumca xSirad ar arsebobs erTi azri sityvebis mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebiT. amitom mniSvnelovania, rom, roca informaciis wyaros esaubrebiT an intervius iRebT, auxsnaT, Tu ras gulisxmobT. aseve unda icodeT, rom zogi ufro kompetenturia mediis sakiTxebSi. iseve, rogorc yvela sxva sferoSi, saRi azri aqac saukeTeso gzamkvlevia. gaxsovdeT, rom bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb wera sakmaod delikaturi ram aris. gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili da konfidencialuri informacia adamianebs, romlebic CarTuli arian bavSvis uflebaTa dacvaSi, eqnebaT bavSvebis mimarT cudi mopyrobis an Zaladobis faqtebis gamomJRavnebis survili. am sferos delikaturi xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT, Jurnalistebma aucileblad unda icodnen, Tu rogor unda elaparakon adamianebs konfidencialurad da ras niSnavs es. roca romelime anonimur wyaros esaubrebiT, yovelTvis auxseniT, ras gulisxmobT konfidencialurobaSi.

moyvanili citatebi es swored is aris, rac Jurnalistebis umetesobas unda da sWirdeba: zustad moaxdinos imis citireba, Tu ra Tqva adamianma. es Jurnalistur masalas met kompetenturobas da sarwmunoobas SesZens. idealur SemTxvevaSi dasaxelebuli unda iyos citatis avtori. gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili informacia roca Jurnalisti informaciis oficialur wyaros esaubreba, mis mier gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebi avtomaturad iwereba, anu SesaZlebelia am adamianis citireba da misi vinaobis gamJRavneba. konfidencialuri informacia ar SeiZleba konfidencialurad gandobili informaciis citireba, is mxolod damxmare informacias warmoadgens. metad mniSvnelovania, rom adamianma, romelsac esaubrebiT, Tavidanve gaigos, rom konfidencialurobasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri SeTanxmeba daculi iqneba. Zalian xSirad nu daTanxmdebiT konfidencialurobis dacvaze. Tqveni statia aradamajerebeli iqneba da cinikosebs SeiZleba eWvi gauCndeT, rom nawili informaciisa SeTxzulia. miwodebuli informacia unda tovebdes STabeWdilebas: `gasagebia, rom...~. zog SemTxvevaSi konfidencialuri informaciiT SeiaraRebulma SeiZleba moaxerxoT saTanado kiTxvebis dasma sxva adamianisTvis da oficialuri versia miiRoT.

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informaciis wyaros vinaobis gaumJRavnebloba viRacas SeiZleba surdes raime gancxadebis gakeTeba, magram ar surdes, rom es informacia mis saxels daukavSiron (aseT dros SeiZleba iTqvas: `mrewvelobis dargis Sesaxeb informaciis wyaroebi~, `... daaxloebuli wyaroebi~, `seriozuli wyaroebi~ da a.S.). adamians SeiZleba undodes komentaris gakeTeba mrewvelobis sferoze, magram ar undodes, rom sazogadoebam naxos, Tu ra komentars akeTebs konkurentebze. zog qveyanaSi mTavrobis presmdivani yovelTvis vinaobis gaumJRavneblobis principiT muSaobs. ecadeT, daarwmunoT adamianebi, dagrTon neba, rom maTi vinaoba axsenoT informaciasTan dakavSirebiT, radgan amis Sedegad masala ukeTesi da ufro damajerebeli gamova. komentaris gareSe ecadeT, daarwmunoT adamianebi, romlebic acxadeben `komentaris gareSe~, rom aman SeiZleba ubiZgos sazogadoebas, sakuTari azri Seiqmnas sakiTxze da sakuTari daskvnebi gamoitanos.

5. intervius aReba bavSvebisagan bavSvebi, rogorc informaciis wyaro da Tanxmobis miReba ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi  rogor unda aiRoT interviu bavSvebisagan?  bavSvisgan intervius aReba mxolod bavSvze pasuxismgebeli ufrosi adamianis daswrebiT SeiZleba?  rodis SeiZleba bavSvisagan intervius aReba mSoblis an meurvis dauswreblad?  saWiroebs Tu ara bavSvisgan intervius aReba im unar-Cvevebisgan gansxvavebul unarebs, romlebic zrdasrulisgan intervius aRebas sWirdeba?

bavSvebi iSviaTad xvdebian axali ambebis yuradRebis centrSi, vidre maT raime mniSvnelovani an saSineli ambavi ar SeemTxvevaT. miCneulia, rom axali ambebi pirvel rigSi ufrosebzea da ufrosebisaTvis aris gankuTvnili. gamoCenili adamianebis bavSvis dabadeba, gulaxdili aRiareba bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis an ltolvilTa banakebSi bavSvebis sikvdilis Sesaxeb _ es yvelaferi SeiZleba sensaciuri axali ambebi gaxdes, Tumca ZiriTadi yuradReba ufrosebis pasuxebzea gadatanili da ara bavSvis Sexedulebebze. rogorc bavSvebis, ise axalgazrdebis ukmayofileba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom maT aravin usmens. Tumca maT bevri aqvT ufrosebisTvis saTqmeli. bavSvebsa da ufrosebs saerTo fizikuri da socialuri garemo aqvT da

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bavSvebze Taviseburad axdens zemoqmedebas danaSaulis Tu ekonomikuri da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi. roca bavSvebis sakiTxebs mediaSi aSuqeben, rogorc wesi, maT streotipulad warmoaCenen da maT mimarT mfarvelur damokidebulebas amJRavneben.

Jurnalistebis specializacia bavSvebisagan saintereso siuJetebisa da Sexedulebebis SegrovebaSi erT-erTi saSualebaa, romliTac mediis organizaciebi SeZleben balansis damyarebas. situaciis gamosworebas xels Seuwyobda axalgazrda reportiorTa qselebis Seqmnac, vinaidan axalgazrdebs maT garSemo mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb saRi azris mowodeba SeuZliaT. imis gageba, Tu rogor xedaven axalgazrdebi maT garSemo arsebul samyaros da sazogadoebisaTvis maTi xedvis gadacema erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani amocanaa, romelic Jurnalistebis winaSe dgas. amis miuxedavad, maT iSviaTad utardebaT treningebi imaSi, Tu rogor unda moiqcnen mediaSi bavSvebis aRwerisas. Jurnalistebis pasuxismgeblobaa, miukerZoeblad warmoaCinon bavSvebi, imgvarad, rom informaciis Segrovebis da gamoqveynebis dros maT aranairi ziani ar miayenon.

Jurnalistebis movaleobebis dabalanseba im mizniT, rom maT simarTle Tqvan da Tan bavSvebi daicvan, bevr rTul da eTikur sakiTxTan aris dakavSirebuli. saWiroa Tu ara korespondentebis Careva iseTi bavSvebis cxovrebaSi, romlebsac safrTxe emuqrebaT? unda CamoarTvan Tu ara Jurnalistebma interviuebi im bavSvebs, romlebsac travma aqvT gadatanili? ra garemoebebis dros aris misaRebi bavSvis vinaobis gamJRavneba an damalva? sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli, rom axalgazrdebis piradi cxovreba zrdasrul adamianebTan SedarebiT ufro met dacvas saWiroebs. Tumca bevr qveyanaSi ar arsebobs kanoni, romelic krZalavs im bavSvebis vinaobis, naTqvamis an fotoebis gamoqveynebas, romlebic intervius sajarod CamorTmevaze Tanxmobas acxadeben. oficialuri azris gamoTqmis dros yvelaze mniSvnelovania bavSvis interesebis dacva. Jurnalistebma miznad unda daisaxon, rom bavSvs minimaluri ziani miayenon rogorc intervius aRebis momentSi, ise misi gamoqveynebiT gamowveuli SedegebiT. bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis keTildReobis dacva ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes jansaR Jurnalistur praqtikas. yvela Jurnalistma unda dausvas sakuTar Tavs ramdenime ZiriTadi kiTxva:  moxda Tu ara mcirewlovani bavSvebisagan intervius aReba ufrosebis TanxmobiT? arsebobs raime samarTlebrivi baza, romlis mixedviTac unda moxdes bavSvebisagan intervius aReba?  interviu bavSvis mimarT megobrul atmosferoSi Catarda? sakmao dro Tu

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daeTmo da Sesaferisi garemo Tu iyo?  gaTvaliswinebuli iyo Tu ara bavSvis mier gakeTebuli komentarebis, rogorc moklevadiani, ise grZelvadiani mosalodneli Sedegebi da ganumartes Tu ara es Sedegebi bavSvs?  miRebul iqna Tu ara zomebi bavSvis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad Jurnalisturi masalis gamoqveynebis Semdeg da arsebobs Tu ara damxmare sistemebi, romlebic xels uwyobs sxva bavSvebis kontaqts gamomcemelTan?  auxsnes Tu ara bavSvebs, ra bedi elis maT mier miwodebul informacias da SeuZliaT Tu ara gaecnon masalas dasrulebuli saxiT? pirdapir eTerSi axali ambebis gaSuqebis SemoRebasTan erTad, arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom TanamSromlebma, romlebsac mkacri vadebis pirobebSi uwevT saqmianoba, icodnen axalgazrdebTan muSaobis martivi wesebi. `si-enenma ~ SeimuSava eqvsi faqtorisagan Sedgenili sia, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos im dros, rodesac iReben gadawyvetilebas sensaciuri masalisaTvis bavSvebisagan intervius aRebis mizanSewonilebaze. es faqtorebia:     

asaki da simwife; Zaladobis xarisxi; bavSvis kavSiri romelime msxverplTan; mSoblis nebarTvis arseboba; masala firzea gadaRebuli Tu pirdapiri eTeriT gadaicema.

`bi-bi-sis~ aseve mkacri saxelmZRvanelo principebi aqvs bavSvebTan muSaobisaTvis: ixileT `bi-bi-sis~ saredaqcio principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT. xSirad bavSvebi ufrosebsa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs eubnebian imas, rac hgoniaT, rom undaT uTxran, magram es yovelTvis is ar aris, risi Tqmac maT sinamdvileSi surT. gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom bavSvebi ufro zust informacias maSin iZlevian, roca micemuli aqvT dro imisaTvis, rom Tavisuflad ilaparakon sakuTar ambebze, vidre maSin, roca maT pirdapir kiTxvebs usvamen. mizanSewonilia, rom intervius dros Soriaxlos bavSvebisaTvis nacnobi ufrosebi imyofebodnen, magram yvelaze zusti informaciis miReba maSin SeiZleba, roca bavSvebi Tanatolebis garemocvaSi arian. amis miuxedavad, Cveulebriv mniSvnelovania, rom, Tu SesaZlebelia, miRebuli iqnes Sesabamisi ufrosi adamianis (mSoblis an mzrunvelis) Tanxmoba. marTalia, unda arsebobdes zogadi wesi Sesabamisi zrdasruli adamianisagan nebarTvis mopovebasa da imis uzrunvelyofaze, rom intervius Tema ar amoagdebs bavSvs kalapotidan, magram arsebobs Temebi, romlebTan dakavSirebiTac bavSvebis Sexedulebebis gamokiTxva ar iqneba problemuri. magaliTad, siuJets kvebis da imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras Wamen bavSvebi, SeiZleba axldes bavSvebTan gasaubreba, rodesac bavSvebi moyvebian, ris Wama uyvarT an ramden fuls aZleven jibis fulad.

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fotoebSi bavSvebis gamoyeneba mediis mier warmodgenili yvelaze SemZvreli tragediis, konfliqtis, bunebrivi katastrofis an imedis gamomsaxveli zogierTi foto an gamosaxuleba bavSvebs exeba. magaliTad, dabombvis damangreveli Zala mudmivad asocirebuli iqneba cxra wlis fan Ti kim fukTan, romelic SiSveli garbis vietnamis gzaze. aRniSnulma fotom 1972 wels nik ats `msoflio presis fotos~ jildo moutana. sainteresoa, gamoqveyndeboda Tu ara amgvari foto dRevandel dRes da, Tu ara, ratom? am fotos gamoqveynebis mizani bavSvis yuradRebis centrSi moqceva iyo Tu is ufro farTo mizans _ vietnamis omis asaxvas _ emsaxureboda, ramac mis gamoqveynebas Seuwyo xeli? aRniSnuli fotos naxva SesaZlebelia misamarTze: http://www.worldpressphoto.org/index.php?option=com _ photogallery&task=view&id=177&Itemid =115&bandwidth=high

amgvari fotoebis an gamosaxulebis gardauvali aspeqtia, rom bavSvebi identificirebuli arian; isini realuri saxelebis da istoriebis mqone adamianebi arian. Tumca bavSvebis identificireba Tundac maTi saxelebis miuTiTeblad SeiZleba sabediswero gaxdes. dasavleTis erT-erT gazeTSi jariskaci bavSvis Cveneba imiT dasrulda, rom aTasobiT miliT daSorebul, omiT ganadgurebul erT-erT afrikul qveyanaSi es bavSvi mokles. imaT, vinc bavSvebs eqspluatacias uwevs, ar surT, rom maT sisastikes mowmeebi hyavdes. kosovos krizisis periodSi balkaneTis redaqtorebma uari Tqves im bavSvebis fotoebis gamoqveynebaze, romlebic gaasaxles, vinaidan icodnen samxedro danaSaulis sasamarTlo procesebze potenciuri mowmeebis identificirebis riskebis Sesaxeb. amgvari TavSekaveba ar SeiniSneboda dasavleTis qveynebis mediis sxva saSualebebSi, romlebmac naxes, rom aseTi fotoebis Zalam SeiZleba gaeros da nato-s mxridan intervencia gamoiwvios. omis, danaSaulis da bunebrivi katastrofebis dros gadaRebuli bavSvebis fotoebisa da gamosaxulebebis gamoyeneba seriozul dafiqrebas saWiroebs. fotoJurnalistebs gamouTqvamT pretenzia, rom maT mier gadaRebul fotoebs aramiznobrivad da konteqstidan amoglejilad iyeneben. humanitaruli daxmarebis muSakebi ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamdnen gadamRebi jgufebis mier ltolvilTa banakebSi sasowarkveTili bavSvebis gadaRebis gamo. es reportiorebi ver acnobierebdnen, rom bavSvebis aSkara SiSi da travmireba SeiZleba gamowveuli yofiliyo ucxoel JurnalistebTan moulodneli SexebiT. arasamTavrobo organizaciebma, romlebic xSirad gamoTqvamen ukmayofilebas mediis mier bavSvTa uflebebis darRvevis gamo, SeiZleba Tavad gamoiyenon bavSvis foto an gamosaxuleba Tanxebis mosazidad. ra aris bavSvis fotoze ufro qmediTi, rac maT muSaobas warmoaCens?

