Facts and figures 2015 by Universities UK

HIGHER EDUCATION IN

FACTS AND FIGURES 2015

HIGHLIGHTS

Facts and figure 2015

18-year-olds from the areas with lowest participation in higher education in England are 61% more likely to start university now, than in 2006.

17% of research and development funding received by UK universities comes from overseas sources, the majority (68%) from within the EU.

In the first quarter of 2015, the median salary for graduates was 41% higher than for non‑graduates amongst those aged 16–64.

Over three quarters of research activity at UK universities was rated as world‑leading or internationally excellent.

27% of all academic staff employed at UK universities are from outside the UK.

For further information: Tel: +44 (0)20 7419 4111 Visit: www.universitiesuk.ac.uk Email: info@universitiesuk.ac.uk

STUDENTS 18-year-old application rates to full-time first degree study in the UK, 2006–15

Top five countries of origin for UK students, 2013–14

Provider income from non-EU domiciled students and non-EU domiciled student numbers, 2003–04 to 2013–14

Student satisfaction, 2015

Students at higher education providers in the UK by country of provider, 2012–13 to 2013–14 9

First degree qualifiers by sex, mode of study and degree class, 2013–14

Full-time and part-time higher education students by level of study at UK higher education providers, 2013–14

Qualifications awarded at UK higher education providers, 2013–14

Students by subject area at UK higher education providers 2013–14

Destinations of leavers by level of qualification 2013–14

Higher education provider students by domicile and level of study, 2013–14

Unemployment rates and median salaries in the UK by group (2015, quarter 1)

Home country of international students at UK higher education providers, 2013–14

Application rates to full-time first degree study for the most disadvantaged 18-year-olds, 2006–15 6 Entry rates to full-time first degree study for the most disadvantaged 18-year-olds, 2006–14 7 Young entry rates to full-time first degree study by UK country, 2006–13

Facts and figure 2015

Home country of European Economic Area students at UK higher education providers, 2013–14

Facts and figure 2015

FINANCE AND STAFF

RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

Expenditure on higher education as a percentage of GDP (2011) 22

Research and development funding received by UK higher education providers, 2013–14

Income and size of UK higher education providers, 2012–13 and 2013–14 23

Government-financed gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a proportion of GDP, 2007–13 29

Income of and expenditure by UK higher education providers, 2013–14 24 Academic staff by nationality and subject area, 2013–14

Academic staff in UK higher education providers by nationality and sex, 2013–14 26 Staff salaries at UK higher education providers, 2013–14 27

UK government-funded expenditure on research and development, 2003–13

Research Excellence Framework research quality profiles, 2014

Sources 32 Glossary 33 Universities UK 36

18-YEAR-OLD APPLICATION RATES TO FULL-TIME FIRST DEGREE STUDY IN THE UK, 2006â&#x20AC;&#x201C;15

Students

18-year-olds are more likely than ever to apply for university in all UK countries. This shows the proportion of 18-year-olds living in the different UK nations who apply to university.

Application rate (%)

48%

45 40

35%

32%

31%

25 20 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Year England

Northern Ireland

Wales

Scotland

2013

2014

2015

ENTRY RATES TO FULL-TIME FIRST DEGREE STUDY FOR THE MOST DISADVANTAGED 18-YEAR-OLDS, 2006â&#x20AC;&#x201C;14

Students

18-year-olds from the areas with lowest higher education participation (POLAR3 quintile 1) are more likely than ever to go to university, with those in England 61% more likely to start university now than in 2006. The gap between those from the most and least advantaged areas fell by 12% during the period. 20

18%

Entry rate (%)

17% 15

17%

5 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Year England

Northern Ireland

Wales

Scotland

2012

2013

2014

YOUNG ENTRY RATES TO FULL-TIME FIRST DEGREE STUDY BY UK COUNTRY, 2006â&#x20AC;&#x201C;13

Students

Entry rates show the proportion of the population accepted into higher education through UCAS. People aged 18 and 19 are now more likely to enter higher education than ever before in three of the four nations of the UK. 50

44% Entry rate (%)

