• CADET WING GETS NEW PRIVILEGE PACKAGE
• CHANGES IN SUMMER TRAINING PROGRAMS
• 1970 HARMON MEMORIAL LECTURE"THE MILITARY IN THE SERVICE OF THE STATE” Printed with the assistance of the History Club and the Department of History
• DATE FOR 1971 HOMECOMING CHANGED
• LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
• 1971 ELECTION RESULTS
• FALCON SPORTS
PRESIDENT-ELECT
C4C Edward P. Schoeck, Class President, is shown on The Cover photograph immediately before Cadet Wing Commander Virgil Staponski pinned the prop and wings on him as the symbol of recognition of the class of ’74.
Editor
Frederick L. Metcalf, ’63
Administrative Assistant
Mrs. Freida Weber
Charles F. Stebbins ’61
President
Richard G. Head ’60
Vice President
Frederick L. Metcalf ’63
Executive Secretary
Directors
Kenneth J. Alnwick '60
Robert L. Browning ’59
Anthony J. Burshnick ’60
George L. Butler ’61
Neil P. Delisanti ’60
Thomas J. Eller ’61
David M. Goodrich ’59
Terence J. Gruters ’68
Alva B. Holaday ’65
Carl A. Janssen ’68
Richard L. Klass ’62
William T. Manning ’70
Terrence L. Petrzelka ’70
David H. Roe ’62
R. Nels Running ’64
Richard N. Starkey ’68 Byron W. Theurer ’61
Mack Thies ’64 Sam W. Westbrook, III ’63
E. Wilhelm ’61
Comments and suggestions from members are encouraged. Address correspondence to: ASSOCIATION OF GRADUATES USAF Academy, Colorado 80840 +
Opinions expressed in this magazine are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the opinions, policy or attitude of the Association of Graduates, its officers or the editorial staff.
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The appearance of advertisements in this publication does not constitute an endorsement by the Association of Graduates of the products or services advertised.
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Gene Kraemer, Advertising Manager Association of Graduates Magazine Chanin Building, Room 3702A 122 East 42nd Street New York, New York 10017 Telephone (212) 867-6177
The March 1971 Newsletter contained an announcement that the life membership fee in the Association of Graduates would be raised sometime in 1972. The effective date of the increase remains under consideration by the full Board of Directors. A final decision can be expected in May or June with an announcement of the new fee to appear in the summer issue of the magazine. Members who have and will become life members under the current program will not be affected by the change. The very large response to the program (nearly 1900 life members as of the end of April) prompted a complete examination of the fiscal outlook for the Association relative to new revenue producing activities and to the increasing costs associated with providing better services to the membership.
Membership dues are not sufficient to cover expenses. Solicitation of advertising for publications has been successful in keeping the year-end financial statement in the black. The Association's ability to generate revenue from other activities will determine how fast more and better services can be provided to members. The mail order gift program will be started this summer with the hope that it will become a major revenue producing program. While it will be aimed principally at alumni, it will also bring in funds from sales to nongraduates.
The Executive Committee has voted to allow subscriptions to be sold for the magazine and the Register of Graduates. West Point adopted the policy years ago with success. Subscribers will be limited to the following groups:
Cadets
Parents of Graduates
Families of Deceased Graduates
Former Academy Personnel
Liaison Officers
Friends of the Academy
Ex-Cadets
Subscribers will be asked to not use the Register of Graduates for business solicitation purposes. Failure to abide by the request will result in cancellation of the subscription.
Nearly 800 graduates responded to the survey concerning the proposed Association of Graduates Group Life Insurance Program. Of that number 345 stated they would purchase the term policy if it were established. About 1000 policy-holders would be needed in the first year to provide a reasonable chance of success for the program. Therefore, the Executive Committee voted to postpone the establishment of the program until after the end of the Vietnam War and, most important, until the time when there is no need for the three year exclusion provision in the master
contract. Many excellent comments and suggestions were received in the response to the survey. They will be carefully studied and where possible incorporated into a new proposal when it is made.
The decision to postpone the establishment of the life insurance program will impact upon the Memorial Education Fund program. The insurance program was intended to be the primary source of revenue for the Education Fund. Other alternatives will be looked at and reported to the membership in a later issue.
The Executive Committee has also considered since the publication of the winter issue of the magazine several other areas of operation within the Association of Graduates. Under the philanthropies program, the committee voted to donate $300 towards the support of the 1971 Academy Assembly. The Philanthropies Subcommittee asked for and received authority to spend up to $75 on individual requests from cadet squadrons for assistance in'their projects. The cadet squadrons must match the amount donated by the Association. The subcommittee must remain within the $1000 budgeted by the Executive Committee for philanthropic efforts in 1971.
Election procedures were discussed by the Executive Committee, but were left open for further consideration at a later meeting. Specifically, the committee looked at nominating procedures - letters of petition and candidacy for more than one office on the same ballot.
Lt. General Thomas S. Moorman (Retired), former Superintendent of the Academy, and now Assistant Executive Vice President of the Air Force Academy Foundation, briefed the Executive Committee at one of its meetings on the Aerospace Education Center (see story in The Quarterly Vol. VII, No. 1, 28 January 1970).
OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSOCIATION OF GRADUATES
I want to congratulate you for an excellent first effort in publishing a magazine The Winter Issue holds great promise for a maturing publication in support of the Association's objectives.
One innovation in the magazine seems to me to diverge from the support of our objectives, and that is the addition of a wives' column. As an association, we have been very restrictive on membership, i.e., only graduates are eligible. I feel our magazine should be equally restrictive. If a wife has an opinion on an issue of significant importance to the Association of Graduates' membership, let her express it in a Letter to the Editor. Such a letter could then spark sufficient response to inspire an editorial--either yours or a guest's (even a wife).
The appearance of a regular column under the byline of one particular wife could, in future years, tend to lead to an aura of "domination" such as that which plagues several of the "rank conscious" Officers' Wives Clubs throughout the Air Force.
Perhaps my letter would spark a bit of controversy. If so, please feel free to use it in your upcoming "Letters to the Editor" column.
Capt Nels Running, '64 USAF Academy
(Editor's Note: To assist readers in commenting upon Captain Running's letter to the editor, I briefly want to mention reasons why I instituted "The Wife's Point of View" column - see also the editorial in the winter issue. Experimenting with new ideas for articles and columns is to me
necessary to determine how a new publication, such as the magazine, can be responsive to needs and interest. Comments from wives of graduates are of particular interest relative to the POW/MIA issue and to the Association’s concern in that area for the welfare of the families involved. Authorship of the column will be rotated among various wives to search for new dis-
cussion topics.
The fourth objective under Article I of the Bylaws of the Association of Graduates of the United States Air Force Academy states that the objectives of the Association shall include:
The continued professional development of the armed forces officer corps, to include the promotion of a professional dialogue among its members, as well as among all U.S. armed forces, in support of the military profession.
For this reason, I feel it is necessary and imperative that the Association of Graduates consider the recent "Calley Case", since its proceedings impinge directly on the military profession.
I do not feel that the Association should consider the verdict nor the sentence. It is entirely logical that if an act is considered illegal and if a person is found to have committed such an act, the verdict of guiltv is the only verdict. As for the sentence, we all know that it was specified.
What I do feel is much more important is a clarification of the so called "laws of war". It is important to recognize that, in Viet Nam, the traditional rules of war seem obsolete because the nature of the conflict is something thev were not designed to cover. Furthermore, the damaging blow dealt to armed forces morale by the Calley Case is
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The Graduate Review Prop and Wings High Flight Pass In Review Silver and Blue Review, Checkpoints - how do they sound to you as a title for the magazine? Let me know.
Not many ideas have been received from the general membership concerning a title. Those that were received, in addition to a few a couple of us conjured up during a brainstorming session in the Association office, were sent around to the graduates stationed at the Academy to place them in some order of popularity. Forty nine suggested titles were voted on. The above titles are listed in the order of popularity according to the poll. The last three in ‘the list received an equal number of votes. The Graduate Review received the most votes. Let me know which title you would like to see on the magazine. If you don't like any of them, let me know that too. Based upon the response of the general membership the Executive Committee will select the title.
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Last week certificates of appreciation were presented to outgoing members of the Board of Directors. Certificates are being sent to Directors not stationed at the Academy. They have put in many manhours for the
Association and are responsible in great part for the progress that has been made. I'm sure the membership will join me in saying thank you. Some of them are returning to the Board in different offices, which will greatly benefit the Association. The outgoing officers are (see story on new officers on page 26):
President Maj David H Roe, '62
Directors
Maj Richard G Head, '60
Maj Dale W Thompson, Jr., '60
Cpt Hector A Negroni, '61
Maj Charles F Stebbins, '61
Cpt John Fer, '62
Cpt Roy W Stafford, Jr., '62
Cpt Bryant P Culberson, '63
Mr. Ronald J Kos, '63
Mr. Darryl M Bloodworth, '64
Cpt James M Murphy, '66
CPT FREDERICK L METCALF, '63 Editor and Executive Secretary Association of Graduates
In front of the gate, the guard stands with his rifle.
Above, untidy clouds are carrying away the moon.
The bedbugs are swarming around like army tanks on maneuvers, While mosquitoes form squadrons, attacking like fighter planes. My heart travels a thousand li toward my native land. My dream intertwines with sadness like a skein of a thousand threads. Innocent, I have now endured a whole year in prison. Using my tears for ink, I turn my thoughts into verses.
Ho Chi Minh Prisoner in China 1942-1943
Ho Chi Minh had only been a political prisoner for one year when he wrote this poem. Some American prisoners are now entering their eighth year of captivity with no release in sight. The American people and graduates around the country are increasing their demands that this cruel and unusual punishment be alleviated.
The graduates and wives at the Academy put forth a tremendous effort for the National Week of Concern (21-27 March) by manning two tables in the Commissary and Base Exchange. The late passage of the congressional resolution and the Academy's spring break combined to make it difficult, but all of our goals were surpassed. The tables were manned by over seventy-five grads and wives. Many people worked double and even
triple shifts. The result was that we collected over 12,000 signatures on petitions requesting humane treatment of our prisoners.
MRS KELLY VAUGHAN (LEFT) AND MRS DOROTHY WHEELER (RIGHT) AT THE PETITION DESK IN THE ACADEMY COMMISSARY
These petitions have now been sent to four political groups: the North Vietnamese, the Russians, the Viet Cong and the Pathet Lao. In addition, over 2000 bumper stickers were distributed and donations collected in the amount of $467.
The money will be used to buy medical kits which are now being put together for mailing to the families, who will in turn mail them to the men. (This is to avoid preempting any of the families' packages.) The donations
will provide funds for buying bamboo and other materials necessary to build a POW "cage." The Academy has given its wholehearted approval to this project, and the cage will be completed in time to be placed in the Visitor's Center this summer. The money will also be used to buy more bumper stickers and to pay for film, slides and posters. The success of this project leads us to suggest it as a possible activity in your area. It was all made possible by the energetic efforts of many, many graduates and their families, and we would like to publicly thank them at this time.
While the petitions were being signed, the wives of the POW subcommittee were doubly busy. We are very concerned with the welfare of the families of our POW and MIA men, and Elaine thought there was no better way to find out their needs than to ask them. Therefore, we sent out invitations and the girls hosted a luncheon for most of the POW wives and mothers in Colorado. One of the results of the occasion is printed in "A Wife's Point of View" in this issue.
The Academy support for the POW cause did not die, but increased for the week of Easter. Fred had over 3000 prayer cards printed with the names of all the graduate POW/MIAs and of all former Academy personnel who are POW/MIA. Through the good offices of Chaplain Bob Browning these were placed in the chapel bulletin for Good Friday and Easter services, and some were made available for use in Colorado Springs churches. On Good Friday the waiting wives in the Cclorado Springs area gathered with the cadet CAFPOW group and the River Rats in an Arnold Hall service to observe the "Minute of Silence." On Easter the POW issue was made a specific and very forceful part of the protestant worship service, which found the chapel filled with civilian visitors. All present seemed to be deeply impressed by the message and prayer for the POWs given by Chaplain Wolk. During Easter Week a litany for the prisoners was prepared, and it is now available for any individual or church wishing to use it.
Plans for future activities include an Association/CAFPOW "Rent-a-Cadet Day" in May. Volunteering cadets will be "rented" by families in the area to do yard work, wash
cars, baby-sit, etc., in exchange for contributions. We can lend CAFPOW some administrative and publicitv assistance, and it should be both fun and profitable for the POW fund. The Association is also planning a picnic for all POW/MIA wives and children (not just grads' families). CAFPOW participation is being invited, and we plan to also invite all graduates and their families in the area. Nels Running, Kent Lammers and Art Kerr are heading up the arrangements committee.
Activities around the Air Force are picking up, being accelerated by graduates in several locations. Jimmie Butler wrote from WrightPatterson and sent us 10 slides which can be used for a public presentation. We are duplicating them along with an accompanying narrative and will have them available for any group interested. He also sent the name of a 4-minute film called, "I am a Prisoner," which the National League in Washington can have reproduced for $25. We are ordering one copy now and will have it for distribution also. Jack Ferguson ('65) called from Wright-Patt and requested the recipe for "Pumpkin Soup" and pig fat which a local elementary school class made and ate for one solid week. The class publicized the prisoners' diet while the students wrote to the North Vietnamese. Jack plans to use the pumpkin soup and pig fat dinner to publicize the issue in several Ohio communities.
Dennis Kalmus ('69) wrote from Hurlburt where he has been elected the head of the Junior Officers Council. He wanted information on expanding their activity and requested several of Butler's brochures. Harold Watson ('64) wrote from Andrews requesting approximately the same information and will be heading up activities there. One of the ideas we passed on was the possible donation of funds in lieu of a promotion party. Several grads and non-grads have donated to our POW fund, and it might be a good idea in your area.
We also suggested a recent article, "Inside the Prisons of Hanoi," in April Reader's Pigest. Reprints of the article are available from the publisher and would be a good way to increase publicity and public awareness at the same time. Two other ideas may be of help to groups that are trying to organize. First, try contacting the Red Cross agency in your area, since the POWs are a national
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issue with this fine organization. They have many things to offer. Second, see about the possibility of having your local post office purchase a special POW cancellation die-hub. The suggested wording is "POW-MIA's Beginning 8th Year in Captivity," and can be purchased by any post office if a group will pay the cost (about $80). Fred is ordering one for the Association office to use on our postage machine.
If there are any POW/MIA wives who are also school teachers we would like to have their names. One of our grads has a relative in the National Education Association, and he suggested a human interest story to publicize the issue in either their magazine or the American Schoolboards Journal Anyone with information can write Wayne Jefferson who is handling this possibility.
There are two areas of vital concern to the families about which we have some more information. First, as you know, the North Vietnamese in Paris have consistently denied knowledge or responsibility for any POWs held outside North Vietnam. The April issue of Air Force Magazine explodes this myth of innocence by identifying a North Vietnamese government agency specifically charged with controlling insurgent military and political activity in South Vietnam. The agency is the Central Office for South Vietnam (COSVN), and its head is one of North Vietnam’s six Vice Premiers and a member of both the Politburo and Secretariat of the Communist Party.
The second area of concern is the continued attempt by the North Vietnamese to have their list of prisoners accepted as complete. Through intelligence sources the United States has information that many more than the 339 "listed" men are prisoners in Southeast Asia. Yet the North Vietnamese deny this and have recently taken steps to reinforce their case. Instead of accepting mail addressed to all missing and captured men--as had previously been their policy--they have started accepting mail only for men on their "list". The rest of the letters and packages are being returned in an obvious attempt to get us to accept their list as official. This political tactic is deplorable, and their evasion of responsibility should not be allowed to succeed. The following true story (researched by Wayne Jefferson) is
illustrative of our cause for concern.
Lt Col George E Day was shot down on 26 August 1967. When the first three American prisoners of war were released in February 1968, they brought out a letter from him. Other prisoners released later reported having seen him. In April of last year, the North Vietnamese published one of their first "final" lists of 335 POWs. Lt Col Day's name was not on that list I His wife of Glendale, Arizona, nevertheless sent a letter to him with a Quaker who went to Hanoi last summer. The Quaker returned and wrote Mrs. Day that the North Vietnamese had no knowledge of her husband and therefore would not accept her letter. Mrs Day, who had been relatively quiet up to that time, got very angry and began to make a public outcry. She publicized the situation in every way she could, accepting interviews with the press, giving talks, organizing publicity drives, and in general making as much noise as she could. After several months of this, on November 13, 1970, she received another letter from her husband; then two weeks later, another. When the North Vietnamese published their next "final" list last Christmas, it contained 339 names. Lt Col Day's name was one of the four new names appearing on the list. Since then, Mrs Day has continued to receive letters from her husband, and he is indicating that he is receiving letters from her now.
Several things can be learned from this episode. One, North Vietnamese prisoner of war lists, no matter how firmly the North Vietnamese insist that they are "final" cannot be accepted as complete lists. Mrs Day was fortunate in that she had had a letter several years ago with which she could force the issue. Other next of kin possess no such weapon, but their husbands or sons should not be given up merely because they are not on the list. Secondly, public action here in the United States can directly affect the welfare of both the prisoners of war overseas and their families here at home. If Mrs Day had merely sat back and accepted the North Vietnamese story, she probably never would have heard from her husband.
In summary, we would again like to thank all those who have so kindly donated their time, money and ideas to the POW issue. Now we cannot let the natural tendency toward relaxation grip us. We have done a few things and done them well, but our job is not over. Hanoi
would like us to forget all about the men not on their ’’list" and have us quit bringing up the issue. We cannot and will not
let the issue die, because we are confident in the morality of our requests and in the possibility of achieving some real progress.
A past edition of The Assembly the quarterly magazine of West Point’s Association of Graduates, contained an obituary for Major John Alexander Hottell, West Point Class of 1964. Major Hottell has been awarded two Silver Stars as commander of Company B, First Battalion, Eighth Cavalry, First Cavalry Division (Airmobile). He was killed in the crash of a helicopter in Vietnam last July at the age of 27. One year before his death he wrote his own obituary, the one which appeared in The Assembly Major Hottell had something to say about the meaning of life and service to others. He said:
I am writing my own obituary for several reasons, and I hope none of them are too trite. First, I would like to spare my friends, who may happen to read this, the usual cliches about being a good soldier. They were all kind enough to me, and I not enough to them. Second, I would not want to be a party to perpetuation of an image that is harmful and inaccurate: 'glory' is the most meaningless of concepts, and I feel that in some cases, it is doubly damaging. And thirdly, I am quite simply the last authority on my own death.
I loved the Army; it reared me, it nurtured me, and it gave me the most satisfying years of my life. Thanks to it I have lived an entire lifetime in 26 years. It is only fitting that I should die in its service. We all have but one death to spend, and insofar as it can have any meaning it finds it in the service of comrades in arms.
And yet, I deny that I died FOR anything - not my country, not my Army, not my fellow man, none of these things. I LIVED for these things, and the manner in which I chose to do it involved the very real chance that I would die in the execution of my duties. I knew this, and accepted it, but my love for West Point and the Army was great enough - and the promise that I would some day be able to serve all the ideals that meant anything to me through it was great enough - for me to accept this possibility as a part of a price which must be paid for all things of great value. If there is nothing worth dying for - in this sense - there is nothing worth living for.
