Research to go psp

Research to Go – Production Systems Plants

A summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Table of Contents Strategies for extending the greenhouse vegetable growing season in Ontario ......................................... 0 Evaluation of rotation complexity effects on yield stability under moisture extremes using Elora and Ridgetown long-term trials ........................................................................................................................... 3 Optimizing management of Cercospora leaf spot of sugarbeet in the wake of pyraclostrobin fungicide resistance ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Improved monitoring and management of carrot rust fly and carrot weevil in vegetables grown in southern Ontario .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Integration of Cultural Weed Management Methods as a Proactive Strategy to Reduce Herbicide Resistance Risks .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Response of novel Ontario apple and pear cultivars to multiple storage technologies ............................. 13 Reducing the effects of environmental stress on spring canola in Ontario................................................ 16 Organic soybean breeding .......................................................................................................................... 18 New Potatoes to Support the Ontario Consumer, Processor and Producer ............................................. 20 Integrated Breeding and Production Systems for Novel Ornamentals for Ontario ................................... 22 Pomological and Tree Fruit Physiology Research on New Apple Cultivars for the Ontario Apple Industry .................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Yield and Quality Response of Alfafa and Canola to Sulphur Fertilizer. ..................................................... 27 Evaluation of new Vineland plum varieties in southwestern Ontario ........................................................ 29 Fate and Transport of Emerging Contaminants after Manure Application ................................................ 31 Developing High Yielding, Broadly Adapted, Non-Darkening Pinto Beans ................................................. 33 Yield/ Anti-Yield Gene Alleles in Dry Bean .................................................................................................. 35 Pyramided Anthracnose Resistance in High-Yielding Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm for Ontario Growers ......................................................................................................................................... 37 Biological Control of Fusarium and Associated Mycotoxins in Ontario Cereal Using Endophytic Microbes from Ancient Corn and Millet ..................................................................................................................... 40 Management of nematode pests of root vegetables ................................................................................ 42 Diseases threatening vegetable crops in Ontario ....................................................................................... 44 Development of New High-yielding and High-quality Soybeans with New SCN-resistant Sources for Ontario ........................................................................................................................................................ 46 Red clover non-uniformity: field assessment of drought tolerant red clover, delayed overseeding strategies, and spatial nitrogen application ............................................................................................... 48 Enhanced monitoring and management of spotted wing Drosophila, an invasive pest of soft-skinned fruit in Ontario .................................................................................................................................................... 50

Integrated Pest Management of the Swede Midge in Canola. ................................................................... 53 Genetic improvement of red clover for underseeding to wheat................................................................ 56 Purple vegetables for better health ............................................................................................................ 58

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Strategies for extending the greenhouse vegetable growing season in Ontario

Submission number

UofG2011-1225

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants season extension, greenhouse vegetables, light Barry Micallef University of Guelph 01/05/2012 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

31/05/2015

Abstract Greenhouse vegetables are the major horticultural commodity in Ontario with a farm-gate value of ~$750 million. However, for 4 months of the year low light severely affects economic production of Ontario greenhouse vegetables. Approaches to address this issue include (1) new management techniques and (2) the identification of greenhouse vegetable cultivars that show improved low light tolerance and response to supplemental lighting. Our group has shown that the poor response of greenhouse vegetables to supplemental lighting is linked to nitrate nutrition. We will improve the response of greenhouse vegetables to supplemental lighting by adapting novel management practices, including a new time-of-day fertigation technique, establishing an organic N recipe within an organic greenhouse tomato operation to reduce nitrate-associated damage common under long photoperiods, and establish the best wavelength distribution for a supplemental light source using light-emitting diodes. We will also identify existing greenhouse vegetable cultivars and germplasm that perform better under low-light conditions. These approaches will add $million/year to the Ontario economy by extending greenhouse vegetable production into the winter months. Technology transfer will be facilitated through Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, OMAFRA, and two commercial greenhouse tomato operations that collectively have a farm-gate value of $25 million per year.

Objectives Objective 1-Establish the use of (1) time-of-day nitrogen fertigation and (2) organic greenhouse tomato production to improve the response of greenhouse tomatoes and cucumbers to supplemental lighting during the winter under greenhouse conditions by reducing the accumulation of toxic nitrite levels associated with nitrate uptake.

Objective 2-Establish a light wavelength spectrum using light emitting diodes that reduces photoperiodic injury in tomato, thus improving the response of greenhouse tomatoes and cucumber to extended

0 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

photoperiods during the winter months in Ontario.

Objective 3-Assess the low light tolerance and tolerance to photoperiodic injury for existing greenhouse tomato and cucumber cultivars and other germplasm to identify cultivars and germplasm showing improved productivity during the winter months in Ontario to allow extension of the greenhouse vegetable growing season.

Objective 4-Determine if the leaf chlorosis disorder found for several greenhouse beef tomatoes grown in Ontario during the summer months is linked to nitrate uptake.

Benefits Recommendations will be generated both for novel management practices and for cultivars and germplasm that improve winter production of greenhouse vegetables in Ontario. Presently, winter production of greenhouse vegetables accounts for ~7.5% ($56 million) of total production in Ontario. Thus, even a 1% increase in greenhouse vegetable production during the winter months will add $560,000/year to the Ontario greenhouse industry and the Ontario economy. Based on preliminary experiments, we feel that a yield boost during the winter months of ~70% for greenhouse tomatoes is possible using the approaches described in this proposal combined with supplemental lighting. For each $1 million of greenhouse tomatoes presently produced during the winter months by a grower, this equates to an additional $700,000 in farmgate sales using supplemental lighting. This calculation does not incorporate the possibility of higher prices during the winter months, and thus we consider our calculation a conservative estimate. Since the greenhouse vegetable industry also generates an economic spinoff of about $3 for each $1 in farm-gate sales, the economic impact to Ontario is even greater. Other benefits include the maintenance of markets, especially for growers that produce branded products, such as Great Northern Hydroponics. The Time-ofDay fertigation technique we are developing in this proposal also has the potential to significantly reduce nitrogen requirements, since nitrogen delivery to the crop will become based on the daily rhythms in nitrate uptake exhibited by greenhouse vegetables. Stated another way, the natural daily rhythms in nitrate uptake will now be accounted for using Time-Of-Day fertigation. We also feel that performing the research at specific commercial operations is the best approach, since the recipes will probably change depending on the cultivars and environmental conditions for a specific operation. Overall, this research will improve the continuity of supply of Ontario greenhouse vegetables throughout the year.

Co-Funder List    

Great Northern Hydroponics Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada NSERC ErieView Acres Inc.

1

Team Member 1. Dr Bernard Grodzinski University of Guelph

University Researcher

2. Dr. Xiuming Hao

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Collaborating Specialist

3. Mrs. Naheed Rana

University of Guelph

Technician

Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers

Industry Collaborator

4.

Mr. Guido Van het Hof

5. Dr. Demos Leonardos University of Guelph

Post Doctorate Fellow

6. Mr. Tyler Fuhrman

University of Guelph

Graduate Student

7. Mr. Shalin Khosla

OMAFRA

Advisory

8. Dr. Mike Dixon

University of Guelph

University Researcher

9.

Collaborators

Industry Collaborator

10. Ms. Gillian Ferguson

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

Advisory

2

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Evaluation of rotation complexity effects on yield stability under moisture extremes using Elora and Ridgetown long-term trials

Submission number

UofG2013-1671

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants yield stability, WUE, rotation diversity Bill Deen University of Guelph 26/06/2014 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

31/03/2018

Abstract The use of more diversified rotations has been advocated as a solution to sustainably increase the long-term resilience and productivity of corn-soybean cropping systems. Using results from a 30-year rotation and tillage trial, we established that corn:soybean, the most common rotation in the province, is vulnerable to moisture extremes, and that addition of wheat and legumes in short corn-soybean rotations helps to maintain yields when large variations in soil moisture occur. This project seeks to further understand the plant and soil mechanisms involved in decreasing system vulnerability to low soil moisture in two long-term trials located at Elora and Ridgetown. We propose to investigate how rotation complexity in tillage and notill systems alters the amount of plant available soil water, corn and soybean ability to use water resources and the effect on yields under imposed drought stress. This research will help identify management practices instrumental to adapt Ontario’s most abundant cropping system to changes in climate and to improve productivity and water use efficiencies under an increasingly challenging environment.

Objectives Our primary research objective is to better understand plant and soil mechanisms responsible for the increase in yields and yield stability associated with more diverse corn-based crop rotation and reduced tillage in Ontario.

1. Measure the effects of cropping sequence diversification on the amount of soil water available to corn and soybean crops in tilled and no-till systems.

2. Explore differences in the ability of corn and soybean to access and uptake soil water when grown in short and more complex rotations under tilled and no-till systems.

3. Test the effects of crop rotation complexity corn and soybean yields under imposed severe drought stress under tilled and no-till systems.

3 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Our secondary objective is to maintain these trials to ensure that these “field research platforms” are available for other research objective in the future.

Benefits This project seeks to build on 30-years of past long-term research for the purpose of increasing production efficiency and reducing environmental ecosystem impact of corn soybean production in Ontario. Long-term research at Elora and Ridgetown have demonstrated the vulnerability of long-term corn soybean rotations to moisture extremes. Corn:soybean rotations in these trials are associated with reduced soil organic matter, poor soil quality, and lowest average yields. By furthering our understanding of the impact on plant water available by including winter wheat, with or without red clover, in a corn-soybean rotation, the following benefits will be realized: • Data generated from this project will assist in quantifying the value of rotation diversification in tilled and no-till systems. Future value of rotation diversification under scenarios of 1) climate change (both excess moisture and drought), 2) increased water demands from projected gains in yield potential, and 3) increased residue removal will also be better predicted.

• Quantification of the value of rotation diversity should lead producers to reduce use of simple corn:soybean rotations thereby increasing average corn and soybean yields, stabilizing corn and soybean yields when weather extremes occur, and increasing soil carbon and quality.

• Improvements in average yields, stabilization of yield, and increases in soil carbon and quality will result in increased water, nutrient and energy use efficiency of corn and soybean production. It will also reduce offsite movement of nutrients from corn and soybean fields by improving water and soil retention in the system.

In addition, the proposed project will realize the following long-term benefits related to increasing production efficiency and reducing environmental ecosystem impact of corn soybean production in Ontario: • The proposed project will also effectively maintain the long-term trials at Elora and Ridgetown for use in future research objectives.

Co-Funder List   

Grain Farmers of Ontario Canadian Foundation for Innovation Loblaw Operating Fund

4

Team Member 1. Dr. Dave Hooker University of Guelph UofG Faculty (On Campus) 2. Ralph Martin

University of Guelph UofG Faculty (On Campus)

3. Dr. Gary Parkin

University of Guelph UofG Faculty (On Campus)

4. Dr. Amelie Gaudin University of Guelph UofG Post Doc Fellow 5. Mr. Henk Wichers University of Guelph UofG Technician 6. SCOTT JAY

University of Guelph UofG Technician

7. Dr. Greg Stewart OMAFRA

OMAFRA Staff

5

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Optimizing management of Cercospora leaf spot of sugarbeet in the wake of pyraclostrobin fungicide resistance

Submission number

UofG2012-1249

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

OMAFRA - U of G Research

Production Systems Plants Forecasting, resistance, sugarbeet, Cercospora beticola Cheryl Trueman University of Guelph 01/05/2013 End Date 30/04/2016

Abstract Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by Cercospora beticola, is the most important foliar disease of sugarbeet in Ontario. The widespread occurrence of pyraclostrobin resistant C. beticola strains was confirmed in September 2012 in Ontario, indicating the loss of a key fungicide for CLS management. To manage the issue, new fungicide products and different spray programs, timings, and application methods will be evaluated without pyraclostrobin. Furthermore, the relationship among weather variables, aerobiology of C. beticola spores, and symptom development at different crop growth stages will be assessed, which will help improve fungicide application timing currently based on the BEETcast™ advisory tool. Results will help integrate information on primary inoculum with the existing BEETcast™ advisory tool, and will also provide growers with information on how to manage CLS without pyraclostrobin. Overall, the project will provide best management practices for CLS management, which will help to maximize sugar yield and minimize sugar impurities.