41% 35%

30%

20 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Year England

Northern Ireland

Wales

Scotland

2012

2013

FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS BY LEVEL OF STUDY AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2013â&#x20AC;&#x201C;14

Students

Part-time students make up about a quarter of postgraduate research students, a fifth of all undergraduate students, and half of postgraduate taught students. Undergraduate 1,759,920

Postgraduate taught 427,945

Postgraduate research 111,495

Total 2,299,360 26.2%

20.9% 48.0% 26.5%

73.5% 52.0%

73.8%

79.1%

Full time

Part time

STUDENTS BY SUBJECT AREA AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS 2013â&#x20AC;&#x201C;14

350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000

in ee La ring Ph ng ys ua ic ge al s sc ie nc es Co m pu tin g Hi s to M ry ed ic in e La & Co de w m nt bi is M ne tr y as d s su co bj m ec m un ts ic at Ar io ch n ite ct M ur at e he m at ic A s Ve gr i te rin cult ur ar e y sc ie nc e

gn si

de d

En g

io at

uc Ed

ts Ar

s sc

al ol

og ic

ec bj

al th

lie

si n

Undergraduate female

Undergraduate male

Postgraduate female

Students

There is still a strong male/female split in subject choice, with 84% of those studying engineering male and 79% of those studying subjects allied to health, female.

Postgraduate male

HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDER STUDENTS BY DOMICILE AND LEVEL OF STUDY, 2013â&#x20AC;&#x201C;14

Students

13% of undergraduate students and 38% of postgraduate students are from outside the UK. 87%

Undergraduate

63%

29%

Postgraduate taught

58%

7% 29%

Postgraduate research

13% 0

500,000 UK

1,000,000

Non-EU

Note: All percentages have been calculated using the raw figures and rounded, therefore percentages may not sum precisely

1,500,000

2,000,000

HOME COUNTRY OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2013–14

North America 1.6% 27,340

EU 0.0% 125,300

6.3%

4.5% 4.5% 28.8%

South America 22.2% 5,310

19.5% 6.3%

8.1% up to 1% 1–5% 5–10% 10–20% 20–30%

1.2%

% of total non-UK domiciled students at UK HEPs % change from last year Total students 2013–14

Other Europe 4.9% 19,525

Africa 2.7% 35,095

20.2%

Rest of Asia 5.6% 84,895

4.5%

Middle East 4.3% 27,520 India -11.8% 19,750

0.6%

China 4.9% 87,895

Australasia 3.0% 2,580

Students

The number of international students in the UK increased between 2012–13 and 2013–14 by 2%. Students from China made up 20% of all international students and those from India made up 5% in 2013–14. The number of students from China increased by 4,100 whilst those from India decreased again, this time by 2,600.

HOME COUNTRY OF EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA STUDENTS AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2013–14

Students

There were 133,845 students from the EEA and Switzerland studying in UK universities in 2013–14. Iceland 0.2%

Germany 10.5%

210

14,060

Denmark 1.1%

Ireland 8.6%

2,900

France 8.6%

2,530

up to 1% 1–2% 2–4% 4–6% 6–8% 8%+

1,885

Sweden 2.4%

1,425

3,230

3,340

Liechtenstein 0.0%

Czech Rep 1.0% 1,315

Austria 1.3%

1,070

Switzerland 2.3% 3,100 Spain 4.9% 6,585

% of total EEA/Swiss domiciled students at UK HEPs in 2013–14

1,785

Italy 7.1% 9,550

Malta 0.7% 980

Croatia 0.2% 255

1,175

Latvia 1.4% 1,840

4,865

360

Luxembourg 0.8%

Estonia 0.9%

Lithuania 3.6%

Slovenia 0.3%

11,500

Portugal 1.9%

Finland 1.4%

5,220

Netherlands 2.5%

11,490

Belgium 2.2%

Norway 3.9%

Hungary 1.1% 1,465

Greece 8.0% 10,670

Poland 3.9% 5,200

Slovakia 1.0% 1,405

Romania 4.9% 6,515

Bulgaria Cyprus 4.7% 6,355 7.7%

10,295

TOP FIVE COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN FOR UK STUDENTS, 2013–14

100,000 90,000

40,000

80,000

35,000

70,000 30,000

60,000

25,000

50,000 40,000

20,000

30,000

15,000

20,000 10,000 5,000

10,000 2009–10

2010–11

2011–12

2012–13

2013–14

Year China (shown against right-hand axis)

India

Nigeria

Malaysia

United States

Students from China

Students from Malaysia, USA, Nigeria and India

50,000

Students

Students coming from China have risen by 54% over the past four years but those from India have fallen by 49% in the same period.