The Army let me live in Japan, Germany and England with experiences in all of these places that others only dream about. I have skiied in the Alps, killed a scorpion in my tent camping in Turkey, climbed Mount Fuji, visited the ruins of Athens, Ephesus and Rome, seen the town of Gordium where another Alexander challenged his destiny, gone to the opera in Munich, plays in the West End of London, seen the Oxford-Cambridge rugby match, gone for pub crawls through the Cotswolds, seen the night-life in Hamburg, danced to the Rolling Stones, and earned a master's degree in a foreign university.
I have known what it is like to be married to a fine and wonderful woman and to love her beyond bearing with the sure knowledge that she loves me; I have commanded a company and been a father, priest, income-tax adviser, confessor, and judge for 200 men at one time; I have played college football and rugby, won the British national diving championship two years in a row, boxed for Oxford against Cambridge only to be knocked out in the first round, and played handball to distraction - and all of these sports I loved, I learned at West Point. They gave me hours of intense happiness.
I have been an exchange student at the German Military Academy, and gone to the German Jumpmaster school. I have made thirty parachute jumps from everything from a balloon in England to a jet at Fort Bragg. I have written an article that was published in Army magazine, and I have studied philosophy.
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I have experienced all these things because I was in the Army and because I was an Army brat. The Army is my life, it is such a part of what I was that what happened is the logical outcome of the life I loved. I never knew what it is to fail, I never knew what it is to be too old or too tired to do anything. I lived a full life in the Army, and it has exacted the price. It is only just.
For the first time in the history of the Military History Symposium a graduate has been appointed as the Executive Director. He is Major Ron Fogleman, '63. This action by the Department of History is in recognition of the important part played by the Association of Graduates in cosponsoring the symposium since 1967.
The theme of the fifth Military History Symposium at the Air Force Academy, to be held on 5-6 October 1972, is "The Military and Society." At this point the program is quite tentative; however, three conventional working sessions in addition to a combined Banquet Address and Harmon Memorial Lecture are being planned. An additional session consisting of several workshops has been added to the agenda.
The purpose of this advance notice is to allow supporters and prospective participants to mark the date on their long-range planning calendars. Additional information detailing the theme, program, and some of the participants will be published in the near future. For further information, write Ron at this address:
Executive Director
Military History Symposium Department of History USAF Academy, Colo 80840
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR (Cont from page 4)
irreparable; yet, our governmental leaders should institute a thorough revision and clarification of all the documents dealing with the ’’laws of war" so as to minimize and/or prevent future Calley-like cases.
Perhaps one of the most important guidelines that we could employ with Calley-like cases is to deal with them within the chain of command. Under this concept a soldier's behavior will be examined from the point of view of "detrimental, erroneous, improper, or unwarranted behavior". Such type behavior will then be punished with dismissal from the service. I think that to bring the question of Law into war is unwise and presumptuous. Furthermore, to bring the issue of morality into war is fallacious. Thus, I can only call it "false morality".
False morality is nothing more than an excessive preoccupation with the moral aspects. In war, it could be said that our false morality stems from a guilt complex. Must we always be repenting for the damages of war or the enemies' deaths? Let us look at the lives that we have saved...OUR LIVES.
I maintain that false morality has no place in war. War in itself is not a particularly moral act. Is it not far more moral to finish a war as rapidly and expeditiously as possible, rather than become engaged in long protracted conflicts? Viewed in this light, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were moral acts since they shortened the war, mitigated the suffering, and saved countless lives.
I am not proposing that we go out and start wars. God forbid it. I only wish that man had reached the plateau of wisdom in which wars would be unnecessary. What I do propose is that, once a war starts and our country finds itself in it, let us not forget our Stephen Decatur, "...our country may she always be in the right; but our country right or wrong." A moral war is one that brings about victory and in order to attain victory one must stress the military factors over the moral considerations. The idea of false morality stems from a lack of understanding o'f the true nature of war. The end of war is victory, not morality. Conversely, the end of diplomacy is morality, not war.
In the interest of professional dialogue I invite the criticism and/or support of my fellow graduates. In a couple of months I'll be serving my tour in SEA. I can only express the wishful thought that I hope this is to be the last war in the history of humanity. While this dream comes true let us fix firmly in our mind that if war comes we should fight in the most resolute manner because we have the intelligence, dignity and will to fight whenever our country is in danger.
Cpt Hector A Negroni, '61 USAF Academy
There are many American schools overseas that serve civilian dependent children as well as military. These schools are among those most difficult to provide information on the Academy so that students can be made aware of their eligibility to compete for admission. The assistance of graduates is earnestly sought by the Academy's Candidate Advisory Service Office. Graduates may contact the guidance counselor of the school nearest them and offer to discuss the Academy with interested students. For assistance, write RRV, USAF Academy, Colorado 80840.
Many graduates who have left active duty have become associated with the Academy's Liaison Officer Program. Those who accept reserve commissions and wish to earn credit toward a reserve retirement would do well to look into a reserve assignment with the LO Program. Graduates who do not accept a reserve commission can also be of great help in Academy's efforts to counsel potential cadet candidates each year.
by General Sir John Hackett
The Association of Graduates has supported as part of its philanthropic program during the past several years the Military History Symposium. The Symposium has been sponsored by the USAFA Department of History on an annual basis; however, future symposia will be held every other year beginning in 1972 (see story on page 10). While the Association's co-sponsorship of the Symposium has been a beneficial role, ways to make the Symposium of more direct benefit to the membership have been sought. Very few graduates are able to attend the workshops and listen to the guest speakers. The new Association magazine provides an excellent medium through which members can learn more about the content of the Symposium, particularly of the Harmon Memorial Lecture.
The Lecture is always the culmination of events of the Military History Symposium. The Military in the Service of the State was the topic of the 1970 Harmon Lecture given by General Sir John Hackett, Principal of King's College, London. The final editing of his lecture was not completed in time for publication in the winter issue of the magazine.
THE MILITARY IN THE SERVICE OF THE STATE by General Sir John Hackett Harmon Lecture, 22 October 1970
I am honoured by the invitation to address this distinguished gathering tonight, and my wife and I are deeply indebted to our hosts for their hospitality and for the opportunity to visit this beautiful and remarkable place. My topic tonight is one upon which much has already been said. It might reasonably be asked whether anything omitted from the distinguished writings of men like Samuel Huntington, Hanson Baldwin, Spanier, Clark, Legere, Coles, Ralston, Higgins to name only a few, as well of course as those very distinguished men, Theodore Ropp and Forrest C. Pogue, and my own good friend and countryman Michael Howard, who have also enjoyed your hospitality on similar occasions--whether anything omitted by them has sufficient importance to justify a trans-at1antic journey 12
to say it. But times and perspectives change. It is perhaps worthwhile to ask, from a point in time now well advanced in a century which has seen swifter change in human affairs than any since the world began, what the relationship betwen the military and the state looks like today, what changes have taken place in it in our time, and what factors are at work leading to further change. To try to be exhaustive would be to succeed only in exhausting patience. I propose therefore only to outline a basic position and suggest broadly how it has developed up to our own time, to point to some of the factors bearing in a novel way upon the relationship between the military and the state in the second half of our century and to ask what their effect might be, and finally to consider some ethical aspects of the relationship.
Until man is a great deal better than he is, or is ever likely to be, the requirement will persist for a capability which permits the ordered application of force at the instance of a properly constituted authority. The very existence of any society depends in the last resort upon its capacity to defend itself by force.
"Covenants without swords are but words," said Thomas Hobbes three hundred years ago. This is no less true today. Government thus requires an effective military instrument bound to the service of the state in a firm obligation.
The obligation was at one time uniquely personal. Later it developed into an obligation to a person as the recognized head of a human group--a tribe, a clan, a sept, or a nation. The group develops in structure, acquires associations and attributes (including territoriality) in a process occurring in different ways at different places. The polis emerges in ancient Greece. King John is found in Mediaeval England describing himself on his seal, the first of English kings to do so, as Rex Angliae, King of England, and no longer Rex Anglorum, King of the English. The state is born. In Western Europe statehood had
After taking two first degree courses in classics as well as history at Oxford, Sir John Hackett was commissioned in the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars in 1931. Prior to World War II, he served in the Middle East where he also completed requirements for his B. Litt. at Oxford. For a period of time he was responsible for the operations of the famed Long Range Desert Group which operated behind German lines in the western desert. In 1942 he became commander of the 4th Parachute Brigade - still in the Middle East Theatre. He commanded the 4th Brigade in the Market/Garden Operations in Europe in September 1944. He spent an extended period with the Dutch underground in World War II. He returned to the Middle East in 1947 as commander of the Transjordan Frontier Force. He served as Commander of the Royal Military College of Science from 1958 to 1961. From 1963 to 1964 he was Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff and from 1966 to 1968 he was Commander-in-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine. He is author of The Profession of Arms (the Lees Knowles Lectures for 1967).
by the mid-thirteenth century largely replaced the concept of an all-embracing Christendom as the basic political structure. Military service continued however to be rendered as an obligation to a person, to the single ruler, to the monarch, and the personal link has persisted in one form or another right up to today.
I leave the Middle Ages with reluctance, as I always do, in a world in which the book I have long been preparing on a topic in the twelfth century has so often been pushed aside by the preoccupations of the twentieth. As we leave the Middle Ages behind, the military profession emerges, clearly distinguished from other institutions. Continuous service, regular pay, uniforms, segregation in barracks, the revival and improvement of ancient military formations such as the Roman Legion, the development of tactics, the introduction of better materials and techniques and of firearms, more attention to logistics--these and other developments had by the early eighteenth century given to the calling of the man-at-arms a clearly distinguishable profile as the lineal antecedent of the military profession we know today. The eighteenth century regularized this calling; the nineteenth professionalized it. From the late nineteenth century onwards, armed force was
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available to the governments of all advanced states through the medium of military institutions everywhere broadly similar in structure and essentially manned--and wholly managed--by professionals. The soldier and the statesman were by now no longer interchangeable and the subordination of military to civil was, in theory everywhere and in your country and mine in fact as well, complete.
The Napoleonic experience led not only to the complete professionalization of the military calling: by reducing to a system the basic concept of the French revolutionary armies, it opened up the era of the nationin-arms and thus of total war. In the eighteenth century, wars were conducted by a relatively small sample of the nation's manpower applying a relatively small proportion of the nation's wealth. The nineteenth century led to the situation where the totality of a nation's resources in men and materials was applied to conflicts in which all other belligerents were similarly mobilized. In the eighteenth century, war and peace could to some extent coexist. England and France were at war when the writer Sterne received his passport to travel in France from the French ambassador in London himself, with the words, "A man who laughs is never dangerous.Odd vestiges of the coexistence of war and peace persisted even into the nineteenth century: George Washington's investment account was handled by Barings of London throughout the Revolutionary War; and Russia, seventy years later, helped to finance the Crimean War against France, Turkey, and Britain by means of loans raised in London. But by quite early in the twentieth century, war and peace had come to be mutually exclusive concepts and could coexist no longer.
A century and a half after Napoleon we seem to have reverted in some respects to the position evident before him. Total war is now unacceptable, total peace is apparently unobtainable. The world lives in a state between the two: war and peace again now exist.
With the military institution professionalized, regularized, and seen to be subordinate to the civil power, what was its sphere of operation and to what or whom was 14
it ultimately responsible? Clausewitz declared that war was the continuance of policy by other means. Military action in war must always be governed by political requirements.
But some who have accepted that the state is master have not always accepted that the statesmen are the masters, or have done so with extreme reluctance. "I can't tell you how disgusted I am becoming with those wretched politicians," said General George MeClellan in October 1861^--a sentiment which has possibly been echoed more than once since then. On at least one important occasion in recent years, hostility and distrust have erupted into something near open insubordination.
The principles formulated by Clausewitz have not been accepted as binding at all times everywhere. In Germany in World War I, the Army under the control of Hindenburg and Ludendorff became "a state within the state claiming the right to define what was or was not to the national interest."^ The supreme command reserved to itself the right of defining Germany's war aims.
The history of the United States in our time has also afforded instances of tendencies to operate in a sense opposed to the concepts set out by Clausewitz. The case of General MacArthur is important here and I shall return to it later. But in quite another respect the approach of the United States to military/civil relationships up to the middie of our century could be described as anti-Clausewitzian.
Let us look at the spring of the year 1945 as events drove swiftly on to military defeat of Germany. In spite of agreement between the Allies on postwar areas of occupation, "It was well understood by everyone," as Winston Churchill wrote, "that Berlin, Prague and Vienna could be taken by whoever got there first." The Supreme Allied Commander, writes Forrest C. Pogue, "halted his troops short of Berlin and Prague for military reasons only." As General Eisenhower himself said of this time, "Military plans, I believed, should be devised with the single aim of speeding victory.
General Eisenhower recognized that Berlin was the political heart of Germany. General Bradley, however, in opposing the British
plan for an all-out offensive directed on the capital, described Berlin as no more than "a prestige objective," though he frankly conceded later that: "As soldiers we looked naively on the British inclination to complicate the war with political foresight and nonmilitary objectives."6
Here lies the crucial difference between two philosophies. The one holds that war replaces politics and must be conducted by purely military criteria towards purely military ends. When war has been ended by the enemy's military defeat, political action can once more take over from the military.
The other maintains that war continues policy and is conducted only to a political end, that in grand strategy purely military criteria and objectives do not exist, and that military action must at all times be governed by political considerations arising out of clearly defined war aims. Under the first concept the only war aim is to win the war and to do this as quickly as possible. Under the second the prime aim in war is to win the peace. A policy of unconditional surrender is not a war aim at all, but the acknowledgement of the lack of one.
There were of course towards the end of World War II problems of national sensitivity within the alliance which complicated issues. It would be wrong now to oversimplify them. Nevertheless, whereas Churchill asked at the time whether the capture of Berlin by the Russians would not "lead them into a mood which will raise grave and formidable difficulties for the future,"7 the U.S. Chiefs of Staff were of the opinion that such "psychological and political advantages as would result from the possible capture of Berlin ahead of the Russians should not override the imperative military consideration, which in our opinion is the destruction and dismemberment of the German armed forces." There is no evidence whatsoever that General Eisenhower at any time put American national interests above those of the British. There is plenty of evidence that he acknowledged the complete priority in importance of the general political interest over the military. "I am the first to admit," he said, "that a war is waged in pursuance of political aims, and if the Combined Chiefs of Staff should decide that
the Allied effort to take Berlin outweighs purely military considerations in this theater, I would cheerfully readjust mv plans and my thinking so as to carry out such an operation."8 The Combined Chiefs gave him no other instructions on this critically important point than to make his own dispositions. The new President of the United States, Harry S Truman, cabled Churchill on 21 April 1945 that "the tactical deployment of American troops is a military one."^
On 2 May 1945, with the allied troops still halted according to their orders from SHAEF on or about the Elbe, the Russians completed the capture of Berlin. On 12 May, with the Allies halted on orders from the same source to the north and west of Prague, the Russians entered Prague too. I do not think I need dwell now on the consequences of these events or their effect upon the history of our own time. Let me only add a warning against oversimplification. The record stands as quoted. The Yalta agreement, however, is also on the record and it is not easy to see how the Allies could have stayed in Berlin and Prague even if they had got there first.
The decisions which -led to the course of events I have outlined here were in general wholly consistent with United States attitudes up to the mid-twentieth century. The national ethic was not greatly in favour of the application of armed force to a political end. It is true that America had been involved in limited wars (like the Spanish-American and that of 1812-14 with Britain) and in wars against the Indians which could scarcely be justified on grounds either of absolute morality or of national survival. But the nation has in general been reluctant to fight except when there was clear and compelling danger of national overthrow or a violation of the moral code which the nation followed-a violation so grave and flagrant as to de_ mand correction. It has then suspended normal peacetime procedures wherever the military imperative demanded, thrown its whole weight into the crushing of opposing armed force as speedily as possible and, this accomplished, returned with relief to its own way of life.
From this concept there developed a division of responsibility of which a classic exposition is quoted by Morton from an Army War College statement of September 1915. "The work of the statesman and the soldier are
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therefore co-ordinate. Where the first leaves off the other takes hold.”10
The middle years of our century, however, have seen changes which have profoundly affected the relations of military and civil and have set up a new situation. Of developments in military practice, the introduction of weapons of mass destruction is the most obvious. It is not the only one. Improved and new techniques and materials abound and have been applied not only in all aspects of weaponry but over the whole range of tools of war. Developments in metals, ceramics, plastics; new sources of energy; new forms of propulsion; new techniques in the electric and electronic fields; laser beams and infrared; the startling developments in solid state physics which have revolutionized communications and control systems--these are only a few examples chosen pretty well at random from a list any military professional could almost indefinitely extend. What has been happening in space needs no emphasis nor does the dramatic rise in powers of surveillance. The flow of information from all sources has vastly increased and the application of automatic processes to its handling has opened a new dimension.
There are other developments than those in the hardware departments. International alignments have changed. The U.S. has replaced Britain in important traditional roles; Russia has been reborn; China has emerged as a major power. The Third World has grown up out of disintegrating colonial empires--British, French, Belgian, Dutch--and stresses have developed in the international community no less than at home as the rich are seen to get richer much more quickly than the poor do. International relations have grown more complex with the demise of bipolarity. The Russians have moved further from strict Marxism at home and developed a striking potential for armed action at a distance abroad. The failure hitherto of yet another attempt to establish a world community of nations in the United Nations has been accompanied by a growing impatience worldwide with warfare as a means of settling social problems, while there has been no decline at all in the resort to warfare. There has been a
surge of interest everywhere in the study of defence problems, an interest which springs, in my view, from a basic realization that what is at stake is nothing less than human survival. There has been much striving towards international agreement to take account of a new situation, and some of it not unpromising--the Test Ban Treaty, for instance, and SALT. The American relationship with Europe has changed and is changing further. Many other things have happened. These are only some of the more important developments in the field of external relations.
Here in the States you have seen an increase in centralized authority and a closer scrutiny of the decision making process in relation to national security. The risks of the nuclear age and the complexity of international issues have resulted in a day
to day involvement of the executive in external affairs, with all their military implications, far greater than in the past. The reasons for this, as well as for the development of defence analysis into a considerable industry, lie in the imperatives of nuclear weapon power. Armed forces cannot be brought into being more or less at leisure after the crisis breaks, as was formerly possible for America beyond the oceans, and for Britain, protected by her navy, when Britain could afford to be content to lose every battle but the last. For in general and unrestricted war the last battle is now the first, and we know it cannot be won. Thus it is vital not to let the war take place at all, and deterrence becomes the major element in defence. But deterrence demands an apparatus sufficient in size and performance,
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forget the horror and anxiety he is feeling now? Will I? Will we be able to mesh again into one? A part of me is missing now. I know I’m not complete, but will this be like a limb lost in an accident--severed too long to be rejoined? Will it be a pain, a loss that remains forever and can't be rectified?
I write him even when I'm not certain he will receive my mail. I try to break through the barriers of time and space and the unknown, hoping to reach his hand. I write simple things of home. I try to make him laugh with a description of Johnny’s first bike ride and how delighted Scott was with his first baby step. If only my mind was a camera and tape to be someday transferred to his mind. He misses so much! I write about our friends, especially the ones who sustain me and the children while we wait.
