9789740162643 by unknowsharefun

y.,

ISBN 978-974-01-6264-3

a~sin13haa~ gncrm. i a f i a ~ 6 $ 1 ~ ( i i ~

6 bbdd

a n .

ainw513

nu~a1n~51a Y J W ~ J W ~~ I'q~~JIL W W B J M I U R ~ 'e

u'8a8niiRiuwszs7wsJ"~$S

~ i ~ c l ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ n u n a iI ~*y.nnii i ~h a ~ n2551 ~ ~ ~#r~. u: r An a~~~4 nu w 9 n i 3 ~ ~ 1 3 b ~ i ~ ~ ort41~mlflQMriu~aaluaniu4nwi1&

3 *rdhtwp ~ m q y & u % p ~ n ~ ~ t 3 n % ~ ~ r ~ w r r l

dcsznifi su awn 22 unaiau M-b

w k r u i ~ u m i u u ~ m ~ ~ u n i ~ S u u ~ n ~ u a i ~ ~ n i ~da$i\ael%~b~ucrfi8oSuu Suu~?~uivi~m w~n~.i:nouiau~dowiwa~ujd~~uw~nnisw"u~iundii~~uaiui~ n~ i u i I ~ d ~ : ' b u ~ f i u ~ 3 m n*

d c i i i u iZmmuni3duuid~a~nvlaiu k u r a w i r n d i u ~ u n i s d i ~ a ~ m ~nai~da~o u~ m

nmaou m.iih#u%~qpniytfklnlsiu ~ u ~ : r i o ~ ~ b ~ n ~ n w : n d d i ~ g ~ u n i ~ ~ u u ~ b b a r n i ~ ~ i ~ # I & '

~ u n i s i a ~ i w ~ u ~ o.~-~ Iu ,u ?+ ~, ~ i ~ i a m ~ b a u u ~ i ~ u n a i ~ ~ a u ~ o~$~.ruqculpii odiu~iu~innsui Y

Gn?iniairnr&3:

1a" su m43'u

rinisinis , uar~~~aouqlnrni3J"udiuq njmn5jpa:~onau Puvotlauqcu '

aaaw.wa's~~uodi9i9ii HP~VSA~~U~~WUIRII~~~~~~~:L~~ ~ ~ i i a - d i i a u ~ n~~:daul~nisianisiin~3~ui~1iamf~d~:1n~niw~~a:d~:~~3a hu win 6 1 . 3

62 &'

~ b o b a ~ o b b % 1 ~ d ~ : ~ " i 1 ~ ~ ~ \ 9 ~ ~ 8 f l u Fdsarn'u 3 ~ ~ i ~aaan. 1i~~ msiu ~b~~~~~\ I

i a u l'naougdu

unn 1 ttuupnw~n~fintou~d .............................................................1 a 1.1 ~ ~ u I ~ ~ I ~ ............................................................................... ~ s ~ Q Q ~ ~ ~ ' 3 1.2 nszuqunis~iq?nuifiinm+ .................................................................... 5 .......................................................... I I 1.3 n'nwcuziin'ry~~~Gn~~uininm+ 6

1.4 1.6

mso~iioi~azgdnsni : t$.hwodlininuininnf ..................................... i6 i n u i n i n n f ~ d d u u u d a d ~ ' ~ ~ o a ~ o ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ a z........... ~ d n 22 ~~~d6uu~~d

1.6 ~ ~ u i f i i n m ~ ~ a z ~ ~ n f......................................... ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~27 a n ~ ~ i ~ ~

unn 4 aYi~azbn~nt(~~fi~~ufi ................................................................75 4.1

n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n i s a t a i u n s ~ ~ ~............................................ ~ a z n i s a z n i u ~ ~ ~ i 77

4.2 ~ I T ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ O U ~ ? I U L ~ ~ ~ ~ F................................... ~ L L ~ ~ L U ~ ~ 79 Q ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ I

v o ~ n i s a z a i u n s f i ~ a z ~.............................................................. un 80 nsclunz~unlu~amdst913u.. ................................................................85

