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AMIDST THE ONSET OF SUMMER URBAN REALM DISHES THE DIRT ONCE MORE ON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, A FIELD WHICH HAS GROWN TO COVER EXCITING NEW GROUND IN RECENT YEARS. OVER A SERIES OF INTERVIEWS AND CASE STUDIES WE OUTLINE THE CURRENT LIE OF THE LAND. Many in the landscape profession have a spring in their step as summer approaches
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Q&A Rolf Roscher, Director, erz What has been your key project of the past 12 months? There have been quite a few, a diverse range of projects, interesting in different ways. It is hard to choose one in particular. We are just completing delivery of Barrowfield Park in the east end of Glasgow, Newcraigs Hospital Campus in Inverness and the first phase of Royal Edinburgh Hospital is underway. The Possil Health Centre ‘urban gym wall’ is an interesting public realm intervention. We have also carried out a couple of strategic ‘Integrated Green Infra-structure’ studies covering different parts of Greater Glasgow. Obviously we are excited that Kilmahew / St Peter’s is now moving forward as well as the Prince and Princess of Wales Hospice in Bellahouston Park. It was also good to be shortlisted as one of the final 3 teams for the Land Art Generator Initiative Glasgow competition: a great team and an exciting proposal. How will the importance of landscape change in a world battling food security, climate change and sustainability? The importance of landscape arguably doesn’t change (it has always been pivotal). However, the political and economic imperatives driving decision making are changing. As a result, the skills of the landscape architect appear to be increasingly important in the unfolding 21st century. This includes the ability to design spaces for people, to work with natural and cultural processes and to take a systems based approach to master planning and strategy. What is the most satisfying aspect of your job? Certainly I find one of the most thrilling things is to have imagined a place in your head, to have anticipated a spatial experience and then to physically experience it.
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Susan Irwine, Associate and Landscape Architect, Gillespies What has been your key project of the past 12 months? Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow We have been working on the designs for a new public realm for The Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in Glasgow. The new £842 million hospital facility, formerly known as the South Glasgow University Hospital, started taking patients in April 2015. The grounds – which are currently still under construction – will provide a high quality green campus setting for the new and existing buildings, available not only to hospital visitors but also to local residents. The transport hub provides combined bus and taxi drop-off facilities alongside new multi-storey car parks, which are situated in close proximity and connected to the main arrival plaza via granite paved and tree-lined footways. Two new parks have been designed in conjunction with the SUDs requirements for the site. The Children’s Park – which incorporates bespoke, themed play equipment – is built over an underground cell storage arrangement whilst the Central Park is set around a large open, water and wetland feature. Both parks provide areas to play and relax, comprising a series of hard and soft, formal and informal designed landscaped areas, including; woodland planting, orchard, ornamental shrub, herbaceous planting and wildflower meadows, bringing a variety of landscape habitats into an urban setting. How do we create more diverse habitats in urban areas? All landscape projects have an opportunity to create a diverse range of habitats in urban areas, even if the available space is small. The key, particularly in small spaces, is not to have a mono-culture design response, whether that be with plants or surface finishes. With planting, it can be too easy to select evergreen, robust and trusted plant species, but with the right combination of plants it is possible to achieve year round visual interest as well as providing micro areas of suitable habitats for wildlife. Trees and shrubs with colourful and / or interesting bark qualities are an alternative to evergreen species, planted in association with spring, summer, autumn or winter perennials or a combination of these will provide year round interest, as well as food sources for insects, URBAN REALM SUMMER 2016 URBANREALM.COM
which in turn support birds. Deciduous species have the added advantage of denoting the seasons of the year. Surface finishes need not simply be flags or sets. When designed in conjunction with the planting, pebbles, gravel and shell mulches are all ideal materials for creating micro habitats for wildlife. If the ground area is limited, think vertically. What is the most satisfying aspect of your job? Having an influence on the environment that I live in is hugely rewarding. I enjoy the creativity of the design process and watching the transformation of spaces and places unfold. Projects that provide the greatest opportunity to improve both people’s lives and that of wildlife is particularly satisfying. Cunningar Loop, Dalmanock, is an excellent example of this. We have transformed 15 hectares of previously derelict land into an urban park that provides local residents with a muchneeded recreation facility, but has also been designed with nature in mind. A substantial amount of existing hawthorn and willow scrub has been retained to ensure a framework to the new park and supplemented with new woodland and ornamental tree species to broaden the range of habitats as well as giving visitors the opportunity to experience trees with different and unusual forms and habits. The core of the park – the Activity Zone – provides a range of exciting bespoke-designed play and natural play facilities, whilst the perimeter of the park has wildlife in mind incorporating new native woodland edge planting and small water features. A new boardwalk allows public access through a substantial part of this area, enjoying the quiet of the River Clyde location but without interfering with wildlife habitats. During the course of the construction process the increase in wildlife variety has been substantial, from organisms in the soil, to an increase in bird varieties and improved habitats for otters, badgers, deers and foxes. This project is an excellent example of the coexistence of people and wildlife encompassed by the urban environment. Fraser Halliday Landscape Architect HarrisonStevens Limited How will the importance of landscape change in a world battling food security, climate change and