MRS HEAD
We have all had many facts and figures thrown at us for months about the POW/MIA issue. I feel it is time to let you know how many of the POW/MIA wives feel. Below is a letter expressing the thoughts of many of them. It is difficult for many of them to verbalize their feelings, their needs. We, as wives of graduates, should try to anticipate them and offer any help we can. Mrs Clark mentioned the many friends and classmates of her husband’s who visited her in San Antonio while General Clark was a POW. Many of these men she had never met, but they came to let her know they cared. Can’t we do as much for our wives who wait?
An Open Letter to My Friends,
Spring is here again and Spring is said to be a new beginning, but how can I begin again with life at a standstill? I've come to hate Spring. It smells too much of love and youth--a part of life that passes me by
For three years now (Dear God, can it really have been that long since he was shot down?) I've lived with uncertainty. Even if he is a prisoner, will he survive the imprisonment? Will he ever be able to
Friends how different you are now. Some who used to be so close have drifted so far away. They send short notes apologizing for not calling when passing through town. They say they were too busy. Too busy! Don't they realize they are my one tie with reality? Can't they understand I need their presence, the physical knowledge of their being? I need a hand to hold, not words. I need them to help me live and to help the children grow up in as normal an environment as possible. I’m not blind. I know, no matter what I do or where I go, I'm standing on the outside looking in. No one can help this, and I don't blame anyone. I don't begrudge you your marriage, your companionship, or your growing family. I delight in your delight. But I too need to laugh, to feel included, to belong. When you include me and the children in your family outing, I understand and appreciate the sacrifices you are making. We appreciate your invitations. Have you noticed the delight in Janie's eyes when your husband gives her a piggy-back ride? And Johnny bragged to his friends for days about the new technique in batting he learned from your husband. We don't want to steal your man; we only want for a little while to feel a part of a family.
We learned quickly not to feel sorry for ourselves. No one survives on pity. We made a
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(Continued from preceding page) list of things we were thankful for, and then in our prayers we ask God to watch over our Daddy, who is willing to sacrifice all for our blessings. We have learned to measure life by its quality, not quantity. And hardest of all, we have learned to pray, "Thy will be done."
I have wanted to write this letter for so_ long, but have been held back by a look in your eyes (a look that says I don't want to become too emotionally involved). I guess I've also held back because it is a baring of my soul. As vulnerable as I am now, I've been afraid to open up even more.
I had to write because I need you as a friend, a friend to accept me as I am now. I'm not the girl who dated John at the Academy. I'm no longer the young, silly bride you knew in pilot training. Like you, I've grown up. But we still have a common bond. We both love men who graduated from the Academy, and we both love men who fly. Please call me when you come through town. I don't really think you will be uncomfortable in our home. We aren't in mourning. We laugh and play. It isn't quiet. With three youngsters around, what is quiet? The TV blares, the dog barks, the phone rings--just as it does in your home. We live as normal a life as possible.
It isn't easy to ask for your help. I've learned to be self-contained. I can even fight back tears when I hear war protesters calling my husband a killer. But deep inside I need you and the ties you represent to our lives. I think contact with you will not only fill a void in our lives now, but help us adjust if John does come home. And there is the most important of all--the boys. They need to be around a man, to do man things and talk to a man. They have a granddad, but they need a father image. I can't imagine what goes on in the heads of little boys, 2 or 4 or 8. Won't you help me help them? I feel sure John would pitch in if the situation was in reverse. Please be my friend.
Sincerely,
An MIA Wife
(Editor's Note: This letter was not written by a single wife, but is the composite of many of the feelings expressed to Elaine as she interviewed our POW/MIA wives.)
• The Association of Graduates has received several inquiries from graduates about Air Force policy on returning to active duty. Hq USAF currently has no program for the recall of former pilots and non-rated officers. However, one is being studied at this time. Graduates can direct their questions about returning to active duty to AFMPC/DPMRDR, Randolph AFB, Texas 78148.
• Replacement Program for Defective Diplomas - In early 1970 it appeared that a firm program existed with the company which had the contract to manufacture diplomas for the new classes to also provide replacement diplomas for alumni at a reduced cost ($20$25). After a determination was made of the number of graduates who wished to purchase replacements, final negotiations were initiated with the company. The final price turned out to be in the $40-$50 range for each diploma - considerably higher than the advertised cost. Another company was asked to provide a bid on replacing the diplomas. It's price was in the $20 range; however the quality of the product was low compared to the original diploma possessed by alumni. A third company will be asked to submit a bid. If the bid is too high or the replacement diploma would be of unacceptable quality, alumni will be asked if they still wish to purchase a new diploma but at a significantly higher cost.
• The Association of Graduates is out of the sabre sales business, at least until its mail order gift program is set up - which should be before the end of 1971. Meanwhile, graduates can contact the following companies to inquire about the availability and cost of sabres.
Vanguard Wolf-Brown Inc.
460 Park Avenue South 636 South Broadway New York NY 10016 Los Angeles Ca 90014
Zuber and Company
318 Harvard Brookline Ma 02146
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The Summer of 1971 will see several major changes in the various military training programs conducted at the Academy. These changes involve all classes and were prompted by a general feeling that the old program did not accomplish specific training objectives. An exhaustive analysis was conducted by the Military Training Department and the new program evolved.
The major criticisms of previous programs were they were, in some cases, fragmented, redundant, and did not accomplish the objective of acquainting cadets with present day Air Force life. Another major consideration was the cost of some of the old programs. The scope of the entire program has been reduced. Hopefully the outcome of these changes will accomplish a very necessary goal, namely, exposing cadets to a realistic and meaningful view of the Air Force. This includes not only actual aircraft operations but also to the behind the line activities.
Graduation occurs this year on 9 June. Immediately thereafter the Cadet Wing will enter Summer, 1971, training. The summer is divided into three periods. This facilitates 'block' scheduling. Generally each cadet will take part in two training periods and receive one period of leave. If some of you see cadets at your respective bases, here are the things they could be doing:
4th Class Summer : You'd best not see a doolie at your base; if so, I believe he'd be misplaced, AWOL, or at least confused.
BY CAPTAIN BOBBIE GRACE, '61 AIR OFFICER COMMANDING, CWDS-18
The major change in BCT (that's Basic Cadet Training to you forgetful old guys) is that it will endure for only six weeks (previously seven). The content of the training is about the same except that some of the Army oriented activity will be reduced. BCT is still basic military training and will probably be just as tough as you knew in ages past. Compared to previous years, however, the actual application of training techniques would seem low key. Experience has proven that the old yelling and screaming isn't really mandatory. Maturity and hard work seem to be the necessary requirements for BCT.
All this starts on 5 July (remember '61) and ends on 18 August. Class of 1975 - forecast to number around 1350.
3rd Class Summer : Here's the greatest change. Previously the brand new 3rd classmen went on the old ZI Field Trip. This trip has been changed from the 3rd to the 1st class summer. A significant dollar savings will be realized since the class size will be reduced through normal attrition. Another great consideration is that the First Classmen should be better prepared to accept and understand the content of the trip.
Now the 3rd classmen will enter several programs at or originating from the Academy. All cadets will participate in SERE (Basic Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape). The program lasts three weeks and is accredited by USAF as Basic Survival. Each cadet must take SERE during one of the three summer periods. During the other two periods, he will participate in one of four options.
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He will take either Soaring (Academy based, 150 cadets, receive private license), Air Cruise, Basic Airborne, or Aerospace Orientation. The Air Cruise program is new. It's sponsored by the Navigation Division and allows cadets to gain exposure in basic air nav and become acquainted with aircrew work at representative bases throughout the ZI. These groups of 48 cadets (one group per summer period) will navigate to SAC, TAC, MAC and other command bases and witness the work of aircrews on a day to day basis.
Aerospace Orientation is given to acquainting cadets with the behind the lines work at ATC bases. These cadets (divided into three groups of 100 each) will become aware of the duties of the officers and NCOs who support flying.
Airborne will be big this summer. Around 700 cadets will experience the delights of the Army course at Fort Benning. This is the largest single group to attend Airborne during any one summer. Many of these cadets continue jumping after the basic course. The enthusiasm for and success of this program is measured by the fact that USAFA has won the National Collegiate for the past three years.
Second Class Summer : After the first two summers which stressed basic and introductory type training programs, a cadet enters his 2nd Class summer. This and the 1st Class program stress training on a more individualized and leadership basis. The vast majority of these cadets participate in SERE and BCT as members of the training cadres.
Along with their leadership training, cadets can choose from a variety of even more personalized options. RECONDO, Basic Airborne, Underwater Survival and Demolition, and 3rd Lt. offer cadets the chance to get away from USAFA and learn more about the various services.
3rd Lt. is a mandatory requirement during the final two summers. 2nd Classmen can opt for either ZI or European assignment. The total bound for USAFE is 120.
1st Class Summer : This calls for more leadership training in BCT and SERE. First Classmen are responsible for organizing, 20
planning, and applying both programs and generally attack them aggressively. Motivation runs high during the 1st class summer and these programs reflect it.
Along with SERE and BCT, cadets choose from a long list of additional options. 3rd Lt., both in the ZI and SEA (100 total) is a must for those cadets who failed to receive this program during the previous summer. Other possible options are RECONDO, UDT, UWS, T-41 training, and serving as instructors in either Soaring or Parachute training.
T-41 enrollment during the summer numbers 136. These cadets are generally athletes or possess special academic requirements. Some cadets simply can't work T-41 into either the Fall or Spring semesters and thus qualify for the summer program.
From the outside, I'm sure that some of you are surprised at the magnitude of all this. The program is big, complicated, and varied. But considering that the Wing will number around 4400 on 5 July you get some appreciation for the task. * * * *
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• The officers of the Classes of 1966 and 1970 are considering donating the remainder of their class funds to the POW/MIA Fund of the Association of Graduates. Members of the classes are encouraged to send in their comments on this idea. Letters can be mailed to the Association office for forwarding to the appropriate class officer.
+ The Captain Park G Bunker Memorial Fund has been established at the USAF Academy with the Association of Graduates as the fund administrator. The use of the fund has not been determined. Donations may be sent to the Association. Personal checks should be made out to the Park G Bunker Memorial Fund.
• The Association has incomplete records on who were the class officers for '59, '60, '62, '64, '65, '66, '68, and '69. Can anyone help bring the Association up to date?
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always up to date, always at a high state of readiness, but never used and never even fully tested. It is therefore quite inevitable that the military agency will be closely and continuously monitored by its civil masters.
From all these and other developments, the civil/military relationship now finds itself in a new frame of reference. I select two important elements in this new environment for further comment.
First of all there is the enormous rise in the cost of warlike material since World War II and the huge increase in the burden on national resource, in money, materials, and skilled manpower, which preparation for war demands. President Eisenhower spoke of the growing significance of a military/industrial complex. General MacArthur among others drew attention to the ruinous cost of preparation for war, as distinct from the cost of its conduct. The demands of the military upon national resource, in times when a world war is not being fought, can be so great that the whole orientation of national policy, not only abroad but at home as well, can be determined by them. The danger of the formal supersession of civil authority by the military can today in our two democracies be dismissed as negligible. National resource, however, whatever its size, is limited. Money spent on space cannot be spent on slum clearance. Money spent on the containment of pollution cannot be used for an anti-ballistic-missile system. Even if the usurpation of civil government by the military is no longer to be feared, the orientation of policies, particularly at home, which might be forced upon the state by demands upon material resources and money and skilled industrial, technical, and other manpower, could place the military in a position of dominance in the state scarcely less decisive in the event than formal usurpation of powers of government. In a pamphlet published in Britain this month, J. K. Galbriath speaks of the growth of a huge bureaucratic organization of defence contractors and politicians acting with service advice. It began to grow, to use Galbraith's arresting phrase, before poverty was put on the national agenda. The
danger that the military, through the demands upon resource of the military/industrial complex, would exercise too powerful an influence over the state was never high in postwar Britain. Professor Galbreath suggested to me last week in England that the British tradition of civil supremacy was probably too powerful to allow it. There are other, simpler reasons. Two World Wars which greatly enriched the United States greatly impoverished the United Kingdom. Britain was made very sharply aware at the end of World War II that drastic reduction in national resource demanded a drastic review of spending priorities. Over the postwar years Britain has asserted and confirmed priorities in which social spending went ahead of expenditure on defence. In the past few years, for the first time ever, less has been spent in Britain on defence, for example, than on education.
In the United States, where resource was so much greater, the realization only came later on that resource, however great, was not unlimited. Hard priorities have had to be drawn and as this disagreeable task was faced, perhaps a little reluctantly, the demands of some other claimants on national resource have had to be heard too.
My own view is that the danger of unbalancing the relationship between military and state through inordinate demand upon national resource was never great in Britain; and now in the U.S., as national priorities come under review, it is on the decline. There is here, however, an aspect of civil/military relations to which we are not yet, I think, wholly accommodated.
Of crucial importance in this relationship between armed forces and the state is atomic weapon power. It is commonplace now that total war is no longer a rational act of policy. George Kennan saw this earlier than most when he wrote in 1954, "People have been accustomed to saying that the day of limited war is over. I would submit that the truth is exactly the opposite: that the day of total wars has passed, and that from now on limited military operations are the only ones that could conceivably serve any coherent purpose.The implications of this situation have not everywhere been fully accepted. The concept of the nation-in-arms is in major powers no longer viable and we have to think
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of national security in other terms. But in what terms?
The introduction of atomic weapons has thrown new light upon a hallowed principle of Clausewitz.
"As war he wrote, "is dominated by the political object the order of that object determines the measure of the sacrifice by which it is to be purchased. As soon, therefore, as the expenditure in force becomes so great that the political object is no longer equal in value this object must be given up, and peace will be the result.
Into an equation which Clausewitz saw in relative terms, atomic weapons have not introduced an absolute. Can any political object be secured by the opening of a nuclear war which devastates both sides? Hence, of course, the whole language of brinkmanship in a situation in which one object has come to be common to all parties. This is now survival. In the context of general war we have here a completely new situation.
In the closing stages of World War II President Roosevelt showed much reluctance to impose a policy upon the Joint Chiefs of Staff. His successor, President Harry S Truman, was disinclined at a critical time in 1945, as we have seen, to instruct General Eisenhower to act in Europe on any other than purely military considerations. It was only five years later that this same presidential successor found himself roughly compelled to accept the logic of the new order and act in a diametrically opposite sense.
"The Korean War," says Samuel Huntington, "was the first war in American history (except for the Indian struggles) which was not a crusade. "13 I cannot quite accept this, but it certainly was for the United States a war of unusual aspect. It was a war conducted according to the main concept supported by Clausewitz and not at all according to the practice of Ludendorff. That is to say, the object from the beginning was clearly defined in political terms, and limited. There were variations from time to time in the war aim. After MacArthur's
brilliantly successful amphibious operation at Inchon, the aim shifted from the simple re-establishment of the status quo in South Korea to the effecting of a permanent change in the whole Korean Peninsula. The chance was seen to reunite this at a time when China was thought to be too preoccupied with the danger from the old enemy Russia to be inclined to intervene by force of arms. But China did intervene and the Administration reverted to its former aim, whose achievement would in their view run small risk of furnishing the USSR with excuse and opportunity for the opening of World War III before Europe was strong enough to resist.
General MacArthur could not accept this position in terms either of the limitation of means or of the restriction of ends. He challenged the Administration on both counts. In criticizing the Administration's desire to prevent the war from spreading, he declared that this seemed to him to introduce a new concept into military operations. He called it the "concept of appeasement the concept that when you use force you can limit that force.
"Once war is forced upon us," he told Congress, "there is no alternative than to apply every available means to bring it to a swift end." lb He was not consistent here. He did not, in fact, advocate the use of every available means against China. He was strongly against the use of American ground forces in any strength on the mainland, for example, and advocated in preference air bombardment and sea blockade with the possibility of enlarging Nationalist forces on the mainland out of Formosa. He did not, in my view, either convincingly or even with total conviction argue against the acceptance of limitations of hostilities. What he did insist on was that the limitations accepted should be those of his, the military commander's, choice and not those settled upon by his political superiors. But given the acceptance of limitation in principle, the identification of those areas in which specific limitations must be accepted is a clear matter of policy. Is that for soldiers to determine? MacArthur challenged the Administration on this issue and appealed to the legislature and the American people over the Administration's head. He lost. Perhaps he underestimated the character of the President and the degree to which experience
had helped him to develop since the spring of 1945. Perhaps he overestimated the support that he could expect in the Joint Chiefs. The position taken by the Joint Chiefs, however, supported that of the President. It conveyed quite clearly that the instrumental nature of the military, as an agency in the service of the state, was not going to be forgotten. In the seven years between 1945 and 1952 there probably lies a watershed in civil/military relations in the United States, which future historians will see as of prime importance.
But another question arises, and this too was raised by the case of MacArthur, as it arose in the matter of the Curragh incident in 1914 and with General de Gaulle in 1940. Where or by what is the allegiance of the military profession engaged? Personal
service to an absolute monarch is unequivocal. But in a constitutional monarchy, or a republic, precisely where does the loyalty of the fighting men lie?
In Ireland just before the outbreak of World War I, there was a distinct possibility that opponents of the British Government's policy for the introduction of Home Rule in Ireland would take up arms to assert their right to remain united with England under the Crown. But if the British Army were ordered to coerce the Ulster Unionists, would it obey? Doubts upon this score were widespread and they steadily increased. In the event, there was no mutiny, though the Curragh incident has sometimes been erroneously described as such. The officers in a cavalry brigade standing by on the Curragh ready to move into the North of Ireland all followed
their brigade commander's example in offering their resignations from the service. This in peacetime was perfectly permissible. The Curragh episode, all the same, formed a more than usually dramatic element in an intrusion by the military into politics which seriously weakened the British Government of the day and forced a change in its policy. As a successful manipulation of government by the military on a political issue, it has had no parallel in Britain in modem times. But it also raised the question of where personal allegiance lay and raised it more sharply than at any time since 1641, when the hard choice between allegiance to the King and adherence to Parliament, in the days of Thomas Hobbes, split the country in the English Civil War.
Essentially the same question was raised by MacArthur. For he not only challenged the Administration on the fundamentals of policy--upon political ends, that is, as well as upon choice of military means. He also claimed that he was not bound, even as a serving officer, by a duty to the executive if he perceived a duty to the state with which his duty to the Administration conflicted. His words to the Massachusetts legislature are worth quoting:
I find in existence a new and heretofore unknown and dangerous concept, that the members of our armed forces owe primary allegiance or loyalty to those who temporarily exercise the authority of the Executive Branch of the Government rather than to the country and its Constitution which they are sworn to defend. No proposition could be more dangerous.^
There is here a deep and serious fallacy. I do not refer to the possible violation of the President's constitutional position as Commander-in-Chief. I have more in mind a principle basic to the whole concept of parliamentary democracy as it is applied, with differences in detail but in essential identity of intention, in our two countries. It is that the will of the people is sovereign and no refusal to accept its expression through the institutions specifically established by it--whether in the determination of policies or in the interpretation of the constitution--can be legitimate. MacArthur's insistence upon his right as an individual to determine for himself the legitimacy of
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the executive's position, no less than his claim of the right as a military commander to modify national policies, can never be seen in any other way than as completely out of order. It is ironic that MacArthur, who himself might perhaps have been brought to trial for insubordination, should at one time have sat in judgment on another general officer for that very offence. General Mitchell, though possibly wide open to charges of impropriety in the methods he used, was challenging the correctness of the Administration's policy decisions. MacArthur's act was the far graver one of challenging his orders in war, and of appealing to the legislature and people over the Commander-in-Chief's head.
