R E F R A M I N G
ANLONG KNGAN S E T T L E M E N T
1. SITE OVERVIEW
PHNOM PENH C A M B O D I A
site overview
relocation map - 2001 two fires swept through the informal settlement of Bassac and ChbarAmpeou, located on each side of the Bassac river - destroyed over 3,000 family homes - Anlong Kngan located 15km away from phnom penh city centre
RELOCATION SITE ANLONG KNGAN
SEN SOK City center
Phnom Penh
Bassac River
15km
Bassac River Community
N
Anlong Kagan Settlement Phnom Penh Municipality SenSok district Districts borders
BASSAC RIVER COMMUNITIES
2. ISSUES AND CAPITALS
3
Issues and Opportunities
4
2
1
Compact Space
Small Plot
3
Housing Materials Housing Materials PRIMARY SCHOOL
Housing Efficient use of Space
2
EMPTY PLOT
ROAD
No Landtitle
3
ROAD
Garbage
ROAD
HEALTH CENTRE
1
4
5
ROAD
4
North
1
2 Plant Growing
Narrow Road
Shared Space
PRIMARY SCHOOL
ROAD
Immediate Surrounding
4
ROAD
ROAD
Animal Issue
Garbage Management
1
EMPTY PLOT
3
HEALTH CENTRE
2 ROAD
3
4
North
2
1
Lake
Poor use of Park
Public Space Shared Terrace
3 2
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
Poor Education
Business Opportunity
Social Network
PRIMARY SCHOOL
ROAD
2
3
Saving Group
Lack of Jobs
ROAD
ROAD
1 EMPTY PLOT
HEALTH CENTRE
2
33
44
ROAD
North
COMMUNITY SETTLEMENT CAPITALS
ACCESSIBILITY from/to POROSITY HEALTH CENTRE
POND POROSITY CANAL
North
COMMUNITY SETTLEMENT CAPITALS D E N S I T Y as treasure for the community. The density of the site allows the establishment of narrow streets where the public and private spaces are blurred and overlapped.
semi - public space semi - private space private space
MICRO SCALE
P O R O S I T Y The site appears having different levels of POROSITY according to
the different sides and approaches the community has towords the rest of the settlement. In fact, the community is differently accesible from and to the settlement, having some main entrances and paved streets on the main road. On the other hand, the side alongside the community on the canal is less accessible from outside, having closed alleys.
semi - public space semi - private space private space
MICRO SCALE
S O C I A L is constantly encouraged due to the physical proximity of people N E T W O R K living within the community. We have found that people has good relationships with neighboors and they know each other.
COMMUNITY SETTLEMENT CAPITALS THE
K I D S play an important part in the future generation of the community,
THE
P O N D as potential to create spaces with multiple functions.
taking the input from the activities that we have done. They have the potential power to embody the future change for the community.
Nowadays the lake is exploited to grow vegetables which are weekly sold at the local market. The lake have the potential to host other kind of activities to sustain the livelihoods.
A N I M A L S the presence of animals could became a way to create a community’s farm from which local products will be sell or used to increment the livelihoods.
WHAT WE GOT FROM THE COMMUNITY WORKSHOPS workshop 1_UNDERSTANDING DOMESTIC SPACES HOUSE DIMENSION: ORIGINAL (today)
4m x 6m = 24 m2
‘DREAM’ HOUSE
4m x 15m = 60 m2
‘WORKSHOP outcome’ HOUSE
13.6m x 7.8m = 106 m2
‘NEGOTIATIATED’ HOUSE
4m x 8m = 32
m2
+
GARDEN STUDY ROOM DRYNING CLOTHES PARKING/OPEN SPACE
COMMON SPACES
workshop 2_UPGRADING PRIORITIES DRAINAGE
FILL THE CANAL FILLE THE POND
PROPER ROADS
GARBAGE
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES
our AIM...
