UNRIC Library Backgrounder: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo UN Entities •

The United Nations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) https://unsdg.un.org/un-in-action/democratic-republic-congo https://drcongo.un.org/ [FR]

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United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/monusco http://monusco.unmissions.org/en United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/monuc/index.shtml https://monuc.unmissions.org/en

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Established by Security Council resolution 1279 (1999) of 30 November 1999. In accordance with Security Council resolution 1925 (2010), MONUC was renamed the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) as of 1 July 2010.

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Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1533 o Reports of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo under Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1533/panel-of-experts/expert-reports

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Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict – Democratic Republic of the Congo http://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict (SRSG-SVC) - Democratic Republic of the Congo http://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/countries/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights – Democratic Republic of the Congo http://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/CDIndex.aspx o

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DRC: inter-ethnic violence in Ituri may constitute “crimes against humanity” – UN report (10 January 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25460 UN report details horrors of western DRC violence, urges action to prosecute those responsible and prevent further bloodshed (12 March 2019): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24307 Unlawful, unjustified and disproportionate use of force against protestors in DR Congo – UN report (19 March 2018): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22842 Report of a Mission of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights – accounts of Congolese fleeing the crisis in the Kasai region, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (August 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/Africa/ OHCHRMissionreportonaccountsofKasairefugees.docx Report on Human Rights Violations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the Context of the Events of 19 December 2016 (United Nations Joint Human Rights Office (UNJHRO) MONUSCO-OHCHR): http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/CD/UNJHRODecember2016_en.pdf

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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) – Democratic Republic of the Congo http://www.unhcr.org/democratic-republic-of-the-congo.html United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Democratic Republic of the Congo http://www.unocha.org/drc/ o o o o o o o

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ReliefWeb – Democratic Republic of the Congo: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/CDIndex.aspx DR Congo: Volcano Nyiragongo - May 2021: https://reliefweb.int/disaster/vo-2021-000059-cod Democratic Republic of the Congo: From one crisis to another (28 July 2020): https://www.unocha.org/story/democratic-republic-congo-one-crisis-another DR Congo: A complex web of humanitarian needs (1 May 2020): https://www.unocha.org/story/dr-congo-complex-web-humanitarian-needs Five challenges facing the DRC (Ebola is just one of them) (1 August 2019): https://unocha.exposure.co/five-challenges-facing-the-drc DR Congo, a challenging first six months (6 August 2018): https://unocha.exposure.co/dr-congo-a-challenging-first-six-months DRC Humanitarian Conference, Geneva, 13 April 2018: http://www.unocha.org/drc/humanitarian-conference

United Nations Department of Political and Peace Affairs (DPPA) – Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region https://dppa.un.org/en/mission/special-envoy-great-lakes-region United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in the DRC http://www.cd.undp.org/content/rdc/en/home/ United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) – Democratic Republic of Congo https://drc.unfpa.org/en United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) – Congo, Democratic Republic of the http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/drcongo.html World Food Programme (WFP) – Congo, Democratic Republic of https://www.wfp.org/countries/democratic-republic-congo https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/kasai-emergency World Health Organization (WHO) – Democratic Republic of the Congo http://www.who.int/countries/cod/en/ o

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Preliminary investigation report on human rights violations and violence perpetrated during demonstrations in Kinshasa between 19 and 21 September 2016 (updated on 7 October 2016): http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/CD/UNJHROSeptember2016_en.pdf Accountability for Human Rights Violations and Abuses in the DRC: Achievements, Challenges and Way forward (1 January 2014 - 31 March 2016): http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/CD/UNJHROAccountabiliteReport2016_en.pdf Report of the United Nations Joint Human Rights Office on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms during the Pre-Electoral Period in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1 January and 30 September 2015 (OHCHR / MONUSCO, December 2015): http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/CD/UNJHRODecember2015_en.pdf Report of the United Nations Joint Human Rights Office On International Humanitarian Law Violations Committed by Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) Combatants in the Territory of Beni, North Kivu Province, Between 1 October And 31 December 2014 (OHCHR / MONUSCO, May 2015): http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/CD/ReportMonusco_OHCHR_May2015_EN.pdf Further reports: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/CDReports.aspx Additional reports in French: https://monusco.unmissions.org/rapports-de-lonu