It is worthy of note that in the wave of criticism of General MacArthur from nonAmerican sources, some of it violent at times, the voice of General de Gaulle in France was almost alone amongst those of comparable importance which was raised in MacArthur's defence. De Gaulle himself, of course, had been there, too. He had dedined to accept the wholly legitimate capitulation to a national enemy in war of a properly constituted French government. This is something for which France will always remain deeply in his debt. There is no doubt, however, of the correctness of the position taken by officers of the socalled Vichy French Forces after the fall of France. We fought them in Syria on account of it. The Troupes francaises du Levant had orders to defend French possessions in mandated territories against all comers and this they did. I was myself wounded for the first time in the last war, in that campaign, commanding a small force in an untidy little battle on the Damascus road which we won. After the armistice in Syria and the Lebanon, walking round Beirut with an arm in plaster, I met a French officer who was another cavalryman and a contemporary whom I had known before the war as a friend. He had the other arm in plaster and, I discovered, had been in this little battle the commander on the Vichy French side. We dined together in the St. Georges Hotel while he explained to me with impeccable logic how professionally incompetent the command had been on our side. The fact that we had won was at best irrelevant and at worst aesthetically
repugnant. But I do not recall that in the whole of our discussion either of us doubted the correctness of his action in fighting against the Allies and his old friends.
There is sometimes a purely military justification for disobedience. Britain's greatest sailor, Lord Nelson, exploited it. After Jutland, Admiral Lord Fisher said of Admiral Jellicoe that he had all Nelson's qualities but one: he had not learned to disobey. What I describe as military justification rests in the opinion of the officer on the spot that he can best meet the military requirement of his superiors if he acts in some way other than that prescribed by them. This is a matter of professional judgment, and of courage, for failure can prejudice a career. It is not a matter of morals. But there are also circumstances in which men or women find themselves under a moral compulsion to refrain from doing what is lawfully ordered of them. If they are under sufficiently powerful moral pressure and are strong enough and courageous enough to face the predictable consequences of their action, they will then sometimes disobey. This, I know, is terribly difficult ground. "My country right or wrong" is not an easy principle to reconcile with an absolute morality, even if we accept a Hegelian view that the state represents the highest consummation of human society. Early in World War I a brave English nurse called Edith Cavell, who had said that "Patriotism is not enough," was shot by her country's enemies for relieving human suffering where she found it, among people held by the enemy to be francs tireurs or partisans. Nurse Edith Cavell's statue stands in London off Trafalgar Square, around the corner from the National Gallery, and it is worth a look in passing. It bears the inscription I have quoted: "Patriotism is not enough."
In the half century since that time doubt has grown further, not only on the ultimate moral authority of the nation state but also upon its permanence as a social structure. The nation state could at some time in the future develop into something else. States have before now been united into bigger groupings, and supra-national entities are not impossible.
I do not see the nation state disappearing for a long time yet, but already we have
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DEADLINE FOR SUBMITTAL OF BIOGRAPHICAL DATA FORMS IS 15 JULY 1971
The 1971 Register of Graduates will be published in November. Enclosed with this issue of the Association of Graduates Magazine is the Biographical Data Form for the current membership year. Graduates are asked to please note the return deadline of 15 July 1971 and make every effort to complete the form and have it in the mail to the Association office prior to that date. A self-addressed envelope is enclosed.
No form would be complete without a few ambiguous instructions accompanying it. Adherence to these few "do's and don'ts" will be of great help to the staff in putting together the 1971 Register.
a. Note especially the request on the Biographical Data Form to not use abbreviations. You know what they mean--but we, and many other readers of the Register, frequently do not.
b. If you do not want your wife's name to appear in the Register, please inform us of that in the Remarks section. Unless otherwise indicated on the Biographical Data Form, the name of a graduate's wife will appear as part of his biographical sketch.
c. When completing block 9, entitled Decorations, please be careful not to mistake "Airman's Medal" for "Air Medal."
d. Biographical sketches will be limited to a maximum of 12 lines. Very few graduates have been affected by this limitation in previous editions of the Register. The same should hold true for the 1971 edition. The procedure that will again be included within the EXPLANATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS section of the Register reads:
In cases where 12 lines of type will be exceeded in a biographical sketch, assignments will be deleted in chronological order, starting with the earliest assignment, and in as great a number as is necessary to remain within the 12 line limitation.
This procedure will be applied to all biographical sketches unless a graduate indicates on the Biographical Data Form that he does not want a particular assignment deleted from his sketch. This notification can be made on the data form in paragraph 8, entitled Career The following two types of assignments are excluded from the above procedure and will not be deleted from biographical sketches: major schooling and major TDY assignments in a combat area.
e. Note in paragraph 8, Career, whether an assignment was in a PCS or TDY status.
f. If you are sure of a change of station and duty assignment before 31 October 1971, the new assignment may be indicated on the form. Possible PCS assignments following that date will not be included in the 1971 Register. To every rule there's an exception. PCS assignments following 31 October will be included if a TDY assignment, such as combat crew training, comes before.
Biographical sketches for those graduates who do not return the 1971 Biographical Data Form will be repeated from the previous edition of the Register.
The "polls” closed for the 1971 elections on noon of 30 April. At stake were the offices of president, vice president, and ten directorships. As announced on the inside front cover, Major Charles Stebbins, ’61, and Major Richard Head, '60, were elected President and Vice President respectively. Their terms of office will run until 30 April 1975. The ten directors who were elected for the same tenure are shown below.
Ten directorships were not up for election this year. The term of office for these directors expires on 30 April 1973. They are:
Major David Goodrich, '59
Major Kenneth Alnwick, '60
Major Neil Delisanti, '60
Major George Butler, '61
Captain Thomas Eller, '61
Captain Byron Theurer, '61
Captain James Wilhelm, '61
Major Richard Klass, '62
Captain Sam Westbrook III, *63
Captain Alva Holaday, '65
On 3 February 1971, Captain Thomas A Mravak, Class of 1966 and former member of the Third Cadet Squadron, was killed when his F-4D aircraft crashed while returning from an operational mission. The crash took place approximately eleven miles from the approach end of the runway at Udorn Airfield. Funeral services were held at the USAF Academy on 12 February 1971. Captain Mravak is survived by his wife, Sandra, of 6154 Piping Rock Road, Houston, Texas 77027; and by his mother, Mrs Rosella Mravak, 80 South Highland Avenue, Ossining, New York 10562.
Mr John W Thompson, Class of 1967 and former member of the 16th Cadet Squadron, died as the result of cancer on 18 March 1971. Funeral services were held at the USAF Academy on 23 March 1971. He is survived by his wife, Kathleen, of 11900 East 14th Avenue #3, Aurora, Colorado 80010; and by his mother, Mrs Donald Thompson, Box 733, Maynard, Minnesota 56260.
On 11 February 1971, lLt Willis G Uhls, Class of 1968 and former member of the 22nd Cadet Squadron, was killed in action while on an operational mission in Laos. His 0-1 aircraft crashed after apparently being struck by hostile fire. He is survived by his parents, Mr and Mrs William C Uhls, 887 Sierra, Manteca, California 95336.
On 13 November 1970, Lt James (Bud) D Hoppe, Class of 1968 and former member of the 12th Cadet Squadron, was listed as missing. He was flying a U-10 aircraft over Costa Rica during a search operation and was dedared missing after failing to return to his base. His status was changed to deceased on 18 March 1971, the date of receipt of evidence in Hq USAF that Lt Hoppe could not have survived. Lt Hoppe is survived by his wife, Sandra, 2420 Lunt Avenue, Chicago, IIlinois 60645; and by his parents, Mr and Mrs Norbert J Hoppe, 5048 Winnemac, Chicago, Illinois 60630.
On 16 February 1971, Cpt Charles L Hoskins, Class of 1967 and former member of the 18th Cadet Squadron, was reported missing in action while on an operational mission in Laos. His F-4D aircraft was apparently struck by hostile fire and crashed. No parachutes were seen and no beepers were heard.
BY CAPTAIN GROVER E. MUSSELWHITE, '63 AIR OFFICER COMMANDING, CWDS-23
Many of us have often said, or at least heard the expression "West Point is 169 years of tradition unhampered by progress." Here at the Air Force Academy we are making changes with the hope of bringing about progress. The latest change is to the basic privileges for all classes. The new privileges went into effect late last fall. I remember it well. It was the day of the big game with Stanford. The stakes were high that day, higher than even the Wing knew; for the long-awaited new privilege package had met final approval from the Superintendent ahead of schedule and would be announced following a victory. The team did win its victory, the Academy gained the prestige of a bowl bid, and the Wing got its privileges. But don't misunderstand me! The new privileges were not just conceived and granted for having a winning football season. There had been six months of researching, comparing, proposing, refusal, and new proposals before the Commandant presented them to the Superintendent.
Four main points were included in the rationale for changing/increasing privileges. The first was safety. Granting the First Classmen unlimited week-ends would help alleviate the hazard of early morning driving after a long day beginning at approximately 0600 hours. It would also eliminate excess road travel since many cadets return early Sunday morning only to leave again at
release from quarters. Fatigue has been a recurring factor in accidents.
The second point dealt with the sociological changes in the civilian and military communities Privileges granted in the earlier years of the Academy were now considered unnecessarily restrictive and seemingly bound only by tradition. Rather than maintain a complete departure from previous social life for Fourth Classmen, the academic year should allow initial contact with the civilian community and this contact should increase each semester. Yet, the number of privileges allowed should not be so extensive as to detract from a military academy environment.
The third point concerned the location and facilities of the Academy. Annapolis and West Point reservations are adjacent to communities and their cadets can relax in these areas. Air Force Academy cadets have no such diversion to break the monotony of military regimentation. Granting adequate privileges, particularly weekends, would allow them time to overcome the remoteness and the major lack of transportation for the lower three classes. There is no way to easily implement the unlimited ODPs granted by the Naval Academy; hence, there is increased emphasis on weekends.
The fourth and final point related to matching privileges to normal advancement as being important to overall training and motivation. Making privileges compatible with increased responsibility requires the cadet to exercise some judgment and self-discipline. Properly budgeting time and resources in all phases of cadet life is good training for meeting the demands of being a newly commissioned officer.
The following tables allow you to compare the past with the present. Table 1 shows the privileges in effect since 1 August 1966. Other major changes occurred 2 April 1962 and 15 June 1964. Table 2 is a comparison of privileges at the three major academies prior to the recent change. And, Table 3 is the new privilege package adopted 14 November 1970. Recent modifications include reverting back to the 0130 sign in time from ODPs, and a limit of 4 and 2
First Classmen
extended weekends for First and Second Classmen respectively.
Some final food for thought. Fourth Classmen were allowed to take Spring Leave this semester for the first time. They will be allowed to wear civilian clothes on privileges before this article is published. Second Classmen will have their cars prior to June Week, and all classes will soon be allowed to attend church services at the time and place of their choice.
(1 Aug 1966 - 13 Nov 1970)
Privilege
Privileges if on Commandant/Dean List
Privileges if on Superintendent List Weekend
Extended Weekend Off-Duty Privilege 1/Month 1/Sernester Unlimited 2/Month 1/Semester Unlimited 2/Month 2/Semester Unlimited
Second Classmen
Privilege
Privileges if on Commandant/Dean List
Privileges if on Superintendent List Weekend Extended Weekend Off-Duty Privileges 3/Semester 3/Semester 1/Month 1/Semester Unlimited 4/Month 6/Month
Third Classmen
Privilege
Privileges if on Commandant/Dean List
Privileges if on Superintendent List Weekend Off-Duty Privilege 1/Semester 2/Month 2/Semester 3/Month 3/Semester 4/Month
Fourth Classmen
Fall Semester
Privilege
Privileges if on Commandant/Dean List
Privileges if on Superintendent List
Off-Duty Privileges Spring Semester Off-Duty Privileges 2/Semester 3/Semester N/A 4/Semester N/A 6/Semester
NOTE: Privileges are not cumulative.
Table 1
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(Continued from preceding page) CONDENSED SUMMARY OF PRIVILEGES
First Class
Weekends
Extended Weekends Off Duty Privilege
Second Class
Weekends
Extended Weekends Off Duty Privilege
Third Class
Fourth Class
About equal for all 1/Semester Unlimited Sat $ Sun three academies 2/Semester Unlimited 7 days a week 1/Month
Unlimited Sat
About equal None 4/Month Sat for all $ Sun
§ Sun
§ Sun
Sat $ Sun
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Graduates should pull out their planning calendars for '71 and mark the week-end of 9 October as the new date of the 1971 Homecoming. It is the week-end of the home game with Southern Methodist University.
The week-end of 25 September was previously announced as the homecoming date for 1971. A major conflict arose for that week-end in the use of Academy and Peterson Field facilities. The homecoming planning committee considered the demands upon available facilities to be excessive for the week-end and elected to re-schedule the
’71 Homecoming for the week-end of 9-10 October.
As plans become firm on the events of homecoming week-end this year, returning alumni can expect one of the best reunions yet. Several new wrinkles in the usual schedule of activities are planned. The entire schedule will appear in a later summer publication of the Association.
Be sure to set aside the week-end of 9 October to attend the '71 Homecoming.
PRIVILEGE
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NEW TABLE OF INDIVIDUAL PRIVILEGES (Adopted 14 Nov 1970)
Privileges if on Privileges if on First Classmen Basic Privilege Commandant/Dean List Superintendent List
Weekend Unlimited
AOC's may grant extended weekends. Off Duty Unlimited Privilege
Second Classmen
Weekend 5/Semester 6/Semester 2/Month
AOC’s may grant extended weekends.
Off Duty Privilege 6/Month 7/Month
Third Classmen Weekend 3/Semester 4/Semester Off Duty Privilege 4/Month 5/Month
Fourth Classmen
Fall Semester Weekend Off Duty Privilege 1/Semester 2/Month
Spring Semester Weekend Off Duty Privilege 1/Semester 3/Month 1/Semester 3/Month
1. Privileges are cumulative per semester.
Unlimited 5/Semester 6/Month 2/Semester 4/Month
2. Sign in times for weekends will remain the same; Evening Call to Quarters for First Class and First Call for the Evening Meal for Second, Third, and Fourth Classes.
3. Cadets are expected to remain away from the Academy overnight when on a weekend. However, when it is necessary to remain in the cadet area overnight while on a weekend, the Squadron AOC will be the approving authority. The objective of this policy is to discourage cadets from driving during the late-night and early-morning hours when fatigue is high
4. Sign in time for off duty privileges is 0030.
Table 3
Coach Bob Spear will leave the USAFA this summer after 15 years as head basketball coach. The Academy basketball teams compiled a 177-176 win-loss record under Spear in his 15 seasons. The last winning campaign was in 1966 when the team had a 14-12 record. The 1971 season ended with a 12-14 record. AFA's last appearance in the NCAA regionals was in 1962 when the team put together a 16-7 record.
Coach Spear is uncertain about his future plans. He hopes to remain in coaching or go into private business. The new basketball coach has not been named as of press time.
The Falcon hockey team, playing the roughest schedule in its short three year history, posted its first winning season in 1971 with a 15-11-2 record. One of the biggest victories and most exciting games was a 7-4 win over Colorado College of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. Not only did the team take the win, it also took CC's coach, John Matchefts. He became on 1 April the assistant to head coach Vic Heyliger. Matchefts played on the Michigan '51- ’53 teams that won the national collegiate title those years. He was twice named to the allNCAA tournament team and was a member of the 1955 national ice hockey team and the 1956 U. S. Olympic team.
The Lacrosse team is in the process of putting together its best season yet. The Falcons are undefeated and have an excellent chance of getting into the National Collegiate tournament. The team holds victories over eastern powers, Baltimore and Adelphi. Only three games remain for the season - Colorado College, Denver Lacross Club, and Denver.
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The baseball team has had its problems getting started this year. The team lost its first 16 games before winning 8 in a row and gaining a tie with the St. Louis Cardinals - the game was called because of rain. Cadet Brad Fulk (4th classman) hit a home run against the professionals and has 9 round-trippers to date. With a double header win over Denver the team has a good chance of getting into the NCAA District Seven playoffs
The Falcon Rugby Club is only al few short years old but has compiled quite a record. Th< objective of the club is to win the Coors Cup, the symbol of rugby supremacy in Colorado. This spring the club is seeking its third cup in a row. In five attempts the cadets have won the Coors Cup three times and placed second once in the competition.
The rugby club has two teams competing each week-end, an A team and a B team. The A team is the "first" team. However, this season the B team is also one of the strongest teams in the state. Conceivably, the two Falcon teams could play each other in the finals for the Coors Cup competition. The club competes in both the fall and spring seasons. The A team has compiled a cumulative 54-11-1 record over five and a half years of competition. So far this spring the club has travelled to UCLA, New Mexico and England to participate in competition. Highlights to date include wins over RAF Cranwell, 10-5, and Brigham Young University.
The coaches are Captain Alan Osur and Wing Commander Tony Mason, both of the Department of History. Cadet David MacDougall is the President of the Club.
(Harmon Memorial Lecture - continued from page 24)
much experience of international political structures under which groups of national military forces are employed. The United States in the last third of a century, it has been said, has learnt more about the operation of coalitions than ever before. Conflicts of loyalty are always possible where forces are assigned to an allied command. I have been a NATO commander in Europe, and as such I had on my staff an officer of another nation who was engaged in the contingency planning of tactical nuclear targets. This was less of an academic exercise for this particular officer than it might have been, say, for an American or even for a Briton, for the targets were not only in Europe but in this officer's own country and in parts of it he had known from boyhood. It was made known to me that this officer was showing signs of strain and I had him moved to other work, for the military servant of a nation state can even now be put under moral strain in situations where conflicts of loyalties arise. The tendency towards international structures will almost certainly increase and the incidence of such situations is unlikely to grow less.
Let me draw together these thoughts upon the moral, as distinguished from the professional, aspect of obedience. The fighting man is bound to obedience to the interests of the state he serves. If he accepts this, as MacArthur certainly did, he can still, rightly or wrongly, question, like MacArthur, the authority of men constitutionally appointed to identify and interpret the state's interests. He could even, like de Gaulle, flatly refuse to obey these men. Those who consider General MacArthur open to a charge of insubordination may consider that General de Gaulle was probably open to a charge of no less than treason. Neither action is constitutionally permissible. A case in moral justification might just possibly be made for both, though such a case is always stronger when the results of the act are seen to be in the outcome beneficial. "Treason doth never prosper," wrote Sir John Harrington in the days of Queen Elizabeth the First. "What's the reason? For if it prosper none dare call it treason." In the event, de Gaulle became in the
fullness of time President of the French Republic. It was poor Petain that they put on trial.
Finally there is disobedience on grounds of conscience to an order, lawfully given, whose execution might or might not harm the state but which the recipient flatly declines, for reasons he finds compelling, to carry out. This will be done by the doer at his peril; and the risk, which can be very great, must be accepted with open eyes.
