Yak Magazine - August Issue by UON Student Central

Issue 37 // August 2016 By Students, for Students

Cosmetic surgery on students // Fad dieting // Debunking sex myths // Taking a mental health day //

Yak Magazine // August 2016

Yak Magazine // The Body Issue Issue 37 // August 2016 We are Yak Media: the University of Newcastle’s student media channel, run by UON students. Our three platforms: YAK Magazine, YAK Blog, and YAK TV – are run by dedicated teams of students. Yak works hard to bring you stories covering all aspects of student life, from health and wellbeing, to travel and entertainment, to politics and study tips. Let us know if you like what we do, have any suggestions for story ideas, or if you would like to get involved.

SUBMISSIONS

The Yak editorial team is always on the look out for passionate student writers and graphic designers to contribute to the blog and magazine. If you would like to take the opportunity to get your work published, please send a sample of your writing or graphic design work to: yakmedia@newcastle.edu.au

STAY CONNECTED 2

www.yakatuon.com facebook.com/YakMedia twitter.com/YakMedia instagram.com/YakMedia yakmedia@newcastle.edu.au

Check out Yak Digital online! Scan here.

EDITORIAL

Managing Editor // Sarah Webb Deputy Managing Editor // Sarah James Digital Managing Editor // Bridie O’Shea Deputy Digital Managing Editor // Jack Moran Promotions Coordinator // Chelsea Groth Writer // Nadene Budden Writer // Chris Daniel Writer // Georgia Mueck Writer // Michaela Wagland

DESIGN

Lead Graphic Designer // Breanna Yates Lead Digital Designer // Jackie Brock Graphic Designer // Emily Cranidge Graphic Designer // Kathleen Maier Graphic Designer // Laura Unicomb

CONTRIBUTORS Writer Writer Writer Writer Writer Writer Writer Writer Writer Writer

// // // // // // // // // //

Angelique Carr Kait Fenwick Doug Gillespie Bridget Gunn Gunnaina Kohli Renee McIntosh Shanaya Paech Annabelle Regan Kieran Resevsky Nick Smit

Photographer Photographer Photographer Photographer Photographer Photographer Photographer

Printed by PrintCentre on Callaghan Campus.

Simon Atkinson Kris Atomic Kim Saberton Stas Svechnikov Steven Van Joy Alex Winner Leonie Wise

‘Forecast Projected Spending on the PBS Graph’ // National Commission of Audit

// // // // // // //

Cover // Emily Cranidge

Yak Magazine // August 2016

CONTENTS 05 // Have Your Yak : Editorial

27 // Mic Drop : Jen Buxton

06 // Have Your Yak : Students

28 // The Wonders of Ayurveda

08 // Road Testing Fad Diets

29 // The Unhealthy Routines of Student Life

10 // The Rise of Revenge Porn

30 // Time to Raise the Red Flag

11 // The Tampon Tax

31 // 5 Tips : Happy Mind, Happy Body

12 // Arts : The Art of Sleeping

32 // The Mythology of Sex

13 // Clubs & Societies : Food Science and Nutrition

34 // The Importance of Consent

14 // Letters to My Body

35 // Orphan Drugs

16 // A Look at Campus Services for Students with Disabilities

39 // A Day in the Life : A Bodybuilder

17 // The Body Donor Program at UON

40 // Getting to Know You

18 // Lets Talk About Sexuality and Gender

41 // Health : UON’s Support Community for Sexual Health

20 // Study Snapshot : The Science of Sperm

42 // Give Your Brain a Break

21 // Mass Debate : Masturbation

43 // Watt Space : The Art of Swiping Right

22 // Is Going Under the Knife Carving Up our Self Esteem?

44 // The Fashion Industry and Body Image

24 // Middle Page Spread

45 // Beware of the Chair

26 // Baring it All for Art

46 // What’s On : August & September

17.

08. 3

22. 44.

24.

28.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

EDITOR’S LETTER Welcome back to another semester! In this month’s issue, our team explores all the wonders of the mind, body and sex and, as university students, we’re fascinated by all of these elements. We’re probably more fascinated with the power of the mind, what with being in an intellectual environment, but what about body power over that mind? A body might be our true confinement and the most demanding when we struggle to sit through those final exams and try to reach the minimum word count of that 3000 word essay. We tend to serve the immediate needs of the body for our entire existence. We are what we eat; we are what we think; and we can hardly think of anything else under the pressure of an immediate need of the body.

This beautiful beast – our body – can instantly turns us from a caregiver to a burden when we, for example, break only one of our 206 bones. Would you prefer another if you could choose? If anybody heard “No” to that question, drop me a line. Nature’s finest creations carry a readily available list of imperfections, starting with the nose: “How come you can see these pores?” Apparently, the desire for a healthy and beautiful body is second to none. Almost the entire budget (which in my case, doesn’t leave a lot of room for things other than food and rent) goes into adamantly obliging a beautiful beast: it needs a warm home, running water, light, electricity, and tons of electronics to cut down on the movements the majesty needs to make to otherwise serve itself. We’re also told to exercise our bodies after they successfully manage to escape all that natural exercise we had as children. Now, even as students, we must generate income to support it all.

The body forms our mind through many ways; social influences top the list of the least justifiable. Humans’ initial acceptance or rejection, triggered by appearances alone, may discourage from achieving or creating a room of opportunity in one’s mind. Despite the consolation of inner beauty, our look has a concrete footprint perception in the minds of people around us, and defines the trade for a sexual partner; another fundamental craving of the body – its reproductive instinct. In scientific terms, living organisms with syngenesis are genetically attracted to an appearance of perfect health. The body can be a tyrant and dictator. Can I dance Swan Lake? No. Or can I at least skate? No. Okay, can I swim up and down an Olympic sized pool for more than five minutes? Maybe. And I didn’t even ask yet about flying. The more we live, the more we tend to uncover just how fragile this beautiful beast is that holds us. However, the body may also graciously bless us with a glimpse of the heights of earthly pleasure. In the end, we are who we are for a reason and, as students, we’re constantly striving to do the best we can with what we have. So remember to take care of your body; appreciate your body. Embrace the beautiful beast within (and out) to get you through the final semester and beyond. Sarah and the Yak team.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

HAVE YOUR YAK // EDITORIAL TEAM “ What is your favourite part of your body? ”

Sarah Webb Magazine Editor “My piano fingers. I haven’t met fingers longer than mine.”

Sarah James Deputy Magazine Editor “My cheekbones. I don’t have to contour too much.”

Jackelyn Bassett Outgoing Digital Editor “My freckly shoulders.”

Bridie O’Shea Digital Editor “My eyes. I’ve come to appreciate their colour and shape.”

Jack Moran Deputy Digital Editor “My eyes. They aren’t one definable colour and I like that.”

Nadene Budden Writer “I’ll say my nose. It holds all of my personality.”

Chris Daniel Writer “My brain.”

Georgia Mueck Writer “My brain.”

Michaela Wagland Writer “My right arm - I have a third degree burn in the shape of TAS.”

Chelsea Groth Promotions Officer “My hands! I think my fingers could even rival yours, Sarah!”

Breanna Yates Lead Graphic Designer “My heart, it’s a pretty vital body part.”

Jackie Brock Lead Digital Designer “My smile - being happy is always good.”

Emily Cranidge Graphic Designer “My eyes-for helping me see the world.”

Kathleen Maier Graphic Designer “My hands - without them I wouldn’t be able to design!”

Laura Unicomb Graphic Designer “My eyes- windows to the soul.” Designed by Laura Unicomb

Yak Magazine // August 2016

HAVE YOUR YAK // VOX POPS “What is your favourite guilty pleasure food?”

Molly Walker Bachelor of Engineering (Environmental)/Science

Nigel Allen Bachelor of Business/Commerce

Bronte Linich Bachelor of Business/ Diploma in Languages

“Pizza.”

“Dumplings.”

“Brownies.”

Liam McLeish Newstep

Gabe Parker Bachelor of Communication

Jillian Baker Newstep

“Pizza.”

“Chicken Schnitzel.”

“Nachos.”

Yak Magazine // August 2016

Tahlia Paget Newstep

Sophie Maxwell Newstep

Brad Borg Newstep

“Chocolate.”

“KFC.”

“Nutella.”

Thomas Knox Newstep

Daneesha Williams Bachelor of Natural History Illustration

Tess Pohlmer Bachelor of Natural History Illustration

“Pizza.”

“Tim Tams.”

“M&Ms.”

Yak Magazine // August 2016

ROAD TESTING FAD DIETS Jack Moran looks at the merits of some of the most ubiquitous fad diets, with help from Bridget Gunn and Renee McIntosh.

Every so often, a new diet comes around, promising that it’s the best yet. A devoted following will spring up around it, fiercely loyal and swearing by it. Cook books appear and countless blogs begin churning out recipe ideas and stories of how the diet changes lives. Celebrities jump on the bandwagon and promote the diet too, and there might even be some scientific research that seems to give it some legitimacy.

Sometimes what constituted ‘paleo’ felt pretty arbitrary. A reasoning for eating any non-paleo food seemed to be only a Google search away in most cases. One site said I could eat butter, despite it being a dairy product, because it’s mostly fat. I am still confused by that.

But are these fad diets really all they’re cracked up to be? To investigate, we picked three popular diet trends. We challenged ourselves to try them out for a week – or less if the diet specified – and talk about the results.

I did feel like I had more energy, which was something I was looking for. Going without cereal for the week really made me realise that it is not a good breakfast. Investing the extra time and effort in making something more substantial, like an omelette, meant I was way less sluggish than I normally am throughout the day.

Renee McIntosh – RAW DIET

I also learned that I hate almond milk. Normally I’d say ‘hate’ is a strong word, but not here. I just can’t stand it.

Raw food, I thought I’d be pretty good at eating it. I’m a decent cook and eat a lot of vegetarian food. I stocked up on some ingredients like chia seeds and almonds, and thought it would be great! I was going to try out some new recipes and try to make some healthier snack choices. I made hummus, cocoa-date energy balls and dehydrated vegetarian ‘chicken’ nuggets from scratch. I then started reading more about raw food that night. Coffee isn’t raw. Eating too much raw kale can result in thyroid problems if you are prone to that already. Sugar isn’t raw. Potatoes, bread, corn chips and all forms of pasteurised dairy were also off limits. Once I read more and more about what I couldn’t eat, I found it much harder. Apparently, the hummus I made wasn’t even raw because I didn’t make it from sprouted chickpeas. I awoke on the fourth day hungry for starch, sugar and the glutinous crunch of warm toast. I broke. I binged out. All I ate that morning was toast and coffee and, later in the day, biscuits. My body could not survive on a raw diet. (Chia pudding is actually good though).

Jack Moran – PALEO DIET

I’d never tried a diet before, so I was interested in seeing how I went sticking to it. Out of sheer stubbornness, I did manage to last the whole week, but sometimes, it was hard. I realised that I eat a lot of bread and other grain-based products, so cutting that out of my life definitely required some planning. Dairy, on the other hand, was actually really easy to forego.

Bridget Gunn – THREE DAY SOUP CLEANSE I didn’t have too many high expectations before starting Dr Oz’s 3-Day Souping Detox. I have a pretty good diet usually, and three days didn’t seem like enough time for any drastic changes to take place. The diet was quite flexible, the majority of soup cleanses provide a list of appropriate ingredients and allow the dieter’s imagination to take it from there. By making a few types of soups, the diet didn’t seem so repetitive. However, even a few days still feels like a long time to eat soup, with three meals per day!

“Once I read more and more about what I couldn’t eat, I found it much harder.” Being able to choose recipes helped to keep costs down, as I could pick and choose somewhat from the sale items at the supermarket. However, it did mean there was a fair bit of preparation prior to starting the diet. This cleanse definitely reinforces the importance of sticking to vegetables, staying away from red meats, and lots (I mean lots) of fibre. As the name of the diet suggested, I definitely felt cleansed. Even for a strict non-dieter, the soup cleanse wasn’t a struggle. That being said, I don’t think I will be eating another bowl of soup for a while!

Yak Magazine // August 2016

Fad diets can be a bit nebulous. Every diet seems to have different variations and methods, depending on what source you find. They’re also not necessarily achievable for everyone and don’t have the same results for every individual. The right diet for you can depend on a lot of factors such as lifestyle, exercise, age, and body type, so one-size-fits all diets can’t always cater to your needs. According to information from the Dietician’s Association of Australia’s website, fad diets also tend to eliminate entire food groups and mean that important nutrients can be left out. They generally provide short terms results, but can be difficult to maintain in the long term.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

o Ph c to ou rte o sy fU pla ns sh

THE RISE OF REVENGE PORN

// s Sta ec Sv hn v iko

Bridie O’Shea implores you to take a stand against the non-consensual sharing of sexually explicit visuals, as she delves into the dark world of ‘revenge porn’.