United Nations strengthens Ebola response in Democratic Republic of the Congo (23 May 2019): https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-05-2019-united-nations-strengthens-ebola-response-indemocratic-republic-of-the-congo

World Bank – Democratic Republic of Congo http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc International Organization for Migration (IOM) – Democratic Republic of Congo http://www.iom.int/countries/democratic-republic-congo

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International Criminal Court (ICC) - Situation in Democratic Republic of the Congo https://www.icc-cpi.int/drc?ln=en International Court of Justice (ICJ) o o o o

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Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of the Congo): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/103 Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/126 Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/121 Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Burundi): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/115 Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda): https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/117

Security Council •

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Meetings in 2021: 12 April - The situation in the Great Lakes region Meeting records, press releases and resolutions: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/meetings-2020-vtc https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2021 Meetings in 2020: 18, 7 December- The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 13 October - The situation in the Great Lakes region, 25 June - The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 22 April - The situation in the Great Lakes region https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/meetings-2020-vtc https://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2020 Meetings in 2019: 19, 3 December, 9 October - The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 3 October - The situation in the Great Lakes region, 24 July, 26 June, 29, 18, 14 March, 11 January - The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 26 March - The situation in the Great Lakes region http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2019 Meetings in 2018: 13 November, 11 October, 27 August, 26 July, 29 June The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 10 April - The situation in the Great Lakes region, 27, 19, 7, 6 March, 9 January - The Democratic Republic of the Congo http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2018 Meetings in 2017: 8 December - The situation in the Great Lakes region ; 7 November, 11 October, 17 August, 26, 11 July, 21 June - The Democratic Republic of the Congo; 12 April - The situation in the Great Lakes region; 31, 21, 16 March, 11 January - The Democratic Republic of the Congo http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2017 Meetings in 2016: 5 December, 11 October, 7 July, 23 June, 30, 23 May, 30, 23 March, 14 January - The Democratic Republic of the Congo http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2016 Meetings in 2015: 9 November, 7 October, 14 July, 26, 19, 17 March, 29, 22 and 8 January - The Democratic Republic of the Congo http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2015 Meetings in 2014: 5 November, 27 October, 7 August, 28 and 14 March, 30 January The Democratic Republic of the Congo http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/2014 Earlier years: http://research.un.org/en/docs/sc/quick/meetings/

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S/2021/306 (30 March 2021): Implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region: report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2021/306 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2502 (2019); provides an overview of developments since the previous report (S/2020/951) and covers the period 16 Sept. 2020-15 Mar. 2021.

▪ Previous reports: https://bit.ly/354oa4w

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S/2021/274 (18 March 2021): United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2021/274 Submitted pursuant to para. 55 of Security Council resolution 2556 (2020); covers major developments from 2 Dec. 2020-18 Mar. 2021 since the Secretary-General's report of 30 Nov. 2020 (S/2020/1150).

Includes UN map no. 4412 Rev. 40: MONUSCO February 2021 (Feb. 2021).

▪ Previous reports: https://bit.ly/3pBFYgz

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S/2020/1214 (31 December 2020): Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2020/1214 Transmits report of the Committee's activities for 2020.

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S/RES/2556 (2020): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2556(2020) on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 20 Dec. 2021

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S/2020/1030 (19 October 2020): Children and armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2020/1030 7th report prepared pursuant to Security Council resolution 1612 (2005) and subsequent resolutions; covers the period from 1 Jan. 2018-31 Mar. 2020; focuses on six grave violations committed against children since the previous report (S/2018/502).

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S/RES/2528 (2020): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2528(2020)

on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2021 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2021

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S/2020/482 (2 June 2020): Letter dated 2 June 2020 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2020/482 Final report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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S/RES/2502 (2019): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2502(2019)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 20 Dec. 2020 o

S/2019/870 (12 November 2019): Letter dated 8 November 2019 from the Permanent Representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/870 Informs that a national committee for the strategic review of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) was established and is conducting internal consultations on this issue and on the future mandate of MONUSCO.