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sustainability? Whilst landscape architecture possesses an intelligent The combination of social design toolkit, we stil have a fair secht to gain a more media, word of mouth and appropriate role in discourse on the built environment an increased global urgency, has seen the field of landscape architecture gain momentum each year. Internationally, What has been your key project of the past 12 months? it is earning a critical reputation for contributing to After graduating in 2015, I have had the opportunity meaningful urban transformation. This is because our within HarrisonStevens to learn directly from Inverness profession is at the forefront of sustainable, resilient and Campus as well as from our annual European study tour. In adaptable urban thinking with an opportunity to mediate particular, this experience has informed and developed my between current research and its robust implementation work towards restructuring public space at University of Unfortunately in Scotland, whilst Landscape Edinburgh’s King’s Buildings Campus. Architecture possesses an intelligent design toolkit, we Fundamentally, the design reshapes the previously continually have a sair fecht to gain a more appropriate ad hoc structure of the campus into a rational, high role on the discourse over the built environment. We need quality environment that responds to topography, aspect, to coordinate our aspiration into a cohesive contextual viewpoints and flexible external programme. In doing strategy, get the right people around the table and so, the campus will become a lively external destination overcome constraining procurement barriers. populated with new squares, courtyards and public parkland for the local community. How can landscape architects increase their infl uence? Strategically, the campus location situated directly Firstly, a combination of professionalism, proven between city and green belt is an important urban deliverability and competent technical knowledge will threshold. Therefore, underpinning the scheme are engender respect amongst colleagues in the construction multilayered networks that manage rain water and industry. Secondly, this must be compounded with vocal establish habitats whilst simultaneously providing a range and inspirational Landscape Architects driving intelligent of cycle and walking routes. proposals. Martin Tabor, One of our major challenges is translating aspirational Director of Landscape Architecture landscape concepts and myriad availability of research LUC into legible objectives for deliverable schemes that both public and client understand its worth. In my mind, What has been your key project of the past 12 months? even in an increasingly dynamic and complex cityscape, My key project over the last 12 months has been the I still believe the theoretical foundation of influential University of Glasgow Infrastructure Design in relation design was carved by two landmark Scottish Landscape to the new £multi-million masterplan for the Gilmorehill Architects: Patrick Geddes and Ian McHarg. It was Campus and former Western Infirmary site. LUC is Geddes’s ‘conservative surgery’ that identified deliverable supporting Arup in Infrastructure Design for what must and essential tactical changes and interventions, while be one the most significant and exciting development McHarg’s strategic planning encourages designers to projects in Scotland at the present time. LUC’s role is think across boundaries and connect solutions to wider primarily in the design and delivery of public realm for environmental systems and networks. both the ‘new’ campus on the former Western Infirmary In practice, combining critical facets of their thinking site and the old campus on Gilmorehill and Hillhead. into a well-balanced approach offers buildable solutions This involves the design of extensive public realm, to typically restricted plot-by-plot development and green infrastructure and landscapes to create new civic, challenging budgets. In doing so, we create both value academic and community spaces and linkages with and urgency. Without it each project would simply the surrounding areas. The project also provides the become piece meal, or as Raoul Bunschoten described: opportunity to enhance the landscape setting of the urban flotsam. Gilbert Scott complex on Gilmorehill. This constitutes a challenging, multi-dimensional urban design project which >
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will transform a significant area of Glasgow’s West End whilst providing enormous benefits for the University and the local community. The scope and aspirations for the project make it a wonderful opportunity. Proximity to our office also makes the project extra special as we will experience the changes first hand over years to come. How can landscape architects increase their infl uence? There is a growing body of empirical evidence on how well-planned and designed landscapes can positively change the character of an area and its functionality across several criteria. This evidence, combined with the high value placed by communities on their living environments, should be harnessed and broadcast by landscape architects to demonstrate the benefits of schemes which consider landscape as an integral and meaningful part of developments. I believe landscape architects can play an important role in providing added value to development projects, and in making existing landscape resources perform better for all. Wider recognition of these benefits will lead to increased influence for landscape