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bavSvis foto an gamosaxuleba bavSvebis fotoebs xSirad iyeneben omis an katastrofebis aRsawerad amgvari fotoebis emociuri xasiaTis gamo. `msoflio presis fotos~ konkursis gamarjvebulTa fotoebi SegiZliaT ixiloT Semdeg internetgverdze: http://www.worldpressphoto.org/ da dafiqrdeT bavSvis fotoebis gamoyenebaze.

ra garemoebebSi (Tu odesme) aris axali ambebis Rirebuleba ufro mniSvnelovani, vidre bavSvis interesebi? ra meTodebia misaRebi bavSvis fotos an gamosaxulebis Seqmnisas, gansakuTrebiT iseTi ambebis sailustraciod, rodesac bavSvis vinaobis gamJRavnebasTan SeiZleba gansakuTrebuli riskebi iyos dakavSirebuli? iunisefma bavSvebisagan intervius asaRebad Semdegi saxelmZRvanelo principebi SeimuSava:

iunisefis saxelmZRvanelo aRebasTan dakavSirebiT

principebi

bavSvebisagan

intervius

1. ziani ar miayenoT arc erT bavSvs. Tavi aarideT iseTi kiTxvebis dasmas, an iseTi damokidebulebis an mosazrebebis gamoxatvas, romlebsac aqvT gansjis xasiaTi, ar iTvaliswineben bavSvis kulturul faseulobebs da safrTxes uqmnian an amcireben bavSvs, an romlebic iwveven travmis Sedegad gamowveuli tkivilis da uaryofiTi emociis xelaxal gancdas.

2. interviusaTvis bavSvis SerCevisas nu moaxdenT mis dirkiminacias sqesis, rasis, asakis, religiis, statusis, ganaTlebis an fizikuri SesaZleblobebis mixedviT. 3. ar aris saWiro inscenireba. ar TxovoT bavSvs iseTi ambis moyola an moqmedebis ganxorcieleba, romelic ar aris kavSirSi mis sakuTar istoriasTan. 4. aucilebelia, rom bavSvma an masze pasuxismgebelma pirma/meurvem icodnen, rom esaubrebian Jurnalists. auxseniT intervius mizani da sad da rogor iqneba is gamoyenebuli.

5. aucilebelia bavSvis an misi meurvis/masze pasuxismgebeli piris Tanxmoba nebismieri intervius, video firze an, SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, dokumenturi fotosuraTebis gadaRebisaTvis. Tu SesaZlebelia da marTebuli, Tanxmoba unda iyos werilobiTi xasiaTis. Tanxmoba bavSvisagan an masze pasuxismgebeli pirisagan unda iyos miRebuli yovelgvari iZulebis gareSe da maT unda icodnen, rom isini iqnebian im istoriis Semadgeneli nawili, romelic gavrceldeba adgilobrivi an farTo masStabiT. amis uzrunvelyofa, Cveulebriv, maSin aris SesaZlebeli, rodesac Tanxmobis miReba xdeba bavSvis mSobliur enaze da gadawyvetileba miRebulia im ufrosTan konsultaciis Sedegad, romelsac bavSvi endoba.

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6. miaqcieT yuradReba, sad da rogor xdeba bavSvisgan intervius aReba. SezRudeT fotografebis da im adamianebis raodenoba, romlebic mas dausvamen kiTxvebs. uzrunvelyaviT, rom bavSvebi Tavs ar grZnobdnen uxerxulad da SeZlon sakuTari ambis moyola garegani zewolis gareSe, maT Soris Jurnalistis mxridan. filmis, video an radio interviuebis dros gaiTvaliswineT video Tu audio saSualebebis gavlena bavSvis cxovrebasa da istoriaze. uzrunvelyaviT, rom bavSvs ar daemuqros safrTxe an masze uaryofiTad ar aisaxos misi saxlis, mezoblebis an saerTod, sacxovrebeli garemos Cvenebis gamo.

intervius Semdeg...  madloba gadauxadeT bavSvs imisaTvis, rom dro gamonaxa da gagesaubraT.  hkiTxeT, xom ara aqvs raime SekiTxva.  ifiqreT bavSvisTvis kompensaciis gadaxdaze, vinaidan man Tqven dro dagiTmoTY(gansakuTrebiT momuSave an quCis bavSvebisTvis), magram gaxsovdeT, rom es aris drois kompensacia da ara gadaxda interviusTvis. monayoli ambisaTvis Tanxis gadaxdam SeiZleba damaxinjebuli saxe miiRos, radgan xSirad adamianebi Jurnalistebs awvdian informacias, romelic, maTi azriT, Jurnalistebs sWirdebaT, gansakuTrebiT, Tu maT miaCniaT, rom aRniSnuli informacia sensaciuria da met fuls moitans.  kidev erTxel ganumarteT bavSvs, risTvis iqneba gamoyenebuli statia da SeuTanxmdiT, rom gaugzavniT statias.  hkiTxeT, xom ar surs raimes amoReba an sakuTari saxelis Tu sxva detalebis Secvla.

organizacia `gadavarCinoT bavSvebis~ bavSvebisgan intervius aRebis saxelmZRvanelo principebi momzadeba gaerkvieT sakuTar damokidebulebaSi bavSvebis mimarT. nu gamoamJRavnebT mfarvelur damokidebulebas maT mimarT, nurc imas aCvenebT, rom maTze meti iciT. maT adgilas warmoidgineT Tavi da pativiscemiT moepyariT. detalurad ganumarteT, ras akeTebT da ratom gsurT maTTan saubari. aCveneT sxva bavSvebisgan aRebuli interviuebis magaliTebi. ganumarteT, risTvis gamoiyenebT masalas da aiReT maTgan nebarTva mis gamoqveynebaze. gulaxdili iyaviT imasTan dakavSirebiT, rasac akeTebT, nu daaimedebT (magaliTad, fuliT, samuSaoTi, samedicino momsaxurebiT).

Tu Tarjimani gWirdebaT, amoarCieT iseTi adamiani, romelsac advilad SeuZlia bavSvTan kontaqtis damyareba, ar SeaSinebs mas da intervius mizani misTvis gasagebi iqneba. uTxariT Tarjimans, rom man yvelaferi Targmnos, gadmosces

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bavSvis sityvebi da ara mxolod mokle Sinaarsi. gamoiyeneT diqtofoni (Tu stenografia kargad ar gexerxebaT). sxva SemTxvevaSi bavSvis ena da is, ris gamoxatvac mas unda, SeiZleba daikargos. moZebneT Sesaferisi wynari adgili (SenobaSi an gareT), sadac bavSvi komfortulad da Tavisuflad igrZnobs Tavs. mieciT mas adgilis SerCevis saSualeba. uzrunvelyaviT, rom intervius, Tarjimnis garda, ufrosebi ar daeswron _ garda proeqtis TanamSromlis, maswavleblis an sxva ufrosisa, romelsac bavSvi icnobs da endoba.

SeiZleba mizanSewonili iyos bavSvebis patara jgufTan (2-5 bavSvi) intervius Catareba _ bavSvebi erTmaneTs mxars dauWeren da azrebs gauziareben. magram moifiqreT, rogor gaarCioT, romeli bavSvi ras ambobs.

SeecadeT, SeqmnaT uSualo garemo. isaubreT, iTamaSeT, moasmenineT magnitofonze Cawerili sakuTari xmebi. gauSinaurdiT – magaliTad, iatakze maTTan erTad dajeqiT. moitaneT rame piradi nivTi, magaliTad, fotoebi, rac bavSvebs SeboWilobas mouxsnis an diskusiaSi Caabams. interviu mieciT bavSvs saSualeba, Tavad airCios saubris tempi da ise giamboT sakuTari ambavi. frTxilad moekideT iarliyebis gamoyenebas (magaliTad, rogoricaa `meZavi bozi~ da ara `komerciuli seqsis muSaki~), romlebic bavSvisTvis ar aris Sesaferisi.

Tavidan advili kiTxvebi dausviT – magaliTad, hkiTxeT saxeli, asaki, sad cxovrobs. mimarTeT saxeliT. dausviT Ria kiTxvebi. erideT Zalian bevr daxurul kiTxvas, romelzec bavSvma `diax~ an `ara~ unda gipasuxoT. TqvenTvis sasurveli informaciis miRebamde SeiZleba mogixdeT kiTxvebis sxvadasxva gziT dasma. sasurvelia, frTxilad, daJinebiT isaubroT Temaze da gamoiwvioT bavSvi, ifiqros Tqven mier dasmul kiTxvebze. gaiTvaliswineT is garemoeba, rom bavSvi Tavs SeiZleba uxerxulad grZnobdes da nu aiZulebT, misTvis mtkivneul sakiTxebze isaubros. mzad iyaviT, daasruloT interviu an gadaxvideT naklebad mtkivneul Temaze, Tu SeatyobT, rom bavSvi daiZaba.

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damatebiTi literatura da resursebi kanadis `media euearnes netuorkma~ (Media Awareness Network) SeimuSava `mediainstrumentebis nakrebi axalgazrdebisaTvis~, romelSic aris axalgazrdebisaTvis gankuTvnili Tavi `Tqveni uflebebis codna~ da mocemulia rCeva, Tu rogor unda moiqcnen axalgazrdebi presis warmomadgenlebTan intervius dros: http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/index.cfm aSS-is pointeris institutma sakuTar internetgevrdze ganaTavsa saxelmZRvanelo principebi. aRniSnuli internetgverdi ufaso momsaxurebas uwevs yvela dainteresebul pirs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor imuSaon axalgazrdebTan: http://www.poynter.org/ `gadavarCinoT bavSvebi UK“-m gamoaqveyna bukleti saxelwodebiT `bavSvebisagan intervius aReba. saxelmZRvanelo Jurnalistebisa da sxvebisaTvis~, romelic gvTavazobs praqtikul miTiTebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda aviRoT interviu bavSvebisagan. es bukleti msoflio masStabiT bavSvebs Soris Catarebuli kvlevaa. igi sasargebloa beWdviTi mediis, radio- da teleJurnalistebis, axali ambebis studiebisa da mediis sxva saSualebebisaTvis: www.savethechildren.org.uk

6. bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros

ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi    

jariskaci bavSvebis istoriebi konteqsti, omi, samoqalaqo areuloba, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis kolafsi jariskaci bavSvebis Temis sensaciuroba unar-Cvevebis sxva ambebTan mimarTebiT gamoyeneba

jariskaci bavSvebis sakiTxi mTavar Temad iqca mediaSi. istoriebi jariskaci bavSvebis Sesaxeb wamoWrian seriozul da rTul sakiTxebs ara mxolod bavSvTa uflebebis TvalsazrisiT, aramed eTikuri kuTxiTac, rac ukavSirdeba mauwyeblobas omisa da samoqalaqo konfliqtis dros. sakiTxebi orientirebulia sensaciurobaze. marTebulia Tu ara konfliqtis zonebSi myofi bavSvebis iseTi fotoebis Cveneba, romlebic ar iqneboda naCvenebi arakonfliqtur teritoriebze? iwvevs Tu ara 11 wlis bavSvis foto, romelsac samxedro forma acvia da TiTqmis Tavisxela `kalaSnikovi~ uWiravs, seriozul SekiTxvebs, Tu mxolod ydis karg gamosaxulebas iZleva? aris Tu ara Jurnalistebis samsaxurebrivi movaleoba, rom gaaSuqon jariskaci bavSvebic da sazogadoebaSi maTi reintagraciis mcdelobebic?

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jariskaci bavSvebi _ es dausrulebeli Temaa. iseve, rogorc sxva xangrZlivi Temebis SemTxvevaSi, mediis daRlam SeiZleba simZafre moaklos Temas. magram Jurnalisti valdebulia, sxvadasxva kuTxiT Sexedos problemas, magaliTad imas, Tu rogor xdeba am bavSvebis reintegracia, da moZebnos sazogadoebis winaSe am Temis aqtualurobis SenarCunebis gzebi.