PROVIDER INCOME FROM NON-EU DOMICILED STUDENTS AND NON-EU DOMICILED STUDENT NUMBERS, 2003–04 TO 2013–14

350,000

4.5 4.0

300,000

3.5 250,000 3.0 200,000

2.5 2.0

150,000

1.5 100,000 1.0 50,000

0.5

0.0

–0

3 00

5 00

6 00

–0

4 00

7 00

9 00

–1

–0

8 00

0 01

–1

1 01

–1

2 01

3 01

Year Real tuition fee income from non-EU students (£ billion)

Total non-EU domiciled students

Students

Universities received £3.9 billion in tuition fees from the 310,000 international student registered at them in 2013–14. Real tuition fee income from non-EU students (£bn)

STUDENT SATISFACTION, 2015

Student satisfaction remains high, with 86% of students satisfied with their course. Students

14%

86%

The National Student Survey of final year undergraduate students found the overwhelming majority were satisfied with the quality of their course.

Satisfied

Not satisfied

FIRST DEGREE QUALIFIERS BY SEX, MODE OF STUDY AND DEGREE CLASS, 2013â&#x20AC;&#x201C;14

Students

70% of full-time female students and 65% of full-time male students got first and upper-second (2.1) degrees. Full-time female students are 53% more likely to get aÂ first or 2.1 than their part-time equivalents. Male full-time students are 36% more likely to get a first or 2.1 than their part-time equivalents. 19.3%

20.7%

50.9%

3.5% 5.6%

Full-time female

13.6%

32.3%

26.3%

13.4%

14.3%

Part-time female

19.2%

45.6%

24.5%

5.4%

Full-time male

16.3%

31.2%

27.2%

14.2%

11.2%

Part-time male

20 First

Upper second

40 Lower second

60 Third/pass

80 Unclassified

100

QUALIFICATIONS AWARDED AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2013–14

Undergraduate Mode of study

First degree

Students

56% of all qualifications awarded in 2013–14 were for undergraduate first degrees. The number of degrees awarded was 10,000 lower than in 2012–13. Postgraduate Other undergraduate

Foundation degree

Other higher degree

PGCE

Other postgraduate qualification

Doctorate

21,305

14,570

17,545

Full-time

43,440

10,435 129,350

383,630 Part-time

8,500

1,055

3,695 32,345

38,075

38,220

35,650

Total

421,850

79,090

18,935

167,425

22,360

46,915

21,240

% of total

54.2%

10.2%

2.4%

21.5%

2.9%

6.0%

2.7%

DESTINATIONS OF LEAVERS BY LEVEL OF QUALIFICATION 2013â&#x20AC;&#x201C;14

Students

Six months after graduation, 92% of postgraduates and other undergraduates, and 89% of first degree students are working or pursuing further study. 81.2%

4.9% 6.2% 4.3% 3.5%

Postgraduate

70.2%

5.5% 13.1%

6.3%

4.9%

First degree

58.2%

14.0%

19.5%

3.7% 4.6%

Other undergraduate

20 Work

Work and study

Study

Unemployed and looking for work

80 Other

100

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES AND MEDIAN SALARIES IN THE UK BY GROUP (2015, QUARTER 1)

10%

50,000

45,000

40,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000 0

0% Postgraduate

Graduate

Non-graduate

Young unemployment rate (21–30 year olds)

Unemployment rate (16–64 year olds)

Young median salary (21–30 year old)

Median salary (16–64 year olds)

Median salary (£)

Unemployment rates (%)

Students

In the first quarter of 2015 the median salary for graduates was 31% higher than for non-graduates amongst those aged 21–30, and 41% higher for those aged 16–64.