“We only slept with each other a couple of times, but would talk semi regularly, usually about sex. The last time we slept together, he whipped his phone out and took some photos and videos. I didn’t really think much of it, which was probably naïve.” 10

UON student, Lauren Whittaker*, was involved with someone who showed and distributed sexually explicit images of her to his friends – an ultimate betrayal of trust.

“One in 10 Australians have had a nude or semi-nude image of themselves distributed without their permission. This colossal breach of trust must end.” “I told him not to show anybody, but he obviously thought it was funny. I think he enjoyed the power of having the video, knowing that I wasn’t able to stop him, and knowing that it bothered me that I had no control over the situation,” Lauren said. This kind of abuse is a growing epidemic in our modern world, commonly known as ‘revenge porn’. Revenge porn is the sexually explicit portrayal of one or more people’s images and/or videos being distributed without their consent. In 2015, the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) conducted a survey with 3000 Australians between 18 and 55 years of age regarding online abuse and harassment. They found that one in 10 Australians have had a nude or semi-nude image of themselves distributed without their permission. This colossal breach of trust must end. On Thursday, February 18, 2016, Law Reform and Policy Coordinator for Women’s Legal Services NSW (WLSNSW), Elizabeth Snell, gave recent submissions and evidence before parliamentary committees on this issue. Snell said, “We consider the term ‘revenge porn’ to be a misnomer. Firstly, the behaviour is not always motivated by revenge. Designed by Breanna Yates

For example, a desire to entertain, to make money or to achieve notoriety. Other motives include to cause harm, to humiliate, to punish, to coerce, to control, to gain social status, or for sexual gratification.” To humiliate and to control hits home for Lauren. She is now cautious about who she shares sexual images with. “I’ve sent nudes to people since this happened,” she said. “Generally not fully naked and not with my face in them, but I haven’t allowed myself to be filmed since.” As we can in many accounts of abuse before, punishments are pushed onto the victims. How many times have we heard, “Well, if you didn’t take naked photos, none of this would’ve happened”? What you choose to do with your body is your decision, and individuals shouldn’t be made to feel like it is their fault that someone else distributed those images without their permission. Snell also criticises the current outdated ideologies at play, and said, “Rather than victim blaming, instead, we should be focused on holding the person posting the images to account for their wrongful actions.” Currently, police can charge people under the federal crime of ‘using a carriage service to menace and harass’, but legal experts and domestic violence advocates believe this is insufficient. The WLSNSW is currently fighting to ensure that these claims of abuse are being taken seriously, so that people like Lauren no longer feel powerless in their situations. It’s time we took back our bodies and our power. If you, or anyone you know finds yourself in a similar situation, SmartSafe have legal guides that can offer assistance and information at www.smartsafe.org.au. WLSNSW offer free confidential legal information, advice and referrals for women in NSW on 1800 801 501 or at www.wlsnsw.org.au. *Name changed for anonymity.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

THE TAMPON TAX Women’s health is important, so stop taxing my period, writes Georgia Mueck. Every person with a uterus might have a period story. Whether it’s a story about surprise bleeds and the ensuing quest for tampons, dealing with cramps, or learning all the best ways to get blood stains out of clothes, we’ve all been there. Menstruation is an inescapable fact of life for every ovulating person in Australia, and sanitary products enable us to maintain a standard of health and hygiene that we would struggle to have without them. Yet, the Australian government still sees fit to tax our periods 10 per cent under the GST, despite the fact that half the population has the potential to bleed every month. They even go so far as to deem our sanitary products as ‘non-essentials’, as though we could go without these products and resort to using unhygienic rags like was once the norm 100 or so years ago.

“It shows the massive hypocrisy when it comes to health products that aren't gendered or are targeted for men, and products that are, presumably, marketed for women.” On the other hand, products like condoms, lubricants, sunscreen, and nicotine patches are all deemed important health goods and thus tax-free. The logic here is incredibly difficult to understand, as providing sanitary hygiene products is a health issue of equal importance to promoting safe sex or quitting smoking, and yet, it is not prioritised as one. Perhaps part of the reluctance to remove the tax from sanitary items is the fact that doing so would leave a tax shortfall of approximately $30 million AUD annually. That does seem like a lot of money indeed. That is, until you consider the fact that taxpayers pay over $40 million per annum on the six-figure pensions of retired politicians, as reported by the Sydney Morning Herald in 2016. While we won’t get into any finger pointing or insinuations of blame, it does beg the question of where our government’s priorities lie.

signatures since its creation last year, and both the Greens and the Labor Party have both called for the tax to be abolished. The hashtag #TheHomelessPeriod also trended on social media, as the issue shone a light on those who were most vulnerable, and who would also benefit the most from a removal of the tax.

“Menstruation is an inescapable fact of life for every ovulating person in Australia, and sanitary products enable us to maintain a standard of health and hygiene that we would struggle to have without them.” Convener of University of Newcastle Women’s Collective, Jacinta Mortell, laments that while most health related products are exempt from the GST, menstrual products are classed as luxury items. Something that is undoubtedly a result of gender inequality. “I think it shows the massive hypocrisy when it comes to health products that aren’t gendered or are targeted for men, and products that are, presumably, marketed for women. The Women’s Collective provides free tampons and pads to anyone who needs them, as well as information on safe sex, menstruation, and contraception,” Jacinta said. The removal of the tampon tax would be another step in the right direction; that being the direction of gender equity for Australia. It would mean acknowledging that women’s health is of equal importance to men’s and that, though menstruation does not affect the entire population, providing accessible sanitary hygiene products for those who do menstruate is an essential service. If you are in need of any of the above sanitary products, or just looking for some like-minded people, head to the NUSA building on Callaghan campus to find the Women’s Collective Safe Space for women-identifying students at the University of Newcastle.

Since May last year, the injustice of the tampon tax has come under fire from both the public and political sectors. A petition called Stop Taxing My Period has garnered over 100,000 Designed by Kathleen Maier

Yak Magazine // August 2016

ARTS // THE ART OF SLEEPING It’s not always an easy task getting a good night’s sleep. Experienced sleeper, Kieran Resevsky, is here to help.

Studies show that when it comes to sleep, the quality of our ‘Zzz’ is more important than the quantity. To find out how to get the best night’s sleep, we spoke to UON PhD student, Romany McGuffog, who shared with us some of the most important sleep hacks.

6. Use your bed only for sleep and sex. It may sound strange, though using your bed for other activities such as studying, watching TV or being on your phone will cause your brain to disassociate your bed from sleep, which will make going to sleep harder.

1. Try to keep a regular sleep cycle of going to bed and getting up around the same time each day. Avoid using weekends to ‘catch up’ on sleep, as this can have a bad effect on health.

7. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants that may make sleep difficult.

2. Exercise regularly, preferably in the morning or afternoon. Take care not to exercise too close to bedtime as the adrenaline released by your body may keep you wide awake.

8. Don’t rely on things like alcohol or sleep tablets to help you get a better rest. Alcohol may help you fall asleep initially, but will cause fragmented sleep, an early wake up and a few toilet stops throughout the night. Sleeping tablets are beneficial temporarily when experiencing trouble with sleep, however, the body can become easily dependent on them once used consistently. Thousands of studies show that sleep provides an immeasurable amount of benefits, and if we deprive ourselves of a solid amount of sleep, we run the risk of numerous health problems. While sleep is an incredibly crucial player in overall health, it is often overshadowed by discussions of diet and exercise.

3. Spend time in natural light, as Vitamin D and sunlight will help synchronise your body clock. 4. Make your sleep environment as peaceful as possible. Reduce noises, lights and other objects that might be distracting, such as phones and computers.

5. Invest in a comfortable and quality mattress and pillow.

People will seldom brag about their success in consuming hefty amounts of Tim Tams or Shapes, but will offer to anyone within earshot discussions about the minuscule amount of sleep they can get by on. It seems to have become somewhat a ‘badge of honour’ to boast about how busy one can be with more important things than sleep, yet science shows us that becoming stronger, leaner, smarter and more emotionally stable relies on sleep being an important part of a person’s life. Considering humans spend an average of 24 years of their lives asleep, you’d be wise to make sure you’re getting the best seven to nine hours of rest you can each day. So grab a warm glass of milk and throw on your PJ’s. It’s time to get some sleep worth bragging about.

Photo courtesy of Unsplash // Leonie Wise

Yak Magazine // August 2016

CLUBS & SOCIETIES // FOOD SCIENCE HEALTH AND NUTRITION SOCIAL Chris Daniel discovers a club that promotes a healthy and nutritious lifestyle for students. With the staggering amount of clubs and societies on campus, most seem to overlook those directed at their specific field of study. Within the various health programs offered at UON, there may be limited societies devoted to their different functions, however, those that do exist can be found on the Clubs and Societies page on the University website.

“It brings students together to share ideas, food and good times.” Located on the Ourimbah campus, the Food Science Health and Nutrition Social, provides a society for postgraduate students to discuss research and to voice concerns about their program and courses. For students currently undertaking Honours in the Food Science and Human Nutrition degree, it provides a forum for conversation and reassurance whilst at university. It also brings students together to share ideas, food and good times.

Although the group is situated on Ourimbah campus, it is entirely run through social media, and will gladly accept students studying at other UON campuses. As it is currently undergoing major transformations, the Food Science Health and Nutrition Social is set to challenge and experiment with a new approach, with screenings of popular documentaries devoted to food science and health studies towards the end of the academic year.

“I started it last year to bring people together, help students engage and hopefully not feel so isolated in their study.” For students who are currently studying within the relevant degree, contact can be sought through the Clubs and Societies page on the University website, or via the Food Science Health and Nutrition Social Facebook group.

Founder of the Food Science Health and Nutrition Social, Ashka Broeksema, said she started it last year to bring people together. “I started it to help students engage and hopefully not feel so isolated in their study,” she said. Designed by Kathleen Maier

Yak Magazine // August 2016

LETTERS TO MY BODY Kait Fenwick receives some inspiring letters from people about their bodies. This article was inspired by the Tumblr page letterstomybody. tumblr.com. I wanted to localise the idea of writing a letter to oneself with a particular focus on Novocastrians living beyond the margins. The two letters below highlight the complexities of transgender identities and illustrate the difficulties that can arise

from building a relationship with one’s self within a whitewashed, heteronormative society. I hope to drive home the message that all bodies are good bodies and that they need not remain stagnant as all wonderful things exist in a constant state of flux.

Past student, Stephanie McCarthy, is a Novocastrian expat currently living in Sydney’s Inner East. She is a keen activist and a lover of live music. 14

You and I have known each othe r forever. We’ve been through so much, it’s frightening. Yet, we’re both still here. We’ve been hurt, fixed up, and hurt again. But whilst I must thank you, I must also blame you. I blam e you for the years I stared at you and asked “why?” I blame you for the constant reminde r of who I was, and what I was not. I blam e you for the fact that I could never be content with who I am. You’ve dictated to the wor ld what I am, even though it hurt so much to kno w that you did that, and you refu sed to be what you should have been. This is why I have to talk to you. You ’ve gotten me through the hardest times, but they were times that you helped cause. So, I have had to change you. I’ve had to say “enough!”, and bring you into line. I didn’t ask for you, and I’m sure you didn’t wan t me piloting you, but now we have to work together. To be what you really are, and for me to be who I really am. I can feel how much you’ve change d. I see the curves, I feel how soft you ’ve beco me. I know you’re running on the right fuel now . You can’t fight back with your mus cles , you can ’t cover me with your hair, you can’t make me see the man YOU were. Now, you are mine. You are not the battle I have to keep fighting, and you now truly belong to me. We have a long way to go, I know, but now I am connected to you . Now, the feelings you give me are mine. Now the plea sure I, and others, derive from you is real. You are me, and I am you. Together. The fight is ending, and I know you feel wha t I feel. I know that the soothing comfort of truth I’m finally experiencing is also yours. You are no longer the enemy that has followed my every move, and haunted my every thought. I have won. We both have . Love, Stephanie

Yak Magazine // August 2016

Bachelor Alex Dangaard is a 23 year old dent at the of Design (Architecture) stu y are a dog University of Newcastle. The lover and spicy food fanatic.

er.”