architects on policy makers and clients. How will the importance of landscape change in a world battling food security, climate change and sustainability? I believe the importance of landscape and environmental qualities generally have already been recognised for the benefits they can bring to inter alia: climate change mitigation, physical and mental health, social cohesion, property values, and biodiversity. Increasing pressures on landscapes will only bring these values into sharper focus, and the future will have to look creatively at how land can serve multiple purposes and absorb pressures from population expansion and associated intensified development. The design of urban landscapes will be particularly important aspect of future sustainability, and will likely bring the greatest challenges. These require an holistic approach which ensures the creation of attractive and versatile living/ working environments which can also operate for urban cooling, drainage attenuation, access and recreation, and local food production. I therefore expect that green infrastructure will become increasingly important and that the positive use of all brownfield sites will be essential to meet future demands for developments and open space, and in so doing, protect existing environmental assets. URBAN REALM SUMMER 2016 URBANREALM.COM
Sarah Barron, Landscape Architect SMITH SCOTT MULLAN ASSOCIATES How will the importance of landscape change in a world battling food security, climate change and stability? Most of these issues are the function of increasing population and how this is accommodated within a changing environment. Wild land and the access to it will become more prized as it becomes rarer and conservation measures will be required. More concentrated and innovative ways of growing and providing food will develop, from urban farms to intensive aqua-culture. Much of the world’s land source is only providing a fraction of its potential and landscape architects are perhaps better placed than many other professionals to develop strategies to cope with climate change, and the many issues it will throw up especially, the increase of flooding, food production, wildlife and biodiversity protection. Landscape design and management can be a contributor in maximising benefit both for mankind and for other species. How do we create more diverse habitats in urban areas? The techniques of habitat diversification are well established, from pocket parks to green walls. International examples abound, from the Vauban district of Freiburg to the re-use of redundant urban infrastructure, such as the High Line in New York. One major issue is in getting clients to understand the importance and value of landscape and to accept the ongoing running costs. We need to persuade local authorities to actively commission greening programmes. The public must also see the advantages of diverse habitats and it is important that Landscape Architects promote the advantages in a positive way. Landscape needs to be seen as the backbone of urban structure that will guide the growth of a community. Green Infrastructure can help to create bio-diversity and new wildlife habitats as well as making our towns and cities more resilient to climate change. It is important to link our green spaces together to form chains and corridors to increase an area’s wildlife potential, thereby creating more exciting ecosystems. There will be instances where we can retrofit green infrastructure to existing housing developments and commercial areas of our towns, creating new green roofs, living walls and edible food growing projects as well as recreation. Landscape
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Architects can work with SuDs engineers to adapt sterile, uninspired hard surface areas to create useable space where planting, wildlife and biodiversity can be introduced and habitat creation made possible through rain gardens, green streets and bio-retention verges. We need to use plants in a more effective way to face the challenge of climate change, it should be exciting, cost effective and multi-functional, taking inspiration from the landscapes created at London Olympic Park or the Barbican. We need to revisit the way we design and manage our urban landscapes to make them more resilient and sustainable for wildlife and deliver maximum benefits to society. How can landscape architects increase their infl uence: Landscape Architecture is a wide-reaching industry which is constantly evolving, encompassing many issues from ecology to placemaking. The landscape architect’s influence is directly proportional to the priority which the general public put on landscape. Hence the demands they make on their elected representatives in order to protect or enhance it. Consistently promoting the importance of the landscape at every level of society is vital, as is the role of landscape architects in criticising proposals which have a negative influence on the environment. One of the key emerging areas for concern, and hence potential for influence, is the inevitable expansion of our cities, towns and villages into their surrounding landscape in response to Scotland’s current housing crisis. Landscape architects could perhaps be more effective if they develop better project management skills and integrate themselves into multidisciplinary teams. Collaboration with other professionals, with clients, developers and with local authorities will be the key to increasing their influence.This points to a growth in advisory roles and advocacy, working within multidisciplinary teams at a more strategic level, playing a greater part in masterplanning. Similarly there is also a recognition of the growing need to engage with the public, who often only understand landscape architecture as ‘Beautification’. Landscape architects could increase their profile by investing more time with local communities, the stakeholders and end-users, creating more functional and sustainable local community landscapes, which aim of improve our health and well being. There is a need to articulate the benefits landscape architecture brings to the public in clear succinct layman’s language.
