University of Jyväskylä Yearbook 2019 by University of Jyvaskyla

ANNUAL REPORT 2019

The core of our university is the competence and wellbeing of the individual, a focus that is reflected in our strategy, Wisdom and wellbeing for us all. It is essential that each member of our community thrives and has opportunities to grow and develop. Our high-quality research and education promote the comprehensive wellbeing and competence of individuals in society. As a university, our values are openness, trust, quality and integrity.

ANNUAL REPORT 2019

20 19 ANNUAL REPORT EDITORS

Liisa Harjula Kirke Hassinen Tanja Heikkinen Kirsi Häkämies Anitta Kananen Reetta Mikkola Anu Mustonen Sini Tuikka Elina Vaara-Sjöblom Kati Valpe Iiro Vuori Martta Walker PHOTOGRAPHS

Auli Dahlström Nina Huisman Tarja Jakobsén Petteri Kivimäki Siiri Koutola Anniina Liimatainen Tuukka Luukkonen Martti Minkkinen Ministry of Education and Culture Finnish Defence Forces Suomen Ilmakuva Oy Andre Vandal Mikko Vähäniitty STATISTICS

Helena Maukonen ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Jussi Korhonen Tuomo Suontausta PROOFREADING

Matt Wuethrich Sirpa Leppänen CONCEPT AND DESIGN

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RECTOR’S OVERVIEW

Taking open science to new heights In 2019 we continued the strategy work we started in January 2018. In April 2019, the University Board confirmed the five development programmes included in the university strategy Wisdom and wellbeing for us all. We again exceeded our target for master’s degrees: in 2019 the total was 1,576, an increase of 63 degrees from 2018. The number of completed bachelor’s degrees was 1,235 (1,220 in 2018). The number of doctoral degrees was 127. The university’s degree targets for 2017– 2020, agreed with the Ministry of Education and Culture, are on average 1,475 master’s degrees and 138 doctoral degrees per year. The average target for bachelor’s degrees is 1,360 degrees per year. A positive development was the clear increase in the number of international peer-reviewed publications from the previous year. Overall, the number of peer-reviewed publications and other scientific publications published in Finland continued to decrease slightly. International publishing activity is a key factor in the financing model for universities. After a decrease in 2018, the overall number of scientific publications also increased in 2019. The results of the maturity rankings of openness in science were published in the report Atlas of Open Science and Research in Finland 2019. In comparison to the 2016 report, JYU rose from level 4 to the highest level 5 and was ranked third among Finnish universities after the universities of Turku and Tampere. The renovation of the University Library building started in spring 2019. A completely new concept will be created for the building, and the renovation will combine the Open Science Centre’s library and museum services in the building. In October, the university signed a framework agreement with University Properties of Finland on the renovation and alteration of Ylistönrinne. The project is scheduled to be carried out between 2020 and 2025, at an investment of about €45 million.

JYU wants to intensify societal interaction and seek new ways to increase the impact of research and to make competence available for society faster. To this end, we actively participate in regional cooperation. The EduFutura cooperation with JAMK University of Applied Sciences and the Jyväskylä Educational Consortium Gradia focused on preparing a unified study offering and collaboratively produced studies through curriculum work. In addition, JYU actively contributed to strengthening the Central Finland Health and Wellbeing Ecosystem KeHO. According to recent surveys, the reputation of our university is high. JYU is profiled as an educator of competent people and a highstandard international research university. The university is seen as promoting especially the wellbeing of people and society. The strategy Wisdom and wellbeing for us all is in line with public perception. Our mission is also widely recognised: we are a university with societal impact. And we are proud of it.

Keijo Hämäläinen RECTOR

CONTENTS

4 6

FUN AND ENCOURAGEMENT FOR FIRST-YEAR LANGUAGE LEARNERS

COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING AND INTERACTION IN FOCUS

7 7

Rector’s overview Knowledge for the future – Impact through cooperation Successfully funded research areas share a multidisciplinary approach Strategic work continues

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 8

Fun and encouragement for first-year language learners 12 The KUMU programme is unique in Finland 13 For adolescent consumers, the borders are blurred FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 14 18 18 19

We need new types of security experts Growth in the number of degrees Open source code promotes research Top-quality research in information systems science 19 JYU joins the FITech Network University FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY

AT THE FOREFRONT OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS

32 DO I MOVE BECAUSE I LIVE OR LIVE BECAUSE I MOVE?

20 Collaborative problem-solving and interaction in focus 24 How do employees regulate their wellbeing? 24 Teacher education heading for a joint application system 25 What did I learn at school today? 25 Teacher training being reformed 25 How do people remember? SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 26 At the forefront of education and research in responsible business 30 Proposal to give up domestic flights raises discussion 31 Sports alongside studies in business and economics 31 Success in professor ranking 31 Insight into the reasons behind the end of Nokia’s mobile phone business 31 18 years, 100 publications FACULTY OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCES 32 Do I move because I live or live because I move?

36 International advisory board supports strategy work 36 Physical activity often starts to decrease as early as age seven 37 Small children’s use of digital devices studied 37 Award for the congress on motor learning difficulties FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE 38 Sitting down alone to think is not the way to start strategy work 42 Aluminium compound breaks benzene in a sensational reaction 42 Nanoresearcher in search of a quantum computer 43 Frogs with weaker defences survive alongside stronger individuals FINNISH INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH 44 Finnish Institute for Educational Research– much more than just PISA 44 New information about young people’s multiliteracy and computational thinking 44 Teachers are satisfied with their work, but in-service training needs development 45 Peer-group mentoring in support of professional development and wellbeing in the field of education 45 PISA 2018: Finnish student performance on a high level OPEN SCIENCE CENTRE 46 To the highest level of openness MOVI 47 Movi is the next-generation university language centre OPEN UNIVERSITY 48 The open university path leads to opportunities KOKKOLA UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM CHYDENIUS 49 Student needs drive teaching development – from contact teaching to video-based modular teaching 50 2019 NEWS 54 2019 FIGURES

KNOWLEDGE FOR THE FUTURE

Impact through cooperation Society is changing in rapid, increasingly radical ways, and the discussion culture feels more polarised than ever. In the midst of this turmoil, JYU wants to act as a counterforce to fake news and shifting political winds. In our role as an educational institution, we are guided by research and the goal to increase equality. We promote the impact of researchbased knowledge through cooperation with regional, national and international networks. A growing number of researchers have started to network, participate in decision-making and take a stand. An excellent example of this is the School of Resource Wisdom, which focuses on planetary wellbeing and participates in an increasing number of decision-making forums. The multidisciplinary group of the WISDOM network produces knowledge for guiding the use of natural resources towards genuine sustainability across generations. The University also participated in regional development through various networks. These include key projects such as the Central Finland Health and Wellbeing Ecosystem KeHO and the sports and wellbeing centre Hippos 2020. The Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, coordinated by JYU, is an important operator in the Biovalley ecosystem in Central Ostrobothnia. In the Vuokatti Sports Technology Unit of the Kajaani University Consortium, our role is to influence as an expert of sports technology. ALUMNI AS PARTNERS Our alumni play an important role in opening dialogue between the university

and the world of work. Nearly 4,000 voluntary alumni participate actively in alumni activities. In 2019, we launched event concepts such as alumni dinners in cooperation with our alumni in Semma and Kyrö Distillery. Six months of development work culminated with dinners in Jyväskylä and Helsinki. The guests were served specialities such as personal loaves of bread made from 45-year-old sourdough starters and leavened on the tables before baking. The guests also learned about hand distilling that unearths rye whiskey’s pure rye aroma from the grain. The inaugural Alumni Golf tournament was played in Muurame in August. Taking home the first trophy was Marja-Liisa Laitinen from Mikkeli. She is an entrepreneur and expert of wellbeing at work who graduated from the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences in 1989. On 25 October, JYU invited its alumni and their work communities for a master course in wellbeing at work. Around 250 alumni got familiar with the super medicine of the business world: appreciation, showing gratitude and humour. The workshops explored how to learn to tolerate failure and considered what the formula is for effective thanking.

Did you know? Joint professorships are an important link between the university and the world of work: JOINT PROFESSORSHIPS WITH THE CENTRAL FINLAND HEALTH CARE DISTRICT

Tarja Kettunen, health promotion Arja Häkkinen, clinical physiotherapy Riku Nikander, geriatrics and rehabilitation Research Director Teijo Kuopio, cell and molecular pathology (Central Finland Biobank) Research Professor Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, gastroenterology surgery Associate Professor Jari Laukkanen, cardiology and sports and exercise medicine  JOINT PROFESSORSHIP WITH THE FINNISH DEFENCE FORCES

Heikki Kyröläinen, exercise physiology EDUFUTURA PROFESSOR OF PRACTICE

Sami Kalaja, sport sciences

Successfully funded research areas share a multidisciplinary approach JYU succeeded in the Academy of Finland’s PROFI funding project and received funding for its profiling areas for the fifth time in a row. The Academy of Finland awarded JYU four million euros for 2019–2023 to develop its central fields of research. The funded research fields are multiliteracy, the effects of physical activity, and nuclear astrophysics. All three fields are characterised by a strong multidisciplinary approach. The University’s total income was €204.3 million. Total costs were €210 million, resulting in a deficit of €5.7 million. Of donations from previous years, €0.2 million was used. Personnel costs increased 3% while other operating costs were reduced by 5%. The share of supplementary funding was 36% and its total in euros, €72.7 million, increased slightly from the previous year. JYU’s research projects in physics and chemistry succeeded well in the application round of the EU’s Horizon2020 funding programme. They received almost one million euros for three new projects related to research infrastructures. The turnover of EduCluster Finland, a subsidiary of the university group focusing on education export, grew 5%, but its overall result was negative for the second year in a row. Unifund, an investment company established by the university in 2015, has invested in four companies, of which three have received follow-on investments.

€204.3 M

JYU 2019

TURNOVER

€72.7 M

€-5.7 M

SUPPLEMENTARY FUNDING

RESULT OF ACTUAL OPERATIONS

LARGEST PROJECT FINANCERS

€26.3 M Academy of Finland

€6 M

Ministry of Education and Culture

€5.5 M

Strategic work continues The university’s strategy Wisdom and wellbeing for us all defines a vision for 2030, in which JYU will be a global leader in the study of learning, wellbeing and basic natural phenomena, reshaping competence to build a sustainable society. The university aims to strengthen its position as a research university in line with its profile, which will be further refined through strategic work. To achieve our vision, we have launched five development programmes: Education; Research; Capable, creative and healthy university community; Campus; and Digital. The Education programme focuses on offering education with high-quality pedagogy, content and curricula as well as smooth study paths that proceed in a scheduled time. In global rankings, research activity at JYU is among the top two to three percent of all universities. The Research programme focuses on enhancing the conditions for research and strengthening our position in the domestic and international science communities. The university has also initiated an extensive leadership development programme.