Objectives 1. Assess the impact of pre-season weather variables on activity of C. beticola primary inoculum (spores) and determine the relationship between spore activity, symptom development, crop growth stage, and disease progress.

2. Evaluate the effectiveness of resistance management spray programs that include multi-site contact fungicides such as mancozeb and triazole fungicides, high and low water volumes, and different spray intervals based on BEETcast™ and fungicide labels. In addition, identify effective alternatives to strobilurin and triazole fungicides for Cercospora leaf spot management under field conditions such as chlorothalonil, cyprodinil, fludioxinil, pyrimethanil, and fluopyram.

6 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Benefits Ontario sugarbeet growers and the Michigan Sugar Company grower cooperative, of which Ontario growers are share holders, will benefit from this research by obtaining information on how to avoid yield and sugar quality losses due to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS). Over the past 5 years (2008-2012) an average of 9,671 acres of sugarbeets were grown by over 90 farmers in Ontario each year, with an annual farm gate value of over $17 million. Farm gate values have nearly tripled during this time period, from $10 million in 2008 to over $27 million in 2012.

With respect to the selected program research priorities, these benefits include: -Understanding of the spore activity of C. beticola will improve knowledge of pathogen biology and this information will be useful in monitoring and tracking this pathogen.

-Information on the impact of pre-season weather pattern in the initial inoculum of C. beticola or onset of CLS symptom will be useful for integrated management of CLS. -The current management system for Cercospora leaf spot will be enhanced and improved through the addition of information on pathogen biology (spore activity) to the BEETcast™ decision support tool.

-Information on the performance of crop protection tools will be obtained and will be useful in helping growers manage pyraclostrobin resistance.

-Information on the performance of different fungicide applications timings, programs, and application methods will increase capacity of growers to address the emerging problem of pyraclostrobin resistance in the C. beticola population, and also provide long-term strategies to delay resistance development to alternative fungicides used to manage CLS. -Developing improved and reliable management methods for Cercospora leaf spot will help improve sugar quality by preventing impurities associated with CLS. Rural communities and businesses will benefit indirectly from this research because of a more stable and robust sugarbeet production system. In addition, a graduate student and undergraduate summer students will be trained in research project, which will provide highly qualified personals (HQP) for the sugarbeet industry and the broader agricultural community.

Co-Funder List   

Ontario Sugarbeet Growers' Association MIchigan Sugar Company Weather INnovations Incorporated

7

Team Member 1. Rishi Burlakoti Weather INnovations Incorporated

Non-UofG Faculty/Research Scientist

2.

Mrs. Phyllis May

University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus

Technician

3.

Ms. Janice LeBoeuf

OMAFRA

Advisory

4.

Mr. Wayne Martin

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Ministry of Advisory Rural Affairs (OMAF and MRA)

5. Art Schaafsma University of Guelph

UofG Faculty (On Campus)

8

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Improved monitoring and management of carrot rust fly and carrot weevil in vegetables grown in southern Ontario

Submission number

UofG2013-1619

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants Listronotus orgegonensis, Psila rosea, carrots Cynthia Scott-Dupree University of Guelph 16/05/2014 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

30/04/2017

Abstract This research will focus on the development of new or modification of existing IPM strategies for carrot rust fly (CRF) (Psila rosae F.) and carrot weevil (CW) (Listronotus oregonensis (Le Conte)) on carrots in southern Ontario. Both CRF and CW are serious insects pests of carrots causing direct damage to the harvestable crop. High levels of damage occur in some years, despite monitoring and insecticide sprays. The proposed research will re-evaluate the current monitoring methods and investigate other factors that may affect damage levels, including environmental stressors, entomopathogens and natural enemies such as predators or parasites. Reduced risk insecticides will be evaluated in controlled environments and the field, and improved methods of applying the insecticides, seed treatments and in-furrow applications, will be evaluated. Current insect forecasting methods, especially degree-days to emergence, will be assessed and improved. The information will be incorporated into the existing pest management program for carrots and data on insecticides will be submitted for minor use registrations Objectives The primary objectives of this proposed research are to: 1) Determine whether a correlation exists between Day Degree Models for CRF and CW and in field trap counts in an effort to increase the effectiveness of IPM recommendations to control these insect pests; 2) Determine whether environmental stressors and natural enemies affect mortality of CRF and CW; and 3) Evaluate various plant protection products and application techniques (seed treatments and infurrow/injection) on various life stages of CRF and CW under lab and field conditions.

Benefits The results of this project will improve the sustainability of carrot production in Ontario, through reduced insect damage, resulting in higher quality carrots and reduced costs of grading. Improved monitoring and information on how microclimates in specific agroecosystems affect the amount of insect damage will allow for better prediction of the levels of damage in any year and may allow production systems to be modified

9 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

to increase natural predators and parasites or modify the environment in the field. Reduced risk insecticides will be identified to replace old and/or ineffective materials and the application methods will reduce the rates of insecticide applied, reduce the risk to non-target beneficial insects and reduce the number of applications that need to be applied.

For instance, the current recommendations for carrot weevil control involve monitoring with traps, use of day-degree models to determine when the adults begin deposing eggs, followed by one or two foliar insecticide spray applications if numbers of adults trapped exceeds the threshold. If an effective seed treatment can be identified, the amount of insecticide applied per hectare would be reduced by 95% and there would be very low exposure of non-target organisms. Furthermore, the foliar sprays are often not effective in reducing weevil damage.

Co-Funder List     

Bradford Co-op Storage Ltd. Holland Marsh Growers' Assoc.

Fresh Vegetable Growers of Ontario Engage Agro E.I. DuPont Canada Co.

Team Member 1.

Dr. Mary Ruth McDonald

University of Guelph (internal)

2. Michael Tesfaendrias University of Guelph 3.

Ms. Marion Paibomesai

UofG Research Associate

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

4. Mr. Kevin Vander Kooi University of Guelph 5.

Dr. Cynthia ScottDupree

6. Prof. Alan Taylor

UofG Faculty (On Campus)

OMAFRA Staff UofG Technician

University of Guelph

UofG Graduate Student

Collaborators

Non-UofG Faculty/Research Scientist

10

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Integration of Cultural Weed Management Methods as a Proactive Strategy to Reduce Herbicide Resistance Risks

Submission number

UofG2012-1392

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

OMAFRA - U of G Research

Production Systems Plants Herbicide resistance, prevention, canopy, soybeans Franรงois Tardif University of Guelph 01/05/2013 End Date 30/04/2016

Abstract Currently weed control in field crops relies heavily on efficient herbicides. This in turn increases selection for herbicide resistant weeds. This explains the current explosion of glyphosate resistance in weeds globally and in Ontario. As the response of the seed/agrochemical industry to this problem has severe limitations (more herbicide tolerant crops), it is necessary to develop tactics and approaches that will contribute to weed control by complementing herbicides.

There is one underused weed control mode of action that has been almost forgotten: the shade produced by a crop canopy is the best weed control. Any methods that promote a quick canopy closure will reduce dependence on herbicides.

We will conduct field experiments to quantify the "weed control value" of various cultural weed management methods such as increased plant population, night tillage, reduced row width, fertilizer placement, cover crops and seed destruction. The main question we want to answer is: what is the weed suppression effect of each of these methods and how can they be combined in order to reduce reliance on herbicides?

The ultimate goal is to come up with programs in which some of the herbicide applications will be replaced by cultural methods.

Objectives Part 1: Reducing weed seedling recruitment: 1.1: determine the impact of three cultural methods to enhance the speed of canopy closure and hence increase shading: row width, planting density and fertilizer placement

11 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

1.2: to determine the feasibility and impact of night tillage on weed seedlings recruitment 1.3: to determine whether the inclusion of cover crops into soybean production can provide added weed control suppression.

Part 2: Reducing the input of new seeds to the seed bank 2.1: evaluate the potential of using seed destruction as a way to reduce recruitment of seeds Benefits This research will benefits growers in the first place. They will receive information that will allow better weed control while preventing the likelihood of resistance. This will be in the form of best practices that can be assembled to increase shading of weeds and reduce recruitment. Seed destruction, if feasible under our conditions, will be beneficial as a resistance management tool, although it can certainly have a positive impact by reducing weed populations prior to resistance developing.

Other stakeholders will benefit from this research: crop consultants and advisors will have at their disposal a set of guidelines that will be easily applicable and will help them in setting-up weed management plans.

Society at large will also benefit from the positive impact these cultural practices will have on reducing soil erosion, improving soil quality and overall reducion of herbicide usage.

Co-Funder List    

Pioneer GFO DuPont Pioneer E. I. DuPont Canada

Team Member 1. Mr. Mike Cowbrough University of Guelph OMAF and MRA Staff 2. Mr. Peter Smith

University of Guelph Technician

3. Dr. Hugh Beckie

Collaborators

Collaborating Specialist

12

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Response of novel Ontario apple and pear cultivars to multiple storage technologies

Submission number

UofG2012-1266

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

OMAFRA - U of G Research

Production Systems Plants CA, 1-methylcyclopropene, 'Honeycrisp', 'Harovin Sundown' Gale Bozzo University of Guelph 13/05/2013 End Date 30/04/2016

Abstract Today, many pome fruit producers throughout the world utilize controlled atmosphere (CA; low oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide) in combination with low temperature storage to control fruit ripening, extend the fresh market season, and improve fruit quality. This is also achievable by pre-storage treatment with 1methylcyclopropene (MCP), a chemical ripening inhibitor. Storage life of Ontario apples and pears is limited by the increased incidence of physiological disorders. Exposure of fruit to MCP limits senescence, but may exacerbate disorders related to chilling and elevated carbon dioxide. Although there are reliable storage recommendations for traditional Ontario pome fruit cultivars (e.g. ‘Empire’), no CA storage information exists for novel Ontario apple (e.g. ‘Honeycrisp’) and pear (e.g. ‘Harovin Sundown’) germplasm. Moreover, utilizing multiple storage technologies has potential to reduce the risk of disorders. We aim to test the interaction between MCP, warmer temperatures (relative to the commercial standards for pear and apple, respectively), and CA on the incidence of physiological disorders in novel Ontario apple and pear cultivars.

This project should lead to knowledge of multiple postharvest treatments that contribute to improved product quality, strategies for reducing storage disorders, reduced energy consumption and information for improved marketing of Ontario pome fruit.

Objectives The three year project aims to determine the effect of multiple storage technologies for novel Ontario apple and pear cultivars. These strategies aim to determine whether MCP exposure (including consecutive treatments), storage temperature and/or CA may synergistically reduce/inhibit the incidence of physiological disorders of Ontario pome fruit.

Objective 1) Determine effect of multiple MCP applications in combination with alternative storage temperatures and controlled atmospheres on fruit quality, including physiological disorders (i.e. soggy breakdown and soft scald) of novel apple cultivars (‘Honeycrisp’ and 'Ambrosia').