Another possible cause of strain upon the military is divergence in the ethical pattern of the parent society from that of its armed forces. Samuel Huntington, in the book The Soldier and the State which will always occupy a high place in the literature upon this topic, spoke in the late 1950s of tendencies in the United States towards a new and more conservative environment, more sympathetic to military institutions. He suggested that this "might result in the widespread acceptance by Americans of values more like those of the military ethic, The course of events since Huntington wrote thus, in 1956, throws some doubt on the soundness of any prediction along these lines. The qualities demanded in military service, which include self-restraint in the acceptance of an ordered life, do not seem to be held in growing esteem everywhere among young people today. In consequence, where a nation is involved in a war which cannot be described as one of immediate national survival and whose aims, however admirable they may be, are not universally supported at home and perhaps not even fully understood there, strains can be acutely felt. Limited wars for political ends are far more likely to be productive of moral strains of the sort I have here suggested than the great wars of the past.
The wars of tomorrow will amost certainly be limited wars, fought for limited ends. The nation-in-arms has vanished; the general war is no longer a rational concept. But the nation state will persist for a time yet and the application of force to its political ends will persist with it. These ends, however, will be limited and the means limited too--not by choice of the military but by choice of their employers, the constitutionally established civil agencies of the state. These employers will also be watching most carefully the level of demand being
made, on the military behalf, on national resource. If this level rises so high as to prejudice enterprises higher in the national scale of priorities than preparation for war, they will be resisted. There are signs that the very high priority given to the demands of the military upon a national resource in the United States in the third quarter of the twentieth century will not persist into the fourth.
Ladies and gentlemen, in addressing myself to the topic chosen for this memorial address, ’’The Military in the Service of the State," I have selected only a few aspects of a big and complex theme. Let me end with something like a confessio fidei --a confession of faith. I am myself the product of thirty-five years military service--a person who, with strong inclinations to the academic, nonetheless became a professional soldier. Looking back now in later life from a university, I can find nothing but satisfaction over the choice I made all those years ago as a student--a satisfaction tinged with surprise at the good sense I seem to have shown as a very young man in making it. Knowing what I do now, given the chance all over again, I should do exactly the same. For the military life, whether for sailor, soldier, or airman, is a good life. The human qualities it demands include fortitude, integrity, selfrestraint, personal loyalty to other persons, and the surrender of the advantage of the individual to a common good. None of us can claim a total command of all these qualities. The military man sees round him others of his own kind also seeking to develop them, and perhaps doing it more successfully than he has done himself. This is good company. Anyone can spend his life in it with satisfaction.
In my own case, as a fighting man, I found that invitations after the World War to leave the service and move into business, for example, were unattractive, even in a time when anyone who had had what they called on our side "a good war" was being demoted and, of course, paid less. A pressing invitation to politics was also comparatively easy to resist. The possibility of going back to Oxford to teach Mediaeval History was more tempting. But I am glad that I stayed where I was, in the Profession of Arms, and I cannot believe I could
have found a better or more rewarding life anywhere outside it.
Another thought arises here. The danger of excessive influence within the state to which I have been referring does not spring from incompetence, cynicism, or malice in the military, but in large part from the reverse. What is best for his service will always be sought by the serving officer and if he believes that in seeking the best for his service he is rendering the best service he can to his country, it is easy to see why. He may have to be restrained. He can scarcely be blamed.
The military profession is unique in one very important respect. It depends upon qualities such as those I have mentioned not only for its attractiveness but for its very efficiency. Such qualities as these make of any group of men in which they are found an agreeable and attractive group in which to function. The military group, however, depends in very high degree upon these qualities for its functional efficiency.
A man can be selfish, cowardly, disloyal, false, fleeting, perjured, and morally corrupt in a wide variety of other ways and still be outstandingly good in pursuits in which other imperatives bear than those upon the fighting man. He can be a superb creative artist, for example, or a scientist in the very top flight and still be a very bad man. What the bad man cannot be is a good sailor, or soldier, or airman. Military institutions thus form a repository of moral resource which should always be a source of strength within the state.
I have reflected tonight upon the relationship between civil and military in the light of past history, present positions, and possible future developments and have offered in conclusion my own conviction that the major service of the military institution to the community of men it serves may well lie neither within the political sphere nor the functional. It could easily lie within the moral. The military institution is a mirror of its parent society, reflecting strengths and weaknesses. It can also be a well from which to draw refreshment for a body politic in need of it.
It is in the conviction that the highest service of the military to the state may well
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lie in the moral sphere, and the awareness that almost everything of importance in this respect has probably still to be said, that I bring to an end what I have to offer
here tonight in the Harmon Memorial Lecture for the year 1970. (Reprinting of this speech is not authorized without the permission of the author and the Department of History, USAF Academy.)
1. Lodwick Hartley, This is Lorence (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1943), p. 153.
2. Bruce Catton, The Army of the Potomac, Vol. 1: Mr. Lincoln’s Army (New York, 1962), p. 89.
3. Gordon A. Craig, The Politics of the Prussian Army, 1640-1945 (Oxford, 1955), p. 252.
4. Forrest C. Pogue, "The Decision to Halt at the Elbe (1945)," Command Decisions ec. Kent R. Greenfield (New York, 1959), p.375.
5. Ibid., p. 377
6. Ibid., p. 378
7. Ibid., P. 380
8. Ibid., p. 381
9. Ibid., p. 385
10. Louis Morton, "Interservice Co-operation and Political-Military Collaboration," Total War and Cold War, ed. Harry L. Coles (Columbus, Ohio, 1962), p. 137.
11. George F. Kennan, Realities of American Foreign Policy (Princeton, 1954), p. 80.
12. Karl von Clausewitz, On War trans. 0. J. Matthiss Jolles (Washington, 1943), p. 21.
13. Samuel P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (Cambridge, Mass., 1957), p. 387.
14. MacArthur's testimony before the Senate Armed Forces and Foreign Relations Committees quoted in Walter Millis (ed.) American Military Thought (New York, 1966), p. 481.
15. MacArthur's address to Joint Session of Congress April 19, 1951, quoted in Douglas MacArthur, Reminiscences (New York, 1964), p. 404.
16. Douglas MacArthur, "War Cannot Be Controlled, It Must Be Abolished," Vital Speeches 17 (August 15, 1951): 653. Speech before Massachusetts Legislature, Boston, July 25, 1951.
17. Huntington, Soldier and the State p. 458.
Maj Wayne Pittman Qtrs 6455B
USAFA Co 80840
Colorado has come through again with about six inches of snow (and still falling heavily) on the day the cadets would have gone into summer uniforms and two days after I took off my snow tires. I don't know why any of us choose to live in Klondike South.
A little light on news this quarter without even the usual number of change of address cards. I got a note from CV MILLER indicating that he was following F-100 school with A-ls at Hurlburt, enroute Bien Hoa as a VNAF advisor. He's leaving Sandy here in June. From another source I learned that CV was "Top Gun" in his 100 class.
BOB FAY writes from the Phu Cat that their part of the war is still adequately active. Reports Judy is waiting in Laconia, N.H. and invites anyone to drop in at Phu Cat, 389th TFS, tele.2156. Finally, he makes a suggestion. Apparently you FACs keep the same call sign all the tour and Bob asks why not get them in the column so that he and the other bomb droppers will know when they're part of an all-59
operation. If you agree, I'll collect and pass on the info.
These transfers: DICK BIGELOW at chopper training, enroute SEA next month. PAT MUSMAKER seems to have ended up at Cam Ranh. DENNY SEE from AFSC to Force Development Branch, Pentagon. WALT SCHMIDT in training at England prior to SEA, with Bien Hoa expected. JACK BRYAN taking his AFIT degree to the AF Contract Management Division at McDonnel-Douglas in St.Louis. LARRY COTTON didn't return to the States, as he expected, but went to the 15th TRS on Okie. JON BLACK was on his way to Ecuador until the tuna war got our people thrown out. Now he'll be going to the Canal Zone. JIM WELCH will be going to AFSC when he returns from SEA.
DEKE HOUSTON out of the service now, Vice President of Houston's, Inc. in Portland, Ore. JIM CHAPMAN has moved to East Point, Ga., details unknown. JOHN GULLEDGE has changed his mail address to the old homestead in Sallisaw, Okla. Again, no details known.
Our only gain here at the Blue Zoo: CHARLY MEIER in the Chem. Dept. We're loosing a bunch, though, mostly to schools. WAYNE JEFFERSON to a PhD program at Stanford (All us Waynes go there); JOE MORGAN also back to college in Atlanta; DICK CARR, HT JOHNSON, and ED MONTGOMERY to Staff Colleges, Air, Army, and Navy respectively. JIMMIE JAY is on his way to Hq, USAF, MIKE GIVENS to Korea, and LEE BARNWELL to the Arnold Engineering Development Center. JOE DESANTIS pulled off a good one: C-118s at Clark and he's the only guy I remember ever getting concurrent travel to there.
Awards and Decs: LARRY THOMSON: AF Commendation Medal for service with the 355 TFW at Takhli. DENNY SEE: second through fourth Air Medals. LEIGH HUNT: DFC, Bronze Star, and six Air Medals. Congratulations all.
School's almost over here. In another month we'll all be doing our summer "thing," mine being a two month jaunt around Two Corps. While I'm wandering about writing up the progress of VNAF Vietnamization I just might be the first to take Bob Fay up on his invitation. The rest of you in that part of the country be warned I may come offering to buy you a drink for a bed. I hope I'll see and talk to enough of you to make the first column in the fall an exceptionally newsy one. Those of you in areas other than SEA could help balance the coverage by dropping me a line during the summer.
Maj Sid Newcomb
6980 Baker Road Colorado Springs Co 80908
Spring-time arrived the other day, I think, and it had been quite nice til we got two sloppy snows this week. How are y'all? All is well here as we enter the home stretch/drag urging '71 along to 9 June. A new chapel policy effective this week (late April) allowing all cadets to attend a church of their choice should produce some interesting developments.
I received several very interesting letters from you all during the last couple of
months. ROSIE CLER, presently plant manager for Fleetwood Enterprises in Ohio, maker of mobile, motor and modular homes, plus recreational vehicles, is homesick for Denver and contemplating moving there, but as yet has no concrete plans. Then we had two letters from classmates going into the medical profession on their own: DEAN BRISTOW and DAVE REED. Dean wrote a newsy letter reporting that he is out of the AF and a medical student at the U of Cal/Irvine. His resignation was not due to disenchantment, but rather to a strong recently acquired yearning for a medical profession, which he couldn't get thru USAF for several reasons. Dave Reed is graduating as an MD from the U of Nebraska this coming June, then he'll be off for further training in Auckland, New Zealand. He has made it thru with a little help from Va and ANG RF-84 flying. Best wishes to both you doctors.'.'
A nice long letter from TONY BURSHNICK clues us in that Armed Forces Staff College at Norfolk is a little more work than many of us had thought it to be he says he puts in longer hours there than he had in the Comm Shop here, which were nlenty long enough, as you know. Tony has high praises for the school, says it's outstanding.
TONY BURSHNICK
GEORGE ELSEA, NEIL DELISANTI and JACK SCHIRA are there with him. George will be going to an Ops Staff in USAFE and Jack will be returning to the missile systems business in the Pentagon. Nels and Tony
will be headed for Hq MAC at Scott. HOYT PRINDLE is to be Tony’s sponsor at Scott, so evidently Oogie is back from Nakon Phanom. JIM ANDERSON wrote to bring us up to date on a few news bits from USAFE. Jim is a flight commander in the 493rd TFS at RAF Lakenheath. He just married Lynn whom he had met there on a previous tour. The Andersons plan on driving down to visit RALPH and Darlene LALIME this summer. Ralph (and, by the way, GENE TATRO, ex-ATO) is in STANEVAL at Hq USAFE, Weisbaden, poor fellow!
Some short bits from change of address cards: HARRISON KING from Hq 7AF to Seymour Johnson as squadron materiel officer in the 334th TFS; PAPPY BOYINGTON is squadron maintenance officer for the 417th TFS at Holloman; KARL JONES from an MS in Aerospace Engineering, U of Colorado/AFIT, to Edwards; VIC THOMAS from 17th TAS at Elmendorf to Engineering Management, U of Arizona/AFIT; RON YATES as Deputy Assistant for Senior Officer Management at Hq AFSC, Andrews; and TOM BURKE from Phan Rang to Hq USAF (AFCSA). And here is a bit of nonnews about DOUG REKENTHALER - he was thru here to say hello and good-bye, and that's about all that wasn’t classified. Over?
GEORGE LESTER with Panam from Hawaii to the mainland in San Francisco; BOB ODENWELLER dropped us a newsy change-of-address card (why don't more of you use the remarks section on the blue Association change-of address-card if you are too busy to write a letter?). Bob with TWA has just moved to Smiths Parish, Bermuda, from NY. He is now able to spend the better part of each month soaking up rays on the island since his new international schedule requires him to commute to NY only once a month. If any of you are philatelists (those of you who are should know what it means) contact Odenweller, recently elected governor of the Collectors Club of NY and fellow of the Royal Philatelic Society of London. KEN WERRELL is now Associate Professor of History at Radford College, Virginia, after having completed his PhD at Duke. CHARLES GEORGI is a management consultant for Arthur Young and Co., but I don't know where.
AWARDS AND DECS JIM PEEL has just been awarded the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award for his service as C-133 pilot with
the 436th MAW at Dover; CHUCK WATERMAN was cited for meritorious service with AF Communications Service at McChord. He received his medal at Bien Hoa where he is serving as a FAC. CRES SHIELDS was decorated here with the DFC for courageous control of air support for a US Army platoon under attack near Quang Tri. Congratulations, Jim, Chuck, and Cres! .'
LOCAL NEWS DICK HEAD (Poli Sci) and BILL HODSON (Math) have teamed up on a research project sponsored by DDR$E called Risk Analysis, designed to improve the weapons sys tern acquisition process. Dick recently had his dissertation for a doctorate in Public Administration accepted by Syracuse, title "Decision Making on the A-7 Attack Aircraft Program" for any of you interested in the A-7 (aren't we all?). I understand DALE THOMPSON was thru here the other day on his way to F-llls at Upper Heyford from O-ls in SEA. CHARLIE and Linda HART have #3 in the hangar with an ETA in the Fall. CHARLIE THOMPSON, still running a chopper SPO at Wright-Pat, was out here the other day to see about a job on the Faculty. TONY LONG has curtailed and is leaving in middle May for an exec/admin slot at Phu Cat. We'll miss his smile and good humor here on’ the sixth floor of Fairchild. ROGER LENT is off in June for another academic ticket in Chemistry at Tempe, Arizona, and then he'll be coming back to our Life Sciences Department. DICK SEXTON is going back to SEA for
a second tour, this time a staff job at Udorn, he thinks. And KEN ALNWICK thinks he has a MAAG job in Bangkok wiredaccompanied, no less!, so it ought to be a fine tour for him and Judy.
A Reminder: when you send in a change-ofaddress card, please be as explicit as possible and use the "Remarks” section to pass on bits of news. Also, send in any photographs, portraits or snapshots, that you can spare. Til summer time - stay busy, check six!!
Cpt Tom Eller
Qtrs 4506B
USAFA Co 80840
Ten years ago we had just bought our first officer uniforms (silver tans and 505’s) and had been allowed to go in debt for a car. Many were making plans for two PCS shipments one from here and one from where she was to become an Air Force wife. The cadet chapel was only half finished. F-4's were referred to in futuristic dreams as F-llO’s. (Remember that, Scotty?). The last of the Academy’s rated navigators, the only class in which all graduates were commissioned, was about to enter the last May
Term-investments, marriage and family and rays absorption IV. And so it goes-dreams have become memories and memories have become museum pieces. On June 7th, celebrate! Then on June 8th consider that we have had ten years to remake the Air Force in our own image. Perhaps we had better rev up and go! Many of us at USAFA plan to celebrate wedding anniversaries and the decade of service with a dutch treat dinner party on June 7. If you can make it, please come. Inquire of any local classmate for the place.
Speaking of celebrations, because of highlevel conflicts we changed Homecoming 71 to the weekend of 9 October. LARRY KARNOWSKI, Class President (in case you didn’t remember), is in charge of our class reunion to be held here on Friday, 8 October. If you have any suggestions drop Larry a note (DFE, USAFA, Colo).
In the January issue of the magazine my use of the word "anachronism" became "aeronism." No one has commented on it, so maybe it meant something appropriate to you.
Last April I wrote a dreary tale of the snow we were having. Well, we only had eight inches last week! "When it’s springtime in the Rockies, it's already summertime everywhere else..."
PAUL STEPHEN and BOB KELLOCK are slated for the next research pilot class at Edwards. Congratulations. HECTOR NEGRONI is leaving USAFA for SEA in June (C-123's, Phan Rang). Please read his letter to the Editor elsewhere in this issue. He has also published in Spanish again: "El Gallo en la Poesia de Luis Llorens Torres" and "El Maquinismo en la Poesia Puertorriquena." EARL SAUNDERS is studying geography at the University of Illinois. GENE DAVIS and wife Judith are at San Diego State College under AFIT. Gene recently received his fourth and fifth Air Medals for C-130 missions in SEA. BRUCE HINDS was awarded an Air Medal at Udorn. JOHN KOHOUT, of the USAFA Department of Foreign Languages, received his second through fifth Air Medals for SEA action. JACK WOLCOTT won the DFC for his A-l action near Nakhon Phanom. KEN MAC AULAY, formerly an aide-de-camp in SEA, now in MAC at Andrews, was awarded the Bronze Star and six Air Medals.
KEN MAC AULAY
CHARLIES DEAN lives in Dallas. Still with Braniff. CARL CRANBERRY is on the OPS staff of 9th AF at Shaw. DAVE HAINES is in real estate sales in Tustin, Cal. JOHN HARRIS is in Rescue and Recovery in the Azores. LOWELL JONES is an OPS staff officer in AFXOOCSA (Pentagon). RICHARD MCMONIGAL, where are you? KEN STATEN is aide to the commander of Systems Command at Andrews. ERIK VETTERGREN moved from Danbury to Brookfield Center, Conn. He is a pilot with American Airlines. HOWARD BODENHAMER is in AFXOXFTF, Hq USAF. WORTH MC CUE lives in Tampa. At MacDill, I guess. BOB DINGLE is a Manpower Evaluation Team Chief at Elmendorf. JIM KYLE is a quality control engineer in Farmington, NM. BY THEURER is in the SAMSO Shuttle Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama. TOM WILSON has completed his MBA at the University of Southern California and is now a Log Officer at OCAMA at Tinker. TWC and TOM LAPLANTE should get together.
I heard from BOB WAGNER in March (Thanks, Bob.) He is in the Graduate Systems Management Program at Wright-Pat. He sends greetings from OLEG KOMARNITSKY (Univ of Rochester in systems analysis), JOHNNY MOORE (Civil Engineering Center), TED NOLDE (F-15 SPO), STEVE HO (C-5A SPO) and TOM CONLEY (Astro program AFIT). Bob Wagner, along with several others has suggested that the recent promotees in the Class of 61 contribute to POW-MIA causes in lieu of funding promotion parties. If you are in favor of doing this please do so. Send the money by way of the Association of Graduates. Send your name to TOM SUTTON
if you do so or have already done so and we’ll publish the list.
VINCENT SCOTT wrote me a while back. He lives in Denver now, but will soon move to Woodmoor. (That’s where JOE MANDEL lives.) Scotty gave me a lot of information about the late JOHN MIKO '62, who died of cancer in January. A special bulletin requesting financial assistance was sent to the members of the class of 62 shortly after John became seriously ill. A memorial fund has been established in John's honor. Contributions may be sent to the Association.