“You are me, and I am you. Togeth

to be letter on radical ryone else): this isn’t going eve d (an y bod my to er An open lett frustration and rage. self-love. This is a letter of y could have my skin sunburnt, that they wish the get not to ky luc I’m me People tell t people assume I’m at that means. It means tha wh w kno lly rea ’t don y the colour – but t people assume I can’t my whole life. It means tha e her d live I’ve ugh tho n foreign, eve I someone’s experiment, n why people date me – am stio que me kes ma It . lish speak Eng ther wouldn’t let me in the means that as a child, my mo It se? pha tic exo e’s eon am I som that she would pinch getting too tanned. It means skin my of r fea for g, lon sun for too ans being encouraged n’t get a ‘Filipinx’ nose. It me uld wo I es hop in y, bab a as my nose ry in porn. ts. It means being a catego to use skin whitening produc it. I’m told I’m too chubby, body, and I’m angry about my e hat to g rnin lea up I’ve grown g to hate my gender, enough. I’ve grown up learnin e rcis exe ’t don I t tha k, dar my skin is a woman, and not not feminine enough to be I’m told I’m it. ut abo ry and I’m ang hair isn’t long enough. told my hair is too short, my I’m n. ma a be to ugh eno masculine that it’s a phase. exist, that I’m confused, and I’m told my gender doesn’t uty standards leaves uty standards or ‘Filipinx’ bea bea ite wh into t fi to e abl Not being le beauty standards able to fit into female or ma ng bei t No a. are y gre a in my body you?”, only to be told constantly asked “what are I’m a. are y gre a in y bod leaves my that I “don’t look like it”. of me against all odds. y is trying to reclaim a side bod My bo. lim in me s put My body , while having it shoved tanced from my whole life dis n bee I’ve t tha ve rati It’s a nar in my face. are ready to fight with d and angry, but I hope you tire are you w kno I y: bod So to my me for the first time. – Alex.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

A LOOK AT CAMPUS SERVICES FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES Join Nadene Budden as she learns from students what it’s like to live with a disability on campus.

Uni life can be tough. It’s easy to forget about everything available to students, but how different can the experience be for students with disabilities?

In class, services include sign language interpreters, audio loops, screen readers and brail readers, supplied lecture and tutorial notes, and even the loan of furniture that includes adjustable desks and more ergonomic chairs. UON also offers flexible arrangements for formal exams and assessments, including typing, scribes and rest breaks to better accommodate the different needs of students. “It would be easy to say that this is enough,” said NUSA Equity Convenor, Ashlea Brumby, said. UON’s Callaghan campus, built on former swamplands, has its fair share of bumps, winding pathways and steep hills. “This swamp beats sandstone any day, but as a consequence of fitting into the environment, a lot of the campus is inaccessible to wheelchair users,” she said. With the added inclusion of a mobility bus, students can access all parts of the campus. However, it needs to be booked a week in advance, making impromptu lunch breaks and coffee dates almost impossible. Ashlea said she met one student who couldn’t really go for a café meet-up because carrying a coffee in lap and pushing a wheelchair is basically impossible without major burns risk. “Another student told me that, during 10 semesters of study, seven involved inaccessible tutorial rooms,” she said. Classes do eventually get moved, but some argue that such problems shouldn’t exist in the first place. “I have notes provided for my courses as I find it very painful to write,” Ashlea said of her own experiences. “For one of my courses this year, the peer note-taker just stopped communicating with disability services.” With no recordings available, Ashlea had to rely on her friends for the rest of the course. Designed by Laura Unicomb

UON offers its students with disabilities an extensive list of services to help them during their studies, however, some students are still restricted from common university activities because of their condition. However, there is still hope, as UON has devised an action plan to improve accessibility both on and off campus. The plan aims to create a more inclusive environment as the number of students with disabilities enrolling at UON rises. Between 2015 and 2020, UON will review and evaluate its current support services, as well as generate more awareness within staff, and try to improve the transition from school to the workplace for students. This is a step in the right direction for removing a barrier faced by those with disabilities. Another step UON could take is the introduction of safe spaces, often called Spoon Spaces, on campus. “These spaces cater to specific needs, such as low stimulus environments, controlled lighting and audio levels, a dignified area to rest, sometimes just a space to be alone,” Ashlea said.

“Creating mindfulness of the issues faced by fellow students brings them closer to overcoming the barriers they face.” As a student body, it is important to start a conversation with each other to build a greater understanding. Creating mindfulness of the issues faced by fellow students brings them closer to overcoming the barriers they face. For more information, contact UON disability services at student-disability@newcastle.edu.au or check out Disability Support on the UON website. The NUSA Equity Collective is also available via email at equity@nusa.org.au for peer support.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

THE BODY DONOR PROGRAM AT UON Doug Gillespie explains the process of body donation and how it benefits students’ knowledge of anatomy. How did your doctor or physio learn their anatomy? If they attended UON, they were privileged to learn their anatomy by studying human tissue supplied to the University through the generosity of body donors. Human body donation to the University provides an invaluable anatomical resource to medical science and to the hundreds of undergraduate students studying anatomy each semester. Future doctors, surgeons, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, medical radiographers, biomedical scientists, and others, all benefit from the generous gift of body donation. Our society benefits through having well-trained health professionals working within the local community and our donors benefit in the knowledge that, even after death, they can still contribute to the education of others by providing tissue for anatomical study. The NSW state legislation surrounding body donation involves the Anatomy Act (1977). This Act places certain legal and ethical obligations upon university staff and students. The Head of the Discipline of Anatomy within the Faculty of Health and Medicine has been issued a ‘Licence to Conduct the Study and Practice of Anatomy’ within the scope of this legislation. At UON, the donated bodies are used to teach anatomy to medical students and other health science undergraduates. Over 1200 students attend the anatomy laboratory each week. Donated bodies initially undergo an embalming procedure to preserve tissue. The donated, embalmed body is known as a ‘cadaver’.

Anatomy laboratory technicians dissect the body parts to show muscles, blood vessels, fascia and nerves. These ‘anatomical prosections’ can then be used to teach students studying anatomy, as part of their degree. In some cases, cadaveric material may be used for anatomical research or surgical training.

“At UON, the donated bodies are used to teach anatomy to medical students and other health science undergraduates.” The anatomy facility is situated in the new Medical Science West building. The teaching facility was opened a few years ago and provides a clinical space for teaching students. Under the current legislation, UON is allowed to retain donated tissue for up to eight years. At the end of this donation period, the University arranges and finances a final cremation of the donor’s remains. Ashes can then be returned to family or scattered on an appropriate memorial garden, depending on the donor’s final wishes. It is important for staff and students to remember that the donors and their families come from within the local community. At all times, the cadaveric material is treated with the greatest respect and dignity. The University, and its students, remain very grateful to donors and their families for their generous support of the anatomy program.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

LET’S TALK ABOUT SEXUALITY AND GENDER Angelique Carr informs you on all you need to know about different sexualities and genders.

Sexuality, gender and identity! We live in an exciting time when it is becoming more and more acceptable to talk about sex, gender variations, and the way we feel about our bodies and ourselves. This topic is so complicated, but lucky for you we’ve put together a glossary of common terms. A full comprehensive guide would be as thick as a novel, so keep in mind that there are many things we had to leave out. Heterosexual, ‘straight’: someone who is attracted to people of the ‘opposite’ gender. I.e. man attracted to woman and vice versa. Homosexual, ‘gay’ or ‘lesbian’: someone who is attracted to people who are the same gender that they are. Bisexual: someone attracted to two (or more) genders. Pansexual: someone who is attracted to others regardless of their gender. Student spot: “Being bisexual I think it is [about being] open to focusing and falling in love with a person’s soul and not necessarily being held back by their gender. I think whether one is bi or pan, they should be able to express that freely without trying to fit into a different sexuality. You should feel proud to embrace the identity you think works with you.” – Michaela Mortimore, a fourth year Bachelor of Science student at UON and bisexual. Pansexual Celebrity: Miley Cyrus.

Demisexual: someone who is not attracted to another person until a close emotional bond forms with him or her. Asexual/Graysexual: someone who has low-to-none sexual desires. They could be still romantically involved with others of the same or other genders, but they have little or no desire to have sex with that person. An asexual person could have sex for various reasons and would still be considered asexual because the ‘desire’ isn’t there. Asexual Celebrity: Morrissey, the former ‘The Smiths’ singer. Sex: biological sex refers to a person’s reproductive organs, formed by the chromosomes in your DNA. People used to think that a person’s sex was the same as their gender, but now we know that they are different. Fun fact: every fetus starts out as ‘female’ and, if exposed to testosterone, the clitoris grows into a penis and the labia fuses together to become the scrotum! Intersex: people born with reproductive organs that do not seem to be typically male or female. This is due to any number of medical conditions. There can be a lot of variation in the physical appearance of intersex people. They might be born with a very large clitoris or a very small penis or have internal typically female organs, but external typically male organs (or vice versa). Some people do not know they are intersex until puberty, or even until adulthood. Someone who is intersex could be any gender and

Yak Magazine // August 2016

have any sexual orientation. The United Nations has identified ‘corrective’ surgery on intersex babies as a human rights violation, as it unnecessary surgery that is not consented to and could deeply affect a person’s mental health. Intersex Celebrity: Madeleine “Maddie” Blaustein, the voice of Meowth in Pokémon. Third Gender: a gender that is neither male nor female. Just like being male or female, there are so many different ways to be third gender. Cultures all around the world acknowledge more than two genders, such as Indian, Pakistani and Samoan societies. In India, five million people are third gender and commonly known as Hijras. Non-binary/Genderqueer: a way to describe someone who does not identify as simply female or simply male. They could feel themselves to be a mixture of both, their gender could be ‘fluid’ and change every now and then or they might consider themselves to be third gender. This is an umbrella term and two people who use this label will have very different ways of how they identify their gender.

Gender Expression: this is how you show your gender on the outside. In our society, we have certain ideas about how women should be feminine and how men should be masculine. In reality, how we behave does not determine our gender or our sexuality, or vice versa. Straight cis women can be masculine, and pansexual intersex men can be feminine. In the words of Tae Min*, a fourth year Bachelor of Teaching student and bisexual cis woman, “dresses are good, but also, t-shirts are good”. Transgender and cisgender are not genders, but are actually experiences related to gender. Being cis or transgender does not determine a person’s sexuality, gender, or how they choose to portray their gender. Finally, a word from Andy Night who is a second year student and lesbian, “Don’t judge a book by its cover. We are all human; my sexual and gender identity doesn’t define who I am [as a person]”. *Name changed for anonymity.

Transgender: a way to describe a person whose gender is not what was assumed at birth. Cisgender: a way to describe a person whose gender is the same as the gender they assumed at birth. Designed by Jackie Brock

Yak Magazine // August 2016

STUDY SNAPSHOT // THE SCIENCE OF SPERM Annabelle Regan discovers the truth behind a man’s ‘sexy swimmers’.

Most animals, including humans, reproduce sexually. It is one of the most important concepts in biology. It means to make a copy or a likeness and thereby providing for the continued existence of a species. However, according to PhD Candidate, Samantha Young, we don’t stack up well against the rest of the animal kingdom. “We are not very good at it,” Samantha said. “A lot of other mammalian species are much better at producing and storing spermatozoa.”

that could be related to male factor fertility. “Essentially, I made mutant mice to study their sperm,” Samantha said. Mutant mice aside, research has also found how important your lifestyle can be in maintaining a healthy sperm count and it’s not all about the numbers. It’s about the quality of the DNA that the sperm carry. Basically, you only get out what you put in.

Samantha Young is a PhD candidate in reproductive biology here at UON. After studying her undergraduate degree at Western Sydney University, she was led to discover the important and interesting nature of the science of sperm.

“This is the foundation of another human, so you want the best possible quality to be the one that makes it” she said. “Things like smoking and alcohol can damage the DNA of your sperm.” However, research in reproductive science is helping to overcome these issues, and to help prevent any lasting damage to our genetics.

“Through those classes I found out about the millions of complex reactions that have to take place at exactly the right time, in order for a healthy human to be born. Seriously, it is a miracle anyone is born at all!” she said.

“Although a low sperm count can also lead to fertility problems, these can be bypassed by IVF. When the cells themselves are damaged, then you start to get issues that can be passed onto your children and their children.”