Objective 2) Determine effect of MCP application (timing and consecutive treatments) in combination with

13 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

alternative storage temperatures and controlled atmospheres on fruit quality, including physiological disorders (i.e. senescence scald and core breakdown) of novel pear cultivars (‘AC Harrow Crisp' and 'Harovin Sundown').

Benefits Currently, about 30-50% of traditional fresh market apples (e.g. ‘McIntosh’) produced in Ontario are stored under controlled atmosphere (CA) and/or treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP). By contrast, utilization of multiple MCP treatments, alternative storage temperatures, and CA have not been explored for novel apple (e.g. ‘Ambrosia’ and ‘Honeycrisp’) and pear (e.g. ‘Harovin Sundown' and 'AC Harrow Crisp') cultivars.

Improved understanding as to when and why cultivar-specific physiological disorders develop would reduce the risk to producers of using MCP and/or CA technologies. Lower incidences (%) of disorders would reduce: the need for online sorting, a difficult and costly process because the symptoms can be hidden; and, the frequency of “surprises” upon cutting the fruit, thereby enhancing buyer and consumer satisfaction.

Moreover, the information from our research project would provide Ontario marketing boards with a release strategy for early and late season cultivars from storage. The availability of better quality fruit would help to retain more of the domestic market, and increase the availability of locally-grown fruit for the Ontario market. Similarly, these advances would increase supply for the export market. Together, our research would provide strategic information leading to better marketable yields and returns for Ontario pome fruit growers and packinghouses.

The evaluation of new pear cultivars being proposed here includes releases from the AAFC pear breeding program, which are resistant to fire blight. These may be less susceptible to postharvest storage and handling disorders and therefore replace the traditional cultivar, ‘Bartlett’, as a mainstream cultivar. Upon evaluating their susceptibility to physiological disorders (e.g. core browning) in response to MCP and/or CA storage, then our research will provide the industry with valuable information to encourage planting and planning for future marketing. Ontario producers utilizing a multiple storage strategy may benefit in terms of reduced costs associated with the daily operations of storage facilities. It is expected that a combined storage strategy at temperatures slightly higher than the norm (i.e 3 vs 0 degrees C) may allow for direct savings in energy costs associated with refrigeration and CA delivery to pome fruit on a commercial scale.

Co-Funder List   

Rohm & Haas Caanda LP/MITACS Niagara Peninsula Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association NSERC

14

Team Member 1. Barry Shelp

University of Guelph

UofG Faculty (On Campus)

2. Dr. Jennifer DeEll

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs OMAFRA Staff

3. Dr. Gordon Hoover University of Guelph

Technician

4. Ms. Carolyne Brikis University of Guelph

Graduate Student

5. Mr. Geoffrey Lum University of Guelph

Graduate Student

15

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Reducing the effects of environmental stress on spring canola in Ontario

Submission number

UofG2011-1115

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

OMAFRA - U of G Research

Production Systems Plants canola, heat-stress, seeding-rates, manure, seed-quality Hugh Earl University of Guelph 01/05/2012 End Date 30/04/2015

Abstract In northern, eastern and west-central Ontario, spring canola offers growers excellent profit potential and a good fit with existing rotations. Acreage is expanding, but the crop’s vulnerability to serious quality losses (increased free fatty acid content) under environmental stress – primarily heat stress – remains a concern.

This issue is unique to Ontario, and so solutions are not forthcoming from the major canola-producing regions of western Canada. The proposed work directly addresses this problem by incorporating a new controlled-environment heat stress pre-screening protocol into the variety testing procedures.

Recent work shows that under Ontario's relatively high-yielding conditions, modern canola hybrids can reach their full yield potential at seeding rates as low as 25% of typical rates. At such low seeding rates, the need to ensure adequate, uniform stand establishment increases. This project explores the possible benefit of manure application in achieving this. Also, we hypothesize that the plant morphological changes that result from reduced seeding rates also affect the crop's response to heat stress, and propose both field and controlled environment experiments to test these ideas. In combination, these studies will lead to altered production recommendations to further improve the stability of both yield and quality, while reducing input costs.

Objectives 1. To more efficiently identify new varieties with enhanced tolerance of heat stress, develop and test a controlled-environment pre-screening protocol that can be incorporated into the official variety testing procedures for Ontario.

2. Determine how reduced seeding rates will affect yield and quality of spring canola, and understand how changes in plant architecture and phenology at low plant populations affect tolerance of abiotic stresses (heat, drought), and response to foliar boron applications. (Tested seeding rates will include some that are well below the practical range, to be sure that complete response curves are achieved, demonstrating the true extent of the crop's morphological plasticity.)

16 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

3. Understand how spring manure application can interact with canola seeding rates to affect stand establishment, yield and grain quality parameters.

Benefits This project is focused on enhancing stress tolerance of Ontario’s spring canola crop. If successful, it will increase the efficiency with which we can identify canola varieties suitable to the Ontario growing environment, by incorporating a heat-stress tolerance pre-screening method into the established public variety trials. Also, it will determine how reduced seeding rates (and the resulting morphological changes) affect the crop’s resilience to transient episodes of heat stress and water stress. Finally, it will show definitively whether or not manure applications can increase percentage stand establishment, which would permit further reductions in seeding rates (and seed costs). The primary beneficiaries will be Ontario’s canola growers, who will continue to enjoy increasing yield stability and reduced costs of production.

Co-Funder List    

Eastern Canada Oilseeds Development Alliance / DIAP Ontario Canola Growers Association Ontario Canola Growers Association Ontario Oil and Protein Seed Crops Committee

Team Member 1. Mr. Godfrey Chu

University of Guelph

Technician

Mr. Laxhman Ramsahoi

University of Guelph

Technician

3. Ms. Li Guo

University of Guelph

Technician

4. Mr. Brian Hall

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

Advisory

5. Ms. Meagan Griffiths

University of Guelph

UofG Graduate Student

2.

17

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title Submission number Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Organic soybean breeding UofG2013-1672

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants organic, crop, production, soybean, breeding Istvan Rajcan University of Guelph 20/05/2014 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

19/05/2017

Abstract High input industrialized agriculture has been the dominant form of agriculture in Canada since its adoption in the 1940’s. One of the more popular production systems to have emerged as an alternative (or in addition) to conventional agriculture has been organic agriculture. This system has gained much popularity in niche markets such as health food stores and larger geographic regions, Europe in particular. We propose that both the conventional and organic systems play an important role in Canadian agriculture but service different markets and producer needs. The environment in an organic system is different from both the conventional and low input systems in terms of crop rotation design, pest management, fertility management, biodiversity and cultivation. Organic farming is an integrated approach which seeks to actively manage agro-ecosystems to enhance their crop production potential rather than rely on off-farm chemical inputs. Having access to appropriate crop cultivars that will perform well under organic production is a key component determining the success of the system. The main objective of this proposal is to build knowledge on how to efficiently develop through breeding new soybean cultivars for the organic growers to maximize efficiency and volume of production.

Objectives The proposed project aims to address the following four objectives: 1. To compare the effect of organic production practices with that of the conventional production system upon selection of soybean lines in the early stages (F5 and F6 generation) of a breeding program.

2. To characterize genetic differences between soybean lines selected under organic vs. conventional production system at the DNA level and develop molecular markers for organic soybean breeding.

3. To determine what current Ontario soybean cultivars, which have been selected and developed exclusively under conventional production systems, perform better under organic production. Addressing this objective will help organic growers to select better cultivars to grow and help breeders to select candidate parents for future breeding schemes.

18 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

4. To characterize the differences between the organic and conventional growing environment in terms of: crop management, soil fertility, biologically active soil organic matter fractions, soil biology and weed pressure.

Benefits Currently, there are 830 certified organic growers in Ontario of whom about 300 grow organic soybeans on 20,000- 26,000 acres per year depending on the year. The varieties they grow have not been developed for organic production but for conventional high input agricultural production instead. Therefore, there is a need to look into the factors that define the specifics of the organic farming environment and determine how they may influence selection in a soybean breeding program. Once these factors are understood, specific methods specifically tailored for breeding soybeans for organic production will be developed. This will result in development and release of new soybean varieties that are expected to perform best under organic production systems due to different plant architecture, agronomic characteristics and genetics.

Considering that a bushel of organically produced soybeans commands a price that is nearly three times greater than that of conventional soybeans ($30/bu vs. $13.50/bu), the value that will be generated by these new varieties optimized for yield under organic production is significant for the Ontario agricultural industry.

Co-Funder List 

Organic Council of Ontario

Team Member 1. Ralph Martin University of Guelph UofG Faculty (On Campus)

19

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

New Potatoes to Support the Ontario Consumer, Processor and Producer

Submission number

UofG2012-1314

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants varieties, chipping, quality, selection, evaluation J. Alan Sullivan University of Guelph 01/05/2013 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

29/04/2016

Abstract The potato industry is valued at $75 million in Ontario and new varieties are constantly required to meet changing consumer and processor demands and tastes. The chip processing industry has to import $6.0 million worth of potatoes when the previous season’s stored potato supply is finished. This study will focus on identifying superior selections for use in Ontario by consumers, growers and processors. The need for very early maturing varieties and varieties suitable for very long storage periods is paramount for the Ontario chip processors. Advanced selections from across North America will be grown in multi-location trials to assess adaptability, productivity and quality. Sucrose levels in the tuber will be related to chip quality with emphasis on selections with early maturity and low sucrose levels. Where possible pre-elite material will be used for some of our evaluations. For table stock, advanced selections will be evaluated for productivity and culinary qualities. The antioxident activity of advanced selections of coloured (ie. flesh and skin) potatoes will be measured to find a healthier potato. The starch components (amylose and amylopectin) will be measured in a group of potatoes developed by AAFC. This information will be related to digestibility and glycaemic index.

Objectives 1. Evaluate and select very early maturing potato selections for use by chip processing industry. Test frying quality at harvest. The project will identify those lines that can be harvested earlier in the season and produce a high quality potato chip.

2. Evaluate and select processing potato selections with long term storage potential. In addition to the discovery of improved varieties for Ontario, special emphasis will be placed on developing selections specifically adapted with the biochemical properties to allow a very long storage period thus reducing imports before the current season's harvest starts. Each generation selections will be advanced as possible candidates for wide area testing and use as parents in the National breeding program.

3. Identify and evaluate table stock lines for value added traits such as early maturity, coloured skin, and specialty market potential. Selections will be advanced to the next generation for testing on a larger scale.

Benefits

20 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

The intended benefits of the project are to extend the season of Ontario chipping potatoes at both ends of the chipping cycle. This will be done by identifying varieties that can be stored longer or harvested earlier. It will help the sector remain competitive by reducing import costs to processors and increasing the market share of high value chip stock to growers. This import market is valued at $6,000,000 per year. It is a win-win solution for both producers and processors in Ontario.

The tablestock industry will benefit from an extended season as well. Currently the season for imported red and yellow potatoes is extended beyond that of white varieties. This is because there are no early maturing red/specialty varieties adapted to Ontario. This import market is valued at $4,000,000 year. Increasing access to fresh local produce is beneficial to producers, retailers, and consumers in Ontario.

It is our intention to significantly expand the testing program to include earlier generation material from the National Potato Breeding program at Fredericton, NB. By testing earlier generation material, we will have the opportunity to evaluate a much broader range of genetic variation and increase the probability of finding clones adapted to Ontario. We will be able to direct the selection efforts specifically to the needs of the Ontario market. Ontario growers and processors will have a much greater selection of potential varieties available to their operations as a result of these efforts.