Gary Stodart, Director TGP Landscape Architects How can landscape architects increase their infl uence? Landscape Architects are now a lead voice on landscape at a national level and help guide government thinking and policy and are now at the forefront of key issues including use of our natural resources and the development of sustainable communities. We also are bringing a balanced environmental, social and economic approach to tackling climate change. This is being reinforced through the Landscape Institute’s Policy and Technical Committees and branches which regularly prepare submissions to Government departments and agencies in response to national public consultations on wide range of landscape issues. How do we create more diverse habitats in urban areas? Understanding the requirements of end users and other stake holders coupled with detailed analysis of specific site constraints can increase a collective understanding of capacity and capability of sites to accommodate habitats. Landscape Architects can contribute to the process by collaborating with other consultants such as ecologist, planners and engineers to achieve a sustainable design solutions with increased biodiversity potential. Landscape Architect’s role as part of Green Infrastructure planning represents a holistic approach to the natural and built environment within urban areas and contribute in providing benefits for the economy, biodiversity and wider communities as well as playing an important part in climate change adaptation. What is the most satisfying aspect of your job? Influencing design and planning strategies as part of a direct commission or within larger consultancy teams gives me great satisfaction. Our involvement in project work often from feasibility to project completion allows us to influence design at an early stage and be an integral part of the project evolution and development. At TGP we always strive to deliver high quality landscape projects that exceed our clients’ aspirations. TGP are advocates of an integrated landscape-led design approach which has the power to transform a place and people’s attitudes toward their homes and communities.
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The Hansel Foundation The Hansel Foundation, based at the Broadmeadows Estate in South Ayrshire, offers innovative support and care to adults with a range of disabilities. Erz were appointed to develop ideas for the underused walled garden at the heart of the landscape estate, to bring this lost space back to life. The sloping walled garden was terraced to create a flexible grass area and orchard alongside more intimate spaces defined by the topography. The upper edge of the garden is defined by a south facing seating wall and a series of shelters. The walled garden incorporates raised beds, in-ground growing areas and a bespoke ‘potting shed’ building (also designed by erz). The finely detailed brick enclosing walls (part of the arts and crafts built heritage of the estate) were stabilised and repaired and a new feature gate introduced forming a connection to the wider landscape. The range of uses of the redesigned walled garden currently includes: quiet sitting, wandering, events, fitness classes and horticultural therapy. The walled garden has become a new hub of activity for Hansel’s clients, reflecting their varying needs and interests. Top - Looking towards the potting shed and shelter. Middle - The new gate opening in the existing garden wall. Bottom - Walled garden overview showing growing spaces and accessible routes.