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S/2019/842 (25 October 2019): Letter dated 24 October 2019 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/842

Transmits, pursuant to Security Council resolution 2463 (2019), an independent strategic review of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), prepared by Youssef Mahmoud.

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S/RES/2478 (2019): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2478(2019)

on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2020 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2020

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S/2019/296 (8 April 2019): Letter dated 8 April 2019 from the Permanent Representatives of Germany, Peru and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2019/296 Transmits summary note of the meeting of the Security Council Informal Expert Group on Women, Peace and Security on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, held on 25 Mar. 2019.

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S/RES/2463 (2019): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2463(2019)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 20 Dec. 2019

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S/2019/159 (19 February 2019): Letter dated 15 February 2019 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2019/159 Transmits update covering developments on progress in the electoral process and implementation of the political agreement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; covers the period 1-31 Jan. 2019.

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S/2018/1135 (31 December 2018): Letter dated 17 December 2018 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/1135 Transmits report of the Committee's activities for 2018.

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S/2018/1068 (30 November 2018): Letter dated 28 November 2018 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/1068 Transmits, pursuant to para. 61 of Security Council resolution 2409 (2018), 30-day update covering developments from 27 Oct.-26 Nov. 2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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S/2018/1030 (15 November 2018): Report of the Security Council mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 5-7 October 2018: http://undocs.org/S/2018/1030 S/2018/977 (31 October 2018): Letter dated 29 October 2018 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/977 Transmits, pursuant to para. 61 of Security Council resolution 2409 (2018), 30-day update covering developments from 29 Sept.-26 Oct. 2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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S/RES/2439 (2018): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2439(2018)

on condemning attacks by armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and their role in exacerbating the Ebola virus outbreak

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S/2018/786 (28 August 2018): Letter dated 24 August 2018 from the SecretaryGeneral addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/786 Transmits, pursuant to para. 61 of Security Council resolution 2409 (2018), 30-day update covering developments from 26 July-24 Aug. 2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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S/2018/762 (8 August 2018): Letter dated 7 August 2018 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/762 Transmits, pursuant to para. 61 of Security Council resolution 2409 (2018), 30-day update covering developments from 1-31 July 2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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S/AC.51/2018/2 (7 August 2018): Conclusions on children and armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict: http://undocs.org/S/AC.51/2018/2 S/RES/2424 (2018): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2424(2018) on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2019 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2019

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S/2018/531 (4 June 2018): Letter dated 20 May 2018 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2018/531 Transmits final report of the Group of Experts pursuant to para. 6 of the Security Council resolution 2360 (2017).

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S/2018/502 (25 May 2018): Children and armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Report of the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2018/502 6th report prepared pursuant to Security Council resolution 1612 (2005) and subsequent resolutions; covers the period from 1 Jan. 2014-31 Dec. 2017; focuses on six grave violations committed against children since the previous report (S/2014/453).

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S/2018/362 (18 April 2018): Letter dated 16 April 2018 from the Permanent Representatives of Peru, Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General: http://undocs.org/S/2018/362

Transmits summary note of the meeting of the Security Council Informal Expert Group on Women, Peace and Security on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, held on 28 Feb. 2018.

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S/RES/2409 (2018): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2409(2018)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 31 Mar. 2019

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S/2017/1103 (29 December 2017): Letter dated 22 December 2017 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/1103 Transmits report of the Committee's activities for 2017.

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S/2017/1091 (22 December 2017): Letter dated 22 December 2017 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/1091 Transmits midterm report of the Group of Experts.

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S/RES/2389 (2017): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2389(2017) on implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region

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S/2017/963 (17 November 2017): Report of the Secretary-General on progress in the implementation of the political agreement of 31 December 2016: http://undocs.org/S/2017/963 Submitted pursuant to resolution 2348 (2017), covers developments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 29 Sept. 2017.

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S/2017/826 (29 September 2017): Special report of the Secretary-General on the strategic review of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: http://undocs.org/S/2017/826 Includes UN map no. 4412 rev. 25: MONUSCO Sept. 2017 (Sept. 2017).