Information gained from these evaluations and studies will be directed to the breeding team to assist in selection of parental material and recommend selections for wider area testing.

Co-Funder List  

Ontario Potato Board Canadian Snack Food Association

Team Member 1. Vanessa Currie

University of Guelph

Technician

2. Dr. Rickey Yada

University of Guelph

Collaborating Specialist

3. Dr. Benoit Bizimungu Collaborators

Collaborating Specialist

4. Dr Reena Pinhero

University of Guelph

Technician

5. Dr. Eugenia Banks

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Collaborating Specialist

21

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Integrated Breeding and Production Systems for Novel Ornamentals for Ontario

Submission number

UofG2013-1527

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants ornamental, breeding, tissue culture, J. Alan Sullivan University of Guelph 01/04/2014 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

31/03/2017

Abstract The floriculture industry is facing increased competition from off-shore imports and Ontario growers lack a source for new and unique varieties. The current proposal seeks to solve this problem by developing integrated approaches for new variety creation. A breeding program will focus on improving nature flowering species that require less water and lower nutrients during all phases of their culture. The general species of interest are Monarda, Malva, Amsonia, Liatris and rare and endangered Ontario orchids. By integrating the testing of advanced selections into our Trial Garden system, the industry and the public can provide feedback to identify the selections with the greatest potential. During the testing phases, selections will be characterized for adaptation to different watering regimes to form recommendations for future marketing. The proposed research will develop in vitro methods for the rapid propagation of potential varieties. Bioreactors are a very rapid and efficient method of producing large numbers (1000’s) of diverse and virus-free plants in a very small space. The bioreactor systems will be optimized for each species by determining vessel characteristics, media components and environmental conditions.

Objectives 1. Develop new varieties and germplasm for the floriculture industry. Emphasis will be placed on adapting native plant species with low water and nutrient requirements for sale and use in the industry.

2. Develop integrated production systems for the introduction of novel and unique plant species, such as orchids (eg. Lady’s Slipper), that are native to Ontario.

3. Test the use of bioreactor systems for the rapid propagation of plants for use by the floriculture industry. This will involve four plant species and will focus on those that are difficult to propagate using traditional methods.

4. Develop cryopreservation methods for long term preservation of important genotypes and ecotypes to save germplasm maintenance costs.

22 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Benefits Several levels of the Ontario floriculture industry would benefit from the outcomes of this research. The industry will benefit from controlling the licensing of new varieties and collecting royalties from international sales. Ontario producers will have first opportunity of growing and marketing these new varieties providing them with a significant advantage. License holders will gain directly from sublicenses and the sale of stock plants. The benefits will reach greenhouse growers and propagators who use the tissue culture methods to produce the initial plantlets or grow these plantlets to marketable size. The use of the tissue culture system will mean that plant material can be ready for sale to coincide with release of the variety. The added benefit of tissue culture derived plants is that they are disease-free. Some of these species, such as Monarda and Lavender, are not only attractive ornamentals but are known to have medicinal properties. Having a source of true-to-type plant material is very important to the plant-based neutraceutical industry.

The low input requirements of these species will make the production very cost effective. There will be benefits to landscape contractors, urban horticulturalists and the Ontario homeowners (i.e. consumer) who will enjoy an attractive and novel plant that requires only a low level of maintenance. Our new varieties will require less water, fertilizer and care. This will be very valuable for commercial and municipal landscapes where maintenance costs can be significantly reduced. These species will be especially valuable for land reclamation and habitat restoration projects. Dr. Youbin Zheng is a team member to advice on plants that could also be used for greenroof projects. Environmentally, the new varieties will use less municipal water and reduce pollution caused by excessive nitrogen usage.

Overall the industry will welcome the advantages offered by an integrated production system for novel varieties that can be marketed locally and internationally. A unique feature of the proposal is the commercialization of endangered species such as small white Lady’s Slipper (Cypripedium candidium) which serves a dual purpose of conservation and novelty crop development.

Co-Funder List     

Landscape Ontario Gosling Foundation Harster's Greenhouses Inc Supporters of Trial Gardens URA Program U of Guelph

23

Team Member 1. Dr. Praveen Saxena University of Guelph

UofG Faculty (On Campus)

2. Mr. Rodger Tschanz University of Guelph

UofG Technician

3. Mr. Robert Nichols University of Guelph

UofG Technician

4. Ms. Emily Moeller University of Guelph

UofG Graduate Student

5. Dr. Max Jones

University of Guelph

UofG Post Doc Fellow

6. Dr. Rumen Conev

Vineland Research and Innovation Centre

Non-UofG Collaborator

7. Mr. Wayne Brown Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs OMAFRA Staff 8. Dr. Carlo Balistrieri Collaborators

Non-UofG Advisory

9. Dr. Youbin Zheng

Non-UofG Advisory

University of Guelph

24

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Pomological and Tree Fruit Physiology Research on New Apple Cultivars for the Ontario Apple Industry

Submission number

UofG2011-1019

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants Malus Pomology Technology Flowering Thinning John Cline University of Guelph 01/06/2012 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

31/05/2015

Abstract To increase profitability and compete globally, Ontario apple producers are strategically improving product prices by adopting new cultivars and enhancing quality, reducing operating cost by improving labour saving technologies such as mobile platforms and utilizing new chemical thinning strategies, and improving productivity and precocity by adopting new orchard systems in combination with new horticultural technologies.

A series of field experiments will be conducted over three year to address research priorities that align with those of the UG/OMAFRA program and the Ontario apple industry. In close collaboration with PARC, Summerland, BC the team of researchers, technicians, highly qualified personnel will ensure specific and relevant expertise is brought to bear on this project for the benefit of Ontario producers and consumers.

Deliverables will be communicated through a well developed KTT plan involving OMAFRA personnel and industry representatives, using traditional and web-based delivery systems.

This project will focus on key industry-identified problems: a) increased production efficiency through the development of high-density orchard systems that produce a greater percentage of target; b) reducing grower cost using labour saving technologies; c) develop new technologies to improve crop load management, fruit quality, and prevent pre-harvest fruit drop.

Objectives The primary objectives of this research are: 1. To provide orchardists with the germplasm and technology to produce premium quality fruit consistently, competitively, and profitably using sustainable practices.

2. To enhance our understanding of the physiological processes influencing tree growth, flowering, fruit productivity, fruit quality, and storage.

3. To improve orchard profitability through increased production and labour efficiencies

25 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Benefits Ontario’s apple producers, wider apple industry, and consumers will be the primary benefactors of this research. Having access to new knowledge, germplasm, and understanding of horticultural production techniques will allow producers to grow high quality apples in the volumes required for the Ontario produce industry. Reduced exposure to financial risk by improved production practices and efficiencies will ensure their orchards are more financially viable and able to compete globally by ensuring availability of quality product. Consumers will benefit by having greater access to local produce, new apple cultivars, improved quality products, and a wider range of value-added products.

Co-Funder List   

Ontario Apple Growers Norfolk Fruit Growers' Association Ontario Government

Team Member 1.

Ms. Deborah Norton

University of Guelph

2.

Ms. Lesslie Huffman

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural OMAFRA Staff Affairs

UofG Technician

3. Dr. Gerry Neilsen Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Non-UofG Faculty/Research Scientist

4. Ms. Kelly Ciceran

Non-UofG Collaborator

Collaborators

26

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Yield and Quality Response of Alfafa and Canola to Sulphur Fertilizer.

Submission number

UofG2012-1304

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants canola alfalfa sulphur economic rate John Lauzon University of Guelph 10/05/2013 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

10/02/2016

Abstract Crop sulphur requirements in Southern Ontario have historically been met by soil mineralization and atmospheric deposition generated primarily by industrial coal burning. However, tightening restrictions on emissions is resulting less deposition. Environment Canada data indicates deposition in southern Ontario has decreased from 33kg/ha in 1990 to 10kg/ha in 2010. There is some evidence that crop requirements are not always be met without additional sulphur fertilizer. A recent replicated experiment showed forage yields doubled and protein content increased by 39% over the control as a result of sulphur application in spring, even though tissue levels were 0.21%, just below the critical level of 0.22% (OMAFRA). The Wisconsin critical level is 0.26%. This project will expand ongoing trials in canola and alfalfa, two Ontario crops with high sulphur requirement. Additional treatments, measurements and site-years will be added to 1) allow precise determination of the critical tissue levels of sulphur and 2) determine the maximum economic rate of sulphur fertilization, and 3)determine which soil and/or crop sampling methodology provides the most accurate determination of crop sulphur status. These results will be applied to a plant analysis survey component to determine the spatial patten how widespread sulphur deficiency is in southern Ontario.

Objectives 1. Assess the validity of the current OMAFRA critical tissue levels of sulphur in alfalfa.

2. Develop tissue testing methodoloy (growth stage, plant part) that best reflects sulphur status of canola, and determine critical level.

3. Determine the maximum economic rate of sulphur fertilization in Canola and alfalfa based on soil and/or tissue test results.

3. Compare the plant responses to elemental sulphur applied in the fall to that of spring applied potassium sulphate.

4. Evaluate the sulphur soil and tissue tests to predict response to sulphur fertilization in Ontario.

27 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Benefits From the recent replicated experiment in forage, yield and quality increases from sulphur over 2 cuts was estimated to be valued at $960/ha in profit in 2012 on this highly responsive site even though tissue testing was just below the critical level. A preliminary study in canola from 2010 to 2012 found that yields improved by 9.7% (210 lb. /ac) with the use of sulphur. Economic returns were improved on average by $48/ac and in 80% of the 21 trials from 2010-2012 there was a positive return to sulphur application. The study author concluded additional needs to be done to quantify the most economic rate of sulphur fertilization in canola.

This study will allow us to determine the maximum economic rate of sulphur fertilization and give an indication of whether the current OMAFRA critical level of sulphur is accurate for alfalfa and canola. Very few growers currently consider applying sulphur fertilizer and crop response to sulphur fertilization has not been closely studied. Developing tools to assess the sulphur status of alfalfa and canola, and determining the maximum economic rate of sulphur fertilizer could dramatically increase yield and quality and therefore the economic return to Ontario growers of these crops as demonstrated by the previously mentioned alfalfa and canola studies.

Co-Funder List   

Agricultural Adaptation Council Ontario Soil and Crop Improvement Association Ontario Canola Growers Association

Team Member 1. Peter Zwart

University of Guelph

Technician

2. Mr. Brian Hall

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Collaborating Specialist

3. Dr. Bonnie Ball Coelho Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Collaborating Specialist 4. Dr. Hugh Earl

University of Guelph

University Researcher

28

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Evaluation of new Vineland plum varieties in southwestern Ontario

Submission number

UofG2013-1780

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants plum, YEP (yellow European Plum, John Zandstra University of Guelph 01/05/2014 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

28/04/2017

Abstract The plum breeding program at the University of Guelph’s Vineland Research Station has a large number of advanced selections of Japanese and European (blue) plums, many of which possess novel characteristics, including increased sweetness, extended season length, large fruit, high antioxidant levels, and improved firmness. These cultivars can provide opportunities for new markets for southwestern Ontario tree fruit producers and can be used to extend the Ontario season. In combination with Niagara production, by expanding offerings into southwestern Ontario plums could be available for 5-6 weeks in Ontario. Blue plums in particular are not grown to any extent in southwestern Ontario and these new selections could provide opportunities for the expansion of this crop. New varieties which would allow Ontario producers to diversify their product mix will present opportunities for increased returns and less dependence on existing plantings of peaches. There is tremendous opportunity to capture market share in the plum category; market data from the Ontario Tender Fruit Producers indicates that Ontario plum production represents only 16% (2011 - 2013 average) of the eastern Canada fresh market.