JOHN PAYNE is still on the staff at SOS. Some phantom address changer notified the Association that he had moved to CCK, Taiwan and caused John to miss three month's of Association mail.
This summer I will be TDY to Eglin for some flight tests, after which Anne, Julie, Elizabeth and I will move from USAFA to the University of Texas at Austin to work on another degree in astronautics. I am turning over the reins of the Homecoming Committee to the next chairman. Beginning with the summer issue of the magazine TOM SUTTON (AHP, USAFA) will edit the class news section. It has been fun trying to keep up with all you guys. Now, all of you who would not write me, drop Tom a line. Here's to the next decade, "God bless us every one!"
P.S. I'm sure you'll ioin me in saying Congratulations to Charlie Stebbins for his successful election as President of the Association of Graduates.
Cpt D K Vaughan
Qtrs 6602N
USAFA Co 80840
Speaking of bad jokes, I feel moved to comment on the current Air Force promotion situation. I don't know about you, but my letter to the Air Force Times is all ready to be mailed--so that when the next promotion board to Major is announced (to convene, say, in December of '72) to consider people eligible in the new primary zone (DOR up to 5 Dec 66)--we of '62 can get mentioned in the "Kudos" section of the Times for "most times eligible in the secondary zone." And when will promotions to Major get back "on cycle?" About three weeks after we finally do make it in the primary zone, I suspect (or, approximately 1 Aug 73, according to my calculations). Oh well, if we can weather 80% SAC assignments out of pilot training, we can stand up to anything the Air Force can hand out, right? Which brings me to my next subject--
Civilians : STAN PATRIE is flying for Western Airlines out of Riverside, Cal. MIKE QUINTON is now also in California--he's now in San Diego, where he is an Asst U S Attorney for California's Southern District. I see that my old pilot training roomie, DAVE LYON, has returned to his old stomping grounds in Boulder City, Nevada. Dave's
probably got some soft state job like Sandstorm Inspector, or something.
CONUS: DON HALLACER has moved down to Barksdale from Pease, where he is now Chief of Aircrew Management for 2nd AF. I guess Don (an old 135 driver) decided it was time to pass a different kind oF gas. LANNY HALL, now at Dover, recently received the DFC for doing worthwhile things in an 0-2 while flying out of Nakhon Phanom. GEORGE HARRISON has received his MBA from Penn, and is now a Joint Staff Air Operations Officer with the J-3 Section of Strike Command at MacDill. This piece of news was also confirmed by GAIL PECK, who wrote to say that one of our favorite AOC's, "Darby" McGill (now a Lt Col), also observed George at work at StrikCom. Gail is getting upgraded to IP in the F4E and expects to become Weapons Officer for the 46th TFS. J.T. HIGH picked up a couple more Air Medals for successfully keeping his B-52 above 20,000 ft in the combat zone. (No offense, Tom--all of us in '62 are SAC men at heart.) Tom is presently with the 17th BW at Wright-Pat. J.V.HINES has completed his stay at Test Pilot School at Edwards and is now working for Systems Command at Wright-Pat in the Cargo Flight Test section. MIKE MAJOR is at Hq TAC at Langley, doing something important, no doubt. CHET GRIFFIN and BILL OROURKE passed through the ATC T-41 outfit at Pete Field again in February. Chet will be departing the ATC StanEval section this summer for a tour in AFIT (at Louisiana Tech, I think). By the way, Bill, I apologize for the name mixup last issue. I know your name really isn't Frank, Bill, so it won't happen again, I can promise you that, Fred.
SEA : MURLE WILSON is now at Tan Son Nhut, where he is advising the VNAF on the mvsterious workings of the UH-1D. E.C.NEWMAN managed to get in on a little low-level work around Khe Sanh recently. E.C. is flying F4's with the 366th TFW at DaNang.
AFIT, USAFA, etc .: BOB SCAUZILLO is now at USAFA teaching History, and TOM KEANEY is finishing up at the U of Michigan prior to showing up here to teach History, also. AL WYLIE will be leaving the USAFA Math Dept for a year's paid vacation at Nakhon Phanom--some guys get all the breaks. EDD
WHEELER informs me that he expects to finish up his work on the PhD in June. He also expects to exchange the nice warm climate of Atlanta and environs for that of Tan Son Nhut and environs come this fall. Rumor has it that F.K. SMITH will arrive in the English Dept sometime this summer, which means that '62 will maintain its deathless grip on DFENG. F.K. will become the Dept Red Tag, because I will be departing this summer for a couple of years of further schooling up at the U of Washington (Seattle), where I hope to catch up on a little hiking, skiing, fishing, watch some Pacific-8 football, and possibly write a dissertation.
Which is why DOUG TOCADO is now the Official Class Correspondent. He will take over the sacred duties commencing next issue. Doug's address is Qtrs 45011, USAFA Colo 80840.
DOUG
Doug's presence will add a little of that History Dept class to the column, and I know he'll be glad to hear from you. I certainly want to thank those of you who wrote in to help me spread the good word. Don't forget to fill in a few details about your (new) job when you send in those change-of-address cards. By the way, I also think it's a good idea to rotate this correspondent's job every year or so--that way the job won't become a burden, and a new face every so often will keep those cards and letters coming in.
Here's my final Quote-of-the-Quarter. Do with it as you see fit.
"We're not going to produce an Einstein here, nor a great poet. We're not that type of an institution."
--Lt Gen A. P. Clark, Superintendent, USAF Academy, as quoted in a recent article in the Denver Post.
C arry on, men.
A Letter to Members of the Class of 1962 from Mrs. Rosemary Miko
Dear Academy Friends:
On January 12, I wrote Fred a letter of thanks for the money given to help us as a result of John's illness. I also told him that we were trusting God to heal John of this cancer.
Ironically, Fred received this letter on January 14th, the day John was healed, instantaneously and forever, when he was ushered into the presence of Jesus Christ.
We had not expected the healing in this way, for we believed that through physical healing many people would come to know Him whom to know is Life Everlasting. However, it is only when we see death, which Christ conquered, that we can view this life in its proper perspective.
I keep asking God "Why" did He take John from me and our two little ones; and the only answer I receive is that "God is not willing that anyyone should perish." So, if just one person comes to know Christ as his Saviour, then John's death was not in vain, in view of Eternity.
The friends and prayers surrounding me have given me my physical strength and T shall never forget them. But the biggest comfort of all are the words "John lives because of Christ's love." (John 11:26)
May God be with each one of you.
Rosemary Miko
15052 Genoa Circle Huntington Beach, Ca 92647
Cpt Norman I Lee III (Skip)
Qtrs 64541
USAFA Co 80840
Here it is, April in Colorado, and to date we have had typical Colorado weather. Even as I sit at my typewriter putting the column together I have been able to observe clouds, brilliant sunshine, snow, sleet, rain and the ever-present wind. Nothing unusual to report. As the Academy heads down the stretch of another academic year one notices an increase in the irritability of both the cadets and faculty, hair growing longer as prospects of leave dance through little heads, the care factor of the firsties dropping another rung, snow melting on the ski slopes and the fairways on the golf course turning green. The greens have been green all winter because the management painted them green.
My appeal for cards, letters, visits and phone calls has been an overwhelming suecess this spring and that is something-keep up the good work. Where to begin, however, is a real problem. Probably the best starting point I can think of is in the area of awards and decorations received by our classmates over the past few months. JOE CABUK was awarded the DFC for his work in SEA and is presently at Nellis checking
out in the F-lll. JOE LEE BURNS has returned from Europe to fly F-4s at Holloman and in the transfer was awarded his third AFCM. GEORGE FREDERICK also received the AFCM while in SEA. BILL KEENAN, now flying with the Navy's training program at Cecil Fid, Florida (Jacksonville) was presented with a passle of decorations for his work in the F-100 "over there": SS, DFC, 10 Air Medals and the AFCM. Bill will be moving into the USAF A-7D upon completion of his tour with the Navy.
BILL KEENAN
Strategic Air Command presented DICK SLOWIK with the Outstanding Education Achievement Certificate for his off duty educational performance. Dick is flying 135s from MeCoy AFB, Florida: congratulations! In a letter from BOB DONOVAN I found a clipping on RAY FULLER who had been selected as the Outstanding Instructor for the month of January at Luke. Part of the recommendation
written for Ray's selection read: "Captain Fuller's distinctive ability as an instructor centers around his remarkable powers of observation and analysis of students' instrument flying techniques." Ray will be going to AFIT's Computer Technology program at Arizona State University in June. Bob will be moving north during June to join the Department of English at USAFA. Good show to everybody for jobs well done.'
One of the built-in benefits of an Air Force career is overseas travel and, as usual, '63 has its share of those making the most of the opportunity. Based on change of address cards and letters we find GARY WALLACE pushing Phantoms around the skies of Japan, BILL HENTGES at Nellis preparing to go to Upper Heyford and fly the F-lll and, at Southern Methodist University studying for a Masters in Operations Research, sits GIL MERKLE thinking about the swaying palms of Hawaii and an assignment to CINCPAC J-5. Gil says his address in early June will be Staff, CINCPAC Box 15, FPO SF 96110. The Merkles now have three daughters: Lori, born 26 December 1969 (Merry Christmas); Sherry-4 and Kelly-6. Serving in Southeast Asia are ROGER KORENBERG at "Naked Fanny" flying CH-53s; BILL HELKER, flying the 0-2A, and RALPH BACUE at Cam Ranh Bay.
Graduate School seems to be one of the more popular assignments or occupations for Golden Boys these days. Studying under AFIT programs are PAT CARUANA in Texas Aggie land; BARRY WALRATH, who leaves MAC in June for San Diego State and a Masters in Political Geography; ARNIE PATCHIN at MIT studying Aero Engineering; BOB DESANTO preparing to depart Perrin and join Pat at Texas ASM (the last is via LARRY EASTMAN); and DON WASHBURN who was just notified of his acceptance for a PhD slot in Math. Don will be leaving USAFA this summer--good show! On the civilian side of the ledger GLEN ROWELL is a graduate teaching assistant for the Department of Mechanical Sciences and Environmental Engineering (whew!) at Denver University; MIKE BOCK is at Harvard Business School and BOB MCBETH is at Stanford University's Business School. I apologize for listing Bob under the sponsorship of AFIT--he is on his own. Bob reports that DEVERE HENDERSON is at Stanford studying something but has not been able to touch base with DeVere as yet. JACK ZYNGER
is also reported to be living in the San Jose area and working for an engineering firm there. The McBeth door and wine bottie are open for all visitors in the Palo Alto area--sounds good.
USAFA is really beginning to feel the influence of the Golden Gang as seven members of the class have added their numbers to those already here. The new ones can be seen wandering around contemplating all the new changes that have taken place since we departed almost eight years ago. HANK CONANT, PHIL TATE and RON FOGLEMAN--as per my WAG in the last magazine--have arrived safely as have TOM FRYER--Math, JACK MARTINES--Foreign Languages, GEORGE BARNES-Mech and JAKE JACOBCIK--Military Training.
Our society has been described as a fluid one and based on the number of address changes received by the Association over the past few months, that description is as valid as I have seen to date. Following is a l ong list of those from '63 making a scenery change during the past few months: HARRY WILSON is at Camp Drum, NY; TERRY BOSWELL and PAUL MOORE are flying the F-4 at George; LYNN SIROVATKA is an IP with the 3253rd PTS at Peterson Fid; TOM "COOKIE" CARDOZA is at Offutt after spending the last seven or so years at Minot (is that really true?); KEITH LOCKHART can now be found at Edwards as a Launch Control Officer and JOHN NEWHOUSE is at Nellis in the Fighter Weapons School. John writes that anyone going to the Nellis/Las Vegas area on cross country and in need of wheels or a place to stay should write--121 Vallejo Ave., Las Vegas, Nv--or call (702)737-9185, autovon 682-2490/2446. MIKE TOMME writes that his family has now grown to include a little girl adopted from the El Paso County Welfare Agency. The Tomme's live at 103D Bonanza, Peterson Field, Co 80916. GRADY GAULKE called late one afternoon to say he was on the way to Fairchild to navigate KC-135s. Grady has returned to the Air Force after two and one-half years in Dallas as a Management Engineer for Texas Instruments. Two of the troops, GREG FAIRHURST and LARRY EASTMAN, stopped by the office to chat for awhile and both look healthy and prosperous. Larry is in SAC's Operations Training Support Laboratory at Carswell and enjoying his work. Greg is flying the RF-4 as an RTU Instructor at Mountain Home.
The civilian types of the class are also moving around the country with military like regularity. BERT REINSTEIN is now located in Sulphur, La--his card does not mention in what capacity; GRANT BORNZIN is a Management Consultant for A.T.Kearny Co. in San Francisco; JIM KUHN is a Project Director for Lockheed Aircraft Intemational, Inc., in Los Angeles; BARNEY BARTLETT is also in California--Alameda-working with Gulf Oil as a Marketing Representative; ULYSSESS SPENCER ALLEN lives in Longmont, Colorado and works for Metropolitan Life Insurance of Denver, and WAYNE GARDNER is with the Los Angeles Police Department (Sgt Friday?). One of the Air Force Liaison Officers on his annual visit passed the word that CHUCK (F.M. WITT) DONAHUE is now living in Albuquerque, NM and involved in Law Enforcement--! don't remember what kind since Happy Hour at the Club was running its course. Finally LARRY EASTMAN passed on that WILLIE PARMA is presently working with JIM LANG in San Francisco.
Two of our classmates have successfully entered the world of literature: JOHN FRANCIS had a great article on the F-lll in April's issue of the Air Force and Space Digest and BOB HEAVNER's piece on Interdiction in the Air University Review for January and February was equally well received. Golden Boy talents are unlimited!
I would personally--unsolicited--like to plug the Association of Graduates' annual fling! Homecoming. This is one of the premiere events of the year at dear old USAFA and Linda and I have enjoyed beyond comparison the two we have attended. This year the football game will be against Southern Methodist and no matter what the weather (usually terrible), the Mustangs always play a tough, exciting game. So plan now--it's never too early--to attend and enjoy a weekend renewing acquaintances, relaxing, tipping a few and in general having the time of your life.
After lengthy discussions with some of the class stationed at the Academy we generally agreed that this column should consist of more than just "gossip." By this we mean that the column could serve more than one purpose. Specifically, there is an apparent need and desire for an exchange of information and ideas between members of the
class--military and civilian. A good example would be the need for housing information in Colorado or elsewhere by someone living in the east or west contemplating a change of location. Also, those seeking an exchange of professional and business information or ideas could find the resources of the Association valuable. This does not mean, however, soliciting or advertising products, etc. That is handled through Fred Metcalf's office and costs money. How the proposal would work is flexible and meant to be so. If you have a request for information or wish to express an idea, write me and I will attempt to get the necessary answers etc., or pass the request on to someone who could provide an answer. If something sent in is of value, in that the entire class might benefit, we will pass the information or idea on via the column.
In the pile of change of address cards and other paraphenalia sent over to my office by Fred, there are usually a few cards marked Lost Soul The following individuals are presently classified as Lost Souls: BOB MACFARLANE, JOHN GREENFIELD and BOB MELONE. If anyone can pass on information concerning the whereabouts of these individuals would you please let us in on the secret--much appreciated.
CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL THE NEW MAJORS IN THE CLASS AND THOSE 0-4 SELECTEES FROM THE LAST LIST! !!.'.'
So much for this column. At the end of the month I have the privilege of changing airplanes: T-29s to the U-10. The U-10 is used to tow gliders in the cadet soaring program. For those familiar with the airplane well if this column is written by another member of the class
fCpt Jim Wheeler
6786 Prince Drive
Colorado Springs Co 80907
Winter has officially bid Colorado adieu for another year and USAFA is busily adding paint and polish to get ready for June Week 1971. You will be reassured to learn that the diggers are still ahead of the fillers, and the golf course is still filled with willing but unskilled Firsties attempting to practice that "carryover” sport taught down in Muscle Hall. The net result??? Just that the names, numbers, and hairstyles change; but USAFA remains fundamentally the same. Not so the case with our class, however, so read on to find out the latest rumors and gossip.
Despite the economy's slow emergence from the prolonged national recession, the talented men of 1964 continue to go forth undaunted into the civilian world in pursuit of fame and fortune. The airlines remain popular and MIKE VANDETTE, ED BADENELL, and JOHN SWEENEY are flying with Eastern. Mike is living in Chicago and Ed and John now reside in Miami. BILL SWEETAY is also living in Miami but is currently with Delta; GUY DENNIS flies with the same line but is calling Atlanta home for now. LARRY GUNN is living in Falls Church, Va and is with the Computer Sciences Corporation. In the same neck of the woods is TOM TILL who now works in Washington DC and hangs his hat in Arlington. LARRY ROBINSON has ternporarily located in Menlo Park, California and is becoming a financier with the Bank of America. KURT PAUER has severed Regular AF ties to become an Air Reservist and a Civil Service Instructor Pilot and Aircrew Standardization Officer at McGuire. Several others are out but pursuing professions unknown to me: JIM HERMANSON, JIM SUE, JERRY GITTLEIN, BILL HELMICH, LARRY WILLIS, MILT RUTTER, and LARRY BALL. And last but not least, DALE DESMOND is living in Goleta, California and is self-employed as an author. - To each of these guys the best of luck and a plea for some correspondence to report on just how green it is on the "other side of the fence."
Higher education and professional training continues to beckon various classmates. RALPH GRAHAM and JIM RICHMOND are at Edwards AFB representing our class in this year's Aerospace Research Pilot School. BILL WARE, ROGER HEAD and JOHN LUKASIK are attending SOS in residence. AFIT is also sponsoring some of our number: RON HULTING is at the residence school at Wright-Pat in the Air Weapons Program; TIM KLINE is pursuing a M.A. in History at Louisiana State; and JOE BAVARIA and LEE CONNER are both at San Diego State College working on a Masters. And while on the subject of schools, my apologies to DAVE SAMUEL for erroneously reporting him a civilian and a student at Denver University. He is at DU but is not a civilian sorry about that.' Also, add PAT DURICK to the ever growing list of classmates who are in Law School; and in June you can add MITCH COBEAGA who will start Law School in Sacramento as a prelude to a legal career in Nevada.
The traffic to and from the War Zone continues for many of our classmates. LARRY SMITH is back from Pleiku and now at Carswell; JIM VERSTREATE has reported to Korat; RICH FLECHSIG is flying a T-28 out of Udorn; and FRANK BARTLETT has made an intra-theater switch from Takhli to Ubon. TOM SEHORN has returned to Homestead AFB. Other recent PCS moves include: "BUCK" SHEWARD to Little Rock after a tour at Clark AFB; JOHN BOLES from Perrin to Keflavik Naval Base, Iceland; LARRY MARTIN to Langley from Mt Home; and DAVE PIERCE from the wilds of Michigan (Kincheloe) to sunny Bitburg. The KARL WIDMAYER's are now at Carmel, California; and GERRY ZIONIC is living and working in Aurora, Colorado after a tour in the Washington DC area. "CHRIS" CHRISTOPHER is working with NASA in Houston and is currently assigned to the Space Shuttle Program. Speaking of "space", smiling LARRY BESCH has been reassigned to Tyndall after his graduation from the Research Pilot School in January. DAVE DIEFENBACH was also in the January class and was named winner of the Liethan-Tittle award for being "most outstanding in academics and flying performance."