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S/2017/712 (15 August 2017): Report of the Secretary-General on progress in the implementation of the political agreement of 31 December 2016: http://undocs.org/S/2017/712

Submitted pursuant to resolution 2348 (2017), covers developments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 30 June 2017.

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S/2017/672 (10 August 2017): Letter dated 4 August 2017 from the Group of Experts extended pursuant to Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2017/672 and http://undocs.org/S/2017/672/Rev.1 Transmits final report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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S/RES/2360 (2017): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2360(2017)

on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by Security Council resolution 2293 (2016) until 1 July 2018 and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2018

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S/2017/435 (17 May 2017): Report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the political agreement of 31 December 2016 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: http://undocs.org/S/2017/435 Submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 2384 (2017); covers developments since 27 Mar. 2017.

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S/RES/2348 (2017): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2348(2017)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 31 Mar. 2018

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S/2016/1086 (30 December 2016): Letter dated 27 December 2016 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2016/1086 Transmits report of the Committee's activities for 2016.

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S/2016/922 (3 November 2016): Letter dated 31 October 2016 from the Permanent Representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2016/922 Transmits the communiqué of the 7th High-Level Meeting of the Regional Oversight Mechanism of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region held in Luanda on 26 Oct. 2016.

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S/2016/883 (2 November 2016): Letter dated 20 October 2016 from the Permanent Representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2016/883 Transmits the "Political Agreement for the Holding of Peaceful, Credible and Transparent Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo", signed on 18 Oct. 2016, and related press releases from the Chairperson of the African Union and the facilitator of the national dialogue.

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S/RES/2293 (2016): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2293(2016)

on renewal of measures on arms embargo against the Democratic Republic of the Congo imposed by resolution 1807 (2008) and extension of the mandate of the Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) until 1 Aug. 2017

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S/2016/466 (23 May 2016): Letter dated 23 May 2016 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2016/466 Transmits final report of the Group of Experts.

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S/RES/2277 (2016): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2277(2016)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 31 Mar. 2017 o

S/2015/1040 (28 December 2015): Letter dated 24 December 2015 from the Chair of the Security Council Working Group on Peacekeeping Operations addressed to the President of the Security Council: http://undocs.org/S/2015/1040 Transmits concept note for the Security Council Working Group on Peacekeeping Operations thematic discussion, entitled "The Intervention Brigade of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : lessons learned", held on 19 Oct. 2015.

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S/RES/2211 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2211(2015)

on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 31 Mar. 2016

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S/2015/179 (12 March 2015): Letter dated 12 March 2015 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council http://undocs.org/S/2015/179 Refers to Security Council resolution 2198 (2015) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo and extending the mandate of the Group of Experts; provides the names of the experts appointed to serve on the Group of Experts

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S/RES/2198 (2015): http://undocs.org/S/RES/2198(2015)

on renewal of measures on arms embargo against all non-governmental entities and individuals operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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S/2015/19 (12 January 2015): Letter dated 12 January 2015 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council http://undocs.org/S/2015/19 Transmits final report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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S/AC.51/2014/3 (18 September 2014): Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict: conclusions on children and armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo http://undocs.org/S/AC.51/2014/3

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Further documents – click here

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Further information - Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council (19592019): https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/repertoire/africa#cat16

Human Rights Council •

Team of international experts on the situation in Kasaï: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/ITEKasaiDRC/Pages/Index.aspx o o o

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A/HRC/45/50 (27 August 2020): Report of the Team of International Experts on the Situation in Kasai: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/45/50 A/HRC/41/31 (7 May 2019): Report of the Team of International Experts on the Situation in Kasai: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/41/31 A/HRC/38/31 (3 July 2018): Situation in Kasaï: report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: http://undocs.org/A/HRC/38/31

Human Rights Council holds enhanced dialogue on the human rights situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (20 March 2018): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22868 8th Special session of the Human Rights Council: The situation of the human rights in the East of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (28 November 2008) http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/SpecialSessions/Session8/Pages/8thSpecialSession.aspx

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Further documents: http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?c=51&su=60

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Selected Statements and Speeches by UN Officials • • • • • • • • • • •