Objectives Evaluate tree development, yield and crop quality of new Japanese and European plum selections under southwestern Ontario production conditions.

Select and recommend plum selections with improved quality, shelf life, fruit size and extended harvest season.

Benefits The themes: Product Quality, Product Diversification, and Genetic Technologies all include the need for "newer high value ... tree fruit varieties".

The plum breeding program at the University of Guelph’s Vineland Research Station has a large number of advanced selections of Japanese and European (blue) plums, many of which possess novel characteristics,

29 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

including increased sweetness, extended season length, large fruit, high antioxidant levels, and improved firmness. Dr. Subramanian has also developed yellow European plums (which are traditionally blue) which contain similar antioxidant levels as blue plums, but lack the slightly bitter aftertaste. These cultivars can provide opportunities for new markets for southwestern Ontario tree fruit producers and can be used to extend the Ontario season. In combination with Niagara production, by expanding offerings into southwestern Ontario plums could be available for 5-6 weeks in Ontario. Blue plums in particular are not grown to any extent in southwestern Ontario and these new selections could provide opportunities for the expansion of this crop. New varieties which would allow Ontario producers to diversify their product mix will present opportunities for increased returns and less dependence on existing plantings of peaches.

The themes: Production Efficiency and Product Diversification include "import replacement".

There is tremendous opportunity to capture market share in the plum category. Data from the Ontario Tender Fruit Producers demonstrated that Ontario plum production represented only 16% (average of 2011 - 2013) of the Eastern Canada fresh market.

Co-Funder List   

Ontario Tender Fruit Delhaven Orchards Manitree Fruit Farms

Team Member 1. Ms. Kathryn Carter

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

OMAFRA Staff

2. Mr. Greg Watt

University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus

UofG Technician

University of Guelph

UofG Faculty (On Campus)

3.

Dr. Jayasankar Subramanian

30

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Fate and Transport of Emerging Contaminants after Manure Application

Submission number

UofG2012-1365

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

OMAFRA - U of G Research

Emergency Management,Production Systems Plants STEC, antibiotic resistance, anaerobic digestion Kari Dunfield University of Guelph 01/06/2013 End Date 30/04/2016

Abstract The prevalence of emerging pathogens such as non-O157 Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli in livestock manure is poorly understood. Further, the fate of these pathogens in soil and tile water after land application of manure is unknown so the threat of contamination of water used for irrigation purposes exists. This project will assess the prevalence and fate of 6 non-O157 serovars of E. coli in dairy manure, and will compare their environmental persistence from fresh or anaerobically digested manure that is land applied at 2 different field sites. The results of this study will identify the potential threat of several emerging pathogens to animal and human health and give insight into the role of the environment as a potential reservoir of infectivity. Knowledge gained can be used to institute best management practices for livestock manure management, as well as to improve emergency management plans by providing insight into the risks raised by emerging pathogens of interest. This project will add a microbial analysis of emerging pathogens to two ongoing studies examining the environmental impacts of manure application.

Objectives 1) Assess the prevalence of 6 non-O157 Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli serotypes (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145) in fresh dairy cattle manure and in manure after anaerobic digestion.

2) Compare the prevalence of emerging pathogens (Obj. 1) to traditional human pathogens (i.e. E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes) and fecal indicators. (Funded through matching California Centre for Produce Safety – no funds from OMAFRA requested).

3) Determine the persistence of the pathogens of interest in soil and tile water after land application of either fresh manure or digestate.

4) Compare the persistence and transport of pathogens (Obj 3) to transport of nutrients and greenhouse gas emissions in the same field plots receiving either fresh manure or digestate. (Funded through AGGP and Dairy Farmers of Canada - no fund from OMAFRA requested).

5) Determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance markers in raw manure, digestate, and soil/water samples after field application.

31 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Benefits This project will assess the impact of anaerobically digesting livestock manure prior to land application on the prevalence of several pathogens, which addresses the Pathway Analysis Priority in the Emergency Management theme.

1) Conduct Pathway Analyses for priority diseases a) Identification of specific emerging pathogens of interest in dairy manure is important for determining the threat level to animal and human health. This project will specifically monitor emerging pathogens such as non-O157 Shiga toxin producing E. coli serotypes. The prevalence and importance of these pathogens in manure is currently unknown. Through matching funds provided by the California Centre for Produce Safety, persistence of traditional indicators and human pathogens in soils will be analysed. This project will build off this work, by assessing the fate of non-O157 serovars applied to agricultural land and their movement into surface waters.

2) Identify and Describe Significant Transport Pathways: Land application of fresh manure may both spread and perpetuate disease cycles. Determining the fate of pathogens in manure, with and without anaerobic digestion, and after land application is important for determining the environmental impact of manure management strategies. This project will directly compare land application of fresh manure versus anaerobically digested manure in terms of pathogen spread onto agricultural soils and tile water.

Identification of emerging pathogens and understanding their fate in the environment is important for developing emergency management plans. Currently most studies on pathogens in manure address broad groups, such as fecal indicators. This project will fill a knowledge gap addressing what specific serotypes are present, their prevalence, and their fate in the environment.

This project also addresses the following Research Priority: Detection and surveillance for antibiotic resistance and pesticide resistance Another major public health threat has been identified, due to the perception that the high use of antibiotics in agricultural production has led to an increase in multiple-drug resistant pathogens in the environment. The presence of antibiotic resistance markers will be examined in manure, anaerobically digested manure, and where appropriate, all soil and water samples.

Co-Funder List 

Centre for Produce Safety

Team Member 1. Dr. Keith Warriner

University of Guelph UofG Faculty (On Campus)

2. Ms. Deanna Nemeth OMAFRA

Advisory

32

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Developing High Yielding, Broadly Adapted, NonDarkening Pinto Beans

Submission number

UofG2011-1222

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

OMAFRA - U of G Research

Production Systems Plants,Product Development and Enhancement through Value Chains dry bean, pinto, non-darkening, market Karl Peter Pauls University of Guelph 01/05/2012 End Date 30/04/2015

Abstract Pinto beans are small, squarish beans with grayish-green mottling on a creamy coloured background. They represent the largest market class of beans grown in North America, but mostly in the United States. Many of the colored bean classes darken after harvest, which discounts their market value. In a cross between a non-darkening cranberry-like germplasm (Wit-rood) and a pinto line, some lines were identified that had seeds that looked like traditional pintos but did not darken, even after they were exposed to an accelerated aging treatment with UV. The initial results indicate that the non-darkening background of Wit-rood can be successfully incorporated into pinto bean germplasm. The proposed project will focus on backcrossing the novel non-darkening germplasm developed at the University of Guelph with conventional pinto varieties and to select lines adapted to Ontario growing conditions. The results will lead to the development of nondarkening pinto varieties with enhanced marketing value. We will work with an international marketing organization, Hensall District Co-operative, to identify markets and determine the appropriate marketing strategy for these beans. Because of the recognized expertise of Ontario bean growers, our expectation is that the work will lead to the development of a new export crop for Ontario.

Objectives The objectives of the proposed research are to: 1) develop non-darkening, high yielding pinto bean varieties adapted to broad range of Ontario production conditions, 2) measure consumer preference, sensory reactions and cooking time effects of the nondarkening trait in pinto beans and, 3) identify potential markets and potential strategies for introducing non-darkening pinto beans into new markets.

33 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Benefits Because consumers associate age related darkening in pinto beans with a decrease in palatability and an increase in cooking time pinto beans with a brownish background are discounted in the market, leading to decreased profitability for bean producers and marketing agencies. The non-darkening trait identified by our research group from Wit-rood is very effective in retaining the fresh appearance of pinto beans, thus preserving their value. The aim of current research is to develop high yielding, non-darkening pinto bean varieties for Ontario producers that would give them a niche, high value crop to export to new markets, like Mexico.

Co-Funder List 

Hensall District Co-operativ

Team Member 1. Dr. Alireza Navabi

University of Guelph

Collaborating Researcher

2. Mr. Thomas Smith

University of Guelph

Technician

3. Dr. Yarmilla Reinprecht

University of Guelph

Post Doctorate Fellow

University of Guelph

UofG Graduate Student

Collaborators

Industry Collaborator

4.

Mr. undetermined contract technical undetermined contract technical

5.

34

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title Submission number Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Yield/ Anti-Yield Gene Alleles in Dry Bean UofG2013-1711

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants dry bean, yield, gene expression Karl Peter Pauls University of Guelph 01/05/2014 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

28/04/2017

Abstract Genes that increase yield with fixed resources have their effects by increasing input use efficiencies. We have discovered a gene in canola (called BnMicEmUp) that affects a number of yield related measures, including: days to flower, days to maturity, seed #/ plant and total seed weight per plant. This gene has the molecular characteristics of a bZIP transcription transcription factor and positive effects on yield are seen when its expression is inhibited or supressed. Preliminary work has shown that the same gene exists in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and that the level of expression of this gene was negatively correlated with yield in a field test of 10 bean varieties with different yield potentials. The proposed research will test the correlation between yield and the expression of this gene in a variety of bean varieties and advanced breeding materials and develop a gene based marker to rapidly test for alleles associated with high yield.

The work will benefit bean breeding programs by making them more efficient in selecting, high yielding, improved, varieties and it will directly benefit producers through an accelerated introduction of varieties with enhanced resource use efficiencies.

Objectives The research objectives are to: 1) test the correlation between yield and the expression of the BnMicEmUp homolog in materials tested in the Ontario Pulse Committee's annual variety trials and 2) perform an allele scan and develop a gene-based marker for the form associated with high yield 3) perform an yield association study with more than 100 bean varieties in different market classes (among yield/ allele state/ gene expression).

Benefits The proposed research is targeted to increasing the yield of dry beans in Ontario. Increased crop yield has a number of benefits and beneficiaries. Producers profitability increases from better yields through greater resource use efficiency. This translates into lower input costs for farmers. Higher yields would make the dry bean crop more competitive with other crops that are grown on the same acres, like soybean, corn and

35 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

wheat. More stability in the dry bean acreage in Ontario would help to develop and retain international markets for Ontario grown beans. Most of the dry bean crop is exported and is dependent on the ability of bean dealers like Hensall District Co-operative to develop international markets. The latter is dependent on the ability of the dealers to guarantee delivery of the Ontario crop to customers. This is why companies like Heinz in Great Britain are so concerned about yield improvements in Ontario bean production fields.

Increased yield also has positive environmental effects through nutrient use efficiencies that reduce runoff and contamination of groundwater.

Through the proposed research we anticipate that we will identify molecular markers for those alleles of the BnMicEmUp that are present in high yielding bean cultivars. This information will be used to develop an gene-based marker that can be utilized by bean breeding programs to accelerate the selection of high yielding varieties.

In a larger context, the work contributes to the larger efforts in agriculture to increase productivity so that we can meet the needs of a burgeoning world population. Dry bean is an excellent crop to be targeting in this effort because of its high protein content, the high level of antioxidants it contains as well as the slowly digested starches and high fibre content.