4.3 p~ 4.4

nmnikbmr b~urhiicy#~zrii~~~n1%wi47&~1uvI1arnaiBi@i~~ umnu c h nir h b n r n ~ n ~ ~ ~ . d i i d ~ ~ ~ z r i i ~ 0 l $ n i ~ b ~ nu u ~ ~abm ~@ ~ s mf ~ um~ in q3 0$ ~a

mudn~~dnsuroddq:Z~iunduuu ua:~n~lunilsciou9'1ubbnauna'ibanuou ~iio~iri~$u 3 ' " 3 b~uaKaluZiq:b~utX7uuuru~t!~~riiuinnisaou~a~:b~uuua~uuinwu ~~iq:o3uiu~fosd .

lXodiu!s

la a ciiaiiuiunisaouaoId n'o la~Yd'inaiu~u~;~n'~nl~bddu~d~ * . 3 !, .?r :\w (,'..- , : - C ' u . rnub.&& ~fip#~iinuu~zsm~~a!el . .r. nlrrmI$ri~uYqr,Q@$~d L,

L-

) .

it-:

. I

#dm Y W G & W ~ ~ W ~ O %

~i tiiemj+fhVi ~tiqfl ~ b ~ & & ~ i & l d 8fiW-l

a , $ . ; I . , ,- ' f + . , , : . 1 : q4 2 i.J+<., r l . * . L+dlion(3z.'kyua7, / $ @ ~ ~ ~ .~~ ~ &w $& >~ Y$ H ~ ~ L b99%$d H , ~ u Q ~ ~ ~ '

U//dfih%~$dGO% .~djdddH&Z~abdd'Ur I

----

~ i n n i s n n a o u r i i ~ i i ~ s i I ~ ~ o g a ~ k oauu~jlundmkt!a"~flu~7u~~a:~i~airiinis fi~qda'i nmaounaiu~ !G~~a!i~~u~~liioun"na~nfift ~ ~ ~ f i a i ~ i ~ n n ~ d nuuiFuiktl5 ~~u~aiu~n~ d

f i ~ : n a i u r 0 u n ~ ~ a i u f ~ ~ o ~ a i u ~ 7 u ~ i u 3maariiu~du ~ u i ~ 1 i ~ pnru) su ~ ~ i u ~ f a d la2nai d~rii

n"d'nGuunmanqqn~5uauuAjlu 2 riluq5uynnk ZbinuunuTu u a ~ l u n d ~ n a u u2~1 ':~.u naw i d u ~ a i unf w i n e i ~ ( i ~~m~f o ~ a i u ~ ~ u w i u i ~ uaa:m i~~iam~d

!d%dsrlua6dold dauauuljlu 1 ~ b f l u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o t ~ n d ~ b a ~ ! d b b ~ : ~ ~ a i u i s 6 1 ~ i u rlw

m:~aunisriiuiu~un ~ndia~~unis~~uu~~uuns:ua~nis~p.lna~uiminm~~unis~ 34

wiu?nuiariam;li ns:uaunisusu~sun% n'~:ua'~ni~m193~aiuia~%" odiulsfimiu ns:uauniJu

~IJRUOI~ dumwsauq br;i$u ~n?nuiar~apr)~rbda:~~uoi~~?dnis~itiubbmnditn"u w

494

~umound~mndiu wsouaiinisrrmnd?sn"Pri uiunulaisaunisk~nml~uns:uaunisudboiinis 8:

w 8 :

I - &

k m ~ ~ 9 u d a u v l ~ u ~ ~ u n i s ~ t ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ a : n 1 s ~ n ' ~ntuu w o ~ ~unnaiaanisriiuiu a~~onis~naou ds:nnu!d6as

nisktilryni ms8tauuAjlu nisbfiuioga (n3onimnanu) msa7dlnga~flu rla

A',

, a

plaiufhi ~~a:uiunm-run?'dm~w'iuiu~~uuuai aonim1~3ma~macli ?-

und I r f u u ~ n u ~ ~ ~ a n k l i ~ ~ b B

wrr (kg) ?SUW$

sums nisuiufu~'uia1na I o 8lasums aBu:aiau 2 iiTaniu nirt~s/afuSa100

aa4iaais I

snrt6~10~3.5 -.