Samantha’s research is primarily focused on sperm in order to design better contraceptives. Through her research, she has found that it takes a certain gene, which was previously thought to be involved in the biochemical processes needed to make sperm swim, is actually involved in building the tail of the sperm correctly.

“I found out about the millions of complex reactions that have to take place at exactly the right time, in order for a healthy human to be born. Seriously, it is a miracle anyone is born at all!”

“This opens up so many avenues,” she said. “As the more we know about how sperm works, the more we can do to control them. Either stopping them for contraceptives, or improving their function for fertility treatments.” Samantha was drawn into reproductive science after completing her Honours. Her research was concerned with generating gene-modified mice to investigate particular genes Designed by Laura Unicomb

Reproduction is something we all have in common and it is what keeps Samantha pushing forward in her research. “The sperm and the egg are two of the most important cells in the universe,” she said. “Knowing how they work and what you can do to protect yours is so important for the survival of the species.”

Yak Magazine // August 2016

MASS DEBATE // MASTURBATION Georgia Mueck and Shanaya Paech have a serious debate on masturbation. Shanaya Paech // PROS

Georgia Mueck // CONS

“Go fu*k yourself”: a backwards insult at most, however, maybe you should do just that. After all, masturbation is the epitome of self love and the root of indulgence. So why is it that having a little ‘me time’ is so darn great for you? Firstly, it captures the imagination, whether that is with what you use or what you think about. Things can tend to get quite inventive in the search for the ultimate orgasm (we have all seen American Pie, so I’m sure you know what I mean).

You will definitely go blind from masturbation. Definitely. I’m pretty sure masturbation is the number one cause of blindness in people who go blind from masturbating. There are so many cons to masturbation. Gosh, just so many. So, so, so many. There are a lot. And they are all very serious and very scientific.

Masturbation is a fabulous way to explore your body to figure out what you like and how you like it. It also makes it a lot easier to express what feels good to your partner when you can understand your own body. In fact, many women first learn to orgasm through masturbation. Science can also agree that masturbation is great. Masturbating regularly helps produce fresher sperm, decreases risk of particular cancers and reduces stress. It has also been said that orgasms can take away the symptoms of body aches and migraines. So why not jump on the band (or should I say ‘hand’) wagon and give yourself some lovin’?

“Masturbation is a fabulous way to explore your body to figure out what you like and how you like it.” Of course, one of the best parts of masturbation is the big ‘O’. Why deprive yourself of such a human experience; embrace the tingles leading up to that magical burst no one can seem to describe, and get those endorphins pumping through you. If the morning time slot suits you better, what a great way to start the day. And if night time is more your thing, well let’s just say you won’t be having to count sheep, so ditch the coffee and sleeping pill. Just masturbate! Rest assured, you will not go blind from a good ol’ fashioned jerk-off or double clicking of the mouse.

“Why would anyone want to experience an orgasm when you could just lie down, curl up into the foetal position, and let the existential terror of the endless infinity of the universe crush you.” For example, if you masturbate, there is the possibility (not really) that you will grow hair on your palms (you won’t). Then everyone will know that you masturbate (most people masturbate), and you will probably even get your palm hair in your food (I really hope not). No one wants palm hair in their food (this is true), so that’s definitely a con of masturbation. Another downside to masturbation is the eventual climax. Orgasms are the worst. Why would anyone want to experience an orgasm when you could just lie down, curl up into the foetal position, and let the existential terror of the endless infinity of the universe crush you. Also, it is really hard to eat food while masturbating. You could probably only eat food that requires one hand, like Vita-Weats. If you’re a chronic masturbator, and you’re only eating Vita-Weats, you could become malnourished. Probably best to keep those hands free for feeding your body a nutritious diet. Finally, if you have thus far been unconvinced, then let’s face the real facts. Masturbation has been linked to DEATH. That’s right, folks. It has been proven that 100 per cent of people who masturbate will DIE. I hope you can now see the validity and utter truthfulness and factualness of my argument.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

IS GOING UNDER THE KNIFE CARVING UP OUR SELF-ESTEEM? Sarah James discovers that cosmetic surgery can change more than just physical appearance.

When cosmetic surgery is mentioned, usually a certain negative stereotype might come to mind. And while breast augmentation is the most common cosmetic surgery performed in Australia, the scope of the industry reaches far beyond just ‘boob jobs’. Rhinoplasties, liposuction, face-lifts, tummy tucks, breast reductions, lip-fillers, abdominoplasties, pectoral implants and Botox injections are increasingly being sought by Australians. Australia is now outspending the US on cosmetic surgery, 40 per cent per capita more, to be exact. It’s a one billion dollar industry that raises a number of questions. Why are Australians increasingly willing to undergo surgical risks to enhance their physical appearance? And are people happier once they have undergone the surgery? 22

We’re looking at our physical appearances more than any other point in history. Prior to smartphones and digital cameras, we were handing in rolls of film to be developed. Smartphones have facilitated the ‘selfie culture’, with photos literally at our fingertips. A study conducted by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) found that of the surgeons surveyed, one in three saw an increase in the number of consultations, due to people being made more aware of how they look via social media. “Social platforms like Instagram, Snapchat and the iPhone app SelfieIM, which are solely image based, force patients to hold a microscope up to their own image and often look at it with a more self-critical eye than ever before,” President of the AAFPRS, Dr Edward Farrior, said in a media release about the study.

“Social platforms like Instagram, Snapchat and the iPhone app SelfieIM, which are solely image based, force patients to hold a microscope up to their own image and often look at it with a more self-critical eye than ever before.” For Bachelor of Speech Pathology student, Mackenzie Lee*, the increase of selfies made her more aware of what facial features she disliked about herself, and triggered her to undergo a rhinoplasty (nose job).

“I didn’t have a large nose. I mostly liked the way my nose looked in photos, but sometimes when looking back on the closer up selfie shots I took with friends and family, I just couldn’t help but focus on how crooked and bent my nose was,” she said. “I sat on the idea for a good six months before actually going ahead with surgery, to make sure it was something I truly wanted, and was prepared to go through.” However, the increase in cosmetic surgery cannot be solely attributed to selfie culture. Rather, it has exacerbated long existing societal pressures. According to a British Social Attitudes Survey conducted in 2014, only 63 per cent of women are satisfied with their appearance. The media has continually purported what is supposedly the ‘perfect’ body. In the 1920s, women were made to feel ashamed of their curves. Flash-forward to 2016, the illustrious ‘hour-glass figure’ is sought after. For those who don’t conform to the unrealistic body image expectations that are thrust upon them, they are often subjected to bullying. Bachelor of Communication student, Tyra Smith*, found the bullying that she suffered through school was so severe that she was felt like she was left with no other option, but surgery. “I had a breast reduction when I was 16. I went from an F-cup, down to a C-cup, and have always had a size 6 frame. It was pretty significant,” she said. “I couldn’t find clothes, I couldn’t find bras under $150, and I’d usually cry for ages in change rooms if I went to try things on. It impacted so badly on my self-esteem.” While Mackenzie and Tyra hardly regretted their surgery and found their self-esteem had increased, for many people, this is not the case. Suffering from an “irrational obsession with the size and shape” of her nose, Bachelor of Social Work student, Kayla Linnen*, said she was convinced that altering the shape of her nose would dramatically improve her appearance and life. Dissatisfied with the results of her surgery, she found herself fall into a state of depression. “I spent the next six months in a severe state of psychotic depression, convinced I’d become deformed. I dropped out of university and spent two weeks in a mental health facility. I also went on anti-psychotic and anti-depressant medications, which I’d never taken prior,” Kayla said.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

“I spent the next six months in a severe state of psychotic depression, convinced I’d become deformed. I dropped out of university and spent two weeks in a mental health facility.” There is no black and white answer as to whether cosmetic surgery has positive or negative psychological impacts. The general consensus of numerous studies seems to be that those who have realistic standards, and just want to change one part of their body, tend to have more positive outcomes, such as improved self-esteem and a better quality of life. Cosmetic surgery isn’t a Band-Aid for all of life’s problems. It has been found that those who set unrealistic expectations of the results from surgery, are more likely to feel let-down, and see an increase in poor body image and depression.

“I’d encourage anyone considering a cosmetic procedure to research and consult a variety of board certified plastic surgeons, to get a sense of who can achieve the results you want,” Kayla said. “And really analyse why you’re having it done and maybe consider some counselling prior, to ensure you’re emotionally prepared for a positive, or negative result.” Before undergoing any major surgery, it is important to re-consider your expectations and ensure that you’re mentally prepared for the outcome. After all, it is more than just your body that you’re changing. For those seeking counselling or more information, you may book an appointment with UON’s Counselling Service. For more information, please visit www.newcastle.edu.au/ counselling. *Names changed for anonymity. Designed by Emily Cranidge

Yak Magazine // August 2016

11 24

Yak Magazine // August 2016

25 12

Yak Magazine // August 2016

BARING IT ALL FOR ART Jack Moran explores the world of life modelling at UON.

Imagine standing in front of strangers completely naked. For most of us, this sounds like a nightmare, but for others, it’s just a part of the job as a life model. 26

Life models are the men and women who pose for artists in order to help them depict their work. At UON, life models are used in a Bachelor of Fine Arts course as a method of increasing students’ artistic skills. UON Fine Arts lecturer, Andy Devine, sees life models as a key part of his instruction. “I find that using life models are extremely important in my teaching, as it focuses on observation, eye and hand coordination,” Mr Devine said. “Drawing from life teaches the students how to draw the human figure and to develop new drawing skills that they can take into other disciplines.” He said that the only way to improve is to keep practicing.

“Drawing from life teaches the students how to draw the human figure and to develop new drawing skills that they can take into other disciplines.” UON’s pool of models are mainly made up of those referred to the University by artists in the region who focus on the human form. They also tend to work at other institutions and community venues in the area such as Hunter TAFE and the Newcastle Community Arts Centre. “The University is fortunate to have a great resource of models, both male and female,” Mr Devine said. Mr Devine said students are told the week prior to the life drawing class what they will be doing in the studio session. He addresses any issues or concerns then, but finds that his students always respond to the models in a very respectful and professional manner, and work diligently. Designed by Emily Cranidge

Class settings like those found at UON do tend to have fairly strict procedures in the life drawing process, in order to make models and students as comfortable as possible. Access to the studio and the model is generally kept as limited as possible, and artists and models do not communicate. In many situations, only the teacher is allowed to talk to the artist during the session, beyond introductions made at the start. Mr Devine said that life models often have a love of art themselves. “The people drawn to life modelling are those who may have a passion for art,” he said. “They want to be a part of the creative process through which they offer a generous gift to the artist.”

“They want to be a part of the creative process through which they offer a generous gift to the artist.” There are some misconceptions as to what it means to be a life model. “One of the main misconceptions is that it is easy – that it’s a walk in the park,” Mr Devine said. “It is, however, a physical and mental challenge to be completely still for long periods of time.” Models may be seated, standing, or in a more artistic pose for anywhere from two to 20 minutes, or longer. Another major misconception is the body type of life models. Male and females do not have to be young and tall, fashion like models. “The models come from all walks of life and that’s the beauty of life drawing,” Mr Devine said. “Artists are given the opportunity to observe all forms of the figure, both in male and female modes.”

Yak Magazine // August 2016

MIC DROP // JEN BUXTON Kait Fenwick sits with Novocastrian muso, Jen Buxton, to discover that not only does she hold down the fort at The Hamilton Station Hotel and study naturopathy, but also totally embraces wife-life.

Photo courtesy // Simon Atkinson

Listening to Jen’s sets is like sinking into an old armchair. Comfort can be found in the familiarity of her lyrics and, yet, occasionally those words sting like a dislodged spring in the bottom of a worn cushion. KF: To start, how was your day? JB: Busy! I worked from about seven this morning, had canteen duty, took a nap and hung out with my kid all afternoon. I’m currently in bed watching critical role videos on YouTube. Wild Friday night. KF: You’re song ‘You and I are Past Our Dancing Days’ highlights how you’ve sought to establish a sense of self beyond male imposed constraints, “It might not very romantic but it’s the best you’re gonna get, you know me I don’t think much of Juliet.” How important is that freedom in relation to your songwriting? JB: I usually sing that line, “You know me, and I ain’t no fuckin’ Juliet” live. I’ve been writing and making music for 15 years and I made the potential mistake of never trying to do it with an audience in mind; now I’m too old to try and pander. I write what I feel like I need to, when I need to do it. It’s not exactly a recipe for success but I prefer the taste. KF: Your chest tattoo reads, “They want to use my blood to colour their perfume” – a line from the Bikini Kill song, ‘Star Fish’. Many female musicians cite Bikini Kill as an influence resulting in their radical lyrics. Do you find yourself predominantly drawn to female muso’s? JB: I was surrounded by women’s voices growing up – Etta James, Patsy Cline, Billie Holiday, Stevie Nicks, and when I started making music I was listening heavily to Ani Difranco, Mirah and Le Tigre, and reading a lot of Gloria Steinem, bell

hooks, Angela Davis; lots of second and third wave feminist theory. I still have a very visceral and important relationship with that music from my early teens. Bikini Kill and Kathleen Hanna exemplified that message for me, plus nothing stops unwanted discourse about your chest tattoo when you tell people it’s about the fetishisation of violence against women under the capitalist patriarchy. I don’t know if gender guides my preferences to music, but my feminist politics are still important to me, and I feel like it’s still important to make noise about gender in music.