Co-Funder List  

Hensall District Co-operative Ontario Bean Growers

Team Member 1. Mr. Thomas Smith University of Guelph

Non-UofG Technician

2. Dr. Gregory Perry University of Guelph

UofG Research Associate

3. Dr. Ali Navabi

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada UofG Adjunct Faculty

36

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Pyramided Anthracnose Resistance in High-Yielding Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm for Ontario Growers

Submission number

UofG2013-1651

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

OMAFRA - U of G Research

Production Systems Plants Common Bean, Pyramided Disease Resistance Karl Peter Pauls AAFC Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center 03/11/2014 End Date 31/10/2017

Abstract Among biotic yield-limiting factors, anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), is a serious concern to producers in Ontario. This project will address the risk presented by new anthracnose races in Ontario. Monitoring of the pathogen in the province will be maintained and augmented by examining the relatedness of the anthracnose causing fungus over its geographic distribution and across years. An investigation of the anthracnose resistance genes in the breeding program will be made, particularly Co-3(3) and Co-4(2). Also, the maternal and paternal inheritance of Co-4(2) will be examined in a genetic study of four populations derived from reciprocal crosses. Truly durable anthracnose resistance will be accomplished by pyramiding anthracnose resistance genes into elite agronomic bean backgrounds representing different maturity groups and market classes. Durable anthracnose resistance will also be pyramided with resistance to other major diseases, including common bacterial blight (CBB, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv Phaseoli) and bean common mosaic virus (BCMV).

Objectives The objectives of this research are: 1) to continue to monitor the spread and virulence changes of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Ontario; 2) to incorporate routine molecular genetic characterization of collected C. lindemuthianum colonies; 3) to investigate the genetics of known sources of resistance to anthracnose in Ontario bean germplasm; 4) to develop high-yielding bean germplasm with appropriate agronomic characters and durable (multi-gene) anthracnose resistance in all market classes and in different maturity groups; and, 5) to combine durable anthracnose resistance with CBB, and BCMV resistance in all market classes and in different maturity groups.

Benefits The history of anthracnose in Ontario is characterized by periodic severe outbreaks of new virulence races (such as occurred in 2003 with major crop losses to race 73). Maintaining and improving the anthracnose monitoring program that was established by our research group provides a significant level of risk

37 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

management to the bean industry. As new races of anthracnose are identified in the province the breeding program will be able to anticipate problems and incorporate new sources of resistance as new threats emerge.

Moreover, Ontario bean producers use fungicides to control anthracnose. However, even with multiple fungicide applications, anthracnose may still be a threat, because of its ability to spread quickly in the field.

It is expected that the outcome of this research will contribute significantly to integrated pest management strategies in Ontario. The bean producers in Ontario, in particular, and Ontario agriculture, in general, will benefit from this research through reduced pesticide requirement which in-turn will provide a more environmentally-safe pest management strategy. The Ontario dry bean industry includes over 1000 growers and other stakeholders. The industry is estimated to worth more than $100 M annually, with 85% of the product targeted to the export market, generating international exchange as well as local employment.

Anthracnose and CBB, both seed-borne pathogens, are the main reasons why most seed production for the Ontario bean crop occurs in a disease free environment (mainly Idaho), which adds significantly to seed costs. With the combination of durable resistance to both CBB and anthracnose, seed production of these resistant varieties could be established in Ontario introducing a new industry to the province and reducing seed costs for Ontario growers.

Co-Funder List    

Ontario Bean Growers Ontario Pulse Crop Committee Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Hensall District Co-operative

38

Team Member University of Guelph

UofG Faculty (On Campus)

University of Guelph (internal)

UofG Faculty (On Campus)

3. Dr. Andrew Burt

University of Guelph

UofG Research Associate

4. Mr. Thomas Smith

University of Guelph

UofG Technician

5. Mr. Brian Hall

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

OMAF and MRA Staff

6. Mr. Terry Rupert

AAFC Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center

Non-UofG Technician

7. Ms. Bailing Zhang

AAFC Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center

Non-UofG Technician

8. Mr. Don Depuydt

University of Guelph

UofG Technician

9. Mr. Chris Gillard

University of Guelph

UofG Faculty (On Campus)

1. Dr. Karl Peter Pauls

2.

Dr. Mary Ruth McDonald

39

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Biological Control of Fusarium and Associated Mycotoxins in Ontario Cereal Using Endophytic Microbes from Ancient Corn and Millet

Submission number

UofG2012-1320

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants Wheat, corn, Fusarium, mycotoxin, biocontrol Manish N. Raizada University of Guelph 01/05/2013 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

30/04/2016

Abstract This project will attempt to develop biological control agents for both organic and conventional farmers against Fusarium graminearum, a fungus that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), the most important disease of Ontario wheat, and Gibberella ear rot in corn. F.graminearum accumulates deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin that is dangerous to animal and human health and reduces grain value for farmers. Recent FHB epidemics caused losses of $200-million to Ontario’s winter wheat farmers, while 23% of corn in Ontario in 2011 had detectable DON levels. A promising method of controlling crop diseases is to coat seeds, or spray plants, with endophytes. Endophytes are natural microbes that inhabit plants and can act as probiotics against pathogens by competing for nutrients, switching on plant immunity or producing natural pesticides/fungicides. We previously isolated endophytes that originate from ancient, wild corn and millet – plants that survive without synthetic fungicides. We have recently shown that these endophytes hold promise for suppressing F.graminearum. Here we propose to complete greenhouse trials on corn and wheat infected with F.graminearum, and based on the results to focus on one crop for field-testing, and then to determine the anti-fungal mode(s) of action to facilitate their regulatory approval.

Objectives The overall objective of the proposal is to develop effective biological control against EITHER Gibberella ear rot OR Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat based on coating seeds with beneficial microbial endophytes isolated from corn (and finger millet).

Obj1. In Year-1, complete two greenhouse trials to test candidate microbial inoculants as biological control agents against F.graminearum in Ontario corn (Gibberella ear rot) and wheat (Fusarim-head-blight) based on suppressing spike/ear disease symptoms. Select one crop after Year-1, then optimize formulation and pyramid microbes to create a robust innoculant.

Obj2. Based on greenhouse results, select EITHER corn or wheat to conduct two-years of larger-scale field-

40 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

testing using the best endophytes against either Gibberella ear rot OR FHB ear/spike symptoms, with a focused mycotoxin screen in Year 3.

Obj3. Following the initial greenhouse trials, use the best endophyte(s) to determine their molecular, biochemical and ecological modes(s)-of-action to facilitate regulatory approval as commercial innoculants.

Benefits This research will attempt to develop effective biological control agents against the fungus, Fusarium graminearum, which is a major disease of both corn in Ontario (causing Gibberella ear rot and Fusarium stalk rot) and the most important disease of wheat, causing Fusarium head blight (FHB). Infected grain accumulates a mycotoxin [deoxynivalenol (DON) known also as vomitoxin]. Feed contaminated with DON disrupts digestion of livestock such as swine. Human consumption of DON-infected wheat flour can result in nausea, vomiting, fever, headaches and reduced weight gain (Pestka et al. 2005). For wheat and corn growers, DON-infected grain can cause tremendous crop losses in the field and/or reduced value of the grain. For these reasons, the beneficiaries of this research may benefit a subset of: (1) Ontario’s >21,000 corn farmers (both organic and conventional), as Fusarium reduces grain and silage yields (2) Ontario’s >17,000 wheat farmers (both organic and conventional), as mycotoxin contamination dramatically reduces the value (grade) of wheat grain (3) Workers in Ontario’s related agrifood industries that suffer during cereal grain outbreaks (e.g. grain processors) (4) the Ontario livestock industry that suffers from mycotoxin-infected feed (5) Ontario’s consumers that benefit from safer food, whether organic or conventional Co-Funder List   

Egyptian Bureau of Cultural and Educational Affairs in Canada International Development Research Centre (IDRC) NSERC

Team Member 1. Art Schaafsma

University of Guelph

University Researcher

2. Dr. Victor Limay Rios

University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus University Researcher

3. Dr. Ljiljana Tamburic-Ilincic University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus University Researcher 4. Ms. Walaa Moatey

University of Guelph

Graduate Student

5. Mr. Vijay Bhosekar

University of Guelph

Graduate Student

41

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title Submission number Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Management of nematode pests of root vegetables UofG2012-1255

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants root knot nematode, lesion nematode, Mary Ruth McDonald University of Guelph 01/05/2013 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

30/04/2016

Abstract Nematode pests cause major losses to vegetable crops. Recently, the most common fumigant, Telone, was taken off the market. Growers need a replacement for Telone, and a replacement for fumigants in general, would be beneficial. This research will evaluate fumigants, new, reduced -risk nematicides and biorational materials for control of root knot nematode on carrots and other vegetables. Carrots are very sensitive to damage from root knot nematode, so any product that is effective on carrots should work well in other systems. Carrots and radishes are the two representative crops for minor use registrations for root vegetables, so this work will benefit all root vegetables. The research will be conducted in growers' fields, in microplots and in growth cabinets. Products to be tested include the fumigants chloropicrin and metham sodium, new product MCW-2 (flufensulfone) and spirotetramat and biorational product MustGrow, which is produced from Brassica crops.

Another objective of the trial is to compare methods of assessing nematode populations, that is the Baerman funnel, sucrose gradient centrifugation and qPCR. Representative soil samples will also be sent to the Pest Diagnostic Clinic and A&L labs to compare nematode assessments.

Objectives -To identify effective fumigant, non-fumigant and biorational nematicides for control of nematodes and, where applicable, soil-borne plant pathogens, on carrots and to further test these on radishes or other vegetables to obtain data to support minor use registrations. Some products to be tested are the biorational material MustGrow, and the new nematicides MCW-5 and spirotetramat. Agri-Mek (avermectin) will also be tested. Some of these materials are also insecticides, so additional benefits of insecticide control will be assessed where appropriate i.e. control of second generation of carrot rust fly.

-Evaluate currently registered fumigants and their effectiveness in controlling root knot nematodes.

-Evaluate the different methods of identifying and quantifying root knot nematodes in soil. The Baermann funnel method will be compared to sucrose gradient methods and qPCR techniques.

42 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Benefits This research will benefit Ontario agriculture by identifying effective controls for root knot nematode on carrots and other crops. Carrots are the crop that is most sensitive to root knot nematode, so any approach that works on carrot should be highly effective on other crops.

The immediate beneficiaries will be the carrot growers of Ontario, who will benefit from having effective management tools for control of root knot nematode. All growers of root crops in Ontario will also benefit, because carrots and radishes are the two representative crops for minor use registrations. Many other vegetable growers in Ontario will benefit, since products that control root knot nematode have a good chance of controlling lesion nematode and other plant pathogenic nematodes.

Growers and extension specialists will also benefit from the information on the most effective methods ( and most accurate labs) for assessing nematode numbers. OMAFRA extension specialists have concerns that the labs that do nematode assessments sometimes come back with very different numbers. It is difficult to know which lab is providing the more accurate numbers.

Growers will also benefit if effective reduced-risk materials are identified, since these will be easier to handle and will not need a custom applicator to apply them.

Consumers will benefit from having a consistent supply of high quality Ontario carrots.