I .-

(.c)

3 3 ~ (em? 7 ~ W7UU71 (In)

I--

. -I-

- 7

:l? -

- .T

4.c -.--

-q-

'*+.

!~ ' bmiW

t~~Qiisrm~~n?~~Q~~~~a CF) dd7d?&~de/d

aiu4aroa dikmbd (Daniel Gaturid Fahrenheit)

GMinifmarus+fir

u f i (Lord William Kelvin) b ~ h s l m a c ~ m ~ u

r h 273 K bfldu r n - t u ~ w n m r a u m i u (a)

6-4

1no5uaiirmo~wIabu~oud~sJ"Snis

ka~du'n~ciaucruaiimuan~run~iibna?u !5winlin u ~ ~ ~ d b % 1 l q r i u i l d Q ~ ~ ~ 6 0 4 ~ ? madua iio Qnuonqrunqii 273 b~a?? ~ ~ a r

A i m 100 BUIIII%RL+I~II

Qmunnqrunqii

373 bna5u u'huuduqolnqiirflu100 nJae

rmmarm tT

uiYwp71~u ' x... . . ~ u d i A ~ l u n ' n ~ ~ ~ ~ n 1 ~ 1 , n ~ d a ~ ~ a ~ &i?oh*h 1 u ~ ~ m ~ ~nis o1~0~'u'

G'nb%uun~ rnul&fiuda~:baaiu ~m4undulur~nu~iinifi n:?uaonnaiuC/ I

L R 4 ~

~ $ ~ ~ ~ (Dead f l s Sea) l l ~ 142das

nuiuiiun:radluuauuaana$1& uaznriianic

d4ious:iu iio nisnausuiudu7 ~

~ um5uiud~ouni.n~inw1 u d lusloud 1 ~ 4 i o u n 1 3 4 n ~

t~nmw4b ma~ilualnu~~u 5 ~OULnbflaat)ljiuaha~ab%ulnuau 3 ~(heLmf&Iu

IH'

~ - I 2,800 &

man& ~2;i(nn\6ufnna%run~udud4 nqtl \%bdwnb(iuu

ra7uaxcku$e rlu$u$wb~&

nau mu. 2S49 bdmrunua7arftuulnuwa 3

1~43

3zmzzG

~ ~ 1 ? ~ ~ ? * y F - ~ r l * r p ~ - u I t - 1 + * - - ? - * I

. " I

- & ~ W W

. ' 4 ,i

n~~%iunu~uum.llosai~~~a:d~n~u~~ubfin~~na~~

..I.,

. ,

.., .

.- .

, --

a*'.

C ~~~aai~5nuiuiaai

~n~aaunifjnuiuiaai (ni~Giaiu~ju3:uu)

3b. I

9 .

. )

qRllMm3II

A-~~ntui

Idfll YRY

eranxwu aai~nnannui~knnu %an50u NlGw e l l ?

d' und r r~uu~nm~r7~fi~oU'wZs

I. n~:erauni%wia3wuiariwm4&o:$s 2. n - n n n ~ o u n " ~ n " u(Fair ~ m ~Test) vi'i$R"nQiSls

3. ~ n w s w ~ ~ i K ~ a o a ~ n ' i i w ~ 30:19fi1~ ~iari~mf

4. i n u ~ n i a mua:amIuIaEl f iualdnlanuywGodijls

5. u n h o d i a l n ~ a i u ~ u a ~ a l 9 ; i ~n-dirr~wia?wuiRiamf ~u-di bel~uubbdaa'bR" .-.a

I . .

dslia

wa4

~ Y

~Ldu ~ dq?X14q~doJ ~ b d ~~fi8orh.vilu~L8U a " ~ ~ ~

&rfluYoabnaala a'nwm:rawi:rduuaiui~n%44ir~unai~r~da:nrG~oonsinn"u 61

qmnqii~dduuudaddau%uiuds:nizuouarisn"~:bdduu~d ~ d dcmun'uoimpl u 1 ursuiniR X u i q n i f l a m u : rfluundrnaala d o qmnqGar eu ~ 9 uo oumi r.aarQaa nio A i n i i v

riil:nncl~iluriiuia ua:rdogmnqiiquuurilu

1 oo oupli ~.aatgclaGifiln+omnaiu

,, , .i. ~ ,.. . i m

, , ,

- . -~ -.-..... ~

p;. -<-.-." ;-\-;:: $Z.',t ..k,, .;

'*J~a y+..