“I don’t know if gender guides my preferences to music, but my feminist politics are still important to me and I feel like it’s still important to make noise about gender in music.” KF: You often close your sets with a cover of Sheryl Crow’s ‘90s banger, ‘If It Makes You Happy’. What has made you happy in the last six months? JB: I am in a very good, conscious mental place at the moment. I have depression and anxiety, and it requires more vigilance than I gifted myself in my younger years to maintain a good base line. I am all about self-care and awareness these days. I have a beautiful son, and an incredible, patient and loving partner who teaches me new, cool things about life all the time. I do work, I love and watch heaps of killer ‘90s movies and eat lots of vegetables. Life is pretty good. Jen plays on the last Sunday of every month as part of her residency at the Hamilton Station Hotel. Entry is free. You can also check out her music at jenbuxton.bandcamp.com. Designed by Jackie Brock

Yak Magazine // August 2016

THE WONDERS OF AYURVEDA Gunnaina Kohli explores how the ancient Indian practice will benefit your mind, body and soul.

Cauliflower, potato sabzi, daal, a bowl of raita with two chapatis and a light smother of ghee. The sabzi is cooked in a masala of onions, turmeric, ginger, chilli, salt and pepper. No carb counting, protein measurement or watchful eyes on the fats. Instead, I eat my meal at the table with family, with no question of its components. After dinner, I go for a stroll around the neighbourhood. I never knew that this concoction of ingredients would benefit my health and was particular to my body’s Ayurvedic composition. The post dinner walk was an unsaid rule that apparently, even according to western medicine, assists in digestion. Ayurveda is a traditional Indian form of medicine. The Ayurvedic way of life tells us to respect our body, listen to it and provide the nourishment it needs. I’m not only talking food, but also exercise and mindfulness.

“It’s all about listening to your body’s needs and benefitting your mind and spirit in the process.” In the Ayurvedic way, there are three Doshas (energies) that each of us are comprised of as human beings; Vata (wind), Pitta (Fire) and Kapha (Earth). Our characteristics are dependent on the proportion of each element and it is this proportion that is meant to mold the way you eat, drink, act and think. Contrary to Western philosophy, Ayurveda treats the body as one and there is a need to balance mind, body and spirit to remain healthy. For example, how many times have you decided to be ‘healthy’ with a salad and no dressing, then found yourself looking around for a snack in the fridge later on? If your mind is not satisfied, don’t bother. Of course, I’m not telling you to go on Maccas runs every day, but to really be in tune with what your body and mind want and need. Designed by Laura Unicomb

In order to start balancing out your wellbeing, I recommend working out your dominating Dosha. For example, a balanced Pitta brings out a friendly, disciplined and energetic personality. An unbalanced Pitta can make one angry and more prone to rashes, heartburn and indigestion. Furthermore, follow Ayurveda’s tips to either reduce or enhance any particular Dosha to achieve optimal health, through diet guidelines and lifestyle choices. By growing up in Australia with Indian roots, I have come to realise the beauty of this ancient medicine. By taking on a balanced approach to life, food and activity, this will allow people to be healthy without reading food labels or tracking their steps with a pedometer or a Fitbit.

“Ayurveda is a traditional Indian form of medicine. The Ayurvedic way of life tells us to respect our body, listen to it and provide the nourishment it needs.” However, before you set off to do three hours of yoga and eat a bowl of turmeric, I want to mention a few things. Some spices should or should not be mixed and some foods are better cooked than raw. Be sure to do your research beforehand. Enjoy your surroundings and make full use of your senses, this is one of the main instructions in Ayurveda. Eat everything in moderation, too much or little of anything is not healthy. And most importantly, laugh a lot (honestly, there’s a thing called Laughter Yoga in Ayurveda). It’s all about listening to your body’s needs and benefitting your mind and spirit in the process. The writer of this article is not an Ayurvedic specialist, nor a doctor. Please consult your GP regarding any dietary needs and requirements.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

THE UNHEALTHY ROUTINES OF STUDENT LIFE Chris Daniel looks at some of the different stereotypes that exist on campus. As the latter half of the academic year dawns upon us, it’s safe to say that most of us have fallen victim to the unhealthy habits and routines of student life. It may not occur to you at first, but each and every one of us has encountered these habits through the forms of either stress or procrastination. While sleeping in, missing lectures and delaying assignments may seem like a normal routine as a student, it is having a bigger impact on your health than you may think. In a survey conducted with UON students, we came to find just some of the stereotypes that exist on campus.

THE PARTY ANIMAL The most common habit to fall into is the party culture of student life. From the Toga Party, to Autonomy Day and Oktoberfest celebrations, some might take any excuse for a visit to the campus bar. Catchphrase: Always has a cunning party plan followed by the question, “Are you coming out this weekend?”

THE NIGHTWALKER

As the famous line states, “The dead don’t rest”. And with widespread Wi-Fi, why would you want to? Night dwellers don’t sleep while it’s dark; instead use this time to ‘study’. Usually found glued to a laptop screen, with a Red Bull in hand, during the night. Sometimes they’re gripping a coffee cup by day. Catchphrase: “I NEED COFFEE.” Attire: Clothes from the day before. Habitat: The campus library, study spaces such as the Auchmuty Information Common (AIC), Ourimbah Information Common (OIC), or the City Hub.

THE DAY DWELLER They’re the complete opposite to nightwalkers and, instead, choose to spend their day wisely. Though this may seem a healthy routine, it can become a dangerous cycle of visiting the Gloria Jeans Café every day to stay awake.

Attire: Something simple to suit the climates of both the club and cold. Won’t pass up the opportunity to dress up for a themed party.

Catchphrase: “I (too) NEED COFFEE.”

Habitat: Usually lives on campus, however, goes MIA in a matter of minutes.

Habitat: Lives behind thick sunglasses and a large cappuccino.

THE FLYING DUTCHMAN

Attire: Usually the clothes they slept in.

So there you have it! Just some of the common student fauna you may encounter on campus.

Presentations can be confronting, however, as mentioned on the lost on campus app, “The bar is a great place to unwind after a stressful day, or to grab a quick drink to ease the nerves before a presentation”. Some may take that advice too literally. Catchphrase: “I’ll be fine, just one more drink!” Attire: Casual, though sweating is imminent. Habitat: Usually situated at the campus bar.

THE SLOTH

Have you ever looked at yourself in the mirror and promised that you will attend every class and lecture the following day or week? Right before you roll back over to sleep? Well this is you in a nutshell. Catchphrase: “Was there anything interesting that happened in the lecture? I missed it. Again.” Attire: Clothes that have been sitting on the floor for an undetermined amount of time. Habitat: The depths of a darkened bedroom. Designed by Jackie Brock

Yak Magazine // August 2016

TIME TO RAISE THE RED FLAG Chris Daniel raises some concerns regarding young people and sexual health.

Within the last decade, Australia has seen a dramatic rise of sexually transmitted infections carried between young people, most commonly secondary and university students. Though the knowledge about these infections and prevention are relatively high, the action against it still remains relatively poor. A survey conducted with the young Australian population recorded concerning results nationwide, some of which have been influenced by alcohol, drugs and poor mental stability.

“With these sexually transmitted diseases on the rise, it is time to raise the red ﬂag and help the process of transmittance slow down.” According to the Australian Government Department of Health and the 2015 Annual Surveillance Report: HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmissible Infections in Australia, the most common STIs recorded for 2016 are: Chlamydia - An estimate of 500,000 Australians are currently carrying Chlamydia. Gonorrhoea - Recorded cases of Gonorrhoea has risen by 67 per cent. Herpes - An estimate of around one in 10 Australians live with the genital virus Herpes. HPV - Only 52 per cent of young women reported having been vaccinated against HPV. Syphilis - The rate of diagnosis of infectious syphilis among men has increased from 5.1 per 100,000 in 2005, to 15.9 per Designed by Breanna Yates

100,000 in 2014. The rate among women has fluctuated and remained low, with 1.5 per 100,000 in 2014. All genders, religions and sexual orientations were represented in this survey, possibly reflecting the approach young people take towards sexual health, and it is relatively alarming. One in 10 Australian students state to have had some form of sexual education at school, meaning that 90 per cent of school students have an idea about sexual practices, however, only 45 per cent found this education to be relevant. If we do not continue to stress the importance of sexual health to young Australians, these diseases could rise exponentially, and the possibility of eliminating further spread will almost be impossible. So what can we do? With these sexually transmitted infections on the rise, it is time to raise the red flag and help the process of transmittance slow down. Although some viruses such as HIV cannot be cured, there are ways in which treatment can be used to improve the health of those who carry it. In order to ensure the safety of both yourself and your sexual partner, don’t ignore the signs and symptoms of STIs. If there are any distressing signs and symptoms, contact your GP or health specialist immediately. There are a variety of services and facilities on campus that provide support in these instances, including testing kits. For more information about sexual health, visit the Medical Centres on Callaghan or Ourimbah campuses, or call them on 4921 6000 (Callaghan) or 4348 4060 (Ourimbah) to book a consultation.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

Photo courtesy of Unsplash // Dingzeya Li

5 TIPS // HAPPY MIND, HAPPY BODY Bridie O’Shea reveals five ways to treat your mind and body to let those positive vibes flow. Being kind to your mind and body can be difficult when constantly being shown images of beautifully sculptured, bronzed and manicured people by the media. So here’s five ways to be a happier ‘you’. Express gratitude Try expressing three things you are grateful for every morning to let go of those stressed and negative energies. Whether you write them down or recite them in your head, it’ll put you in a good mood for the rest of the day. Control your breathing When you’re angry or anxious, your breathing changes from its normal pattern, doesn’t it? To clear your mind, take a deep breath in through your nose, let it fill your lungs, then breathe out through your mouth, letting the tension go with it. Shut down negative voices According to University of Newcastle Sociology lecturer, Julia Coffey, from her article in The Conversation, “Body image is the third-greatest issue of concern for young people in Australia, after stress and problems at school.” Too often looking in the mirror can highlight things we don’t like about our bodies. Squash these destructive voices with positive affirmations. Say three things you like about yourself to build your esteem back up.

Do something nice for yourself We spend a lot of time tearing ourselves down. But our bodies are miraculous beings and we should show our appreciation more often. Take a bubble bath, or a walk outside, or make time for a nap. Love your body and it will love you back.

“Instead of giving in to those destructive voices, squash them with positive affirmations.” You’re human You’re allowed to feel down sometimes. None of us are perfect, and when you see those beautiful people on Instagram, remember that they have been photoshopped and filtered so heavily that they’re unrealistic images (because everyone looks good in Valencia right?). It’s time we start being kind to our mind and bodies for they are, after all, what keeps us going.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

THE MYTHOLOGY OF SEX

Georgia Mueck examines some of the common misconceptions about ‘sexy time’.

While there’s nothing wrong with having a bit of intrigue and mystery in your sexlife, there is something wrong with being ill-informed.

‘CHERRY POPPIN’

If you haven’t seen Laci Green’s video about this particular myth, here’s a quick summary: you don’t “pop cherries”. That’s right folks, the hymen is not a mystical barrier of virginity or virtue, it’s just a piece of tissue that lines the vaginal opening. While there are undoubtedly plenty of people out there who are aware of this, there does seem to be this idea perpetuated in popular culture that taking someone’s virginity is similar to battering down a castle gate. But quite to the contrary, the hymen doesn’t even need to be broken or damaged in any way during sex. If a woman (or any person with a vagina) is relaxed, and there’s plenty of lubrication, the hymen should stretch without breaking. In other words: we’ve been doing it wrong!