2000 wels gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam miiRo bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis fakultatiuri oqmi SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi bavSvebis monawileobis Sesaxeb. oqmiT akrZalulia 18 wlamde asakis bavSvebis iZulebiTi gawveva an maTi gamoyeneba saomari moqmedebebis dros. dRemde is ratificirebulia 110-ze meti qveynis mier. daaxloebiT 300 000 gogonasa da biWis samxedro gawveva da gamoyeneba SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi amJamad sayovelTaod aRiarebulia bavSvTa uflebebis darRvevad, rac mkacr saerTaSoriso reagirebas moiTxovs.

SeiaraRebuli konfliqti mraval aspeqtSi aiZulebs bavSvebs, gamotovon TavianTi bavSvoba. jariskacebad gawveuli bavSvebi ver iReben saTanado ganaTlebas da dacvas da xSirad maTTvis miuwvdomelia ZiriTadi jandacvis momsaxurebac. msgavs danakargebs ganicdian iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli da TavianT ojaxebs daSorebuli bavSvebic. konfliqti zrdis bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis, maTi Seuracxyofisa da eqspluataciis risks. seqsualuri Zaladoba xSirad gamoiyeneba rogorc brZolis iaraRi. is bavSvebic ki, vinc sakuTar ojaxebSi, sakuTar saxlebSi rCeba, SeiZleba dadgnen skolidan gaSvebis riskis winaSe, darCnen jandacvis momsaxurebisa da dacvis gareSe fizikuri infrastruqturis ganadgurebis, jandacvisa da ganaTlebis sistemebze zewolis, aseve mzardi piradi daucvelobis gamo, rac gamowveulia konfliqtiT an misi narCenebiT – rogoricaa naRmebi da aufeTqebeli sabrZolo masala. msoflios 20-ze met qveyanaSi bavSvebi omis uSualo monawileebi arian. xSirad saSineli Zaladobis msxverplni, 200 000-dan 300 000-mde bavSvi msaxurobs jarSi rogorc ajanyebulTa rigebSi, ise samTavrobo ZalTa mxares mimdinare SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi. es axalgazrda mebrZolebi monawileoben Tanamedrove saomari moqmedebebis yvela aspeqtSi. maT xelT upyriaT `AK-47~ da `M-16~, dganan frontis wina xazze, msaxuroben rogorc ganmnaRmvelebi, monawileoben TviTmkvlelobis misiebSi, ezidebian maragebs da moqmedeben rogorc jaSuSebi an mzveravebi. magaliTad, komunisturi partiis mier nepalSi 10-wliani samoqalaqo omis dros jarSi ayvanili iyo aTasobiT bavSvi. bavSvebi msaxurobdnen frontis wina xazze, gadiodnen swavlebas iaraRis xmarebaSi da arsebiTi mniSvnelobis samxedro da logistikur daxmarebas uwevdnen maoistebs. 2006 wels mTavrobasTan yovlismomcveli samSvidobo xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Semdegac ki maoistebma ganagrZes bavSvebis gawveva da uari Tqves TavianTi rigebidan maT gaSvebaze.

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burundiSi mimdinare 13-wliani samoqalaqo omis dros konfliqtis yvela mxare iyenebda bavSvebs, rogorc mebrZolebs da, zogadad, damxmareebs. 3 000-ze meti bavSvi demobilizebul iqna, magram meamboxeTa erT-erTi razmi saxelwodebiT `erovnuli ganmaTavisuflebeli Zalebi~ kvlav ganagrZobs bavSvebis gamoyenebas mebrZolebad da sxvadasxva davalebis Sesasruleblad. amasTan, aTobiT bavSvi, vinc am dajgufebaSi msaxurobda an brali edeba masTan kavSirSi, saxelmwifo patimrobaSi imyofeba daxmarebis gareSe. bavSvebi, rogorc wesi, morCili jariskacebi arian, radgan isini fizikurad daucvelebi arian da maTi damcireba advilia. bevri maTgani motacebulia an iZulebiT aris gawveuli da xSirad brZanebebis Sesruleba sikvdilis muqaris qveS uwevs. zogierTi maTgani SeiaraRebul dajgufebebs sasowarkveTilebis gamo uerTdeba. vinaidan konfliqtis dros xdeba sazogadoebis rRveva – rodesac bavSvebi veRar dadian skolebSi, iZulebulni xdebian, datovon saxlebi da daSordnen TavianTi ojaxebis wevrebs – bevri bavSvi SeiaraRebul jgufebs uyurebs, rogorc gadarCenis saukeTeso Sanss. sxvebi cdiloben, Tavi daaRwion siRaribes an SeuerTdnen samxedro Zalebs, raTa Suri iZion ojaxis mokluli wevrebis gamo. saerTaSoriso samarTlis gaZliereba da gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos mier bavSvebis samxedro gawvevis problemis aRiareba mniSvelovani miRwevebia. magram am iniciativebs Tan unda sdevdes praqtikuli zomebi, romlebic miscems bavSvebs, maT ojaxebsa da sazogadoebas jarSi gawvevis stabilur alternativebs, romlebic gamiznuli iqneba bavSvebis ganTavisuflebisa da demobilizaciisken da xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebaSi maT reintegracias. gadaudebel prioritets warmoadgens 18 wlamde asakis yvela piris samxedro Zalebidan demobilizacia. bavSvebis monawileoba aRniSnuli unda iyos yvela samSvidobo SeTanxmebaSi, raTa efeqtianad daigegmos maTi reintegraciis programebi. reintegraciis procesi exmareba bavSvebs cxovrebaSi axali fundamentis CamoyalibebaSi. ojaxsa da sazogadoebasTan kavSiris ganaxleba mniSvnelovania yofili jariskaci bavSvebisTvis, romlebic TavianTi ojaxebisgan moSorebiT gaizardnen da moklebulni iyvnen fizikuri, emociuri da inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis normalur SesaZleblobebs. yofili mcirewlovani mebrZolebisTvis ganaTlebisa da dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebis Seqmna xels uwyobs maT, rom Tavidan airidon samxedro danayofebSi xelaxali gawevrianeba da, amave dros, zrdis maTi ojaxebis ekonomikur usafrTxoebas. yofili jariskaci bavSvisTvis ganaTleba ufro metia, vidre mxolod gza dasaqmebisaken. ganaTlebis saSualebiT misi cxovreba normalur kalapots ubrundeba da is SeZlebs Camoyalibdnen pirovnebad, romelic gansxvavebulia jariskacisgan. amasTan dakavSirebuli siZnele is aris, rom yofili mebrZolebi SesaZloa bevrad CamorCnen swavlas da SeiZleba Cairicxon dabal klasebSi gacilebiT ufro mcirewlovan bavSvebTan erTad. SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes specialuri zomebis miReba, rogoric aris specialuri klasebis Camoyalibeba

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yofili jariskaci bavSvebisaTvis, romelTa reintegracia SemdgomSi SesaZlebeli iqneba Cveulebriv skolebSi. SemuSavebulia garkveuli zomebi, raTa minimumamde iqnes dayvanili an Tavidan acilebuli bavSvebis jariskacebad gamoyeneba. magaliTad, adgilobriv mosaxleobas meti informacia unda miewodos erovnuli da saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb, romelic aregulirebs samxedro gawvevis asakobriv zRvars. arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, religiur jgufebs da, zogadad, samoqalaqo sazogadoebas, SeuZliaT, mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulon zneobrivi CarCoebis dadgenaSi, romlebic miuReblad aRiarebs bavSvebis monawileobas SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi. peruSi iZulebiT gawvevis mcdelobebi Semcirda iq, sadac samociqulo eklesiebma dagmes aseTi qmedeba. el-salvadorSi, gvatemalasa da paragvaiSi eTnikurma jgufebma da jariskaci bavSvebis dedebma Camoayalibes organizaciebi, romlebic zewolas axdenen xelisuflebaze, raTa gaaTavisuflon arasrulwlovani jariskacebi. kidev erTi mniSvnelovani prevenciuli zoma aris ltolvilTa an iZulebiT gadanacvlebul pirTa banakebSi mitovebuli bavSvebis aqtiuri da adreuli aRricxva da gamovlena. devnilTa banakebis konfliqturi zonebidan Sor manZilze ganTavsebas aseve SeuZlia Seamciros Sansi imisa, rom bavSvebs gadaibireben an ZaliT gaawevrianeben mebrZolTa rigebSi. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT moicavs ramdenime muxls, kerZod, 38-e muxls SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis Sesaxeb da 39-e muxls SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis msxverpli bavSvebis sareabilitacio mkurnalobis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, 2002 wlis 12 Tebervals ZalaSi Sevida fakultatiuri oqmi SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi bavSvebis monawileobis Sesaxeb. oqmi moiTxovs, rom xelmomwerma saxelmwifoebma uzrunvelyon, rom 18 wlamde asakis bavSvebi ar iyvnen savaldebulo wesiT gawveulni maT SeiaraRebul ZalebSi. is aseve mouwodebs xelmomwer saxelmwifoebs, miiRon yvela SesaZlebeli zoma imisaTvis, rom maTi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis 18 wlamde asakis wevrebma ar miiRon monawileoba samxedro moqmedebebSi. fakultatiuri oqmis interpretacia yovelTvis unda moxdes mTlianobaSi, Tavdapirveli SeTanxmebis WrilSi, am SemTxvevaSi ki diskriminaciis akrZalvis, bavSvis WeSmariti interesebisa da bavSvis monawileobis principebis gaTvaliswinebiT. gasuli aTwleulis manZilze ori milioni bavSvi iqna mokluli SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros. uTvalav SemTxvevaSi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis zegavlena bavSvebis cxovrebaze SeumCneveli rCeba. bavSvebi SeiZleba gairiyon sazogadoebisgan, moxvdnen specialur dawesebulebebSi, quCaSi an gaxdnen prostituciis msxverplni. is bavSvebi, vinc dakarga mSoblebi, xSirad ganicdian damcirebas, uaryofas da diskriminacias, rasac isini uTqmelad itanen, xolo maTi TviTSefaseba ngrevas ganicdis.

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media da bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros jariskaci bavSvebis monawileoba konfliqtebSi mTels msoflioSi warmoadgens ara marto humanitarul kriziss, aramed media sensaciasac. televiziiTa da presiT gadaicema gamosaxulebebi 11 wlis bavSvebisa, romlebic ewevian sigaras da aRWurvilni arian iaraRiT, xolo oficialuri Setyobinebebi gaerodan da adamianis uflebebis damcveli oragnizaciebis mmarTveli organodan amxelen SemaSfoTebel detalebs imisa, rasac Cveulebriv aRweren, rogorc `mzard fenomens~. jariskaci bavSvebi amJamad figurireben filmebSi, rogoricaa `sisxliani almasi~, aseve deiv egersis romanSi, xolo bred pitma Seqmna dokumenturi filmi maTi gaWirvebis Sesaxeb. 2007 wels `starbaqsma~ wignis klubi gaxsna yofili kileri biWis pirvel pirSi monaTxrobi ambiT. magram moaqvs Tu ara am istoriebs sargebloba? mediis roli sazogadoebis mier sagangebo situaciebis ukeT gaTviTcnobierebaSi Zalze mniSvnelovania qmediTi sapasuxo zomebis organizebisa da bavSvebis sicocxlis gadarCenis mizniT. Tumca axali ambebis wamyvan saagento `roiteris~ cnobiT, msoflios udidesi `daviwyebuli katastrofebis~ mTavar dartymas bavSvebi iRebdnen, maTma gaWirvebam ki mxolod odnav gaielva saerTaSiriso axal ambebSi. `roiteris~ `alert netma~ Caatara humanitaruli eqspertebisa da Jurnalistebis gamokiTxva, romelic gansazRvravs planetis yvelaze saxifaTo adgilebs bavSvebisaTvis. is ukeTebda analizs globalur mediareportaJebs inglisur enaze im pirveli 10 cxeli wertilidan, romlebic dasaxelebuli iyo respondentebis mier, da mcire kavSiri ipova tanjva-wamebis masStabebsa da Sesabamisi sagazeTo svetebis sisqes Soris. nacvlad amisa, rogorc Cans, mediis yuradRebas dasavleTis ZalebisaTvis am adgilebis geopolitikuri mniSvneloba iqcevda. mediis yuradRebis centrSi umTavresad erayi, palestinis teritoriebi da avRaneTi iyvnen. nuTu Jurnalists ara aqvs valdebuleba bavSvebis winaSe sxva konfliqtur wertilebSi? rogorc Jurnalists, Tqven gekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba im bavSvebis mimarT, romelTa Sesaxebac amzadebT reportaJs. Tqvens mier gamoqveynebul masalas gaecnobian adamianebi, romelTac SeiZleba ar hqondeT gamocdili bavSvebis mier gadatanili saSineli movlenebi. Tqveni Tema SeiZleba gaxdes ucxo pirTa sibralulis, TanagrZnobis an Tundac didsulovnebis sagani. magram ra bedi ewevaT im bavSvebs, visTanac Jurnalists aqvs urTierToba? magaliTad, devnilTa banakebi ufrosebisTvisac ki SeiZleba SiSis momgvreli da saxifaTo adgili iyos, rom araferi vTqvaT bavSvebze, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac isini mSobliuri garemodan Sors imyofebian. humanitaruli daxmarebis muSakebi gamoTqvamen pretenzias, rom ucxouri mediis Carevam SeiZleba gaaZlieros bavSvebis travma, aseve SeiZleba cru molodini Causaxos imaT, visac garkveulwilad mainc esmis mediis roli.