-k.: I

~ai1cs5auwnmr~?ia~ ~~aanaaa aai ~a~u5auhfiuni~bdduuanixsinZi~luCa Naa 1 wiaa LCluJiuaa 1 wdaukndiai u

~ilaiu~eftudsaosnimaeuswaaanres~i 1;.

" l r w Z i ~ 4 o n ~ ~ dmaiu%oud~il# o~7 ZisZomuaa 1 ntiauL~duuaniu:~iIuIo Ji

ma?u+au6.ii?l~i7~4aauaa 1 n3a

uas 1 ntiau~au qrunqiilai d u u u r l a d

~oirduwflnab3uniq praiubauuda w~an~sna~usillo1Pwae~~&oa 4a

~ ~ ~ U Z ~ O ~ ~ < ~ ' I

~IL$BSI

540 w n a ~ ~ ~ n % u

maiuf o ~ a d o n i a ~ d ~ u u a n i u : u o w

a7.i

L$U GIUB~ ~doI#a~4~maiu!iou JiL~i9

qmnqi o ' C ~:n~oubnclanaistdu&d qruwqP -0 'C qruvyJu'axLd8uuan7u:qin 3 3 1 0 9 L b ~ 9 n a l ~ b 1 ~ ~ 0 9 b ~ a a ~b$ufl 19=~~d

qrun~duoau~unaiu~urnu~wcl~6.ji Y 8e

~ ~ ~ a o u s wudiiiuinrduunu~na~iqbwnqZ a, Y

a24

O'Gnaiudurnuu9n O'C qruvy?iiCrn~d&u

ra(+IsOmne4(C M OC H 7 m~usr (C l

H OH)

ruuh (C-H,) aniu:~inslosbwaannigl~~uro~~b~a6~~~u

qrunqiin~gcn8ecn;ii yGonu& i m z i n i n w

'b&%mmuf awinwodiq:b~amd 100 OC naiu ~.iluloGid1

OOOC

rsifiglnqmwqiiduoa~~aa

nais~ilda6.jiqmR'on

p & a (Na)

91.~0

1. bmndn'wu:rn~wt,waa#kgiq~ cJu zilmau wrd. URL$IM~~U ~wtet~da(t) Gu%nw anw8ane 2. cuierneutaauslg:$~aant,B'~~ 2 dau hu~de~ildn=aedaun=f~7'~1mq 8emsnab~Gk6n wa 3 . 0 n ~ a u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ( 9 ~ 0 r ~ n ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ l l a%atJql?u~8)eb~a~abdo1 1nb~0b~9l~siiu9i On"kdbfi&a~~inneI~~v&~ i b~ahuwnqe"bfi~znn JuJqae?u~nbnai - . u4qecqa~A&t310 mi( ~et,naua:Gu~nwa -

- --

ro~~~a~aimriio~riu~Uian~a~Ua~n~~illln~0~~~~~~111~rl ~~NI~~~ou~VUH~EI~I~~V$(P~~~~~~ -

(

k a ~ dn'nd3wluauimd~:uiru

0,000 cm (10'' an) ns:liunci

'I ~aam~ua~auns:miw bd~~simau~aubna~~auns:mirnau n"i-a?A 'A

o~luuaumaaiiuuim~8nn4i~w~uuatn~:mimsau uou~naadha

diuns:miwnao kalai~niinailimn6iuaduei~iaisdo~lu~aucma fluui~ln~nii~w~urauns:miwnsaun"~riia~s~n8nslniiu

a~uuns:miwn~au

ns:mimsodr:uim

1,000 r v i i dni?uuimds:uim

111O,OOO,OOO cm (I 0' cm) rdald

Y at maaahgu~~bdurba"abbd~uXi ~iaisu'uuirn~nnii~w~uuaubaa~abdu ai~8u~:diu

aan~il&

. .*

.+,

' 1

id~dpilu~aafp~~u a%uiu\a6iiaiiwiuZhi~div9;;iaauniL~L$nnh 1b14 crn u&p;hil

rus ~ 8 u a n ~ u d d u n imi s a r a i u riw ai3a:aiu i i u n u i n i i K q u i n d n ni3di3JQi.