Landscape Urbanism Design Strategy URBAN REALM SUMMER 2016 URBANREALM.COM
erz, 21 James Morrison Street, Glasgow, G1 5PE Tel: 0141 552 0888 Email: info@erzstudio.co.uk Web: www.erzstudio.co.uk Twitter: www.twitter.com/erzstudio
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Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Gillespies delivered the new masterplan and landscape designs for the landmark £842 million Glasgow Hospital which was designed by architects IBI Group and constructed by Brookfield Multiplex in collaboration with NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde Board. The landscape scope included the design of the public spaces as well as roof gardens, terraces and signage. The 14-storey ‘super hospital’ sits amongst Europe’s largest and most advanced medical campuses, setting a new benchmark in healthcare design and delivery. Set within an extensive public realm designed by Gillespies, the building’s strikingly different geometric forms - inspired by Clydeside’s maritime heritage - create an iconic landmark which has transformed the skyline. Steve Wardell, Managing Partner, Gillespies, comments: “The landscape, and in particular the character and rhythm of the seasons is an important element in the creation of a positive healthcare environment. We worked with the NHS Board and the Brookfield team to define a Masterplan with a strong identity in which the hospital
buildings are grounded within a high quality external environment within the campus, and within the expansive and far reaching landscape beyond. We understand the importance that staff, visitors and, in particular, patients place upon seeing and gaining access to the outside world as part of their healing process and in the definition of tangible milestones towards recovery. Access to good landscape and engagement with weather, sunlight and views is an important part of feeling better. The scheme has been designed to deliver intuitive wayfinding and to create important opportunities for access to engaging landscape character areas as a break from the stresses of the clinical environment. Whilst function and efficiency is always paramount for any hospital, we hope and intend that this expansive and functional green campus character of linked parks, roof gardens and courtyards, will create a lasting and appropriate legacy for this exciting new landmark facility”. Recently, the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital picked up the international MIPIM award for Best Healthcare Development – a new category for 2016 that focuses on the fast-growing healthcare property segment.
Gillespies, 21 Carlton Court, Glasgow, G5 9JP Tel: +44 (0)141 420 8200 Email: sue.wilson@gillespies.co.uk Web: www.gillespies.co.uk Twitter: @GillespiesNews
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© KIRK WATSON/LEE HOWELL/HIE
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Inverness Campus, Inverness Opened in May 2015 the HIE Inverness Campus extends over 35Ha on the southern fringe of the city of Inverness. The multi-layered estate has been designed to express the qualities and experiences of the Highland landscape. From rugged grassland meadows, to high quality and enduring stone detailing the estate is given structure by a northsouth axis. The fully accessible site will be a gathering place where people work, learn, live and spend their leisure time. There is a series of perambulation routes for walking, jogging and cycling for both resident users of the campus and connected into the wider city infrastructure network. The 1km internal estate loop frames the campus amenity core incorporating two lochans that manage the site’s full SUDs provision. Set as a hierarchical journey of formality to nature, the southern water body is bound by the main public realm space for civic and collegiate gathering. This water body cascades into a fluctuating, beach edged, lochan that is the nucleus of the site’s vibrant biodiversity and targeted habitat creation. This in turn radiates out through the development plots via wildlife corridors of oak avenues and ecologically rich mixed native hedges. These link with a diverse boundary woodland providing further habitat alongside the environmental mitigation of wind, noise and visual screening.
HarrisonStevens Limited, Elmwood House, 40-44 Thistle Street, Edinburgh EH2 1EN Tel: 0131 226 2672 Email: Hello@HarrisonStevens.co.uk Web: www.HarrisonStevens.co.uk Twitter: @HSLimited URBAN REALM SUMMER 2016 URBANREALM.COM
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Newcastle Science Central Newcastle Science Central occupies the 20ha former Tyne Brewery site in the heart of Newcastle. Following masterplanning and statutory consents for the development of a new science- themed urban quarter, LUC worked as part of multidisciplinary team to deliver the first phase of the project. This included complex site preparation, infrastructure development and delivery of public realm as the framework for future developments. LUC’s Glasgow design team acted as landscape architects, responsible for the first phase of public realm for the project. This has included a network of streets and two new civic spaces: The project also has extensive areas of interim landscape with a public access network to allow positive use of the future development plots until they are needed. The project has established new connections with the surrounding urban areas and has created strategic links for cycling and student movements. Design Approach The brief defined strong aspirations for a distinctive high quality public realm which promotes environmental sustainability and science themes whilst providing a range of
fully accessible and multi-functional spaces. LUC developed a public realm strategy which incorporated both permanent and interim landscapes in which the pedestrian has priority with level surfaces throughout to facilitate all-abilities access. The new civic spaces, ‘Blue Star’’ and ‘Science’ Squares, were designed to become the key foci of social activity, events, science showcasing, and information exchange. Design concepts evoked science themes relating to digital technology and the ‘Big Bang’, creating distinctive spaces. The first developments on the site will frame the new civic spaces, to-date ‘The Core’ building by Faulkner Browns Architects has been completed on Blue Star Square, and major University buildings are set to follow on Science Square, including the Urban Sciences Building and the Conference & Learning Centre. Sustainability is central to the project which has achieved CEEQUAL ‘Excellent’ rating. As examples: stone quarried on site during site preparation works was used as paving material and timber columned lighting make an overt statement. LUC has recently been assisting Faulkner Browns in a review of the Newcastle Science Central masterplan and this has involved consideration of how multi-purpose GI and integrated SUDs could become a significant feature of the developing site.