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amis sapirispirod, Jurnalisturi eTikis saqvelmoqmedo organizacia `mediauaiz trastma~ (MediaWise Trust) Seqmna saxelmZRvanelo principebi JurnalistebisTvis, romlebic intervius arTmeven bavSvebs omisa da bunebrivi katastrofebis dros, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli maTTvis uneblieT zianis miyeneba, rodesac pirveladi ganzraxva aris `istoriis ageba~.

`mediauaiz trast~: saxelmZRvanelo principebi reportiorebisTvis, romlebic intervius iReben bavSvebisgan omisa da bunebrivi katastrofebis dros 1. pirvel adgilze daayeneT bavSvis WeSmariti interesebi.

Tqvens reportaJebs SeiZleba moulodneli Sedegebi mohyves da amitom ifiqreT Tqvens motivaciaze, imaze, Tu rogor iqneba warmodgenili ambavi da ra zemoqmedeba SeiZleba iqonios aman bavSvze. erT-erTi mTavari sakiTxia maTi individualuroba. magaliTad, (yofili) jariskaci bavSvi, romelic medias esaubreba, SeiZleba mkvlelobis msxverpli gaxdes, Tu misi zedamxedveli gaigebs, rom is gadascems informacias, romelmac SeiZleba Crdili miayenos ufrosebs. analogiurad, danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis mowme bavSvebi SeiZleba daisajon, devnilTa banakebSic ki.

2. moipoveT nebarTvebi, rodesac da sadac SesaZlebelia. Tu bavSvebi pasuxismgebeli ufrosebis meTvalyureobis qveS imyofebian, maTTan saubris dawyebamde gaigeT maTi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. yovlad miuRebelia intervius CamorTmeva mZimed travmirebuli bavSvebisTvis, xolo rac ufro daTrgunulia bavSvi, miT ufro mniSvnelovania misi dakiTxva misTvis nacnobi ufrosis TandaswrebiT. yovelTvis SeamowmeT, misaRebia Tu ara maTi sruli identifikacia (saxelis an fotos gamoqveyneba).

3. dafiqrdiT sruli identifikaciis dadebiT da uaryofiT mxareebze. bavSvis pirovnuli identurobis aRiareba mis mimarT pativiscemisa da misgan ndobis mopovebis mniSvnelovani elementia, magram am monacemebis bolomde sajarod gaxmaureba SeiZleba miuRebeli iyos. SeiZleba bavSvs araferi hqondes sawinaaRmdego, magram rogorc pasuxismgebel ufross, Tqven mogeTxovebaT, gaiTvaliswinoT SesaZlo Sedegebi. maSinac ki, rodesac intervius iRebT bavSvebisgan, romelTac dakarges kavSiri TavianT ojaxebTan, gamoiCineT windaxeduloba maTi sruli piradi monacemebis gamJRavnebasTan dakavSirebiT. moZebneT saTanado gzebi, rom SeatyobinoT namdvil naTesavs, magram sifrTxiliT moekideT sruli identifikaciis gamJRavnebas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu damatebiTi riskis qveS ayenebT bavSvebs. dRes mediis yvela forma globaluria – ase rom, Tqveni istoria SeiZleba naxon adamianebma, romelTa ganzraxva, daekontaqton bavSvebs, SeiZleba saeWvo iyos. Tu eWvi gawuxebT, miiReT rCeva bavSvisTvis nacnobi ufrosebisgan. marTla aucilebelia Tu ara es suraTi?

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4. yovelTvis mieciT bavSvs axsna-ganmarteba. SeecadeT, uzrunvelyoT, rom bavSvma icodes, ras akeTebT. Tqven ver iqnebiT darwmunebuli imaSi, megobrad gTvliT is Tu mtrad, amitom daiwyeT imis ganmartebiT, Tu vin xarT Tqven, ratom gindaT masTan saubari da ras gaakeTebT mopovebuli informaciiT, aseve, savaraudod, vin iqneba Tqveni auditoria. uCveneT Tqveni piradobis damadasturebeli sabuTi da auxseniT, rogor muSaobs Tqveni aRWurviloba.

5. mieciT bavSvs dro. SeiZleba Tqvens dRis wesrigSi vadebi SezRudulia, magram es arafers niSnavs travmirebuli bavSvebisTvis. rodesac es SesaZlebelia, mieciT saSualeba, kargad gagicnon, Tundac ramdenime dRis manZilze. Tqven unda SeZloT, rom misceT maT dro; Tu es ar SegiZliaT, kidev erTxel dafiqrdiT maTTan kontaqtis damyarebaze. isini ar arian iq TqvenTvis; isini Tqven giyureben rogorc ufross, romelic Cavida iq maT sanaxavad. maTi keTildReoba da sacxovrebeli pirobebi ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre maTi `istoria~ da mosalodnelia, rom isini ufro advilad gaixsnebian mas Semdeg, rac SeeCvevian Tqvens iq yofnas. yvelaze mniSvnelovania, rom realurad moisminoT maTi naTqvami da ara ubralod daiWiroT `frazebi, romelTa citirebac SeiZleba~. karg droSic ki zog bavSvs ar moswons, rodesac mas garkveuli jgufis an `tipis~ warmomadgenlad warmoaCenen. SesaZlebelia, Tqven SeZloT ganzogadeba ramdenime bavSvTan gasaubrebis Semdeg, magram SeecadeT, gaacnobieroT maTi individualuri gamocdileba, nacvlad imisa, rom eZioT krizisSi myofi bavSvebis `gamomsaxvelobiTi~ tipaJi da istoriebi.

6. SeamowmeT informacia, rodesac ki aris amis saSualeba. bavSvebi SeiZleba gasaocari da mimzidveli mowmeebi aRmoCndnen, magram maTi gamoucdeloba da mwiri leqsikoni SeiZleba gaugebrobis sababi gaxdes. SeiZleba maT Zalian moindomon, rom gasiamovnon da mogiyvnen imas, ris gagonebac Tqven gindaT, da ara imas, rac TviTon ician. travmirebuli bavSvis mier moyolil istoriebSi misi grZnobebi da SiSebi SeiZleba realurTan SedarebiT gazviadebulad iyos aRwerili. nu daeyrdnobiT bavSvs, rogorc `myar mowmes~, sanam ar SeamowmebT faqtebs sxva mowmeebTan an im adamianebTan, visac meti informacia aqvs bavSvis ambis Sesaxeb.

7. ar gamoiwvioT cru molodini. travmirebul bavSvs SeiZleba gauCndes mcdari molodini an SiSi, rodesac ucxo adamiani gansakuTrebul interess iCens mis mimarT. arasdros SeecadoT qrTamiT an pirferobiT maT dayoliebas da arasdros misceT cru dapirebebi, ramdenadac ar unda gindodeT maT mimarT TanagrZnobisa da simpaTiis gamomJRavneba. bavSvebi krizisul situaciebSi kidev didxans rCebian, mas Semdeg, rac media dakargavs interess maTi ambebis mimarT, xolo Seusrulebeli dapirebebi kidev ufro met zians ayenebs maT ndobas adamianebis mimarT. calkeuli bavSvebis an ojaxebis gamorCevam maTTan gansakuTrebuli urTierTobiT SeiZleba warmoSvas problemebi Tqveni wasvlis Semdeg.

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Tu daxmareba gsurT, SeuTanxmdiT kolegebs garkveuli gzebis Sesaxeb, rom gauziaroT Tqveni resursebi didi moculobis jgufebs – SesaZlebelia, saimedo adgilobrivi saagentos saSualebiT. 8. daamyareT kavSirebi. Tu Tqven unda gadmosceT bavSvis istoria, rodesac es SesaZlebeli iqneba, SeecadeT, uzrunvelyoT am bavSvTan xelaxali dakavSirebis SesaZlebloba, magaliTad, konkretuli adamianis saSualebiT humanitaruli daxmarebis saagentoSi. es mniSvnelovania ara mxolod Semdgomi kontrolis mizniT, aramed im SemTxvevisTvisac, Tu Tqveni istoria gamoiwvevs sapasuxo gamoxmaurebas, romelic SeiZleba mniSvnelovani iyos bavSvisTvis (magaliTad, qveynis gareT mcxovrebi naTesavebisgan).

9. iyaviT dadebiTze orientirebuli. nu SegeSindebaT, Riad isaubroT miwisZvraze/Setakebaze/mgzavrobaze, romelic gadaitanes bavSvebma, magram SeecadeT, Zalian Rrmad ar CaeZioT piradul sakiTxebSi. isini mixvdebian, Tu Tqven cdilobT, Tavi aaridoT Temas. airCieT imedismomcemi istoriebi da ara iseTebi, romlebic sasowarkveTilebaSi agdebs – istoriebi piradi gamZleobisa da gmirobis Sesaxeb. yvelaze cud viTarebaSic ki SeiZleba iyos sixarulisa da sicilis momentebi, romlebic xazs usvams Cvens erTian adamianur bunebas. bavSvebs aqvT swrafi sulieri reabilitaciis araCveulebrivi unari da ubralod dadebiTi ambebis moyola SeiZleba nugeSad iqces, rodesac irgvliv yovelive muq ferebSi Cans.

10. mieciT bavSvs saSualeba, ufro meti ilaparakos, vidre imoqmedos. bavSvebi yvelaze kargad `muSaoben~ TavianT TanatolebTan erTad, amitom maTTan kavSiris damyarebis erT-erTi saukeTeso gzaa jgufuri muSaoba. hkiTxeT, SegiZliaT Tu ara daeswroT an SeuerTdeT maT TamaSebs. mieciT saSualeba, agixsnan TamaSis principi, xolo mas Semdeg, rac interess gamoiCenT, maT SeiZleba xmaurianad moiTxovon erTmaneTis Sesaxeb moyola. Tu isini miwaze sxedan, Tqvenc SeuerTdiT. Tu isini Tqveni Camweri mowyobilobebiT dainteresdnen, mieciT ufleba, rom mosinjon – Seexon da gamoiyenon kidevac. yvelaze mniSvnelovania, rom Tqven gekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba _ ar gamoiwvioT maTi xelaxali travmireba. rodesac isini mohyvebian Tavis istoriebs, nu CaeZiebiT detalebs, Tu gamoxataven, rom es ar surT. rogorc ar unda gWirdebodeT es angariSisTvis, mieciT Tavisufleba, nacvlad imisa, rom emociuri damcireba gamoiwvioT. gaSordiT, rodesac dainaxavT, rom bavSvi Caiketa, moiwyina an zedmetad aJitirebulia da darwmundiT, rom pasuxismgebeli ufrosi saqmis kursSia momxdarTan dakavSirebiT.

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damatebiTi literatura da resursebi `hiuman raits uoC~: www.hrw.org `uorCaild~: www.warchild.org.uk `uoClist~: http://www.watchlist.org/ koalicia jariskaci bavSvebis gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdegod: http://www.child-soldiers.org/ `iunisefi~ – bavSvebi SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi: http://www.unicef.org/emerg/index_chilsoldiers.html gaeros generaluri mdivnis specialuri warmomadgenlis ofisi bavSvebisa da SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebisaTvis: http://www.un.org/children/conflict/english/home6.html T.j. rideli, `omi rCeba ucvlel realobad CrdiloeT ugandelebis cxovrebaSi~: www.law.utoronto.ca/documents/ihrp/report05_Riddell.doc alertnet: rCevebis furceli – `rogor gavakeToT reportaJi krizisSi myof bavSvebze~ http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/115254539757.htm alertnet: `bavSvebi itanjebian mediis mzeris miRma~ - kvleva http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/115254878772.htm

7. sityvis Tavisufleba bavSvebs da bavSvebze orientirebuli media ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi  bavSvebisTvis mediis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa  rogor uzrunvelvyoT bavSvis ufleba, gamoTqvas sakuTari mosazreba mediaSi  sabavSvo media gaumjobesebuli teqnologiebisa da uaxlesi progresis meSveobiT mediis gamoyeneba gasul aTwleulSi sagrZnoblad gaizarda, vinaidan is aZlevs adamianebs ukeTes SesaZleblobas, miiRon informacia da aimaRlon codna. aseTi winsvla aZlevs bavSvebsa da axalgazrdebs mediasa da, aqedan gamomdinare, zogadad sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi ufro metad CarTvis saSualebas, informirebis, mxardaWerisa da TavianT Tanatolebsa da aseve ufrosebze zegavlenis moxdenis TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad winsvlis aseTi SesaZleblobebisa, mediis garkveuli saSualebebi eqspluatacias uweven bavSvebs da bavSvebisa da maTi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb stereotipul cnobebs gadmoscemen. bavSvebis monawileobiT medias SeuZlia axali perspeqtivebis SeTavazeba. seriozuli argumentebi arsebobs imisaTvis, rom gaizardos bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi.