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Secretary-General strongly condemns attack on camp for internally displaced in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20755, 1 June 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20755.doc.htm Saddened by deadly volcano eruption in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General says United Nations providing humanitarian aid, peacekeepers mobilizing air assets (SG/SM/20741, 24 May 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20741.doc.htm Secretary-General condemns deadly attack on peacekeepers in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20719, 11 May 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20719.doc.htm Secretary-General strongly condemns Italian Ambassador’s killing, with 3 others, in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20593, 22 February 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20593.doc.htm Shocked Secretary-General strongly condemns massacre of civilians in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20527, 6 January 2021): https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm20527.doc.htm Condemning Kinshasa violence, Secretary-General calls for peaceful dialogue to resolve political differences in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20489, 9 December 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20489.doc.htm Concerned by deadly violence in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General reiterates support for State authorities to prosecute perpetrators (SG/SM/20245, 11 September 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20245.doc.htm Bachelet urges investigation into death threats against Dr Mukwege (28 August 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26190 Secretary-General strongly condemns deadly attack against United Nations Peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/20140, 23 June 2020): https://www.un.org/press/en/2020/sgsm20140.doc.htm DR Congo: Bachelet says new Government has “window of opportunity” after peaceful political transition (29 January 2020): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25506 Joint statement from WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Under-SecretaryGeneral for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Mark Lowcock, UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore, and WFP Executive Director David Beasley (31 July 2019): https://un4.me/2qUIHaY Remarks by the Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock, at the High-level meeting on the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Geneva, Switzerland, 15 July 2019: https://un4.me/351BnJ6 Enhanced Interactive Dialogue on the situation of human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Statement by Mr. Andrew Gilmour, Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, 41st Human Rights Council session - Item 10, 9 July 2019: https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24808 More resources needed to control Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo, SecretaryGeneral says, urging all Congolese leaders to work together (SG/SM/19571, 8 May 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19571.doc.htm Secretary-General condemns deadly attack against health centre in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/19548, 19 April 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19548.doc.htm Secretary-General notes provisional results for Democratic Republic of Congo Presidential Election, calls on stakeholders to refrain from violence (SG/SM/19428, 9 January 2019): https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sgsm19428.doc.htm Secretary-General calls upon all actors in Democratic Republic of Congo to ensure violence-free environment for upcoming elections (SG/SM/19420, 28 December 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19420.doc.htm DRC: UN Human Rights Chief calls for measures to prevent further violence ahead of crucial election (14 December 2018): https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24019 Secretary-General condemns killing of peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of Congo, tells armed groups to stop hostilities, disarm immediately (SG/SM/19345-PKO/756, 15 November 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19345.doc.htm Secretary-General outraged by murder of civilians in Democratic Republic of Congo, calls on armed groups to immediately cease attacks (SG/SM/19313, 22 October 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19313.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes Democratic Republic of Congo President’s decision to abide by constitution, country’s progress towards elections in December (SG/SM/19162, 9 August 2018): https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm19162.doc.htm

