Gynecomastia surgery
Table of contents • Definition of Gynecomastia • Signs and symptoms • Causes • Diagnosis • Treatment by surgery • Prognosis • Epidemiology • Gynecomastia Surgery in Bangalore India
Definition of gynecomastia • It is a common endocrine disorder in which
there is a benign enlargement of breast tissue in males. • The
development of Gynecomastia is usually associated with benign pubertal changes, but in rare cases may be seen in association with certain disease states.
Signs and symptoms o Male breast enlargement with rubbery
or firm glandular subcutaneous chest tissue palpated under the areola of the nipple in contrast to softer fatty tissue. o Milky discharge from the nipple is not a
typical finding but may be seen in a gynecomastic individual with a prolactin secreting tumor.
Signs and symptoms o The enlargement may occur on one side or
both. o Males with gynecomastia may appear anxious
or stressed due to concerns about possibility of having breast cancer.
the
o An increase in the diameter of the areola and
asymmetry of the chest tissue.
causes An altered ratio of estrogens to androgens mediated by an increase in estrogen production.
An altered ratio of estrogens to androgens mediated by a decrease in androgen production.
An altered ratio of estrogens to androgens mediated by a combination of these two factors.
causes ďƒ˜ Estrogen acts as a growth hormone to increase
the size of male breast tissue. ďƒ˜ The cause of gynecomastia is unknown in
around 25% of cases.
diagnosis  A thorough history and physical examination
are obtained by a physician.  Examination includes evaluation of male
breast tissue, evaluation of penile size and development, evaluation of testicular development and proper development of secondary sexual characteristics such as the amount and distribution of public and underarm hair.
diagnosis Mammography is the method of choice for radiologic examination of male breast tissue in the diagnosis of gynecomastia when breast cancer is suspected.
Treatment by surgery ďƒź If chronical gynecomastia is treated
then surgical removal of glandular breast tissue is usually required. ďƒź Surgical approaches to the treatment
of gynecomastia subcutaneous mastectomy, liposuction mastectomy, laser liposuction and laser-lipolysis liposuction.
include assisted assisted without
Treatment by surgery ďƒź Complications of mastectomy may
include hematoma, surgical wound infection, breast asymmetry, changes in sensation of the breast, necrosis of the areola or nipple, seroma, noticeable or painful scars and contour deformities.
prognosis Gynecomastia is not physically harmful, but in
some cases it may be an indicator of other more serious underlying conditions, such as testicular cancer. The glandular tissue typically grows under the
influence of hormonal stimulation and is often tender or painful. Losing weight will not reduce the glandular
component .
epidemiology New cases of gynecomastia are common in 3 different age populations: newborns, adolescents and men older than 50 years of age. Newborn gynecomastia occurs in about 60-90% of male babies and most cases resolve on their own.
epidemiology During adolescence, up to 70% of males are estimated to exhibit signs of gynecomastia during their adolescence. Senile gynecomastia is estimated to be present in 24-65% of men between the ages of fifty and eighty.
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