I-' = - _

ad.

r k

-..: n

r..

' I I

@Kt

.,'

'7,

n7w 3.3 ~ q S r n m k ~ n a p ~ g a m ~ 'i. i d ~ s z n L m o i b 7 n 7-i'

.* 'f-r , g t3 lb, I : & I & L4 ~ i ~ " ~ ~ ~ u b ' ~ u ~ i ~ a wumawia:aiumouiLLa:aaa:aiu :aiu~imia vs'$,4~+4,,&,$1

Ad- 1'

&#I,

'4: d

4jw.=

~ ' p d o z i m i anisriiui~%ou ni~d%:~d?uim~ia~awsiubba:ki&~ uibanu *Pl-iiwj

('2

~rj;naiunaiuLvii~uwfdd ua:vii~di~h4~~:~m~~u~i~~nul~d~aiu w

L2;-

01- . '. -. . ,~niiuu~:~4ilnwiii~~"%uuai~a:aiuls~"~~ai~~~1u~umiu~~~~ni~

naiu~ri~n"uynmk '

.. ~ ~ i n i i ~ r m u d a l d f f &a

/ill ' C R ~ * J I D A ~ Q ( ~ P ~ * ~ P

, uI

vrrnwarwww~bmy

~ U ~ U D S N ~ S M ~ Z ~ ~ ~ I ~ Z ~ I U ~ U ~ U Q S L M ~ ~ 3

: t bhwdrrla4 (11)

h d a

(pa) 5 g a a

b~uim&u~~uacu~n~a~aePu~nbna+ biiaii7nmdbda+ (11) Qbdn

%iaa0?u0nma+ &iiari7Idma~Iun%zuanm~g -fi357

?_=a.e ~ q.-.-

- ~ b b ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~(11) 6 9h~b dd b on d ~~ h%d " 91

B. b8u~~n&ub~ua~?un4ruanmas~u~7~ata~u

.IF ;e li.

'id3u7a5 100 cm3 8ebnq3wsdwara7u Gufnwa

5. .ji~nmmaaos&&abbei+a 1- 4 u.eib~)&~ut~%~'~a

-J

.,4.A

. eislm3uiYaviia:aia

aisaraia (n) ua: (a)

aislmduG2a:aia B J ~ U I R ~ ~cm3 /

a aisaraiad~miauIau&o5 sra:&o 6 %aa:aia f oaa:~PiiIslmud3~imsdod3uim~ 13

na'or /

100 crn3

-.--

' -. r

--, - ,"',

b 1

.--- - m a "'

<a.n"ia:ai~tta:<aa:aiui~er~oaaz~6m~~o~aa~~e

~oaaz1aaoraatdes~inaiuian~auaa"11oaalloati~ad w i i u i wauKu16diu tdu tvi3ugda:~nvGm~da.n"i

6afj[aw:waudaawoauaa 75% Gn~fia25% douaa

I ;

wuiu~aiu41I u t w 3 u ~ ~ G n g iinosrrma 75 g wau 100 o~n'YGn tn'a 25 g riautvifag5naimw& iiwoauma 92

n m 3-s rniaQda~n~imw~ 90iimiia 2 ~ uara~qiitiiau . 69/0 L a u a a n u i u n a i ~ . I, @ i a w a . q ~, @ w~n~il'mf~u z~ ii~utn$uryw& 100 g iinoauaa 92 g wauo@~~ 3ntfia 2 g ua:o:giitGuu

6 g ~ilu6iu

Fa-

sat

~ a i u ~ S u m ~ u a r r ~ a ~ o u a i ~ a z a iJ(T ~6i~q -

. :,

. -

; , I s - ,,. ., r. " , 1 Y!anqaaum2iu t, Id rI n s ~ u a, : rI ~ -

fib

*I:

)+F?!-

.,I,

-. .

> i,:

, .