THE BIG O’S

Despite what pornography might have us believe, “There are no significant gender differences in orgasm,” Professor of Psychology at the University of Utah, Alan Fogel, said. In his article, ‘Male and Female Orgasm: Not So Different?’, Fogel said that there are many, common misconceptions about the differences in female and male orgasms, such as that women take longer to achieve climax than men, or that men can only have one orgasm. In a physical sense, the porn industry tries to tell us that a bit of writhing and moaning for women, or ejaculating for men is what connotes an orgasm. However, Fogel states that, in fact, the physical sensation of climax, in the case of both timing, duration, muscle contractions, and body sense (that is, what is ‘felt’) is actually incredibly similar.

TOO LOOSE, OR NOT TOO LOOSE?

Do you like to remark about how a woman’s multiple sexual partners might have made her ‘loose’? Do you make jokes about ‘hotdogs’ and ‘hallways’? Well, it is time to put those archaic misconceptions to bed because they are pure mythology. Michael Castleman, writes in Psychology Today, that intercourse most definitely does not permanently loosen the vagina. In fact, the vagina actually tightens after intercourse. Why? Because it is essentially made up of muscle surrounded

by some more muscle (the pelvic floor muscle, to be exact), and thus works exactly like other muscles; the more you exercise it, the stronger it gets. These myths have been pretty pervasive in the past, mostly due to inaccurate information spread by the media and in popular culture. However, young people, especially students, are becoming more informed about the reality of sex and sexual health with each day.

“Young people, especially students, are becoming more and more informed about the reality of sex and sexual health with each day.” “[People] are a little bit more knowledgeable about it now,” Nurse Manager at UON’s Health Services Centre, Leanne Neoh, said. “There’s so much literature out there now that they’re not so much in the dark about it.” “There are some students who come in and there’s huge holes in their knowledge,” which she said could be due to them not looking in the right places for reliable information. “There is good information out there, but sometimes [people] just need their information fine-tuned,” she said.

“That’s right folks, the hymen is not a mystical barrier of virginity or virtue, it’s just a piece of tissue that lines the vaginal opening.” If people have questions about sex, their bodies, or their health, Leanne said, “Come in, make an appointment, and see one of the GPs”. It is really that easy. The University of Newcastle provides medical services at both Callaghan and Ourimbah campuses that are staffed by dedicated doctors and nurses. To make an appointment at the Callaghan Medical Centre, located on Level 1 of the Student Services Centre on campus, call 4921 6000. Alternatively, to make an appointment at the Ourimbah Medical Centre, located in the Student Support Unit on campus, call 4348 4060.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSENT To empower and educate people about consent is extremely important, writes Michaela Wagland.

Trigger warning: sexual assault. In a powerful statement found on BuzzFeed in June this year, the nature of sexual assault is inextricably exposed through an unnamed victim’s court statement. In a section of said statement, the victim boldly states, “Alcohol is not an excuse. Is it a factor? Yes. But alcohol was not the one who stripped me, fingered me, and had my head dragging against the ground, with me almost fully naked.”

That the victim felt the need to explain how this crime highlights a severe issue in society: the issue of consent, paints a harrowing picture of how uninformed some are about the parameters of consent.

“There is an enormous amount of pressure put on young people to engage in sexual activity and we, as a community, need to empower people, to be able to determine what it is they want and don’t want within their own sexual experiences.” “Sexual consent is ensuring that each person is okay with the sexual experience they are about to have. Basically, without consent, you are engaging in something that could see you faced with criminal charges, as it is against the law. Only ‘yes’ means ‘yes’!” Student Living Support Coordinator at Callaghan Campus, Gemma Edgar, has a background of professional experience with matters such as consent. She said how the communication process between two people concerning sex is paramount. “Don’t be scared to talk about sex. Even if you have just met this person, the conversation should always take place.” It is almost impossible to truly understand the physical and emotional trauma that remains with someone after an act of sexual assault. How could we possibly begin to comprehend how terrifying these experiences must be? The best we can do is read these testimonials, like the statement published on BuzzFeed, and to feel empowered rather than frightened. We must make a change and expose the importance of consent. Designed by Jackie Brock

Photo courtesy of // PublicDomainPictures

As Gemma said, this is essential, as saying ‘no’ can often be difficult in some scenarios. “There is an enormous amount of pressure put on young people to engage in sexual activity and we, as a community, need to empower people to be able to determine what it is they want and don’t want within their own sexual experiences,” Gemma said. “I think it is important that all young people are confident; they know what they want; they know how to negotiate what they want, and if they don’t want it, know how to say ‘no’.” It is unpardonable that a person’s ability, or inability, to consent is unjustly taken advantage of. That is why it is crucial to emphasise the importance of consent in an effort to prevent acts of sexual assault. “It comes back to ensuring that everyone has those skills to negotiate what they want, when they want it. But to also say no when they do not want to engage any further, or to begin with at all. The truth is you don’t need a reason to say ‘no’. Your reason could be you do not want to have sex, and that is completely okay.” UON, as well as other universities around Australia, have partnered with Universities Australia in the campaign Respect. Now. Always. This campaign fundamentally emphasises the determination of Australian universities to prevent sexual harassment upon students and staff. Collaborating with The Australian Human Rights Commission, the UNSW Australian Human Rights Centre and The Hunting Ground Australia Project Team, the campaign will be raising awareness and increasing focus on all matters related to sexual assault, to ensure the safety of university staff and students. If you require any help or advice, call the Student Support Team on 4921 5801 or Campus Care on 4921 8600. Also visit the Respect. Now. Always page on the UON website for further advice and support on sexual assault.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

Photo Courtesy of Unsplash // Steven Van Loy

ORPHAN DRUGS: PBS SCHEME LEAVES FAMILIES BATTLING RARE DISEASES IN THE ‘LURCH’ Sarah James believes quality healthcare should be made equally available to all Australians. “It’s only special drugs that are outside of the Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme,” Doctor David Newby said. It’s unlucky, then, if your quality of life depends upon these ‘special drugs’. Take the case of Max and Mila Horder, aged 13 and 12. The children were diagnosed with Morquio A, an incurable lysosomal storage disease, which drastically limits their bone growth and mobility. Only 21 Australians suffer from the condition. The children are close to spending the rest of their lives in wheelchairs. There is a treatment (Vimizim) that could help them be able to walk properly again. So the solution is obvious, but there’s a problem. Vimizim costs $500,000 per year, for each child. And it’s not listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). The Health Department’s response for denying access to this vital medication was, “The cost effectiveness of the drug was highly uncertain and unacceptable”. When did the bottom line become more important than preventing the chronic pain and suffering of a child? Luba Horder said in an interview with The Project, “Not giving them this treatment is more or less like sentencing them to a

life of pain and, ultimately, death because it will dictate their last breath”. The Horder family now face the dilemma of whether to give their children the best chance at a relatively happy life, and face bankruptcy in the process, or watch them suffer because they can’t afford the treatment. They are not the only Australians stuck with this grim prospect. A ‘rare disease’ is defined as one that affects one in 10,000 people or less, but it is estimated that six to eight per cent of the population is afflicted with a rare condition. The majority of drugs used to treat these conditions, known as ‘orphan drugs’, are not subsidised by the government. However, the Federal government faces its own ethical conundrum: allocate significant resources to diseases which affect a small percentage of the population, or to leave affected families with no support and have them rely on their own means to pay for expensive medications. The PBS is the primary way drugs are subsidised in Australia. According to Associate Professor in Clinical Pharmacology at the University of Newcastle, Dr Newby, about 80 per cent of medications are listed on the PBS. Turn over to continue >>

Yak Magazine // August 2016

Under the PBS, patients only have to pay a co-payment, with the government paying the remaining cost. Currently, the co-payment has a maximum limit of $38.30 for the majority of PBS listed medications.

Enhancing the accessibility of medications is the Safety Net Threshold. For concession cardholders, this is $372.00, and $1,475.70 for general patients. Once this threshold has been reached, general patients only have to pay the $6.20 co-payment, and concession cardholders receive PBS medications for free. “The price they pay is a result of the negotiation that the government can do with the pharmaceutical companies, as they act as a single purchaser for all pharmaceuticals,” Dr Newby said. There are calls, however, for the government to seriously improve their negotiating ability with pharmaceutical companies, as the current high rate of expenditure has resulted in the PBS being labelled unsustainable. At the end of the 2015 financial year, the PBS cost more than nine billion dollars. There is room to cut costs within the PBS Scheme. Australia pays considerably more than New Zealand for the same medications. This is because Australians are being prescribed the brand name of a medication, while the New Zealand health system relies on prescribing ‘off-patent’ drugs, better known as ‘generics’. Atorvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug that is the most prescribed medication under the PBS, costs only $2.01 in New Zealand. Australians pay $38.69. According to the Director of the Health Program at the Grattan Institute, Stephen Duckatt, “If the PBS paid the same as New Zealand across all doses of atorvastatin, it would save $1.4 million every day”. Knowing these statistics, the government continues to waste money on subsidising out-dated and unnecessary drugs. Orphan drugs do not rank high on the agenda, leaving people who need these drugs abandoned.

The Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) is responsible for determining the fate of the families who depend on these drugs. Essentially, the PBAC’s role is to decide which medications make the cut to be subsidised by the PBS. Fairness is not a factor that is weighted heavily. Whether or not a drug is suitable for the PBS, is based on efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. This framework can create problems. Medications that only treat an extremely rare condition are unlikely to be considered ‘cost effective’. “Once the PBAC has made a recommendation, it is then in the hands of the Minister as to what they’d like to do,” Dr Newby said. “If it’s a positive recommendation, they could choose to either list the drug or not list the drug. If it’s a rejection, then they can’t change that and choose to put it on there.” This news heavily undermines the Horder family’s campaign directed at Health Minister Sussan Ley to reverse the PBAC’s decision regarding Vimizim. The PBAC gave Vimizim a negative recommendation due to its limited cost-effectiveness, despite improvements being found in patients who take the medication.

“Drug companies in Australia have 15 years of patent protection where, during this time, no other company can manufacture the same drug. As a result, these companies are allowed to dictate what price they sell their drug for.” Of the 21 sufferers of Morquio A, 13 are already taking part in a clinical trial for Vimizim. Max and Mila Horder were misdiagnosed seven years ago, resulting in them being ineligible to partake in this clinical trial. Unless you’re incredibly wealthy, there are very few avenues to take in order to access a medication that has been rejected

Yak Magazine // August 2016

by the PBAC. The Life Saving Drugs Programme, a similar scheme to the PBS, was designed to help families in these situations. However, since its establishment in 1994, only ten out of nearly 300 designated orphan drugs have been deemed eligible.

“Families suﬀering rare diseases shouldn’t have to fight to ensure their future isn’t dictated by struggle and pain. Quality healthcare should be expected from society, regardless of how many people suﬀer from the condition.” Dr Newby acknowledged an additional shortfall of the PBS Scheme, noting that in Australia, the government subsidisation of medications is a reactive system. “We wait for pharmaceutical companies or other groups to come to the PBAC with an application to have a drug listed on the PBS,” he said. “The PBAC doesn’t look around and go ‘let’s find what we will subsidise for condition X or Y’, it waits for the companies.” In some instances, pharmaceutical companies don’t even bother bringing medications to the attention of the PBAC. “If they don’t come, the PBAC can’t do anything,” Dr Newby said. While Dr Newby asserts that most drugs struggle to get a market without subsidisation, he also stated that the main reason behind drug companies not approaching the PBAC, is that they believe they can build a market by simply ‘being’ in the market. This has been the case with some oral contraceptives. Pharmaceuticals distinguish themselves from other goods in society, as they are not easily swayed by the forces of supply and demand. Drug companies in Australia have 15 years of patent protection where, during this time, no other company can manufacture the same drug. As a result, these companies are allowed to dictate what price they sell their drug for.