LUC, 37 Otago Street, Glasgow G12 8JJ Tel: 0141 334 9595 Email: glasgow@landuse.co.uk Web: www.landuse.co.uk Twitter: @LUCtweeting
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Nevis mountain resort masterplan Looking towards Ben Nevis, the area around Nevis Ski Range is a national focus for adventure sports, including skiing, climbing and mountain biking. It hosts large events including the Mountain Bike World Cup which makes it one of the major tourist destinations in the Scottish Highlands. Our Masterplan creates a 20 year vision to direct future development and establish a platform of general support from the local community, business organisations and wider interest groups, in order to contribute to the future overall economy of the Lochaber area. The project examines a number of development options, covering aspects from expanded facilities and environmental improvements at Nevis Ski Range to the provision of Accommodation Pods, a Bunkhouse and Camping Areas. It also promotes the integration of sustainable development into the surrounding forest, in the form of an 80 bed Spa Hotel and associated chalet development. The project is being carried out in close liaison with the local area forestry staff in order to create an improved natural forest environment, which will both respect the working forest and add substantial value to the future developments. This transformational project has the potential to create a destination of major importance to the Highland economy in years to come.
SMITH SCOTT MULLAN ASSOCIATES, 378 Leith Walk Edinburgh EH7 4PF Tel: 0131 555 1414 Email: mail@smith-scott-mullan.co.uk Web: www.smith-scott-mullan.co.uk
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Wyndford Estate Maryhill, Glasgow In May 2015 TGP Landscape Architects (TGP) were appointed to work with the Wheatley Group, their strategic partners Cube Housing Association and their customers in the community. The aim was to develop a strategic masterplan for an integrated green network encompassing the award winning and Wyndford estate and linking to the wider Maryhill area to a support a bid in relation to the Governments’ and Scottish Natural Heritage Green Infrastructure funding. The site was developed in the 1960’s on the former Maryhill Barracks which had been located on Maryhill Road from 1876 to their decommissioning and demolition in 1961. The estate lies within the remaining boundary wall of the Barracks is a mix of high-rise blocks of 26, 14, 9 and 8-storeys, plus walk-up flats and maisonettes. The flats won a Saltire award in 1968 for design. The site also contains the one millionth social housing construction project built in the UK. At the time of undertaking the study and masterplan the submission requirements of the bid process to obtain Green Infrastructure funding through the SNH had not been
detailed. However it is understood that support would be made to projects in urban areas which create or improve the quality of greenspaces, remediate vacant and derelict land to green end use, develop green corridors and improve accessibility to and links between greenspaces. TGP‘s proposals were based on this principal. The output of the project was principally plan led in the format of a finalised Landscape Masterplan, with key detail areas and budget costs and a suggested implementation phasing programme for the development. The plan sought to address current issues of negative image, poor quality greenspace, lack of connectivity, fragmentary character and negative image. A key element in shaping the masterplan has been engagement with the community and with key partners which will ultimately build long-term capacity for decisionmaking and participation at a community level. Almost a year later and TGP have been asked to prepare a phased environmental improvement package for the estate for implementation late 2016 – 2018. The design focuses on high quality materials and green infrastructure including redesign of all the courtyards, redistribution of car parking and provision of sustainable urban drainage solutions.
TGP Landscape Architects Ltd, 7 The Square, 95 Morrison St, Glasgow G5 8BE Tel: 0141 429 2999 Email: gary@tgp.uk.com Web: www.tgp.uk.com Twitter: @TGP_Landscape