Co-Funder List  

Fresh Vegetable Growers of Ontario Bradford Co-op

Team Member 1. Dr. Katerina Jordan

University of Guelph

University Researcher

2. Mr. Dennis van Dyk

Collaborators

Graduate Student

3. Dr. Michael Tesfendrias Collaborators

University Researcher

4. Mr. Kevin Vander Kooi University of Guelph

Technician

5. Ms. Marion Paibomesai Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Advisory 6. Dr. Sean Westerveld

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Advisory

7. Mr. Michael Celetti

OMAFRA

OMAFRA Staff

43

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title Submission number Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Diseases threatening vegetable crops in Ontario UofG2012-1329

Funding Program

OMAFRA - U of G Research

Production Systems Plants,Emergency Management Fusarium, Stemphyllium, carrots, onions, spinach Mary Ruth McDonald University of Guelph 01/05/2013 End Date 30/04/2016

Abstract Two new plant pathogens or pathogen groups have become an issue for growers of vegetable crops in Ontario. Stemphyllium blight, caused by the fungus, Stemphyllium vesicarium, was first identified on onions in 2009 and has become the most serious foliar disease of onions since then. This fungus also attacks the spears of asparagus and has recently become a serious problem. Another new disease, Fusarium root rot, was recently identified on carrots in the Holland Marsh. A related disease, Fusarium wilt of spinach, has been present in Ontario for some time, and spinach is a good model crop for conducting research on root diseases. The proposed research includes surveys of carrot and onion fields in Ontario to determine how extensive these diseases are. More importantly, replicated field trials will be conducted to determine the most effective fungicides or biological controls for these diseases on onions, asparagus, carrots and spinach.

Carrot and spinach cultivars will be screened for resistance or tolerance. Trials will be conducted with onions and asparagus to determine the best time to start the spray program and if Stemphyllium from onion will infect asparagus, and vice versa. Results will be communicated to growers.

Objectives 1. To survey southern Ontario for the incidence and severity of Stemphyllium on onion and Fusarium on carrot.

2. To determine if Stemphyllium spores from asparagus can infect onion and if Stemphyllium spores from onion can infect asparagus. Also, to determine if Stemphyllium from either crop can infect common weed species.

3. To conduct replicated field trials to determine the most effective crop protection materials (fungicides, biological controls and biorational materials) to control or suppress Stemphyllium on onions and asparagus and Fusarium on carrots and spinach.

4. To determine the optimum spray timing for the control of Stemphyllium on asparagus and onions, based on monitoring the microclimate and (for onions) spore trapping.

5. To identify cultivars of carrot and spinach with resistance or tolerance to these diseases.

6. To determine the optimum methods for managing the crop residue in asparagus to prevent the overwintering of Stemphyllium in asparagus fields.

44 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Benefits Information on the biology and control of Stemphyllium on onions and asparagus and Fusarium on carrots and spinach will improve quality, yield and sustainability of these crops. This project will provide information on what crop protection materials are most effective and provide data to support minor use registrations on these crops. Currently there are no registered products for the control of any of these diseases in Canada, and there is little to no information on the rates or timing of fungicide applications. Similarly, it would be very helpful to know if some cultivars are less susceptible to these diseases, so growers can choose the best cultivar for disease avoidance, or to use in combination with a fungicide.

Growers will be able to better plan crop rotation and weed management once information on the host range of Stemphyllium is known.

Growers, the vegetable industry and consumers will benefit from a reliable supply of high quality vegetables.

Co-Funder List   

Bradford Co-op Bradford Co-op Ontario Asparagus Growers Marketing Board

Team Member 1. Michael Tesfaendrias

University of Guelph

UofG Research Associate

2. Mr. Brian Collins

Collaborators

Graduate Student

3. Ms. Jennifer Foster

Collaborators

Graduate Student

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

Advisory

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

Collaborating Specialist

4.

Ms. Marion Paibomesai

5. Dr. Sean Westerveld

6. Mr. Kevin Vander Kooi University of Guelph

Technician

45

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Development of New High-yielding and High-quality Soybeans with New SCN-resistant Sources for Ontario

Submission number

UofG2013-1537

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants Soybean, New SCN, Hartwig, High-yielding Mehrzad (Milad) Eskandari University of Guelph 01/05/2014 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

30/04/2017

Abstract Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most damaging pest of soybean in Ontario; it accounts for yield losses worth up to $30 million annually. Although one of the most effective strategies for managing SCN managing is to use SCN resistant cultivars, using diverse sources of resistance is important to prevent a breakdown in resistance over time. The major source of resistance to SCN in Ontario is the Plant Introduction (PI) 88788, and the farmers are overly dependent on this source, which increases the risk of SCN populations overcoming the resistance. It has been recently seen in Ontario that cultivars with PI88788 source did not seem to be as resistant as they had been in the past. The use of multiple sources of SCN resistance can control the change and spread of new races of SCN in Ontario. Therefore, the main objectives of this project are: (1) to identify SCN-associated molecular and gene-specific markers that facilitate the development of soybeans with accumulated SCN genes; and (2) to develop superior soybeans with new SCN sources for Ontario. This project will provide Ontario farmers with new soybeans carrying more effective SCN-resistant genes, and breeders with new technology useful in developing new SCN-resistant soybeans.

Objectives The main objectives are: a) To study the genetic control of PI 437654-derived SCN-resistant sources and identify and develop SCNassociated molecular markers that will facilitate the development of new SCN-resistant soybeans. To achieve this goal, the breeding materials will be evaluated genetically- using molecular markers- and phenotypically in SCN infested and non-infested fields in southwestern Ontario. b) To develop new germplasm and soybean cultivars adapted to Ontario that possess new SCN-resistance genes. To achieve this goal, breeding populations will be established through crosses between Ontario’s soybeans elites and high-yielding soybeans with PI 437654-derived SCN-resistant sources from the US. In addition to resistance to important SCN races in Ontario, the breeding materials will be evaluated for yield and other agronomic and seed traits across southwestern Ontario. High-yielding soybeans with good agronomic and seed quality performances with new SCN-resistant sources can be selected form the populations to be released for Ontario.

46 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Benefits This project will benefit the Ontario soybean industry, including over 20,000 soybean growers and the nonGMO food grade export, through the development of high-yielding high-protein soybeans with new SCNresistant genes. The new SCN-resistant sources are expected to be more effective in combating the nematodes and, as a result, the new cultivars will have better agronomic performance with increased seed yield and better quality.

It is also expected that the outcomes of this research will contribute significantly in the nematode management strategies in Ontario by providing new sources of SCN resistance. Having the opportunity to grow superior soybean cultivars with different SCN sources will help Ontario soybean growers to avoid continuous use of the same SCN-resistant cultivars year after year. The continuous use of a specific source of the resistance puts pressure on the SCN populations to adapt and shift races in the fields, thereby making the cultivars ineffective in combating the pest as nematode populations may reproduce on the resistance source. It would be much more difficult and expensive to manage the nematodes once race shifts occur and spread to new areas of Ontario.

Furthermore, the outcome is expected to also provide a better understanding of the genetic control of the new SCN sources and their interactions with seed and agronomic traits in Ontario’s soybean backgrounds.

This in turn will help the breeding program, and probably other interested soybean breeders in Ontario, through developing new genetic molecular techniques to facilitate the development of new soybeans cultivars with accumulated diverse SCN genes.

Co-Funder List 

SeCan

Team Member 1. Dr. Istvan Rajcan

University of Guelph

UofG Faculty (On Campus)

2. Mr. Albert Tenuta Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs OMAF and MRA Staff 3. Tom Welacky

Non-UofG Collaborator

4. Mr. Dennis Fischer University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus

UofG Technician

5. Mr. Bryan Stirling University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus

UofG Technician

6. Ms. TBD TBD

UofG Graduate Student

Collaborators

47

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Red clover non-uniformity: field assessment of drought tolerant red clover, delayed overseeding strategies, and spatial nitrogen application

Submission number

UofG2011-1097

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

,Production Systems Plants uniform clover stands in wheat Ralph Martin University of Guelph 01/06/2012 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

31/05/2015

Abstract Red clover provides significant nitrogen credit and rotation benefits in corn/soybean/wheat rotations.

However, previous Ontario research and producer observations suggest that although clover overseeded into wheat in March establishes uniformly, it does not persist uniformly when drought conditions occur. This project will assess whether clover stand variation observed in Ontario is predominantly due to drought related factors or to other factors. It will also determine if there is genetic variation for drought tolerance within red clover that can be exploited to improve uniformity of persistence under field conditions, using two or more drought tolerant clover lines. Furthermore, existing technology for image acquisition of nonuniform stands and nitrogen application equipment will be assessed for its capacity to apply proper amounts of nitrogen fertilizer to specific areas, with and without clover. Given the potential for elevated nitrous oxide emissions when nitrogen is uniformly applied in corn following non-uniform red clover stands, it is important to apply nitrogen according to spatial requirements. A later seeding date for red clover (after wheat anthesis) will be tested to determine whether red clover can dodge competition for moisture after the peak growth period of wheat and thus improve red clover stand uniformity Objectives The overall objective is to further increase red clover usage in the province of Ontario, thereby capturing the economic and environmental associated with red clover in rotation. This will be accomplished through research that leads to improved red clover stand uniformity.

Specific goals include: - assessing whether red clover stand variation observed in Ontario is predominantly due to drought related factors or to other factors - testing existing technology for image acquisition of non-uniform stands and nitrogen application equipment to apply nitrogen in proper amounts to specific areas, with and without clover - determining if there is genetic variation for drought tolerance within red clover that can be exploited to

48 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

improve uniformity of persistence under field conditions - assessing whether over seeding red clover after wheat anthesis will improve red clover stand uniformity Benefits Environmental Sustainability – Uniform red clover stands provide significant environmental benefits (nitrogen fertilizer reductions, increased soil organic carbon, improved soil structure, rotation diversity..).

Field validation of drought tolerant red clover varieties will lead to increased adoption of red clover in Ontario. Demonstration of potential for spatially applying nitrogen in corn following nonuniform red clover stands will reduce nitrous oxide emissions and further encourage adoption of red clover.

Co-Funder List  

Loblaw Co. Grain Farmers of Ontario

Team Member 1.

Collaborators

Collaborating Researcher

2.

Collaborators

Collaborating Researcher

3.

Collaborators

Collaborating Researcher

4. Dr. Peter Johnson Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Collaborating Researcher 5. Dr. Greg Stewart

OMAFRA

Collaborating Researcher

6. Dr. Amelie Gaudin University of Guelph

UofG Post Doc Fellow

7. Ms. Sabrina Westra University of Guelph

UofG Graduate Student

8. Ms. Cora Loucks

UofG Graduate Student

University of Guelph

49

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Enhanced monitoring and management of spotted wing Drosophila, an invasive pest of soft-skinned fruit in Ontario

Submission number

UofG2011-1059

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants Invasive species, trapping, ecology, management Rebecca Hallett University of Guelph 01/05/2012 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

30/04/2016

Abstract Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) is a devastating pest of ripening fruit that was first found in Ontario in 2010.

Commercially available trapping systems do not compete well with ripening fruit, resulting in crop infestation prior to detection in traps. When left unmanaged, 30-80% losses have been reported in various fruit crops. In addition, increased labour and pest management costs and consumer and foreign market concerns add to losses resulting from SWD presence. Control using pesticides is associated with problems concerning coverage, development of resistance, residue levels and pre-harvest intervals. This project will integrate different disciplines and approaches to enhance our ability to monitor and manage SWD in Ontario. Through this project we will monitor the occurrence of SWD and its distribution in Ontario, develop enhanced trapping methods and molecular identification tools, learn more about the population dynamics of SWD in Ontario (especially with respect to overwintering generations and wild hosts, and which sites are most at risk), and develop semiochemical-based pest management methods that can be used in both conventional and organic production systems.

Objectives 1. Optimize monitoring of SWD 1.a. Survey and monitor SWD in various crops throughout Ontario to inform industry of SWD presence and abundance.

1.b. Develop an improved lure for increased selectivity and greater attraction of SWD earlier in season to permit use in IPM decision-making and action threshold development.