European Commission

JYU FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

FUN AND ENCOURAGEMENT FOR FIRST-YEAR LANGUAGE LEARNERS

Playing, singing and activities – that is Professor Anne Pitkänen-Huhta’s recipe for starting language learning in the first year of school. The learning of a first foreign language in Finland is being started earlier than before, already in the spring of the first grade.

← First-graders of the Teacher Training School learning

English with their teacher Anna Laukkarinen

JYU FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

“Especially with very young pupils, activities are important along with fun and encouragement to try. You can make use of even modest language skills and it is fine to mix languages,” Pitkänen-Huhta says. It is not useful to emphasise to children how demanding learning languages can be.

fourth grade on. And that both languages will be taught throughout the school path.

“Learning languages is not difficult, but it can be made difficult,” says Anne Pitkänen-Huhta. She advises toning down the demands for grammatical correctness and purity of language.

“You will surely learn English even if you start it a bit later,” she says.

A pilot study on starting language learning earlier has been conducted by the Centre for Applied Language Studies. The follow-up study will continue and expand in the coming years. “Our extensive research group is studying, among other issues, the motivation to learn a language in comparison to those who start learning the language later,” she says. Based on earlier experiences, it seems beneficial to start learning languages younger. For example, language shower experiments at day-care centres have showed positive results. “Small children easily catch on about how to use a language, and this carries far. The attitude and motivation towards languages is more positive when starting younger. Of course, the situation is different if the child has learning difficulties. In that case special support is needed.” NOT ONLY ENGLISH Society has an extensive need also for speakers of languages other than English. How then to broaden the language selection of schools? “Voluntary selection of languages does not work; it has been tried for years,” Pitkänen-Huhta says. One remedy to change the situation would be to start language learning earlier. “Now we should make parents select some language other than English as the first language and get municipalities to guarantee that English will be available as the second language from the third or

The narrowing of language selection also affects university education. Learning languages has decreased in primary school and upper secondary school, so it is hard to get pupils for “smaller” languages such as German and French. “The situation causes pressure in adult education,” Pitkänen-Huhta says. We also need to consider if language teacher training is responding to the challenge, since it currently focuses on teaching children and young people. EDUCATION PROVIDES TOOLS FOR CHANGE Pitkänen-Huhta has studied how, where and with whom languages are learned as well as how texts are used by individuals and in society. “The speed is also high in this sector,” she says. “The question is not only about spoken or written language but all information the media bombards us with. It is important that education offer a good foundation for using media as well as tools to help children cope in a multiform and changing world. Reading skills acquired in the past do not suffice because you continuously need to adopt something new. Jyväskylä’s strong cluster of applied language studies, especially the Language Campus, has created new working methods and combinations, such as encounters between art and language. “We have used visual methods in the study of language learning, and participants have sketched out the identity of a language learner by drawing. This way you can study, even with small children, the type of a learner you see in yourself. Our research helps explain the importance of language in everyone’s life and the multitude of situations in which it is used.” Anne Pitkänen-Huhta →

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Research in human sciences is needed to address many societal issues. In 2019, our researchers took on topical themes such as services for older people, hate speech, fair food, consuming, multiculturalism and starting language teaching at an earlier age.â&#x20AC;? Minna-Riitta Luukka | DEAN

The applied language studies cluster at JYU is unique in Finland and has received profiling funding from the Academy of Finland. Instead of structures and grammar, applied language studies investigate language use and learning and the meaning of language for individuals and communities. A researcher collegium (ReCLaS) has been established for the field of study. Research in the profiling area will be deepened in 2019â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2023 with a multidisciplinary theme that studies, for example, multiliteracy and access to knowledge, texts and language.

JYU FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

← Outi Fingerroos and Miikka Pyykkönen

The KUMU programme is unique in Finland KUMU is a one-of-a-kind degree programme that unites ethnology, anthropology and cultural policy. Its students become versatile experts of cultures and the culture sector. The programme unites research and teaching in the humanities and social sciences in a unique way. The first 25 students started their studies in autumn 2019. “The teaching aims to be close to working life by focusing on internships, project work learning and different trends, models and practices of the world of work,” says Professor Outi Fingerroos. “Our other guiding focus is the development of teaching. We base it on research and cooperate with international partners such as UCL and the universities of Bristol, Exeter and Roskilde. We want to ensure that students have diverse competence, the ability to explain their competence and

degree and exchange students learn theoretical and methodological skills in the modules produced by KUMU.

also proper contacts to employers. All this helps to find employment quickly after graduation.”

KUMU takes an exceptionally broad view on culture from the perspectives of research on culture and cultural policy in the humanities and social sciences.

In addition, there will be groundbreaking cooperation with the HUMAK University of Applied Sciences. In autumn 2019, KUMU and HUMAK made a cooperation agreement that enables exchanging modules. The exchange will start in the autumn. In the culture production studies of HUMAK, the KUMU students will have a chance to get familiar with the basics of culture production, such as financial planning and management as well as culture funding. In community pedagogy, they can study leadership, organisational work and youth work. In turn, HUMAK’s

“KUMU offers various viewpoints and approaches to culture,” says Professor Miikka Pyykkö. “This is the only degree programme in Finland that unites the traditional fields of culture research, ethnology, folkloristics and anthropology, with the study of culture and art policies. When combined with labour market relevance, the result is a unique combination of phenomenon-based expertise, analytical competence and working life skills. Experts in the culture field are expected to have comprehensive skills both now and in the future.”

For adolescent consumers, the borders are blurred The borders between consumption and other content as well as between regular and commercial communication have become blurred. Where does consumption take place? Who is the consumer and who is the marketer? This is studied in the DigiConsumers project led by Professor Terhi-Anna Wilska. The project investigates factors that affect the consumption behaviour of 13- to 25-year-olds in the digital environment. Money has become technology based, which has changed the use of money, values and attitudes.

brainwashed for certain purposes,” Wilska says.

“The shift is most clearly visible in practices: How and where do people buy? How do they pay? How are marketing and advertising targeted to them?” says Wilska.

The DigiConsumers project aims to find ways to educate adolescents as conscious consumers in touch with what they personally want. The consortium has a strong representation of educational psychology researchers. In addition to actual financial management, the project also wants to strengthen the sense of financial management.

DO YOU WANT WHAT YOU THINK YOU WANT?

DIGITALISATION OF CONSUMPTION IS NOT ONLY A THREAT

Adolescents live their daily life in social media environments, where they become objects of a continuous stream of marketing communications through different methods of influence.

Wilska finds it positive that it is possible to develop various financial management applications on digital platforms and thus inspire young people to plan their finances in a gamified way.

As an example, Terhi-Anna Wilska names micro-influencers, regular social media users companies recruit as brand ambassadors by promising different benefits. The topic is also being studied in #Agents, an Academy of Finland project led by Wilska. Friends’ postings do not display the commercial cooperation even though the stories of individual people have a greater effect in social media than, for example, research data. At worst, the adolescent’s own opinion disappears in a digital consumption environment, where you cannot escape subliminal advertising while companies niche-market their products based on algorithms. “Young people think they are financial decision-makers, but at worst they are only targets who are continuously

↑ Terhi-Anna Wilska

“We need to renew the way we teach financial matters to children and adolescents. When money is less concrete, we need to tell young people about finances in ways that arise from their daily lives. The pace of change is a challenge: the channels used by young people change with a frequent cycle. Genuinely interesting applications must also be developed for adolescents.” Spending money is so unnoticeable that it is easy to lose your sense of money. “Bad credit records go hand in hand with the ease of getting instant loans,” Wilska says. The project is developing operating guidelines and producing information to support legislation on, for example, the regulation of instant loans.

DigiConsumers is a six-year research project that started in August 2019 and is funded by the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland. The research consortium is led by the University of Jyväskylä and the partners include the University of Vaasa, the University of Helsinki, Pellervo Economic Research PTT and Economy and Youth TAT.

JYU FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

WE NEED NEW TYPES OF SECURITY EXPERTS

The University of Jyväskylä’s new Master’s Degree Programme in Security and Strategic Analysis is unique in Finland. The programme educates security experts who have comprehensive expertise and the ability to analyse global changes and phenomena that affect security.

← Photo: Finnish Defence Forces

JYU FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

The number of applicants for the Master’s Degree Programme in Security and Strategic Analysis, which started in autumn 2019 and is unique in Finland, proved what we already knew: there is a great demand for this programme. The students in the master’s degree programme are mostly adults who already have working careers. The high share of participants from a wide range of professions in the security field indicates that the programme responds well to the education requirements of the public sector. The programme focuses on the security of our increasingly international and digital society, supply security, reliability of services as well as the ability to react to and tolerate risks.

available in Finland. The University of Jyväskylä is Finland’s only non-military institution that provides teaching in intelligence. Models for constructing the course reading lists and teaching content were found from the United States, the pioneer of academic teaching in intelligence.

THE THREATS OF A GLOBAL DIGITALISED SOCIETY

“We needed to include the core ideas of benchmarked master’s degree programmes in three courses, and we succeeded rather well.”

Sometimes society’s excitement about digitalisation and the opportunities it offers overshadows discussion about the new kinds of security threats the phenomenon creates. “When operations and processes are digitalised, they become more efficient and probably easier but often also more vulnerable,” says Lecturer Panu Moilanen, the pedagogical head of the programme. The teaching in this carefully built programme is being implemented in cooperation with the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. “Social scientists have a stronger view on crises and change in society, but when looking at security, the perspectives of social sciences and information technology supplement each other,” Moilanen says.

“We started by identifying how intelligence teaching could be organised in Finland in an academic setting,” says Martti J. Kari, the university teacher responsible for intelligence teaching.

COMPANIES ALSO NEED SECURITY EXPERTS In the future, the aim is to supplement the curriculum of the degree programme with content related to business intelligence. This way the education could respond even better to the competence needs of companies. The hope is that companies and civic organisations will become more aware of the necessity of the education being offered. Increasing cooperation is among the future plans of the master’s degree programme and its education. Cooperation with both domestic and international operators is being planned.