CPR

a '~I t~r ~ a iuonsinqrt+n3zaibiik~wtwnis ~ar~iu

unn' 4 ~ ~ - ~ r a z ~ - ~ u n o n u a ~ i u ~ ~

u~msmaiubflorn%wazbu~ (pH meter)

if-

P W W ~ U C ~ V 4 W J ,, W . I r W ~

jh! c\rw;riw~~t~M .,lwt~*Mu~iammFSukpL ..

~ I - ? ~ - Q L, L , -

,gW~~mbhrku mi V~CR&&O%

wwrerrrrr*

C' 1'

unuk~.tfr&uriruci+ b m n s

I I

4 *. . 4.9j3iBRhsn~a~474~ p ~ -

, . - 7". .. 4;<

' I

uiammmda'ul~giiiauG3~Sunla ua:aislusiam&mda:aiihoildiu5ql

..L

iuaiimii~iiuo~wpltbuau6ds:nou r d o a ~ a i u ~ i ~ ~ ~ : $ 1 d ~ i i 3 ~ i ~ u n ~ ~ 1IS1 : r ~ m u f i 12w

~duuudauunuai~d.~i~fibn'mais~~uu ~m~Budfji%ui~~ii a i a m n . m u i u ~ G m i i a ~ G ~ r O ~ ~ n ~ : udi ua6 ua ~u i a ~ n ~ ~ d S ~ ~ a ~ % ~ ~ a i

ou6ds:nouoil$~lfiriimn'nugnU u~~iiik~~uulalmsnu~iiuo~u(p~~~uoun'ds:nour& T'erds:niuua"asr:$ilfi~Amrm"aluns:rwi:oi9si~

~12firiimoinis~"ou~m~~a:~aiuKulaGm~~u

quiu ~ d ~ ~ ~ i l # K u ~ d d a a i ~ K u ~Im~016alduiamm~aiui~nlfl&npiiudaom~s'yI?n aGmqu 4

1+i1u11i3u~nrdrwui:wu nisiiuuiamnsmuin~~uldoi~.~ilfi~iimania:dli ~~ui=wudon?.s

~ i u i u u ~ u ~ i ? l d o ~ l ~-,-~ : r$ilfiriimnaiu~mdn5doa~ ---. ~ i.---.--. : o i ~ i ~ -.- - miuuilti .--,--...-- riuif~nicl~sinmnsm ---..----- - - " ' , .&'J '?-?& J- ?G ~as!6?udi~~x<iqin bbww6 ~ * r k ~ w 'CY *.-,r n q r i -* 11 a-.\.---

Jq{

7g=!<I i lmA~s3~

IIs-Ae~+r.-s.m*.b

hdL'

r " t a: d-

IF-

rtnlgtwrtairuf~ u

cnr 'nrrr*:wdihr ~:rlr '

ai, K. t";'. Cherni

Chidtig, E., Chow, J.,, Kai, A.

View. h e h e r ' s Book 1.

M&rn

Hongkong : Aristo Educational Press., 2003.

t~~~~

11iftct!i4

n.&-k?.

Hoong, T,L., Leng, H.P. and Khang, G. N. Interactive Science. Pte., -."... singaporej$&~ , +.fa Papac -rap" 2001. ti q 0 n i 1, t ~ t ? >i~~ri!rnq i~~ @&V~I&WC~ nnrilrrhi l e i ~ h d t ~ u I.-.--1 ..

'ti

fl\

ctt

National Research Council. How People Learn. W

National Research Council. How Students Learn So.e_-pzn,@ CM,s~opopm~Wa_~h~in&o~~..~.C.~ 1

. . . . -.

National Academy Press, 2005.

c . 9

: lmrrn.i'*. =-:lcil~.rp.

&vlru '='

Jr*runw-rtp .&.. a

. ~d r h y c~r ~ f t ~ i t.:

rdrw.

smct&,;.5

m,qp$g c~i.~Ybl&~idhdmul' . 1 rnm-.\ rmmmw ... *;altnrirufrtkb:*! L * ~ ~ I . C'n+ ;? -n 4 ' :&-&WbCrifi L. a: TS m~sl,~k&&~rfirbahp CT #

. I

;

1.-

irr-

~ ~ ~ r ~ r i . # i ea ~ c f

-- :.~. -

r&&'wSrWME3 '

k@ff *

-&-.

.,.

' J