AL MCCARTOR and lovely bride are now at USAFA and A1 has taken up his duties in the Mech Department and is helping the baseball team
LARRY BESCH
on the side. J.D. MANNING is also on the Academy staff now and is assigned to the Military Training Department. Our numbers will increase even more this summer when several people return to the alma mater for duty with the various agencies.
A recent TDY to Texas A$M gave me an opnortunity to visit with TERRY DILLON. He reports all is under control and currently plans to join the Academy faculty in 1972. TOM TIETENBERG writes that he too will be joining a faculty - Williams College, Williamstown, Mass - as an assistant professor of economics after completing his PhD this summer. Received a recent letter from ROD WELLS reporting that he is Bootstrapping at University of Southern California to finish a M.S. in Systems Management and will be off to McClellan and WC-130s in June. He also reports an addition to the family, a little girl born in February.
If you have suggestions for items to be ineluded in the newsletter, please take the time to drop me a line or to dial me on Autovon (259-2388). And all you fastburners, how about a little editorial comment on how you have managed to distinguish yourselves so quickly - the rest of us are curious about the formula.
•k k k k k
’’Knowledge is of two kinds: we know a subject ourselves or we know where we can find information on it."
Many of you have seen fit to pass on your knowledge to me for this news section. The record now is 5 letters, 2 visits, and 3 phone calls.
Judging by the change of address cards approximately 29 of our class have exchanged blues for civilian garb. Mr MARK JOHNSON (now somewhere in Europe) sent this info:
As a parting shot I'll let you in on what I know. GORDON BOOZER is here at McGuire in 141's again after his tour in AC119's and 7AF. Mr ALBERT PFELTZ survived the Marines and works for IBM in North Carolina, Mr PETE PFENDLER is in Law School at Harvard, and Mr SCOTT SCHAFER is in Grad School at the University of Virginia. As for me, I'm separating in two davs and have a one-way ticket to Europe with no real intention of returning or anything. (Bon Voyage-Thank you for your letter.)
In addition to Mark’s note, SCOTT SCHAFER sent some remarks. He mentioned Mark and
his trip to Europe:
For some spring skiing, will probably run into BRAD BERG in the Alps, where he's been camping out since last fall and his DOS. JIM ROBISON and his wife Sally are at Hahn as Jim is F4ing it; GARY ROBISON and his wife Gale and son Ted are now at Elmendorf in F4's after his second SEA tour. JOHN BLAHA and Brenda are at Klamath Falls, Oregon in the F-106. (Editor's note: Is that their home?) JIM MCCRACKEN and his wife Marge and 2 daughters are at Marietta Georgia while Jim Flies Army generals around the country. ROGER VROOMAN is also in the Atlanta area practicing WC Fields' life-style in the best civilian tradition. I am being put through graduate school at the University of Virginia by my wife Patty, and earning spending money by racing motorcycles on the East Coast (Motocross). STEVE WALLACH is at USC working toward his Master's Degree in Aerospace Engineering through the best efforts of his wife Stefanie. Keep the ivy off the walls. (Danke schoen Y'all)
NORM KOMNICK dropped a few lines also. He is now an IP/FE/FCFP (whatever that may be - Fly and Fight, not confuse) in the 106 in the 95th FIS along with TOM KOSS. Norm remarked:
I enjoy the aircraft more than words can say,...His family-wife Joy who is a very active teacher and daughter age 4 are doing fine. (Editor's note: Joy, the following is a quote "We have one little girl and are hoping for another in the future." Is this a hint or a prediction?)
Norm, your best regards are appreciated and I hope that you will keep more frequent contact with the Academy than once in six years--It doesn't seem that long especially when you consider that this year's graduation (Wednesday, 9 Jun 71) only marks 2190 days of commissioned service which leaves 5110 days for the average 65er or 8760 for some of the more progressive ones.
Old ROSS ROBERTS just returned to Lockbourne from a hardship visit-7 weeks TDY
to Howard AFB, CZ. He will soon begin instructing navigators in the C-130A RTU. Would you believe - his students are "now from the Reserves and Guard as the A model is being phased out." That was always Ross' luck. "We're expecting our second child in July so our PCS will be slightly delayed." (I hope that all of you who want to remain in TAC can. By the way, congratulations on number 2, we also are expecting #2, only in August. Colorado has just as good weather as Delaware. Anyway that seems to be the indication.) KEN MCALEAR's wife had a baby - congratulations. Ken is stationed at CCK. HARVEY SHELTON is leaving CCK for Little Rock AFB as an IP. WAYNE C BROWN and family have arrived in C. Springs. Wayne is going to be an aide and pilot to the Vice Commander of ADC.
USAFA arrivals: RICH CARLBURG and BILL WEIDA in Econ and STEVE FINCH as AOC of 15th Sq. It seems that TOM PILSCH will be returning to USAFA in June to join the Aero Dept. He is finishing up work at Princeton. He previously had been driving 130's (good Aero training). Tom did write a letter asking about housing et al at USAFA. I have contacted him about these matters. If I can be of any assistance to any of you concerning Pentagon West, let me know and I will try. As we now have 2 of the 40 AOC'sJACK STEPHENSON joined MIKE SHORT in Decernber, we should be able to find out something about both sides of the house.
Both JIM PERRY and VIC GENEZ dropped by the office during this last break between news notes. Jim is in Georgia as a General's aide. As for Vic, I am at a loss to say where he is assigned as he and I only had a quick conversation.
FRED DEGROOT called and said there was a pos sibility that he would be returning as a mem ber of the Mech Dept. Can you imagine his first class: "Good Morning" - naturally Morning because all new instructors would be assigned the classes of their choice; M and T 1$2 0720-0810, 0820-0910 - "A little background on myself. I took Mech here and I always wanted to do this. Take out paper, no pencil or pen. You realize that this Morn ing the Sun came up, so right away you knew that you were due a quiz. In light of the fact that this is my first day, sunny at that, peer out the windows if you can, now answer the following 56 questions as rapidly
as possible, hand the paper to your next door neighbor, and tear up that answer sheet. Then take out another piece of paper and explain the Mechanical theory used in tearing up the paper for next time, 2000 words - Section Dismissed."
ROD RODMAN called from Lackland, Texas and informed me that DENNIS SCARBOROUGH, SKIP COX, and PETE SUPP will be on board at Officer Training School as instructors. For your information, Col Pitts from USAFA is now the new Commander at OTS and Lt Col Glenn from USAFA DA is the Chief of Military Training. I really hope that they enjoy their tours there as much as my wife and I did. It was a rewarding experience in many ways. They do produce many fine officers. In the 3 years I was there "we" graduated about 22,000 2nd Lts. I guess I'm dated - now all my students from there are Captains.
If any of you have any pictures of recent class gatherings or what-no, send them as we may be able to put them in print.
Awards: ED FAUSTI-DFC, CURTIS NELSON-AFOUA with "V", GENE KOROTKY-DFC, 9th AM, LARRY MCCRACKEN-AFOUA, SPIDER MCKINNEY-AM, DAVE NOLTING-2-5 AM. SOS Attendees: HOBART CABLE II, BARRY BLACKMAN, HENRY BONDARUK, JAMES EDWARDS, AL GRIESHABER, MIKE MULDOON. Enjoy Alabama. BOB KEMMERER has been reassigned to Little Rock AFB as a C-130 pilot. Isn't it interesting all the different types of planes that our classmates have found in TAC?
Congratulations to WES DIXON for completing the "intensive six-week professional training" at AU. He is now a graduate of the Academic Instructor Course. You don't mind if I give you a hard time do you Wes, it is late, and not being a graduate of the course I didn't prepare my lesson plan to coincide with the arrival of Ralph the Rack Monster.
See you all at Graduation and/or Homecoming.
Late Item : Congratulations are in order, the latest promotion cut-off for major-secondary zone eligibles ?Jun 66-May 68 Rest Easy '65.' Happy Sixth Anniversary.
Capt Ray Milberg 1022 Old Dutch Mill Rd
Colorado Springs Co 80907
In only two months of travel in the Far East, I have seen a great deal of evidence of our classmates who preceded me. The unfortunate facts are that becoming famous in a war zone is a necessarily hazardous task. I read with mixed emotion the names of all too many classmates on the "We Came Back" boards at Jungle Survival School; sorrow for the dangers involved, yet joy that they did come back. Some were not so fortunate. GARY BRUNNER is memorialized at the Tan Son Nhut Base Chapel. I'm sure you all share my sorrow at finding TOM MRAVAK's death announced in the Air Force Times. May all of our prayers be with our departed or missing comrades.
On the brighter side, we have a number of classmates who have recently returned from SEA loaded with Air Medals and DFC's. RON GRABE went from Bien Hoa to Cannon in F-lOOs while DAVE VOLIN went from Da Nang to Seymour Johnson. DON THOMPSON departed Udorn for Sheppard where he is an IP in CH-3Cs. I'm not sure which would be more hazardous, ground fire or fixed wing pilots transitioning to helicopters. JIM SIMPSON completed his tour and returned to C-133s, this time on the west coast at Travis. ED PETERSEN left Phu Cat to fill my old spot at the March AFB bomber alert pad. RON ANTHONY must get a lot better view of the world from his RB-57F at Kirtland than he did from Tan Son Nhut. PAUL BURROUGHS and STEVE SWARTZ both left CCK just before I arrived. Paul is navigating in and around Dover while Steve is still flying C-130s at Davis Monthan. WAYNE (MIKE) RHYNARD is a desert rat too, parking his F-4 at Holloman.
There are still a few of us left over here. I ran into JIM WEBSTER coming out of a greasy spoon at Tan Son Nhut where he is flying electronic goonie birds. "OZ" OSTROZNY is a professional litterbug with his goon, flying leaflet missions out of Phan Rang. ED BLAESS is at Cam Ranh while his wife, Lee, is back in the Springs probably helping my wife inflate the local economy. (Footnote:
Since I'm going to send this to Candy for final typing, I'll be interested to see if that last comment makes it into print.) DON HAUSAM is an 0-2 FAC out of Hue, probably helning to spot for JOHN MARON's F-4 out of Da Nang. Da Nang is also home for JIM NEWTON and his OV-IO. BRUCE MCBRIDE moved to Korat as an ECM type while BOB MCNAMARA waits and waits and waits for his dinner at the Tan Son Nhut officers' club.
Some of our classmates have headed back to the classrooms, with or without help from the Air Force. JOHN KUNZ, HOMER LICHTENWALTER, JOE JARVIS, DON CRAIGIE, FRANK SALAT, and IVY COOK all attended SOS recently. My thanks to Barbara CALLAHAN for dropping a note to report JERRY'S departure from Webb to Ohio where he will be an AFIT resident student in Aero. DENNIS MAIER earned a degree in optics from the University of Rochester and is doing laser work at Kirtland. MIKE GAFFNEY is back in the ski country at that other school in Boulder, where BRUCE DOPLER just earned a masters in applied mathematics. Bruce is now at Tyndall. Management is MIKE SEIBEL's major at the University of Nebraska. GEORGE KUSMIAC is in a classroom but as an instructor. He is at Sheppard teaching everyone's favorite, computer technology. RICK PARSONS picked up a different classroom at Sheppard. Rick is a student pilot.
DAVE SINCLAIR and HENRY MANNING are back in school as civilians. Dave lives in Lindenwold, NJ and commutes to the University of Pa. Henry is a law student at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.
Several others have hung up their blue suits. JIM LAW is business manager for the West Bend Wisconsin School District. BOB ROTTIERS works for the Burroughs Corporation in Sterling Heights, Michigan.
We have a few classmates scattered all over the world. RAY FOWLER just moved to Bitburg, Germany, in F-4s. JIM HAMERNICK and JEFF JARVIS are also in Germany at Zweibruken and Frankfurt respectively. AL MCCLURE moved from Japan to Korea as an F-4 GIB. TOM MUNCH is in Turkey. GRAHAM SHIRLEY flies RF-4s out of Alconbury, England. EARL KRAMER is at Howard in the Canal Zone.
I think I have become that more permanent replacement for JIM MULLEN than I mentioned
last time. I'd like to hear from anyone with news or anyone who just wants to say hello. I can be reached either through Candy at our Colorado address or at Box 4647, 50th TAS, APO SF 96319. For anyone in Vietnam, if you pass through Tan Son Nhut, ask at the office in Building 112, one block east of the officers' club. I spend half my time there and I'm alwavs good for a free beer.
Cpt Jim Hastedt
3613 Michigan
Colorado Springs Co 80910
Well, this is it as far as my writing the class newsletter goes - I will be separating on June 7, 1971 after a really nice 4 years in the Air Force. Sandy and I spent one year at the University of Texas at Austin and then three years here in Colorado Springs. We didn't get to see very much of the world but we've had a good time. I've seen a few of our classmates, too. RINGO and Cathy DETURK were through here the other day on their way to Chicago from Davis Monthan AFB Ringo is now on his way to SEA in front seat F-4's. They spent two days here with us and Cathy will stay in Chicago while Ringo is in SEA. ROBERT and Jan LORD and their little girl, Jennifer, were also up here a couple weeks ago visiting Jan's parents in Denver. While thev were up this way, we got together several times, once at ED and Rita GUNTER's. Ed is still a T-41 instructor pilot for the cadet flying program. He and Rita have two little kids, Eddie and Lisa. JOHN HOLLSTEIN was also over there - he's the OIC of the cadet parachute program. And I saw DON FINK the other day. He works in the Chidlaw Building at ADC Headquarters where I give my briefings every morning. Don and his wife have two children. I talk to JOHN and Debbie BOOSE now and then - they're still at Pease where John is flying C-130's. As of now he plans to separate when his commitment is up but he's still got quite a bit of time left since he didn't go to pilot training until after he got his masters. Talked to PETE MOIX the other morning and he has an assignment to Hawaii this summer.
Although I don't think his tour at Goose Bay has been that bad, I'm sure he and Mary and their little girls are looking forward to the Hawaii tour.
I've also heard from several other people and I'll just pass their information on. LARRY WILSON writes from Nha Trang, "I see AL LUNDBERG occasionally, and BILL KORMANN frequently; A1 is thinking of extending, I believe, while Bill wants to get back to his family. CHUCK BEATTIE was visiting here awhile back, Chuck is 130 pilot who flies out of CCK and spends about half of his time TDY to Tan Son Nhut. BARRY LAFORGIA is at Cam Ranh Bay, also flying a 130, I believe, although I have not seen him for quite a spell. PETE BETTINGER is at Tan Son Nhut, LEX PAGE at Phan Rang, and I all OSI agents are planning on separating upon return to the States. Steve plans to join the Secret Service, and the rest of us are going to be students again." Larry will be back here in the Springs when he separates.
"DOC" HALLIDAY is with the 18th TFW at Kadena as a Logistics Officer. He spent the last 3 1/2 years in L.A. where he picked up a Masters in Operations Management from UCLA. He sent the following, "STEVE ELM and ART TAIT fly RF-4C's and J.P. SMITH is with the OSI all here at Kadena. JIM STRICKLAND (U-22 of some sort), HOOT GIBSON (0V10) and DOUG BARNARD ('68 AC-47) are at NKP. EDDIE FOLTZ is at Clark in HC-130 while JOE RYAN is at Hickam in the same aircraft.
STEVE HOLOHAN (desk) is still in L.A. going to law school nights. BEAR THOMAS, JIM KELLENBURGER, ROJ MACUR, STANSBURY, etc., are still in L.A. also. A recent addition to the regular L.A. noon-time Academy reunion held at the base gym is CRAIG HENDRICKSON who had to put on a uniform for the first time after Purdue and NASA. WOODY COX left Kadena for Udorn shortly after I got here in January to fly an RF-4C with people shooting at him. GEORGE FRUSHOUR left Naha when his C-130 unit folded for a stateside tour."
I got a letter from TED MCADAM this morning. He's going back for a second SEA tour in front seat F-4 and to his old squadron, the 469th TFS at Korat RTAFB. He leaves in MayDiane and their daughter Lara will live in Oklahoma City for the year. Ted sends the following data, "BILL DELAPLANE finally got
out of the F-lll and is in Monterey, Calif at the Army language school taking concentrated French. He heads for the Eglin complex for 0-1 FAC training and then on to SVN. Bill and Wanda adopted a boy in Las Vegas before they got PCS orders - so their dry spell in McNamara's Edsel was a success GREG BAILEY recently married a WAF at Shaw AFB. He is at Mt Home upgrading in RF4C's and assignment is Udorn or Saigon in late summer. RICK HEISER is in the 4455th CCTS at D.M. going thru RTU pipeline to SEA in 6 1/2 months. ART TAIT is at Kadena with his wife - spends more time in Korea with his RF4C Sq than at home with Pat. PETE BETTINGER is in Saigon in RF4C's after a two year or so delay in Kadena 'gaining experience.' JACK FRY was in SVN in AT37's-no other word from him. PAULL BURNETT is at England AFB waiting for A7's after a tour in SEA in 100's. JIM HOGARTY and Karen had a son in L.A. where Jim does some work which allows him to travel all over the world - loves his work, but doesn't like being away from home so much. JIM DURBIN is in L.A. also attending school with an eye on a civilian job - I do believe. BILL POWLEY and Linda are at Homestead in the only operational sq theremost of the squadrons went into the F4 RTU business again. ROBIN DETURK finished RTU here and is now at Udorn in the F-4. BOB GROW got married and is in England (Bentwaters, I think) loves it, both his wife and Europe! Thats about all oops, can't forget to put in a word about DAVID YATES the great Buffalo man is at George and will be heading to Udorn in July or August - has a Paveway assignment."
Sandy SOWADA writes that STUMP has just received orders for SEA with port call on 20 July. He will be going to Nha Trang while Sandy and their two boys will stay in Corpus. HENRY RODRIGUEZ is stationed at Little Rock but is preparing for a sixty day rotation to Germany with the 62nd TAS. JIM HAGEY received a masters of arts degree in counseling at Lakenheath, England on 20 March. GARY WILLIS has received the second through the sixth award of the Air Medal. Gary is stationed at Keesler AFB now as a T-28 instructor. CHARLIE HOSKINS received the Air Medal at Ubon RTAFB and is flying front seat F-4 there. K.C. FORESTER, who recently married, is stationed at Keflavik, Iceland as an F-102 pilot. K.C. recently served at Naha AB, Okinawa and in Vietnam.
SAM JAMES is in navigator training at Mather and his wife Lynn is expecting soon.
That's it from here. TOM MENZA, 4155 Hollow Road, Colorado Springs, Colo 80917 will be doing the next one. He is a T-41 instructor here. I've enjoyed doing the newsletter and hearing from quite a few of our classmates. As I said before, Sandy and I had a really good time in the Air Force but we're also looking forward to the new challenges and situations of civilian life, too. One of the most difficult things about "getting out" is losing contact with the friends you made during the last eight years. But that happens even if you do stay in, although to a lesser degree maybe. We will be living in or around Denver for the next two or three years so if you make it out this way, give us a call. Good luck to everyone.