At the Faculty of Information Technology, the programme’s courses include studies seldom Martti J. Kari and Panu Moilanen →

“The current need for cyber security experts is over four million employees globally, and the number is growing all the time. Education investments should grow significantly to get the situation under control. In Finland, the expertise deficit is growing as companies and the public sector need more top-level experts in the field. Finland’s recent cyber security strategy recognises the need to ensure high-level research and education in cyber security.” Martti Lehto | PROFESSOR OF PRACTICE

JYU FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Kaisa Miettinen

Open source code promotes research Growth in the number of degrees The faculty had 366 completed degrees in 2019 – more than one per each day of the year. Because there is a continuous lack of experts in the field of IT, some students are employed already before their graduation. This has led nationally to a lower graduation rate of IT students. “It is a positive sign that our students are employed easily,” says Dean Pasi Tyrväinen. “The growing numbers of degrees also show that the degree is valued and people return to complete their studies regardless of the pull to the world of work.”

Kaisa Miettinen, professor of industrial optimisation, has developed, together with her research group, methods for the simultaneous optimisation of conflicting objectives. However, when developing software suitable for multiobjective optimisation – in other words, searching for the best possible compromise – a new problem arose: who can you give the code to? In the DESDEO project, started in 2015, a decision was made to use open source code in software development, so that copyright limitations would not slow down scientific development. Therefore, at the end of the project in August 2019, the open source software framework DESDEO was available and further developers could be found all over the world in addition to the research group. The DAEMON project, which received over €590,000 in funding from the Academy of Finland, continues where DESDEO left off. “You cannot see the full scope and needs until you have done and learned

something”, Miettinen says. “In the next version, users’ needs can be acknowledged better.” Now the DESDEO framework will be expanded to solve data-based problems in addition to simulationbased problems. The study utilises, for example, the methods of machine learning. One goal of the researchers is to increase the usability of the software framework by increasing the calculation speed. “We are developing especially interactive methods, in which the decision-maker’s preferences steer the search of the best compromise,” Miettinen says. “Therefore, in addition to method development, we will also focus on user interfaces and visualisations.” The DAEMON (Data-driven Decision Support with Multiobjective Optimization) project will continue until the end of August 2023. desdeo.it.jyu.fi

Top-quality research in information systems science Research in information systems science at the University of Jyväskylä is at the highest European level. JYU was ranked second in the research listing of AIS, the leading organisation in the field. The ranking is based on publications in four of the most highly valued journals in the past three years. “This is the result of long-term work to develop research in information systems science at the faculty,” says Professor Tuure Tuunanen. In the global ranking, the University of Jyväskylä finished 26.

JYU joins the FITech Network University The University of Jyväskylä joins FITech, the technology education network of Finnish universities. Teaching at the Faculty of Information Technology at the University of Jyväskylä is a good fit for the FITech project, which is looking to offer part of the university’s information technology studies for free to all who are interested. “In return, the offering of other FITech universities supplements the education we offer at the University of Jyväskylä,” says Rector Keijo Hämäläinen. “Thanks to our participation, FITech is also able to better serve the industrial companies of Central Finland in their technology competence needs.”

JYU FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY

COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING AND INTERACTION IN FOCUS

A strong theme in the research of the Faculty of Education and Psychology is interactive learning and its neural basis. Skills for collaborative problem-solving and online reading are important in studying, at work, and in leisure time.

← Minna Ruoranen, Raija Hämäläinen and Teuvo Antikainen

JYU FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY

“Our key strengths are our research and our education, which is helping to reform society and redefine teachership. Our focus areas include wellbeing; interaction; inclusion and the use of technology in school, early childhood education, and at work; learners’ developing brains; leadership; and the challenges of continuous learning.” Anna-Maija Poikkeus | DEAN

The Centre for Research on Learning and Teaching (CLT), which began as a profiling project of the Academy of Finland, continues its wide-ranging cooperation under the MultiLeTe 2 profiling action. It deals with a wide range of different disciplines and their methodological issues. The CoPSOI project investigates sixth-year pupils’ processes of collaborative problem-solving and online reading on three levels. At first, problems were solved on a computer with an anonymous partner. About 250 pupils have participated in problem solving in the classroom environment. Additionally, in studies with individual subjects, eye movement measurements are used in order to find out what catches the participants’ attention on the screen during a task. Studies with individual subjects, which also include brain activity measurements, involve about 80 pupils. CoPSOI is a joint project funded by the Academy of Finland. The project is led by Professor Paavo Leppänen, Department of Psychology, and Professor Päivi Häkkinen from FIER. RESEARCH ADDRESSES TECHNO-STRESS AT THE WORKPLACE Professor Raija Hämäläinen leads the Well@ DigiWork project, which is financed by the Finnish Work Environment Fund and promotes collaborative problem-solving and wellbeing. In this project, the researchers develop solutions for the workplace in support of digital skills and wellbeing. The project involves seven partner companies and two health care districts.

The results show that there is great variation in the skills of employees, particularly in those under the age of 40. The project yields new information in support of digital work and for further development of work from the perspective of competence and occupational wellbeing. DYSLEXIA FOLLOW-UP SCHEME UNIQUE IN ITS SCOPE The Neo-PRISM-C project, funded through the EU Marie Curie Network, continues the world’s longest follow-up scheme in this field, as part of the longitudinal study of dyslexia in Jyväskylä. The network includes researchers from the departments of Education, Teacher Education, and Psychology. The project funds have enabled the hiring of four doctoral students for JYU, one of whom works at the Niilo Mäki Institute. The adult participants of this longitudinal study project have now been invited to be surveyed once again in order to find out how their difficulties in childhood have affected them and whether these difficulties relate, for example, to brain activation in adulthood.

← Paavo Leppänen

JYU FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY

How do employees regulate their wellbeing? Being in a hurry, increased independent decision-making as well as growing demands for skills, knowledge and learning are typical of work today. The IJDFIN study deals with the management of intensified job demands through self-regulative resources and investigates, in different occupational and age groups, new kinds of working life demands that also have an impact on management practices. IJD is a large four-year joint project funded by the Academy of Finland. It is conducted by WOPC, the expert consortium of work and organisation psychology of the universities of Tampere and Jyväskylä. The project is led by Professor Taru Feldt in Jyväskylä and Professor Saija Mauno in Tampere, and it is scheduled to last until autumn 2021. The IJD project involves several international partners.

The findings show that demands for increased efficiency and a wider range of work tasks are connected to burnout and decreased work performance. Yet they also show that the intensification can be inspiring. The project examines the psychological means of control by which individuals regulate their own wellbeing.

↑ Taru Feldt

Teacher education heading for a joint application system In the revised joint application system for teacher education, applicants will take an aptitude test that enables them to apply for several universities as well as for different teacher education programmes within these. The OVET (DOORS) project funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture has contributed to the planning of this reform. The project is coordinated by the University of Turku and involves all universities with a teacher-training unit. “In the development work, we have taken the research-based orientation into account. Fair treatment of applicants and smooth progress of selection processes were our guiding principles,” says Senior Researcher Riitta-Leena Metsäpelto.

The OVET project has designed a process model for teacher competencies that recognises essential skills and knowledge and helps define the competencies required for admission. Metsäpelto has chaired the subproject developing the model. As routes to the aptitude test stage for degree studies in education, a national admission test (VAKAVA) will be retained alongside certificatebased selection. ↑ Riitta-Leena Metsäpelto

TEACHER TRAINING BEING REFORMED The ULA project (Creative Expertise) is transforming teachers’ pre- and in-service training in content and structure. To support team learning and professional development, ULA applies methods and practices based on systems thinking and research knowledge. www.uuttaluova.fi

What did I learn at school today? The assessment practices of day care centres and schools should support children’s and adolescents’ inclusion and learning processes. Studies, however, show, a lack of daily interactive assessment and feedback, shortcomings in pedagogical dialogue as well as in assessing and monitoring the needs for individual support. The OPA development project for teacher training (2018–2021) focuses on teachers’ assessment competence

videos and self-assessment. Second, the assessment of the effectiveness of pedagogical support is enhanced by

in promoting learning, inclusion and support. The aim is to develop assessment and interaction culture in day care centres and schools in two ways.

means of a so-called support–response model. In addition, digital tools to support the assessment culture are developed in the Peda.net environment.

First, teacher students and in-service teachers collaboratively use a researchbased approach to develop competencies for interactive assessment by means of

OPA is a joint project of the universities of Jyväskylä, Turku, Helsinki, and Eastern Finland.

HOW DO PEOPLE REMEMBER? Docents Markku Penttonen and Miriam Nokia are leading the Academy of Finland project “Dentate gyrus – the gateway to memory?” The project is part of the university’s profiling area on interdisciplinary brain research. It is scheduled to last until September 2022. The research team is interested in finding out how the process of memorisation is controlled and how the learning of new things is enabled.

JYU SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

AT THE FOREFRONT OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS

New international quality accreditation continues the JSBEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s systematic work in the field of responsible business.

JYU SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

JSBE was among the world’s first schools of economics and business administration to pay attention to responsibility and integrity in its operations. Membership in and the accreditation of responsibility-focused Business Graduates Association (BGA) demonstrate that education and research in responsible business are at a worldclass level in Jyväskylä. The roots of research in ethically sustainable business at the University of Jyväskylä reach back to the early 1980s when individual researchers highlighted the issue. In addition to plain profitmaking in business, other values were also taken into consideration in research. “At the beginning of the 1990s, the ideas of individual researchers were compiled into a single package, leading to the launch of the Master’s Degree Programme in Corporate Environmental Management in 1995,” says Hanna-Leena Pesonen, professor of corporate environmental management, when describing the early days of the programme. “Soon we decided to change the programme language to English, because the topic is extremely global. We were one of the first universities in the world to offer this type of programme.” GUARANTEED QUALITY Accreditations are systems that monitor the quality of schools of economics and business administration. In an accreditation, external experts comprehensively review all activities of an institution, such as research, education and recruitment. After a successful review, the school is granted an accreditation, a quality label to indicate that the school fulfils the organisation’s standards. JSBE already had the AMBA and AACSB accreditations, and it was among the first schools to join the Business Graduates Association, established in 2019.

“We were already members of AMBA, a sister organisation of BGA, so it was natural to join BGA too,” says Pesonen. “When BGA offered an opportunity to be accredited among the first universities in the world, we didn’t need to think twice.” BGA highlights responsibility in its accreditation. During their visit to Agora in autumn 2019, the corporate environmental management programme became a specific review target of the experts. “We were the fourth university in the world to receive the BGA accreditation,” Pesonen says with a smile. “This is a natural next step in JSBE’s goal to be a trendsetter in responsible business.” WORK FOR RESPONSIBILITY CONTINUES The BGA accreditation is the third accreditation to supplement JSBE’s quality label. The last time JYU celebrated in the same way was at the end of 2018 when AACSB, the most respected organisation providing accreditation in economics and business administration, granted its quality label to the university. “In the field of economics and business administration, accreditations have become important signs of quality,” says Professor Pesonen. “Accreditations make you stand out from the thousands of institutions that offer studies in the field, and they are especially significant internationally. We are happy to get this feather in our cap and hope to continue working so that the quality and responsibility of economics and business administration at JYU will continue at the highest international level.”