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bavSvebisa da mediis urTierTobis mniSvneloba aRiarebulia bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Semdegi muxlebiT:  me-12 muxli, romelic gansazRvravs wevri saxelmwifoebis rols _ uzrunvelyon bavSvebis ufleba, Tavisuflad gamoTqvan TavianTi azri yvela im sakiTxze, romelic maT Seexeba, da rom maTi azri mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli;  me-13 muxli, romelic gansazRvravs bavSvis uflebas mediaSi sityvis Tavisuflebaze, misi arCevanis mixedviT;  me-17 muxli, romelic acxadebs, rom wevri saxelmwifoebi pasuxismgebelni arian, uzrunvelyon bavSvebisaTvis informaciis misawvdomoba sxvadasxva erovnuli Tu saerTaSoriso sainformacio wyaroebidan. masmediisaTvis es niSnavs bavSvisTvis sasargeblo socialuri da kulturuli saxis informaciis gamoqveynebas. medias didi potenciali aqvs, rom realobad aqcios bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis principebi da standartebi, mas SeuZlia realurad daicvas da ganaxorcielos bavSvTa uflebebi saTanado informaciis miRebasa da sityvis Tavisuflebaze, aamaRlos konvenciisa da misi Sinaarsis Sesaxeb informirebulobis done da centraluri rolis Seasrulos misi ganxorcielebis monitoringSi. da mainc, miuxedavad imisa, rom msoflios mosaxleobis erTi mesamedi 18 wlamde asakisaa, bavSvebis azri da mdgomareoba iSviaTad aisaxeba mediaSi koreqtulad. rogorc gamokvlevam (mediis kvlevis proeqti 2004) aCvena, bavSvebi, Cveulebriv, seriozulad Semcirebuli raodenobiT arian warmodgenilni mediaSi. rogorc erT-erTma bavSvma aRniSna mediamonitoringis RonisZiebis dros: `axali ambebis dros Tavi gamotovebulad vigrZeni. TiTqos bavSvebi ar arsebobdnen“. rodesac bavSvebis istoriebi xvdeba mTavari Temebis saTaurebSi, rogorc wesi, es ar aris maTi cxovrebisTvis aqtualur sakiTxebze, Temebi moicavs mxolod dramatul da eqstremalur SemTxvevebs. realurad, mediis mier bavSvebis gaSuqebis didi wili negatiuria. ras fiqroben bavSvebi, rodesac maT eZlevaT saSualeba, monawileoba miiRon mediaSi? bavSvTa uflebebis damcvelma arasamTavrobo organizacia `plen interneiSenalma“ dausva SekiTxva patara Jurnalistebis jgufs, Tu ratom aris maTi monawileoba mediaSi mniSvnelovani. maT aseTi pasuxebi gasces:  es aZlevs maT SesaZleblobas, gaecnon TavianT uflebebsa da movaleobebs da uzrunvelyofs maT saTanadod warmodgenas;  es aZlevs maT saSualebas, isargeblon monawileobisa da azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis TavianTi uflebebiT da uzrunvelyofs maTi prioritetebisa da problemebis saTanadod gaSuqebas;  es aZlevs maT xmis uflebas, romliTac isini gaacnoben mSoblebs, sazogadoebasa da mTavrobas TavianT uflebebs da mosTxoven maT dacvas;

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 es aerTianebs bavSvebs da warmoadgens saSualebas, romliTac maT SeuZliaT, TavianT Tanatolebs mouTxron maT cxovrebaSi momxdari movlenebis Sesaxeb;  es exmareba bavSvebs, Seexon delikatur sakiTxebs SiSisa da dasjis gareSe, eZion daxmareba da iswavlon prevenciuli strategiebi (magaliTad, rogor daicvan Tavi uflebaTa iseTi darRvevisagan, rogoricaa trefikingi). bavSvebis mediaSi monawileobis xelSewyobis gamocdilebam aCvena, rom bavSvebs SeuZliaT mediasaSualebis daarseba, bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gamokvleva, gamosavali gzebis Zieba da sakuTari uflebebis damcvelis rolSi gamosvla. TandaTanobiT ufrosebi iwyeben damokidebulebis Secvlas mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobis mimarT da bavSvebis Sefasebas sazogadoebis cvlilebis xelSemwyob agentebad. bavSvebis mier msoflio masStabiT ganxorcielebuli warmatebuli mediaproeqtebis magaliTebi gviCvenebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba bavSvTa monawileobis uflebis xorcSesxma mizanmimarTulad.

bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis mediis industriaSi CarTvis mTavari xelis SemSleli faqtori aris is, rom isini SeiZleba potenciurad saxifaTo samuSao garemoSi aRmoCndnen. Tu es aris saqmiani adgili, sadac bevri xalxi, moZraoba da aRWurvilobaa, es maT gansakuTrebul safrTxeebs Seuqmnis. bunebrivma cnobismoyvareobam da im faqtma, rom aseTi adgilebi ar aris gankuTvnili zrdasruli adamianis saSualoze dabali simaRlis adamianebisTvis, SeiZleba riskis qveS daayenos bavSvebi. samuSao reJimi maRali aqtivobis mediis dawesebulebebSi ar aris bavSvisadmi keTilganwyobili; is, rac Rirebuli gamocdileba unda iyos, zedmiwevniTi momzadebis gareSe SeiZleba damabneveli da saxifaTo gaxdes yvela mxarisaTvis. xSirad ufrosebs eSiniaT, rom bavSvebma ar daazianon Zvirad Rirebuli an mgZnobiare aparatura da mowyobilobebi. zogierTi aucilebeli usafrTxoebis zoma did xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli, magram bavSvebis mimarT arsebuli safrTxeebis umravlesoba ufrosebisTvisac safrTxes warmoadgens. samuSao adgilis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa bavSvebisaTvis damatebiTi garantia iqneba imisa, rom is ufrosebisTvisac usafrTxoa. winaswari dagegmva Zalze mniSvnelovania nebismier samuSao adgilze bavSvebis usafrTxo saqmianobis uzrunvelsayofad. bevr mediainiciativaSi SemuSavebulia Sida saxelmZRvanelo principebi (wesebi), magram xSirad aseTi sakiTxebis mogvareba sagangebo reJimSi xdeba. saukeTeso praqtikul meTodebTan dakavSirebuli gamocdilebis gaziarebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli iqneba industriis normebis Camoyalibeba, danergva da gakontroleba. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime rekomendacia:

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 dauTmeT garkveuli dro bavSvebis momzadebas arasamuSao adgilze.  rodesac bavSvebi adgilze arian, gaacaniT maT, Tu ra potenciuri riskebi arsebobs da vis unda mimarTon daxmarebisTvis. darwmundiT, rom maTTvis xelmisawvdomia sufTa sveli wertilebi, saTanado zomis oTaxi dasasveneblad da gamagrilebeli sasmelebis miRebis saSualeba.  yvelaze mniSvnelovania, rom maT nebismier dros SeeZloT mimarTon daxmarebisTvis an rCevisTvis ufrosi asakis sul mcire erT adamians, romelsac icnoben.  is adamianebi, romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian bavSvebis monawileobaze, unda gaecnon jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis maregulirebel wesebs, rodesac maT bavSvebis mimarT iyeneben. maT unda uzrunvelyon, rom bavSvebsa da maT mzrunvelebs miewodoT martivi, gasagebi ganmartebebi samuSao adgilze usafrTxoebis normebis Sesaxeb da SemuSavebuli unda iqnes kontrolis martivi, bavSvebisTvis gasagebi meqanizmebi – magaliTad, avariuli situaciis dros evakuaciis savarjiSoSi maTi monawileobis uzrunvelyofiT.  isini, vinc adgilze muSaobs, informirebulni unda iyvnen, rom garkveul adgilebSi da garkveul dros SeiZleba iyvnen bavSvebi da unda mieceT saSualeba, imsjelon aqedan gamomdinare Sedegebze maTTvis da bavSvebisaTvis.  im adamianebma, vinc uSualod bavSvebTan muSaobs, unda imoqmedon detalurad ganxiluli da SeTanxmebuli saxelmZRvanelo principebis mixedviT. dasawyisisTvis sasurvelia, rom bavSvebs mieceT saSualeba, imsjelon an Tavisi SeniSvnebi gamoTqvan maTTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze; maT SeuZliaT, magaliTad, naxon sabavSvo filmebi an wignebi ufrosebisTvis gankuTvnil presaSi da mediis sxva saSualebebSi.

bavSvebTan erTad da bavSvebisTvis momzadebuli mediaprogramebis dadebiTi mxareebi mediaproeqtebis Sefasebebi cxadyofs, rom mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobas uamravi sasargeblo Sedegi moaqvs: gaumjobesebuli mediaproduqti: mediis profesionalebis sabavSvo mediaSi CarTulobis Sedegad iqmneba ara mxolod meti sabavSvo media, aramed amiT SeiZleba Seiqmnas ukeTesi xarisxis media bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad: dasavleT afrikis 100-mde radiosadgurma monawileoba miiRo proeqtSi `me bavSvi var, magram mec maqvs Cemi uflebebi!~ (romelic acnobs mSoblebs, bavSvebs da xelisuflebas maT funqciebsa da movaleobebs gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciasTan mimarTebiT). Sedegad msmenelebis daJinebuli

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moTxovnis safuZvelze gaizarda sabavSvo programebis raodenoba, gaumjobesda programebis xarisxi da procesSi ufro meti bavSvi CaerTo. aseve amaRlda informirebulobis done da codna bavSvebis uflebebis da qveyanaSi bavSvebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. cvlilebis moxdena: mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobas SeuZlia, gavlena moaxdinos politikis Semqnelebze samTavrobo doneze: indoeTSi ganxorcielebul proeqtSi `bavSvebs raRac aqvT saTqmeli~ axalgazrdebi qmnian mxatvrul da animaciur filmebs im sakiTxebis speqtrze, romlebic zemoqmedebas axdens maT cxovrebaze. erT-erTma filmma `gutkaze~ (Tambaqos, betelis Txilis da limonis saxeobis, laimis nazavi) damokidebulebis Sesaxeb moswavleebi imdenad STaagona, rom maT Seadgines peticia maT skolebTan axlomdebare maRaziebSi misi gayidvis akrZalvis moTxovniT. moswavleebma TavianTi moTxovna warudgines raionul xelmZRvanelobas, romelmac, Tavis mxriv, akrZala gutkis moxmareba raionis yvela skolaSi da wamoiwyo masobrivi sainformacio kampania moswavleebTan TanamSromlobiT. bavSvebis ganviTareba: bavSvebis monawileobas mediaSi wvlili Seaqvs maT zogad ganviTarebaSi. teqnikuri da profesiuli unarebis SeswavlasTan erTad (rogoricaa aRWurvilobis gamoyeneba da scenaris teqstis wakiTxva da interpretacia) isini iZenen sasicocxlo unar-Cvevebs, romlebic aZlevs maT ganviTarebis da sakuTari azris ufro efeqtianad gamoTqmis SesaZleblobas problemebis gadaWris, komunikaciis, TviTgamoxatvisa da molaparakebis warmoebis unarebis gamomuSavebiT. mediaSi monawileoba exmareba bavSvebs, gaecnon mediis funqcionirebas da informaciis moZraobas da warmoebas da met SesaZleblobebs aZlevs, miiRon saTanado informacia da gaTviTcnobierebuli gadawyvetilebebi. mediaprogramebis monitoringsa da SefasebaSi monawileobiT isini iZenen Rirebul ganaTlebas mediis sferoSi da SesaZlebloba aqvT, gaxdnen mediis yvela saxeobis kritikuli momxmareblebi. mediisTvis garkveuli komerciuli interesi arsebobs bavSvebis mozidvaSi, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom amiT yalibdeba momavali mediamomxmarebeli. bevri gazeTi axorcielebda axalgazrdebisTvis gamiznul proeqtebs, magram cota maTgani Tu izidavda bavSvebs, anda amas mxolod periferiebSi akeTebda. sabavSvo mediaSi saqmianobiT bavSvebs SeuZliaT urTierToba daamyaron da iswavlon sxva biWebisa da gogonebisgan, gaiCinon axali megobrebi da iswavlon TavianTi Tanatolebis TanagrZnoba, rac aucilebeli unaria politikuri cnobierebisa da socialuri Segnebis ganviTarebisTvis. amasTanave, mediis daxmarebiT azris gamoxatvam SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos bavSvebis fsiqosocialur reabilitacias da normalur kalapotSi Cadgomas mtkivneuli gamocdilebis Semdeg da Causaxos maT imedi.