1.c. Evaluate molecular diagnostic tools for SWD identification and detection.

1.d. Elucidate early season life history and behaviour of SWD to determine where it overwinters, crops most likely to support SWD in early spring and wild hosts of SWD in Ontario.

2. Develop alternate control options for SWD management 2.a. Evaluate repellents to protect ripening fruit and for potential incorporation into a push-pull strategy for

50 For more information, please visit uoguelph.ca/ktt

SWD control.

2.b. Develop a push-pull system for control of SWD (pending results of #1b&2a).

Benefits This project directly addresses Plant Protection priorities #2, and #4: This research program will increase capacity to address a new emerging pest and invasive species, the Spotted Wing Drosophila, through investigations of its biology, ecology and management in Ontario, as well as through the development of improved methods for its identification, tracking, monitoring and control. In addition, this work will lead to improved diagnostic technologies and surveillance techniques that will help to improve management of this new invasive insect pest.

The proposed research will benefit the fruit (and possibly tomato) industry in Ontario. Results of this research and new technologies developed will provide growers with effective monitoring and control methods which will be suitable for both organic and conventional production systems. Growers, extension agents and crop consultants will benefit from access to information on SWD ecology that can be used in the development of IPM programs. Improved trapping and molecular diagnostic tools will enable rapid detection and identification of SWD, which will be beneficial for plant protection agencies and researchers interested in monitoring for presence and spread of SWD. Results of trapping studies and determination of the relationship between trap captures and larval presence in fruit will be important for future development of semiochemical-based action thresholds for use in optimizing insecticide application timing.

This research will benefit thousands of Ontario farmers. According to 2006 data, there are 1,922 farms producing peaches, strawberries and grapes alone in Ontario. In addition, there are 1,429 farms producing field tomatoes, and 95% of field tomatoes are grown in southern counties, which are either positive, or near to positive, SWD counties.

Co-Funder List        

Ontario Berry Growers Association Ontario Berry Growers Association Niagara Peninsula Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Biobest Contech Ecological Famers of Ontario HJ Heinz Co. of Canada

51

Team Member 1. Dr. Tara Gariepy

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Collaborating Researcher

2. Ms. Hannah Fraser

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

Collaborating Researcher

3. Mr. Harold Schooley Collaborators

Non-UofG Advisory

4. Ms. Pam Fisher

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

Advisory

5. Ms. Denise Beaton

OMAFRA

Advisory

6. Dr. Steven Marshall University of Guelph

Advisory

7. Mr. James Heal

Technician

University of Guelph

8. Ms. Angela Brommit Collaborators

Non-UofG Technician

9. Mr. Derek Wright

UofG Other

University of Guelph

10. Dr. Justin Renkema University of Guelph

UofG Post Doc Fellow

11. Mr. Jordan Hazell

University of Guelph

UofG Other

12. Mr. Kevin Reeh

Vineland Research and Innovation Centre

Non-UofG Faculty/Research Scientist

13. Dr. Rose Buitenhuis University of Guelph

Non-UofG Faculty/Research Scientist

14. Ms. Rebecca Eerkes Vineland Research and Innovation Centre

Non-UofG Technician

15.

Ms. Anna Krzywdzinski

Vineland Research and Innovation Centre

52

Non-UofG Technician

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Integrated Pest Management of the Swede Midge in Canola.

Submission number

UofG2011-1203

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants invasive species, integrated pest management Rebecca Hallett University of Guelph 01/05/2012 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

30/04/2015

Abstract The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is an invasive pest of cruciferous plants, first identified in Ontario in 2000. Recently, swede midge incidence and damage to canola has increased to economically damaging levels throughout Ontario canola production regions. Depending upon infestation timing, swede midge can impact yields by killing the meristem, preventing primary raceme bolting, and killing developing flower buds. There are currently no insecticides available for swede midge control in spring canola. The overall goal of this project is to develop an integrated pest management program for swede midge in spring canola, including identification of effective insecticides, and optimal insecticide timing with respect to canola phenology, and the development of decision-making guidelines for determining whether and when insecticide applications are warranted against swede midge for canola yield protection. The results of this project will be used to develop comprehensive management recommendations for canola growers that take into account swede midge ecology, crop phenology, and prevailing practices in canola production systems.

Objectives The overarching goal of this research project is to develop effective integrated pest management practices for swede midge in canola. This goal will be achieved through the following specific objectives: 1. To evaluate efficacy and timing of insecticides in reducing swede midge damage in spring canola.

2. To determine the relationship between spring canola phenology and susceptibility to swede midge.

The results of this research will be combined with existing knowledge of swede midge ecology and other management tactics (e.g. crop rotation, weed management, etc) to develop a comprehensive integrated pest management program for the swede midge in canola.

53 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

Benefits This project directly addresses Plant Protection priorities #1 & #2 and Production Efficiency priority #1. The proposed research will enhance current IPM systems in canola through pest control products and develop improved controls for an insect pest in a current plant production system. This project will increase capacity to address an invasive species that is increasingly problematic in canola, by investigating its ecological interactions with host plant phenology, and developing pest management recommendations. This research will lead to development of decision-making tools that will help maximize canola productivity.

The proposed research will benefit ~800 Ontario canola growers, and help protect 70,000 acres of canola, by generating information on pest and crop interactions, and management and decision-making recommendations to reduce yield losses to SM. This research will benefit crop consultants, certified crop advisors and extension personnel who offer services and advice to growers about canola pest management.

This research will help support URMULE and/or Category A insecticide registrations in order to provide canola growers with the necessary tools to effectively manage SM. Registered seed treatments will be evaluated for their ability to confer protection from SM in early canola growth stages. This information will help to determine whether SM-specific management tactics are needed early in the season, and when SM management should commence.

Understanding of the interactions between SM density and crop stage will help determine whether pest management efforts can be directed to one vulnerable plant stage, or whether SM monitoring and management is necessary during all vulnerable stages.

Monitoring of SM populations, agronomic and pest management practices, and environmental conditions on grower fields will help determine the relative impacts of these factors on SM damage and yield losses.

This information help in developing decision tools for growers based on SM populations, and elucidate conditions favouring economically damaging SM populations.

Recommendations will be developed on when and where SM management should be a priority, and will be combined with existing information on the importance of crop rotation, planting dates, and management of cruciferous weeds to develop a comprehensive set of pest management recommendations for SM in canola.

Co-Funder List   

Ontario Canola Growers Association Canola Council of Canada Cargill

54

Team Member 1. Dr. Hugh Earl

University of Guelph

Collaborating Researcher

2. Mr. James Heal

University of Guelph

Technician

3. Mr. Brian Hall

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

Advisory

University of Guelph

UofG Technician

5. Mr. Jeff Jacques

Collaborators

Non-UofG Collaborator

6. Ms. Morgan Kluka

University of Guelph

UofG Other

7. Mr. Jonathon Williams

University of Guelph

UofG Graduate Student

4.

Ms. Lauren DesMarteaux

55

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title

Genetic improvement of red clover for underseeding to wheat

Submission number

UofG2012-1408

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Funding Program

Production Systems Plants clover wheat underseeding stress tolerance Stephen Bowley University of Guelph 01/05/2013 End Date

OMAFRA - U of G Research

31/03/2016

Abstract There has been resurgence in use of red clover for underseeding to wheat due to increased awareness of the benefits of its nitrogen fixation and enhancement of yields and soil quality. However, the use of red clover remains problematic because of the inability to achieve uniform stands—its value can only be captured if a uniform stand is obtained.

Through a previous OMAFRA-University Partnership project, a breeding project was initiated to improve red clover’s tolerance to drought in wheat underseedings. This project included both greenhouse and on-farm field evaluation. The results of field studies led to a pilot experiment to explore the effects of light competition and red:far red light signaling responses by red clover from the companion wheat plants.

Preliminary findings indicate that the response of red clover to a far-red enriched spectrum is not typical of that found in crop species such as corn and soybean.

The objectives of the proposed research are to continue the selection efforts for drought tolerance, initiate testing of the drought tolerance of the experimental varieties, and explore aspects of the response of red clover to, and the genetic variation of, the enriched far-red light spectrum when underseeded to winter wheat.

Objectives The overall objective is to further increase usage of red clover in wheat rotations in Ontario thereby capitalizing on the economic and environmental benefits associated with red clover in rotation.

Specific objectives include: -Completion of an additional cycle of recurrent selection for drought tolerance in double-cut and single-cut populations of red clover.

-Comparison of the stability and utility of populations and varieties of two flowering types (double- and single-cut) red clover for their relative stability and utility in wheat underseedings.

-Evaluation of the drought tolerance of the improved experimental red clover lines.

56 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

-Evaluate the genetic variance for tolerance in red clover to the altered light spectrum (enriched far red) caused by the companion winter wheat.

-If genetic variance is detected for altered light spectrum, to initiate selection in red clover for tolerance to the altered light spectrum caused by the companion winter wheat.

Benefits Underseeding forage legumes, such as red clover, into winter wheat in a typical corn-soybean-wheat rotation results in an average of 70 kg N / ha credit to the following corn crop and simultaneously yield increases of 6-8%. This credit represents up to a 50% reduction in synthetic fertilizer input, increased profitability, and reductions in energy inputs and related greenhouse gas emissions associated with N fertilizer production and use. Ontario farmers have been unable to fully capture these benefits due to difficulty in establishing uniform stands of underseeded forage legumes. While nonuniformity is partially due to factors such as no-tillage, red clover seeding date, and wheat nitrogen rate, the predominant factor appears to be drought and competitive tolerance of the legume. This research aims to enhance the establishment and persistence of underseeded legumes, thereby directly addressing the primary limitation to widespread adoption of this technology in Ontario.

Co-Funder List   

Ontario Forage Crops Committee Ontario Forage Council Grain Farmers of Ontario

Team Member 1. Ms. Donna Hancock University of Guelph Technician 2. Ms. Karrie Boucher University of Guelph Graduate Student 3. Ralph Martin

University of Guelph UofG Faculty (On Campus)

57

Research-to-Go

Return to Index

Summary of current research funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs-University of Guelph Partnership

Project Title Submission number

Theme(s) Key words Lead Applicant Organization Start Date

Purple vegetables for better health 27081

Funding Program

OMAFRA - U of G Historical REPORTING

,Food for Health,Production Systems Plants Vegetables, anthocyanin, phytochemical, antioxidant, enzyme Mary Ruth McDonald University of Guelph 01/05/2011 End Date 30/04/2015

Abstract

Objectives 1. To determine the effects of genetic and environmental factors, production methods, storage and processing conditions (e.g. heating) on the phytonutrient levels of Ontario-grown highly-pigmented vegetables (HPV) (potatoes and carrots). Specifically to investigate anthocyanin and phytochemical profiles and assess the antioxidant activities and enzyme activities of these vegetables.

2. To study the effects of highly pigmented vegetables on cell protection, proliferation in vitro and with animal models for various biomarkers.

3. To study the effect of highly pigmented vegetables on regulation of blood sugar level and other biomarkers, bioavailability and metabolism in human subjects Benefits

Co-Funder List Team Member 1. Rong Cao

AAFC Guelph Food Research Centre Collaborating Researcher

2. Dr. J. Alan Sullivan University of Guelph

Collaborating Researcher

3.

Collaborating Researcher

Collaborators

58 For more information, please visit www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

For more information on these projects (including results) and many more please visit: www.uoguelph.ca/ktt/searchRP and www.uoguelph.ca/research/PSP

59