Tiina Onkila and Hanna-Leena Pesonen →

“Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics is a great example of a school that is aligned with BGA’s principles, with its clear commitment to the teaching of responsible management. I look forward to working with everyone at the school to promote the global movement for responsible management, positive impact and lifelong learning.” Andrew Main Wilson | CEO, BUSINESS GRADUATES ASSOCIATION

JYU SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

Proposal to give up domestic flights raises discussion The carbon dioxide emissions of short flights of less than 400 kilometres may be even 18-fold in comparison to driving the same distance by car. The difference is even greater when the option is public transport. In his research paper “Replacing short-haul flights with land-based transportation modes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: the case of Finland”, Stefan Baumeister, a postdoctoral researcher in corporate environmental management, proposed stopping short-haul domestic flights in Finland completely. “To stop climate change, we need concrete practical actions, and my study suggests one,” says Baumeister. After its publication, the article generated plenty of interest in the media and among the public. The comments sections of social media channels were filled with opinions for and against. Based on the interest in the article, Stefan was named an expert in Finnish government negotiations and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency. Baumeister welcomes discussion about the topic.

Stefan Baumeister

“Lively discussion is clearly a sign that the matter is relevant,” he says. “I encourage all researchers to participate in societal discussion with their research input.”

SUCCESS IN PROFESSOR RANKING In a study from the University of Turku, professors from different disciplines were ranked based on publications in scientific quality journals. The University of Jyväskylä was represented excellently, with 12 professors from JYU included in the top ten lists of different fields. Four of the professors came from JSBE. The highest was Petri Böckerman, professor of health economics, who ranked second in his discipline.

INSIGHT INTO THE REASONS BEHIND THE END OF NOKIA’S MOBILE PHONE BUSINESS

Sports alongside studies in business and economics The University of Jyväskylä is known as the home of the country’s only faculty of sport and health sciences, and the city as the sports capital of Finland. In addition to the acclaimed sports faculty, combining studies with top-level sports succeeds at JSBE as well. The Universiade is a biennial international multi-sport event for student athletes. At the 2019 Universiade in Naples, JSBE was represented by swimmer Susanne Hirvonen. A flexible study calendar, meaningful studies and a location close to a swimming hall has made combining sports and studies easy and rewarding. The medal collection of JSBE students was supplemented at the end of the year, as Katariina Kurikko won her third World Ringette Championship in Canada. Kurikko, who was named best player in the first finals match, praises

JSBE for the flexibility to combine sports and studies. “Jyväskylä offers excellent opportunities for physical activity in the immediate vicinity of the university, and the school’s attitude towards practising on ice with the team in another town was positive,” says Kurikko, who studies in the Master’s Degree Programme in Digital Marketing and Corporate Communication.

Nokia’s difficulties to compete with the Android operating system and Apple’s iPhone were mainly caused by having a short time window and difficulties to focus resources on the development of a competitive phone. This finding emerged in a study by Juha-Antti Lamberg and Mirva Peltoniemi about the end of Nokia’s mobile phone business at the start of the 2010s. The study rapidly became one of the all-time most read articles in Business History, the top journal of economic history.

18 YEARS, 100 PUBLICATIONS Professor of Marketing Heikki Karjaluoto finished his hundredth peer-reviewed journal publication in May. The article examined sports sponsoring, with a special focus on the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2017 in Lahti. Karjaluoto published his first peerreviewed journal article in 2001. In addition to journal publications, he has also published numerous conference papers and book chapters.

JYU FACULTY OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCES

DO I MOVE BECAUSE I LIVE OR LIVE BECAUSE I MOVE?

Are older persons physically active because they are not chronically ill or otherwise weak, or are they healthy because they are active? This cause and effect relationship has for some time been a subject of study in sports research.

JYU FACULTY OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCES

After hearing from a colleague about a nematode study published in Nature in 2002, Academy Research Fellow Timo Rantalainen started to intensely study the relationship between physical exercise and lifetime from a new perspective. All nematodes have similar genes and their life expectancy is about twenty days. Though some of these roundworms may die after 16 days, others may survive for 30. The research found that the more the worms moved, the more lifetime they had left. Before death, the worms became completely motionless.

down when the person is asked to walk and simultaneously perform a task that requires mental effort, such as counting backwards or saying words that start with a certain letter. Human brains have a limited processing capacity, and walking uses part of it. Walking changes when we try to use the same capacity for a mental task.

“For nematodes, it seemed that they moved because they were still healthy, not the other way round,” says Timo Rantalainen.

“For young people, changes in walking and its pace are only modest, but for older persons the impact of talking is clearly more distinct,” Rantalainen says. “Especially if the cognitive functionality of the person has already weakened slightly, the additional task may affect walking considerably.”

Rantalainen received a five-year research grant from the Academy of Finland in 2019. The Bodily movement and sustaining quality of life in old age study examines physical activity as an indicator of a person’s condition or how many healthy years a person will have in life. “We are studying the connection between current physical activity and the experienced quality of life,” Rantalainen says. When asked where we need this information and how we can we use it, Rantalainen gives an example. Before a physical examination, a person is requested to carry a physical activity monitor for a week, or the data are retrieved from the person’s own activity monitor. “If the results show that a person has been very inactive, we have a reason to be worried,” Rantalainen says. “Without interventions, that person could be at a great risk to end up in sheltered housing. Thus, the amount of physical activity could be used as a biomarker of the person’s current state.”

Based on this change, we can forecast who will be at a high risk of falling in the future. The extent of the change can also predict the weakening of cognitive functionality. Doing two things at the same time is a way to foresee difficulties already before noticeable changes in the functional capacity. In Rantalainen’s research, the concept is taken further by studying walking with wearable acceleration sensors in daily life instead of a laboratory. “We know that for aged persons with Parkinson’s it is possible to predict falling by monitoring daily walking,” Rantalainen explains. “Now we start to look in more detail how the quality of walking is connected to the quality of life, functional capacity and cognitive functionality.” The purpose of Rantalainen’s study is to offer an additional indicator for decisions on what kind of preventive actions could be recommended for older individuals already before noticeable weakening of functional capacity.

BY OBSERVING WALKING, IT IS POSSIBLE TO FORECAST THE RISK OF FALLING The second focus area of the project is related to walking. In laboratory conditions, walking slows

Timo Rantalainen →

“Timo Rantalainen’s project has a fresh perspective on research in the physical activity and walking of older persons. The project has also paid attention to the view of the clinical care of aged persons, which is important for the use of results. These results can be used both to promote the functional capacity and the quality of life for older individuals who are healthy or weaker in health.” Sarianna Sipilä | VICE DEAN, PROFESSOR

The Gerontology Research Center (GEREC) is a collaborative effort in research on ageing and society, run jointly by the University of Jyväskylä and Tampere University. GEREC provides high-quality research related to ageing. It participates in educating experts for ageing research and in societal discussion and decision-making related to ageing. In Jyväskylä, GEREC operations are coordinated by the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences. GEREC is led by Research Director Katja Kokko from the University of Jyväskylä. www.gerec.fi

JYU FACULTY OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCES

International advisory board supports strategy work The strategy work of the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences continued in 2019. The faculty management team had already earlier recognised a need for external assessment and discussion assistance. As a result, an international advisory board was established. The members of the board, professors Mary O’Sullivan and Colin Boreham from Ireland and Lars Tore Ronglan from Norway, visited the faculty at the end of October 2019. In their reports, the visitors praised the faculty’s laboratory facilities, enthusiastic and competent staff as well as high-quality teaching and research. The faculty has a good reputation abroad and it is considered to have excellent potential. The experts encouraged the faculty to engage in bold policymaking and multidisciplinary research. “Could subjects be united as themes or operating areas, to avoid a silo effect of students?” the board asked. “The visit was very fruitful and gave us a lot to think about,” says Dean Ari Heinonen. We must have an inspiring common goal that encourages the whole staff to work collectively.” The strategy work of the faculty will be put into practice in 2020. “We must be ready for changes and have a positive attitude towards challenges. We must also have readiness to change when necessary. We need to study and teach those issues and tasks for which experts in sport and health sciences are needed.”

Physical activity often starts to decrease as early as age seven Children’s physical activity often starts to decrease right from the start of school. On the other hand, some adults are able to increase their physical activity, even though overall activity mainly decreases as one ages. The share of people with reduced physical activity was especially large in childhood and adolescence. The level of physical activity started to decrease already during the first years of school among both active and inactive children. “However, it seems that the activity level of those who decreased their physical activity reaches the level of inactive persons as late as at midlife or retirement age,” says Irinja Lounassalo, a doctoral student from the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences. “Physical activity in childhood may be important for health and wellbeing, because it may

postpone the moment when the lifestyle becomes more passive.” An inactive lifestyle was more lasting than an active one, and the proportion of inactive persons was relatively large in all age periods. The proportion increased along with age. On the other hand, groups of individuals who increased their physical activity were observed among both adults and aging persons. “Based on the results, it would be essential to focus on the prevention of decrease in physical activity right from the age of seven onwards by supporting schools, families and sports clubs,” Lounassalo recommends. “It would also be important to build up local opportunities for physical activity and invest in safe walkways and bicycle lanes that would support children’s spontaneous physical activity.”

Small children’s use of digital devices studied A study on screen media use among preschool children (Syntyjäänkö diginatiivi?) started in October 2019. It gathers information from the parents of children from all over Finland to determine the connections between the use of digital devices and physical exercise among children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. The research examines the reasons for using different digital devices among children at different ages. In addition, the perceptions and concerns of parents are also being examined regarding the impact of screen media use on children’s physical activity, health and wellbeing. The study will also compare the screen time of Finnish children to existing international recommendations.

Award for the congress on motor learning difficulties The 13th International Conference on Developmental Coordination Disorder DCD13 dealt with motor learning difficulties. It was arranged in Jyväskylä on 5–8 June and gathered over 300 participants from 25 countries. The main responsibility for the congress was carried by the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and the Faculty of Education and Psychology. Several partners participated in the arrangements. In accordance with the theme Bridging the Disciplines, the conference linked different fields of science to the theme of motor learning. Participants had a chance to visit the Valteri School Onerva of the national Valteri Centre for Learning and Consulting and the University’s Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research CIBR. The visits received a lot of positive feedback for

acknowledging practical work as part of a scientific conference. The Jyväskylä Convention Bureau recognised the congress organisers in January 2020 for their excellent cooperation with different actors and for highlighting Jyväskylä as a diverse learning environment.