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Enhanced interactive dialogue on the Democratic Republic of the Congo: 38th session of the Human Rights Council - Statement by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, 3 July 2018: https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23316 Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock, Opening remarks at the Humanitarian Conference on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (13 April 2018): https://reliefweb.int/node/2556529 Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock: Statement on United Nations and Humanitarian Community Making Progress in Scaling Up Aid to People in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 5 April 2018: https://un4.me/2KwhFzi Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock: Statement to the Security Council on the humanitarian situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, New York, 19 March 2018: https://un4.me/2KInkOV United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock - Remarks to the media in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo on 13 March 2018: https://un4.me/2tX3Gsn Secretary-General condemns deadly attack on peacekeeper in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/18875-PKO/703, 27 January 2018): http://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm18875.doc.htm Disturbed by reported killing of protesters in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General calls on authorities to conduct credible investigation (SG/SM/18864, 22 January 2018): http://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sgsm18864.doc.htm Concerned by reports of security forces in Democratic Republic of Congo violently dispersing protests, Secretary-General calls for restraint (SG/SM/18846, 31 December 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18846.doc.htm Outraged Secretary-General condemns deadly attack on peacekeepers, armed forces in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/18817-PKO/698, 8 December 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18817.doc.htm Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Mark Lowcock - Remarks at the member states briefing on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 16 November 2017: https://un4.me/2jkwMvh Crucial for DRC authorities to allow peaceful expression of dissent at protests today – Zeid (15 November 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22397 Condemning attacks on peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General warns they could be considered war crimes (SG/SM/18740-PKO/675, 9 October 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18740.doc.htm Secretary-General condemns killing of peacekeeper in Democratic Republic of Congo, urges all armed groups to end violence (SG/SM/18688-PKO/668, 18 September 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18688.doc.htm Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Stephen O’Brien - Statement to Member States on his 16-21 July 2017 mission to the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (7 August 2017): http://bit.ly/2wOA7Im DRC: High Commissioner Zeid welcomes creation of international investigation into Kasais (23 June 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21797 Statement of the High Commissioner to the Interactive dialogue on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 35th session of the Human Rights Council, 20 June 2017: http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21779 DRC: Zeid calls for international investigation into massive human rights violations in Kasais (9 June 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21714 DRC: Further mass graves and killings discovered in Kasais, says Zeid (19 April 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21511 ‘Deeply saddened’ Secretary-General confirms discovery of experts’ remains, urges full investigation while pledging cooperation in search for missing Congolese (SG/SM/18474-PKO/628, 28 March 2017): http://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sgsm18474.doc.htm Statement by Andrew Gilmour, Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, at the Human Rights Council's Interactive Dialogue on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Geneva, 22 March 2017: http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21489 Zeid calls for immediate halt to DRC killings (20 February 2017): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21205 Secretary-General hails Democratic Republic of Congo Political Agreement as ‘significant step’, urging concrete measures to prepare for polls (SG/SM/18398-AFR/3518, 31 December 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18398.doc.htm

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Accountability for killings of protesters vital, Zeid says, as DRC crisis continues (23 December 2016): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21059 Condemning deadly attack on Peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of the Congo, SecretaryGeneral calls for investigation, bringing perpetrators to justice (SG/SM/18383-AFR/3511-PKO/618, 19 December 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18383.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes continued mediation by religious leaders for inclusive elections in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/18335-AFR/3497, 6 December 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18335.doc.htm Noting Prime Minister appointment, Secretary-General welcomes ‘first concrete step’ in implementing Democratic Republic of Congo Political Agreement (SG/SM/18277-AFR/3490, 17 November 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18277.doc.htm Secretary-General condemns attack in Democratic Republic of Congo on civilians, United Nations peacekeepers (SG/SM/18257-AFR/3485-PKO/611, 8 November 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18257.doc.htm Secretary-General, in Message to Peace and Security Framework for Democratic Republic of Congo, urges faster disarmament, demobilization efforts (SG/SM/18233-AFR/3477, 26 October 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18233.doc.htm Commending facilitator, participants in Democratic Republic of Congo dialogue, Secretary-General urges government to remain engaged with all stakeholders (SG/SM/18217-AFR/3472, 19 October 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18217.doc.htm Remarks by Kate Gilmore, Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, at the 33rd session of the Human Rights Council on the Democratic Republic of Congo (27 September 2016): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20592 Condemning clashes in Democratic Republic of Congo between protesters, security forces, Secretary-General urges stakeholders to refrain from further violence (SG/SM/18086-AFR/3448, 19 September 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18086.doc.htm Secretary-General, noting dialogue launch in Democratic Republic of Congo, urges political groups to play constructive role paving way to credible elections (SG/SM/18026-AFR/3443, 2 September 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18026.doc.htm Secretary-General calls on Democratic Republic of Congo stakeholders to overcome electoral process impasses by engaging in inclusive dialogue (SG/SM/17997-AFR/3434, 23 August 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17997.doc.htm Appalled by reported civilian deaths in Democratic Republic of Congo, Secretary-General reiterates commitment to support authorities (SG/SM/17983-AFR/3429, 15 August 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17983.doc.htm Opening remarks by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein at a press conference during his mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (21 July 2016): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20293 Security Council leadership critical to defusing tensions in Democratic Republic of Congo, Deputy Secretary-General stresses (DSG/SM/991-SC/12438-AFR/3408, 7 July 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/dsgsm991.doc.htm Amid rising tensions, Secretary-General calls on stakeholders in Democratic Republic of Congo to place country’s interests above their own (SG/SM/17790-AFR/3385, 25 May 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17790.doc.htm Congolese Ex-Rebel Commander’s guilty verdict for war crimes sends strong signal that impunity ‘will not be tolerated’, Secretary-General says (SG/SM/17621-AFR/3351-L/3254, 22 March 2016): http://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm17621.doc.htm Statement by Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, to a side-event on Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo (8 March 2016): http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=17176 Condemning attack by Allied Democratic Forces against Democratic Republic of Congo peacekeepers, Secretary-General urges swiftly bringing offenders to justice (SG/SM/17374AFR/3280-PKO/546, 30 November 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17374.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes trial judgement by German Criminal Court against Rwandans aiding war crimes in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/17183-AFR/3229-L/3248, 2 October 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm17183.doc.htm Secretary-General applauds new framework as ‘surest route’ for peace, security, cooperation for Democratic Republic of the Congo, region (SG/SM/17150-AFR/3226, 29 September 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/17150.doc.htm Secretary-General condemns killing of peacekeepers in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/16732-AFR/3129-PKO/481, 5 May 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16732.doc.htm