//Lt Neal Starkey Vvljy 2902 Airport Rd #214 Colorado Springs Co 80910
Ah, it's springtime in the Rockies. The grass is turning green, the birds are singing, the golfers are cursing... can Retraining Week be far away? No. The Doolies are getting nervous, the Firsties are getting FIGMO, and the big blue is getting reassigned! I had a world's record low in correspondence this time and I am sure that it is a direct result of moving from CONUS to SEA, from SEA to CONUS and around in circles generally. A few guys have stopped in to say hi, including R.K. BROWN and TONY MARSHALL, and the news is that SAC and ATC are the only way to go...not by choice vou understand.
I will try to bring you up to date on several members of the class and their new duty stations. I hope this helps us all keep track of whose where and doing what. First of all, we have several guys who are finishing things up in SEA, including VIC BONFIGLIO who is still flying OV-10's out of Cam Ranh Bay. He is joined there by HAL SMITH who is in the 02A. JOHN CHAPMAN is a
FAC at Chu Lai, JIM PIJEPPKE flys A-37s at Bien Hoa, VINCENTE COLLAZO-DAVILLA is at Nakhon Phanom flving an OV-10, RANDY JOHNSON is an F4 WSO at Udorn, BILL WALSH is doing a bang-up job flying the HH43 out of Tan Son Nhut, and DAN BUCCHIONI has a hardship tour as a Targeting Officer at Hickam.
Stateside, WARREN ROSALUK is still a student at Stanford University, WARREN EVERETT should be finishing up soon at Dartmouth Medical School, and KARL SMITH is finishing his AFIT assignment at Northwestern Medical School. BILL VANAMERONGEN is a contract specialist working for Boeing in Seattle, MAURICE ECUNG is a Procurement Officer at Riverside, California, FRANK ALHOFF is a contracting officer at the Air Force Office of Scientific Research in Arlington, Va., JIM CUPELL0 is working down in Albuquerque at the Air Force Weapons Lab, JIM HEFFER is a procurement officer in Denver, JOHN WATKINS is a Computer OPS Officer at Ent in C-Springs, and RICK FAST has some job in the Pentagon that is so secret that he doesn't even know what he is doing.
The following list of individuals is rather lengthy, so I will go alphabetically,and give only the airplane they are flying and their duty station: JIM ALEXANDER-T38-Reese, TIM AYRES-F4-George, JOE BARNES-IP-Vance, LINDSEY BIERER-B52-March, BOB BLACKMAN-FACCraig, STEVE B0RAH-KC135-Beale, RALPH BOWERS-T37-Sheppard, RK BROWN-F4-Hoiloman, DICK COE-AC119G-Bryan, Texas, BOB DALEYC130-Langley, GARY DIKKERS-T38-Laredo, ALAN DILLMAN-IP-Columbus, ED EBERHART-T38-Vance, DAN EIKLEBERRY-RF4C-Shaw, JAY FERRON-B52Barksdale, BRUCE GERRITY-C7A-McGuire, FRED GROSS-Cl30-Langley, BILL HOGE-T37-Vance, HENRY JOHNSON-T38-Reese, JOHN LANGLEY-Cl30Pope, JOHN LONGENECKER-KC135-Fairchild, BILL MARKHAM-KC135-Beale, DG MCADORY-T37Craig, STEVE MCPHAIL-T33-Tyndal1, LARRY MEREDITH-RC135-Offutt, DON MOTZ-KC135-Pease, TOM OBIERNE-T38-Vance, BOB PAULI-UNT-Mather, BOB PAVELKO-B52-Barksdale, STEVE ROSEMANEWO-Minot, PHIL STITZER-T38-Vance, JOHN SULLIVAN-T37-Reese, MIKE WAGNER-RF4C-Shaw, PHIL WALDRON-KC135-E11sworth, GORDY WAGNERC9-Scott, WOODY WOODS IDE-T38-Webb, and TERRY ZUBROD-T38-Laredo.
Now that all you guys are PCS write and let me know what's happening. Also, congratulations by the time you read this for the Captain's bars...thank goodness they were
automatic! Two last news items CHARLEY SEIFERT was in attendance at the White House Conference on Youth held in Estes Park, Colorado this past week and I am sure we would all like to know what is going on with the youth of America these days, now that WE are older and over the proverbial hill; also, at this writing Sharon has not delivered which should put her in the running for the class' longest pregnancy. I will let you all know when, and if, something develops.
Meanwhile, take care of yourselves, stay out of trouble and let me know where you are and what you are doing so I can keep us all informed.
FLASH: It's a girl! Sharon and new baby (Trade Lyn) are doing fine. + She was born Saturday, 24 April. * * * * *
Lt Steve Soteropoulos 10102 Malaga Way #23 Rancho Cordova Ca 95670
Greetings, one and all, from sunny Sacramento! As time passes, it seems that more and more of our classmates are flung to the far corners of the world. As you already know, many of our classmates are presently in Vietnam, following in the footsteps of classes ahead of them, but '69 has arrived.
Among our friends and loved ones serving overseas are ROG HARTMAN and ROB GARVEY at Da Nang, DENNY JONES at Udorn in C-130s, RON BOND, a GIB in F-4s at Kunsan, JOEL MCCORMICK at Lajes Field, JIM EBERHARDT in WC-130s at Andersen, and SCOTTY INGRAM, who is a CH-47 Chinook navigator out of Phan Rang (incidentally, Scott won an Air Medal for his work over there-the first reported in the class).
MIKE LACEY and ROBIN HANSON are at Da Nang. Mike's an 0-2B jock and Robin is in OV-lOs. At Ton Son Nhut are GEORGE CROWDER, BUGS FORSYTHE (C-123s), TRACY RHODES, and RON NIELSEN, both in 123s
At Cam Ranh are JIMMY HOGAN, LES DYER (C-7) RUSS BROWN (C-7), and MIKE MUSHOLT (0-2). Across the border at "Naked Phantom" are CHUCK HOSMER, TIM CARUTHERS, TOMMY SOLOMON (Intelligence) and JOHN YOUNG. Tom is a briefing/debriefing officer for FACs in OV-lOs and 0-2As, and flying as an observer in both of those aircraft as well as with C-123 Candlesticks.
PETE PLATT is an 0-2A FAC flying out of Pleiku. Seems Pete already has some formidable war stories of his harrowing experiences over there. BILL HENRY is in intelligence at Camp Holloway; VINCE SANTILLLO is flying out of Phu Cat. CHRIS JOHNSON is a C-123 copilot at Phan Rang and GEORGE DEFILIPPI is flying 0-2s out of Tuy Hoa.
ED GERRARD, a C-130 copilot at Yokota, writes that JOE PERSONETT, a copilot at Osan, Korea, worked as a Protocol Officer for a joint American-Korean exercise last March. Said something about a wheelbarrow to help him get around. JACK SCHOCKEMOEHL is also driving C-130s and STICK TURNER is telling them both where to go (officially, that is!)
TIM MUELLER writes from Vance that he, wife, Jan and son, Brian, will be departing for F-106s at Tyndall and then cold country after October. TOM SALMON has a C-141 at McChord and he and his wife Kathy are awaiting the stork in late May. KEN RITTENMEYER will be heading out to F-4 upgrading at George, with an ATC Commander's Trophy tucked under his wing. TIM C01JRINGT0N is in C-130s and DWIGHT BREWER is at Charleston in C-141s. Dwight reports that BUZZ BELDEN is at Shaw rather than Mt Home. Tim also says that DAN THOMAS has finished his MBA at Ohio State and is off now to Seattle U to work on his doctorate, with plans to be married in June in Denver.
JOHN HINCHEY just finished UPT at Laredo and will be flving the C-133 out of Travis. RON SCHRECK just left Laughlin for Eglin after donning silver wings. ROC BOTTOMLY and BILL LEE were distinguished grads in UPT class 71-06 at Moody. Roc is a tweet IP at Moody and Bill got a WC-135 to McClellan. RON LOVE is at Travis and TOM SAMUEL is at Norton - both got 141s. KEN MACALUSO got an F-4 to D.M. and JOHN DEZONIA got an F-4E to MacDill (45th TFS). GUY GARDNER and ED LAND will be in the next RTIJ (F-4E) class at MacDil1.
DENNY MCCARTHY flew a C-130 out of Little Rock in a joint air and ground exercise for STRICOM. CRAIG PAUL is at Beale after finishing EWO school here at Mather. BOB NALL is at Ellsworth as a CE officer and TOMMY LOVE is a research assistant at Brooks. DAVE NELSON is a mathematician with the 71st NWW at McGuire. DICK HEFNER is also at McGuire, but he jockeys C-141s for a living. DICK KELLS is flying out of Dyess, WOODY WILSON is at the U of Mich. Med School, GEORGE WOOD is at intelligence school at Lowry, HARRY LAWS is still surfing it up in Hawaii, and JOE SNEAD is at Duluth IAP. DAVE TAGGART works in the legal office at Bergstrom, JEFF TRENTON is at Hq ATC at Randolph, and DON ZIMMERMAN has received his Masters at AFIT and an AEC fellowship and is currently at Griffiss.
JOHN RYDLEWICZ is at Hurlburt after AT-33 school at Cannon, RICK SELTZER is in F-lOls at Tyndall, BOB HART is a tanker nav at Seymour Johnson, RAY HONAKER is an EWO at Hill, and DOUG MARTIN made it into UPT at Moody. STEVE RANSDELL is at Grissom with SAC, GREG WALTS is in HC-130s at Hickam, JIM WILLIAMS is a KC copilot at Grand Forks and BOB NEWMANN is in C-130s at Pope. KEITH TALLADAY is at Tyndall, also in F-106s, and STEVE HUNTLEY is at Wright-Pat in B-52s. JIM HEWITT is a pilot instructor at Laughlin and DENNY KALMUS is an airborne weather officer at Hurlburt. At Pease are TOM SHUMWAY and ELMO EVANS, both in KCs. TOM JONES and GEORGE ZIER (new wife: Mary) are both IPs at Webb, where ED POWELL routes them through thunderstorms.
At upgrade school at George are SCOTT SONNENBERG and JOHNNY STAVELY; Scott in the front seat and John in the back. CHRIS CURTIS and his new wife Sue are at Kelly AFB, where Chris is a buyer for the AF. JOHN MORGAN is also at Kelly as an aeronautical engineer. BUD SPEACE is upgrading at Altus, and down the road, instructing in T-38s at Vance, is JOE NENNINGER. MIKE MOBLEY is in C-130s at Forbes, flying autopilot. BILL MILLER and WAYNE WARREN are both IPs at Willy. Around the Sacramento area are FLAKE HINDMARSH, in 135s at Mather, RIC KATNIK, BILL DOWELL, STEVE PITTMAN and RICH WADE IN T-29s at Mather, and up at McClellan are DAVE HUGHES, JEFF WISE, and CHUCK BALDWIN in EC-121s. RAY KILE is also up at McClellan. At Little Rock are SANDY KUDLAC, VAL SCOTT, T.J. DOHERTY,
MIKE POWELL, and LARRY PRENGER, all in C130s. Norton drew a big crowd of '69ersmust be the Olds influence. LEE SICILIO, WILDCAT PHILLIPS, JIM MCDONALD, SCOTT KOERNER, CHUCK WAX, and BOB MATERNA are all copilots in C-141s. KENNY LITTLE and TERRY LUMME are directing up-and-coming movie starlets out there.
RAY KEATING is at Westover and at Mt Home are DISC DOYLE (squadron intelligence) and WODDY CLARK, a GIB in RF-4s. GERRY SCHWART ZEL and JOHN LOVEJOY are both at Offutt, while LA Air Force Station copes with the likes of KIRK STEWART, BOB HAVRILLA, and BOB WALKER, among others. At Castle, downgrading in the BUFF, are DAVE ASTLE and GEORGE LOCKHART. Dave is headed for the land of perpetual snows - KI Sawyer. At D-M upgrading in F-4s are BOB HARRIS, CHUCK VOLLMER, BRIAN NELSON, and CRAIG COLLINS. Next door to Sacramento is Travis, where GENE CAMP and KEVIN DOLAN jockey C-141s. McGuire seems to be a pretty popular place for ’69ers who landed in the C-141. DAN DAVIS, JOHN BRUMMITT, CHRIS PAULSON, BILL LEATHERBEE, JEFF MEECE, and PHIL CORBETT are all in C-141s there. Driving 141s out of McChord .is pretty popular also, with JOHN BIGLER, FRED STEWART, MIKE MAY, and BARRY CLINE.
BOB BENNETT is a KC co at March with TERRY BRADY flying C-130s and MIKE BECKNER repairing vehicles at Langley. At Wurtsmith are BOB ARN in weather, and JOHN BANBURY in KCs. At Charleston in C-141s are LEW ENGLISH, T.J. STEPHENSON and DAVE AMBROSE. Flying zooms at Pete in the T-41 are B.Y. STEPHENSON and CURT ANDRUS among others. IPs at Craig include JERRY BOESCHE, J.J. BURNS, ROBBIE JUDAS, and DAVE STANICAR. T.J. BLACK is at Beale digging drainage ditches. IPs at Laredo are JOHN BUCKNER, DICK WHITE, DENNY FLETCHER, and BILL MCGRATH. At Dover in the C-141 are DALE HENDRIX, BARRY CREIGHTON, TOM MIKOLAJCIK (new daughter), Julie Catherine), SKIP DALY, PAT SISSON, and BILL ROSS.
Congratulations are in order for DENNY TOPPER, who has been selected as one of six finalists to receive the Air Force Outstanding Civil Engineering Company Grade Officer Award. He is currently at Kelly AFB as a project officer with the construetion division of the Air Force Security Service. Denny was responsible for setting
up the initial family housing units at Karamursel, Turkey, and Draklion AS, Crete. Congratulations on your outstanding performance, Denny, from your classmates.
I am currently undergoing navigator training at Mather and appreciate greatly the support I have had in the past from all of you. Please keep those cards and letters cornin', so I can get some more inputs for next quarter's magazine. I frankly feel that the magazine is evolving from what a great many of you might think is a "gossip column" into a forum where grads might air their views on current topics of concernthe POW-MIA issue being one in particular. Please feel free to drop a line to either Fred Metcalf or me on any topic you feel motivated to write about. Ideas for improving the format of the magazine are solicited, also. Thanks again for your cooperation. Until July
Lt Bill Manning
6945 N Academy Blvd #98 Colorado Springs Co 80907
Here I sit putting together issue number two and still no word about the mysterious "Trapper" (the old "Gid" is very concerned. The past few months have been a pleasure for me, hearing from many of our classmates - the farthest west, MIKE TORREANO at Fairchild, all the way across the Atlantic to SCOTT BARKER in Oxford, England.
Spring Athletics at USAFA are all well into their seasons: tennis (10-7), golf (10-2), track (0-2), baseball (9-19) (?) and the amazing Lacrosse team (who have beaten Baltimore and Adelphi, back East) at 9-0. The snows have cleared USAFA (at least until June Week parades come) and Hell Week is nearing.
I received a call from PAUL BICKEL, now a maintenance officer at Pease (along with "CRAZY MAN" ROSENSTOCK, who is in Quality Control) and he gave me information (unclassified) about "grads" at Chanute. TIM KARNOWSKI (wife Nancy), "SMOKEY" STOVER,
JOE MCCLELLAN, BOB WELBAUM, BILL WITT, ROY
ALAMEIDA (who went to McGuire in the Transportation Branch), and RICK BEREIT who arrived from chopper school after being told his sitting height exceeded waiverability!
RICK MURROW (Marsha) sent a note from UPT at Vance after getting his master's in AstroAero at Purdue.
JOE BOYLES sent word about his UNT class at Mather that have assignments and will graduate 6 May 71: JACK (Mary Anne) MUELLERC-141, McChord; FRAN (Dianne) TOWNSENDRF-4, Shaw; MIKE TUROSE - EWO; MIKE (Jo) MCCORMICH - C-141, Charleston; JOHN GALLAGHER - C-130, CCK; TERRY SILVESTER - C-130, CCK; BOB SCHUMACHER - C-130, CCK; JOE (Linda, Kim) BOYLES, F-4, Luke; MIKE POMPHREY - F-4, Luke; STEVE ROBERTS - F-4, Luke; HOWIE ROBSON - C-130, CCK; BUD HARGROVE - F-4, Luke; CHARLIE SMISSON - C-130, CCK; RICH RODIECKEC-121, Korat; PAUL WARNER - NBT. Also, one class ahead of Joe, TOM STUART pulled the number one slot in his UNT group, and just entering (after grad school) are JOHN MARTINSON, DAN HANCOCK, DOUG CARLSON, and JEFF SHAVER.
SCOTTY BARKER has started classes at Oxford and will come back here soon to be married and then return to England.
MIKE TORREANO (Anne) is in the Information Office at Fairchild keeping the entire Northwest alive and well with exciting facts brought in from civilized parts of the world. Also at Fairchild are JOE WADE (Sue) and GEORGE KATO (Brook), both instructors at the Survivor School.
The last I had heard from TED COULSON (GRADY) at Laugh1in was good news and fun flying. Also there is TERRY PFAFF.
Before I close up issue number two, I wish to make mention, for your thoughts, prayers, and well wishes - a friend of ours who is recuperating in the hospital at Keesler. JIM BECHTEL was just getting over injuries from a cycle accident at Moody when a freak car accident put him back in the hospital. He has had positive improvement and Jim, we are all with you for a speedy recovery and return to UPT.
I'll see you again soon, maybe even from UPT!
*
IN SUPPORT OF CAPTURED AMERICAN AND ALLIED FIGHTING MEN AND THOSE MISSING IN ACTION IN THE VIETNAM
Whereas article VI of the United States Constitution specifically states that provisions of treaties ratified by the United States Government become the "supreme law of the land", notwithstanding contrary limitations of the Constitution itself; and
Whereas notwithstanding solemn promised ratified at the international conference at Geneva that all prisoners of war captured would be given the respect of humane treatment; that article 2 of the convention provides that it "shall apply to all cases of declared war or any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting parties, even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them."
Whereas, the government of North Vietnam acceded to the convention on June 28, 1957, and the government of South Vietnam acceded to the convention on November 14, 1953, and the government of the United States acceded to the convention on August 2, 1955; no pretense of compliance has been advanced by North Vietnam or the National Liberation Front (Viet Cong) despite a request to do so on June 11, 1965, by Jacques Freymond, Vice President of the International Committee of the Red Cross and numerous appeals by international humanitarian organizations subsequently, and
Whereas repeated appeals on the part of wives, parents, relatives, and dependents of those unfortunate victims of Communist inhumanity have proven ineffective through diplomatic, military and humanitarian channels.
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED THAT We, representing the members of the Association of Graduates, United States Air Force Academy, condemn in the strongest terms the repressive and cruel treatment of American and allied prisoners and petition that the government of North Vietnam act as follows to:
1. Observe the international accords of the Geneva Convention in the same manner the government of South Vietnam accords to captured troops of the North Vietnam government and their allies.
2. Release names and physical condition of all prisoners held.
3. Immediately release sick and wounded prisoners.
4. Provide for impartial inspections of prisoner of war facilities by international humanitarian organizations.
5. Provide for medical treatment of all prisoners.
6. Provide for regular flow of mail, food, and comfort items.
7. Cease using prisoners for purposes of public degradation, political propaganda and mental torture of prisoners and their innocent families.
8. Agree to immediately negotiate through international humanitarian organizations for the fair and equitable exchange of prisoners of both sides.
Adopted by the Executive Committee in meeting on the 22nd day of April 1971.
MAJOR CHARLES F STEBBINS President Association of Graduates