“That doesn’t happen with cars and that doesn’t happen with microwaves. It doesn’t happen for cornflakes. It makes the environment in the healthcare sector very different,” Dr Newby said. “It means you can’t use the same forces as they do for driving the price of cornflakes or cars. We can’t just leave it like we do for those goods to set the market price.” The anti-competitive nature of these patent laws, which goes unchallenged by the government, has resulted in the monopolised ownership and exorbitant prices for needed medications like Vimizim. “There is probably very little that a pharmaceutical company can do about the effectiveness of their drug, but they are completely in control of what they wish to charge for their medication. Pharmaceutical companies are certainly in a position to modify the prices as to what they wish to charge for the medications,” Dr Newby said. Associate Professor of Medical Ethics at Flinders University, Dr David Hunter, however, doesn’t believe that the onus is solely on the drug companies to regulate the price of medications, turning his attention to the inefficiency of Australia’s drug subsidisation scheme. “I don’t hold the notion that drug companies have a special kind of accountability. The market should do the job. And if the market doesn’t do the job, then I think the government has a responsibility to try and help the market along,” he said. The PBS may be Australia’s answer in trying to help move the market along, however other nations’ strategies have proven far more effective. Dr Hunter endorsed the United Kingdom’s equivalent of the PBS: The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Differing from the PBAC, NICE is proactive and responsible for setting its own agenda. Plus, it doesn’t place the entire emphasis on cost-effectiveness when discussing whether Turn over to continue >>

Yak Magazine // August 2016

$ billion

2013-14

2015-16

2017-18

2019-20

2021-22

2023-24

“Forecast Projected Spending on the PBS” Graph Courtesy of // National Commission of Audit 38

a medication should be subsidised. A large determining factor is Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY), which, as the name suggests, considers the improvement in quality of life provided by the medication in question. NICE is also unafraid to engage in risk-sharing agreements, something the PBAC generally steers clear of. This is where NICE will only pay for the medication once it has been proven to be effective, and in situations where the treatment is ineffective, the pharmaceutical company reimburses NICE for the cost of that treatment. India provides an even more radical solution to the high cost of medication. They do not allow pharmaceutical companies to claim patent protection, except in exceptional circumstances. By forcing pharmaceutical companies to be competitive, this has seen drug prices plummet, allowing much greater access to medications for a wide socio-economic demographic. A treatment for HIV, which once cost patients $10,000 per year, is now just $100. Dr Newby believes that high cost drugs in Australia will always pose a challenge. “Especially high cost drugs for very rare conditions,” he said. However, it needn’t always be such a challenge, especially when considering the various measures that could be implemented.

“We’re meant to say resources are limited, and it’s all well and good to say that, unless you’re the individual who needs that medication, and then it’s like you’re being held ransom,” Dr Hunter contended. “The health industry is a business, but the thing is, it shouldn’t be.”

“The Horder family now faces the dilemma of whether to give their children the best chance at a relatively happy life, and face bankruptcy in the process, or watch them suﬀer just because they can’t aﬀord the treatment.” The health industry and government policy needs to change. Families suffering rare diseases shouldn’t have to fight to ensure their future isn’t dictated by struggle and pain. Quality healthcare should be expected from society, regardless of how many people suffer from the condition. Until the government decides to put people’s actual health ahead of revenue, families battling rare diseases will continue to be subjected to the financial interests of pharmaceutical companies.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

A DAY IN THE LIFE // A BODYBUILDER Jack Moran talks to UON student, Rachel Leonard, about life as a bodybuilder.

When Rachel Leonard began her last year of high school, she picked up a new hobby. While others might have focused all their attention on their HSC, she did something a little different. Rachel decided to become a bodybuilder and began training for competitions. Rachel was drawn to the sport because of how she admired the physiques of the women she saw online. She said that for years she lamented the fact that she wasn’t born tall, slim or petite like the typical model. When she realised that such a body type was never a realistic shape for her, she began to appreciate bodybuilders more because their bodies relied less on genetics and more on hard work. “As soon as I recognised the fact that it didn’t matter what I was born with, only how hard I was willing to work, I was hooked on the idea of competing,” she said. “Once I started prepping, I fell in love with the discipline and structure of the lifestyle, and the way it was making me stronger, not only physically, but mentally.”

Mental strength must be part of it, given how hard she trains. “Year round, I train six days a week,” she said. “Coming into a competition, these training sessions are weights focused with one to two cardio sessions per week.” Rachel said that dieting is quite possibly the hardest part and is based around clean, whole foods like lean meats and green vegetables, among others, along with protein shakes. It seems likely then that her knowledge as a Nutrition and Dietetics student at UON would come in handy. Another difficult part is fitting university, work, and a social life in around bodybuilding. “If you’re serious about the sport, it will usually dictate the rest,” she said. “The training load for me is the easy part because that’s what I’m passionate about.” Fitting it around work and university means plenty of pre-dawn starts, late nights and a lot of organisation. “You do have to sacrifice a lot of things for the lifestyle. Between training, work and uni, my social schedule isn’t exactly ‘free as a bird’,” she said. She makes time for close friends and family when she needs to, however, this rarely involves going out to eat and, even rarer, going out drinking. Rachel said that while the ‘gym girl’ image has become more popular in recent years, female bodybuilders still come across those who oppose the way they look and their lifestyle. “I compete in the fitness model category, where we still have to present ourselves very femininely on stage, and aren’t as muscular as other categories,” she said.

Photography // Alex Winner

“The musclier you get, the more objection and opinions you tend to hear about how you should or shouldn’t look as a female.”

“As soon as I recognised the fact that it didn’t matter what I was born with, only how hard I was willing to work, I was hooked on the idea of competing.” Rachel also said that there is a misconception that female bodybuilders don’t train or prepare as hard as their male counterparts, or they have it easier. However, according to Rachel, this is not the case. “If you are passionate, determined and focused enough about being the best you can be, you will give every effort you possibly can regardless of gender, because you can’t ever cheat the grind.” Designed by Kathleen Maier

Yak Magazine // August 2016

GETTING TO KNOW ‘YOU’ Nadene Budden is here to help you feel comfortable in your own skin.

You may have known from a young age that you weren’t heterosexual. You may have started questioning it in your teen years, or maybe it’s only just dawned upon you recently. Some friends may have even known before you caught on yourself. Coming out can be difficult, but it can also be easier than expected. UON student, Lily Jones*, said that when she was coming to understand her sexuality, she felt a lot of pressure to define her sexuality as either gay or straight. “But I came to understand there is a whole spectrum of different sexualities,” she said.

Sexuality is best seen as a fluid aspect of life, with the level of fluidity differing from person to person. Lily identifies as pansexual, although sometimes, she’ll be more attracted to one gender more than others. Gender, in this respect, has the same fluctuations of fluidity. Although there are people who identify with the gender assigned to them at birth, others identify as the ‘opposite’ and there are

plenty of people who also sit somewhere in the middle. It’s becoming more normal for people to explore and question their own sexual identities. But, unfortunately, there will always be some haters in the world. UON student, Kieran Lee* said, “It started off with homophobic slurs like ‘gay’ and ‘homo’, and got much worse,” he said. “[I was] punched in the playground, pushed off my bike, having rocks thrown at me, and getting threatened by kids wielding metal poles.”

“The only person who can tell you what your sexuality is, is you.” Finding out he was gay at the age of nine, Kieran began to develop anxiety and depression from the negative judgements of those around him. “Even when I was 18, I had a girlfriend and tried to hide it.” This reality is not uncommon within the LGBTQIA+ community. A 2014 report released by the Australian Human Rights Commission said that 60 per cent of the community experienced verbal homophobic abuse, and members are three times more likely to experience depression. However, those currently questioning where they fit in must stay positive and headstrong. Remember to express yourself. Remember to live freely and, where you can, without fear. “There are millions of people outside of school waiting to see your true colours, and they’ll love you for it,” Kieran said. “If you don’t feel comfortable identifying as one definite sexuality, then don’t. The only person who can tell you what your sexuality is, is you,” Lily said. It is important to realise that you are not alone in the world. Whatever the situation, there will always be people around to help and support you when needed. Various levels of support are available through UON, the need for these will differ from case to case. Students identifying as queer or questioning where they fall within the community are welcome to contact the NUSA Queer Collective at queer.nusa@edu.au for support or further information. *Names changed for anonymity

Yak Magazine // August 2016

HEALTH // UON’S SUPPORT COMMUNITY FOR SEXUAL HEALTH Michaela Wagland knows where to go on campus for sexual health advice.

When it comes to sex and sexual health, we might all have questions. However, not just the general wonderings of, “Do they like it when I do this?” or, “Will they be up for trying this?” Those types of questions are for a completely honest conversation between you and your partner. The questions we’re referring to are those of a more ‘sensitive’ and private nature. When part of you simply does not feel alright after sex, physically or emotionally, it’s fundamental to be aware of any available support, to ensure that you receive all the advice, information and help that you might need. When it comes to an issue that is causing you stress, speaking to a professional can be significantly helpful as your sexual health is paramount. You won’t need to travel far either, as UON offers an incredible amount of medical support.

“Students who would like a sexual health check, advice, or support are welcome to attend the University Health Service either at Callaghan or Ourimbah.” Associate Director of Student Care and Equity, Dr Stephanie Brookman, explains you can source the majority of information associated with the University’s support systems and general advice on sexual health from the Health Counselling and Wellbeing webpage via the UON homepage. And, of course,

there are also face-to-face opportunities available to students on either Ourimbah or Callaghan campus. The University’s sexual health page is abundant with information that may answer any questions that are lingering on your mind. Dr Brookman said the University’s Health Service Centre is located in the Student Services Building on Callaghan campus for “confidential and non-judgment sexual health checks”. “Students who would like a sexual health check, advice, or support are welcome to attend the University Health Service either at Callaghan or Ourimbah. They just need to make a routine appointment,” Dr Brookman said. Dr Brookman also said that they are adding to UON’s online support structure for other, important sexual issues. “We are partnering in the development of an online module on consent which should be available in the second half of the year.” So make sure to keep your eye out for this fantastic new initiative. To book an appointment with the UON Health Service, you may call 4921 6000, or you can find more information regarding sexual health and wellbeing online at newcastle. edu.au/sexual-health

Yak Magazine // August 2016

GIVE YOUR BRAIN A BREAK Gunnaina Kohli looks at the importance of taking a mental health day.

These days, it might be seen in good light to be as productive as possible, but even my four year old nephew can claim he is “too busy” to take a shower, or eat lunch. These children could potentially grow up in a mentally unhealthy society where the idea of perfectionism and productivity is so prevalent that they ‘lose’ themselves in the process. But let’s not take it that far; let’s look at ourselves now. 42

Regretfully, I’m one of those who wait until they’re completely burned out before taking a personal or sick day. I say, “Sorry, but I will not be able to make it to class or work tonight. Feeling a bit off.” A white lie, usually. I am feeling off. They think it’s because I feel physically sick, but I know I feel mentally drained. Stress, anxiety and a demanding schedule has taken its toll, and now my mind will take double the time to recover. A 2016 survey, with 5000 workers from the Australian Council of Trade Unions, found that 25 per cent took time off due to stress. If you break your leg, you take time off work. If you have a fever, you lay in bed. However, if I have bags under my eyes and my mind is brimming to the tip, does that justify a day off? The rise of Mental Health Day, officially held for the first time on Saturday, October 10, 2015, has helped raise public awareness of mental health issues worldwide, so they are no longer a taboo in our society. According to the Mental Health Australia website, “You don’t have to have a mental illness to take part, you just need to have an interest in your own good health, which is important to everyone.” It is vital to recognise when you need a day of rest. If you are able to notice the signs early on, you may be better off. So ask yourself this: have you been feeling tired more than usual? Apathetic? Sleepless or stressed? If there is no physical cause, you better get checked out by your GP, as it may be your mind telling you that you need to slow down. Designed by Emily Cranidge

Whether it be taking a day off to sleep in, walk your dog in the park, or watch old Seinfeld reruns, your mind will thank you for it. You will come back feeling more charged and productive than ever.

“If you break your leg, you take time off work. If you have a fever, you lay in bed. However, if I have bags under my eyes and my mind is brimming to the tip, does that justify a day off?” Being human, we are not supposed to continually be under the fight or flight response. Sometimes we are meant to just ‘be’, to enjoy our environment and just relax. We have the information regarding mental health readily available to us, whether it be on campus, in the community, or online. For example, UON’s annual University Mental Health Day and Stress Less Week aims to provide students with information regarding mental health and wellbeing, as well as ways of looking after yourself. So let us take a moment to remember the importance of our mental health and prevent, rather than treat, a mental break. Therefore, if you notice yourself slowing down, being too tired, apathetic, or generally run-down, pause and tell your boss or tutor that you won’t be coming into work or class that day. Remember to take time for yourself. It will certainly benefit your mind and body in the long run. UON provide services for positive mental health. For more information, or to make an appointment with the Counselling Service, visit newcastle.edu.au/current-students/support/ health-counselling-and-wellbeing/your-mental-health.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

WATT SPACE // THE ART OF SWIPING RIGHT Art and Tinder make an exciting combination, writes Michaela Wagland.

