Reframing Anlong Kngan settlement

R E F R A M I N G

ANLONG KNGAN S E T T L E M E N T

1. SITE OVERVIEW

PHNOM PENH C A M B O D I A

site overview

relocation map - 2001 two fires swept through the informal settlement of Bassac and ChbarAmpeou, located on each side of the Bassac river - destroyed over 3,000 family homes - Anlong Kngan located 15km away from phnom penh city centre

RELOCATION SITE ANLONG KNGAN

SEN SOK City center

Phnom Penh

Bassac River

15km

Bassac River Community

N

Anlong Kagan Settlement Phnom Penh Municipality SenSok district Districts borders

BASSAC RIVER COMMUNITIES

2. ISSUES AND CAPITALS

3

Issues and Opportunities

4

2

1

Compact Space

Small Plot

3

Housing Materials Housing Materials PRIMARY SCHOOL

Housing Efficient use of Space

2

EMPTY PLOT

ROAD

No Landtitle

3

ROAD

Garbage

ROAD

HEALTH CENTRE

1

4

5

ROAD

4

North

1

2 Plant Growing

Narrow Road

Shared Space

PRIMARY SCHOOL

ROAD

Immediate Surrounding

4

ROAD

ROAD

Animal Issue

Garbage Management

1

EMPTY PLOT

3

HEALTH CENTRE

2 ROAD

3

4

North

2

1

Lake

Poor use of Park

Public Space Shared Terrace

3 2

3

1

3

3

3

3

3

2

1

Poor Education

Business Opportunity

Social Network

PRIMARY SCHOOL

ROAD

2

3

Saving Group

Lack of Jobs

ROAD

ROAD

1 EMPTY PLOT

HEALTH CENTRE

2

33

44

ROAD

North

COMMUNITY SETTLEMENT CAPITALS

ACCESSIBILITY from/to POROSITY HEALTH CENTRE

POND POROSITY CANAL

North

COMMUNITY SETTLEMENT CAPITALS D E N S I T Y as treasure for the community.

The density of the site allows the establishment of narrow streets where the public and private spaces are blurred and overlapped.

semi - public space semi - private space private space

MICRO SCALE

P O R O S I T Y The site appears having different levels of POROSITY according to

the different sides and approaches the community has towords the rest of the settlement. In fact, the community is differently accesible from and to the settlement, having some main entrances and paved streets on the main road. On the other hand, the side alongside the community on the canal is less accessible from outside, having closed alleys.

semi - public space semi - private space private space

MICRO SCALE

S O C I A L is constantly encouraged due to the physical proximity of people N E T W O R K living within the community. We have found that people has good relationships with neighboors and they know each other.

COMMUNITY SETTLEMENT CAPITALS THE

K I D S play an important part in the future generation of the community,

THE

P O N D as potential to create spaces with multiple functions.

taking the input from the activities that we have done.

They have the potential power to embody the future change for the community.

Nowadays the lake is exploited to grow vegetables which are weekly sold at the local market. The lake have the potential to host other kind of activities to sustain the livelihoods.

A N I M A L S the presence of animals could became a way to create a community’s farm from which local products will be sell or used to increment the livelihoods.

WHAT WE GOT FROM THE COMMUNITY WORKSHOPS workshop 1_UNDERSTANDING DOMESTIC SPACES HOUSE DIMENSION: ORIGINAL (today)

4m x 6m = 24 m2

‘DREAM’ HOUSE

4m x 15m = 60 m2

‘WORKSHOP outcome’ HOUSE

13.6m x 7.8m = 106 m2

‘NEGOTIATIATED’ HOUSE

4m x 8m = 32

m2

+

GARDEN STUDY ROOM DRYNING CLOTHES PARKING/OPEN SPACE

COMMON SPACES

workshop 2_UPGRADING PRIORITIES DRAINAGE

FILL THE CANAL FILLE THE POND

PROPER ROADS

GARBAGE

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES

our AIM...