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Sri-lankaSi aziis axalgazrdulma televiziam xeli Seuwyo bavSvebis jgufis monawileobas dokumentur filmSi, romelmac misca maT saSualeba, gamoexataT TavianTi grZnobebi 2004 wels indoeTis okeaneSi cunamis Taobaze. filmi, romelic Tavidan bolomde bavSvebis gakeTebulia, asaxavs am tragediis Sedegebs da imas, Tu rogor Secvala am movlenam maTi cxovreba. niSaki (16 wlis) ambobs, rom maT undodaT, aqcenti gaekeTebinaT imaze, Tu rogori simamaciT umklavdebian bavSvebi cxovrebiseul siZneleebs. aqtiuri moqalaqeoba: mediaproeqtebis yvela etapze axalgazrdebis CarTulobas SeuZlia ganaviTaros maTi, rogorc aqtiuri moqalaqeebisa da damcvelebis, potenciali. bavSvebs SeuZliaT, imis kargi macneebi iyvnen, Tu ra gavlenas axdens uflebebis darRveva maT cxovrebaze, xolo mediaSi monawileobas SeuZlia misces maT SesaZlebloba, Tavad moiTxovon cvlileba. gamocdileba exmareba maT, efeqtianad gamoxaton TavianTi saTqmeli sxva forumebzec. mediaSi monawileobis Sedegad bavSvebi Tavs dafasebulad grZnoben da sakuTari Tavis rwmena ematebaT. es aris sakuTari niWis aRmoCenisa da ufrosebisa da Tanatolebisgan aRiarebis Sedegi. sazogadoebisaTvis sargeblobis motanis grZnobasac SeuZlia waaxalisos bavSvebi, aqtiurad iRvawon sxva sferoebSic da Tavis Tavze aiRon axali funqciebi da valdebulebebi.

globaluri konteqsti bavSvebisa da mediis Temaze gamarTul ramdenime globalur Sexvedraze aRiarebul iqna am sferoSi bavSvebis monawileobis mniSvneloba. es Sexvedrebia:  bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis mier gamarTuli zogadi diskusiis dRe Temaze `bavSvi da media~ (Sveicaria, 1995): `medias mniSvnelovani roli aqvs bavSvebisTvis TviTgamoxatvis SesaZleblobebis micemis TvalsazrisiT. konvenciis erT-erTi principi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom bavSvis azri unda moisminon da gaiTvaliswinon... bavSvebs unda SeeZloT ara mxolod sainformacio masalebis SeTviseba, aramed Tavad unda miiRon monawileoba mediaSi~.  `oslos gamowveva~ (norvegia, 1999): `gamowveva bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis mimarT aris is, rom moZebnon gzebi mediaSi da mediis ganviTarebaSi sakuTari aqtiuri monawileobis xelSewyobisaTvis; gamowveva mSoblebis, maswavleblebisa da mkvlevrebisadmi aris bavSvTa uflebebis aRiareba da dacva, rom maTTvis xelmisawvdomi iyos media, miiRon masSi monawileoba da gamoiyenon is winsvlis berketad~.  me-4 msoflio samiti Temaze `media bavSvebisa da mozardebisaTvis~ (brazilia, 2004), sadac ufrosebis mxridan gakeTda winadadeba, rom `xeli unda Seewyos mediaproduqcias bavSvebisa da mozardebis monawileobiT~, xolo bavSvebis mxridan gamoiTqva azri, rom `bavSvebsa da mozardebs garantirebuli unda hqondeT adgili mediaproduqtebis warmoebasa da mauwyeblobaSi~.

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 axalgazrduli mediis ganviTarebis forumi (mali, 2006): eswreboda 400 delegati 60 qveynidan msoflio masStabiT, maT Soris iseTi qveynebidan, rogoricaa albaneTi, benini, burkina faso, kameruni, ekvadori, el-salvadori, eTiopia, gana, gvinea, gvinea-bisau, haiti.  me-5 msoflio samiti Temaze `media bavSvebisaTvis~ (iohanesburgi, 2007): 1 000ze meti adamiani 90-mde qveynidan, maT Soris, sul mcire 300 adgilobrivi da ucxoeli bavSvi, Seikriba konferenciaze; gaimarTa interaqtiuli seminarebi, debatebi da diskusiebi, raTa gansazRvruliyo gzebi bavSvebisTvis mediaSi xmis uflebis misacemad. konferencia Seexo mediaSi bavSvTa warmomadgenlobis sakiTxs da imas, Tu zogadad ra wvlili Seitana mediam sazogadoebis mier bavSvebis aRqmaSi. samitze aseve ganxiluli iqna bavSvebis mier sakuTari Tavisa da problemebis warmoCenaSi monawileobis xelSewyobis variantebi da saSualebebi. debatebis centraluri Tema iyo _ rogor SeiZleba CaerTon bavSvebi sakuTari Tavisa da problemebis warmoCenisa da gadacemebis Seqmnis procesSi.

mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi da winaaRmdegobebi bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma erTxel ganacxada, rom `bavSvoba ar aris cxovrebis mosacdeli oTaxi~. miuxedavad imisa, rom msoflios mosaxleobis TiTqmis erT mesameds 18 wlamde axalgazrdebi Seadgenen, media iSviaTad warmoaCens am jgufis Sexedulebebsa Tu realur yofas. zogadad, rogorc CrdiloeT, ise samxreT naxevarsferoSi media SezRudul SesaZleblobebs aZlevs bavSvebs, rom maT isargeblon monawileobisa da maTTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze sakuTari azris gamoTqmis TavianTi uflebebiT. araadekvaturi aqcenti keTdeboda mediis yvela doneze, maT Soris mediamonitoringis sferoSi, bavSvebis mizanmimarTuli monawileobis saWiroebasTan dakavSirebiT. maT monawileobas jer ar miupyria is prioritetuli yuradReba, romelsac imsaxurebs. da rCeba rigi zogadi sirTuleebisa, romlebic unda gadailaxos, imisaTvis, rom xeli Seewyos mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobas. socialuri damokidebulebebi da winaaRmdegoba bavSvebis monawileobis mimarT media ufro xSirad kontroldeba ufrosebis mier, romelTac yovelTvis ar surT, rom daTmon TavianTi Zalaufleba da miscen bavSvebs ufleba, maT gansazRvron dRis wesrigi. meore mxriv, Tavad mSoblebs xSirad ar esmiT bavSvebis wvlilis mniSvneloba; rogorc wesi, isini fiqroben, rom mediaproeqtebi bevr dros moiTxovs da skolaSi bavSvebis demotivacias uwyobs xels. magram arsebobs imis damadasturebeli faqtebi, rom bavSvebis swavlis done xSirad umjobesdeba aseT proeqtebSi maTi monawileobis Sedegad.

SeiZleba garkveuli winaaRmdegoba arsebobdes mSoblebSi, rom TavianT Svilebs miscen bavSvTa uflebebis Seswavlis neba. bevr qveyanaSi xSirad aRiqmeba, rom

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uflebebi winaaRmdegobaSia tradiciebTan, romelTac bavSvebi ar ayeneben eWvqveS. mniSvnelovania, rom aseT damokidebulebebze reagireba moxdes informaciis miwodebisa da mediaseqtorisa da mSoblebis sensitiurobis gazrdis gziT. eTikisa da dacvis sakiTxebi mediaSi bavSvebis CarTulobis gazrdis mcdelobisas Cven aseve unda uzrunvelvyoT maTi dacva mediisgan. magaliTad, im bavSvebis gamoCena mediaSi, romlebmac Seuracxyofa an Zaladoba ganicades, xSirad SeiZleba maTi xelaxali damcirebis wyaro gaxdes, vinaidan potenciurad SesaZlebelia, bavSvs devna dauwyon, Tu misi vinaoba gaxmaurda. iseve rogorc ufrosi asakis Jurnalistebma, Jurnalistma bavSvebmac SeiZleba zogjer ver SeZlon sxva bavSvebis dacva, visTan erTadac muSaoben. komercializacia, Zaladoba, seqsualuri zewola, genderuli stereotipebi da sxva mavne zegavlenebi zRudaven bavSvebis SesaZleblobebs, rom maT monawileoba miiRon mediaSi. msoflios mraval kuTxeSi Souebisa da programebis (magaliTad, satelevizio) umravlesoba ar asaxavs bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis realur cxovrebas. mavne zegavlenebisa da uaryofiTi gamosaxulebebisgan bavSvebis dasacavad maT srulfasovani roli unda Seasrulon iseTi mediis Seqmnis procesSi, romelic gadmoscems dadebiT informacias da sanaxaobas, sadac asaxulia maTi cxovreba da ar irRveva maTi uflebebi. investiciebisa da resursebis simcire uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom mediasaSualebis gamoSvebisas bavSvebs gamoeyoT saTanado resursebi, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos misawvdomoba da xarisxi. mTel msoflioSi sabavSvo media `konkurencias~ uwevs sxva mediaproduqtebs; imisaTvis, rom is seriozulad aRiqvan da maT xma miawvdinon maqsimalurad farTo auditorias, produqtic iseTive maRali xarisxisa unda iyos. mediis profesionalebis daxmarebis gareSe bavSvebi damoukideblad ver SeZleben aseTi maRali xarisxis miRwevas.

unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis aucilebloba bavSvebma, iseve, rogorc ufrosebis umravlesobam, yovelTvis ar ician, rom ufleba aqvT, Tavisuflad gamoxaton TavianTi azri. isini xSirad morcxvebi arian da uWirT azris gamoxatva, rodesac ar arian miCveulni amis gakeTebas. mediatreningis gareSe bavSvebs SeiZleba SeeSindeT xmamaRla azris gamoTqmisa im SemTxvevaSi, Tu araswor gzavnils awodeben an ar SeuZliaT sityvebiT gamoTqvan TavianTi azrebi da grZnobebi. wera-kiTxvis armcodne, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebs da sxva socialurad izolirebul jgufebs zogjer esaWiroebaT specialistis daxmareba, rom SeZlon srulfasovnad monawileoba. media aris erT-erTi saSualeba, riTac yvelaze daucvelebs SeuZliaT, xma

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aRimaRlon. rodesac mediaprogramebi pativs scemen bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis standartebsa da principebs, maT SeuZliaT Secvalon ufrosebis damokidebuleba bavSvebis mimarT dadebiTi misabaZi magaliTebis CvenebiT; maT SeuZliaT sajarod wamoWran iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa Zaladoba, romelTa Sesaxebac Cveulebriv Znelia msjeloba da gaakritikon ufrosebis saqcieli. bavSvebis mediaSi monawileoba damokidebulia imaze, rom maT mieceT saSualeba, ilaparakon, magram amave dros hyavdeT saTanado auditoria, romelic maT mousmens. im qveynebSi, sadac teqnologia saSualebas aZlevs bavSvebs, gamoiCinon iniciativa, magaliTad, sakuTari vebgverdebis SeqmniT, amocanas warmoadgens is, rom ar moxdes bavSvebis xmebisa da problemebis gadafarva uxvi informaciis masaSi. sazogadoeba unda icnobdes bavSvebis Sexedulebebs, xolo mediam unda Seqmnas sivrce bavSvebisaTvis.

damatebiTi literatura da resursebi `plen interneiSenal~: http://www.plan-international.org/ `laparaki, monawileoba da gadawyvitilebebis miReba – bavSvis ufleba, rom mousminon~, `Plan International~, 2006 w. `bavSvebi, axalgazrdebi da media mTel msoflioSi: tendenciebisa da problemebis mimoxilva~, `intermedia~ (2004 w.) `bavSvebi mediaSi~, `plen sviden~ (2006 w.) gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti (1996 w.), `bavSvi da media~.

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8. saukeTeso Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT `me jer kidev mwams, rom, Tu Seni mizani msoflios Secvlaa, Jurnalistika yvelaze pirdapiri da swrafi moqmedebis iaraRia~ – tom stopardi ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi  bavSvebis Sesaxeb axali ambebis gaSuqebis saukeTeso praqtika  sabavSvo mediis monitoringi da Sefaseba: presa, radio, televizia

gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 10 wlisTavze gamocemuli `oslos gamowveva~ mouwodebda mediasaSualebaTa mflobelebsa da muSakebs, maswavleblebs, politikosebs da Tavad bavSvebs, gamoeZebnaT axali gzebi imisaTvis, rom masmedia gamxdariyo mTel msoflioSi bavSvebis cxovrebaze dadebiTi zegavlenis wyaro. gamowveva kerZo seqtoris, maT Soris mediasaSualebaTa mflobelebis mimarT aseTi iyo:  axali mediaproduqtebisa da teqnologiebis Seqmnisas gaiTvaliswinon bavSvTa uflebebi sxvadasxva momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobaze, monawileobaze, mediaganaTlebis miRebasa da saziano Sinaarsisgan dacvaze;  komerciuli da finansuri warmatebis Ziebisas upirveles prioritetad daisaxon bavSvis WeSmariti interesebi, raTa bavSvebi aRizardon globalur sazogadoebaSi, romelSic yvela adamiani daculi, pativcemuli da Tavisufalia. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, bevri Jurnalisti skeptikurad aris ganwyobili bavSvTa saWiroebebisaTvis (da uflebebisaTvis) esoden didi yuradRebis daTmobasTan dakavSirebiT. britaneTSi, magaliTad, yovel kviras ekonomikuri Jurnali `pres gazet~ (Press Gazette) aqveynebs istoriebs im iuridiuli sirTuleebis Sesaxeb, romlebic ukavSirdeba 18 wlamde pirebis monawileobiT sasamarTlo saqmeebis gaSuqebis mimarT arsebul SezRudvebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis gaTvaliswinebiT kanonSi Sevida cvlileba, romelic gansazRvravs, rom kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, moixadon sasjeli sazogadoebrivi yuradRebis gareSe, zogierTi amas afasebs, rogorc presis Tavisuflebis SezRudvas, Tu medias ar SeuZlia damnaSaveebis dasaxeleba.

Tumca bevri Jurnalisti iRebs Tavisi samuSaos orientirad bavSvTa interesebs.

Cven SegviZlia davasaxeloT mTel msoflioSi maTi erToblivi muSaobis magaliTebi. `Jurnalistebi bavSvebisa da qalebis uflebebis Sesaxeb~ makedoniaSi, romelic Camoyalibda 2003 wels, awyobs bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis kampaniebs mediaprezentaciebis, biuletenebisa da filmebis saSualebiT. saerTaSoriso klubi – `Jurnalistebi bavSvTa uflebebisaTvis~ – Camoayalibes meTiu makkvamma ganis Jurnalistikis institutidan da frenk asare-donkohma ganis radiosadguridan `Cois ef em” (Choice FM).