Photo of Digital Installation // Kim Saberton

“And what do you do when we you get horny?” “I look at art.” The Art of Swiping Right was the Honours exhibition at Watt Space; the outcome of an entire years worth of research into the “performative potentials of the hook-up application, Tinder, and the themes of identity, fantasy and exchange in a post-internet context”, as the event description explains. This body of work has been constructed by Bachelor of Fine Arts (Honours) student, Kim Saberton, a multidisciplinary artist. Graduating last year with a major in Photomedia, Kim’s artistic talent extends across multiple creative platforms, including projection, video works and performance. The “confronting public” and “sexily private” exhibition explored Tinder’s operational workings as a space, architecturally and socially. This has been the prominent focus of the work the Honours student has created throughout her degree. Kim said her work looks at how people perform their identity within the space. “While images obviously play a massive role within the schematic of Tinder roulette, I’m particularly interested in the dynamic of textual exchange and linguistic performativity which occurs,” Kim said.

In a period of application domination, this contemporary exhibition emphasises our individual interaction with apps. As Kim’s current interests are the exploration into the development of the post-Internet within art, and identifying direction in social online spaces, this is a body of work every student should see. Works in the exhibition included ‘We are looking for someone to have fun with’, ‘I usually just stalk you and masturbate’, and ‘In 72 minutes I will get your selfie and hear your voice’. “The exhibition also covered a series of video works created during the research year, which explore the awkward, the banal, the explicit, and the overall sexual tension of tinder-space as an exchange of text and fantasy.”

“While image obviously plays a massive role within the schematic of Tinder roulette, I’m particularly interested in the dynamic of textual exchange and linguistic performativity which occurs.” If you would like to see more of Kim Saberton’s work, go to www.facebook.com/kimsabertonartist.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

THE FASHION INDUSTRY AND BODY IMAGE: WHAT NEEDS TO CHANGE

Photo courtesy of Unsplash // Kris Atomic

Does the fashion industry promote a negative body image? Michaela Wagland investigates.

Within Australia, we’re presented with the most contemporary looks and the newest trends to be following from the annual Mercedes Benz Fashion Week Australia. This year we were presented with an abundance of white, a visit from the 90s, African inspirations, and more. However, behind the spotlight of glamour and desire, an underlying issue is prominent: the perception of body image within the fashion industry. While this matter is certainly significant, it has been the same discussion for many years. Specifically with Fashion Week, an event that has been occurring for over 20 years now, the issue of ‘skinny models’ always arises. But what has been done? Fashion magazines are abundant with spreads promoting the latest deigns, often featuring the body of a ‘skinny’ model. The plethoras of images are beautiful, however, what message are they sending to men and women worldwide? In an article for The Conversation, Director of Master of Marketing at Swinburne University of Technology, Nives Zubcevic-Basic, said, “So deeply ingrained are these perception of ultimate beauty that when we do see a model who doesn’t fit into that industry stereotype, such as Australian plus size model Robyn Lawley, it makes global news.” Are models, by any standard, the true representation and measurement of beauty? There have been studies conducted within Australia that identify connections between body dissatisfaction with physical and mental health concerns. Research conducted by the Victorian Government Health sector concluded that the media was a significant influence. Journalist for Mamamia, Mia Freedman, said in an article, “It makes no sense to me as a woman, or as a businesswoman for the fashion industry, to be so drastically out of step with Designed by Kathleen Maier

what women want. Using these models is not good for anyone’s business, let alone the morality of spruiking such troubling messages to vulnerable women and girls.” Although her comment was made in response to Cassi Van Den Dungen’s ‘thin’ body shape, when she walked for Alex Perry in 2014, her remarks are a reflection of why this issue needs to be addressed. Although some of these models are considered to be ‘underweight’, they might be battling eating disorders, and help could be what they require. As former Editor of Australian Vogue, Kirstie Clements said to The Guardian, “There is slim, and then there is ‘scary skinny’.” Could 2016 bring forth the change we need? As Teaching Fellow at Durham University, Rachel Cole-Fletcher, said in an article for The Conversation, “France has joined Italy and Israel in passing laws banning the promotion of extreme thinness in the fashion industry.” The health reforms also enable a fine for the employment of models by agencies with a BMI of 18 or less. From this international step forward, numerous campaigns were established that disseminated body image positivity and encouraged more images of plus size models. Is this what we need in Australia? Although fashion magazines are ultimately about the clothes, and models are chosen because of they way they carry them, incorporating images of healthy, toned and curvaceous women can be truly inspiring. There is no denying that it can be extremely difficult to feel comfortable in ones own skin. And to be beautiful or handsome is not just about your body shape. These models that we see in magazines and all over social media are attractive, yes, but that is just one example of what the human body can look like.

Yak Magazine // August 2016

BEWARE THE CHAIR: THE UNHEALTHY HABIT OF SITTING Nick Smit (ironically) sits down with the experts to talk about the dangers of being sedentary.

As a university student, just about to dive back into your studies, the line “excessive sitting is bad for you” is probably only just under “the $200 textbook is a mandatory reading” on the list of the worst things being said to you at this moment. Indeed, from lectures and tutorials, to assessments and studying in general, the student life calls upon us to do a lot of sitting.

“If you spend a lot of time at a desk, you tend to eat there, and you may end up putting on extra calories because you’re lost in whatever work you’re doing,” Plotnikoff said. To this, he recommends trying to keep eating and work as separate as possible so you can pay attention to when you’re actually full and cut down on snacking behaviours.

Even once we’re done with our scholarly duties, the hobbies we frequently enjoy leave us at a desk or sitting on a bed, which has prompted researchers and other professionals to look into the possible health risks associated with sedentary life, as well as the ways in which we might overcome them.

“We’ve all felt that unwelcome ache as a result of an eight or even a 10-hour session in front of screen or book.”

To be clear, this isn’t an all-out war on sitting. The human body benefits greatly from short breaks of sitting or lying down, as evidenced by the overwhelmingly euphoric feeling that washes over you at the end of a shift of standing at work. Yet we’ve all felt that unwelcome ache as a result of an eight, or even, a 10-hour session in front of screen or book. It’s worth knowing what we’re up against. Since I’m sitting whilst writing this, it’ll be my pleasure to take you through all the horrible things that are slowly happening to me.

However, the most effective, difficult, and possibly obvious solution to the impacts of inactivity is just getting a little bit more activity – the more vigorous the better. “Standing is better metabolically than sitting, for example,” Plotnikoff said. “But it is still hours of standing compared to walking or moderate forms of exercise.” Exercise has also been shown to help with cognition and increase your efficiency with mental tasks. So, the next time you feel like running away from that essay for a little while, it might not be the worst idea.

The most immediate thing I’ll start to feel is the aforementioned ache. Health and Safety Advisor for Wellbeing at UON, Diane Bunch, said “ergonomics is always the big one”. Our study habits can put our bodies in positions it simply wasn’t designed to be in for long periods of time. You might be inclined to use a laptop on your lap, as the name suggests, to do an assignment or look through your lecture slides. However, just a few hours of hunching or reaching down can cause musculoskeletal injuries, such as neck and shoulder pain, as well as issues like carpal tunnel due to the position of your hands and wrists.

“There is a strong correlation in the research between sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating habits.” When possible, investing in a separate mouse and using your laptop on a surface where you can comfortably reach it can be a much better option. But it’s still only as good as your posture. “Sitting up straight can be difficult at first, but no one wants a slipped disc,” Ms Bunch said. Next up, my relative lack of physical activity, illustrious diet of coffee and home-deliverable fast food, combine in a wonderfully awful harmony. On top of the muscle atrophy and weight gain that can result from a lack of exercise in general, Chairman of Physical Education and Population Health Professor, Ronald Plotnikoff, said there is a strong correlation in the research between sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating habits that can lead to weight gain. Designed by Laura Unicomb

Yak Magazine // August 2016

WHAT’S ON // AUGUST

MON

TUES

WED

THURS

1. Festival of Autonomy

2. Festival of Autonomy

3. Festival of Autonomy

4. Festival of Autonomy

5. Festival of Autonomy

August UAC Applications open

Common Lunch BBQ, 12pm, Callaghan

Canberra CareersXpo 9.30am - 6pm

Canberra CareersXpo 9.30am - 2pm

Autonomy Day Party, 7am, Bar on the Hill

ResTalks 7pm, Griffith Duncan Theatre

National Campus Band Comp Heat 1, 7pm, Bar on the Hill

Port Macquarie Info Session, 4pm - 7pm

8. Enterprise and Innovation Week

9. Enterprise and 10. Enterprise

Monday Movies : ‘The Intern’, 6pm, Derkenne Courtyard

Common Lunch BBQ, 12pm, Callaghan

15.

16. Tanner Tuesday, Amnesty Careers Panel, GT Bar

17. National Campus Band Comp Heat 3, 7pm, Bar on the Hill

18. Trimester 2 Exams

23. Trimester 2 Exams

24. Trimester 2

25. Trimester 2

22. Trimester 2 Exams

Innovation Week

Monday Movies“Big Hero 6”, 6pm, Derkenne Courtyard

29. Cultural Awakenings Festival

and Innovation Week

National Campus Band Comp ‘Second Chance Heat’, 7pm, Bar on the Hill

30. Cultural Awakenings Festival

31. Cultural

Awakenings Festival Semester 2 Census Date

SAT

SUN

6. Olive Tree

7. Newcastle

Markets, Civic Park, 9am - 3pm Newcastle Terrigal Beach Markets, 9am 2pm

Farmers Markets, 8am 1pm, Newcastle Showground

11. Enterprise and 12. Enterprise and 13. Central Coast 14. Newcastle Innovation Week

Innovation Week Trimester 2 Concludes

National Campus Band Comp Heat 2, 7pm, Bar on the Hill

Exams

FRI

19. Trimester 2 Exams

Open Day, 10am - 3pm, Ourimbah

Farmers Markets, 8am 1pm, Newcastle Showground

20. Newcastle Open Day, 10am - 4pm, Callaghan

21. Dead Letter Circus, 7pm, Cambridge Hotel Hunter Science Festival, 10m 2pm, Newcastle Museum

Exams

26. Trimester 2

27. Newcastle

Newcastle Jazz Festival, 4.30pm - 10.30pm, West Leagues Club

Wine Expo, 10am - 6pm, Newcastle Entertainment Centre

Newcastle Food & Wine Expo, 11am - 8pm, Newcastle Entertainment Centre

Dami Im, 7.45pm, Belmont 16s

Exams

Jazz Festival, 10am - 5.30pm, National Campus West Leagues Band Comp Final, Club 7pm, Bar on the Hill Newcastle Food &

28. Newcastle Farmers Markets, 8am 1pm, Newcastle Showground Newcastle Jazz Festival, 10am - 5.30pm, West Leagues Club Newcastle Food & Wine Expo, 10am - 5pm, Newcastle Entertainment Centre

Yak Magazine // August 2016

WHAT’S ON // SEPTEMBER

MON

TUES

WED

THURS 1. Cultural Awakenings Festival

5. Trimester 3 Commences

6. Create 2308

7. Create 2308

8. Create 2308

FRI 2. Cultural

3. Olive Tree Markets, 9am 3pm, Civic Park

Trimester 2 Results Released

Terrigal Beach Markets, 9am 2pm

9. Create 2308

10.

11.

16. Sydney

17. Sydney

18.

24.

25. Newcastle

Awakenings Festival

12. Monday

13.

14.

15.

19. Semester 2 Recess, 19-30 September

20.

21.

22.

23.

26. Trimester 3

27. Semester 2

28.

29. Graduation

30. Graduation Ceremonies, Callaghan

Census Date

SUN 4. Newcastle

Farmers Markets, 8am - 1pm, Newcastle Showground

Walking Campus Tour, 10am, Callaghan and Ourimbah

Create 2308

Movies: ‘Star Wars: The Force Awakens’, 6pm, Derkenne Courtyard

SAT

Exam Timetable Released

Ceremonies, Callaghan

Comedy Festival Roadshow, 8pm, Glasshouse, Port Macquarie

Comedy Festival Roadshow, 8pm, Civic Theatre Newcastle

Farmers Markets, 8am 1pm, Newcastle Showground

Walking Campus Tour, 10am, Callaghan and Ourimbah UAC Undergraduate On-time Applications Close