EXPENDITURE ON HIGHER EDUCATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP (2011)

Finance and Staff

In 2011 the UK spent 1.2% of GDP on higher education: a lower proportion than many countries, including the USA, the Russian Federation, and Chile. Country

Total expenditure in %

Country

Total expenditure in %

Canada

2.8 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

New Zealand

1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9

United States Republic of Korea Chile Colombia Denmark Finland Netherlands Estonia Israel Norway Sweden Argentina Australia Japan Austria France Ireland Latvia

Belgium Czech Republic Portugal Russian Federation Germany Mexico Poland Slovenia Spain Switzerland Turkey Iceland United Kingdom Hungary Italy Slovakia Brazil

INCOME AND SIZE OF UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2012–13 AND 2013–14

Less than £10m

Less than 1,000

£10–20m

1,000 to 5,000 5,000 to 10,000 Number of students

£20–50m

Income (£)

Finance and Staff

Nearly half of all UK higher education providers have an annual income of between £50 and £200 million. Less than a third had an annual income higher than £200 million.

£50–100m £100–200m £200–500m £500–1000m

10,000 to 15,000 15,000 to 20,000 20,000 to 25,000 25,000 to 30,000 30,000 to 50,000

More than £1bn

50,000 to 200,000 0

Total income 2012–13

Number of students 2012–13

Total income 2013–14

Number of students 2013–14

INCOME OF AND EXPENDITURE BY UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2013–14

Finance and Staff

In 2013–14, the highest proportion of providers’ income came from full-time UK and EU students. In total, tuition fees made up 42% of provider income. Totalincome income £30.7 Total £30.7billion billion

Totalexpenditure expenditure £29.3 Total £29.3billion billion

18%

20%

37%

55%

17% 27% 3% 13%

Funding council grants

Full-time UK and EU HE fees

Staff costs

Other operating expenses

Part-time UK and EU fees

Non-EU domicile HE fees

Depreciation

Other fees and support grants

Research grants and contracts

Interest and other finance costs

Other income

Endowment and investment income

ACADEMIC STAFF BY NATIONALITY AND SUBJECT AREA, 2013–14

46,660

50,000

Universities employed

45,000 40,000

30,255

35,000 30,000

17,560

15,065

20,000 15,000 10,000

191,000

23,695

22,470

25,000

16,240

13,040

3,870

2,335

5,000

io n at

ts ar g

uc Ed

ge pe

an s Cr

tiv

iti e UK staff

rfo

la d

al ci So an m

ie n Sc

st Hu

EU staff

s ce

ie ud

tu s es si n Bu

gi n En Non-EU staff

ch te

Ar c

ch te d

an g

rin

at m d an

ce ie n

ce ie n sc

ve t Sc

re tu ul ric

in e

al th

academics in 2013–14.

Finance and Staff

EU and international staff make up 37% of all academics employed in engineering and technology, and 35% of those employed in science and maths.

ACADEMIC STAFF IN UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS BY NATIONALITY AND SEX, 2013â&#x20AC;&#x201C;14

Finance and Staff

27% of academic staff at UK higher education providers are from outside the UK. 7% 5% 8%

33% Female UK staff Male UK staff

Female EU staff Male EU staff Female non-EU staff Male non-EU staff

40%

STAFF SALARIES AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2013–14

60,000

Percentage of employees from total

50,000

19%

22%

30,000 20,000 10,000

27%

Male non-academic

+ ,0 32 £5 7

32%

£4 2,

47 6

£5 7, 0

75 to

64 4 £3 1,

£2 3,

58 6

£3

1, 6

£4 2, 4

85 £2 3, 5 to

67 8 £1 7,

r£

17 ,6

Staff

40,000

Male academic

Female non-academic

Female academic

Finance and Staff

54% of the total higher education workforce are female. They make up 63% of those paid under £17,678. Men are 46% of the total higher education workforce. They make up 70% of those paid over £57,032.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDING RECEIVED BY UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2013–14

Research and innovation

17% of research and development funding received by UK universities comes from overseas sources, the majority (68%) from within the EU. 5%

11% 28%

Overall research and development funding has decreased by

2.3%

from 2012–13.