JYU FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE

“SITTING DOWN ALONE TO THINK IS NOT THE WAY TO START STRATEGY WORK”

The faculty’s new strategy sets clear goals for research and teaching, but it also leaves room for surprising new ideas. The strategy also provides meters for monitoring the success of the strategy.

← The basic courses in the Department of Physics follow the time-tested primetime learning model, which includes a “teacher hour” once a week to support the work of small groups.

JYU FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE

STRATEGIC TARGETS We conduct research and provide education with initiative and ambition. We train experts for the changing needs of the labour market by utilising highquality pedagogy as well as modern facilities, methods and technologies. We value teaching and offer teachers meaningful opportunities to develop their work and identity. Our impact is based on reliable, researchbased knowledge that is broadly used in research in Finland as well as internationally.

“How you start strategy work has a clear impact on the end result,” says Dean Mikko Mönkkönen. The Faculty of Mathematics and Science released its new strategy in 2019. “It’s never any use to sit down alone and start to create a strategy by yourself!” says Mikko Mönkkönen, professor in applied ecology, who started as the dean of the faculty in 2018. “It is better to discuss it with people from different places.” The faculty is the university’s most international and, increasingly, multidisciplinary in its research. Under the title Together to new heights, the strategy will guide research and teaching in five core research areas in the years to come: evolution research, resource wisdom of natural resources, mathematical analysis, multidisciplinary nanoscience, and subatomic physics. “The strategy clearly states our values, strategic goals and ways to operate,” Mönkkönen says. “Based on our core research areas, we steer our activities and research, recruit experts and invest in the infrastructure.” Mikko Mönkkönen says it is common that strategy work has negative connotations for some. “The thinking often goes that the aim is to have a strategy document to put into a drawer until the next strategy round,” he says. “It is good to be critical, but personally I think that strategy work changed our working methods in a good way and increased continuing discussion. The whole strategy process became as important as the end results. We worked by discussing, exchanging ideas, searching for background information and in workshops.”

programme by the faculty’s vice dean Professor Maija Nissinen, the facility and infrastructure programme by Mikko Mönkkönen and the research funding programme by the vice dean Professor Ari Jokinen. In addition to the faculty strategy, the aim was also to find strategies for the core research areas. They will be finalised this year. The strategy will guide the faculty until 2030. The new strategy makes room for new ideas as well. “It is important that a strategy makes people participate,” says Mönkkönen. “We have selected meters for monitoring how well the targets are achieved. For example, we follow the employment of students, the completion of degrees and how efficiently equipment is used in the faculty. If conditions change, the strategy targets can be changed.” Mönkkönen explains that there is an increasing need in society for knowledge based on research in the natural sciences: “The need is driven by the development of materials and technology as well as the change of environment and society. The natural scientists and mathematicians of our faculty solve global problems. Research helps prevent climate change and retain biodiversity. It responds to challenges related to the increasing need for and recovery of renewable and non-renewable natural resources.”

To put the strategy work into practice, five development programmes were created, and targets and intermediate goals were set for the programmes. The development programmes for internationalisation and recruitment were led by Professor Paul Greenlees, the education

“It is good to include a wide range of colleagues in the discussion right from the beginning of strategy work,” says Dean Mikko Mönkkönen, who led strategy work at the faculty. →

JYU FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE

Nanoresearcher in search of a quantum computer ↑ Petra Vasko

An aluminium compound breaks benzene in a sensational reaction Postdoctoral Researcher Petra Vasko and her collaboration team succeeded to do something nobody had done before in a laboratory. Researchers at the universities of Jyväskylä and Oxford demonstrated that benzene, an important raw material of petrochemistry, can be opened and the intermediate products of the reaction isolated using an aluminium compound. Demonstrating the reaction was an important milestone because the ability to transform chemically very stable benzene into more complex compounds may revolutionise industrial processes. “If benzene can be opened this way, industry could remove some reaction phases, for example,” Vasko says. “It would simplify the synthesis routes and even create new mechanisms to create complex and useful compounds. The final goal would be to make the reaction catalytic.” The research group’s findings were published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019 and the annual summary noted the reaction as

“sensational” in the field of chemistry. The very stable carbon–carbon bond (C–C) reacts with an aluminium compound even at room temperature. As a result, one carbon bond of benzene breaks and aluminium binds to two carbons of benzene and forms a sevenmembered ring. The chemical experiments of the study were conducted at the University of Oxford and the calculation work that clarified the reaction mechanism at the University of Jyväskylä. Petra Vasko was lucky to be on a researcher exchange in Oxford when the groundbreaking reaction was verified in the laboratory. “It felt fantastic when my colleague fetched me to see what kind of a crystal structure we had been able to define from the reaction product,” Vasko says. Work with the aluminium compound continues at the universities of Jyväskylä and Oxford. Together with the Oxford team, Vasko is working to determine the reactivity of the aluminium compound with other small molecules.

Juha Muhonen, an associate professor and academy research fellow, develops silicon-based quantum technologies needed in quantum computers. “Because silicon is a basic material of all current electronics, it would be easy to integrate silicon-based quantum components into current electronics and also photonics. The development of quantum sensors and quantum computer components supports basic research in quantum mechanics,” says Muhonen, who works at the Department of Physics and the Nanoscience Center (NSC). He received 1.6 million euros of extremely competitive ERC Starting Grant funding from the European Research Council. With the funding, Muhonen’s research group will implement a new type of hybrid platform that enables quantum components to be connected. On the platform, components are united to nanooptomechanical structures. “Once created, a hybrid platform will be a breakthrough in largescale utilisation of silicon quantum technologies,” Muhonen says. “Even though the operability of individual quantum components in silicon has been verified, there are currently no widely functional solutions for connecting them.”

↑ Cliona Shakespeare, Teemu Loippo and Juha Muhonen (right)

Frogs with weaker defences survive alongside stronger individuals Poison dart frogs with a weak ability to defend themselves survive from predators alongside stronger frogs. An international joint research project provided new knowledge on the conservation of diversity in nature. Many poisonous species signal their toxicity with a warning coloration. The dyeing poison dart frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) in French Guinea has yellow stripes that keep predators away. In some frogs, the stripes are white. The research showed that frogs with a weaker signal, in this case white stripes, also survive thanks to their stronger fellow creatures. “Experiments in the wild as well as in the laboratory showed that predator birds learned quickly to avoid yellow frogs even though the frogs in the experiment had the same level of toxicity,” says Bibiana Rojas from the Department of Biological and Environmental Science. “Predators did not learn to avoid white frogs as easily but avoided touching the frogs

if they had prior experience of yellow frogs. The predators generalised their caution to white frogs.” The study was led by the University of Jyväskylä and published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science PNAS in September 2019. The study also provided new information on the research of toxicity. In the study, researchers isolated skin secretions of frogs and tested how birds reacted to them. “Thanks to new methods, we can reject the original hypothesis that yellow individuals would rely on colour and white ones on venom for defence,” says Rojas.

↑ Bibiana Rojas

JYU FINNISH INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH (FIER)

Finnish Institute for Educational Research – much more than just PISA PISA assessments, like all other international assessments conducted by FIER, provide comprehensive information about youth’s skills and knowledge and related factors. The research results are used extensively in educational policymaking, teacher training, and as part of social debates in general.

New information about young people’s multiliteracy and computational thinking The results of the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS 2018), published In November 2019, provided new insights into young people’s competencies in Finland. ICILS is the first large-scale international study exploring young people’s skills in information management and production by means of information technology as well as their computational thinking skills. Finnish eighth-graders were among the top performers in multiliteracy tests and in the assessment domain of computational thinking. In Finland, the study was conducted by FIER in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and Culture. In Finland, a third of the students reached the excellent proficiency level in multiliteracy and a fifth in

computational thinking. However, the results also revealed that over a fourth of the students did poorly in both of these areas. These students’ skills are insufficient for searching, processing and producing information so that they could succeed in further studies and in working life. An internationally exceptional finding was that in Finland girls did better, on average, than boys in computational thinking tests. This gives a strong message to encourage girls to go increasingly for technological occupations. Finnish girls outperformed boys also in multiliteracy.

↑ Students in class at the University of Jyväskylä Teacher Training School.

Teachers are satisfied with their work, but in-service training needs development The Teaching and Learning International Survey 2018 (TALIS) examined the views of teachers and principals on their own professional development, school’s working atmosphere and management as well as on the effects of these on teaching and learning. Finland participated in this OECD-led survey among nearly 50 other countries. In Finland, the survey involved lower secondary schools and it was coordinated by FIER. The TALIS 2018 results released in June 2019 showed that in Finland teachers are more satisfied with their profession than teachers in the other participating countries are. The positive aspects of teachership outweigh the negative ones. In-service training should be more sensitive to the variation of teachers’ educational needs during their work careers. In the future, in-service training will be based more strongly than it currently is on the development of work communities, so that teachers’ different competencies will complement each other in line with the goals of the communities. This calls for conscious long-term development of teachers’ professional competencies.

Photo: Martti Minkkinen.

↑ Screenshot from the PISA 18 release event on 3 December 2019 / MinEdu. In the picture: Arto K. Ahonen, Minister of Education Li Andersson, and Kaisa Leino.

Peer-group mentoring in support of professional development and wellbeing in the field of education The national Verme network coordinated by FIER is engaged in developing a method based on peer mentoring in order to support the professional development and occupational wellbeing of people working in the field of education. The leading idea in peer-group mentoring is that in this field all participants can learn from each other. While the method is designed for all education professionals, in the latest Verme2 project it was applied to other close fields as well, such as youth work. Verme has received national and international recognition, and the network has produced more than 200 scientific publications or conference papers. Based on the network’s operations, it is possible to build a national system where the roles for different operators are defined drawing on prior research and development work and existing networks.

PISA 2018: Finnish student performance on a high level In December 2019, the latest PISA results were released, reporting on 15-yearolds’ performance in the assessment domains of reading literacy, mathematics, and science. PISA 2018 was the seventh PISA round, and the third one with reading literacy as the main assessment domain. Altogether, 79 countries or regions participated in this round. In Finland, the study was conducted by the research consortium of FIER and the Centre for Educational Assessment (CEA) at the University of Helsinki, as commissioned by the Ministry of Education and Culture. “For almost twenty years, Finland has been one of the top countries in reading literacy,” says Arto Ahonen, the National Programme Manager. “The proportion of excellent readers has remained on a good level and the differences between schools are among the smallest in the world. Finnish students also belonged to the rare group where high performance was combined with experienced satisfaction with their life. Student performance was still of a high standard in science as well, even if the trend has continued declining.