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sabavSvo axali ambebis braziliuri saagento ANDI ajildoebs bavSvebis megobar Jurnalistebs, raTa stimuli misces maT, rom Seiswavlon da gaaSuqon bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli Temebi. saagentoSi aRmoaCines, rom aseTma waxalisebam bavSvebi maTTvis ufro misawvdomi gaxada – maT Soris cixeebSic. fondi “Prix Jeunesse Foundation” aseve cdilobs, gaaumjobesos sabavSvo telegadacemebis xarisxi mTel msoflioSi qveynebs Soris informaciis urTierTgacvliTa da komunikaciis xelSewyobiT. fondi mxars uWers ideas, rom televizia ufro mimzidveli unda iyos samizne auditoriisTvis da saSualeba misces bavSvebs, dainaxon, moisminon da gamoxaton sakuTari azri da warmoaCinon TavianTi kultura, amavdroulad, xeli Seuwyos cnobierebis amaRlebas da sxva kulturebis dafasebas. fondis jildo sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rogorc yvelaze prestiJuli satelevizio prizi sabavSvo mauwyeblobaSi msoflios masStabiT. 2003 wels JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciam da samxreT afrikis JurnalistTa asociaciam Caatares ordRiani seminari keiptaunSi mediaSi bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. diskusiebi fokusirebuli iyo Jurnalistebis socialur pasuxismgeblobaze da gansakuTrebul sifrTxileze, romelic aucilebelia bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli Temebis gaSuqebisas. monawileebma xazi gausves im faqts, rom bavSvebi ar arian zrdasruli adamianebi da amitom sWirdebaT gansakuTrebuli daxmareba da dacva. magram umetes SemTxvevebSi adgili aqvs mediis mxridan bavSvebis mniSvnelovnad ugulebelyofas. Sexvedris Sedegad gamoica publikacia saxelwodebiT `swori mimarTulebis micema bavSvebisTvis – saerTaSoriso saxelmZRvanelo normebi Jurnalistebisa da mediis profesionalebisaTvis~. sxva organizaciebic gascemen jildos bavSvebze orientirebuli JurnalistikisaTvis. 2002 wels `haitim~ da panos institutma vaSingtonSi daaarses erovnuli Jurnalistikis prizi bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli saukeTeso reportaJisTvis. iniciativis Sedegad ara mxolod gaizarda bavSvebisa da maTi uflebebis Sesaxeb momzadebuli maRali xarisxis reportaJebis warmoeba, aramed man stimuli misca mediasaSualebaTa mflobelebsa da Jurnalistebs, rom meti yuradReba daeTmoT bavSvebisaTvis.

saukeTeso praqtikis magaliTebi gazeTebi

gazeTebi ganaTlebis sferoSi msoflio sagazeTo asociacia (World Association of Newspapers (WAN) globaluri organizaciaa, romelic warmoadgens 18 000 gazeTs, 71 nacionalur sagazeTo asociacias, sagazeTo aRmasrulebel organoebs 100 qveyanaSi, axali ambebis 13 saagentos da cxra regionul da msoflio masStabis presjgufs. mTel msoflioSi miRebul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT man gamosca 30 ideisgan Semdgari paketi axalgazrda mkiTxvelebis mosazidad. asociaciam gamoacxada proeqtebis

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`gazeTebi ganaTlebis sferoSi~ xuTwliani programa, romelic finansdeboda 1,74 milioni aSS dolariT umsxviles norvegiul kompania `norske skogis~ mier, romelic sagazeTo qaRaldis msoflioSi meore umsxvilesi mwarmoebeli da Jurnalis qaRaldis mesame umsxvilesi mwarmoebelia. proeqti `gazeTebi ganaTlebis sferoSi~ mizania, rom beWdviTi publikaciebis Seqmna gaxdes mTel msoflioSi yoveldRiuri saskolo cxovrebis bunebrivi nawili. axali programa koncentrirebuli iqneba balkaneTisa da aziis qveynebze da SeimuSavebs saswavlo masalebs maswavleblebisaTvis adgilobriv enebze. idea isaa, rom sagazeTo publikaciebi gamoyenebuli iyos wignierebis donis amaRlebis, zogadi codnis gafarToebis, analitikuri unarebis ganviTarebisa da sityvis Tavisuflebis, tolerantulobisa da demokratiuli faseulobebis popularizebisaTvis. evro-arabuli samezoblo: moswavleTa Jurnalebi arabeTis qveynebsa da evropaSi `iuneskos~ iniciativiT daiwyo proeqti `evro-arabuli mezobloba: moswavleebi aSeneben xidebs~ islamur samyarosTan dialogis programis farglebSi. proeqti daiwyo 2003 wlis dekemberSi. germaniaSi gamarTuli seminaris dros ganaTlebis saministroebis, sajaro organizaciebis, gamomcemlobebisa da skolebis eqspertebma daniidan, egviptidan, germaniidan, iordaniidan, libanidan, libiidan, palestinidan, kataridan, sudanidan, siriidan, tunisidan da ukrainidan safuZveli daudes Zlieri, stabiluri saskolo Jurnalebis qselis Seqmnas. proeqtis mizania evro-arabuli dialogis stimulireba axalgazrdebs Soris saskolo Jurnalebis TanamSromlobis meSveobiT. dialogi evropisa da arabeTis qveynebis moqalaqeebs Soris mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis winapirobaa mravali sxvadasxva kulturisa da religiisagan Semdgar sazogadoebaSi. evropisa da arabeTis saxelmwifoebis axalgazrdebs Soris gamocdilebis gaziareba ukiduresad mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom, rac SeiZleba male moxdes stereotipebis msxvreva da gaRrmavdes urTierTgageba. am proeqtSi monawileobis miReba Tavisuflad SeuZlia yvela tipis skolas da nebismieri asakis axalgazrdebs, romlebic dainteresebulni arian Jurnalisturi TanamSromlobiT.

kuleanis centri bavSvTa uflebebisTvis kuleanis centri bavSvTa uflebebisTvis mvanzaSi (tanzania) mediasa da Jurnalistikas seriozul mokavSireebad ganixilavs. axalgazrdebi Seadgenen mvanzis 800 000-iani mosaxleobis naxevars. maT Soris bevria quCis bavSvebi. mas Semdeg, rac 1992 wels centri daarsda, quCis bavSvebma daiwyes TavianTi azrebis gamoqveyneba kedlis gazeTebSi, romlebsac mTel qalaqSi akravdnen. dRes plakati-Jurnali `mambo leo~ (Mambo Leo) yvela skolis kedlebze qveyndeba. kuleanam mimarTa regionuli gazeTebis gamomcemlebs Semdegi mowodebiT: `es Tqveni Svilebi arian: ris gakeTebas apirebT am situaciis gamosasworeblad?~

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Tavdapirvelad quCis bavSvebis Sesaxeb reportaJebi sensaciuri iyo. mas Semdeg, rac media ufro Tavdajerebuli gaxda, man daiwyo gamomwvevi mizezebis Zieba da pirvel rigSi im pirobebis gamokvleva, ramac aiZula soflad mcxovrebi bavSvebi gasuliyvnen quCaSi. adgilobrivma radiosadgurebma gamoyves 15-wuTiani saeTero dro quCis bavSvebisaTvis da daaweses prizebi konkursSi gamarjvebulebisTvis. regularuli statiebi gamoCnda inglisurad da suahilize gamocemul gazeTebSi. centri TanamSromlobda tanzaniis qalTa mediaasociaciasTan bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis ukeT gaSuqebisaTvis. radio

SedarebiT iafi, advilad xelmisawvdomi da mobiluri, radio yvelaze mdgradi da qmediTi mediasaSualeba aRmoCnda yvelaze arakeTilmosurne socialur pirobebSic ki. afrikaSi aTasobiT radiosadguria, didi da patara, sadac is yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakomunikacio sistemad rCeba. axalgazrdebma ostaturad SeZles radioteqnologiebis TavianTi miznebisTvis morgeba, isini radiotalRebs `piratuli radios~ meSveobiT euflebodnen, xSirad imisaTvis, rom maT musikalur gemovnebas miscemoda masobrivi moTxovnis dakmayofilebis saSualeba. maT SemoqmedebiT energias SeuZlia Zlieri zegavlena moaxdinos ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis mauwyeblebze. `me bavSvi var, magram mec maqvs Cemi uflebebi~ `me bavSvi var, magram mec maqvs Cemi uflebebi!~ – aris radiogadacema, romelsac qmnian bavSvebi. igi dasavleT afrikis teritoriaze gadaicema. is pirvelad gavida eTerSi 1998 wels da atyobinebda mSoblebs, bavSvebs da xelisuflebas maTi pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb, rom pativi unda scen bavSvTa uflebebs. proeqtis mizania bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis propagandireba radiotalRebis meSveobiT. radioproeqti gadaicema burkina fasoSi, gvineaSi, togoSi, maliSi, senegalSi, gvinea-bisausa da beninSi. 10-mde radiosadguri TiToeul qveyanaSi (romelTa Sorisaa sazogadoebrivi, kerZo, soflisa da Temis radiosadgurebi) eTerSi uSvebs ama Tu im qveynis unikaluri kulturis Sesabamisad adaptirebul programas. istoriebi mogviTxrobs bavSvebis uflebaze, iaron skolaSi, isargeblon sufTa wyliT, gaizardon janmrTelebi da daculni iyvnen eqspluataciisgan. istoriebSi CarTulia uamravi komediuri msaxiobi da bavSvi (daaxloebiT 600 bavSvi da axalgazrda 6-dan 18 wlamde). bavSvebis monawileoba proeqtis umTavres nawils warmoadgens. isini monawileoben uSualod gadacemis Seqmnis procesSi, interviuebsa da debatebSi, radiokonkursebSi, gzavnian leqsebs, werilebsa da naxatebs. proeqti `me bavSvi var, magram mec maqvs Cemi uflebebi!~ scildeba radiokampaniis farglebs. Teatrisa da skolis RonisZiebebi proeqtis Semadgeneli nawilia. saagitacio proeqti bevrad aWarbebs mis dagegmil uSualo amocanebs da Tavdapirvel sazRvrebs. Sous Seqmnasa da mauwyeblobaSi CarTulia asobiT bavSvi,

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xolo mis farglebSi gamarTul konkursebsa da sajaro CawerebSi monawileoba kidev mraval aTas bavSvs miuRia. ambebis Txroba da saganmanaTleblo drama qmediTi da popularuli saSualebebi aRmoCnda bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb informirebulobis donis asamaRleblad. bavSvebs SeuZliaT, pirdapir TavianT cxovrebas daukavSiron istoriebi. gzavnilebi gambedaobas aZlevs bavSvebs, moiTxovon daxmareba ufrosebisgan da moZebnon TavianTi problemebis gadaWris gzebi. isini iZenen codnas, romelsac gadascemen TavianT ojaxebsa da megobrebs, rodesac uyvebian gagonilis Sesaxeb. rodesac bavSvebi usmenen, rogor saubroben sxvebi radioSi, es stimuls aZlevs maT, rom Tavadac miiRon monawileoba an ipovon sxva gza, rom maTi xmebi gaigonon.

msoflio radioforumi msoflio radioforumi eZRvneba maRali xarisxis mauwyeblobis xelSewyobas bavSvebisaTvis da maT mier. 2001 wlis martSi saberZneTSi, salonikSi, gamarTul mesame msoflio samitze `media bavSvebisaTvis~ daarsebuli forumis mizania, radios meSveobiT daicvas bavSvTa uflebebi da maT sazogadoebaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis statusi. masSi Sedis proeqtebi da kerZo kompaniebi yvela kontinentidan, gansakuTrebiT ki afrikidan. televizia

savaraudod, televizias mTel msoflioSi 15 wlamde asakis daaxloebiT 1.8 miliardi mayurebeli hyavs. maTgan 190 milioni cxovrobs umdidres regionebSi, xolo 1,6 miliardi _ ganviTarebad samyaroSi. TiTqmis 142 satelituri da sakabelo satelevizio arxi gamiznulia 15 wlamde adamianebisaTvis xuT kontinentze. am arxebidan 88 evropaSia. sazogadoebriv mauwyeblebs mTel msoflioSi akisriaT valdebuleba, Seqmnan programebi bavSvebisaTvis, romlebic iqneba SemecnebiTi, gasarTobi da saganmanaTleblo, Tumca programebis xarisxi da raodenoba mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba.

britanuli programebi axalgazrdebisTvis britaneTSi `bi-bi-si~-s erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili sabavSvo satelevizio programa `blu piter~ (Blue Peter) Tavis 50 wlis iubiles 2008 wlis oqtomberSi aRniSnavs. mas Jurnalis formati aqvs da gadaicema bavSvebis skolidan dabrunebidan cota xnis Semdeg. wlebis ganmavlobaSi mis programebze did gavlenas axdenda Tavad bavSvebis mier gamoTqmuli azrebi. is gadascems `gaakeTe Sen TviTon~ seriis xelobis Semswavlel programebs, aRniSnavs bavSvebis warmatebas sxvadasxva sferoSi, atarebs konkursebs da organizebas uwevs erovnul peticiebs bavSvebis dasaxmareblad, romlebic SedarebiT gaWirvebulad cxovroben britaneTSi da mis sazRvrebs gareT.