Research funding from international sources increased by

9.3%

in the same period.

Higher education funding councils Research councils

13%

UK-based charities UK central government UK industry, commerce and public corporations

14%

24%

EU sources International sources Other

GOVERNMENT-FINANCED GROSS DOMESTIC EXPENDITURE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AS A PROPORTION OF GDP, 2007–13

Research and innovation

The Chinese government is now spending almost the same proportion of GDP on research and development as the UK government. 1.0%

Govt-financed GERD as % of GDP

0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0%

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Year United Kingdom EU28

United States

Germany

France

OECD

Japan

Canada

Italy

China

UK GOVERNMENT-FUNDED EXPENDITURE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 2003–13

Research and innovation

UK government expenditure on research and development has been declining for the past three years and is now 12% lower than in 2010.

£9,000 £8,000 £7,000 £6,000 £5,000 £4,000 £3,000 £2,000 £1,000 £0 2003

2004

2005

2006

Government-funded GERD, £ million

2007

2008 Year

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

RESEARCH EXCELLENCE FRAMEWORK RESEARCH QUALITY PROFILES, 2014

Research and innovation

Over three quarters of research activity at UK universities was rated as world-leading (4*) or internationally excellent (3*). Within disciplinary panels this ranged from 69% to 83%.

Panel A: Life sciences

Panel B: Engineering and the physical sciences

Panel C: Social sciences

Panel D: Arts and humanities

20 % at 4*

40 % at 3*

60 % at 2*

80 % at 1*

100 Unclassified

SOURCES P.5

UCAS, 2015

P.6 UCAS, 2015 Facts and figure 2015

P.7

UCAS, 2015

P.8 UCAS, 2015

P.21 BIS (2015) Q1 Graduate Labour Statistics P.22 OECD Education at a Glance (2014) P.23 HESA (multiple years) HE Finance Plus and Students in Higher Education

P.9 HESA (multiple years) Students in Higher Education

P.24 HESA (2015) HE Finance Plus

P.10 HESA (2015) Students in Higher Education

P.26 HESA (2015) Staff in Higher Education

P.11 HESA (2015) Students in Higher Education

P.27 HESA (2015) Staff in Higher Education

P.12 HESA (2015) Students in Higher Education

P.28 HESA (2015) HE Finance Plus

P.13 HESA (2015) Students in Higher Education

P.29 OECD (2015) Main Science and Technology Indicators

P.14 HESA (2015) Students in Higher Education P.15 HESA (2015) Students in Higher Education P.16 HESA (multiple years) HE Finance Plus and Students in Higher Education, and BIS (2015) GDP deflators P.17 HEFCE (2015) NSS P.18 HESA (2015) Students in Higher Education P.19 HESA (2015) Students in Higher Education P.20 HESA (2015) DLHE

P.25 HESA (2015) Staff in Higher Education

P.30 OECD (2015) Science, Technology and R&D Statistics P.31 HEFCE (2014) All data and further information on sources can be found on our website www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/highereducation

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Facts and figure 2015

Other undergraduate Undergraduate degrees which are not first degrees: these include foundation degrees and Higher National Diplomas. POLAR3 Participation of Local Areas (POLAR) is a widening participation measure which classifies local areas or ‘wards’ into five groups, based on the proportion of 18-year-olds who enter higher education aged 18 or 19-years-old. These groups range from quintile 1 areas, with the lowest young participation (most disadvantaged), up to quintile 5 areas with the highest rates (most advantaged).

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UNIVERSITIES UK Universities UK is the representative organisation for the UK’s universities. Founded in 1918, our mission is to be the voice of universities in the UK, providing high quality leadership and support to our members to promote a successful and diverse higher education sector. With 132 members and offices in London, Cardiff (Universities Wales) and Edinburgh (Universities Scotland), we promote the strength and success of UK universities nationally and internationally. Woburn House, 20 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9HQ Tel: +44 (0)20 7419 4111 Email: info@universitiesuk.ac.uk Web: www.universitiesuk.ac.uk Twitter: @UniversitiesUK ISBN 978-1-84036-345-6 September 2015