ACTIVATE SELF-SUFFICIENT ATTITUDE sense of belonging attachment
space
identity
collective platform networks
collaborative actions
RELOCATION DYNAMICS _ AN ORGANIC URBANIZATION Squatting into the core of the relocation site
AnlongKagan
15 km
Phonm Penh city center
agriculture land canals
incremental occupation of the relocation site
people without land title people with land title ‘public’ land (ministry of health)
+
COMMUNITY ISOLATION
ESTRANGED INDIVIDUALITY
Connections established between the communities with the rest Connections established between of the relocation site. the communities with the rest The site has been developed of the relocation site. as a city itself. The site has been developed as a city itself.
=
INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE COMMUNITIES INTERDEPENDENCE AND THE ENTIRE SITE BETWEEN THE COMMUNITIES AND THE ENTIRE SITE
people without land title with landland titletitle people without ‘public’ land (ministry of health) people with land title ‘public’ land (ministry of health)
ORGANIC URBAN SYSTEM
N
PROPOSALS
UPGRADING TIMELINE _ social and urban dimensions
collection of garbage
saving groups
sharing knowledge
park regenaration
drainage implementation
construction skills
reblocking
co-op / associations
garden within the community
common services
ACTIVATE COMMUNITY
UPGRADING TIMELINE _ social and urban dimensions
SAVING GROUPS re-activating
CONSTRUCTION SKILLS sharing
BEFORE
AFTER
DRAINAGE IMPLEMENTATION co-operating
BEFORE
AFTER
COMMON SPACES sharing
BEFORE
AFTER
PARK REGENERATION preserving
BEFORE
AFTER
CO-OP/ASSOCIATIONS co-operation
BEFORE
AFTER
COLLECTION OF GARBAGE collective
BEFORE
AFTER
RE-BLOCKING
RE-BLOCKING BEFORE
AFTER
RE-BLOCKING BEFORE
AFTER
RE-BLOCKING BEFORE
AFTER
RE-BLOCKING BEFORE
AFTER
RE-BLOCKING sensitive
option 1
parking
garden garden
lake
HC
RE-BLOCKING sensitive
option 2
4. SCALE AND CITY-WIDE
CITY-WIDE UPGRADING CONVENTIONAL APPROACH
ALTERNATIVE APPROACH
?
demanding land title
start upgrading before land title
MPP
top down resettlement mechanism
community acquisition of land
S land spectulation through individual land title evictions and resettlement
slum expansions
collective land tenure decreases land speculation evictions and resettlement
slum expansions
EXISTING EFFORTS Existing Efforts: - Circular 03 - MOU (CDF, ACHR, General Department of Housing, Ministry of LMUC) MPP (Municipality of Phnom Penh)
- Provide land title - Platform for negotiation Khaan
NGO
- Negotiation, Source of Funds, Trainings, Education - Knowledge, willingness to invest in permanent housing, savings groups, social networks, tools, sometimes established basic infrastructure
Community (Saving Group)
ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE
- Provide soft loans for collective housing and land tenure * The idea from Baan Mankong (Thailand)
MPP - Upgrade the community by themselves.
NGO
ďź? Khaan
- Partinership between Khaan and NGOs to allocate the fund - Community saving and Long-term plan for collective upgrading
COLLABORATIONS PLATFORMS AND TOOLS
MPP
Image Book of circular03
Visit the community
Communities
Local Fair where local businesses can meet and create coops Data Collection
CIty-wide competition for design
Visit the community
Community Mapping Setup a community centre
Khaan
Casual Meetings
Organize coops
Festivals for celebrating a community “birthday�
Technical Trainings Local newspapers/ Radios/ Webpages
CIty-wide competition for design
Casual Meetings
Online Platform
Biannual Conference
NGOs/ Universities
TRANSITION
The position of the urban poor in the alternative transition?
Poor, evicted and landless citizens should have the right to claim the land that they occupy. It is their common, rather than individual right to “exercise a collective power to reshape the process of urbanization” (Harvey on “The Right to the City”)
“informal” or “illegal” settlement
=
“informal” or “illegal” citizens
Common goal of the municipality and the urban poor: An inclusive long-term commitment, multi-level planning and shared stewardship of land in the process of developing the city