ACTIVATE SELF-SUFFICIENT ATTITUDE sense of belonging attachment

space

identity

collective platform networks

collaborative actions

RELOCATION DYNAMICS _ AN ORGANIC URBANIZATION Squatting into the core of the relocation site

AnlongKagan

15 km

Phonm Penh city center

agriculture land canals

incremental occupation of the relocation site

people without land title people with land title ‘public’ land (ministry of health)

+

COMMUNITY ISOLATION

ESTRANGED INDIVIDUALITY

Connections established between the communities with the rest Connections established between of the relocation site. the communities with the rest The site has been developed of the relocation site. as a city itself.

The site has been developed as a city itself.

=

INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE COMMUNITIES INTERDEPENDENCE AND THE ENTIRE SITE BETWEEN THE COMMUNITIES AND THE ENTIRE SITE

people without land title with landland titletitle people without ‘public’ land (ministry of health) people with land title ‘public’ land (ministry of health)

ORGANIC URBAN SYSTEM

N

PROPOSALS

UPGRADING TIMELINE _ social and urban dimensions

collection of garbage

saving groups

sharing knowledge

park regenaration

drainage implementation

construction skills

reblocking

co-op / associations

garden within the community

common services

ACTIVATE COMMUNITY

UPGRADING TIMELINE _ social and urban dimensions

SAVING GROUPS re-activating

CONSTRUCTION SKILLS sharing

BEFORE

AFTER

DRAINAGE IMPLEMENTATION co-operating

BEFORE

AFTER

COMMON SPACES sharing

BEFORE

AFTER

PARK REGENERATION preserving

BEFORE

AFTER

CO-OP/ASSOCIATIONS co-operation

BEFORE

AFTER

COLLECTION OF GARBAGE collective

BEFORE

AFTER

RE-BLOCKING

RE-BLOCKING BEFORE

AFTER

RE-BLOCKING BEFORE

AFTER

RE-BLOCKING BEFORE

AFTER

RE-BLOCKING BEFORE

AFTER

RE-BLOCKING sensitive

option 1

parking

garden garden

lake

HC

RE-BLOCKING sensitive

option 2

4. SCALE AND CITY-WIDE

CITY-WIDE UPGRADING CONVENTIONAL APPROACH

ALTERNATIVE APPROACH

?

demanding land title

start upgrading before land title

MPP

top down resettlement mechanism

community acquisition of land

S land spectulation through individual land title evictions and resettlement

slum expansions

collective land tenure decreases land speculation evictions and resettlement

slum expansions

EXISTING EFFORTS Existing Efforts: - Circular 03 - MOU (CDF, ACHR, General Department of Housing, Ministry of LMUC) MPP (Municipality of Phnom Penh)

- Provide land title - Platform for negotiation Khaan

NGO

- Negotiation, Source of Funds, Trainings, Education - Knowledge, willingness to invest in permanent housing, savings groups, social networks, tools, sometimes established basic infrastructure

Community (Saving Group)

ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE

- Provide soft loans for collective housing and land tenure * The idea from Baan Mankong (Thailand)

MPP - Upgrade the community by themselves.

NGO

ďź?

Khaan

- Partinership between Khaan and NGOs to allocate the fund - Community saving and Long-term plan for collective upgrading

COLLABORATIONS PLATFORMS AND TOOLS

MPP

Image Book of circular03

Visit the community

Communities

Local Fair where local businesses can meet and create coops Data Collection

CIty-wide competition for design

Visit the community

Community Mapping Setup a community centre

Khaan

Casual Meetings

Organize coops

Festivals for celebrating a community “birthday�

Technical Trainings Local newspapers/ Radios/ Webpages

CIty-wide competition for design

Casual Meetings

Online Platform

Biannual Conference

NGOs/ Universities

TRANSITION

The position of the urban poor in the alternative transition?

Poor, evicted and landless citizens should have the right to claim the land that they occupy. It is their common, rather than individual right to “exercise a collective power to reshape the process of urbanization” (Harvey on “The Right to the City”)

“informal” or “illegal” settlement

=

“informal” or “illegal” citizens

Common goal of the municipality and the urban poor: An inclusive long-term commitment, multi-level planning and shared stewardship of land in the process of developing the city