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19 March 2015, Security Council Briefing on the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Special Envoy Said Djinnit: http://www.un.org/undpa/node/183388 Concerned by deteriorating situation in Democratic Republic of Congo following draft electoral law, Secretary-General calls on parties to resume dialogue (SG/SM/16478-AFR/3057, 22 January 2015): http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sgsm16478.doc.htm DRC: Conviction of ‘Colonel 106’ major boost in fight against impunity – Zeid (18 December 2014): http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15436 Concerned about threats, Secretary-General condemns expulsion of United Nations Director from Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/16272-AFR/2996-HR/5220, 21 October 2014): http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sgsm16272.doc.htm Zeid condemns expulsion of top UN human rights official in DRC (19 October 2014): http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15185 Secretary-General welcomes International Criminal Court Verdict convicting rebel leader for atrocities in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/15695-AFR/2834-L/3229, 7 March 2014): http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sgsm15695.doc.htm Deputy Secretary-General, at Meeting on Democratic Republic of Congo, calls for comprehensive strategy to end instability, conflict (DSG/SM/740-AFR/2807, 31 January 2014): http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/dsgsm740.doc.htm Secretary-General welcomes Kampala Dialogue’s conclusion as ‘positive step’ towards ending deadly violence in Democratic Republic of Congo (SG/SM/15538-AFR/2766, 12 December 2013): http://www.un.org/press/en/2013/sgsm15538.doc.htm

Further Information •

UN Member States on the Record: Democratic Republic of the Congo https://library.un.org/unms?combine=democratic+republic+of+the+congo UN Member States on the Record provides access to information about membership and statements of Member States at the UN.

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United Nations Expert Panel on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/repertoire/groups-and-panels o

Reports: https://un4.me/2wo0zuf

United Nations Treaty Collection – Historical Information: https://treaties.un.org/pages/HistoricalInfo.aspx?clang=_en#DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo Democratic Republic of the Congo - As from 17 May 1997.

Formerly: "Zaire" until 16 May 1997 and "Democratic Republic of the Congo" until 27 October 1971.

Non-UN Sources •

The Humanitarian (formerly “IRIN News”) – DRC: http://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/africa/east-africa/drc

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Security Council Report – Democratic Republic of the Congo http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/

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Global Policy Forum o

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Democratic Republic of the Congo: http://www.globalpolicy.org/security-council/index-of-countries-on-the-security-councilagenda/democratic-republic-of-congo.html UN Documents on Diamonds in Conflict: http://www.globalpolicy.org/the-dark-side-ofnatural-resources-st/diamonds-in-conflict/un-documents.html 1 June 2021 not an official document – for information only https://unric.org/en/unric-library-backgrounder-drc/