In contrast, the Finnish results in mathematics leave much room for improvement.” The study also identified issues that would call for attention in education and education policy as well as more widely in society. Longitudinal analysis reveals that the performance levels have declined in all assessment domains, which can be seen in, for example, the growing proportions of low performers. Hence, between-student variation has increased. Student performance seems to be more strongly connected to the socioeconomic background of home and support received from home. In reading literacy, the only explanatory factors more significant than home background had to do with attitudes and learning difficulties: a positive attitude toward reading and active engagement in reading were still typical characteristics of the best readers.

JYU OPEN SCIENCE CENTRE

To the highest level of openness The library services of JYU Open Science Centre were temporarily relocated in spring 2019 until the comprehensive renovation of the Main Library Building is finished. Library service desks and a part of the printed collections were moved to the campus libraries in Mattilanniemi and Ylistönrinne. Working space for students was arranged in the Aalto Library. Our large deposit copy collection was placed in the collection centre in Kanavuori, from where customers can easily request materials for use. When the renovation of the main library building at Seminaarinmäki is completed in autumn 2021, the University Library will be only one of its occupants. A modern scientific library is no longer strictly tied to a physical location, anyway. Its services pervade the daily activities of the academic community irrespective of time and space, from degree students to experienced scholars. Science is progressing determinedly toward openness. The Open Science Centre, consisting of the University Museum and Library, supports the adoption of openness as a culture at the University of Jyväskylä. It aims to make

openness a permanent and common element of research skills and academic activities. The Centre makes research publications, research data, learning materials as well as the University Museum’s significant natural-history and cultural-history materials as accessible as possible. In 2019, the Library adopted the KOHA library system based on open source code. Openness makes participation in research activities possible for a larger group of researchers. At the same time, policymakers and citizens regardless of age gain more direct access to research knowledge and even unique sets of data. The University of Jyväskylä has already achieved the highest maturity level in the review of open science culture by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Of the peer-reviewed publications at the University of Jyväskylä in 2019, more than 80% are open-access publications.

“We have shown that determined work for the promotion of open science yields positive results. The biggest thanks go to the researchers and teachers of the University of Jyväskylä, with whom we have the pleasure to work for the openness, visibility, and effectiveness of science. I believe that in the future openness will also significantly increase collaboration and networking among researchers.” Irene Ylönen | SERVICE MANAGER, OPEN SCIENCE CENTRE

JYU MOVI

Movi is the next-generation university language centre In June 2019, the University Language Centre became Movi, short for the Centre for Multilingual Academic Communication. With this transformation, Movi continues to meet the educational challenges of the future. The name change and transformation were prepared for over a year in collaboration with the university management, staff and interest groups. The University Board confirmed the new name in May 2019, stating that it describes Movi’s larger role in the university’s teaching and development work. Movi’s multilingual teaching modules, in particular, are unique nationally and internationally. The name “Language Centre” brings to mind the 1970s, reflecting a world that no longer exists. The idea of language centres as units in charge of the language studies included in university degrees comes originally from the University of Jyväskylä. In the mid-1970s, language centres were established at different universities and a network of these centres expanded rapidly.

“The change from the Language Centre to Movi is a natural step for JYU as a trendsetter in language teaching and learning,” says Peppi Taalas, the director of Movi. “The new name better corresponds to our current activities and the type of teaching we look to provide.” Movi designs and implements researchbased development activities on teaching, guidance, and learning environments for communication and languages. New initiatives have been made in several areas, such as the development of academic study paths for immigrants with higher education (INTEGRA), the use of care and reading dogs to enhance the wellbeing and learning ability of students (Knowhau), and the research on academic multilingual expertise (AAKE). Development work on the

internationalisation of degrees and qualifications is a pivotal part of Movi's activities. The Movi staff work in close cooperation with all departments and contribute to the development of degrees. Movi also provides training for JYU staff members. “In traditional ways of thinking and working, languages are seen as separate sets of studies,” says Taalas. “Our approach to communication and language studies is different in both how we conceive of languages and in how we work. Convincingly communicating academic expertise requires not only language skills but also more versatile, broad-based competence. This calls for diverse development of interaction skills.”

AT THE HEART OF JYU'S STRATEGY According to the objectives of the new JYU strategy, the university works to promote wellbeing and wisdom in society. As part of the strategy, the Education development programme aims at the holistic development of students and graduates. “Versatile interaction and language skills along with cultural awareness are at the heart of the programme’s objectives. Movi has an important role in developing these skills and thereby in improving the quality of our degree programmes,” says Professor Marja-Leena Laakso, vice rector responsible for education.

JYU OPEN UNIVERSITY

The open university path leads to opportunities The Open University enables continuous learning and is open for all in different phases of life and career. Anyone can enrol for studies without earlier education requirements. The open university path is a way to apply for a degree programme based on open university studies. The Open University offers education in compliance with the curricula of JYU faculties. Whether you are employed, between jobs or aspiring to degree studies, the education is available to you. The University of Jyväskylä is a strong developer and trailblazer of the open university path to higher education. From 2018, the path has been developed as a collaboration among 11 universities in the Alternative Path to University (TRY) project, which is coordinated by the University of Jyväskylä. Along with the project work, both awareness of the open university path and its practical implementations have developed in Finland. The project will continue until the end of 2020. OPEN UNIVERSITY PATH TO THE UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ The number of study places available via the open university path grew significantly in 2019 in comparison to previous years. The University of Jyväskylä already has 32 open university paths to both bachelor’s and master’s degree programmes. The admission criteria of the paths have been developed in a student-oriented way to make the open university path a viable option for an increasing number of applicants. In 2020, the share of students admitted from the open university path will be between 14 and 24 percent of the JYU study options with an open university path. The highest number is at JSBE, which has 50 degree study places available for applicants on the open university path. The University of Jyväskylä also offers paths through which all who are eligible to apply will get a study place.

“Through the open university path studies, people of different ages and backgrounds have an opportunity to access university studies. According to the TRY project survey in 2019, students who access degree studies through the open university path are often motivated, committed and goal-oriented.” Paula Savela | PROJECT MANAGER, OPEN UNIVERSITY, ALTERNATIVE PATH TO UNIVERSITY PROJECT

16,272 STUDENTS

AROUND

SUBJECTS

23.9%

SHARE OF FINNISH OPEN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

95,203 ECTS CREDITS

JYU KOKKOLA UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM CHYDENIUS

Student needs drive teaching development:

from contact teaching to video-based modular teaching ↑ Mikko Myllymäki presenting the student view of the learning environment.

Short teaching videos comprising a single theme bring more flexibility to the work of learning and teaching. They can make studying easier, improve the quality of learning materials and give the teacher more time for guidance. The students of the master’s degree programme in information technology at Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius are adult students with jobs. Flexible ways of participation in the courses are instrumental for these students. For this reason, all lecturebased teaching has, in addition to being offered as contact teaching, been recorded and made available as real-time and saved videos. The students have been able to choose how they want to attend according to their personal schedules and preferences. An analysis of learning outcomes shows that, due to the higher participation rates enabled by the videos, students who study mainly by means of the lecture videos achieve at least as good or even better results in comparison to their peers who participate more widely in contact teaching. In recent years, students have opted almost totally for the video-based option. For a long time, the teaching videos were produced on the terms of contact teaching, even though most students were no longer participating in contact teaching. The videos used to be as long as traditional lectures, and they contained as many course themes as could be fit into the lecture. The videos were recorded in an auditorium at a fixed time. “We began to reconsider our contact teaching and the possibilities for producing videos better suited to

distance learning,” says Research Coordinator Mikko Myllymäki. “As a consequence, we decided to implement teaching for this degree programme in a new way. We mainly abandoned lectures in contact teaching. Instead, the videobased learning material is produced as short videos, each addressing a single theme area of the course in question.” A teacher can record a video lecture regardless of time or place, be it at the office or on a work trip, using an application on their computer or mobile device. In addition to video-based learning material, the programme takes advantage of an online learning platform. The short, single-theme videos are offered to students through a user interface that resembles a course-specific table of contents. The delivery of the videos is automatic, so the teacher does not have to worry about it. The teacher can also use the application to produce introductory or summary videos related to the course themes or, for example, instructions or model answers for assignments or exercises. The short thematic videos and the new navigation method make it easier for students to find specific course content and grasp the overall theme area. This also helps them sequence their studying and to return to previous topics. From the teacher’s perspective, course scheduling is now more flexible. Videobased learning materials can be produced

prior to the actual implementation of a course, so the teacher has more time for guidance during the course. Preparing for teaching is now also easier, since teachers can create shorter pieces instead of whole lectures. Teaching becomes more thoroughly considered, which improves its quality. Short teaching videos are easier to link to other educational offerings, and it is easier to include exercises or supplementary material. New ways to produce and use videobased learning materials are being designed and assessed at the Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, in the research team led by Professor Ismo Hakala.

101 70 4

EXPERTS

MASTER’S DEGREES / YEAR

DOCTORAL DEGREES / YEAR

14,734

ECTS CREDITS / YEAR THROUGH THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

€7.4 M €4.5 M TOTAL FUNDING

EXTERNAL FUNDING

JYU NEWS UUTISIA 2019 2019

31 JAN 2019 ONLY EVERY THIRD FINNISH CHILD MEETS THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RECOMMENDATIONS

21 JAN 2019

THE FIRST NUCLEOPHILE GOLD COMPLEX

Only one third of children and adolescents meet the recommendation to have at least one hour of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity every day. Activity clearly decreases and immobility increases with age. In 2018, children and adolescents found less meaningful aspects in physical activity than before. These are among the findings of the Physical Activity Behaviours of Children and Adolescents in Finland (LIITU).

Researchers of the University of Oxford and the Department of Chemistry at the University of Jyväskylä have developed a new type of gold compound with an unprecedented nucleophilic reactivity. The research creates opportunities to use gold compounds, for example, as catalysts in completely new kinds of chemical reactions.

12 APR 2019

NEARLY A QUARTER OF COMMUNITYDWELLING OLDER PEOPLE DO NOT GET THE HELP THEY NEED More than 91% of Finns over the age of 75 live at home and most of them cope independently. However, based on a study on assistance for community-dwelling older people, about half of them need help in cleaning and other practical daily activities such as getting outdoors and handling their banking. About 12% to 16% of older people who are in poor health do not get enough help for basic personal activities. This means, for example, that every seventh individual does not receive sufficient help for washing and going to toilet.

29 JAN 2019

TAX REVENUE FROM THOSE UNDER 35 HAS DECREASED SINCE 2000 The earned income of people under 35 has decreased since 2000, with the decrease especially drastic after 2008. Researchers at the Faculty of Information Technology came to this conclusion based on figures from Statistics Finland. The report also examined income development by region and found significant differences between different areas in Finland.