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programis axalgazrda wamyvanebi monawileoben saintereso gasarTob RonisZiebebSi (wyalqveSa curva/yvinTva, paraSutiT xtoma, TxilamurebiT sriali da a.S.). es RonisZiebebi awvdis bavSvebs warmodgenas im aqtivobebis Sesaxeb, romelSic maT SeiZleba moundeT monawileoba, rodesac gaizrdebian. yovelwliurad gadamRebi jgufi estumreba xolme msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxes, raTa gaaSuqos bavSvebisTvis sxva bavSvebis yofa-cxovrebis detalebi. `bi-bi-si~-ze aseve gadaicema regularuli sainformacio-analitikuri gadacema saxelwodebiT `Cildrenz niusraund~ (Children’s Newsround), romelic martivad da pirdapir gadmoscems dRis mTavar ambebs, maT Soris iseT mZime Temebze, rogorebicaa bavSvTa mimarT Zaladoba, SimSili da bunebrivi katastrofebi, gadmoscems, agreTve, bavSvebisTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso specialur reportaJebs, romlebic SeiZleba ar gavides ufrosebisTvis gankuTvnil cnobebSi. imdenad, ramdenadac ZiriTadi samauwyeblo programebi gankuTvnilia ufrosebisTvis, isini ar aris popularuli bavSvebSi. sakuTari versiis arsebobiT bavSvebs saSualeba eZlevaT, imsjelon mimdinare sakiTxebze ufrosebTan da amave dros daculi iyvnen im samwuxaro komentarebisgan, romlebic xSirad Tan axlavs ufrosebis versias. britaneTis erT-erTma komerciulma mauwyebelma, me-4 arxma, moigo prizi TineijerebisTvis Seqmnili gadacemisaTvis `Wise Up~ (`dabrZendi~), romelSic bavSvebi motivirebulni arian, rom Seadginon programa. gadacemis Temebisa da mowveuli gamomsvlelebis moZieba xdeba mayureblebs Soris da skolebSi vizitebis meSveobiT. mowveuli momxseneblebi Seadgenen gadacemis erT nawils, rodesac isini ikvleven maT cxovrebaSi wamoWril problemas. isini iReben profesionalur rCevas da daxmarebas ZiriTadad axalgazrdebisgan Semdgari gundisagan. gadacemis stili energiuli da axalgazrdulia swrafad moZravi, xelis kameriT gadaRebuli kadrebiT, magram is yuradRebiT aris damontaJebuli da gamoSvebuli im saxelmZRvanelo normebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic gansazRvrulia oficialuri maregulireblebis mier.

`mukto xobor~ (Tavisufali ambebi) bangladeSSi `mukto xobor~ aris yovelkvireuli 25-wuTiani mozardTa sainformacio gadacema, romelSic aqcenti keTdeba bavSvebze da bavSvTa uflebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. gadacemis miznebia: 1. bavSvebisTvis Tavisufali sivrcis Seqmna mediaSi; forumis Seqmna axalgazrdebisTvis, raTa gamoxaton TavianTi azri maT garSemo arsebul sakiTxebze da movlenebze, sadac maT mousmenen bavSvebi da ufrosebi yvela socialuri fenidan; 2. axalgazrda JurnalistebisTvis uflebamosilebis miniWeba maTi saswavlo momzadebiT specialur unarebSi; bevri axalgazrda mayureblisTvis uflebebisa da stimulis micema. axalgazrdebi STagonebas iReben gadacemidan, romelic kargi magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor qmediTad SeuZliaT imuSaon, rodesac SesaZlebloba eZlevaT. gadacema aseve exmareba mozardebs, aimaRlon

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TviTdajerebuloba da TviTSefaseba; 3. damatebiTi wonis miniWeba bavSvTa Sexedulebebisa da xmebisaTvis imis damtkicebiT, rom maTac SeuZliaT ideebisa da gadawyvetilebebis SeTavazeba; im tradiciuli warmodgenis Secvla, rom bavSvebma mxolod unda mousminon da bevri ar ilaparakon; 4. am gadacemis safuZvelze mediaSi bavSvTa monawileobisaTvis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis modelis damkvidreba.

saboloo produqti aris sayovelTaod orientirebulia bavSvTa uflebebze.

popularuli

gadacema,

romelic

bavSvebisadmi keTilganwyobili SerCevis procesi programaSi monawileobisaTvis uzrunvelyofs, rom moculi iyos sazogadoebis yvela seqtori. kandidaturebis mowodebisaTvis ukavSirdebian ara mxolod skolebs, aramed organizaciebs, romlebic muSaoben bavSvebTan, romlebic ver iReben ganaTlebas. gadamReb jgufSi Sedian SedarebiT privilegirebuli bavSvebi, dasaqmebuli bavSvebi da iseTebi, romelTac SeiZleba elementaruli ganaTlebac ki ar hqondeT. programis msvlelobisas bevri ram xdeba mis auditoriaSi. iyo dro, rodesac SeiniSneboda daZabuloba da uxerxuloba erTad momuSave sxvadasxva warmoSobis bavSvebs Soris, magram maT daZlies es da SesaniSnavi saqmiani urTierTobebi daamyares. programa zustad asaxavs bangladeSis sazogadoebas da, rogorc aseTi, mimzidvelia mravalgvari auditoriisaTvis, riTac warmatebas aRwevs.

bavSvTa mediacentri, yirgizeTi bavSvTa media centri muSaobs audio-vizualur da beWdviT mediaSi da misi samuSao sruldeba eqskluziurad bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis mier. proeqtis mizania bavSvebis TviTgamoxatvisTvis saTanado pirobebis Seqmna. centris wevrebi swavloben yirgizeTSi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis winaSe arsebul problemebs da akeTeben TavianTi dakvirvebebis Sefasebebs. isini avrceleben informaciasac bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Sesabamisad. mediacentris wevrebi muSaoben bevr Temaze, romlebic asaxavs axalgazrdebis problemebs, maT Soris bavSvTa dacvis, genderul da aiv/Sids-Tan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. centri uSvebs videoklipebsa da beWdviTi mediis statiebs usaxlkaro bavSvebis, SidsiT daavadebuli adamianebis da qalTa uflebebis darRvevis faqtebis Sesaxeb. proeqtis yvelaze Zlieri mxare aris is faqti, rom mis mediaproduqtebSi gamoxatuli poziciebi axalgazrdebis WeSmariti xmebia. `andi~

sabavSvo axali ambebis saagento `andi~ (ANDI) braziliaSi Camoyalibda Jurnalistebis mier, romelTac awuxebdaT quCis bavSvebis bedi. Tavdapirvelad

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isini koncentrirebuli iyvnen saskolo dawesebulebebis Seqmnaze, vinaidan ganaTleba miaCndaT siRaribis daZlevis gzad, gansakuTrebiT diqtaturis pirobebSi. Semdeg maT daiwyes mediis monitoringi da SeniSnes, rom bavSvebis Sesaxeb gadmocemuli informaciis udidesi nawili negatiuri iyo. maT gamoaqveynes sareitingo cxrilebi, sadac aCvenebdnen, Tu romeli gamocemebi iyo yvelaze Seuracxmyofelebi da mouwodebdnen ufro pozitiuri damokidebulebisaken.

TandaTanobiT masalebis tendencia Seicvala da gamomcemlebma daiwyes Sejibreba, rom ukeTesi pozicia daekavebinaT reitingSi. `andim~ daawesa erovnuli standarti saukeTeso Jurnalisturi naSromisTvis bavSvebsa da axalgazrdebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. amisaTvis saagento:  gansazRvravs da sTavazobs konkretul Temebs da awvdis maTze informacias Jurnalistebs;  avrcelebs bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis Sesaxeb mTavar ambebs, romlebic qveyndeba qveyanaSi;  akeTebs raodenobriv da Tvisebriv analizs braziliur presaSi Jurnalistebis mxridan bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisadmi gamoxatuli damokidebulebis Sesaxeb;  avrcelebs informacias sirTuleebisa da warmatebuli gamocdilebis Sesaxeb;  aRiarebs profesionalebs, romelTa saqmianoba socialurad pasuxismgebeli Jurnalistikis magaliTia;  trenings utarebs komunikaciis sferos axalgazrda profesionalebsa da studentebs.

2000 wlis martSi Seiqmna `andis qseli~, romelic dRes braziliis sxvadasxva Statis eqvsi sakomunikacio saagentosgan Sedgeba.

`erTwuTiani iuniori~ (“One Minute Junior”) `erTwuTiani iuniori~ aris konkursi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisTvis, rom Seqmnan sakuTari erTwuTiani videoklipebi da gamoxaton sakuTari Tavi mediis saSualebiT. `OneMinutesJr~ _ es aris axali kategoria erTwuTiani filmebis festivalSi, romelic imarTeba yovel noembers sandbergis institutis organizebiT qalaq amsterdamSi. is ar aris gamiznuli, rom warmoaCinos profesiuli kinoxelovneba. amis nacvlad, is stimuls aZlevs axalgazrdebs, Caataron eqsperimentebi da isargeblon im SesaZleblobebiT, romlebsac es Janri sTavazobs da moipovon aRiareba kreatiulobisa da interesebisaTvis.

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konkursSi TavianTi proeqtebis warsadgenad miwveulni arian 12-dan 20 wlamde asakis axalgazrdebi evropidan da centraluri aziidan. yovelwliurad proeqtis partniorebi irCeven sakonkurso Temebs an sakiTxebs axalgazrdebTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT. festivalis dros imarTeba yvelaze SemoqmedebiTi filmebis nakrebis Cveneba da jildoebi gadaecemaT yvelaze gamorCeul Semsruleblebs. sponsori organizaciebis (evropis kulturuli fondi, sandbergis instituti da gaeros bavSvTa fondi) warmomadgenlebisa da sami axalgazrdisgan Semdgari Jiuri akeTebs arCevans. yvela is, vinc monawileobs konkursSi, Rebulobs monawilis sertifikats. gamarjvebulebs gadascemen studentebis mier Seqmnil prizebs sandbergis institutidan da mcire finansur jildos. aqcenti keTdeba ara gamarjvebaze, aramed kreatiuli produqtis Seqmnaze, romelic stimuls miscems axalgazrdebs. yovel wels festivals aqvs TamaSismagvari elementi, romelic did diskusiebs warmoSobs auditoriaSi. axalgazrdebis mier axali cifruli mediis spontanurad da araordinarulad gamoyenebis unari adasturebs, rom maT didi wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT sazogadoebriv procesebSi. aucilebelia amis aRiareba da xelSewyoba da axalgazrdebisTvis ufro farTo tribunis micema, raTa maTma eqsperimentulma Semoqmedebam nayofi gamoiRos. axalgazrdebis mier axali cifruli mediis spontanurad da araordinarulad gamoyenebis unari adasturebs, rom maT didi wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT sazogadoebriv procesebSi. aucilebelia amis aRiareba da xelSewyoba da axalgazrdebisTvis ufro farTo tribunis micema, raTa maTma eqsperimentulma Semoqmedebam nayofi gamoiRos. Cveni eqspresi – saqarTvelo proeqti „Cveni eqspresi“ - axalgazrduli yovelkvireuli telegadacemaa (2025 wuTi), romelic 2005 wlidan mzaddeba 15-21 wlamde axalgazrdebis mier. “interniusi” proeqtSi monawile axalgazrdebs aZlevs Jurnalistur codnas da profesiul unarebs. isini sxvadasxva Teoriuli da praqtikuli treningebis ganmavlobaSi swavloben scenaris da teqstis weras, gadaRebebis dagegmvas, muSaobas kamerasTan, montaJis safuZvlebs. „interniusis“ prodiuserebi periodulad awvdian maT informacias teqnologiuri da stilisturi siaxleebis Sesaxebac. „Cveni eqspresi“ saSualebas aZlevs axalgazrdebs, isaubron im sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gavlenas axdens piradad maTi, megobrebisa Tu Tanatolebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze, aseve, gaaSuqon Temebi, romlebic centraluri arxebis eTeriT ar gadaicema. axalgazrdebi TavianTi interesebisamebr, profesionali operatorebisa da memontaJeebis daxmarebiT, iReben ara mxolod siuJetebs,

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aramed saavtoro filmebsa da Canaxatebsac. axalgazrdebis mier axalgazrdebisTvis Seqmnili videokontenti jer sazogadoebriv televiziaze, Semdeg ki telekompania „imedis“ eTeriT gadioda. programis naxva aseve SesaZlebelia Semdeg veb-misamarTze http://blog.teentv.ge;

damatebiTi literatura da resursebi msoflio sagazeTo asociacia: http://www.wan-press.info/ msoflio radioforumi: http://www.worldradioforum.org sazogadoebriv mauwyebelTa msoflio asociacia: http://www.amarc.org/ `presuaizisa~

(PressWise)

da

`media

eqSn

interneiSenalis~

(Media Action International) mier

identificirebuli bevri sxva saintereso mediaaqtivoba da kargi ideebi bavSvebis mier, bavSvebisTvis da maTTan erTad (MAGIC) gadaicema specialur vebgverdze, romelic aseve Seicavs qcevis kodeqss bavSvebTan erTad muSaobisa da maTze statiebis dawerisaTvis. aq aseve mocemulia bevri sasargeblo bmuli da informacia im mravalricxovani oficialuri deklaraciebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac gamoscemen mauwyeblebi da sxva mediasaagentoebi da romlebSic xazgasmulia, rom mediawarmoebaSi prioritetuli unda iyos bavSvis WeSmariti interesebi: www.unicef.org/magic `ANDI~: http://www.andi.org.br `presgazet~: http://www.pressgazette.co.uk `Prix Jeunesse International~: www.prixjeunesse.de `bavSvebi da media – globaluri problema~, maik jemfsoni, “The PressWise Trust”.

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