25 MAY 2019

JYU AWARDS NINE HONORARY DOCTORATES

The university’s tenth conferment of degrees ceremony was held on 25 May 2019. The new honorary doctors were nine influential figures in society and science, including Olli-Pekka Heinonen, director general at the Finnish National Agency for Education and Academician, Professor Emeritus Risto Nieminen. A large number of master’s and doctoral degrees were also conferred in the ceremony. Almost 700 people participated in the act of conferment at the university’s main building. For the first time at JYU, honorary titles of riemumaisteri and riemutohtori were awarded to masters and doctors 50 years after the original degree in 1969.

14 FEB 2019

FRIENDSHIP HELPS IN STUDIES AS WELL An adolescent’s close relationships with parents and friends increase school motivation. Urging adolescents to do their homework is not enough to motivate them. A collaborative study by the Department of Psychology at the University of Jyväskylä and the Department of Education at the University of Helsinki has shown that friendship and warm family relations decrease the dropout rate. Strong internal motivation helped young people pursue their education-related goals.

7 JUN 2019

MORE THAN 30,000 OBSERVATIONS FOR A MUSHROOM ATLAS The mushroom atlas project, funded by the Kone Foundation, started in 2016. It currently includes more than 30,000 observations of about 2,200 species. Mushrooms help to estimate the conservation value of several endangered biotopes. Anyone can search and add observations to the atlas. The project is coordinated by the Open Science Centre of the University of Jyväskylä. The observations are available on the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility website at https://laji.fi/en.

5 JUL 2019

RANKING SUCCESS IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES In the Shanghai Global Ranking of Academic Subjects, JYU’s research in education ranked 39th. With the placement, JYU is the best Nordic and the fourth best European higher education institution. In the Shanghai university ranking, JYU placed 501–600. Research in education at JYU did well also in the QS World University Rankings by Subject: education was ranked 101–150, sport and health sciences 51–100 and research in physics 351–400. Three disciplines returned to the list: psychology was ranked 251–300 and humanities and natural sciences 451–500.

INTERNATIONAL TOP LEVEL

The University of Jyväskylä was ranked 501–600 in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings that compares research-intensive universities. RANKINGS BY SUBJECT

⟶ Education 101–125 ⟶ Psychology 176–200 ⟶ Humanities 201–250 ⟶ Social science 201–250 ⟶ Business & economics 251–300 ⟶ Health sciences 401–500 ⟶ Natural sciences 501–600 ⟶ Computer science 501–600. IN THE BEST GLOBAL UNIVERSITIES RANKINGS JYU was ranked 433 , humanities 174. QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS: 346.

16 JUL 2019

THE FIRST LARVAE OF ENDANGERED FRESHWATER PEARL MUSSELS ARE BORN IN THE KONNEVESI RESEARCH STATION 25 JUN 2019

CHILDREN IN THE COUNTRYSIDE HAVE BETTER COMMAND OF MOTOR SKILLS THAN CITY CHILDREN DO According to the Skilled Kids study, children living in the countryside have the best motor skills among children between the ages of 3 and 7. They also spent the most time outdoors after day care. Children in the capital city area participated more in guided physical activity hobbies than others did.

The freshwater pearl mussel populations in Mustionjoki and Ähtävänjoki in southern Finland are shrinking at an alarming rate. The researchers of the Konnevesi research station succeeded in producing the first cultured mussel larvae in the laboratory of the research station for further cultivation. The larvae are descendants of individuals that were taken to the research station for a “mussel honeymoon” in autumn 2016. They had already stopped reproduction in nature but were rehabilitated and started to produce larvae in autumn 2018. 51

JYU NEWS UUTISIA 2019 2019

30 AUG 2019

JYU THE FIRST UNIVERSITY IN FINLAND TO DECLARE A CLIMATE EMERGENCY The University of Jyväskylä became the first Finnish university to sign the Global Climate Emergency Letter with over 8,000 other universities and higher education institutions, committing to the goals of the declaration. According to its strategy, JYU aims to be carbon neutral by 2030.

3 SEP 2019

GRADES OF PHYSICALLY ACTIVE ADOLESCENTS REMAIN HIGHER WHEN GOING FROM PRIMARY SCHOOL TO SECONDARY SCHOOL The grades of adolescents who are physically active remain higher than the grades of their less active peers. However, grades did not improve by increasing exercise. Physical activity and school success may have common characteristics such as the motivation to do things well.

4 OCT 2019

HATE SPEECH REDUCES THE DESIRE TO PARTICIPATE IN POLITICS

27 SEP 2019

RECORD ATTENDANCE: 14,500 VISITORS TO THE EUROPEAN RESEARCHERS’ NIGHT IN JYVÄSKYLÄ

According to a report, a large share of decision-makers in municipalities and parliament have faced hate speech because of their positions of trust or official duties. Two out of three decision-makers also estimate that hate speech has increased in recent years.

Researchers’ Night was held on the last Friday of September. The event offered new experiences, practical research experiments and discussions with enthusiastic scientists. The event in Jyväskylä gathered almost 14,500 visitors. The visitors were interested in experiencing, for example, the bangs made at the Department of Chemistry, the active programme of the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and the Accelerator Laboratory of the Department of Physics.

18 NOV 2019

GUIDELINES FOR EUROPEAN EDUCATION POLICY The Institute of Educational Leadership hosted the first annual conference of European Education Policy Network on Teachers and School Leaders (EEPN).

20 NOV 2019

FINNISH CHILDREN AT THE TOP IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SKILLS IN EUROPE A comparison of material collected in Finland, Belgium and Portugal revealed that Finnish children between 6 and 10 are ahead of their European peers in physical activity skills. The differences in skills increase with age regardless of significant differences in children’s overweight between the countries.

9 NOV 2019

CHILDREN HAVE RIGHTS

16 DEC 2019

DANCE MOVEMENT THERAPY DECREASES DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS

In honour of the 30th anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Department of Education arranged a family event in Ruusupuisto. The event had about 600 participants.

A study at the Department of Psychology showed that a group dance movement therapy intervention, which aims to strengthen the feeling of security in one’s body, is effective in the treatment of depression. In the test group, almost 45% of the subjects benefitted from the intervention through decreased depression symptoms and improved mood. Nobody started to feel worse. In the control group, in which the subjects received regular treatment, the situation remained unchanged for 83% and 14% felt better.

31 DEC 2019

SURPRISE FINDING IN MICROBE COMMUNITY OF HUMUS LAKES – BACTERIA AND ALGAE TURN MICROPLASTICS INTO USEFUL OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS The amount of plastic waste is constantly growing, and microplastics that end up in waterways cause great concern. Researchers have demonstrated that the microbe communities of humus lakes break down the carbon chains of microplastics and even produce useful omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for the use of animal plankton. Lake water microbes also neutralise detrimental substances on the surface of microplastics.

9 DEC 2019

A CHILD’S BRAIN IS MORE THAN THE BRAIN OF A SMALL GROWN-UP A study found children’s brains to have special characteristics that are not visible in the brains of adults. From the perspective of the brain, childhood and adolescence are special because the cerebral nerve networks are sensitively shaped based on interaction.

30 DEC 2019

MALE ATHLETES REPRESENTING A SEXUAL MINORITY SUFFER FROM HARASSMENT The results of the first study focusing on the sexual harassment of athletes and sport participants show that the harassment of teammates and coaches causes mental distress among those belonging to sexual minorities. Especially the mental wellbeing of men is threatened. The results were found in a study at the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences.

JYU 2019 FIGURES

ation y 5,469 564

16%

Applicants Intake

16 4

Applicants Intake

1,920 408

OF APPLICANTS WERE ADMITTED TO JYU

Applicants Intake

18% 21% 9% 10% 11% 28% 26%

Faculty of Information Applicants Technology

1,632 454

Intake

17,124

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics Applicants Intake

399 103

Faculty of Education and Psychology

Faculty of Mathematics and Science

Admission by faculty Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences ............... Faculty of Information Technology.......................... Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics ...................................................................... Faculty of Education and Psychology ......................... Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences.......................... Faculty of Mathematics and Science ...................... Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius ...........

Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius (JYU)

Faculty of Information Technology

Applicants Intake

3,026 289

Applicants Intake

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Applicants Intake

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics

2,536 278

and Social Sciences Applicants Intake

1,942

1,515

Faculty of Information Technology

1,378

1,139

644

619

13%

134

16%

Faculty of Education and Psychology

1,377

1,052

249

15%

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences

509

659

117

15%

413

197

25%

Faculty of Mathematics and Science

1,111 8 1% INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Source: Vipunen

17,124

2,750

APPLICANTS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ 2019

INTAKE IN 2019

STUDENTS BY FACULTY 2019

Master’s degree

Number of international students*

13,788

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

DEGREE STUDENTS IN 2019

tutkinnot

3,983

2,683

1,397

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Faculty of Information Technology

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics

TOHTORI

LISENSIAATTI MAISTERI KANDIDAATTI

2,679 3000

Faculty of Education and Psychology

2500

1,285

1,721

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences

Faculty of Mathematics and Science

2000 1500 1000

tutkinnot

17,124

3,716 654 APPLICANTS IN 2

3,026 289

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Bachelor’s degree

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics

Ap In

1,632 454Faculty of Humanities

Faculty of Sport and Doctoral students Health Sciences 6% 526 86 16% Applicants 2,536 Intake 3% 166 53 278 32%

STUDENTS BY FACULTY 2018

Kokk Cons

APPLICANTS IN 2019 Faculty of Mathematics and Science

Applicants Intake

1,920 408

5,469 564

146 146

DEGREE PROGRAMMES DEGREE PROGRAMMES IN TOTAL 2019 IN TOTAL 2019

2,952 2,952

Doctoral 17 Doctoral 17 Master’s 89 Master’s 89 Bachelor’s 40 Bachelor’s 40

Doctoral 127 Doctoral 127 Licentiates 14 Licentiates 14 Master’s 1,576 Master’s 1,576 Bachelor’s 1,235 Bachelor’s 1,235

DEGREES COMPLETED DEGREES 2019 COMPLETED 2019

NUMBER OF DEGREE PROGRAMMES BY FACULTY NUMBER OF DEGREE PROGRAMMES BY FACULTY Source: JYU data warehouse (3 Mar 2020) NUMBER OF DEGREE PROGRAMMES BY FACULTY Doctoral 5 Doctoral 5

Bachelor’s 18 Doctoral 1 Bachelor’s 18 Doctoral 1

Bachelor’s 3 Bachelor’s 3

11 11

52 52

Master’s 29 Master’s 29

TOTAL TOTAL

Master’s 7 Master’s 7

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES OF HUMANITIES ANDFACULTY SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Master’s 6 Master’s 6

FACULTY OF INFORMATION FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY

Bachelor’s 7 Bachelor’s 7

Doctoral 3 Doctoral 3

22 22

Bachelor’s 4 Bachelor’s 4

28 28

TOTAL TOTAL

Master’s 13 Master’s 13

TOTAL TOTAL

Master’s 16 Master’s 16

FACULTY OF EDUCATION FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY

Master’s 18 Master’s 18

FACULTY OF SPORT AND FACULTY OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCES HEALTH SCIENCES

DEGREES

13,788

Tutkinto-opiskelijoiden määrä Tutkinto-opiskelijoiden määrä DEGREE STUDENTS IN 2019 14 000 Source: Vipunen 14 000

13,428

13,761

IN 2015

IN 2016

13,452

13,812

IN 2017

IN 2018

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE AND SCIENCE

Bachelor’s

Master’s

Licentiates

Doctoral

2015

1,261

2016

1,211

1,486

160

1,516

2017

158

1,344

1,476

148

2018

1,220

1,513

139

2019

1,235

1,576

127

Source: JYU data warehouse (3 Mar 2020)

13 500 13 500 13 000 13 000 12 500 12 5002013

JYVÄSKYLÄ UNIVERSITY JYVÄSKYLÄ UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS OF BUSINESS ANDSCHOOL ECONOMICS AND ECONOMICS Doctoral 4 Bachelor’s 6 Doctoral 4 Bachelor’s 6

23 23

TOTAL TOTAL

Bachelor’s 2 Bachelor’s 2

10 10

TOTAL TOTAL

Doctoral 2 Doctoral 2

55 2014

2015

2016

2017

13 301 2013 13 057 2014 13 427 2015 13 760 2016 13 418 2017

JYU 2019 FIGURES

Faculty of Mathematics and Science

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Faculty of Mathematics and Science

Faculty of and Socia

DEGREES TUTKINNOT BY Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences TIEDEKUNNITTAIN FACULTY 2019 2017 Faculty of Information DEGREES TUTKINNOT BY Technology

TIEDEKUNNITTAIN FACULTY 2019 2017

Faculty of Education and Psychology

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics

Faculty Technol

Faculty of Education and Psychology

825

366

317

793

357

294

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Faculty of Information Technology

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics

Faculty of Education and Psychology

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences

Faculty of Mathematics and Science

DEGREES BY FACULTY 2019

Bachelor's

Master´s

Licentiates

Doctoral

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

342

445

Faculty of Information Technology

175

171

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics

136

172

Faculty of Educationand Psychology

345

423

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences

120

226

Faculty of Mathematics and Science

117

139

1,576

127

Total

3500 3000

3,115

3,276

3,257

3,174

1,2353,112

Source: JYU data warehouse (3 Mar 2020)

2500

PUBLICATIONS BY FACULTY* 2019

Publications

2000

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

1,742

Open access

2,211

3500

2,100

920

584

3000

315

243

2500

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics

210

152

Faculty of Educationand Psychology

413

287

1500

463 2017

2018313

2019 1000

1500

Faculty of Information Technology

1,472

1000 500

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences 2015

2016

Faculty of Mathematics and Science Publications

754 Open access*

601

Source: 2015–2017 Vipunen, 2018–2019 Converis (situation on 4 Mar 2020)

PUBLICATIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ

3,257

3,174

3,276

2,100

2000

* The sum is not the same as the total number of publications at JYU. One publication may be counted for several faculties, and the publications of independent institutes are not included.

3,112

3,115

3,112

2,211

1,742 1,472

500 0

2015

2016

Publications

2017

2018

2019

Open access*

* the article is published in an open publication channel, paid open or self-archived. Source: 2015–2017 Vipunen, 2018–2019 Converis (situation on 4 Mar 2020)

Jyväskylä School of and Econ

2,564

Teaching 28% Research 33% Other 35% Teacher training STAFF 2019 Teaching (6%) 4% Teaching staﬀ 724 staﬀ (6%) 724 schools (PERSON-YEARS)

STAFF 2019 STAFF 2019 (PERSON-YEARS) (PERSON-YEARS) STAFF 2019 (PERSON-YEARS)

24 (6%)

(2%)

INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL STAFF STAFF INTERNATIONAL STAFF

Staﬀ of teacher training schools 105 (0%)

11%

40 (27%)

11% 11% 11%

Research Research staff 840 staff (27%)840 (27%) Teaching staff 724 (6%) Other Other staff 895staff (2%) 895 (2%) Research staff 840 (27%) Staff oftraining teacher training Staff of teacher Other staff 895 (2%) schools schools 105 (0%) 105 (0%)

INTERNATIONAL STAFF

raining )

STAFF (PERSON-YEARS)

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Teaching staff

634 (6%)

652 (7%)

680 (6%)

701 (6%)

724 (6%)

Research staff

799 (21%)

811 (23%)

820 (25%)

841 (24%)

840 (27%)

Other staff

886 (2%)

855 (2%)

839 (2%)

918 (2%)

895 (2%)

Staff of teacher training schools

103 (0%)

102 (0%)

107 (0%)

105 (0%)

2,423 (9%)

2,421 (10%)

2,445 (11%)

2,567 (10%)

2,564 (11%)

Total

International employees (%)

STAFF BY FACULTY 2019 (PERSON-YEARS) Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty of Information Technology STAFF BY FACULTY 2019 (PERSON-YEARS)

STAFF BYSTAFF BY FACULTY FACULTY 2019 2019 BY Teaching(PERSON-YEARS) staff STAFF Research staff (PERSON-YEARS) FACULTY 2019 158 (13%) 206 (19%) (PERSON-YEARS)

Fixed-term Permanent

rahoitus

ritykset

ahastot ja säätiöt

rahoitus (ei EU)

Other staff

34 (8%)

59 (3%)

78 (36%)

25 (5%)

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics

47 (3%)

40 (26%)

16 (11%)

Faculty of Educationand Psychology

141 (2%)

100 (18%)

47 (1%)

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences

59 (2%)

89 (12%)

32 (7%)

Faculty of Mathematics and Science

120 (7%)

274 (41%)

99 (3%)

International employees (%)

FIXED-TERM AND PERMANENT POSTS (PERSON-YEARS)

Source: HR system

Suomen Akatemia Suomen Akatemia 2015

Suomen Akatemia Tekes Tekes 2016

1,089 46%

1,099 47 % Tekes OKM OKM 1,263 53 %

2017

1,110 47%

2018

1,211 48%

2019

1,199 48%

52%

1,271 54% 1,273 53% 1,298 52% 1,303 52% TUOTTOJEN TUOTTOJEN PERMANENT JAKAUTUMINEN UNIVERSITY JAKAUTUMINEN Part-time teachers * 62 59 62 58 61 UNIVERSITY OKM EMPLOYEES TUOTTOJEN Muu julkinen rahoitus Muu julkinen rahoitus RAHOITUSLÄHTEITTÄIN FUNDING RAHOITUSLÄHTEITTÄIN FUNDING * Part-time teachers, not included in the percentage of permanent employees JAKAUTUMINEN UNIVERSITY (JAKSOTTAMATON) (JAKSOTTAMATON) 2019 2019 Kotimaiset Kotimaiset yritykset yritykset Muu julkinen rahoitus RAHOITUSLÄHTEITTÄIN FUNDING 2017 2017 Kotimaiset rahastot Kotimaiset rahastot ja säätiöt ja säätiöt (JAKSOTTAMATON) 2019 Kotimaiset yritykset EU-rahoitus EU-rahoitus 2017 Kotimaiset rahastot ja säätiöt Ulkomainen rahoitus Ulkomainen rahoitus (ei EU) (ei EU) UNIVERSITY EU-rahoitus Muut FUNDING Muut Ulkomainen rahoitus (ei EU) 2019 Muut

JYU 2019 FIGURES

men Akatemia

Other funding

Tekes Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

OKM

Faculty of Information Technology

UNIVERSITY FUNDING 2019

Muu julkinen rahoitus Kotimaiset yritykset

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics Faculty of Educationand Psychology

funding Kotimaiset rahastotFaculty ja säätiöt

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences

EU-rahoitus

Faculty of Mathematics and Science

Ulkomainen rahoitus (ei EU) Muut

€204.3 M TURNOVER 2019

LARGEST EXPENSES 2019

TURNOVER

(funding of operations)

2015

€210.3 M

2016

€203.6 M

2017

€204 M

2018

€204.3 M

2019

€204.3 M Source: JYU’s annual report

€15.6 M RESULT 2019

€143 M

€25.4 M

€13.1 M

€8.9 M

Personnel expenses

Rents

Purchased services

Materials and goods

Expenses 2019

Income 2019 Government funding

€131.6 M

•

Personnel expenses

Supplementary funding

€72.7 M

•

Depreciations

€2.3 M

•

Academy of Finland

€26.1 M

•

Grants

€2.2 M

•

Business Finland

€3.1 M

•

Materials and goods

€8.9 M

Ministry of Education and Culture

€6.1 M

•

Purchased services

€13.1 M

•

Rent

€25.4 M

•

€143 M

•

Other public funding

€14.5 M

•

Travel costs

€7.1 M

•

Domestic companies

€3.0 M

•

Other expense

€8.2 M

Domestic funds and foundations

€3.0 M

Expenses in total

€210 M

EU funding

€7.8 M

Investment and financing activities*

€21.1 M

International funding (outside EU)

€2.5 M

RESULT

€15.6 M

Other

€6.7 M

•

• •

•

FUNDING BY FACULTY 2019

Supplementary funding

Basic funding

€10.9 M (32%)

€23.6 M (68%)

Faculty of Information Technology

€4.9 M (36%)

€8.6 M (64%)

Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics

€3.2 M (31%)

€7.2 M (69%)

Faculty of Education and Psychology

€9.3 M (35%)

€16.9 M (65%)

Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences

€5.5 M (35%)

€10.3 M (65%)

Faculty of Mathematics and Science

€18.5 M (41%)

€27.1 M (59%)

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

€72.7 M

SUPPLEMENTARY FUNDING 2019

A UNIVERSITY W I T H S O C I E TA L I M PA C T Our vision is to be a global leader in the study of learning, wellbeing and basic natural phenomena, reshaping competence to build a sustainable society. We offer a world-class research environment and an attractive campus. Our most important goal is to continually nurture the competence, creativity and wellbeing of our staff and students. We are a multicultural and international working community that values and inspires individuals. → jyu.fi/en/university/strategy-2030

P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä Finland @JyvaskylaUniversity @uniofjyvaskyla @uniofjyvaskyla JyvaskylaUniversity JYU.FI